INDEX

TOPICS Pg.Nos.

1. Circle LAQ’S (QNO.NO 18 & 19) 01 - 20

2. Parabola LAQ’S (QNO.NO 20) 21 - 26

3. Integration LAQ’S (QNO.NO 21 & 22) 27 - 52

4. Definite Integrals LAQ’S(QNO.NO 23) 53 - 66

5. Differential Equation LAQ’S (QNO.NO 24) 67 – 72

6. Circle SAQ’S (QNO.NO 11) 73 - 79

7. System of Circles SAQ’S (QNO.NO 12) 80 - 87

8. Ellipse SAQ’S(QNO.NO 13 & 14) 88 - 98

9. Hyperbola SAQ’S (QNO.NO 15) 99 - 105

10. Definite Integrals SAQ’S (QNO.NO 16) 106 - 112

11. Differential Equation SAQ’S (QNO.NO 17) 113 – 126

12. VSAQ’S 127 –LAST

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 (A PLACE TO LEARN) 9000687600
SL.NO VSAQ(2M) SAQ(4M) LAQ(7M) TOTAL
CHAPTER NAME
1
CIRCLE 2+2 4 7+7 22

2
SYSTEM OF CIRCLES 2 4 - 6

3
PARABOLA 2 - 7 9

4
ELLIPSE - 4+4 - 8

5
HYPERBOLA 2 4 - 6

6
INDIFINITE INTEGRATION 2+2 - 7 +7 18
7
DIFINITE INTEGRATION 2+2 4 7 15

8
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 2 4 7 13

TOTAL MARKS 20/20 20/28 35/49 75/97

 AIMS TUTORIAL.IN MATHEMAITCS -2B AIMS TUTORIAL.IN MATHEMAITCS -2B

1. Find the equation of the circle passing through points (3, 4), (3, 2), and (1, 4)
Sol: Let A (3, 4), B (3, 2), and C (1, 4) Let the required eq’’n of the circle be Solving eq’’n (2) & (3)
𝟐 𝟐
𝐒 ≡ 𝐱 + 𝐲 + 𝟐𝐠𝐱 + 𝟐𝐟𝐲 + 𝐜 = 𝟎 ….(s)

A (3, 4) lies on (s) 6g + 4f + c + 13 = 0

⇨ (3) + (4) + 2g(3) + 2f(4) + c = 0 2g + 8f + c + 17 = 0
9 + 16 + 6g + 8f + c = 0 4g − 4f − 4 = 0 {÷ by 4}
𝟔𝐠 + 𝟖𝐟 + 𝐜 + 𝟐𝟓 = 𝟎 … … … . (𝟏)

⇨𝐠 − 𝐟 − 𝟏 = 𝟎 … … … . (𝟓)
B (3, 2) lies on (s) Solving eq’’n (4) & (5)
⇨ (3) + (2) + 2g(3) + 2f(2) + c = 0 ⇨g − (−3) − 1 = 0
9 + 4 + 6g + 4f + c = 0 ⇨g + 3 − 1 = 0
𝟔𝐠 + 𝟒𝐟 + 𝐜 + 𝟏𝟑 = 𝟎 … … … (𝟐) ⇨g + 2 = 0

𝐠 = −𝟐
C (1, 4) lies on (s) Sub ′g′ and ′f′ values in eq’n (1)
⇨ (1) + (4) + 2g(1) + 2f(4) + c = 0 ⇨ 6(−2) + 8(−3) + c + 25 = 0
1 + 16 + 2g + 8f + c = 0 ⇨−12 − 24 + 25 + c = 0 ⇨ c = 11
𝟐𝐠 + 𝟖𝐟 + 𝐜 + 𝟏𝟕 = 𝟎 … … . . (𝟑) sub the values of ′g′ , ′f′ and ′c′ in (∗)
Solving eq’’n (1) & (2) x + y + 2(−2)x + 2(−3)y + (11) = 0
6g + 8f + c + 25 = 0
∴ 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟒𝐱 − 𝟔𝐲 + 𝟏𝟏 = 𝟎
6g + 4f + c + 13 = 0

0 + 4f + 12 = 0 {÷ by 4}

⇨ 𝐟 = −𝟑 … … … . (𝟒)

Q.No:18 & 19 Circle Q.No:18 & 19 Circle

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 AIMS TUTORIAL.IN MATHEMAITCS -2B AIMS TUTORIAL.IN MATHEMAITCS -2B

2. Find the equation of the circle passing through points (1, 2), (3, -4), (5, -6)
Sol: Let A (1, 2), B (3, -4), C (5, -6) Solving eq’’n (2) & (3)
Let the required eq’’n of the circle be 6g − 8f + c + 25 = 0
𝐒 ≡ 𝐱𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟐𝐠𝐱 + 𝟐𝐟𝐲 + 𝐜 = 𝟎 …(s) 10g − 12f + c + 61 = 0

A (1, 2) lies on (s) −4g + 4f − 36 = 0 {÷ by − 4}

⇨ (1) + (2) + 2g(1) + 2f(2) + c = 0 ⇨𝟏𝐠 − 𝐟 + 𝟗 = 𝟎 … … … . (𝟓)

1 + 4 + 2g + 4f + c = 0

𝟐𝐠 + 𝟒𝐟 + 𝐜 + 𝟓 = 𝟎 … … … . (𝟏) Solving eq’’n (4) & (5)

1 -3 5 1

B (3, -4) lies on (s) 1 -1 9 1

⇨ (3) + (−4) + 2g(3) + 2f(−4) + c = 0

9 + 16 + 6g − 8f + c = 0 (g, f)= , = , = (−11, −2)

𝟔𝐠 − 𝟖𝐟 + 𝐜 + 𝟐𝟓 = 𝟎 … … … (𝟐) Sub ′g and ′f values in eq’n (1)

⇨ 2(−11) + 4(−2) + c + 5 = 0
C (5, -6) lies on (s) ⇨−22 − 8 + 5 + c = 0 ⇨ c = 25
⇨ (5) + (−6) + 2g(5) + 2f(−6) + c = 0 sub the values of ′g′ , ′f′ and ′c′ in (∗)
25 + 36 + 10g − 12f + c = 0 x + y + 2(−11)x + 2(−2)y + (25) = 0
𝟏𝟎𝐠 − 𝟏𝟐𝐟 + 𝐜 + 𝟔𝟏 = 𝟎 … … . . (𝟑)
∴ 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟐𝟐𝐱 − 𝟒𝐲 + 𝟐𝟓 = 𝟎
Solving eq’’n (1) & (2)

2g + 4f + c + 5 = 0

6g − 8f + c + 25 = 0

−4g + 12f − 20 = 0 {÷ by − 4}

⇨ 𝟏𝐠 − 𝟑𝐟 + 𝟓 = 𝟎 … … … . (𝟒)

Q.No:18 & 19 Circle Q.No:18 & 19 Circle

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 AIMS TUTORIAL.IN MATHEMAITCS -2B AIMS TUTORIAL.IN MATHEMAITCS -2B

3. Find the equation of the circle passing through points 4. Find the equation of the circle passing through points
(𝟓, 𝟕), (𝟖, 𝟏), (𝟏, 𝟑) (𝟏, 𝟏), (𝟐, −𝟏), (𝟑, 𝟐)

Sol: Let A (5, 7), B (8, 1), C (1, 3) Sol: Let A (1, 2), B (2, -1), C (3, 2)

Let the required eq’’n of the circle 𝐒 ≡ 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟐𝐠𝐱 + 𝟐𝐟𝐲 + 𝐜 = 𝟎 …(s) Let the required eq’’n of the circle 𝐒 ≡ 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟐𝐠𝐱 + 𝟐𝐟𝐲 + 𝐜 = 𝟎 …(s)

A (5, 7) ⇨ 𝟏𝟎𝐠 + 𝟏𝟒𝐟 + 𝐜 + 𝟕𝟒 = 𝟎 … … … . (𝟏) A (1, 1) ⇨ 𝟐𝐠 + 𝟐𝐟 + 𝐜 + 𝟐 = 𝟎 … … … . (𝟏)

B (8, 1) ⇨ 1𝟔𝐠 + 𝟐𝐟 + 𝐜 + 𝟔𝟓 = 𝟎 … … … (𝟐) B (2, -1) ⇨ 4𝐠 − 𝟐𝐟 + 𝐜 + 𝟓 = 𝟎 … … … (𝟐)

C (1, 3) ⇨ 𝟐𝐠 + 𝟔𝐟 + 𝐜 + 𝟏𝟎 = 𝟎 … … . . (𝟑) C 3, 2) ⇨ 𝟔𝐠 + 𝟒𝐟 + 𝐜 + 𝟏𝟑 = 𝟎 … … . . (𝟑)

Solving eq’’n (1) & (2) Solving eq’’n (1) & (2)

𝟏𝟎𝐠 + 𝟏𝟒𝐟 + 𝐜 + 𝟕𝟒 = 𝟎 𝟐𝐠 + 𝟐𝐟 + 𝐜 + 𝟐 = 𝟎

𝟏𝟔𝐠 + 𝟐𝐟 + 𝐜 + 𝟔𝟓 = 𝟎 −𝟒𝐠 + 𝟐𝐟 − 𝐜 − 𝟓 = 𝟎

−6g + 12f + 9 = 0 … … … . (𝟒) −2g + 4f − 3 = 0 … … … . (𝟒)

Solving eq’’n (2) & (3) Solving eq’’n (2) & (3)

1𝟔𝐠 + 𝟐𝐟 + 𝐜 + 𝟔𝟓 = 𝟎 4𝐠 − 𝟐𝐟 + 𝐜 + 𝟓 = 𝟎

𝟐𝐠 + 𝟔𝐟 + 𝐜 + 𝟏𝟎 = 𝟎 −𝟔𝐠 − 𝟒𝐟 − 𝐜 − 𝟏𝟑 = 𝟎

14g − 4f + 55 = 0 … … … . (𝟓) −2g − 6f − 8 = 0 … … … . (𝟓)

Solving eq’’n (4) & (5) Solving eq’’n (4) & (5)

-6 12 9 -6 -2 4 -3 -2

14 -4 55 14 (g, f) = , = , (− ,− ) 2 6 8 2 (g, f)= , = − ,− (− , − )

Sub ′g and ′f values in eq’n (1) ⇨ 10(− ) + 14(− ) + c + 74 = 0 Sub ′g and ′f values in eq’n (1) ⇨ 2(− ) + 2(− ) + c + 2 = 0

⇨− − + +c=0 ⇨c=
𝑨𝒏𝒔: 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟓𝐱 − 𝐲 + 𝟒 = 𝟎
sub the values of ′g′ , ′f′ and ′c′ in (∗)

x +y +2 − x+2 − y+( )=0

∴ 𝟑𝐱 𝟐 + 𝟑𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟐𝟗𝐱 − 𝟏𝟗𝐲 + 𝟓𝟔 = 𝟎

Q.No:18 & 19 Circle Q.No:18 & 19 Circle

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 AIMS TUTORIAL.IN MATHEMAITCS -2B AIMS TUTORIAL.IN MATHEMAITCS -2B

5. Show that the points (1, 1), (-6, 0), (-2, 2) and (-2, -8) are concyclic. −12g + 0 + c + 36 = 0
Sol: Let A (1, 1), B (-6, 0), C (-2, 2) and D (-2, -8) −4g + 4f + c + 8 = 0
Let the required eq’’n of the circle be −8g − 4f + 28 = 0 {÷ by − 4}
𝐒 ≡ 𝐱𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟐𝐠𝐱 + 𝟐𝐟𝐲 + 𝐜 = 𝟎 …(s) ⇨𝟐𝐠 + 𝐟 − 𝟕 = 𝟎 … … … . (𝟓)

A (1, 1) lies on (s)

⇨ (1) + (1) + 2g(1) + 2f(1) + c = 0 Solving eq’’n (4) & (5)

1 + 1 + 2g + 2f + c = 0 7 1 -17 7

𝟐𝐠 + 𝟐𝐟 + 𝐜 + 𝟐 = 𝟎 … … … . (𝟏) 2 1 -7 2

B (-6, 0) lies on (s) (g, f)= , = , = (2, 3)

⇨ (−6) + (0) + 2g(−6) + 2f(0) + c = 0 Sub ′g and ′f values in eq’n (1)

36 + 0 − 12g + 0 + c = 0 ⇨ 2(2) + 2(3) + c + 2 = 0
−𝟏𝟐𝐠 + 𝟎 + 𝐜 + 𝟑𝟔 = 𝟎 … … … (𝟐) ⇨4 + 6 + 2 + c = 0 ⇨ c = −12

sub the values of ′g′ , ′f′ and ′c′ in (∗)

C (-2, 2) lies on (s) x + y + 2(2)x + 2(3)y + (−12) = 0
⇨ (−2) + (2) + 2g(−2) + 2f(4) + c = 0
∴ 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟒𝐱 + 𝟔𝐲 − 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟎
4 + 4 − 4g + 4f + c = 0
Since D (-2, -8) also lies on (s)
−𝟒𝐠 + 𝟒𝐟 + 𝐜 + 𝟖 = 𝟎 … … . . (𝟑)
⇨ (−2) + (−8) + 4(−2) + 6(−8) − 12
Solving eq’’n (1) & (2)
=4 + 64 − 8 − 48 − 12
2g + 2f + c + 2 = 0
= 68 − 68 = 0 ∴ Givin point are concyclic .
−12g + 0 + c + 36 = 0

14g + 2f − 34 = 0 {÷ by 2}

⇨ 𝟕𝐠 + 𝐟 − 𝟏𝟕 = 𝟎 … … … . (𝟒)

Solving eq’’n (2) & (3)

Q.No:18 & 19 Circle Q.No:18 & 19 Circle

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 AIMS TUTORIAL.IN MATHEMAITCS -2B AIMS TUTORIAL.IN MATHEMAITCS -2B

6. Show that the points (9, 1), (7, 9), (2, 12) and (6, 10) are concyclic. Solving eq’’n (2) & (3)
Sol: Let A 9, 1), B (7, 9), C (2, 12) and D (6, 10) 14g + 18f + c + 130 = 0
Let the required eq’’n of the circle be 4g + 24f + c + 148 = 0
𝐒 ≡ 𝐱𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟐𝐠𝐱 + 𝟐𝐟𝐲 + 𝐜 = 𝟎 …(s) 12g − 6f − 18 = 0 {÷ by 6}

A (9, 1) lies on (s) ⇨𝟐𝐠 − 𝐟 − 𝟑 = 𝟎 … … … . (𝟓)

⇨ (9) + (1) + 2g(9) + 2f(1) + c = 0

81 + 1 + 18g + 2f + c = 0 Solving eq’’n (4) & (5)

𝟏𝟖𝐠 + 𝟐𝐟 + 𝐜 + 𝟖𝟐 = 𝟎 … … … . (𝟏) 1 -4 -12 1

2 -1 -3 2

B (7, 9) lies on (s)

⇨ (7) + (9) + 2g(7) + 2f(9) + c = 0 (g, f)= , = , = (0, −3)

49 + 81 + 14g + 18f + c = 0 Sub ′g and ′f values in eq’n (1)

𝟏𝟒𝐠 + 𝟏𝟖𝐟 + 𝐜 + 𝟏𝟑𝟎 = 𝟎 … … … (𝟐) ⇨ 18(0) + 2(−3) + c + 82 = 0

⇨−6 + 82 + c = 0 ⇨ c = −76
C (2, 12) lies on (s) sub the values of ′g′ , ′f′ and ′c′ in (∗)
⇨ (2) + (12) + 2g(2) + 2f(12) + c = 0 x + y + 2(0)x + 2(−3)y + (−76) = 0
4 + 144 + 4g + 24f + c = 0
∴ 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟔𝐲 − 𝟕𝟔 = 𝟎
𝟒𝐠 + 𝟐𝟒𝐟 + 𝐜 + 𝟏𝟒𝟖 = 𝟎 … … . . (𝟑)
Since D (6, 10) also lies on (s)
Solving eq’’n (1) & (2)
⇨ (6) + (10) − 6(10) − 76
18g + 2f + c + 82 = 0
=36 + 100 − 60 − 76
14g + 18f + c + 130 = 0
= 136 − 136 = 0 ∴ Givin point are concyclic .
4g − 16f − 48 = 0 {÷ by 4}

⇨ 𝐠 − 𝟒𝐟 − 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟎 … … … . (𝟒)

Q.No:18 & 19 Circle Q.No:18 & 19 Circle

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 AIMS TUTORIAL.IN MATHEMAITCS -2B AIMS TUTORIAL.IN MATHEMAITCS -2B

7. Show that the points (1, 2), (3, -4), (5, -6) and (19, 8) are concyclic.
Sol: Let A (1, 2), B (3, -4), C (5, -6) and D (19, 8) Solving eq’’n (2) & (3)
Let the required eq’’n of the circle be 6g − 8f + c + 25 = 0
𝐒 ≡ 𝐱𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟐𝐠𝐱 + 𝟐𝐟𝐲 + 𝐜 = 𝟎 …(s) 10g − 12f + c + 61 = 0

A (1, 2) lies on (s) −4g + 4f − 36 = 0 {÷ by − 4}

⇨ (1) + (2) + 2g(1) + 2f(2) + c = 0 ⇨𝟏𝐠 − 𝐟 + 𝟗 = 𝟎 … … … . (𝟓)

1 + 4 + 2g + 4f + c = 0

𝟐𝐠 + 𝟒𝐟 + 𝐜 + 𝟓 = 𝟎 … … … . (𝟏) Solving eq’’n (4) & (5)

1 -3 5 1

B (3, -4) lies on (s) 1 -1 9 1

⇨ (3) + (−4) + 2g(3) + 2f(−4) + c = 0

9 + 16 + 6g − 8f + c = 0 (g, f)= , = , = (−11, −2)

𝟔𝐠 − 𝟖𝐟 + 𝐜 + 𝟐𝟓 = 𝟎 … … … (𝟐) Sub ′g and ′f values in eq’n (1)

⇨ 2(−11) + 4(−2) + c + 5 = 0
C (5, -6) lies on (s) ⇨−22 − 8 + 5 + c = 0 ⇨ c = 25
⇨ (5) + (−6) + 2g(5) + 2f(−6) + c = 0 sub the values of ′g′ , ′f′ and ′c′ in (∗)
25 + 36 + 10g − 12f + c = 0 x + y + 2(−11)x + 2(−2)y + (25) = 0
𝟏𝟎𝐠 − 𝟏𝟐𝐟 + 𝐜 + 𝟔𝟏 = 𝟎 … … . . (𝟑)
∴ 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟐𝟐𝐱 − 𝟒𝐲 + 𝟐𝟓 = 𝟎
Solving eq’’n (1) & (2)
Since D (19, 8) also lies on (s)
2g + 4f + c + 5 = 0
⇨ (19) + (8) − 22(19) − 4(8) + 25 = 0
6g − 8f + c + 25 = 0
=361 + 64 − 418 − 32 + 25 = 0
−4g + 12f − 20 = 0 {÷ by − 4}
450 − 450 = 0 ∴ Givin point are concyclic .
⇨ 𝟏𝐠 − 𝟑𝐟 + 𝟓 = 𝟎 … … … . (𝟒)

Q.No:18 & 19 Circle Q.No:18 & 19 Circle

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 AIMS TUTORIAL.IN MATHEMAITCS -2B AIMS TUTORIAL.IN MATHEMAITCS -2B

8. If (2, 0), (0, 1), (4, 5) and (0, c) are concyclic, and then find the value of c. Solving eq’’n (2) & (3)
Sol: Let A (2, 0), B (0, 1), C (4, 5) and D (0, c) 0 + 2f + k + 1 = 0
Let the required eq’’n of the circle be 8g + 10f + k + 41 = 0
𝐒 ≡ 𝐱𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟐𝐠𝐱 + 𝟐𝐟𝐲 + 𝐤 = 𝟎 …(s) −8g − 8f − 40 = 0 {÷ by − 8} ⇨𝐠 + 𝐟 + 𝟓 = 𝟎 … … … . (𝟓)

A (2, 0) lies on (s)

⇨ (2) + (0) + 2g(2) + 2f(0) + k = 0 Solving eq’’n (4) & (5)

4 + 0 + 4g + 0 + k = 0 4 -2 3 4

𝟒𝐠 + 𝟎 + 𝐤 + 𝟒 = 𝟎 … … … . (𝟏) 1 1 5 1 (g, f)= , = − ,−

B (0, 1) lies on (s) Sub ′g′ and ′f values in eq’n (1) ⇨ 4(− ) + k + 4 = 0
⇨ (0) + (1) + 2g(0) + 2f(1) + k = 0
⇨k = −4= =
0 + 1 + 0 + 2f + k = 0
sub the values of ′g′ , ′f′ and ′k′ in (∗)
𝟎 + 𝟐𝐟 + 𝐤 + 𝟏 = 𝟎 … … … (𝟐)
x +y +2 − x+2 − y+( ) = 0

C (4, 5) lies on (s)

x +y − x− y+ =0
⇨ (4) + (5) + 2g(4) + 2f(5) + c = 0
Since D (0, c) also lies on (s)
16 + 25 + 8g + 10f + k = 0
⇨ (0) + (c) − (0) − (c) + =0
𝟖𝐠 + 𝟏𝟎𝐟 + 𝐤 + 𝟒𝟏 = 𝟎 … … . . (𝟑)
⇨(c) − (c) + = 0 ⇨ 3c − 17c + 14 = 0

Solving eq’’n (1) & (2) ⇨3c − 3c − 14c + 14 = 0

4g + 0 + k + 4 = 0 ⇨3c[c − 1] − 14[c − 1] = 0
0 + 2f + k + 1 = 0 ⇨[c − 1](3c − 14) = 0
4g − 2f + 3 = 0 ⇨[c − 1] = 0 or (3c − 14) = 0 c = 1 or c =
⇨ 𝟒𝐠 − 𝟐𝐟 + 𝟑 = 𝟎 … … … . (𝟒)

Q.No:18 & 19 Circle Q.No:18 & 19 Circle

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 AIMS TUTORIAL.IN MATHEMAITCS -2B AIMS TUTORIAL.IN MATHEMAITCS -2B

9. Find the equation of the circle whose Centre lies on X-axis and passing
through (-2, 3), (4, 5)
Given centre (−g, −f) lies on X − axis
Sol: Let A (-2, 3), B (4, 5)
⇨Y − coordinate is zero i. e. , 𝐟 = 𝟎
Let the required eq’’n of the circle be
sub f = 0 in eq n(3)
𝐒 ≡ 𝐱𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟐𝐠𝐱 + 𝟐𝐟𝐲 + 𝐜 = 𝟎 …(s)
⇨3g + 0 + 7 = 0
A (-2, 3) lies on (s)
⇨3g = −7
⇨ (−2) + (3) + 2g(−2) + 2f(3) + c = 0
𝟕
⇨ 𝐠 = −𝟑
4 + 9 − 4g + 6f + c = 0

−𝟒𝐠 + 𝟔𝐟 + 𝐜 + 𝟏𝟑 = 𝟎 … … … . (𝟏)
Sub ′g′ and ′f′ values in eq’n (1)

B (4, 5) lies on (s) ⇨ −4(− ) + 6(0) + c + 13 = 0

⇨ (4) + (5) + 2g(4) + 2f(5) + c = 0 ⇨ + 13 + c = 0 ⇨ c = =−

16 + 25 + 8g + 10f + c = 0 sub the values of ′g′, ′f′ and ′c′ in (∗)
𝟖𝐠 + 𝟏𝟎𝐟 + 𝐜 + 𝟒𝟏 = 𝟎 … … … (𝟐)
x +y +2 − x + 2(0)y + ( − ) = 0

Solving eq’’n (1) & (2) ∴ 𝟑(𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 ) − 𝟏𝟒𝐱 − 𝟔𝟕 = 𝟎

−4g + 6f + c + 13 = 0

8g + 10f + c + 41 = 0

−12g − 4f − 28 = 0 {÷ by − 4}

⇨ 𝟑𝐠 + 𝐟 + 𝟕 = 𝟎 … … … . (𝟑)

Q.No:18 & 19 Circle Q.No:18 & 19 Circle

8
 AIMS TUTORIAL.IN MATHEMAITCS -2B AIMS TUTORIAL.IN MATHEMAITCS -2B

10. Find the equation of the circle passing through points

(4, 1), (6, 5) and whose Centre lies on the line 𝟒𝐱 + 𝟑𝐲 − 𝟐𝟒 = 𝟎.
Solving eq’’n (3) & (4)
Sol: Let A (4, 1), B (6, 5)
1 2 11 1
Let the required eq’’n of the circle be
4 3 24 4
𝐒 ≡ 𝐱𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟐𝐠𝐱 + 𝟐𝐟𝐲 + 𝐜 = 𝟎 …. .. (s)
(g, f)= , = − ,−
A (4, 1) lies on (s)

⇨ (4) + (1) + 2g(4) + 2f(1) + c = 0 = (−3, −4)

16 + 1 + 8g + 2f + c = 0 Sub ′g′ and ′f′ values in eq’n (1)

𝟖𝐠 + 𝟐𝐟 + 𝐜 + 𝟏𝟕 = 𝟎 … … … . (𝟏) ⇨ 8(−3) + 2(−4) + c + 17 = 0

⇨−24 − 8 + 17 + c = 0 ⇨ c = 15

B (6, 5) lies on (s) sub the values of ′g′ , ′f′ and ′c′ in (∗)

⇨ (6) + (5) + 2g(6) + 2f(5) + c = 0 x + y + 2(−3)x + 2(−4)y + (15) = 0

36 + 25 + 12g + 10f + c = 0 ∴ 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟔𝐱 − 𝟖𝐲 + 𝟏𝟓 = 𝟎.
𝟏𝟐𝐠 + 𝟏𝟎𝐟 + 𝐜 + 𝟔𝟏 = 𝟎 … … … (𝟐)

