TASK 1 – DYNAMIC CHARTS

Overview

Dynamic chart (Changes over time) >< Static chart (No change) - Process - Map

Band descriptors

You are expected to:

- Write a report

- Write at least 150 words

- Summarize the information and make comparisons where relevant.

Band descriptors
Task achievement
1. Have you summarised the information appropriately by selecting and properly
reporting the main features?
2. Have you made comparisons properly and sufficiently?
3. Have you provided overviews of the main trends/comparisons/stages?
4. Have you written a clear overview or summary for the report?
Coherence and cohesion
1. Have you organised your information logically?
2. Is there an overall flow or progression in your report?
3. Have you used linkers (connectors and conjunctions) correctly, properly, and
sufficiently?
4. Have pronouns (đại từ) been used correctly, and do they have clear references?
5. Have you organised the text in paragraphs logically and sufficiently?
Grammar
 1. Have you used a variety of sentence structures? (relative clause, passive,
shortened relative clause,...)
2. How often have you used compound structures?
3. Mistakes
a. Grammar
i. No acronym
ii. Pay attention to your spelling
b. Punctuation
i. S + V; therefore,/however,
ii. S + V. Therefore,/However,
iii. S1, S2, and S3 (liệt kê từ 3 thứ trở lên phải có “,” trước chữ “and”)
iv. S1, S2 => S1 and S2
v. S + V, such as/namely/including
vi. No “: - … - !?”
Lexical resource
1. Words
a. Range and flexibility
b. Level (A1 ~ C1)
c. Precision
d. Style
e. Collocation
2. Vocabulary mistakes
a. Spelling
b. Word choice (từ đúng ngữ cảnh)
c. Word formation (từ loại)
Vocabulary

Note:
- soar (v) = rocket (v): rise very quickly and suddenly
- nosedive (v/n) = plummet (v): suddenly drop
- halve (v): giảm một nửa
- double (v): gấp đôi – double (adj): gấp đôi
- level off (phr v) = remain unchanged/static
- S becomes erratic (adj): biến động
- Number+fold (adv/adj): gấp mấy lần
Structure
Comparison
1. So sánh tương đồng:
 Similarly, S + V
Ví dụ: The percentage of young people in higher education in country B remained at
around 40% during the given period. Similarly, after increasing to 52%, that of
country D stayed unchanged until 2010.
 Likewise, S + V
Ví dụ: In 2030, the number of barrels consumed per day in the USA is expected to
fall to 7.8 million. Likewise, that of Western Europe and Japan is predicted to
experience a drop and finally hit its bottom of 2 million.
 In the same way, S + V
 In a similar way, S + V
 S + to be similar + to + N/Pronoun
Ex: The number of Australian boys participating in Math class is similar to the girls.
2. So sánh tương phản
 However, S + V hoặc S, however, V
 = Nevertheless, S + V
Ví dụ: The proportion of moviegoers aged 7-14, however, decreased slightly and
became equal to that of their 25-35 counterparts in the same year.
 Ví dụ: By 2000, the production of paper and packaging had sharply increased and
reached a peak of 350 million. By/In contrast, the figure for sawn-wood continued to
fall and finally hit its bottom of about 130 million, even lower than that for wood
pulp, at about 160 million.
 On the other hand, S + V
Ví dụ: The period between 1985 and 1995 saw a sharp climb in the annual spending
on men’s clothes. On the other hand, the yearly expenditure on women’s clothes
grew more significantly, reaching a peak of just under $700 in 2005.
3. So sánh gấp nhiều lần
 S1 + to be twice/three/four... times + as many/much as higher/greater than +
S2
Ex: Vietnam’s rice export is twice as much higher than Pakistan. Lượng gạo xu ất
khẩu của Việt Nam lớn hơn hai lần so với Pakistan.
 S1 + is + more than/over + two/three/four… times/fold + as + adj + S2
Ex: The world population in 2022 is more than two times as the world
population in 1974. (Dân số thế giới năm 2022 cao gấp hai lần so v ới năm
1974.)
 S + V + THE MOST + ADJ DÀI/ THE ADJ “EST” OF ALL/ IN MY CLASS/ IN ALL
CATEGORIES (phân loại)
Ex: The food spending of the Indians is the highest of all.
 The second/ third most…
 The least (ít nhất)
OTHER USEFUL STRUCTURES
1. S + V + ADV, WHILE/WHEREAS S + V + ADV
The number of students went up to 1000 in 2000, while that of workers fell
rapidly to 50 during the same period.
2. S + V + ADV. MEANWHILE, S + V + ADV
The number of students went up to 1000 in 2000. Meanwhile, there was a rapid
fall to 50 in the number of during the same period.
3. S + V + ADV COMPARED TO/IN COMPARISON WITH + N
The number of students began at 100 in 1990 compared to/in comparison with
10 workers during the same period.
4. S + V + ADV BEFORE/AFTER + V-ing
 The number of students began at 100 in 1990 before going up to 1000 in 2000
5. There + be + a/an + ADJ + N, followed by + a/an + ADJ+ N
There was an increase to 2000 in the number of students, followed by a slight
decline of 300 until 2010.
6. S + V+ ADV, which was + comparison
Ex:
 The number of students increased significantly to 1000 in 2024, which
was the highest number of all
 The number of students increased significantly to 1000 in 2024, which
was double that of workers
 The number of students increased significantly to 1000 in 2024, which
was three times higher than that of workers
Standard 1-2-3-4
1. Opening (1) - Paraphrase the question + Add some info that is shown in the chart
but not in the question
 Graph name + illustrates/gives information about (1) + place + time (2)
 (1)
o The number of + N/How many S +V + O
o The amount of + N(uncountable)/ How much S + V + O
o The percentage/proportion of
o Apply for everything: The figure for
 (2) between…and… - from…to…
2. Overview (2) - Trend + Differences
 Trend + degree
 Differences - order
3. Body 1 (3-4) - Summarize the information + Make comparisons where relevant
4. Body 2 (3-4)- Summarize the information + Make comparisons where relevant
Question 1: The graph shows the rates of participation in three different
activities in a UK sports club between 1995 and 2015.