Solving eq’’n (1) & (2)

8g + 2f + c + 17 = 0

12g + 10f + c + 61 = 0

−4g − 8f − 44 = 0 {÷ by − 4}

⇨ 𝟏𝐠 + 𝟐𝐟 + 𝟏𝟏 = 𝟎 … … … . (𝟑)

Given centre (−g, −f)lieson 4x + 3y − 24 = 0

⇨4(−g) + 3(−f) − 24 = 0

⇨𝟒𝐠 + 𝟑𝐟 + 𝟐𝟒 = 𝟎 … … … (𝟒)

Q.No:18 & 19 Circle Q.No:18 & 19 Circle

9
 AIMS TUTORIAL.IN MATHEMAITCS -2B AIMS TUTORIAL.IN MATHEMAITCS -2B

11. Find the equation of the circle passing through points

(4, 1), (6, 5) and whose Centre lies on the line 𝟒𝐱 + 𝐲 − 𝟏𝟔 = 𝟎.
Solving eq’’n (3) & (4)
Sol: Let A (4, 1), B (6, 5)
1 2 11 1
Let the required eq’’n of the circle be
4 1 16 4
𝐒 ≡ 𝐱𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟐𝐠𝐱 + 𝟐𝐟𝐲 + 𝐜 = 𝟎 …. .. (s)
(g, f)= , = − ,−
A (4, 1) lies on (s)

⇨ (4) + (1) + 2g(4) + 2f(1) + c = 0 = (−3, −4)

16 + 1 + 8g + 2f + c = 0 Sub ′g′ and ′f′ values in eq’n (1)

𝟖𝐠 + 𝟐𝐟 + 𝐜 + 𝟏𝟕 = 𝟎 … … … . (𝟏) ⇨ 8(−3) + 2(−4) + c + 17 = 0

⇨−24 − 8 + 17 + c = 0 ⇨ c = 15

B (6, 5) lies on (s) sub the values of ′g′ , ′f′ and ′c′ in (∗)

⇨ (6) + (5) + 2g(6) + 2f(5) + c = 0 x + y + 2(−3)x + 2(−4)y + (15) = 0

36 + 25 + 12g + 10f + c = 0 ∴ 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟔𝐱 − 𝟖𝐲 + 𝟏𝟓 = 𝟎.
𝟏𝟐𝐠 + 𝟏𝟎𝐟 + 𝐜 + 𝟔𝟏 = 𝟎 … … … (𝟐)

Solving eq’’n (1) & (2)

8g + 2f + c + 17 = 0

12g + 10f + c + 61 = 0

−4g − 8f − 44 = 0 {÷ by − 4}

⇨ 𝟏𝐠 + 𝟐𝐟 + 𝟏𝟏 = 𝟎 … … … . (𝟑)

Given centre (−g, −f)lieson 4x + y − 16 = 0

⇨4(−g) + (−f) − 16 = 0

⇨𝟒𝐠 + 𝐟 + 𝟏𝟔 = 𝟎 … … … (𝟒)

Q.No:18 & 19 Circle Q.No:18 & 19 Circle

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 AIMS TUTORIAL.IN MATHEMAITCS -2B AIMS TUTORIAL.IN MATHEMAITCS -2B

12. Find the equation of the circle passing through points

(2, -3), (-4, 5) and whose Centre lies on the line 𝟒𝐱 + 𝟑𝐲 + 𝟏 = 𝟎.
Solving eq’’n (3) & (4)
Sol: Let A (2, -3), B (-4, 5)
3 -4 -7 3
Let the required eq’’n of the circle be
4 3 -1 4
𝐒 ≡ 𝐱𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟐𝐠𝐱 + 𝟐𝐟𝐲 + 𝐜 = 𝟎 …. .. (s)
(g, f)= , = ,−
A (2, -3) lies on (s)

⇨ (2) + (−3) + 2g(2) + 2f(−3) + c = 0 = (1, −1)

4 + 9 + 4g − 6f + c = 0 Sub ′g′ and ′f′ values in eq’n (1)

𝟒𝐠 − 𝟔𝐟 + 𝐜 + 𝟏𝟑 = 𝟎 … … … . (𝟏) ⇨ 4(1) − 6(−1) + c + 13 = 0

⇨4 + 6 + 13 + c = 0 ⇨ c = −23

B (-4, 5) lies on (s) sub the values of ′g′ , ′f′ and ′c′ in (∗)

⇨ (−4) + (5) + 2g(−4) + 2f(5) + c = 0 x + y + 2(1)x + 2(−1)y + (−23) = 0

16 + 25 + 12g + 10f + c = 0 ∴ 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟐𝐱 − 𝟐𝐲 − 𝟐𝟑 = 𝟎.
−𝟖𝐠 + 𝟏𝟎𝐟 + 𝐜 + 𝟒𝟏 = 𝟎 … … … (𝟐)
(H/w) Find the equation of the circle which passes through the vertices of
the triangle formed by 𝐱 + 𝐲 + 𝟏 = 𝟎, 𝟑𝐱 + 𝐲 − 𝟓 = 𝟎, 𝟐𝐱 + 𝐲 − 𝟓 = 𝟎.
(∴ 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟑𝟎𝐱 − 𝟏𝟎𝐲 + 𝟐𝟓 = 𝟎.)
Solving eq’’n (1) & (2)

4g − 6f + c + 13 = 0

−8g + 10f + c + 41 = 0

12g − 16f − 28 = 0 {÷ by 4}

⇨ 𝟑𝐠 − 𝟒𝐟 − 𝟕 = 𝟎 … … … . (𝟑)

Given centre (−g, −f)lieson 4x + 3y + 1 = 0

⇨4(−g) + 3(−f) + 1 = 0

⇨𝟒𝐠 + 𝟑𝐟 − 𝟏 = 𝟎 … … … (𝟒)

Q.No:18 & 19 Circle Q.No:18 & 19 Circle

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 AIMS TUTORIAL.IN MATHEMAITCS -2B AIMS TUTORIAL.IN MATHEMAITCS -2B

MODEL:-2 2. Show that the circles 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟒𝐱 − 𝟔𝐲 − 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟎, 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟔𝐱 +

𝟏𝟖𝐲 + 𝟐𝟔 = 𝟎 touch each other. Find the point of contact and eq’’n of
1. Show that the circles 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟔𝐱 − 𝟐𝐲 + 𝟏 = 𝟎, 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟐𝐱 − tangent at point of contact.
𝟖𝐲 + 𝟏𝟑 = 𝟎 touch each other. Find the point of contact and eq’’n of
tangent at point of contact. Sol: eq’’n s of the given circles
Sol: eq’’n s of the given circles S ≡ x + y − 4x − 6y − 12 = 0 … . . (1)

S ≡ x + y − 6x − 2y + 1 = 0 … . . (1) S′ ≡ x + y + 6x + 18y + 26 = 0 … . . (2)

S′ ≡ x + y + 2x − 8y + 13 = 0 … . . (2) 𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐬 (−𝐠, −𝐟): C (2, 3) = (𝑥 , 𝑦 ), C (−3, −9) = (𝑥 , 𝑦 )

𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐬 (−𝐠, −𝐟): C (3, 1) = (𝑥 , 𝑦 ), C (−1, 4) = (𝑥 , 𝑦 ) 𝐫𝐚𝐝𝐢𝐮𝐬(𝐫) = 𝐠𝟐 + 𝐟 𝟐 − 𝐜

𝐫𝐚𝐝𝐢𝐮𝐬(𝐫) = 𝐠𝟐 + 𝐟 𝟐 − 𝐜

𝑟 = √3 + 1 − 1 = √3 = 3 𝑟 = √2 + 3 + 12 = √4 + 9 + 12 = 5

𝑟 = √1 + 4 − 13 = √17 − 13 = √4 = 2 𝑟 = √3 + 9 − 26 = √9 + 81 − 26 = √64 = 8

𝐶𝐶 = (𝑥 − 𝑥 ) + (𝑦 − 𝑦 )

= (−1 − 3) + (4 − 1) 𝐶𝐶 = (𝑥 − 𝑥 ) + (𝑦 − 𝑦 )

= (−4) + (3) = √25 =5 = (−3 − 2) + (9 − 3)

𝑪𝟏 𝑪𝟐 = 𝒓𝟏 + 𝒓𝟐 = (−5) + (−12) = √25 + 144 =√169=13

𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒄𝒊𝒓𝒄𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝒕𝒐𝒖𝒄𝒉 𝒆𝒂𝒄𝒉 𝒐𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒆𝒙𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒏𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒚. 𝑪𝟏 𝑪𝟐 = 𝒓𝟏 + 𝒓𝟐 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒄𝒊𝒓𝒄𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝒕𝒐𝒖𝒄𝒉 𝒆𝒂𝒄𝒉 𝒐𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒆𝒙𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒏𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒚.

𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝑝 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝐶 𝐶 Internally in the ratio 𝑟 : 𝑟 = 3: 2 = 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝑝 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝐶 𝐶 Internally in the ratio 𝑟 : 𝑟 = 5: 8 =
𝑚: 𝑛 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
𝑚: 𝑛 P= , = ,
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
P= , = ,
= , = ,

= , = , 𝑒𝑞 𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑡 𝑝 𝑖𝑠 𝑠 − 𝑠 = 0

𝑒𝑞 𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑡 𝑝 𝑖𝑠 𝑠 − 𝑠 = 0 x + y − 4x − 6y − 12 = 0

x + y − 6x − 2y + 1 = 0 x + y + 6x + 18y + 26 = 0

x + y + 2x − 8y + 13 = 0 -10x-246y -38=0 {÷ −2}

-8x+6y -12=0 {÷ −2} ∴ 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟑𝒚 + 𝟔 = 𝟎. ∴ 𝟓𝒙 + 𝟏𝟐𝒚 + 𝟏𝟗 = 𝟎.

Q.No:18 & 19 Circle Q.No:18 & 19 Circle

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 AIMS TUTORIAL.IN MATHEMAITCS -2B AIMS TUTORIAL.IN MATHEMAITCS -2B

3. Show that the circles 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟔𝐱 − 𝟗𝐲 + 𝟏𝟑 = 𝟎, 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟐𝐱 − 4. S .T the circles 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟒𝐱 − 𝟔𝐲 − 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟎, 𝟓(𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 ) − 𝟖𝐱 − 𝟏𝟒𝐲 −

𝟏𝟔𝐲 = 𝟎 touch each other. Find the point of contact and eq’’n of tangent 𝟑𝟐 = 𝟎. Touch each other. Find the point of contact and eq’’n of tangent at
at point of contact. point of contact.
Sol: eq’’n s of the given circles Sol: eq’’n s of the given circles
S ≡ x + y − 6x − 9y − 13 = 0 … . . (1) S ≡ x + y − 4x − 6y − 12 = 0 … . . (1)

S ≡ x + y − 2x − 16y = 0 … . . (2) S′ ≡ x + y − x − y − 32 = 0 … . . (2)

𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐬 (−𝐠, −𝐟): C 3, = (𝑥 , 𝑦 ), C (1, 8) = (𝑥 , 𝑦 ) 𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐬 (−𝐠, −𝐟): C (2, 3), C , = (𝑥 , 𝑦 )

𝐫𝐚𝐝𝐢𝐮𝐬(𝐫) = 𝐠𝟐 + 𝐟 𝟐 − 𝐜
𝐫𝐚𝐝𝐢𝐮𝐬(𝐫) = 𝐠𝟐 + 𝐟 𝟐 − 𝐜

𝑟 = 3 + − 13 = 9+ − 13
𝑟 = √2 + 3 + 12 = √4 + 9 + 12 = 5
√
= =
𝑟 = ( ) +( ) + = = = √9 = 3
𝑟 = √1 + 8 − 0 = √1 + 64 = √65

𝐶𝐶 = (𝑥 − 𝑥 ) + (𝑦 − 𝑦 ) = (1 − 3) + 8 −
𝐶𝐶 = (𝑥 − 𝑥 ) + (𝑦 − 𝑦 )

√
= (−2) + (− ) = 4+ = = −2 + −3

𝑪𝟏 𝑪𝟐 = |𝒓𝟏 − 𝒓𝟐 | 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒄𝒊𝒓𝒄𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝒕𝒐𝒖𝒄𝒉 𝒆𝒂𝒄𝒉 𝒐𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒏𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒚.

= (− ) + (− ) = = =√4 =2
𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝑝 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝐶 𝐶 Externally in the ratio 𝑟 : 𝑟 =
√
: √65 = 1: 2 = 𝑚: 𝑛 𝑪𝟏 𝑪𝟐 = |𝒓𝟏 − 𝒓𝟐 | 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒄𝒊𝒓𝒄𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝒕𝒐𝒖𝒄𝒉 𝒆𝒂𝒄𝒉 𝒐𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒏𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒚.

𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝑝 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝐶 𝐶 Externally in the ratio

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
P= , = , = , = (5, 1)

𝑒𝑞 𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑡 𝑝 𝑖𝑠 𝑠 − 𝑠 = 0 𝑟 : 𝑟 = 5: 3 = 𝑚: 𝑛

x + y − 6x − 9y + 13 = 0 ( ) ( )
P= , = ,
x + y − 2x − 16y = 0

-4x+7y +13=0 {÷ −} ∴ 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟕𝒚 − 𝟏𝟑 = 𝟎. = , = − , = (1, 1)

Q.No:18 & 19 Circle Q.No:18 & 19 Circle

13
 AIMS TUTORIAL.IN MATHEMAITCS -2B AIMS TUTORIAL.IN MATHEMAITCS -2B

𝑒𝑞 𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑡 𝑝 𝑖𝑠 5𝑠 − 𝑠 = 0

5x + 5y − 20x − 30y − 60 = 0 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑚 𝑏𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡

5x + 5y − 8x − 14y − 32 = 0 Eq’’n of tangent is (𝑦 − 𝑦 ) = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥 ) 𝑝(1, )

-12x-16y -28=0 {÷ −4} 𝟗
⇨ 𝒚− = 𝒎(𝒙 − 𝟏) … … … (𝟏)
𝟐
∴ 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 + 𝟕 = 𝟎.
( )
⇨ = 𝑚(𝑥 − 1) ⇨ 2𝑚𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 2𝑚 + 9 = 0

5. Find the transverse common tangents of the circles 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟒𝐱 − 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑟 =⊥ 𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
𝟏𝟎𝐲 + 𝟐𝟖 = 𝟎, 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟒𝐱 − 𝟔𝐲 + 𝟒 = 𝟎. 𝑟 =⊥ 𝑙𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝐶 (2, 5)𝑡𝑜 (1)
Sol: eq’’n s of the given circles | | | ( ) ( ) |
𝑑= ⇨ =1
√ ( ) ( )
S ≡ x + y − 4x − 10y + 28 = 0 … . . (1) S ≡ x + y + 4x − 6y + 4 =
0 … . . (2) ⇨
| |
=1 S.O.B.S ⇨ (2𝑚 − 1) = 4𝑚 + 4
√
𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐬 (−𝐠, −𝐟): C (2, 5) = (𝑥 , 𝑦 ), , C (−2, 3) = (𝑥 , 𝑦 )
⇨ 4𝑚 + 1 − 4𝑚 = 4𝑚 + 4 𝑚=∞=
𝐫𝐚𝐝𝐢𝐮𝐬(𝐫) = 𝐠𝟐 + 𝐟 𝟐 − 𝐜
⇨ −3 = 4𝑚 𝑜𝑟 𝑚 = −
𝑟 = √2 + 5 − 28 = √4 + 25 − 28 = 1 , 𝑟 = √2 + 3 − 4 =
√4 + 9 − 4 = √9 = 3
𝐶𝑎𝑠𝑒(𝑖𝑖)𝑚 = − 𝑠𝑢𝑏 𝑖𝑛 (1)
𝐶𝐶 = (𝑥 − 𝑥 ) + (𝑦 − 𝑦 )
𝐶𝑎𝑠𝑒(1) 𝑚 = 0 𝑠𝑢𝑏 𝑖𝑛 (1)
= (−2 − 2) + (3 − 5) 𝑦− = − (𝑥 − 1)
𝑦− = (𝑥 − 1)
= (−4) + (−2) = √16 + 4 =√20 ⇨4𝑦 − 18 = −3𝑥 + 3
𝒙−𝟏= 𝟎
𝑪𝟏 𝑪𝟐 > 𝒓𝟏 + 𝒓𝟐 There exits two transverse common tangents 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚 − 𝟐𝟏 = 𝟎.

𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝐶 𝐶 Internally in the ratio

𝑟 : 𝑟 = 1: 3 = 𝑚: 𝑛
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (H/W) Find the equations of all possible common tangents of the circles
P= , = ,
𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟐𝐱 − 𝟔𝐲 + 𝟔 = 𝟎,
= , = , = (1, ) 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 = 𝟏. {𝒚 − 𝟏 = 𝟎, 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚 − 𝟓 = 𝟎, 𝒙 + 𝟏 = 𝟎, 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟑𝒚 − 𝟓 = 𝟎}

Q.No:18 & 19 Circle Q.No:18 & 19 Circle

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 AIMS TUTORIAL.IN MATHEMAITCS -2B AIMS TUTORIAL.IN MATHEMAITCS -2B

6. Find the direct common tangents of the circles 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟐𝟐𝐱 − 𝟒𝐲 − ⇨ 𝑚𝑥 − 𝑦 − 22𝑚 − 4 = 0

𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟎, 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟐𝟐𝐱 + 𝟒𝐲 + 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟎.
𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑟 = 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝐶 𝑡𝑜 (1)
Sol: eq’’n s of the given circles | | | ( ) ( ) |
𝑑= = =5
√ ( ) ( )
S ≡ x + y + 22x— 4y − 100 = 0 … . . (1) S′ ≡ x + y − 22x + 4y +
100 = 0 … . . (2) | |
⇨ =5 S.O.B.S
√
𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐬 (−𝐠, −𝐟): C (−11, 2) = (𝑥 , 𝑦 ), C (11, −2) = (𝑥 , 𝑦 )
⇨ (11𝑚 + 2) = 25(𝑚 + 1)
𝐫𝐚𝐝𝐢𝐮𝐬(𝐫) = 𝐠𝟐 + 𝐟𝟐 −𝐜 ⇨ 121𝑚 + 4 + 44𝑚 = 25𝑚 + 25
𝑟 = √11 + 2 + 100 = √121 + 4 + 100 ⇨ 96𝑚 + 44𝑚 − 21 = 0

= √225 = 15 ⇨ 96𝑚 + 72𝑚 − 28𝑚 − 21 = 0

𝑟 = √11 + 4 − 100 = √121 + 4 − 100 ⇨ 24𝑚(4𝑚 + 3) − 7(4𝑚 + 3) = 0

= √25 = 5 ⇨ (24𝑚 − 7)(4𝑚 + 3) = 0

(24𝑚 − 7) = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (4𝑚 + 3) = 0

𝐶𝐶 = (𝑥 − 𝑥 ) + (𝑦 − 𝑦 )
𝟕 𝟑
(11 + 11) + (−2 − 2) 𝒎= ,𝒎 = −
= 𝟐𝟒 𝟒

= (22) + (−4) = √484 + 16 =√500 ∴ 𝑒𝑞 𝑛𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒

𝟕 𝟑
𝑪𝟏 𝑪𝟐 > 𝒓𝟏 + 𝒓𝟐 There exits two direct common tangents 𝒄𝒂𝒔𝒆(𝒊)𝒎 = Case (ii) 𝒎 = −
𝟐𝟒 𝟒

𝐸𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝐶 𝐶 Internally in the ratio (𝑦 + 4) = (𝑥 − 22) (𝑦 + 4) = (𝑥 − 22)

𝑟 : 𝑟 = 15: 3 = 3: 1 = 𝑚: 𝑛
⇨ 24𝑦 + 96 = 7𝑥 − 156 ⇨ 4𝑦 + 16 = −3𝑥 + 66
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
P= , = , 7𝑥 − 24𝑦 − 250 = 0. 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 50 = 0.

= , = , = (22, −4)
𝟑𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚 − 𝟓𝟎 = 𝟎 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟕𝒙 − 𝟐𝟒𝒚 − 𝟐𝟓𝟎 = 𝟎.
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑚 𝑏𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡
(H/W) Find the all common tangents of the circles
Eq’’n of tangent is (𝑦 − 𝑦 ) = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥 ) 𝑝(22, −4)
𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 = 𝟗,
⇨(𝒚 + 𝟒) = 𝒎(𝒙 − 𝟐𝟐) … … … (𝟏)
𝒚 − 𝟑 = 𝟎, 𝟏𝟐𝒙 + 𝟓𝒚 − 𝟑𝟗 = 𝟎,
𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟏𝟔𝐱 + 𝟐𝐲 + 𝟒𝟗 = 𝟎.
⇨ (𝑦 + 4) = 𝑚𝑥 − 22𝑚 𝟏𝟔𝒙 + 𝟔𝟑𝒚 + 𝟏𝟗𝟓 = 𝟎, 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟑𝒚 − 𝟏𝟓 = 𝟎

Q.No:18 & 19 Circle Q.No:18 & 19 Circle

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 AIMS TUTORIAL.IN MATHEMAITCS -2B AIMS TUTORIAL.IN MATHEMAITCS -2B

7. Show that four common tangents can be drawn for the circles given by MODEL:-3
𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟏𝟒𝐱 + 𝟔𝐲 + 𝟑𝟑 = 𝟎, 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟑𝟎𝐱 − 𝟐𝐲 + 𝟏 = 𝟎.
8. Find the equation of the circles which touch
Sol: Given circles
2x-3y+1=0 at (1, 1) and having radius√𝟏𝟑.
S ≡ 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟏𝟒𝐱 + 𝟔𝐲 + 𝟑𝟑 = 𝟎, S′ ≡ 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟑𝟎𝐱 − 𝟐𝐲 + 𝟏 = 𝟎.
Sol: given two circles touch the line
2𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 1 = 0 … … … (1)
𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐬 (−𝐠, −𝐟): C (7, −3) = (𝑥 , 𝑦 ), C (−15, 1) = (𝑥 , 𝑦 ) 𝐴𝑡 𝑃(1, 1) 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 (𝑟) = √13
The Centre’s 𝐶 , 𝐶 𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑛 𝑎 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 ⊥ 𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑡𝑜 (1)𝑎𝑡 𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑟 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚
𝐫𝐚𝐝𝐢𝐮𝐬(𝐫) = 𝐠𝟐 + 𝐟 𝟐 − 𝐜
𝑃(𝑥 , 𝑦 ) = (1, 1)
𝑟 = √49 + 9 − 33 = √25 =5 Slope of (1) = - ( ) =

𝑟 = √225 + 1 − 1 = √225 = 15 Slope of line 𝐶 𝐶 =

𝑚 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 =
𝐶𝐶 = (𝑥 − 𝑥 ) + (𝑦 − 𝑦 )
⇒𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 =
√ √
= (7 + 15) + (−3 − 1) The centers 𝐶 , 𝐶 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑏𝑒 𝑤𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑛 𝑎𝑠
𝑎 = 𝑥 ± 𝑟𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃, 𝑏 = 𝑦 ± 𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
= (22) + (−4) = √484 + 16 =√500

𝑪𝟏 𝑪𝟐 > 𝒓𝟏 + 𝒓𝟐 There exits two direct common tangents and two transverse = 1 ± √13 , 1 ± √13 = {1±(−2), 1 ± 3}
√ √
common tangents

𝐸𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑟 : 𝑟 = 5: 15 = 1: 3 = 𝑚: 𝑛 = (1-2, 1+3) and (1+2, 1-3)

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
P= , = , = (-1, 4) and (3, -2)

= , = , = (18, −5) Eq’’n of the circle with 𝐶 (−1, 4)

𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟 = √13
(𝒙 − 𝒂)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝒃)𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐
𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑟 : 𝑟 = 5: 15 = 1: 3 = 𝑚: 𝑛 ⇒ (𝑥 + 1) +(𝑦 − 4) = √13
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ⇒ 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟐𝐱 − 𝟖𝐲 + 𝟒 = 𝟎
P= , = ,

Eq’’n of the circle with 𝐶 (3, −2)

= , = , = ( , −2)
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟 = √13
(𝒙 − 𝒂)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝒃)𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐

⇒ (𝑥 − 3) + (𝑦 + 2) = √13 ⇒ 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟔𝐱 + 𝟒𝐲 = 𝟎.

Q.No:18 & 19 Circle Q.No:18 & 19 Circle

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 AIMS TUTORIAL.IN MATHEMAITCS -2B AIMS TUTORIAL.IN MATHEMAITCS -2B

9. Show that the poles of tangents to the circle x2+y2=a2 w.r.to the circle 10. If 𝛉𝟏 , 𝛉𝟐 are the angles of inclination of tangents through a point
(x + a) 2+y2=2a2 lie on y2+4ax=0. p to the circle x2+y2 = a2, then find locus of p when cot𝛉𝟏 + 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝛉𝟐 =k.
Sol: Given circles Sol: given equation of the circle x2+y2=a2………. (1)
𝑥 2+𝑦2=r2…… (1) : Let P(x1, y1) be the any point on the locus
x 2+y2 +2𝑎𝑥 - a2=0…. (2)
Equation of tangent through p with slope ‘m’ is
Let P(𝑥 , 𝑦 ) be the pole of the tangents to the circle (1) w. r. t the circle (2) y=𝒎𝒙 ± 𝒂√𝟏 + 𝒎𝟐

Now the polar of p w.r.t to S=0 is S1=0 This passes through P(𝑥 , 𝑦 )
⇒xx1+yy1+a(x+x1) - a2 =0 ⇒ 𝑌 =𝑚𝑥 ± 𝑎√1 + 𝑚
⇒𝑥(𝑥 + 𝑎) + 𝑦𝑦 + (𝑎𝑥 − 𝑎 ) = 0…. (1)
⇒ 𝑌 -𝑚𝑥 = ±𝑎√1 + 𝑚 S.O.B
⇒ (𝑌 − 𝑚𝑥 ) = (±𝑎√1 + 𝑚 )
𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
⇒𝑦 +𝑚 𝑥 − 2𝑚𝑥 𝑦 = 𝑎 (1 + 𝑚 )
𝑟 = 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 (1) ⇒𝑦 +𝑚 𝑥 − 2𝑚𝑥 𝑦 = 𝑎 + 𝑎 𝑚 )
| |
⇒(𝑥 − 𝑎 )𝑚 − (2𝑥 𝑦 )𝑚 + (𝑦 − 𝑎 ) = 0{𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0}
𝑑=
√
Where m1, m2 be the slopes of the tangents which make angles
𝜃 , 𝜃 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑋 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠
𝑎= m1=tan𝜃 , m2=tan𝜃 𝑚 +𝑚 =− ,𝑚 𝑚 =
( )

⇨ 𝑎 (𝑥 + 𝑎) + 𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 − 𝑎) S.O.B Given cot𝛉𝟏 + 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝛉𝟐 =k.

⇨(𝑥 + 𝑎) + 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 𝑎)
⇒ + =𝑘
⇨𝑥 + 𝑎 + 2𝑎𝑥 + 𝑦 =𝑥 + 𝑎 − 2𝑎𝑥
⇒ + =𝑘
⇨𝑦 + 4𝑎𝑥 = 0
⇒ =𝑘
The pole of the tangents to the circle (1) w. r. t the circle (2)lie on the curve ⇒𝑚 + 𝑚 = 𝑘𝑚 𝑚
𝑦 + 4𝑎𝑥 = 0 ⇒ =𝑘
⇒2𝑥 𝑦 = 𝑘(𝑦 −𝑎 )

∴ The equation of locus of P(x1, y1) is

𝟐𝒙𝒚 = 𝒌(𝒚𝟐 − 𝒂𝟐 )

Q.No:18 & 19 Circle Q.No:18 & 19 Circle

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 AIMS TUTORIAL.IN MATHEMAITCS -2B AIMS TUTORIAL.IN MATHEMAITCS -2B

12. Find the pair of tangents drawn from (1, 3) to the circle
𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟐𝐱 + 𝟒𝐲 − 𝟏𝟏 = 𝟎 and also find the angle b/w them.
11. Prove that the combined equation of the pair of tangents drawn
Sol: Given eq’’n of the circle
from an external point p (𝐱 𝟏 , 𝐲𝟏 ) to the circle S=0 is𝐒𝟏 𝟐 = 𝐒𝐒𝟏𝟏 .
S ≡ x + y − 2x + 4y − 11 = 0
P (1, 3) = (𝑥 , 𝑦 )
Sol: Suppose that the tangents drawn from P to the circle S=0 touch the
𝑆 = 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 + 𝑔(𝑥 + 𝑥 ) + 𝑓(𝑦+𝑦 ) + 𝑐
circle at A and B the equation of AB is 𝑆 = 0.

⇨𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 + 𝑔(𝑥 + 𝑥 ) + 𝑓(𝑦 + 𝑦 ) + 𝑐 = 0… (1) 𝑆 = 1𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 1(𝑥 + 1) + 2(𝑦 + 3) − 11

𝑆 = 𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 𝑥 − 1 + 2𝑦 + 6 − 11
Let Q (x , y ) be any point on these tangents. Now the locus of Q will be the
equation of pair of tangents drawn from P. 𝑆 = 5𝑦 − 6
The segment PQ is divided by the line AB in the ratio -𝑆 : 𝑆 or 𝑆 : 𝑆
𝑆11 = 𝐱𝟏 𝟐 + 𝐲𝟏 𝟐 + 𝟐𝐠𝐱𝟏 + 𝟐𝐟𝐲𝟏 + 𝐜

= …….(2)
P(x, y)
But 𝑃𝐵 = 𝑆 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑄𝐵 = 𝑆 = (1) + (3) − 2(1) + 4(3) − 11

𝑆 =9
∴ = ……. (3)
𝐸𝑞’𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑆 = 𝑆𝑆
From (2), (3) we get = S.O.B P(x, y)
(5𝑦 − 6) = ( x + y − 2x + 4y − 11)(9)

⇨25𝑦 + 36 − 60𝑦 = 9x + 9y − 18x + 36y − 99

⇒ =
⇒𝑆 𝑆 = 𝑆 9x − 16y − 18x + 96y − 135 = 0
Hence the equation of the locus of | |
Required angle cos 𝜃 =
( ) ( )

Q (x , y ) is S = SS . | |
cos 𝜃 =
( ) ( )
{∵ (x , y ) replaced by (x, y)} | |
cos 𝜃 =

Q.No:18 & 19 Circle Q.No:18 & 19 Circle

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 AIMS TUTORIAL.IN MATHEMAITCS -2B AIMS TUTORIAL.IN MATHEMAITCS -2B

14. Find the eq’’n of the circle which touches the circle
13. Find the eq’’n of the circle which touches the circle 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟐𝐱 − 𝟒𝐲 − 𝟐𝟎 = 𝟎 at (5, 5) externally with radius 5.
𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟒𝐱 + 𝟔𝐲 − 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟎 At (-1, 1) internally with radius 2.
Sol: S ≡ x + y − 2x − 4y − 20 = 0 … . . (1)
Sol: S ≡ x + y − 4x + 6y − 12 = 0 … . . (1)
𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐬 (−𝐠, −𝐟): C (1, 2)
𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐬 (−𝐠, −𝐟): C (2, −3)
𝐫𝐚𝐝𝐢𝐮𝐬(𝐫) = 𝐠𝟐 + 𝐟 𝟐 − 𝐜
𝐫𝐚𝐝𝐢𝐮𝐬(𝐫) = 𝐠𝟐 + 𝐟𝟐 −𝐜
𝑟 = √1 + 2 + 20 = √25 = 5
𝑟 = √2 + 3 + 12 = √4 + 9 + 12
𝑙𝑒𝑡 C (𝑥, 𝑦)be the centre and 𝑟 be the radius of the required circle.
= √25 = 5
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑡𝑜𝑢𝑐ℎ 𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑦, 𝑤𝑒 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒
𝑙𝑒𝑡 C be the centre and 𝑟 be the radius of the required circle.
C C = r + r = 5 + 5 = 10 ℎ𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 P is the midpoint of C C
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑡𝑜𝑢𝑐ℎ 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑦, 𝑤𝑒 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒

C C = r −r = 5−2 = 3
Where P (5, 5)= ,
Hence C divides C P in the ratio 3: 2 internally, where P(-1, 1)
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ⇨ = 5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 =5
C = , =( , − )
1 + 𝑎 = 10 𝑎𝑛𝑑 2 + 𝑏 = 10
eq n of the required circle is
⇨𝑎 = 9 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏=8
(𝐱 − 𝐚)𝟐 + (𝐲 − 𝐛)𝟐 = (𝐫)𝟐
eq n of the required circle is
⇨ (x − ) + (y + ) = (2)
(𝐱 − 𝐚)𝟐 + (𝐲 − 𝐛)𝟐 = (𝐫)𝟐
⇨x + − +y + + =4 ⇨ (x − 9) + (y − 8) = (5)

⇨ 25x + 1 − 10x + 25y + 9 + 30y = 100 ⇨ x + 81 − 18x + y + 64 − 16y = 25

⇨ 5x +5y − 2x + 6y − 18 = 0 ⇨ x +y − 18x − 16y + 120 = 0

Q.No:18 & 19 Circle Q.No:18 & 19 Circle

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 AIMS TUTORIAL.IN MATHEMAITCS -2B AIMS TUTORIAL.IN MATHEMAITCS -2B

15. From a point on the circle 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟐𝐠𝐱 + 𝟐𝐟𝐲 + 𝐜 = 𝟎 two 16. Find the locus of mid points of the chords of contact of
tangents are drawn to the circle 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 = 𝐫 𝟐 from the points lyng on he line 𝒍𝒙 + 𝒎𝒚 + 𝒏 = 𝟎.
𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟐𝐠𝐱 + 𝟐𝐟𝐲 + 𝐜𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝛂 + (𝐠 𝟐 + 𝐟 𝟐 )𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝛂 = 𝟎,
Prove that the angle between them is 2𝜶.
Sol: 17.

Given first circle S ≡ x + y + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 … . . (1)

centres (−g, −f)

radius(𝑟 ) = g +f −c

Given second circle

S′ ≡ x + y + 2gx + 2fy + c𝑠𝑖𝑛 α + (g + f )𝑐𝑜𝑠 α = 0,

centres (−g, −f)

radius(𝑟 ) = g + f − {c𝑠𝑖𝑛 α + (g + f )𝑐𝑜𝑠 α}

radius(𝑟 ) = (g + f )(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 α) − c𝑠𝑖𝑛 α

= (g + f )(𝑠𝑖𝑛 α) − c𝑠𝑖𝑛 α )

= 𝑠𝑖𝑛 α(g + f − c)

𝑟 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 . 𝑟

Let 𝜃 𝑏𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 PQ & PR

In 𝐶 𝑃𝑄 𝑠𝑖𝑛 =

.
𝑠𝑖𝑛 =

⇨𝑠𝑖𝑛 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼

𝜽
⇨ 𝟐 = 𝜶 ⇨ 𝜽 = 𝟐𝜶

Q.No:18 & 19 Circle Q.No:18 & 19 Circle

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 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

1. Derive the equation of the parabola 𝑦 = 4𝑎𝑥 in standard form. 2. Find the coordinates of the vertex and focus, the equation of the
Proof: directrix and axis of the parabola 𝒚𝟐 − 𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚 + 𝟓 = 𝟎.
 Let S be the focus, l=0 be the directrix of the parabola.
Sol: the given equation is 𝑦 − 𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 5 = 0
 Let P (𝑥 , 𝑦 ) be a point on the parabola.
 Let M, Z be the projections of the P, S on l=0 respectively. ⇨𝑦 + 4𝑦 = 𝑥 − 5 ⇨𝑦 + 4𝑦 + 2 = 𝑥 − 5 + 2
 Let N be the projection of p on SZ.
⇨(𝑦 + 2) = (𝑥 − 1)
 Let A be the midpoint of SZ, ⇨SA=AZ
Let SA=AZ=a, A is called vertex of the parabola. ⇨[𝑦 − (−2)] = (𝑥 − 1) Comparing with[𝑦 − 𝑘] = 4𝑎(𝑥 − ℎ)
 Take AS as X-axis and AY as Y-axis
We get, 4a=1⇨a=1/4 and (h, k) = (1, -2)

⇨A (0, 0), S (a, 0) and P (𝑥 , 𝑦 ) 1).Vertex (1, -2)

2). Focus (h + a, k) = (1+ , −2) = , −2
PM=NZ=NA+AZ=|𝑥 + 𝑎|
3). Equation of the directrix is 𝑥=h-a
⇨𝑥 = 1 − = ⇨ 4𝑥 − 3 = 0
4). Length of the latus rectum is 4a=1.
5).Eq’’n of axis 𝑦 − 𝛽 = 0 ⇨ 𝑦 + 2 = 0
3. Find the coordinates of the vertex and focus, the equation of the
directrix and axis of the parabola 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚 − 𝟑 = 𝟎.

Sol: the given equation is 𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 3 = 0

⇨𝑥 − 2𝑥 = −4𝑦 + 3

⇨𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 1 = −4𝑦 + 3 + 1

⇨(𝑥 − 1) = −4(𝑦 − 1) ⇨[𝑥 − 1] = −4(𝑦 − 1)

𝑺𝑷
From the definition of the parabola = 𝒆=1 Comparing with[𝑥 − ℎ] = −4𝑎(𝑦 − 𝑘)
𝑷𝑴

S.O.B We get, 4a=4⇨a=1 and (h, k) = (1, 1)

𝑆𝑃 = 𝑃𝑀 1. Vertex (1, 1)
(𝑥 − 𝑎) + (𝑦 − 0) = (𝑥 + 𝑎) 2. Focus(h, k-a)=(1, 1 − 1)=(1, 0)
⇨ 𝑥 + 𝑎 − 2𝑎𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 𝑎 + 2𝑎𝑥 3. Equation of the directrix is
𝑦=k+a ⇨𝑦 = 1 + 1 = 2 ⇨ 𝑦 − 2 = 0 = 0
⇨ 𝑦 = 4𝑎𝑥 4. Length of the latus rectum is 4a=4.
∴ 𝑇ℎ𝑢𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑎 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚 5. Eq’’n of axis𝑥 − 𝛼 = 0 ⇨ 𝑥 − 1 = 0.
𝑖𝑠 𝑦 = 4𝑎𝑥

Q.No: 20 Parabola Q.No: 20 Parabola

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 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

4. Find the equation of the parabola whose axis is parallel to the y-axis 5. Find the equation of the parabola whose axis is parallel to the x-axis
and passing through the points (4, 5), (-2, 11), (-4, 21). and passing through the points (-2, 1), (1, 2), (-1, 3).
Sol: The equation of the parabola whose axis is parallel to the y-axis Sol: Sol: The equation of the parabola whose axis is parallel to the
𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 … (∗) y-axis 𝑥 = 𝑎𝑦 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐 … (∗)
(4, 5) lies on (*) (-2, 1) lies on (*)
⇨ 5 = 𝑎(4) + 𝑏(4) + 𝑐 ⇨ −2 = 𝑎(1) + 𝑏(1) + 𝑐
⇨ 5 = 16𝑎 + 4𝑏 + 𝑐 … … (1) ⇨ −2 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 … … (1)

(-2, 11) lies on (*) (1, 2) lies on (*)

⇨ 11 = 𝑎(−2) + 𝑏(−2) + 𝑐 ⇨ 1 = 𝑎(2) + 𝑏(2) + 𝑐
⇨ 11 = 4𝑎 − 2𝑏 + 𝑐 … … (2) ⇨ 1 = 4𝑎 + 2𝑏 + 𝑐 … … (2)

(-4, 21) lies on (*) (-1, 3) lies on (*)

⇨ 21 = 𝑎(−4) + 𝑏(−4) + 𝑐 ⇨ −1 = 𝑎(3) + 𝑏(3) + 𝑐
⇨ 21 = 16𝑎 − 4𝑏 + 𝑐 … … (3) ⇨ −1 = 9𝑎 + 3𝑏 + 𝑐 … … (3)

Solving (1) & (2) solving (1) & (3) Solving (1) & (2) solving (1) & (3)
−2 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 −2 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐
5 = 16𝑎 + 4𝑏 + 𝑐 5 = 16𝑎 + 4𝑏 + 𝑐
1 = 4𝑎 + 2𝑏 + 𝑐 −1 = 9𝑎 + 3𝑏 + 𝑐
11 = 4𝑎 − 2𝑏 + 𝑐 21 = 16𝑎 − 4𝑏 + 𝑐 −3 = −3𝑎 − 𝑏 … . (4) -1=-8a-2b………(5)

−6 = 12𝑎 + 6𝑏 … . (4) -16=8b………(5)

Solving (4) & (5)
⇨ 𝑏 = −2 -3 -1 3 -3
𝑆𝑢𝑏 𝑏 = −2 𝑖𝑛 (4) -8 -2 1 -8
⇨−6 = 12𝑎 − 12
⇨ 12𝑎 = −6 + 12 = 6 (a, b)= , = , = − ,
⇨𝑎 = =
Substituting the values of a,b in (1) we get
Sub a, b in (1) ⇨ − + + 𝑐 = −2
⇨5= − 8 + 𝑐⇨𝑐 = 5 ⇨ 8 + 𝑐 = −2
Substituting the values of a,b and c in (*) we get the required equation ∴ 𝑐 = −10
of the parabola Substituting the values of a,b and c in (*) we get the required equation
𝑦 = 𝑥 + (−2)𝑥 + 5 of the parabola
⇨ 𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 4𝑥 + 10 = 0. 𝑦=− 𝑥 + − 𝑥 − 10
⇨ 5𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 21𝑥 + 20 = 0.

Q.No: 20 Parabola Q.No: 20 Parabola

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 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

6. Show that the equation of common tangents to the circle 7. Show that the equation of common tangents to the circle
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟐𝒂𝟐 And the parabola 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟖𝒂𝒙 are y=±(𝒙 + 𝟐𝒂). 𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒚𝟐 = 𝒂𝟐 And the parabola 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟒𝒂𝒙 intersect at the focus of
Sol: the parabola 𝒚𝟐 = −𝟒𝒂𝒙.
Given equation of the circle 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2𝑎 … (1) Sol:
𝑥 + 𝑦 = √2𝑎 , 𝑟 = √2𝑎 Given equation of the circle 2𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 𝑎 … (1)
𝑎 𝑎
Parabola 𝑦 = 8𝑎𝑥 … . . … (2) 𝑥 +𝑦 = , 𝑟=
[𝑦 = 4𝑎 𝑥, 𝑎 = 2𝑎] √2 √2
Parabola 𝑦 = 4𝑎𝑥 … . . … (2)
Let ‘m’ be the slope of common tangent.
Let ‘m’ be the slope of common tangent.
Equation of tangent to (1),
Equation of tangent to (1),
𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 ± √2𝑎 √1 + 𝑚 ….. .. ... (3)
𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 ± √1 + 𝑚 ….. .. ... (3)
𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 ± 𝑟 1 + 𝑚 √

𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑞 𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡𝑜 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑟 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 ± 𝑟 1 + 𝑚
Equation of tangent to (2), 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑞 𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡𝑜 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑟
𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + .. ... (4) Equation of tangent to (2),
𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + .. ... (4)
𝑎
∴ 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 +𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑞 𝑛 𝑜𝑓 (3), (4) Represents same line
𝑚
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡𝑜 𝑦 = 4𝑎′𝑥 ± √1 + 𝑚 =
√
(3), (4) Represents same line 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠
±√2𝑎 √1 + 𝑚 = ⇨ (1 + 𝑚 )=
𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 ⇨𝑚 (1 + 𝑚 )= 2
⇨2𝑎 (1 + 𝑚 )= ⇨𝑚 + 𝑚 − 2 = 0
⇨𝑚 (1 + 𝑚 )= 2 ⇨𝑚 + 2𝑚 − 𝑚 − 2 = 0
⇨𝑚 + 𝑚 − 2 = 0 ⇨𝑚 (𝑚 + 2)-1(𝑚 + 2)=0
⇨𝑚 + 2𝑚 − 𝑚 − 2 = 0 ⇨(𝑚 − 1)(𝑚 + 2)=0
⇨𝑚 (𝑚 + 2)-1(𝑚 + 2)=0 ⇨𝑚 − 1 = 0, 𝑜𝑟 𝑚 + 2 = 0
⇨(𝑚 − 1)(𝑚 + 2)=0 ⇨𝑚 = 1 𝑜𝑟 𝑚 = −2 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒
⇨𝑚 − 1 = 0, 𝑜𝑟 𝑚 + 2 = 0 ∴𝑚 = ±1 sub in (4)
⇨𝑚 = 1 𝑜𝑟 𝑚 = −2 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑦 = ±𝑚𝑥 +
±
∴𝑚 = ±1 sub in (4) 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 y=±(𝑥 + 𝑎).
𝑦 = ±𝑚𝑥 + ± 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑖𝑠
y=±(𝑥 + 2𝑎). 𝑥 = −𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 0.⇨ (-a, 0) which is the focus of 𝒚𝟐 = −𝟒𝒂𝒙.

Q.No: 20 Parabola Q.No: 20 Parabola

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 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

8. Find the equation of the parabola whose focus is (-2, 3) and directrix is 9. Find the equation of the parabola whose focus is S(3, 5) and the vertex
the line 2x+3y-4=0. Also find the length of the latex rectum and the is A (1, 3).
equation of the axis of the parabola.
Sol: Given S (3, 5) and vertex A (1, 3)
Sol:
Given S (-2, 3) Let Z (h, k) be the point on a directrix ‘l’ ⇨ 𝒎𝒊𝒅𝒑𝒐𝒊𝒏𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝑺𝒁 = 𝑨
Eq’’n of directrix l=2𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 4 = 0.
𝒉 𝟑 𝒌 𝟓
Let P (𝑥 , 𝑦 ) be a point on the parabola. ⇨ 𝟐
, 𝟐
= (𝟏, 𝟑)
Draw a perpendicular PM on the to the line L=0.
⇨ 𝒉 = 𝟐 − 𝟑 = −𝟏, 𝒌= 𝟔−𝟓=𝟏
⇨ = 1 ⇨ 𝑆𝑃 = 𝑃𝑀 ⊥ 𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡 =
√
∴𝒁 (𝒉, 𝒌) = (−𝟏, 𝟏)
(𝑥 + 2) + (𝑦 − 3) = S.O.B
√
𝟓 𝟑 𝟐
𝒔𝒍𝒐𝒑𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝑨𝑺 = = = =𝟏
( ) 𝟑 𝟏 𝟐
⇨(𝑥 + 2) + (𝑦 − 3) =
𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒅𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒙 𝒍 is passing through Z and perpendicular
⇨ 13[𝑥 + 4 + 4𝑥 + 𝑦 + 9 − 6𝑦 ] 𝟏
to AS 𝒊𝒔 (𝒚 − 𝑦 ) = − 𝒎 (𝒙 − 𝑥 )
= 4𝑥 + 9𝑦 + 16 + 12𝑥 𝑦 − 24𝑦 − 16𝑥
(𝒚 − 1) = −𝟏(𝒙 + 𝟏) ⇨ (𝒚 − 1) = −𝒙 − 𝟏
⇨13𝑥 + 52 + 52𝑥 + 13𝑦 + 117 − 78𝑦
𝒙+𝒚 =𝟎
-4𝑥 − 9𝑦 − 16 − 12𝑥 𝑦 + 24𝑦 + 16𝑥 = 0 Let P (𝑥, 𝑦) be a point on the parabola.
⇨9𝑥 − 12𝑥 𝑦 +4𝑦 + 68𝑥 − 54𝑦 + 153 = 0 Draw a perpendicular PM on the to the line L=0.
⇨ = 1 ⇨ 𝑆𝑃 = 𝑃𝑀 ⊥ 𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡 =
∴ Locus of P is √

(𝑥 − 3) + (𝑦 − 5) = S.O.B
9𝑥 − 12𝑥𝑦+4𝑦 + 68𝑥 − 54𝑦 + 153 = 0 is the eq’’n of the parabola. √

( )
Length of latus rectum=4a=2|2𝑎| = 2|𝑠𝑧| ⇨(𝑥 − 3) + (𝑥 − 5) =

=2[⊥ 𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑆(−2, 3) 𝑡𝑜 𝑙 = 0] ⇨ 2[𝑥 + 9 − 6𝑥 + 𝑦 + 25 − 10𝑦 ] =[𝑥 + 𝑦 + 2𝑥𝑦]

( ) ( )
=2 =2 =2 = ⇨2𝑥 + 18 − 12𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 50 − 20𝑦- 𝑥 − 𝑦 − 2𝑥𝑦 = 0
√ √ √ √

Eq’’n of the axis is the line ⊥ 𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑥 ⇨ 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 2𝑥𝑦 − 12𝑥 − 20𝑦 + 68 = 0

𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑝𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑔ℎ 𝑆(−2, 3) is

𝑏(𝑥 − 𝑥 ) − 𝑎(𝑦 − 𝑦 ) = 0

⇨3(𝑥 + 2) − 2(𝑦 − 3) = 0

⇨3𝑥 + 6 − 2𝑦 + 6 = 0 ∴3𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 12 = 0

Q.No: 20 Parabola Q.No: 20 Parabola

24
 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

10. Prove that the area of the triangle inscribed in the parabola 11. Prove that the area of the triangle formed by the tangents at
𝟐 𝟏 (𝑥 , 𝑦 ), (𝑥 , 𝑦 ), (𝑥 , 𝑦 )
𝒚 = 𝟒𝒂𝒙 is |(𝒚𝟏 − 𝒚𝟐 )(𝒚𝟐 − 𝒚𝟑 )(𝒚𝟑 − 𝒚𝟏 )| Sq.uints
𝟖𝒂 𝟏
where𝒚𝟏, 𝒚𝟐, 𝒚𝟑 are ordinates of its vertices. to the Parabola 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟒𝒂𝒙 is |(𝒚𝟏 − 𝒚𝟐 )(𝒚𝟐 − 𝒚𝟑 )(𝒚𝟑 − 𝒚𝟏 )|
𝟏𝟔𝒂
𝑺𝒐𝒍: Given eq’’n of the parabola 𝑦 = 4𝑎𝑥….(1) Sq.uints where𝒚𝟏, 𝒚𝟐, 𝒚𝟑 are ordinates of its vertices.
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝐴 (𝑥 , 𝑦 ) = (a𝑡 , 2a𝑡 ); 𝑺𝒐𝒍: Given eq’’n of the parabola 𝑦 = 4𝑎𝑥….(1)
𝐵 (𝑥 , 𝑦 ) = (a𝑡 , 2a𝑡 ) 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝐷 (𝑥 , 𝑦 ) = (a𝑡 , 2a𝑡 );
𝐶 (𝑥 , 𝑦 ) = (a𝑡 , 2a𝑡 ) 𝐸 (𝑥 , 𝑦 ) = (a𝑡 , 2a𝑡 )
𝐴 𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑛 (1) ⇨ 𝑦 = 4𝑎𝑥 ⇨ 𝑥 = 𝐹 (𝑥 , 𝑦 ) = (a𝑡 , 2a𝑡 )
𝑃𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒
∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 In scribed in the parabola
𝑥 −𝑥 𝑦 −𝑦
= 𝑥 −𝑥 𝑦 −𝑦 𝐴 = [a𝑡 𝑡 , a(𝑡 + 𝑡 ) ];
𝐵 = [a𝑡 𝑡 , a(𝑡 + 𝑡 ) ]
𝐶 = [a𝑡 𝑡 , a(𝑡 + 𝑡 ) ]
𝑦 −𝑦
=
𝑦 −𝑦
∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 In scribed in the parabola
(𝑦 − 𝑦 )(𝑦 + 𝑦 ) (𝑦 − 𝑦 ) 𝑥 −𝑥 𝑦 −𝑦
= = 𝑥 −𝑥 𝑦 −𝑦
(𝑦 − 𝑦 )(𝑦 + 𝑦 ) (𝑦 − 𝑦 )
a𝑡 𝑡 − a𝑡 𝑡 𝑎𝑡 + a𝑡 − 𝑎𝑡 − a𝑡
( )( ) (𝑦 + 𝑦 ) 1 =
= a𝑡 𝑡 − a𝑡 𝑡 𝑎𝑡 + a𝑡 − 𝑎𝑡 − a𝑡
(𝑦 + 𝑦 ) 1
𝑡 (𝑡 − 𝑡 ) (𝑡 − 𝑡 )
( )( )
|𝑦 + 𝑦 − 𝑦 − 𝑦 | =
= 𝑡 (𝑡 − 𝑡 ) (𝑡 − 𝑡 )