Intro
The line graph illustrates/gives information about the percentage of members of a UK
sports club who took part in three sport activities, including swimming, team sports,
and gym activities in a UK sports club from 1995 to 2005.

Overview
1) Trend (Starting point - Ending point)
- Go up: Gym activities
- Go down: Swimming
- Special case: Team sports
2) Difference(s) - Order: The group with the highest figure
- Ending: Team sports ended up with the highest figure
- [Overtake/ surpass]: Team sports had overtaken/ surpassed swimming to
become the activity with the highest figure by the end of the period.
=> Overall, the proportion of members taking part in gym activities significantly
increased, while that of swimming and team sports dropped at varying degrees. In
addition, team sports had overtaken/ surpassed swimming to become the activity with
the highest figure by the end of the period.

Body
 Approach 1: Time
o list the starting point of all categories + compare
o describe changes
 Approach 2: Overview (grouping)
 Trend
o Gym activities (go up)
o Swimming + team sport (go down)
 Order
o Swimming + Gym activities (the highest – the lowest)
o Team sport
Vary the subject (đa dạng chủ ngữ)
- measurement (the percentage/proportion of - the figure for)
- category (swimming was chosen by 30% of the club members)
- number (30% of the club members took part in swimming)
The percentage of participants who took part in swimming increased to 20% in 2000.
=> There was an increase of 20% in the percentage of participants in swimming in
2000.
=> An increase of 20% was witnessed/seen in the percentage of participants in
swimming in 2000.

Body 1:
- list starting points
- describe changes (swimming => gym activities)
Body 2:
- list starting point
- describe changes + comparison

Sample
Looking first at swimming and gym activities, half of the club took part in the former
activity, whereas only 5% of the club members joined the latter activity. Thereafter,
participation in swimming dropped rapidly to 15% in 2010, and it remained unchanged
until 2015. In contrast, gym activities witnessed a dramatic rise to 28% in the rate of
participation, with their figures being 28% (with + N/V-ing) in 2010. Over the next 5
years, the percentage of participants in gym activities fell negligibly; however,, they
were still the second most popular activities among club members.
- S + V + O (mệnh đề) => S + V-ing (danh từ)
- negligible (adj): không đáng kể => negligibly (adv): không đáng kể

Moving to team sports, their figures began at just above/north of 30% and remained
static for the next 5 years. From 2000 to 2010, the proportion of participation in these
sports slightly increased and peaked at 40% before falling back to the initial proportion.
However, this was still the highest figure among all categories.
- north (Adv) of something: more or higher than something