( )( ) 𝑡 1
= = (𝑡 − 𝑡 )(𝑡 − 𝑡 ))|𝑡 − 𝑡 |
|(𝑦 − 𝑦 )(𝑦 − 𝑦 )(𝑦 − 𝑦 )| Sq.uints 𝑡 1

= |(𝑡 − 𝑡 )(𝑡 − 𝑡 )(𝑡 − 𝑡 )| Sq.uints

𝑦 = 2a𝑡 ⇨ 𝑡 =

( ) ( ) ( )
= . . Sq.uints

𝟏
|(𝒚𝟏 − 𝒚𝟐 )(𝒚𝟐 − 𝒚𝟑 )(𝒚𝟑 − 𝒚𝟏 )| Sq. units.
𝟏𝟔𝒂

Q.No: 20 Parabola Q.No: 20 Parabola

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 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

12. If a normal chord at point ‘t’ on the parabola 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟒𝒂𝒙 subtends a

right angle at vertex, then prove that 𝒕 = ±√𝟐.
14. If 𝒍𝒙 + 𝒎𝒚 + 𝒏 = 𝟎 is a normal to the parabola 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟒𝒂𝒙 then
Sol: Given eq’’n of the parabola 𝑦 = 4𝑎𝑥……. (1)
show that 𝒂𝒍𝟑 + 𝟐𝒂𝒍𝒎𝟐 + 𝒏𝒎𝟐 = 𝟎.
Eq’’n of the normal at ‘t’ on the parabola is
𝑦 + 𝑥𝑡 = 2𝑎𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 ⇨ = 1 … … . (2) 15. Prove that two parabolas 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟒𝒂𝒙 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒙𝟐 = 𝟒𝒃𝒚 intersect
ℎ𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 (1) Using (2) we get, 𝟏 𝟏
𝟏 𝟑𝒂𝟑𝒃𝟑
𝑦 = 4𝑎𝑥(1) (other than the origin) at an angle of 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟐 𝟐 .
𝟐 𝒂𝟑 𝒃𝟑
⇨ 𝑦 = 4𝑎𝑥( )
⇨𝑦 = 4𝑥( )
16. From an external point p tangents are drawn to the parabola
⇨𝑦 (2𝑡 + 𝑡 ) = 4𝑥(𝑦 + 𝑥𝑡)
𝒚𝟐 = 𝟒𝒂𝒙 and these tangents makes angles 𝜽𝟏 , 𝜽𝟐 with its axis, such
⇨𝑦 (2𝑡 + 𝑡 ) = 4𝑥𝑦 + 4𝑥 𝑡
that 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝜽𝟏 + 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝜽𝟐 is constant ‘d’ then show that all such p lie on a
⇨4𝑡𝑥 − 𝑦 (2𝑡 + 𝑡 ) + 4𝑥𝑦 = 0 horizontal line.

Subtends a right angle 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓 𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓 𝑦 = 0

17. Show that the common tangent to the parabolas 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟒𝒂𝒙 𝒂𝒏𝒅
⇨4𝑡 − 2𝑡 − 𝑡 = 0 𝟏 𝟏 𝟐 𝟐

⇨2𝑡 − 𝑡 = 0 𝒙𝟐 = 𝟒𝒃𝒚 is 𝒂𝟑 𝒙 + 𝒃𝟑 𝒚 + 𝒂𝟑 𝒃𝟑 = 𝟎.
⇨𝑡(2 − 𝑡 ) = 0
⇨ 𝑡 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡 = 2 Sol: Given eq’’n of the parabolas 𝑦 = 4𝑎𝑥……. (1)
𝑥 = 4𝑏𝑦……. (2)
𝒕 = ±√𝟐
𝑒𝑞𝑛 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 (1) 𝑖𝑠 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + … . (3)
13. The normal chord at point ‘𝒕𝟏 ’ on the parabola 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟒𝒂𝒙 meet the
parabola again in the point 𝒕𝟐 , then prove that 𝒕𝟏 𝒕𝟐 + 𝒕𝟏 𝟐 + 𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝑏𝑢𝑡 (3) 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡𝑜 (2) 𝑐 = −𝑎𝑚
Sol: Given eq’’n of the parabola 𝑦 = 4𝑎𝑥……. (1)
Eq’’n of the normal at‘𝑡 ’ on the parabola is ⇨ = −(𝑏)𝑚 ⇨ − = 𝑚
𝑦 + 𝑥𝑡 = 2𝑎𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 ……… (2)
𝐴𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑒𝑞 𝑛 𝑚𝑒𝑒𝑡𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑎 𝑎𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑎𝑡 𝑡 (𝑎𝑡 , 2𝑎𝑡 ) ⇨𝑚=− Sub in (3) 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 +
⇨ 2𝑎𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 𝑡 = 2𝑎𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡
⇨ 2𝑎𝑡 − 2𝑎𝑡 = 𝑎𝑡 − 𝑎𝑡 𝑡 ⇨𝑦=− 𝑥+
⇨ 2𝑎(𝑡 − 𝑡 ) = 𝑎𝑡 (𝑡 − 𝑡 )
⇨ −2(𝑡 − 𝑡 ) = 𝑡 (𝑡 − 𝑡 )(𝑡 + 𝑡 )
⇨ −2 = 𝑡 (𝑡 + 𝑡 ) ⇨𝑦=− 𝑥−𝑎 𝑏
−𝟐 = 𝒕𝟏 𝒕𝟐 + 𝒕𝟏 𝟐
⇨ 𝑦𝑏 = −𝑎 𝑥 − 𝑎 𝑏
∴ 𝒕𝟏 𝒕𝟐 + 𝒕𝟏 𝟐 + 𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟏 𝟏 𝟐 𝟐
∴ 𝒂𝟑 𝒙 + 𝒃𝟑 𝒚 + 𝒂𝟑 𝒃𝟑 = 𝟎.

Q.No: 20 Parabola Q.No: 20 Parabola

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 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

SOME STANDARD ELEMENTRY INTEGRALS

𝒅
𝒅 12. (𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙) = 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝒙
1. (𝒄) = 𝟎 ⇨ ∫(𝟎). 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒄 𝒅𝒙
𝒅𝒙
⇨ ∫ 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙 + 𝒄.
𝒅 𝒙𝒏 𝟏 𝟏 𝒙𝒏 𝟏
2. = . (𝑛 + 1)𝒙𝒏 = 𝒙𝒏 ⇨ ∫ 𝒙𝒏 𝒅𝒙 = + 𝒄.
𝒅𝒙 𝒏 𝟏 𝒏 𝟏 𝒏 𝟏
𝒅
13. (𝒄𝒐𝒕𝒙) = −𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝒙
𝒅 𝒅𝒙
3. (𝒙) = 𝟏 ⇨ ∫ 𝟏𝒅𝒙 = 𝒙 + 𝒄. ⇨ ∫ 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = −𝒄𝒐𝒕𝒙 + 𝒄.
𝒅𝒙

𝒅 𝒅
4. (𝒌𝒙) = 𝒌 ⇨ ∫ 𝒌𝒅𝒙 = 𝒌𝒙 + 𝒄. 14. (𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒙) = 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒙. 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙
⇨ ∫ 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒙. 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒙 + 𝒄.

𝒅 𝟏 𝟏
5. (𝐥𝐨𝐠 |𝒙|) = ⇨ ∫ 𝒅𝒙 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 |𝒙| + 𝒄.
𝒅𝒙 𝒙 𝒙
𝒅
15. (𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒙) = −𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒙. 𝒄𝒐𝒕𝒙
𝒅𝒙
𝒅 𝟏 𝟏
6. √𝒙 = ⇨∫ 𝒅𝒙 = 𝟐√𝒙 + 𝒄. ⇨ ∫ 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒙. 𝒄𝒐𝒕𝒙𝒅𝒙 = −𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒙 + 𝒄.
𝒅𝒙 𝟐√𝒙 √𝒙

𝒅 𝟏 𝟏
16. (𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙) =
𝒅𝒙 𝟏 𝒙𝟐
|𝒙|
7. ∫ 𝒅𝒙 = |𝒙| + 𝒄 ⇨∫
𝟏
𝒅𝒙 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟏
𝒙 + 𝒄.
𝒙
𝟏 𝒙𝟐

𝒅
8. (𝒆𝒙 ) = 𝒆𝒙 ⇨ ∫ 𝒆𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒆𝒙 + 𝒄.
𝒅𝒙
𝒅 𝟏 𝟏
17. (𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙) = −
𝒅𝒙 𝟏 𝒙𝟐
𝟏 𝟏
𝒅 𝒂𝒙 𝒂𝒙 𝒂𝒙 ⇨ ∫− 𝒅𝒙 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 + 𝒄.
9. = (𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒂) = 𝒂𝒙 ⇨ ∫ 𝒂𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = + 𝒄. 𝟏 𝒙𝟐
𝒅𝒙 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒂 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒂 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒂

𝒅 𝟏 𝟏
𝒅
(𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙) = −𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 ⇨ ∫ 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = −𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 + 𝒄. 18. (𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙) =
10. 𝒅𝒙 𝟏 𝒙𝟐
𝒅𝒙 𝟏 𝟏
⇨∫ 𝒅𝒙 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙 + 𝒄.
𝟏 𝒙𝟐

𝒅
11. (𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙) = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙
𝒅𝒙
⇨ ∫ 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 + 𝒄.
Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION

27
 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

Standard types: 1:∫ 𝑑𝑥

Standard types- 4: ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑏 4𝑎𝑐 − 𝑏 𝑑
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 𝑎 (𝑋 + ) + 𝑃𝑢𝑡 (𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞) = 𝐴 (𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐) + 𝐵
2𝑎 4𝑎 𝑑𝑥
𝑝 2𝑎𝑞 − 𝑏𝑝
𝐴= ,𝐵 =
2𝑎 2𝑎
𝑑𝑥 = log +𝑐 𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞
⎧∫ 𝑑𝑥
⎪ 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐
I=∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ tan + 𝑐. 𝑓 ′ (𝑥 ) 1
⎨ =𝐴 𝑑𝑥 + 𝐵 𝑑𝑥
⎪∫ 𝑑𝑥 = log +𝑐 𝑓 (𝑥 ) 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐
⎩
1
= 𝐴 log(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐) + 𝐵 𝑑𝑥
Here X=(𝑋 + ) and 𝐴 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐

Standard types: 2: ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√ Standard types- 5: ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√
To evaluate this integration, we put
⎧ ∫√ 𝑑𝑥 = sin ( ) + 𝑐. 𝑑
⎪ (𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞 ) = 𝐴 (𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐) + 𝐵
=∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ √ 𝑑𝑥 = sinh ( ) + 𝑐. 𝑑𝑥
√ ⎨ 𝑝 2𝑎𝑞 − 𝑏𝑝
⎪∫ 𝑑𝑥 = cos ( ) + 𝑐. 𝐴= ,𝐵 =
⎩ √ 2𝑎 2𝑎

( )
Here X=(𝑋 + ) and 𝐴 = ∫√ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝐴 ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + 𝐵 ∫ 𝑑𝑥
( ) √

Standard types- 3:∫ √𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 𝑑𝑥 1

= 2𝐴 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝐵 𝑑𝑥
√𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐

I=∫ √𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 𝑑𝑥= 𝑥−𝑎 𝑏−𝑥

{ 𝑑𝑥 𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑥 }
𝑏−𝑥 𝑥−𝑎
⎧ ∫ √𝐴 − 𝑋 𝑑𝑥 = √𝐴 − 𝑋 + sin ( ) + 𝑐.
⎪
∫ √𝐴 + 𝑋 𝑑𝑥 = √𝐴 + 𝑋 + sinh ( ) + 𝑐.
⎨
⎪ √𝑋 − 𝐴 𝑑𝑥 = √𝐴 − 𝑋 + cos ( ) + 𝑐.
⎩∫

Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION

28
 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

Standard types-6:
I=∫(𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞)√𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐𝑑𝑥
To evaluate this integration, we put
𝑑
𝑃𝑢𝑡 (𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞 ) = 𝐴 (𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐) + 𝐵
𝑑𝑥
𝑝 2𝑎𝑞 − 𝑏𝑝
𝐴= ,𝐵 =
2𝑎 2𝑎
2
𝐼 = 𝐴 (𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐) + 𝐵 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 𝑑𝑥
3

Standard types- 7:
1
𝐼= 𝑑𝑥
(𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞)(√𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐)
1
𝐻𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑝𝑢𝑡 (𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞) =
𝑡

Standard types- 8:
( )
I=∫ ( ) √
𝑑𝑥 𝑜𝑟 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√

𝑝𝑢𝑡 ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 √𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 = 𝑡

Standard types- 9:
1
𝐼= 𝑑𝑥
(𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞 )(√𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏)
Put x=

Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION

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Model-1: [𝑻𝒚𝒑𝒆 − 𝑰] Part-3 I =∫ 𝑑𝑥

𝒙 𝟏 𝒑𝒙 𝒒 𝑳
1. ∫ 𝟐 𝒅𝒙 ∴ ∫ 𝟐 𝒅𝒙 𝑶𝑹 ∫ 𝒅𝒙 =∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝒙 𝟑𝒙 𝟏𝟐 𝒂𝒙 𝒃𝒙 𝒄 𝑸
[ ]
Sol:
{ L = AQ’ + B } add and sub =
Part-1

Let 𝑥 + 1 = [𝐴(𝑥 + 3𝑥 + 12) + 𝐵] … … … (1) =∫ 𝑑𝑥

⇨𝑥 + 1 = 𝐴(2𝑥 + 3) + 𝐵
⇨ 𝑥 + 1 = 2𝐴𝑥 + 3𝐴 + 𝐵 =∫ 𝑑𝑥

𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑜 − 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 & 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑛 𝐵. 𝑆

2A=1 ⇨A= ; 3A+ B=1 ⇨B=1-3 ⇨B= - =∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏

𝒙
√ ∴ 𝒅𝒙 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧 +𝒄
𝑿𝟐 +𝒂𝟐 𝒂 𝒂

Part-2
= √ tan
Now I=∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 √

= tan +𝑐
√ √

=𝐴 ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + 𝐵 ∫ 𝑑𝑥

𝒇 (𝒙)
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔|𝑥 + 𝑥 + 1| + √
tan +𝑐
√
∴∫ 𝒅𝒙=𝒍𝒐𝒈|𝒇(𝒙)|+c
𝒇(𝒙)

I= 𝑙𝑜𝑔|𝑥 + 𝑥 + 1| + tan +𝑐
√ √
= 𝑙𝑜𝑔|𝑥 + 3𝑥 + 12|+B I (consider) … (2)

Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION

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[𝑻𝒚𝒑𝒆 − 𝑰𝑰] I =∫ 𝑑𝑥
Part-3 √
𝟐𝒙 𝟓 𝒑𝒙 𝒒 𝑳
2. ∫ 𝒅𝒙 ∴∫ 𝒅𝒙 𝑶𝑹 ∫ 𝒅𝒙
𝒙𝟐 𝟐𝒙 𝟏𝟎 𝒂𝒙𝟐 𝒃𝒙 𝒄 𝑸 =∫ 𝑑𝑥
( ) ( )
{ L = AQ’ + B }
Part-1

𝑙𝑒𝑡 2𝑥 + 5 = [𝐴(𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 10) + 𝐵] 𝑒𝑞 𝑛 … (1) { add and sub = }

2𝑥 + 5 = 𝐴(2𝑥 − 2) + 𝐵 =∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝟏 𝒙
( ) 𝟏
∴ 𝒅𝒙 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡 +𝒄
2𝑥 + 5 = 2𝐴𝑥 − 2𝐴 + 𝐵 √𝒂𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐 𝒂
=∫ 𝟐
𝑑𝑥
( ) 𝟑
𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑜 − 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 & 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑛 𝐵. 𝑆
2A=2⇨A= 1 -2A+B=5⇨B=5+ (2A) ⇨B= 7 =sinh +𝑐

∴∫ 𝑑𝑥 = 2√𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 10 + 7 sinh +𝑐
√
[ ]
Part-2 Now I=∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√ √

=1 ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + 𝐵 ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√ √

𝒇 (𝒙)
∫ 𝒅𝒙=𝟐 𝒇(𝒙)+c
𝒇(𝒙)

= 2√𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 10+𝐵 I (consider) … (2)

Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION

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𝟓 𝒙
𝟓 𝒙 𝟓 𝒙 𝒅𝒙
3. ∫ 𝒅𝒙 = ∫ 𝒅𝒙 = ∫ 𝒙𝟐 𝟕𝒙 𝟏𝟎
𝒙 𝟐 (𝒙 𝟐)(𝟓 𝒙)
I =∫ 𝑑𝑥 =∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝒑𝒙 𝒒 𝑳 √ [ ]
Part-3
∴∫ 𝒅𝒙 𝑶𝑹 ∫ 𝒅𝒙
𝒂𝒙𝟐 𝒃𝒙 𝒄 𝑸
{ add and sub = }
Sol: { L = AQ’ + B }
Part-1

Let 5 − 𝑥 = [𝐴(−𝑥 + 7𝑥 − 10) + 𝐵] 𝑒𝑞 𝑛 (1) =∫ 𝑑𝑥

5 − 𝑥 = 𝐴(−2𝑥 + 7) + 𝐵
5 − 𝑥 = −2𝐴𝑥 + 7𝐴 + 𝐵 = 𝑑𝑥
𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑜 − 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 & 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑛 𝐵. 𝑆

-2A= -1⇨A= ; 7A+ B=5 ⇨B=5-7A⇨B= 5 − = = 𝑑𝑥

𝟏 𝟏
𝒙
= 𝑑𝑥 ∴ 𝒅𝒙 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 +𝒄
Part-2 Now I=∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 √𝒂𝟐 − 𝒙𝟐 𝒂
√ √

= sin +𝑐
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√ √

𝒇 (𝒙) =sin +𝑐
∴∫ 𝒅𝒙 = 𝟐 𝒇(𝒙)+c
𝒇(𝒙)
𝟓 𝒙
∫ 𝒅𝒙 = √−𝑥 + 7𝑥 − 10 + sin +𝑐
𝒙 𝟐

= 2√−𝑥 + 7𝑥 − 10+ BI (consider) … (2)

Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION

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𝒙 𝟏 𝒑𝒙 𝒒 𝑳
4. ∫ 𝒅𝒙 ∴∫ 𝒅𝒙 ∴∫ 𝒅𝒙
𝒙𝟐 𝒙 𝟏 𝒂𝒙𝟐 𝒃𝒙 𝒄 𝑸
Consider:
𝑺𝒐𝒍: 𝑹𝒖𝒍𝒆: 𝑳 = 𝑨𝑸’ + 𝑩 PART-3
LET 𝑥 + 1 = [𝐴(𝑥 − 𝑥 + 1) + 𝐵] 𝑒𝑞′𝑛 (1) PART-1 I =∫ 𝑑𝑥
√

𝑥 + 1 = 𝐴(2𝑥 − 1) + 𝐵 =∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 + 1 = 2𝐴𝑥 − 𝐴 + 𝐵
𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑜 − 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 & 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑛 𝐵. 𝑆 =∫ 𝑑𝑥

2A=1⇨A= ; -A+B=1 ⇨B=1+ ⇨B=

=∫ 𝑑𝑥

𝟏 𝟏
𝒙
=∫ 𝑑𝑥 ∴ 𝒅𝒙 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡 +𝒄
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥 √𝒂𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐 𝒂
√ PART-2 √

=sinh √
+𝑐
=∫ 𝑑𝑥
√
=sinh +𝑐
√

∫√ 𝑑𝑥 = √𝑥 − 𝑥 + 1 + sinh +𝑐
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥 √
√ √

𝒇 (𝒙)
∴∫ 𝒅𝒙=𝟐 𝒇(𝒙)+c
𝒇(𝒙)

= 2√𝑥 − 𝑥 + 1+ ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√

Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION

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[𝑻𝒚𝒑𝒆 − 𝑰𝑰𝑰] ∴ (𝒑𝒙 + 𝒒) 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄𝒅𝒙 Consider: ∫ √6 − 2𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

5. ∫(𝟔𝒙 + 𝟓)√𝟔 − 𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙 𝒅𝒙

=∫ −2(𝑥 − − 3) 𝑑𝑥 add and sub =
𝑠𝑜𝑙: L=AQ’+B

= ∫ −2 𝑥 − + − − 3 𝑑𝑥
6𝑥 + 5 = [𝐴(6 − 2𝑥 + 𝑥) + 𝐵] 𝑒𝑞 𝑛(1)
⇨ 6𝑥 + 5 = 𝐴(−4𝑥 + 1) + 𝐵
= ∫ −2 𝑥− − − 3 𝑑𝑥
⇨ 6𝑥 + 5 = −4𝐴𝑥 + 𝐴 + 𝐵
𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑜 − 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 & 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑛 𝐵. 𝑆
= ∫ −2 𝑥− − 𝑑𝑥
-4A=6⇨A= A+B=5 ⇨B=5 - ⇨B=

Sub A, B in eq’’n (1) = ∫ −2 𝑥− − 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = ∫(6𝑥 + 5)√6 − 2𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

= ∫ √2 − 𝑥− 𝑑𝑥
=∫ (6 − 2𝑥 + 𝑥 ) + √6 − 2𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝐱 𝐚𝟐 𝟏
𝒙
∴ 𝒂𝟐 − 𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒂𝟐 − 𝒙𝟐 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 +𝒄
𝟐 𝟐 𝒂
= − ∫(6 − 2𝑥 + 𝑥) √6 − 2𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + √6 − 2𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝟑
{𝒇(𝒙)}𝟐 ( ) /
{𝒇(𝒙)}𝟏/𝟐 𝒇 (𝒙)𝒅𝒙 = 𝟑
+ 𝒄. = √2 − 𝑥− + sin
/
𝟐

( ) /
= √2 − 𝑥− + sin +C
𝟑
=− + √6 − 2𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝟐 𝐼=
−(6 − 2𝑥 + 𝑥) +
( ) /
√2 − 𝑥− + sin

Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION

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6. ∫(𝟑𝐱 − 𝟐)√𝟐𝐱 𝟐 − 𝐱 + 𝟏 𝐝𝐱
Consider:∫ √2𝑥 − 𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥
Rule: (𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞) = 𝐴(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐)′+B

𝑠𝑜𝑙: 3𝑥 − 2 = [𝐴(2𝑥 − 𝑥 + 1) + 𝐵] 𝑒𝑞 𝑛(1) =∫ 2(𝑥 − + ) 𝑑𝑥

⇨ 3𝑥 − 2 = 𝐴(4𝑥 − 1) + 𝐵
⇨ 3𝑥 − 2 = 4𝐴𝑥 − 𝐴 + 𝐵 = ∫ 2[𝑥 − + + − ] 𝑑𝑥
𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑜 − 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 & 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑛 𝐵. 𝑆

4A=3 ⇨A= ; -A+B=-2⇨B= -2 + ⇨B= =∫ 2 𝑥− + − 𝑑𝑥

I=∫(3x − 2)√2x − x + 1 dx
=∫ 2 𝑥− + 𝑑𝑥

=∫ (2𝑥 − 𝑥 + 1) − √2𝑥 − 𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥
√
= ∫√2 𝑥− + 𝑑𝑥

𝐱 𝐚𝟐 𝟏
𝒙
∴ 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡 +𝒄
= ∫(2𝑥 − 𝑥 + 1) √2𝑥 − 𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥- √2𝑥 − 𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥 𝟐 𝟐 𝒂

{𝒇(𝒙)}𝒏 𝟏
{𝒇(𝒙)}𝒏 . 𝒇 (𝒙)𝒅𝒙 = + 𝒄. /
𝒏+𝟏 = 𝑥− + + sinh
√ /

( ) /
𝟑 = 𝑥− + + sinh
= - √2𝑥 − 𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥 √
𝟒
( )
I=𝟑𝟒 −
√
𝑥− +
√
+ sinh
√
+𝑐

= − (4x − 1)√2𝑥 − 𝑥 + 1 − sinh +𝑐

√ √

7. ∫(𝐱)√𝟏 + 𝐱 − 𝐱 𝟐 𝐝𝐱 (H/W)

Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION

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𝟏
[𝑻𝒚𝒑𝒆 − 𝑰𝑽] ∫ 𝒅𝒙
(𝒑𝒙 𝒒) 𝒂𝒙𝟐 𝒃𝒙 𝒄 𝟏
9. ∫ dx
𝟏 (𝟏 𝒙) 𝟑 𝟐𝒙 𝒙𝟐
8. ∫ dx
(𝟏 𝒙) 𝟑 𝟐𝒙 𝒙𝟐
t= 𝑠𝑜𝑙: Put (1-x) = ⇨t=
𝑠𝑜𝑙: Put (1+x) = ⇨

𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓 . 𝑤. 𝑟. 𝑡 𝑥 ⇨ dx= − 𝑑𝑡 -dx=− 𝑑𝑡

𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓 . 𝑤. 𝑟. 𝑡 𝑥 ⇨
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = − 1 ⇨
1−𝑡
𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 𝑥 = − 1 ⇨
∫( 𝑑𝑥 𝑥= 𝑡−1
)√ 𝑡 𝑥=
=∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝑡
( )√

∫ (− 𝑑𝑡)
=∫ ( 𝑑𝑡)

= −∫ 𝑑𝑡
( ) ( )
=∫ 𝑑𝑡
( ) ( )

1 1
=− 𝑑𝑡 ) (
3𝑡 + 2𝑡 − 2𝑡 − 1 − 𝑡 + 2𝑡) 𝑡 =∫
)
( 𝑑𝑡 )

1 2√𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 1 2√𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏
= −∫ 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥 = +𝑐 𝑑𝑥 = +𝑐
√
𝑎 √𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 𝑎
√𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 √
=∫ 𝑑𝑡 =
√
√
=−

= 4 −1 = = +C
=− 4 −1
𝟏
10. ∫ dx(H/W)
(𝟏 𝒙) 𝟐 𝟑𝒙 𝒙𝟐
=− =− +C

Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION

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Model-2: integration of functions which are rational in 2) ∫

𝟏
𝒅𝒙
4+5sinx
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙
I. If the integral of the from 𝒔𝒐𝒍: ∫ 𝑑𝑥 =∫
4+5sinx
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
∫ 𝒂 𝒃 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝒐𝒓 ∫ 𝒂 𝒃 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙
𝒅𝒙 𝒐𝒓 ∫
𝒂 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 𝒃 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 𝒄
𝒅𝒙
[𝑻𝒚𝒑𝒆 − 𝑰]
=∫ = ∫ 𝑑𝑡
𝟏
1) ∫ 𝒅𝒙
5+4cosx Let t= 𝒕𝒂𝒏
𝒙
;
𝟐 = ∫ 𝑑𝑡
𝟏 𝟐𝒕
𝒔𝒐𝒍: ∫ 𝒅𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 = 𝟏 𝒕𝟐
5+4cosx
𝟐𝒅𝒕 = ∫ 𝑑𝑡 = ∫ 𝑑𝑡
𝒅𝒙 = ;
𝟏 𝒕𝟐

𝟏 − 𝒕𝟐 1 1 𝑥−𝑎
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 = = ∫ 𝑑𝑡 ∴ 𝑑𝑥 = log +𝑐
=∫ 𝟏 + 𝒕𝟐 𝑥 −𝑎 2𝑎 𝑥+𝑎

=∫ = log +𝑐

=2 ∫ [ ]
𝑑𝑡
= log
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝒙
=2 ∫ [ 𝑑𝑡 ∴ ∫ 𝒂𝟐 𝒙𝟐
𝒅𝒙 = 𝒂 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒂
+c
]

= log +𝑐

= tan +𝐶 = log
( )
+𝑐
( )

= tan +𝐶 .
= log +𝑐

Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION

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𝟏
4) ∫ 4cos x+ 3sin x 𝒅𝒙 Let t = 𝒕𝒂𝒏
𝒙
; 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 =
𝟐𝒕
𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝒕𝟐
3) ∫ 𝒅𝒙 Let t= 𝒕𝒂𝒏
𝒙
;
𝟏 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 𝟐 𝑠𝑜𝑙: ∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝒅𝒙=
𝟐𝒅𝒕
; 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 = 𝟏
𝟏 𝒕𝟐
4cos x+ 3sin x 𝟏 𝒕𝟐 𝒕𝟐
𝟐𝒅𝒕
Sol: I = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝒅𝒙= ;
𝟏 𝒕𝟐
cos x+ sin x+1 =∫
𝟏 𝒕𝟐
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 =
𝟏 𝒕𝟐
=∫ = 2∫
𝟐𝒕
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙=
𝟏 𝒕𝟐
= 2∫ 𝑑𝑡 = − ∫ 𝑑𝑡
( ) ( )
=∫

=− ∫ 𝑑𝑡 𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓 −3 −3
𝑎𝑑𝑑 & 𝑠𝑢𝑏 = =
2 2×2 4
= ∫[ ]
2𝑑𝑡
𝟏 𝟏
=− ∫ 𝟑 𝟐 𝟗
𝒅𝒕
𝟐
𝒕– 𝟏
𝟒 𝟏𝟔

=∫ 𝑑𝑡 𝟏 𝒅𝒕
[ ] 𝟏 =− ∫
𝟐 𝟑 𝟐 𝟓 𝟐
∴ 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒍𝒐𝒈|𝒙| + 𝑪 𝒕
𝟒 𝟒
𝒙
= ∫[ ]
𝑑𝑡
𝟏 𝒅𝒕 1 1 𝑎+𝑥
= ∫ ∴ 𝑑𝑥 = log +𝑐
𝟐 𝟓 𝟐 𝟑 𝟐
𝟒
𝒕
𝟒
𝑎 −𝑥 2𝑎 𝑎−𝑥
= 𝑙𝑜𝑔|1 + 𝑡| + 𝐶

I= 𝑙𝑜𝑔 1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 +𝐶
= log = log +𝑐

= log = log +𝑐

= log +𝑐

Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION

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𝟏
5) ∫ 𝒅𝒙
sin x+√3cosx 𝒙
Let t= 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝟐 𝟏
Sol: ∫ 𝑑𝑥 6) ∫ 𝒅𝒙 Let 𝑡𝑎𝑛 = 𝑡;
3cos x+ 4sin x+6
sin x+√3cosx 𝟐𝒅𝒕
𝒅𝒙 =
𝟏 𝒕𝟐
Sol: ∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥=
=∫ 3cos x+ 4sin x+6
𝟐𝒕
√ 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 = 𝟏 𝒕𝟐
=∫ 𝑑𝑥= ;
= 2∫ √ √ 𝟏 − 𝒕𝟐
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 =
𝟏 + 𝒕𝟐 cos 𝑥 =
= 2∫
= 2∫− 𝑑𝑡
√
√
= 2∫[ ]
𝑑𝑡
𝑎𝑑𝑑&𝑠𝑢𝑏
= 2∫ 𝑑𝑡
= =
√ × √ 𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓 8 4
= =
2 3×2 3
=− ∫ 𝑑𝑡 = ∫ 𝑑𝑡
√
√ √ √

=− ∫ 𝑑𝑡
√ = ∫ 𝑑𝑡
√

=− ∫ 𝑑𝑡 = ∫ 𝑑𝑡
√ ( )
√ ( )
= ∫ 𝑑𝑡 𝟏 𝟏 𝒂+𝒙 = ∫ 𝑑𝑡
√ ( )
√ √ ∴ 𝒅𝒙 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 +𝑪 ( )
√
𝒂𝟐 −𝒙 𝟐 𝟐𝒂 𝒂−𝒙 1 1 𝑥
∴ 𝑑𝑥 = tan +𝑐
𝑎 +𝑥 𝑎 𝑎

√ √
= log +𝑐
√ .(
√
)
√ √
= √
tan √
+𝐶

√
= log +𝑐 = tan +𝐶
√ √ √

√
= log +𝑐 = tan + 𝐶.
√ √
√

Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION

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𝟏
7) ∫ 5+4cos2x 𝒅𝒙

𝟏 Let t = 𝒕𝒂𝒏(𝒙)
𝒔𝒐𝒍: ∫ 5+4cos2x 𝒅𝒙 𝟏 Let t = 𝒕𝒂𝒏(𝒙)
𝒅𝒕 8) ∫ 𝒅𝒙
𝒅𝒙 = 2-3cos2x
𝟏 𝒕𝟐 𝒅𝒕
𝒅𝒙 = 𝟏 𝒕𝟐
𝟐𝒕 𝟏
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒙 = 𝒔𝒐𝒍: ∫ 𝒅𝒙 𝟐𝒕
𝟏 𝒕𝟐 2-3cos2x 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒙 =
=∫ 𝟏 𝒕𝟐
𝟏 − 𝒕𝟐
𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐 𝒙 = 𝟏 − 𝒕𝟐
𝟏 + 𝒕𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐 𝒙 =
𝟏 + 𝒕𝟐
=∫
=∫ =∫ [ ]
𝑑𝑡

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝒙
∴ ∫ 𝒂𝟐 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒂 𝐭𝐚𝐧 +c =∫ =∫ [ 𝑑𝑡
=∫ [ ]
𝑑𝑡 𝒙𝟐 𝒂
]

= tan +𝐶 =∫ 𝑑𝑡 𝟏 𝟏 𝒙−𝒂
(√ ) ∴ 𝒅𝒙 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 +𝒄
𝒙𝟐 − 𝒂𝟐 𝟐𝒂 𝒙+𝒂

( ) √
= tan +𝐶 = log
√ √

√
= log +𝑐
√ √

Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION

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[𝑻𝒚𝒑𝒆 − 𝑰𝑰] 𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥

4cosx+5sinx
𝟐𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 𝟑𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 𝒅
9) ∫ 𝒅𝒙 𝑹𝒖𝒍𝒆: 𝑵𝒓 = 𝑨
𝒅𝒙
(𝑫𝒓) + 𝑩(𝑫𝒓)
4cosx+5sinx
[ ] [ ]
Sol:2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 =∫ 𝑑𝑥
4cosx+5sinx
= 𝐴 [4𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 5𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥]′ + 𝐵 [4𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 5𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 ]
(4cosx+5sinx) (4cosx+5sinx)
=− ∫ (4cosx+5sinx) + ∫ (4cosx+5sinx) 𝑑𝑥
⇨ 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
= 𝐴 [−4𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 5𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥] + 𝐵 [4𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 5𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 ]

⇨2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝒇 (𝒙) ∴ 𝟏𝒅𝒙 = 𝒙 + 𝒄
= −4𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 5𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 4𝐵𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 5𝐵𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 ∴∫ 𝒅𝒙=𝒍𝒐𝒈|𝒇(𝒙)|+c
𝒇(𝒙)

⇨2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥(−4𝐴 + 5𝐵) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥(5𝐴 + 4𝐵)

𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑐𝑜 − 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑓 𝐼 =− 𝑙𝑜𝑔|(4cosx+5sinx)| + 𝑥 + 𝑐.

𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥⇨5𝐴 + 4𝐵 = 2;
⇨ 5𝐴 + 4𝐵 − 2 = 0 … (1)
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥⇨−4𝐴 + 5𝐵 = 3;
⇨−4𝐴 + 5𝐵 − 3 = 0 … . (2)
𝟗𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 𝒅
10) ∫ 4sinx+5cosx 𝒅𝒙 𝑹𝒖𝒍𝒆: 𝑵𝒓 = 𝑨 (𝑫𝒓) + 𝑩(𝑫𝒓)
𝒅𝒙
𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔(1)& (2)
𝑠𝑜𝑙:
9𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 = 𝐴 [4sinx+5cosx]′ + 𝐵 [4sinx+5cosx ]
5 4 -2 5
-4 5 -3 -4
⇨ 9𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 = 𝐴 [4𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 5𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥] + 𝐵 [4sinx+5cosx ]
( ) ( )
(𝐴, 𝐵) = , ⇨9𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 = 4𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 5𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 4𝐵𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 5𝐵𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
( ) ( )

= , = , ⇨9𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥(−5𝐴 + 4𝐵) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥(4𝐴 + 5𝐵)

Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION

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𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑐𝑜 − 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑓 Let t= 𝒕𝒂𝒏

𝒙
;
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 𝟑𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 𝟕 𝟐
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥⇨4𝐴 + 5𝐵 = 9 11) ∫ 𝒅𝒙
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 𝟏 𝟐𝒅𝒕
⇨ 4𝐴 + 5𝐵 − 9 = 0 … . . (1) 𝑠𝑜𝑙: 𝒅𝒙=
𝟏 𝒕𝟐
;
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥⇨−5𝐴 + 4𝐵 = −1;
𝟏 𝒕𝟐
⇨−5𝐴 + 4𝐵 + 1 = 0 … . (2) 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 =
Consider: 𝟏 𝒕𝟐
𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔(1)& (2) 𝟐𝒕
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙=𝟏
I =∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝒕𝟐
4 5 -9 4 cos x+ sin x+1

-5 4 1 -5
( )
=∫
(𝐴, 𝐵) = ,
( ) ( )

= , = [1, 1] =∫

9𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
= ∫[ 2𝑑𝑡
=1 [4𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 5𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥] + 1 [4𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 5𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥] ] 𝟏
∴ 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒍𝒐𝒈|𝒙| + 𝑪
∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝒙
sinx+5cosx
( ) [ ]
=∫ [ ]
𝑑𝑡
=∫ 𝑑𝑥
sinx+5cosx
( sinx+5cosx) ( sinx+5cosx)
= 1∫ + 1∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫[ 𝑑𝑡
( sinx+5cosx) ( sinx+5cosx)
]

= 𝑙𝑜𝑔|1 + 𝑡| + 𝐶
𝒇 (𝒙) ∴ 𝟏𝒅𝒙 = 𝒙 + 𝒄
∴∫ 𝒅𝒙=𝒍𝒐𝒈|𝒇(𝒙)|+c I = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 +𝐶
𝒇(𝒙)

𝐼 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔|(4sinx+5cosx)| + 𝑥 + 𝑐.

[𝑻𝒚𝒑𝒆 − 𝑰𝑰𝑰 = 𝑰 + 𝑰𝑰]

Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION

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𝑑
𝑅𝑢𝑙𝑒: 𝑁𝑟 = 𝐴 (𝐷𝑟) + 𝐵(𝐷𝑟) + 𝑘
𝑑𝑥
I=∫ 𝑑𝑥
cosx+sinx+1
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 7 = 𝐴 [cosx+sinx+1] + 𝐵 [cosx+sinx+1] + 𝑘
= 𝐴 – 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝐵 [cosx+sinx+1] + 𝑘 −1 [𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 1] + 2 [𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 1] + 5
= 𝑑𝑥
cosx+sinx+1
= −𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝐵𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝐵𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝐵 + 𝑘
⇨𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 7 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥(−𝐴 + 𝐵) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥(𝐴 + 𝐵) + (𝐵 + 𝑘) (cosx+sinx+1)′ (cosx+sinx+1)𝑑𝑥
= −1 +2
(cosx+sinx+1) (cosx+sinx+1)
𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜 − 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 5
+ 𝑑𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ⇨𝐴 + 𝐵 = 1; cos x + sin x +1
⇨ 𝐴 + 𝐵 − 1 = 0 … . . (1)

𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 ⇨−𝐴 + 𝐵 = 3; 𝒇 (𝒙)

∫ 𝒅𝒙=𝒍𝒐𝒈|𝒇(𝒙)|+c ∴ 𝟏𝒅𝒙 = 𝒙 + 𝒄
⇨−𝐴 + 𝐵 − 3 = 0 … . (2) 𝒇(𝒙)

And B+ k=7… (3)

=−1𝑙𝑜𝑔|(cosx+sinx+1)| + 2𝑥 + 5𝑙𝑜𝑔 1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 +𝐶

𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 (1)And (2) {fromI }
1 1 -1 1
-1 1 -3 -1
𝐼=−1𝑙𝑜𝑔|(cosx+sinx+1)| + 2𝑥 + 5𝑙𝑜𝑔 1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 +𝐶
( ) ( )
(𝐴, 𝐵) = ,
( ) ( )

= ,

= [−1, 2] Sub the value of B=2 in (3)

𝑘 =7−2=5

Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION

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𝒅
𝑹𝒖𝒍𝒆: 𝑵𝒓 = 𝑨 (𝑫𝒓) + 𝑩(𝑫𝒓) + 𝒌
𝟐𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐱 𝟑𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐱 𝟒 𝒅𝒙
12) ∫ 𝟑𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐱 𝟒𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐱 𝟓
𝐝𝐱
𝑠𝑜𝑙:
Let t= 𝒕𝒂𝒏
𝒙
; Nr = 2sinx + 3cosx + 4
𝟐
Consider: = 𝐴 [3sinx + 4cosx + 5] + 𝐵 [3sinx + 4cosx + 5] + 𝑘
𝟐𝒅𝒕
I =∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝒅𝒙= 𝟏 𝒕𝟐
;
= 𝐴 [3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 4𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥] + 𝐵 [3sinx + 4cosx + 5] + 𝑘
𝟏 𝒕𝟐
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 = = 3𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 4𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 3𝐵𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 4𝐵𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 5𝐵 + 𝑘
𝟏 𝒕𝟐
=∫ 𝟐𝒕 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 (−4𝐴 + 3𝐵 ) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 (3𝐴 + 4𝐵 ) + (5𝐵 + 𝑘)
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙=
𝟏 𝒕𝟐

𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜 − 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓

=∫

𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ⇨3𝐴 + 4𝐵 = 3;
⇨ 3𝐴 + 4𝐵 − 3 = 0 … . . (1)
=∫
𝟏 𝟏
∴ 𝒅𝒙 = − + 𝑪 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 ⇨−4𝐴 + 3𝐵 = 2;
𝒙𝟐 𝒙
⇨−4𝐴 + 3𝐵 − 2 = 0 … . . (2)
=∫ 2𝑑𝑡
( )

5𝐵 + 𝑘 = 4 … … (3)

= 2[ ]

𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑒𝑞 𝑛 (1 )& (2)

=

1 x y
3 4 -3 3
( ) ( )
-4 3 -2 -4 (𝐴, 𝐵) = ( )
, ( )
= ,
𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 (3) ⇨ 5𝐵 + 𝑘 = 4
⇨𝑘 = 4 − 5
⇨𝑘 = 4 − = =

Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION

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 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

Model-3: REDUCTION FORMULAE

I= [3sinx + 4cosx + 5] + [3sinx + 4cosx + 5] + 1) If 𝐈𝒏 = ∫ 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒏 𝒙𝒅𝒙, then show that
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒏 𝟏 𝒙𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 𝒏 𝟏
𝐈𝒏 = −
𝒏
+
𝒏
𝐈𝒏 𝟐 𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒉𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒅 𝐈𝟒 .
[ ] [ ]
I= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
Sol:I = ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑑𝑥=∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥

( ) ( ) Here 𝑈 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 ⇨ 𝑈′ = (𝑛 − 1) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)

= ∫ ( )
+ ∫ ( )
v
V=sinx ⇨∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥 = −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑐
+ ∫ 𝑑𝑥
By using integration by parts
(𝑈𝑉)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑈 𝑉𝑑𝑥 − [𝑈′ 𝑉𝑑𝑥]𝑑𝑥

∴ 𝟏𝒅𝒙 = 𝒙 + 𝒄
𝒇 (𝒙) 𝐈𝒏 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥.(−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)
∫ 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒍𝒐𝒈|𝒇(𝒙)|+c
𝒇(𝒙)
− ∫(𝑛 − 1)𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)(−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)]𝑑𝑥

𝐈𝒏 =−𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + (n-1)∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥(1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥)𝑑𝑥

= 𝑙𝑜𝑔|(3sinx + 4cosx + 5)| + 𝑥+

=‘’ + (n-1)∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑑𝑥 − (𝑛 − 1) ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑑𝑥
{From I }
I = −𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + (n − 1)I − (𝑛 − 1)I
I= 𝑙𝑜𝑔|3sinx + 4cosx + 5| + 𝑥+ +C
I + (𝑛 − 1)I =−𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + (n − 1)I

I (1 + 𝑛 − 1)=−𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + (n − 1)I

I (𝑛)=−𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + (n − 1)I

I =− + I

Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION

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Now
I =− + I =‘’ + (n-1)∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥𝑑𝑥 − (𝑛 − 1) ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥𝑑𝑥

=− + I I = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + (n − 1)I − (𝑛 − 1)I

=− + [− + I ]
I + (𝑛 − 1)I =𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + (n − 1)I
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 3 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 3
=− − + I
4 4 2 8 I (1 + 𝑛 − 1)=𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + (n − 1)I

[I = ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 1𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 + 𝑐]
I (𝑛)=𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + (n − 1)I

I =− − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑥 + 𝑐.
I = + I
Now
2) If 𝐈𝒏 = ∫ 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒏 𝒙𝒅𝒙, then show that I = + I
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒏 𝟏 𝒙𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 𝒏 𝟏
𝐈𝒏 =
𝒏
+
𝒏
𝐈𝒏 𝟐 𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒉𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒅𝐈𝟓, 𝐈𝟒 . = + I

= + [ + I ]
Sol: I = ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥𝑑𝑥=∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥

Here 𝑈 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 ⇨ 𝑈′ = (𝑛 − 1) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥(−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 3 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 3

= + + I
4 4 2 8
V=cosx ⇨∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐
By using integration by parts [I = ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 1𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 + 𝑐]
(𝑈𝑉)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑈 𝑉𝑑𝑥 − [𝑈′ 𝑉𝑑𝑥]𝑑𝑥

I = + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑥 + 𝑐.

𝐈𝒏 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥.(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)
− (𝑛 − 1)𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥(−𝑠𝑖𝑛)(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)]𝑑𝑥

𝐈𝒏 =𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + (n-1)∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥)𝑑𝑥

Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION

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 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

= −I = −[ −I ]
3) Find the reduction formula for ∫ 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒏 𝒙𝒅𝒙 and hence
find∫ 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟔 𝒙𝒅𝒙. = − +I
Sol: 𝐈𝒏 = ∫ 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒏 𝒙𝒅𝒙

= ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 ( 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = − +[ −I ]

= ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 (𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 − 1)𝑑𝑥 = − + −I

= ∫[𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 ]𝑑𝑥

= − + −𝑥+𝐶
= ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥𝑑𝑥
4) Find the reduction formula for ∫ 𝒄𝒐𝒕𝒏 𝒙𝒅𝒙 and hence
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 = 𝑡 Diff w.r.t.’x’ find∫ 𝒄𝒐𝒕𝟒 𝒙𝒅𝒙.
𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡 Sol: 𝐈𝒏 = ∫ 𝒄𝒐𝒕𝒏 𝒙𝒅𝒙

I = ∫𝑡 𝑑𝑡 − I = ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥 ( 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥)𝑑𝑥

I = −I = ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 − 1)𝑑𝑥

= ∫[𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥 ]𝑑𝑥

I = −I
= ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥𝑑𝑥
I = −I
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 = 𝑡 Diff w.r.t.’x’
case(1): if n is even, I 𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎI . −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡
{I = ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 1𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 + 𝐶}
I = −∫𝑡 𝑑𝑡 − I
case(2): if n is odd, I 𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎI .
{I = ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔|𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥| + 𝐶} I =− −I

Now I = −I

Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION

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 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

I =− −I 5) If 𝐈𝒏 = ∫ 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒏 𝒙𝒅𝒙, then show that

𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒏 𝟐 𝒙𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙 𝒏 𝟐
𝐈𝒏 = − + 𝐈
𝒏 𝟏 𝒏 𝟏 𝒏 𝟐
I =− −I
Sol:I = ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥𝑑𝑥
case(1): if n is even, I 𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎI .
U=𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥⇨𝑢 = (𝑛 − 2)𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥(𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥)
{I = ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 1𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 + 𝐶}
V=𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 ⇨ ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐
case(2): if n is odd, I 𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎI .
By using integration by parts
{I = ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔|𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥| + 𝐶}
(𝒖𝒗)𝒅𝒙 = 𝑼 𝑽𝒅𝒙 − [𝑼′ 𝑽𝒅𝒙]𝒅𝒙
Now I = − −I

I = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥𝑑𝑥

=− − I =− − [− −I ]
− ∫{(𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥)′ ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥
=− + +I
= 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥– ∫{(𝑛 − 2)𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥 . (tanx)} dx

=− + 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 + 𝑥 + 𝐶 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 − (𝑛 − 2) 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥𝑑𝑥

=𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 − (𝑛 − 2) ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥(𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 − 1) 𝑑𝑥

=′′ − (𝑛 − 2) ∫(𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 − 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥

=′′ − (𝑛 − 2) ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥𝑑𝑥 + (𝑛 − 2) ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥𝑑𝑥

I = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 − (𝑛 − 2)I + (𝑛 − 2)I

I + (𝑛 − 2)I = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 + (𝑛 − 2)I

I (1 + 𝑛 − 2) = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 + (𝑛 − 2)I

Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION

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 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

I (𝑛 − 1) = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 + (𝑛 − 2)I

= −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 − (𝑛 − 2) 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 𝑐𝑜 𝑡 𝑥𝑑𝑥
.
I = + I
=−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 − (𝑛 − 2) ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 − 1) 𝑑𝑥
.
Now I = + I
=′′ − (𝑛 − 2) ∫(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
.
I = + I
=′′ − (𝑛 − 2) ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥𝑑𝑥 + (𝑛 − 2) ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥𝑑𝑥
. .
I = + { + I }
I = −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 − (𝑛 − 2)I + (𝑛 − 2)I

𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥. 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 3 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥. 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 3

I = + + log|𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥| + 𝑐 I + (𝑛 − 2)I = −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 + (𝑛 − 2)I
4 8 1 8
I (1 + 𝑛 − 2) = −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 + (𝑛 − 2)I
6) If 𝐈𝒏 = ∫ 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒏 𝒙𝒅𝒙, then show that
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒏 𝟐 𝒙𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙 𝒏 𝟐
I (𝑛 − 1) = −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 + (𝑛 − 2)I
𝐈𝒏 = − + 𝐈𝒏 𝟐
𝒏 𝟏 𝒏 𝟏

I = + I
Sol:I = ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥𝑑𝑥
.
U=𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 Now I = − + I
⇨𝑢 = (𝑛 − 2)𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥(−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥)
.
V=𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 ⇨ ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = −𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 + 𝑐 I =− + I
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥. 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 3 −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥. 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 1
By using integration by parts I =− + { + I }
4 4 2 2
(𝑢𝑣)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑈 𝑉𝑑𝑥 − [𝑈′ 𝑉𝑑𝑥]𝑑𝑥

𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥. 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 3 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥. 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 3

I =− − + log|𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑥 − 𝑐𝑡𝑥| + 𝑐
4 8 1 8
= −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥– ∫{(𝑛 − 2)𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥𝑑𝑥 .
(tanx)} dx

Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION

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7) If ∫ 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒎 𝒙𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒏 𝒙𝒅𝒙, then show that

( )
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒏 𝟏 𝒙𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒎 𝟏 𝒙 𝒏 − 𝟏 = ′′ + ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥)𝑑𝑥
𝐈𝒎,𝒏 = + 𝐈
𝒎+𝒏 𝒎 + 𝒏 𝒎,𝒏 𝟐

( )
Sol:I = ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = ′′ + ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑑𝑥
( )
- ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥𝑑𝑥
=∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥
( )
= (𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥)(𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = ′′ + ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑑𝑥
( )
- ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑑𝑥

Here 𝑈 = (𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥) ⇨ 𝑈′ = (𝑛 − 1) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥(−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥) ( ) ( )

I , =𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 − I , − I ,

V=𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥⇨∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥

( ) ( )
∴f(x) =𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥, 𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 I , + I , =𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 + I ,

⇨𝑉 =
( )
By using integration by parts I , (1 + )=𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 + I ,

(𝑢𝑣)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑈 𝑉𝑑𝑥 − [𝑈′ 𝑉𝑑𝑥]𝑑𝑥

( )
I , ( )=𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 + I ,

I , =𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥.∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥

( )
− {(𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥)′ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥}𝑑𝑥 I , ( )=𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 + I ,

( )
I , =𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 + I ,
=𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
− (𝑛 − 1) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥(−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
𝑚+1

( )
= ′′ + ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑑𝑥

( )
= ′′ + ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑑𝑥

Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION

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Model-4: Integration by using partial fraction

𝟐𝒙 𝟑
3 3 17 1 𝑥
1) ∫ (𝒙 𝐝𝐱. =− log|(x + 3)| + log|𝑥 + 2 | + . tan +𝑐
𝟑)(𝒙𝟐 𝟒) 13 26 13 2 2
Sol:
𝟐𝒙 𝟑
Let (𝒙 = +
𝟑)(𝒙𝟐 𝟒) 3 3 17 𝑥
=− log|(x + 3)| + log|𝑥 + 2 | + tan +𝑐
13 26 26 2
( )( )
=
( )( )

𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐱.𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐱
⇨ (2x+3) = A(𝑥 + 4) + (Bx + C)(𝑥 + 3) … (1) 2) ∫ 𝐝𝐱
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐 𝐱 𝟑𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐱 𝟐

Put x=-3⇨A= 𝑎𝑛𝑑

𝐒𝐨𝐥: 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = 𝑡 ⇨ −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡
𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜 − 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 .
∫ dx = ∫ (−dt)
⇨A+B=0⇨B =
= −∫( )(
(dt)
Constant terms: 4A+3C=3 )

⇨3𝑐 = 3 + 4( ) 𝑙𝑒𝑡 ( )(
=( )
+
) ( )

⇨3𝑐 = = ∴𝑐 = ⇨ 𝑡 = 𝐴(𝑡 + 2) + 𝐵(𝑡 + 1)…..(1)

dx=∫ + 𝑑𝑥 𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑡 = −1 ⇨ −1 = 𝐴(−1 + 2) +B (-1+1)

∫( )( ) ( ) ⇨ 𝐴 = −1

3 1 3 x 17 1 𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑡 = −2 ⇨ −2 = 𝐴(−2 + 2) +B (-2+1)

=− dx + dx + dx
13 x+3 13 𝑥 +4 13 𝑥 +4 ⇨𝐵=2
𝟏
𝒅𝒙 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠|𝒙| + 𝒄
𝒙
−∫( (dt) = − ∫ + dt
)( ) ( ) ( )

3 3 1 2x 17 1
=− log|(x + 3)| + ( ) dx + dx = ∫( dt − 2 ∫ dt = log|𝑡 + 1| − 2 log|𝑡 + 2| + 𝑐
13 13 2 𝑥 +2 13 𝑥 +2 ) ( )

𝒇 (𝒙) 𝟏 𝟏 𝒙
∴∫
𝒇(𝒙)
𝒅𝒙=𝒍𝒐𝒈|𝒇(𝒙)|+c ∴
𝒂𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐
𝒅𝒙 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟏
𝒂 𝒂 = log|𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 1| − 2 log|𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 2| + 𝑐
+𝒄

Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION

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Integration by parts 4) Using integration by parts, evaluate∫ 𝑒 sin(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐) 𝑑𝑥

Sol:”
(𝑢𝑣)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑈 𝑉𝑑𝑥 − [𝑈′ 𝑉𝑑𝑥]𝑑𝑥
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 sin(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐) 𝑑𝑥
ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑢 = sin(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐) ⇨ 𝑢 = cos(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐) 𝑏
𝐱 𝐚𝟐 𝒙
3) 𝑺𝒉𝒐𝒘 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 ∫ √𝒂𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙 = √𝒂𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡 𝟏
+𝒄
𝟐 𝟐 𝒂 𝑣=𝑒 ⇨ ∫𝑒 𝑑𝑥 = +𝑐
Sol:
Let 𝐼 = ∫ √𝒂𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙 = ∫ 𝟏. √𝒂𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙 𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑦 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑠 ∫(𝑢𝑣)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑈 ∫ 𝑉𝑑𝑥 − ∫[𝑈′ ∫ 𝑉𝑑𝑥]𝑑𝑥
𝟏 𝒙
ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑢 = √𝒂𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐 ⇨𝒖 = (𝟎 + 𝟐𝒙) = 𝐼 = sin(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐) −
∫ ( )
𝑑𝑥
𝟐 𝒂𝟐 𝒙 𝟐 𝒂 𝟐 𝒙𝟐
𝑣 = 1 ⇨ ∫ 1𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 + 𝑐 𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑦 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑠

𝒙
𝐼 = sin(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐) − ∫ {cos(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐) 𝑒 }𝑑𝑥
𝐼 = √𝒂𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐 . 𝒙 − ∫ . 𝒙𝒅𝒙
𝒂𝟐 𝒙 𝟐
𝑎𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑏𝑦 𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑦 𝑝𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑠
𝒙𝟐 ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑢 = cos(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐) ⇨ 𝑢 = −sin(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐)𝑏
⇨𝐼 = √𝒂𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐 . 𝒙 − ∫ 𝒅𝒙
𝒂𝟐 𝒙𝟐
𝑣=𝑒 ⇨ ∫𝑒 𝑑𝑥 = +𝑐
𝒂𝟐 𝒙𝟐 𝒂𝟐
⇨𝐼 = √𝒂𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐 . 𝒙 − ∫ 𝒅𝒙
𝒂 𝟐 𝒙𝟐
𝐼 = sin(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐) − cos(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐)
( ).
𝒂 𝟐 𝒙𝟐 𝒂𝟐 − ∫ sin 𝑑𝑥
⇨𝐼 = √𝒂𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐 . 𝒙 − ∫ 𝒅𝒙 + ∫ 𝒅𝒙
𝒂𝟐 𝒙 𝟐 𝒂 𝟐 𝒙𝟐
( )
𝟏 𝐼= − 𝑒 cos(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐)
⇨𝐼 = √𝒂𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐 . 𝒙 − ∫ √𝒂𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙 + 𝒂𝟐 ∫ 𝒅𝒙
𝒂𝟐 𝒙 𝟐
− ∫𝑒 sin(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐) 𝑑𝑥
𝒙
⇨𝐼 = 𝑥√𝒂𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐 − 𝑰 + 𝒂𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡 𝟏
+𝒄 ( )
𝒂
𝐼= − 𝑒 cos(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐) − 𝐼
( )
⇨ 2𝐼 = 𝑥√𝒂𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒂𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡 𝟏 𝒙
+𝒄 𝐼+ 𝐼 = − 𝑒 cos(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐)
𝒂
𝐼 = 𝑒 sin(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐) − 𝑒 cos(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐)
𝐱 𝐚𝟐 𝟏 𝒙
⇨𝑰 = √𝒂𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡 +𝒄
𝟐 𝟐 𝒂
∴𝐼= [asin(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐) − 𝑏𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐)]
( )

𝐱 𝐚𝟐 𝟏 𝒙
∴∫ √𝒂𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙 = √𝒂𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡 + 𝒄.
𝟐 𝟐 𝒂

Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION

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[ ]
=
𝝅/𝟒 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙
1. ∫𝟎 𝟗 𝟏𝟔𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒙
𝒅𝒙

𝑠𝑜𝑙: 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 = 𝒕

= log − log
(𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙)𝒅𝒙 = 𝒅𝒕
𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓 . 𝑤. 𝑟. 𝑡 ′𝑥 ′

𝐿. 𝐿: 𝑥 = 0 ⇨ 𝑡 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑜 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑜 = 0 − 1 = −1 = log 1 − log 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟏 = 𝟎

𝑈. 𝐿: 𝑥 = ⇨ 𝑡 = sin – cos = − =0
√ √

= [0 − log 3 ]
And 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = 𝑡 S.O.B
⇨ (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥) = 𝑡
⇨𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 − 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = 𝑡
⇨1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 = 𝑡 = [2 log 3]
⇨ 𝟏 − 𝒕𝟐 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒙

/
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥 = log 3

=∫ 𝑑𝑡
( )

=∫ 𝑑𝑡

=∫ 𝑑𝑡
𝟏 𝟏 𝒂 𝒙
∴∫ 𝒅𝒙 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 +𝒄
𝒂𝟐 𝒙𝟐 𝟐𝒂 𝒂 𝒙
=∫ 𝑑𝑡
( ) ( )

Laq Q.No 23 Laq Q.No 23

DEFINITE INTEGRALS DEFINITE INTEGRALS

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 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

𝟏 𝐥𝐨𝐠(𝟏 𝒙) /
2. ∫𝟎 𝒅𝒙 𝐼=∫ log 𝑑𝜃 𝐥𝐨𝐠( 𝒂/𝒃) = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒂 − 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒃
(𝟏 𝒙𝟐 )

𝑠𝑜𝑙: 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝒙 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝜽

/ /
𝒅𝒙 = 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝜽𝒅𝜽 𝐼=∫ log 2𝑑𝜃 − ∫ log(1 + tanθ) 𝑑𝜃
𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓 . 𝑤. 𝑟. 𝑡 ′𝑥 ′

/
𝐿. 𝐿: 𝑥 = 0 ⇨ 𝜃 = 0 𝐼+𝐼=∫ log 2𝑑𝜃

𝑈. 𝐿: 𝑥 = 1 ⇨ 𝜃 =
( ) /
∫ log ( 𝑑𝑥 2𝐼 = log 2 ∫ (1)𝑑𝜃
)

/ ( )
=∫ . 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃𝑑𝜃 /
( ) 2𝐼 = log 2[𝜃]

/
𝐼=∫ log(1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 )𝑑𝜃 … … … . . (1)
2𝐼 = log 2 −0
𝒂 𝒂

∴ 𝒇(𝒙)𝒅𝒙 = 𝒇(𝒂 − 𝒙)𝒅𝒙

𝟎 𝟎
𝐼 = log 2
/
𝐼=∫ log 1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 −𝜃 𝑑𝜃

/
𝐼=∫ log 1 + 𝑑𝜃

/
𝐼=∫ log 𝑑𝜃

Laq Q.No 23 Laq Q.No 23

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 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

2𝐼 = 𝜋 ∫ . − 𝑑𝑥
𝝅 𝒙.𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙
3. ∫𝟎 𝒅𝒙
𝟏 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙
Sol: 2𝐼 = 𝜋 ∫ [𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥. 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥]𝑑𝑥
.
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥
2𝐼 = 𝜋 ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥. 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥. 𝑑𝑥 - 𝜋 ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝒂 𝒂
∴ ∫𝟎 𝒇(𝒙)𝒅𝒙 = ∫𝟎 𝒇(𝒂 − 𝒙)𝒅𝒙
𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙. 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒙. 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒙 + 𝒄

( ). ( )
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥
( )
2𝐼 = 𝜋[𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥] - 𝜋 ∫ (𝑠𝑒𝑥 𝑥 − 1)𝑑𝑥
( ).
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝒔𝒆𝒙𝟐 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙 + 𝒄 𝟏. 𝒅𝒙𝒙 + 𝒄

.
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑑𝑥
2𝐼 = 𝜋[𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜋 − 𝑠𝑒𝑐0] - 𝜋[𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥] -𝜋[𝑥]
𝐼 +𝐼 = 𝜋∫ 𝑑𝑥
2𝐼 = 𝜋[−1 − 1] - 𝜋[0 − 0] + 𝜋[𝜋 − 0]
( )
2𝐼 = 𝜋 ∫ ( )(
𝑑𝑥 2𝐼 = −2𝜋 +𝜋
)

2𝐼 = 𝜋 ∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝐼= −𝜋
( )

2𝐼 = 𝜋 ∫ 𝑑𝑥
( )

Laq Q.No 23 Laq Q.No 23

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𝝅 𝒙
4. ∫𝟎 𝒅𝒙 2𝐼 = 𝜋 ∫ − . 𝑑𝑥
𝟏 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙
Sol:
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥 2𝐼 = 𝜋 ∫ [𝑠𝑒𝑥 𝑥 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥. 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥]𝑑𝑥

𝒂 𝒂
∴ ∫𝟎 𝒇(𝒙)𝒅𝒙 = ∫𝟎 𝒇(𝒂 − 𝒙)𝒅𝒙
𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙. 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒙. 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒙 + 𝒄 𝒔𝒆𝒙𝟐 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙 + 𝒄

( )
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥 2𝐼 = 𝜋[𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥] - 𝜋[𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥]
( )

( )
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥
2𝐼 = 𝜋[𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜋 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛0]- 𝜋[𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜋 − 𝑠𝑒𝑐0]

𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑑𝑥
2𝐼 = 𝜋[0 − 0] - 𝜋[−1 − 1]
𝐼 +𝐼 = 𝜋∫ 𝑑𝑥
2𝐼 = 2𝜋

( ) 𝐼 =𝜋
2𝐼 = 𝜋 ∫ ( )(
𝑑𝑥
)

2𝐼 = 𝜋 ∫ 𝑑𝑥
( )

2𝐼 = 𝜋 ∫ 𝑑𝑥
( )

Laq Q.No 23 Laq Q.No 23

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5. ∫𝟎
𝝅 𝒙.𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙
𝒅𝒙 𝐿. 𝐿: 𝑥 = 0 ⇨ 𝑡 = 1 ; 𝑈. 𝐿: 𝑥 = 𝜋 ⇨ 𝑡 = −1
𝟏 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝒙
𝑆𝑜𝑙:
𝐼=∫
.
𝑑𝑥 ⇨2𝐼 = 𝜋 ∫ 𝑑𝑡

𝒂 𝒂
∴ ∫𝟎 𝒇(𝒙)𝒅𝒙 = ∫𝟎 𝒇(𝒂 − 𝒙)𝒅𝒙
⇨2𝐼 = 𝜋 ∫ 𝑑𝑡

( ). ( )
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥 2𝐼 = 𝜋[tan 𝑡]
( )

( ). 2𝐼 = 𝜋[tan (1) − tan (−1)]

𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥

.
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑑𝑥 2𝐼 = 𝜋 +

𝐼 +𝐼 = 𝜋∫ 𝑑𝑥 2𝐼 = 𝜋 2. =𝜋 .

2𝐼 = 𝜋 ∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝐼=

𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = 𝑡 ⇨ −𝑠𝑖𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡

𝑜𝑟 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙𝒅𝒙 = −𝒅𝒕

Laq Q.No 23 Laq Q.No 23

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𝝅 𝒙.𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑 𝒙
6. ∫𝟎 𝟏 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝒙
𝒅𝒙
𝐿. 𝐿: 𝑥 = 0 ⇨ 𝑡 = 1 ; 𝑈. 𝐿: 𝑥 = 𝜋 ⇨ 𝑡 = −1
𝑆𝑜𝑙:
𝒙.𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑 𝒙
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝟏 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝒙
( )
𝒂 𝒂 ⇨2𝐼 = 𝜋 ∫ 𝑑𝑡
∴ ∫𝟎 𝒇(𝒙)𝒅𝒙 = ∫𝟎 𝒇(𝒂 − 𝒙)𝒅𝒙

⇨2𝐼 = 𝜋 ∫ 𝑑𝑡
( ).𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑 ( )
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥
( )
= 𝜋∫ 𝑑𝑡
( ).𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥
⇨2𝐼 = 𝜋 ∫ 1− 𝑑𝑡
.
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑑𝑥

2𝐼 = 𝜋[t − 2tan 𝑡]
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑
𝐼 +𝐼 = 𝜋∫ 𝑑𝑥
2𝐼 = 𝜋[−1 − 1] − 2𝜋[tan (−1) − tan (1)]
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑
= 𝜋∫ 𝑑𝑥

2𝐼 = −2𝜋 + 2𝜋 +
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = 𝑡 ⇨ −𝑠𝑖𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡
𝑜𝑟 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙𝒅𝒙 = −𝒅𝒕
2𝐼 = −2𝜋 + 2𝜋
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 = 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 = 1 − 𝑡
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑 𝑥 = −(1 − 𝑡 )𝑑𝑡
𝐼 = −𝜋 +

= (𝜋 − 2)

Laq Q.No 23 Laq Q.No 23

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𝝅/𝟐 𝒙
7. ∫𝟎 𝒅𝒙 𝐼= ∫ [ ( ) ( ) ]
𝑑𝑡
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙

𝐼= ∫ 𝑑𝑡
( ) (√ )
𝑠𝑜𝑙:
/
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝐼= ∫ 𝑑𝑡
(√ ) ( )
𝒂 𝒂
∴ ∫𝟎 𝒇(𝒙)𝒅𝒙 = ∫𝟎 𝒇(𝒂 − 𝒙)𝒅𝒙
𝟏 𝟏 𝒂 𝒙
∴∫ 𝒅𝒙 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 +𝒄
𝒂𝟐 𝒙𝟐 𝟐𝒂 𝒂 𝒙

/ ( )
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥
( ) ( )
√
2𝐼 = log
√ √
/ ( )
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥
√ √
𝐼= log − log
√ √ √

/ /
=∫ 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑑𝑥 √
𝐼= log|1| + log
√ √

/ √
𝐼+𝐼= ∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝐼= log
√ √

/
2𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝐼= log
(√ )(√ )
Let t= 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ; √ (√ )(√ )

𝑑𝑥= ;
2𝐼 = ∫ ( ) (√ )
( ) cos 𝑥 = 𝐼= log
√ √
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥=
2𝐼 = ∫ ( ) 𝐼= log
(√ )
√

2𝐼 = 2 ∫ 𝑑𝑡 𝐼= log(√2 + 1)
( ) √

Laq Q.No 23 Laq Q.No 23

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𝝅/𝟐
8. ∫𝟎 𝒅𝒙 𝐼=∫ [ ( ) ( ) ]
𝑑𝑡
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙
𝐼=∫ ( ) (√ )
𝑑𝑡
𝑠𝑜𝑙:
/
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥 … (1)
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑡
(√ ) ( )
𝒂 𝒂
∴ ∫𝟎 𝒇(𝒙)𝒅𝒙 = ∫𝟎 𝒇(𝒂 − 𝒙)𝒅𝒙
𝟏 𝟏 𝒂 𝒙
∴∫ 𝒅𝒙 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 +𝒄
𝒂𝟐 𝒙𝟐 𝟐𝒂 𝒂 𝒙

/ ( )
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥
( ) ( )
√
2𝐼 = log
√ √
/
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥 … (2)
√ √
𝐼= log − log
√ √ √
𝐴𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 (1) & (2)
√
/ / 𝐼= log|1| + log
=∫ 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥 √ √

√
/
𝐼= log
√ √
𝐼+𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥
(√ )(√ )
/ 𝐼= log
2𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 Let t= 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ; √ (√ )(√ )

2𝐼 = ∫ ( ) 𝑑𝑥= ;
(√ )
( ) 𝐼= log
cos 𝑥 = √ √

2𝐼 = ∫ ( ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥= (√ )
𝐼= log
√

2𝐼 = 2 ∫ 𝑑𝑡 𝐼= log(√2 + 1)
( ) √

Laq Q.No 23 Laq Q.No 23

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𝟗 𝟏
10. ∫𝟒 𝒅𝒙.
(𝟗 𝒙)(𝒙 𝟒)
𝟕 𝟕 𝒙
9. ∫𝟑 𝒅𝒙. 𝑆𝑜𝑙:
𝒙 𝟑
𝑆𝑜𝑙: 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑥 = 4𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 + 9𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃
𝑑𝑥 = 10𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃. 𝑑𝜃
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑥 = 3𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 + 7𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃
𝑑𝑥 = 8𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃. 𝑑𝜃
𝐿. 𝐿: 𝑥 = 4 ⇨ 𝜃 = 0
𝐿. 𝐿: 𝑥 = 3 ⇨ 𝜃 = 0 𝑈. 𝐿: 𝑥 = 7 ⇨ 𝜃 =
𝑈. 𝐿: 𝑥 = 9 ⇨ 𝜃 =
7 − 𝑥 = 7 − 3𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 − 7𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃
= 7(1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃) − 3𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 9 − 𝑥 = 9 − 4𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 − 9𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃
= 7(𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃) − 3𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 = 9(1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃) − 3𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
= 4𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 = 9(𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃) − 4𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
= 5𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
𝑥 − 3 = 3𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 + 7𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 − 3
𝑥 − 4 = 4𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 + 9𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 − 4
= 7𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 − 3(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃)
= 9𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 − 4(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃)
= 7𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 − 3(𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃)
= 9𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 − 4(𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃)
= 4𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃
= 5𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃
∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝟗 𝟏
𝒅𝒙.
∫𝟒 (𝟗 𝒙)(𝒙 𝟒)
/ /
=∫ 8𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑑𝜃 =∫ 10𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑑𝜃
√

/ /
= 8∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 == ∫ 10𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑑𝜃
𝝅/𝟐 𝒏 𝟏 𝐧 𝟑 𝐧 𝟓 𝛑
∫𝟎 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒏 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = . . …
𝒏 𝐧 𝟐 𝐧 𝟒 𝟐 𝝅/𝟐
𝑰 = 𝟐 ∫𝟎 𝟏 𝒅𝒙

= 8. = 2π
/
= 2[𝑥] = =π

Laq Q.No 23 Laq Q.No 23

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𝐚 𝐛 𝐚 𝐛
𝐚 [𝐛 𝐚]𝟐 𝐚
𝟐
(𝒂 − 𝒂)(𝒃 − 𝒂) + 𝟏 𝟐
− 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒃 𝒂
𝟐 𝟒.𝟐
𝒃 𝟐
11. 𝑬𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒆 ∫𝒂 (𝒙 − 𝒂)(𝒙 − 𝒃)𝒅𝒙

Sol: ∫ −(𝑥 − 𝑎)(𝑥 − 𝑏)𝑑𝑥 (𝐛 𝐚) (𝐚 𝐛)

[𝐛 𝐚]𝟐 [𝐛 𝐚]𝟐
= 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟏 𝟐
𝒃 𝒂 − 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟏 𝟐
𝒃 𝒂
𝟖 𝟖
𝟐 𝟐

𝐼=∫ −[𝑥 − (𝑎 + 𝑏)𝑥 + 𝑎𝑏]𝑑𝑥

[𝐛 𝐚]𝟐 𝟏 [𝐛 𝐚]𝟐
= 𝟖
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟏 − 𝟖
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟏 (−𝟏)

[ ] [ ]
=∫ − 𝑥 − (𝑎 + 𝑏)𝑥 + − + 𝑎𝑏 𝑑𝑥
[𝐛 𝐚]𝟐 𝛑 [𝐛 𝐚]𝟐 𝛑 𝛑[𝐛 𝐚]𝟐
= + =
𝟖 𝟐 𝟖 𝟐 𝟖

[ ]
=∫ − 𝑥− − 𝑑𝑥

=∫ − 𝑥− 𝑑𝑥

𝐱 𝐚𝟐 𝟏 𝒙
∴ ∫ √𝒂𝟐 − 𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙 = √𝒂𝟐 − 𝒙𝟐 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 +𝒄
𝟐 𝟐 𝒂

𝐚 𝐛 𝐚 𝐛
𝐱 [𝐛 𝐚]𝟐 𝐱
𝟐
(𝒂 − 𝒙)(𝒃 − 𝒙) + 𝟏 𝟐
𝐼= 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒃 𝒂
𝟐 𝟒.𝟐
𝟐

𝐚 𝐛 𝐚 𝐛
𝐛 [𝐛 𝐚]𝟐 𝐛
𝟐
(𝒂 − 𝒃)(𝒃 − 𝒃) + 𝟏 𝟐
= 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒃 𝒂
𝟐 𝟒.𝟐
𝟐

Laq Q.No 23 Laq Q.No 23

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𝝅
12. ∫𝟎 𝒙. 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟕 𝒙𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟔 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 13. Find the area enclosed by the curves
𝑆𝑜𝑙: 𝒚 = 𝟒𝒂𝒙 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒙𝟐 = 𝟒𝒃𝒚 .
𝟐

𝐼 = ∫ 𝑥. 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 Sol:

Given eq’’n
∴ ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑓(𝑎 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑥 𝑦 = 4𝑎𝑥 ⇨ 𝑦 = √4𝑎𝑥 … (1)

𝒙𝟐
𝒙𝟐 = 𝟒𝒃𝒚 ⇨ 𝒚 = … . . (2)
𝐼 = ∫ (𝜋 − 𝑥)𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝜋 − 𝑥)𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝜋 − 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 (1)𝑎𝑛𝑑 (2)
𝐼 = ∫ (𝜋 − 𝑥)𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝒙𝟐
√4𝑎𝑥 = S.O.B
𝐼 = ∫ 𝜋𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 -∫ 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝒙𝟒
⇨4𝑎𝑥 =
𝐼 = ∫ 𝜋𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 −𝐼
𝟐𝒂 𝒂 ⇨ 64𝑎𝑏 𝑥 = 𝒙𝟒 ⇨ 64𝑎𝑏 𝑥 − 𝒙𝟒 = 0
∴ ∫𝟎 𝒇(𝒙)𝒅𝒙 = 𝟐 ∫𝟎 𝒇(𝒙)𝒅𝒙
𝐼 + 𝐼 = 𝜋 ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
⇨ 𝑥(64𝑎𝑏 − 𝒙𝟑 ) = 0
/
2𝐼 = 2𝜋 ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 = 0 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 64𝑎𝑏
/
𝐼 = 𝜋∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ⇨𝑥 = 4𝑎 /
𝑏 /
=𝑢

𝝅/𝟐 (𝒏 𝟏)(𝒏 𝟑)(𝒏 𝟓)…(𝒎 𝟏)(𝒎 𝟑)…

∫𝟎 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒏 𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒎 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = (𝒎 𝒏)(𝒎 𝒏 𝟐)(𝒎 𝒏 𝟒)…
Required Area =∫ (1)— (2) 𝑑𝑥
. . . . .
𝐼=𝜋 𝒙𝟐
. . . . . .
=∫ √4𝑎𝑥 − 𝑑𝑥
. .
𝐼=𝜋 =
. . . /
=∫ 2√𝑎𝑥 − 𝑑𝑥

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/
√
= −
/ 14. Find the area enclosed by the curves
𝒚 = 𝟒 − 𝟐𝒙 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟓𝒙 .
/ [𝑢 − 0 ] 𝑺𝒐𝒍:
= √𝑎 𝑢 −0 -
Given eq’’n

/ /
= √𝑎 4𝑎 𝑏 −0 - 4𝑎 𝑏 −0 𝑦 = 4 − 2𝑥 … . . (1)
𝑦 = 𝑥 − 5𝑥 … (1)
𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 (1)𝑎𝑛𝑑 (2)
𝑥 − 5𝑥=4 − 2𝑥
= [8𝑎𝑏] − [64𝑎𝑏 ] ⇨𝑥 - 3𝑥 − 4 = 0
⇨𝑥 +1x- 4𝑥 − 4 = 0
= − = 𝑠𝑞. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
⇨𝑥(𝑥 + 1) − 4(𝑥+1) = 0
𝑥 = 4 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = −1

Required Area =∫ (1)— (2) 𝑑𝑥

=∫ [4 − 2𝑥 − 𝑥 + 5𝑥] 𝑑𝑥
= ∫ [4 + 3𝑥 − 𝑥 ] 𝑑𝑥

= 4𝑥 + −

= 4[4 + 1] + [4 − (−1) ]- [4 − (−1) ]

= 20 + (16 − 1) − (64 + 1)

= 20 + −

=
= 𝑠𝑞. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠

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15. Find the area enclosed by the curves 16. Find the area enclosed by the curves
𝒚 = 𝟒𝒙 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟒(𝟒 − 𝒙) .
𝟐
𝒚 = 𝟐 − 𝒙𝟐 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟐 .
Sol: 𝑺𝒐𝒍:
Given eq’’n 𝑦 = 4𝑥 ⇨ 𝑦 = √4𝑥 … (1) Given eq’’n 𝒚 = 𝟐 − 𝒙𝟐 … . . (1)
𝒚𝟐 = 𝟒(𝟒 − 𝒙) ⇨ 𝒚 = 4(4 − 𝑥) … . . (2) 𝑦 = 𝑥 … (2)
𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 (1)𝑎𝑛𝑑 (2)
𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 (1)𝑎𝑛𝑑 (2) 2−𝑥 =𝑥
2 = 2𝑥
4𝑥 = 𝟒(𝟒 − 𝒙) 𝑥 =1
⇨𝑥 = 4 − 𝑥 𝑥 = ±1
⇨ 2𝑥 = 4 ∴ 𝑥 = 1 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = −1
𝑥=2
Sub x=2 in (1)
𝑦 = 4𝑥 = 4(2) = 8 Required Area =∫ (1)— (2) 𝑑𝑥
𝑦 = √8 = ±2√2 =∫ [2 − 𝑥 − 𝑥 ] 𝑑𝑥
Two parabolas are symmetric about X-axis
= ∫ [2 − 2𝑥 ] 𝑑𝑥
Required Area =2 ∫ (1)𝑑𝑥 + ∫ (2)𝑑𝑥
= 2𝑥 − 2

=2 ∫ √4𝑥𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 4(4 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑥

= 2[1 + 1] − [(1) − (−1) ]

=2 2 ∫ 𝑥 /
𝑑𝑥 + 2 ∫ (4 − 𝑥) /
𝑑𝑥 = 4 − (1 + 1)

/ ( ) / =4− =
=4 +4
/ /
= 𝑠𝑞. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡
/ / / /
= 2 −0 - (4 − 4) − (4 − 2)

√ √
= 2√2 + 2√2 = +
√
= 𝑠𝑞. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠

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17. Show that the area of the region bounded by

𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐
+ = 𝟏 is 𝝅𝒂𝒃.also deduce the area of the circle
𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐
𝒙 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝒂𝟐 .
𝟐

Sol: Given eq’’n of the ellipse + = 1 … … . . (1)

⇨ = 1− ⇨ = [𝑎 − 𝑥 ]

⇨ 𝑦 = [𝑎 − 𝑥 ] ⇨ 𝑦 = ± √𝑎 − 𝑥
Ellipse is symmetric about both the axes. Required area
=4 area of shaded region

Area=∫ 𝑦𝑑𝑥 =4 ∫ √𝑎 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

=4 ∫ √𝑎 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝐱 𝐚𝟐 𝟏 𝒙
∴ ∫ √𝒂𝟐 − 𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙 = √𝒂𝟐 − 𝒙𝟐 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 +𝒄
𝟐 𝟐 𝒂

𝐱 𝐚𝟐 𝟏 𝒙
= √𝒂𝟐 − 𝒙𝟐 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧
𝟐 𝟐 𝒂
𝐚 𝐚𝟐 𝟏 𝒂
= √𝒂𝟐 − 𝒂𝟐 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 −𝟎−𝟎
𝟐 𝟐 𝒂
𝐚𝟐
= 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟏 (𝟏)
𝟐

= = 𝜋𝑎𝑏 𝑠𝑞 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
If a=b the ellipse becomes a circle
∴Area of the circle 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝒂𝟐 .
is 𝜋𝑎. 𝑎 = 𝜋𝑎 𝑠𝑞 . 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠

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1. Solve (𝒙𝟑 − 𝟑𝒙𝒚𝟐 )𝒅𝒙 + (𝟑𝒙𝟐 𝒚 − 𝒚𝟑 )𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎. ⇨∫ ( 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥

)( )( )

Sol: (𝑥 − 3𝑥𝑦 )𝑑𝑥 + (3𝑥 𝑦 − 𝑦 )𝑑𝑦 = 0.

+ − 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
⇨ =− …….. (1)
( )
⇨ log|𝑣 + 1| + log|𝑣 − 1| − log|𝑣 + 1| = log 𝑥 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑐
𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑠 ℎ𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝐷. 𝐸
√ √
⇨log = log(𝑐𝑥)
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑦 = 𝑣𝑥 ⇨ =𝑣+𝑥
√ √ √
⇨ = 𝑐𝑥 ⇨ = 𝑐𝑥
( )
Eq’n (1) ⇨ 𝑣 + 𝑥 =−
( ) ( )

⇨⇨ = (𝑐𝑥)
( ) ( )
⇨𝑣+𝑥 =− ( )
( ) ( )
⇨ =𝑐 𝑥
⇨𝑣+𝑥 =−
⇨(𝑦 − 𝑥 ) =(𝑦 + 𝑥 )
⇨𝑥 = − Which is required general solution.

⇨𝑥 =

⇨𝑥 =

⇨∫ 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 By partial
fraction

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2. Given the solution of 3. 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒅𝒊𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒂𝒍 𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

𝒚 𝒅𝒚 𝒙 𝒚 𝟑
𝒙𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒚𝒅𝒙 − 𝒙𝒅𝒚 Which passes through the 𝒅𝒙
=
𝟐𝒙 𝟐𝒚 𝟓
.
𝝅
point (1, )
𝟒 Sol: = =
Sol: xsin dx = ydx − xdy
𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑛 − ℎ𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝐷. 𝐸 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒(2)
⇨𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 𝑦𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( )𝑑𝑥
= …..(1)
( )

⇨ 𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 𝑦 − 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑑𝑥 ⇨ 𝑑𝑦 = − 𝑑𝑥
𝑙𝑒𝑡 (𝑥 − 𝑦) = 𝑣 ⇨ 1 − = ⇨ =1−

⇨ = − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 … ..(1) Now eq’’n (1) becomes

𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑦 = 𝑣𝑥 ⇨ =𝑣+𝑥 ⇨1− = ⇨1 − =

⇨ 𝑣+𝑥 = 𝑣 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑣)

⇨ =

⇨𝑥 = −𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑣) ⇨ ∫ ( )
𝑑𝑣 = − ∫ 𝑑𝑥 ⇨ =

⇨∫ 1𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑣
⇨ ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑣 𝑑𝑣 = − ∫ 𝑑𝑥
⇨∫ 1𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑣
⇨ −𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑣 = −𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 + 𝑐 ⇨ − cot = −𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 + 𝑐 ( )
⇨∫ 1𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑣

𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 Through the point (1, ) ⇨∫ 1𝑑𝑥 = ∫

( )
+ 𝑑𝑣

⇨ − cot = −𝑙𝑜𝑔1 + 𝑐 ⇨ −1 = 0 + 𝑐 ⇨ 𝑐 = −1 ⇨∫ 1𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 2 + 𝑑𝑣

⇨𝑥 = 2𝑣 + log(𝑣 + 2) + 𝑐
∴ − cot = −𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 − 1
⇨ 𝑥 = 2(𝑥 − 𝑦) + log(𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2) + 𝑐
∴ 𝑥 − 2𝑦 + log(𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2) = 𝑐

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4. 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒅𝒊𝒇𝒇𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒂𝒍 𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒅𝒚 𝟐𝒙 𝒚 𝟑

5. 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒆 = .
𝒅𝒙 𝟐𝒚 𝒙 𝟏
(𝟐𝒙 + 𝒚 + 𝟏)𝒅𝒙 + (𝟒𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 − 𝟏)𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎.
( )
Sol: 𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑞 𝑛 = [𝑎/𝑎′ ≠ 𝑏/𝑏′]
Sol: = =
𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑛 − ℎ𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝐷. 𝐸 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒(3)
𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑛 − ℎ𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝐷. 𝐸 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒(2)
𝒑𝒖𝒕 𝒙 = 𝑿 + 𝒉 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒚 = 𝒀 + 𝒌
( )
= …..(1)
( ) ( )
= ⇨ = ( ) ( )
𝑙𝑒𝑡 (2𝑥 + 𝑦) = 𝑣 ⇨ 2 + =
( )
⇨ = −2 ⇨ = … (∗) 𝑛𝑜𝑤 𝑐ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑠𝑒 ℎ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑘 𝑠𝑢𝑐ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡
( )

( )
Now eq’’n (1) becomes ⇨ −2= 2ℎ + 𝑘 + 3 = 0 … (1)𝑎𝑛𝑑 ℎ + 2𝑘 + 1 = 0 … (2)

⇨ = +2 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 (1)& (2)

2 1 3 2
⇨ =
1 2 1 1
⇨ =
(ℎ, 𝑘 ) = , = − ,
⇨∫ 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 3𝑑𝑥
𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 (∗)𝑏𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
( )
⇨∫ 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 3𝑑𝑥
⇨ = is a homogeneous equation.
( )
⇨∫ + 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 3𝑑𝑥
𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑦 = 𝑉𝑋 ⇨ =𝑉+
⇨∫ 3𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 2 + 𝑑𝑣
⇨𝑉 + =
⇨3𝑥 = 2𝑣 + log(𝑣 − 1) + 𝑐 ( )
⇨𝑉 + =
( )
⇨ 3𝑥 = 2(2𝑥 + 𝑦) + log(2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 1) + 𝑐
( )
⇨ 3𝑥 = 4𝑥 + 2𝑦 + log(2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 1) + 𝑐 ⇨𝑉 + =
( )

∴ 𝑥 + 2𝑦 + log(2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 1) = 𝑐

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( ) 𝒅𝒚 𝟑𝒚 𝟕𝒙 𝟕
⇨ = − 6. 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒆 = .
( ) 𝒅𝒙 𝟑𝒙 𝟕𝒚 𝟑

Sol: 𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑞 𝑛 = [𝑎/𝑎′ ≠ 𝑏/𝑏′]

⇨ = ⇨ =
( ) ( )
𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑛 − ℎ𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝐷. 𝐸 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒(3)
( )
⇨ =
( ) 𝒑𝒖𝒕 𝒙 = 𝑿 + 𝒉 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒚 = 𝒀 + 𝒌

⇨− + 𝑑𝑉 = 2
( ) ( )
=
⇨− ∫ 𝑑𝑉 + ∫ 𝑑𝑉 = 2 ∫ 𝑑𝑋 ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ⇨ = ( ) ( )

⇨ − log|1 + 𝑉| − log|1 − 𝑉| = 2 log 𝑋 + log 𝐶

( )
⇨ = … (∗)
( )
⇨ log|1 + 𝑉| + 3 log|1 − 𝑉| = −4 log 𝑋 + log 𝐶
𝑛𝑜𝑤 𝑐ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑠𝑒 ℎ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑘 𝑠𝑢𝑐ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡
⇨ log(1 + 𝑉)(1 − 𝑉) = log(𝐶/𝑋 )
−7ℎ + 3𝑘 + 7 = 0 … (1) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 3ℎ − 7𝑘 − 3 = 0 … (2)
⇨(1 + 𝑉)(1 − 𝑉) = {V= }
𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 (1)& (2)
⇨ 1+ 1− = -7 3 7 -7

⇨
( )( )
= 3 -7 -3 3

⇨(𝑋 + 𝑌)(𝑋 − 𝑌) = 𝐶 (ℎ, 𝑘) = , = [1,0]

(ℎ, 𝑘) = − , 𝑋 = 𝑥 + ,𝑌 = 𝑦 − 𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 (∗)𝑏𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠

⇨ = is a homogeneous equation.
⇨ 𝑥+ +𝑦− 𝑥+ −𝑦+ =𝐶
𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑦 = 𝑉𝑋 ⇨ =𝑉+
⇨ 𝑥+𝑦+ (𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2) = 𝐶
⇨𝑉 + =
(3𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 4)(𝑥 + −𝑦 + 2) = 3𝐶
( )
This is the required solution. ⇨𝑉 + =
( )

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 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

( )
⇨𝑉 + =
( )

( )
7. 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒅𝒊𝒇𝒇𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒂𝒍 𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
⇨ = −
( ) =

⇨ = Sol: 𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑞 𝑛 = [𝑎/𝑎′ ≠ 𝑏/𝑏′]

( )

( )
𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑛 − ℎ𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝐷. 𝐸 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒(3)
⇨ = ⇨ =
𝒑𝒖𝒕 𝒙 = 𝑿 + 𝒉 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒚 = 𝒀 + 𝒌
⇨∫ 𝑑𝑉 = −7
=
⇨− + 𝑑𝑉 = −7 ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
⇨ = ( ) ( )
⇨− ∫ 𝑑𝑉 + ∫ 𝑑𝑉 = 2 ∫ 𝑑𝑋
( ) ( )
( )
⇨ = … (∗)
( )
⇨ − log|1 + 𝑉| − log|1 − 𝑉| = 2 log 𝑋 + log 𝐶
𝑛𝑜𝑤 𝑐ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑠𝑒 ℎ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑘 𝑠𝑢𝑐ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡
⇨ log|1 + 𝑉| + 3 log|1 − 𝑉| = −4 log 𝑋 + log 𝐶
ℎ + 2𝑘 + 3 = 0 … (1)
⇨ log(1 + 𝑉)(1 − 𝑉) = log(𝐶/𝑋 )
𝑎𝑛𝑑
⇨(1 + 𝑉)(1 − 𝑉) = {V= } 2ℎ + 3𝑘 + 4 = 0 … (2)
𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 (1)& (2)
⇨ 1+ 1− =
1 2 3 1
( )( )
⇨ = ⇨(𝑋 + 𝑌 )(𝑋 − 𝑌 ) = 𝐶 2 3 4 2

(ℎ, 𝑘) = − , 𝑋 = 𝑥 + ,𝑌 = 𝑦 − (ℎ, 𝑘) = , = [1, −2]

𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 (∗)𝑏𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
⇨ 𝑥+ +𝑦− 𝑥+ −𝑦+ =𝐶
⇨ = is a homogeneous equation.
(3𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 4)(𝑥 + −𝑦 + 2) = 3𝐶

This is the required solution. 𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑦 = 𝑉𝑋 ⇨ =𝑉+

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 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

⇨𝑉 + =
( )
⇨𝑉 + =
( )

( )
⇨𝑉 + =
( )

( )
⇨ = −
( )

⇨ =
( )

⇨ =

⇨∫ 𝑑𝑉 =

⇨ + 𝑑𝑉 =

⇨ ∫ 𝑑𝑉 − ∫ 𝑑𝑉 = ∫ 𝑑𝑋
√

√
⇨ . log − log|1 − 3𝑉 | = log 𝐶𝑋
( )
√ √

√
⇨ log − log|1 − 3𝑉 | = log 𝐶𝑋
(√ ) √

√
⇨ log − log 1 − 3 = log 𝐶𝑋
(√ ) √

√
⇨ log − log = log 𝐶𝑋
(√ ) √

𝑿 = 𝒙 + 𝟏 𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒀 = 𝒚 + 𝟐
√ ( ) ( ) ( )
⇨ log − log = log 𝐶𝑋
(√ ) √ ( ) ( )

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AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

1. If the abscissa of points A, B are the roots of the equation 3. Find the equations of the tangents to the circle
𝐱 𝟐 + 𝟐𝐚𝐱 − 𝐛𝟐 = 𝟎 And the ordinates of A, B are the roots of 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟐𝐱 − 𝟐𝐲 − 𝟑 = 𝟎 Which are perpendicular to
𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟐𝐩𝐲 − 𝐪𝟐 = 𝟎, then find the equation of a circle for which AB as a 𝟑𝐱 − 𝐲 + 𝟒 = 𝟎.
diameter. 𝐒𝐨𝐥: given equation of the circle x + y + 2x − 2y − 3 = 0 … . . (1)
Sol: Let A(x , y ) and B(x , y )
Centre (−1, 1) and radius (r) = (1) + (−1) + 3 = √5
Given that
The given line 3x − y + 4 = 0 … . . (2)
x , x be the roots of x + 2ax − b = 0
⇨(x − x )(x − x ) = x + 2ax − b Slope (m)= − = − = 3 and ⊥ slope(m) = − ⇨m =
And Eq’’n of tangent to S=0 & ⊥ to (2)
Given that is (𝐲 − 𝐲𝟏 ) = 𝐦(𝐱 − 𝐱 𝟏 ) ± 𝐫√𝟏 + 𝐦𝟐
y , y be the roots of y + 2py − q = 0
⇨(y − y )(y − y ) = y + 2py − q ⇨ (y − 1) = − (x + 1) ± √5 1 +
( ) √ √
Equation of the circle with AB as a diameter is ⇨ (y − 1) = − ±
(𝐱 − 𝐱 𝟏 )(𝐱 − 𝐱 𝟐 ) + (𝐲 − 𝐲𝟏 )(𝐲 − 𝐲𝟐 ) = 𝟎 ⇨ 3(y − 1) = −(x + 1) ± 5√2
⇨ x + 1 + 3y − 3 ± 5√2 = 0
⇨(x + 2ax − b ) + (y + 2py − q ) = 0
Hence required eq’’n of tangents are

⇨x + y + 2ax + 2py − b − q = 0 is the required eq’’n of the circle. x + 3y − 2 ± 5√2 = 0.

2. If a point P is moving such that the lengths of tangents from P to the circle
𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟔𝐱 − 𝟒𝐲 − 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟎 , 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟔𝐱 + 𝟏𝟖𝐲 + 𝟐𝟔 = 𝟎 are in the 4. Find the equations of the tangents to the circle
ratio 2:3 the find the equation of the locus of p. 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟒𝐱 + 𝟔𝐲 − 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟎 Which are parallel to 𝐱 + 𝐲 − 𝟖 = 𝟎.
Sol: let P(x1, y1) be any point on the locus Sol: given equation of the circle
Given that = ⇒3 S = 2 S′ S.O.B 𝐒 ≡ 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟒𝐱 + 𝟔𝐲 − 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟎
⇒9(S ) = 4(S ) Centre (2, -3) and radius (r) = (−2) + (3) + 12
=√4 + 9 + 12 = √25 = 5
⇒ 9(x + y − 6x − 4y − 12) 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐠𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐧 𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐞 𝐱 + 𝐲 − 𝟖 = 𝟎 … . . (𝟏)
= 4(x + y + 6x + 18y + 26) Slope (m)= − = − = −1
Eq’’n of tangent to S=0 & parallel to (1)
⇒(9x + 9y − 54x − 36y − 108) − 4x is (𝐲 − 𝐲𝟏 ) = 𝐦(𝐱 − 𝐱 𝟏 ) ± 𝐫√𝟏 + 𝐦𝟐
− 4y − 24x − 72y − 104 = 0
⇨ (y + 3) = −1(x − 2) ± 5√1 + 1
⇨ x − 2 + y + 3 ± 5√2 = 0
⇒5x + 5y − 78x − 108y − 212=0
∴ the equation of locus of p is Hence required eq’’n of tangents are 𝐱 + 𝐲 + 𝟏 ± 𝟓√𝟐 = 𝟎.
5𝐱𝟐 + 𝟓𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟕𝟖𝐱 − 𝟏𝟎𝟖𝐲 − 𝟐𝟏𝟐 = 𝟎 .

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AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

5. 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐭𝐨 6. 𝐒𝐡𝐨𝐰 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐚𝐭 (−𝟏, 𝟐)𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐢𝐫𝐜𝐥𝐞
𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟐𝐱 + 𝟒𝐲 = 𝟎 𝐚𝐭 (𝟑, −𝟏). 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟒𝐱 − 𝟖𝐲 + 𝟕 = 𝟎 𝐭𝐨𝐮𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐢𝐫𝐜𝐥𝐞
𝐀𝐥𝐬𝐨 𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐥 𝐭𝐨 𝐢𝐭. 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟒𝐱 + 𝟔𝐲 = 𝟎 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐚𝐥𝐬𝐨 𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐢𝐭𝐬 𝐩𝐨𝐢𝐧𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐜𝐭.
Sol: given equation of the circle
x + y − 2x + 4y = 0 … . . (1) 𝐒𝐨𝐥: equation of the tangent at (−1, 2) to the circle
Centre (1, −2) and radius (r) = (−1) + (2) + 0 = √5 x + y − 4x − 8y + 7 = 0 is
The equation of tangent at (3, −1) is 𝐒𝟏 = 𝐱𝐱 𝟏 + 𝐲𝐲𝟏 + 𝐠(𝐱 + 𝐱 𝟏 ) + 𝐟(𝐲 + 𝐲𝟏 ) + 𝐜 = 𝟎
𝐒𝟏 = 𝐱𝐱𝟏 + 𝐲𝐲𝟏 + 𝐠(𝐱 + 𝐱 𝟏 ) + 𝐟(𝐲 + 𝐲𝟏 ) + 𝐜 = 𝟎 ⇒ x(−1) + y(2) − 2(x − 1) − 4(y + 2) + 7 = 0
⇨ x(3) + y(−1) − 1(x + 3) + 2(y − 1) = 0 ⇒ −3x − 2y + 1 = 0
⇒ 3x − y − x − 3 + 2y − 2 = 0 ⇒ 3x + 2y − 1 = 0 … . (1)
⇒ 2x + y − 5 = 0 … . (2) For the circle 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟒𝐱 + 𝟔𝐲 = 𝟎 centre (−2, −3),
here slope (m) = −2 r = (2) + (3) − 0 = √13
Required eq’’n of the tangent to (1) and it is parallel to (2) is ⊥ Distance from centre (−2, −3) to given line (1)
(𝐲 − 𝐲𝟏 ) = 𝐦(𝐱 − 𝐱 𝟏 ) ± 𝐫√𝟏 + 𝐦𝟐 | ( ) ( ) | | |
= = = = √13
( ) ( ) √ √
so the line (1) also touches the 2nd circle.
⇒ (y + 2) = −2(x − 1) ± √5 1 + (−2)
let (h, k) be the required point of contact.
so it is the foot of the ⊥ from the centre (−2, −3)
⇒ (y + 2) = −2(x − 1) ± √5√5 𝐡 𝐱𝟏 𝐤 𝐲𝟏 (𝐚𝐱 𝟏 𝐛𝐲𝟏 𝐜)
𝐚
= 𝐛
=− 𝐚𝟐 𝐛 𝟐
[ ( ) ( ) )]
⇒ (y + 2) = −2(x − 1) ± 5 ⇒ = =−
( )
⇒ = =− =1
⇒ y + 2 = −2x + 2 ± 5
⇒ = 1 and ⇒ =1
∴ 2x + y ± 5 = 0.
h + 2 = 3 and k + 3 = 2
h = 3 − 2 and k = 2 − 3
h = 1 , k = −1

Coordinate of point of contact = (1, −1. )

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AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

7. Show that 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 1 = 0 touches the circle 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟑𝐱 + 𝟕𝐲 + 𝟏𝟒 = 𝟎 8. Find the mid-point of the chord intercepted by
And find its point of contact. 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟐𝐱 − 𝟏𝟎𝐲 + 𝟏 = 𝟎 On the line 𝐱 − 𝟐𝐲 + 𝟕 = 𝟎.
𝐒𝐨𝐥: circle 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟑𝐱 + 𝟕𝐲 + 𝟏𝟒 = 𝟎
centre (−g, −f) = ( , − ) 𝐒𝐨𝐥: circle 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟐𝐱 − 𝟏𝟎𝐲 + 𝟏 = 𝟎 centre (1, 5),
r = (1) + (5) − 1 = 5
r = + − 14 = = = ⊥ Distance from centre (1, 5) to given line 𝐱 − 𝟐𝐲 + 𝟕 = 𝟎
√
| ( ) ( ) | | |
= = =
( ) ( ) √ √
⊥ Distance from centre ,− to given line 𝐱 + 𝐲 + 𝟏 = 𝟎
| | | | 𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐭𝐡 𝐨𝐟 𝐜𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐝 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐩𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐛𝐲 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐢𝐫𝐜𝐥𝐞 𝐢𝐬
= = = =
( ) ( ) √ √ √
𝟐√𝐫𝟐 − 𝐝𝟐 = 2 25 − = 2

𝒓 = 𝒅 The line touches the circle. =2 =

( )
= units
√ √

let (h, k) be the required mid point .

so it is the foot of the ⊥ from the centre ,−
𝐥𝐞𝐭 (𝐡, 𝐤) 𝐛𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐦𝐢𝐝 𝐩𝐨𝐢𝐧𝐭 .
( )
= =− so it is the foot of the ⊥ from the centre (1, 5)
( )
= =−
⇒ = =−
[ ( ) ( ) ]
( )
⇒ = =−
⇒ = == − = ( )
⇒ = =− =
⇒ = and ⇒ = ⇒ = and ⇒ =
h= + and k = − 5h − 5 = 2 and 5k − 25 = −4
h = and 5k = − 5h = 2 + 5 = 7 and 5k = −4 + 25

h = 2 , k = −3 h= ,k =

Coordinate of point of contact = (2, −3. )

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AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

9. 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐧𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐥 𝐭𝐨 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐢𝐫𝐜𝐥𝐞 11. 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐭𝐡 𝐨𝐟 𝐜𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐝 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐩𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐛𝐲 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐢𝐫𝐜𝐥𝐞
𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟒𝐱 + 𝟔𝐲 + 𝟏𝟏 = 𝟎 𝐚𝐭 (𝟑, 𝟐) 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟖𝐱 − 𝟐𝐲 − 𝟖 = 𝟎 𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐞 𝐱 + 𝐲 + 𝟏 = 𝟎.
𝐚𝐥𝐬𝐨 𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐨𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫 𝐩𝐨𝐢𝐧𝐭 𝐰𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐧𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐥 𝐦𝐞𝐞𝐭𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐢𝐫𝐜𝐥𝐞. 𝐒𝐨𝐥: given equation of the circle
Sol: given equation of the circle x + y − 8x − 2y − 8 = 0 … . . (1)
x + y − 4x − 6y + 11 = 0 … . . (1) Centre (4, 1) and r = (−4) + (−1) + 8 = √25 = 5
Centre C (2, 3) = (−g, −f) Given line x + y + 1 = 0
Given point A (3, 2) = (x , y ) ⊥ Distance from centre (−2, −3) to given line (1)
| ( ) ( ) | | |
=
The equation of the normal is ( ) ( ) √
| |
(𝐱 − 𝐱 𝟏 )(𝐲𝟏 + 𝐟) − (𝐲 − 𝐲𝟏 )(𝐱 𝟏 + 𝐠) = 𝟎 = = 3√2 = √18
√
length of chord intercepted by the circle is
⇒ (x − 3)(2 − 3) − (y − 2)(3 − 2) = 0
2√r − d = 2√25 − 18 = 2√7units
⇒ −x + 3 − y + 2 = 0 ⇒ x + y − 5 = 0.
(𝐢). 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐭𝐡 𝐨𝐟 𝐜𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐝 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐩𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐛𝐲 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐢𝐫𝐜𝐥𝐞
𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐢𝐫𝐜𝐥𝐞 𝐢𝐬 𝐦𝐢𝐝 𝐩𝐨𝐢𝐧𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐀 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐁
𝐱 𝟏 𝐱 𝟐 𝐲𝟏 𝐲𝟐 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝐱 + 𝟑𝐲 − 𝟐𝟐 = 𝟎 𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐞 𝐲 = 𝐱 − 𝟑. 𝐀𝐧𝐬: 𝟒√𝟔
, = (𝟐, 𝟑) ⇒ , = (2, 3)
𝟐 𝟐 (ii).𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐭𝐡 𝐨𝐟 𝐜𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐝 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐩𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐛𝐲 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐢𝐫𝐜𝐥𝐞
⇒ = 2 and =3 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟖𝐱 − 𝟒𝐲 − 𝟏𝟔 = 𝟎 𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐞 𝟑𝐱 − 𝐲 + 𝟒 = 𝟎 𝐀𝐧𝐬: 𝟐√𝟐𝟔
⇒ 3 + a = 4 and 2 + b = 6
⇒ a = 4 − 3 and b = 6 − 2 B (a, b) = (1, 4) 12. 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐢𝐫𝐜𝐥𝐞 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞 (−𝟐, 𝟑)𝐜𝐮𝐭𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐚 𝐜𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐝
𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐭𝐡 𝟐 𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐬 𝐨𝐧 𝟑𝐱 + 𝟒𝐲 + 𝟒 = 𝟎.
10. 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐚 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐞𝐝 𝐛𝐲 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐧𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐥 𝐚𝐭 Sol: given centre C (−2, 3)
(𝟑, −𝟒)𝐭𝐨 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐢𝐫𝐜𝐥𝐞 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟐𝟐𝐱 − 𝟒𝐲 + 𝟐𝟓 = 𝟎 Given equation of the chord 3x + 4y + 4 = 0 … . (1)
𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐨𝐫𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐚𝐱𝐞𝐬. d = ⊥ Distance from centre C (−2, 3) to given line (1)
Sol: given equation of the circle
x + y − 22x − 4y + 25 = 0 … . . (1) | ( ) ( ) | | |
d = = = =2
( ) ( ) √
Centre C (11, 2) = (−g, −f)
Given point A (3, −4) = (x , y ) Given length of chord 2√r − d = 2
The equation of the normal is ⇒ √r − d = 1
(𝐱 − 𝐱 𝟏 )(𝐲𝟏 + 𝐟) − (𝐲 − 𝐲𝟏 )(𝐱 𝟏 + 𝐠) = 𝟎 ⇒ r − d = 1 (d = 2)
⇒ (x − 3)(−4 − 2) − (y + 4)(3 − 11) = 0 ⇒r −4=1
⇒ 3x − 4y − 25 = 0. ∴ r =5
Area of the triangle formed by the normal with the Required eq’’n of the circle is
𝟏 𝐜𝟐 ( ) (x − a) + (y − b) = r
coordinate axes = 𝟐 𝐚.𝐛
= .( ) ⇒ (x + 2) + (y − 3) = 5
= sq. units
x + y + 4x − 6y + 8 = 0

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13.𝐈𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐞 𝐲 = 𝐦𝐱 + 𝐜 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 = 𝐚𝟐 intersects A and B and AB= 𝟐𝝀 15. 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐩𝐨𝐥𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝟑𝐱 + 𝟒𝐲 − 𝟒𝟓 = 𝟎 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐭 𝐭𝐨
𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒔𝒉𝒐𝒘 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 𝒄𝟐 = (𝟏 + 𝒎𝟐 )(𝒂𝟐 − 𝝀𝟐 ). 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟔𝐱 − 𝟖𝐲 + 𝟓 = 𝟎
SOL: Sol: given 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 = 𝐚𝟐 … . . (1) Sol: given equation of the circle
centre C (0, 0) , radius=a x + y − 6x − 8y + 5 = 0 … . . (1)
Given equation of the chord mx − y + c = 0 … . (2) Centre (3, 4) and r = (−3) + (−4) − 5=√20
d = ⊥ Distance from centre C (0, 0) to given line (2) Given line 3x + 4y − 45 = 0 here l = 3, m = 4 & 𝑛 = −45
| ( ) ( ) | | |
d = = The pole = −g + , −f +
( ) ( ) √

Given length of chord 2√r − d = 2𝜆

( ) ( )
⇒ √a − d = 𝜆 S.O.B = 3+ ( ) ( )
,4+ ( ) ( )
⇒a −d =𝜆
⇒a −𝜆 =d ( ) ( )
= 3+ ,4 + = (3 + 3, 4 + 4) = (6. 8)
| |
⇒ (a − 𝜆 ) = (H/w) 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐩𝐨𝐥𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐱 + 𝐲 + 𝟐 = 𝟎 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐭 𝐭𝐨
√

𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟒𝐱 + 𝟔𝐲 − 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝐀𝐍𝐒 (−𝟐𝟑, −𝟐𝟖)

⇒ (1 + 𝑚 )(a − 𝜆 ) = [c]

∴ 𝑐 = (1 + 𝑚 )(𝑎 − 𝜆 ).

14.Find the equation of the tangent at the point 30 of the circle

𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟒𝐱 + 𝟔𝐲 − 𝟑𝟗 = 𝟎. 16. 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐤 𝐢𝐟 𝐤𝐱 + 𝟑𝐲 − 𝟏 = 𝟎,
𝟐𝐱 + 𝐲 + 𝟓 = 𝟎 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐣𝐮𝐠𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐭 𝐭𝐨 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐢𝐫𝐜𝐥𝐞
Sol: given equation of the circle 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟐𝐱 − 𝟒𝐲 − 𝟒 = 𝟎.
x + y + 4x + 6y + 39 = 0 … . . (1) Sol: Given equation of the circle
Centre (-2, -3) and r = (2) + (3) + 39=√52 = 2√13 x + y − 2x − 4y − 4 = 0 … . . (1)
𝜃 = 30° Centre (1, 2) and r = (1) + (2) + 4=√9=3
Equation of the tangent to (1) at 𝜃 = 30° is Given line 2x + y + 5 = 0 here l = 2, m = 1 and n = 5
(𝑥 + 𝑔)𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + (𝑦 + 𝑓)𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 𝑟
The pole = −g + , −f +
⇨(𝑥 + 2)𝑐𝑜𝑠30 + (𝑦 + 3)𝑠𝑖𝑛30 = 2√13
( ) ( )
√ = 1+ ,2+
⇨(𝑥 + 2)( ) + (𝑦 + 3)( ) = 2√13 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
⇨(𝑥 + 2)√3 + (𝑦 + 3)1 = 4√13 = 1+ ,2 +
⇨√3𝑥 + 𝑦 + 3 + 2√3- 4√13 = 0 = (1 − 2, 2 − 1)= (-1, 1)
(−1, 1) lies on kx + 3y − 1 = 0 ⇨−k + 3 − 1 = 0 ⇨ k = 2.

(𝐇/𝐖)𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐤 𝐢𝐟 𝐱 + 𝐲 − 𝟓 = 𝟎,

𝟐𝐱 + 𝐤𝐲 − 𝟖 = 𝟎 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐣𝐮𝐠𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐭 𝐭𝐨 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐢𝐫𝐜𝐥𝐞
𝐱 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟐𝐱 − 𝟐𝐲 − 𝟏 = 𝟎. (k=2)
𝟐

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AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

⇨𝑔 𝑥 + 𝑓 𝑦 + 𝑐 + 2𝑔𝑓𝑥𝑦 + 2𝑓𝑐𝑦 + 2𝑔𝑐𝑥

17. 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐩𝐚𝐢𝐫 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬 𝐝𝐫𝐚𝐰𝐧 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦
= cx + cy + 2gxc + 2fyc + 𝑐
(𝟎, 𝟎) 𝐭𝐨 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟏𝟎𝐱 + 𝟏𝟎𝐲 + 𝟒𝟎 = 𝟎
Sol: given equation of the circle ⇨(𝑔 − 𝑐)𝑥 + 2𝑔𝑓𝑥𝑦 + (𝑓 − 𝑐)𝑦 = 0
x + y + 10x + 10y + 40 = 0 … . . (1), P(x , y ) = (0, 0)
( ) ( ) Given that tangents are perpendicular to each other
S = xx + yy + + +c=0
S ≡ x(0) + y(0) + 5(x + 0) + 5(y + 0) + 40 ⇨ S ≡ 5x + 5y + 40 ⇨coefficient of 𝒙𝟐 + coefficient of 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟎
S ≡ 02 + 02 + 10(0) + 10(0) + 40 = 40 (𝑔 − 𝑐) + (𝑓 − 𝑐) = 0
𝐞𝐪 𝐧𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐩𝐚𝐢𝐫 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬 𝐒𝟏 𝟐 = 𝐒𝐒𝟏𝟏
(5x + 5y + 40 ) = ( x2 + y2 + 10x + 10y + 40)(40) ∴ g + f =2c
⇨25(x + y + 8) = ( x2 + y2 + 10x + 10y + 40)(40)

⇒ 5{x + y + 64 + 2xy + 16y + 16x} = {8x + 8y + 80x + 80y + 18. (a).Find the condition that the tangents drawn from the exterior
320} point
(0, 0) to the circle 𝐒 = 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟐𝐠𝐱 + 𝟐𝐟𝐲 + 𝐜 = 𝟎
⇒ {8x + 8y + 80x + 80y + 320 −5x − 5y − 320 − 10xy − 80y − 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐩𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐭𝐨 𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐡 𝐨𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫.
80x = 0 Sol: given equation of the circle
⇒ 3x − 10xy + 3y = 0 x + y + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0… (1)
r= g + f − c , length of tangent= S
(b).Find the pair of tangents from the origin to the circle if θ is angle the
𝐒 = 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟐𝐠𝐱 + 𝟐𝐟𝐲 + 𝐜 = 𝟎 And hence deduce a condition pair of tangents drawn from
for these tangents to be 𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐩𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐫 . (0, 0) to S=0 is
Sol: given equation of the circle S = 0 + 0 + 2g(0) + 2f(0) + c = c
x + y + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 … . . (1), P(x , y ) = (0, 0)
Then tan = [θ = 90°]
√
S = xx + yy + g(x + x ) + f(y + y ) + c = 0 °
⇨tan = ⇨tan 45° =
√ √

S ≡ x(0) + y(0) + g(x + 0) + f(y + 0) + c 1= S.O.B and cross multiplying⇨c = g + f − c

√
S ≡ gx + fy + c ∴2c = g + f
S ≡ 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟐𝐠𝐱 + 𝟐𝐟𝐲 + 𝐜
S ≡ 𝟎𝟐 + 𝟎𝟐 + 𝟐𝐠(𝟎) + 𝟐𝐟(𝟎) + 𝐜 = 𝐜

𝐞𝐪 𝐧𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐩𝐚𝐢𝐫 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬 𝐒𝟏 𝟐 = 𝐒𝐒𝟏𝟏

⇨ (𝑔𝑥 + 𝑓𝑦 + 𝑐) =[x + y + 2gx + 2fy + c ](𝑐)

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AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

(b).Find the condition that the tangents drawn from the exterior point
(g, f) to the circle 𝐒 = 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟐𝐠𝐱 + 𝟐𝐟𝐲 + 𝐜 = 𝟎
LEVEL-II
𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐩𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐭𝐨 𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐡 𝐨𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫.
Sol: given equation of the circle Important questions:
x + y + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0… (1)
r= g + f − c , length of tangent= S
if θ is angle the 20. Find the angle between the pair of tangents drawn from (3, 2) to the
circle x + y − 6x + 4y − 2 = 0 .
pair of tangents drawn from
(g, f) to S=0 is
21. If the polar of a point of x + y = a with respect to x + y = b
S = g + f + 2g(g) + 2f(f) + c = 3g + 3f + c
touches the circle x + y = c then show that a, b, c are in
geometrical progressions.
Then tan = [θ = 90°]
√

⇨tan
°
= ⇨tan 45° = 22. Find the area of the triangle formed with the coordinate axes and the
tangent drawn at the point (𝑥 , 𝑦 ) on the circle x + y = a .
1= S.O.B and cross multiplying
⇨3g + 3f + c = g + f − c 23. Find the equations to the circles which touch the lines
g + f + c = 0. 4𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 5 = 0, 3𝑥 − 4𝑦 − 10 = 0 And pass through (1, -1).
19. Find the inverse point of (-2, 3) w.r.t the circle
𝟐 𝟐
𝐱 + 𝐲 − 𝟒𝐱 − 𝟔𝐲 + 𝟗 = 𝟎.
Sol: given equation of the circle 24. Find the equation of the circle passing through (0, 0) and making
x + y − 4x − 6y + 9 = 0 … . . (1) intercepts 6units, 4 units on x-axis and y-axis respectively.
Centre C (2, 3) = (x , y ) , given point P (-2, 3) = (x , y )
eq n of CP is (y − y ) = m(x − x ) 25. If the chord of contact of p with respect to the circle x + y = a
⇨ (y − 2) = (x − 2) cut the circle at AB such that 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝐴𝑂𝐵 = 90 then show that p lies
⇨y − 2 = 0 … … . (1) on x + y = 2a .
eq n of polar of p(−2, 3) is S = 0
( ) ( ) 26. Find the locus of mid-point of chord of contact x + y = a from
S = xx + yy + + +c=0
the point lying on the line 𝑙𝑥 + 𝑚𝑦 + 𝑛 = 0.
⇨x(−2) + y(3) − 2(x − 2) − 3(y + 3) + 9 = 0
⇨−2x + 3y − 2x + 4 − 3y − 9 + 9 = 0
27. Find the equation tangents of the circle x + y = 10 at the points
⇨−4x = −4 ⇨ x = 1 … … . (2)
whose abscissae are 1.
Solving (1) & (2) ⇨(x, y) = (1, 3)

∴ The inverse point of p is (1, 3)

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 AIMS TUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B AIMS TUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

1. Show that the circles 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟐𝐱 − 𝟒𝐲 − 𝟐𝟎 = 𝟎, 2. Show that the circles 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟖𝐱 − 𝟐𝐲 + 𝟖 = 𝟎,

𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟔𝐱 + 𝟐𝐲 − 𝟗𝟎 = 𝟎 Touch each other internally. Find the 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟐𝐱 + 𝟔𝐲 + 𝟔 = 𝟎 Touch each other. Find the point of
point of contact and eq’’n of tangent at point of contact. contact.
Sol: eq’’n s of the given circles Sol: eq’’n s of the given circles

S ≡ x + y − 2x − 4y − 20 = 0 … . . (1) S ≡ x + y − 8x − 2y + 8 = 0 … . . (1)

S′ ≡ x + y + 6x + 2y − 90 = 0 … . . (2) S′ ≡ x + y − 2y + 6y + 6 = 0 … . . (2)

𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐬 (−𝐠, −𝐟): C (1, 2), C (−3, −1) 𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐬 (−𝐠, −𝐟): C (4, 1), C (1, −3)

𝐫𝐚𝐝𝐢𝐮𝐬(𝐫) = 𝐠𝟐 + 𝐟𝟐 − 𝐜 𝐫𝐚𝐝𝐢𝐮𝐬(𝐫) = 𝐠𝟐 + 𝐟𝟐 − 𝐜

r = √1 + 2 + 20 = √25 = 5 r = √4 + 1 − 8 = √17 − 8 = √9 = 3

r = √3 + 1 + 90 = √100 = 10 r = √1 + 3 − 6 = √10 − 6 = √4 = 2

C C = (x − x ) + (y − y ) C C = (x − x ) + (y − y )

= (−3 − 1) + (−1 − 2) = (1 − 4) + (−3 − 1)

= (−4) + (−3) = √25 =5 = (−3) + (−4) = √25 =5

𝐂𝟏 𝐂𝟐 = |𝐫𝟏 − 𝐫𝟐 | 𝐂𝟏 𝐂𝟐 = 𝐫𝟏 + 𝐫𝟐

𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐢𝐫𝐜𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐨𝐮𝐜𝐡 𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐡 𝐨𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐲. 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐢𝐫𝐜𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐨𝐮𝐜𝐡 𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐡 𝐨𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐞𝐱𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐲.

the point of contact p divides C C externally in the ratio the point of contact p divides C C Internally in the ratio
r : r = 5: 10 = m: n=1:2 r : r = 3: 2 = m: n

P= , P= ,
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
= , = ,

= , = ,

= (5, 5) = ,

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3. Show that the circles 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟐𝐚𝐱 + 𝐜 = 𝟎 and 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟐𝐛𝐲 + 𝐜 = 4. If the two circles 𝐱𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟐𝐠𝐱 + 𝟐𝐟𝐲 = 𝟎 𝐚𝐧𝐝
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝟎 𝐭𝐨𝐮𝐜𝐡 𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐡 𝐨𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫 𝐢𝐟 𝐚𝟐
+ 𝐛𝟐 = 𝐜 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟐𝐠 𝐱 + 𝟐𝐟 𝐲 = 𝟎 Touch each other then show that
Sol: Given eq’’ns of the circles 𝐟 𝐠 = 𝐟𝐠 .
x + y + 2ax + c = 0 ….. (1) Sol: Sol: Given eq’’n of the circles
⇨C (−a, 0)and r = √a − c S ≡ x + y + 2gx + 2fy = 0 … (1)
x + y + 2by + c = 0…. (2) centre C (−g, −f)
⇨C (0, −b)and r = √b − c S′ ≡ x + y + 2g x + 2f y = 0 … (2)
centre C (−g , −f′)

C C = (0 + a) + (−b − 0) =√a + b above circles passes through (0, 0)

If the circles touch each other, then
Given circles touch each other |r + r | = C C
OC C are collinear ⇨ Area of OC C = 0
⇨ √a − c + √b − c = √a + b O(0, 0), C (−g, −f) and C (−g , −f′)
S. O. B
Area = |x y − x y |=0⇨ |(−g)(−f′) − (−g )(−f)|=0
√a − c + √b − c =a +b
⇨ a − c + b − c + 2√a − c√b − c=a + b ⇨ gf − g f = 0 ∴ 𝐟 𝐠 = 𝐟𝐠 .
5. Prove that the radical axis of the circles 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟐𝒈𝒙 +
⇨ 2√a − c√b − c=2c 𝟐𝒇𝒚 + 𝒄 = 𝟎 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟐𝒈 𝒙 + 𝟐𝒇 𝒚 + 𝒄 = 𝟎 is the
diameter of the latter circle if
⇨ √a − c√b − c=c S.O.B ⇨ (a − c)(b − c) = c 𝟐𝒈 (𝒈 − 𝒈 ) + 𝟐𝒇 (𝒇 − 𝒇 ) = 𝒄 − 𝒄 .
𝑆𝑜𝑙: Given eq’’n of the circles
⇨ a b −a c−b c+c =c
⇨ a b −a c−b c=0 𝑆 ≡ 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 2𝑔𝑥 + 2𝑓𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0 … (1)
𝑆′ ≡ 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 2𝑔 𝑥 + 2𝑓 𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0 … (2)
⇨ a b = c(a + b ) Radical eq’’n of the given circles is S-S’=0
⇨2𝑥(𝑔 − 𝑔 ) + 2𝑦(𝑓 − 𝑓 ) + (𝑐 − 𝑐 ) = 0… (3)
Eq’’n (3) becomes diameter of eq’’n (2),
⇨ = ⇨ = +
if Centre (-g’, -f)’lies on (3)
⇨2(−𝑔 )(𝑔 − 𝑔 ) + 2(−𝑓 )(𝑓 − 𝑓 ) + (𝑐 − 𝑐 ) = 0
∴ + =
∴ 2𝑔 (𝑔 − 𝑔 ) + 2𝑓 (𝑓 − 𝑓 ) = 𝑐 − 𝑐 .

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6. If 𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟑 𝒊𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 chord of the circle 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 −𝜆, −

𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚 − 𝟖 = 𝟎, find the equation of the circle
𝑖𝑓 𝐴𝐵 𝑎 𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒 (1), 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒
having AB as diameter.
𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑛 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 1 = 0 ⇨2(−𝜆) + 3(3𝜆/2) = 1
Sol:
⇨−4𝜆 − 9𝜆 = 2⇨−13𝜆 = 2 ⇨ 𝜆 = −
Given eq’’n of the circle
S≡ 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 2𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 8 = 0… (1) The required eq’’n of the circle is from (3)
𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝐿 ≡ 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 3 = 0 … . (2) (𝑥 + 𝑦 − 4) − (2𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 1) = 0
13(𝑥 + 𝑦 ) − 52 − 4𝑥 − 6𝑦 + 2 = 0
Eq’’n of the circle passing through the point of intersection of ∴ 𝟏𝟑(𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 ) − 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟔𝒚 − 𝟓𝟎 = 𝟎
S=0 and L=0 is 𝑆 + 𝜆𝐿 = 0 8. Find the equation of the circle passing through the point of
⇨(𝑥 + 𝑦 − 2𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 8) + 𝜆(𝑥 + 𝑦 − 3) = 0 … (3) intersection of the circles 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟖𝒙 − 𝟔𝒚 + 𝟐𝟏 = 𝟎 and
⇨(𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑥(𝜆 − 2) + (𝜆 + 4)𝑦 − (3𝜆 + 8) = 0. 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏𝟓 = 𝟎 𝒂𝒏𝒅 (𝟏, 𝟐).
( ) ( )
𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 ,− Sol:
𝑖𝑓 𝐴𝐵 𝑎 𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒 (1), 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 Given eq’’n of the circle
𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 3 = 0 S≡ 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 8𝑥 − 6𝑦 + 21 = 0… (1)
( ) S′ ≡ 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 2𝑦 − 15 = 0 … . (2)
⇨ − =3
Eq’’n of the circle passing through the point of intersection of
⇨−2 − 2𝜆 = 6 S=0 and S’=0 is 𝑆 + 𝜆𝑆′ = 0
⇨−2𝜆 = 8 ⇨ 𝜆 = −4
⇨(𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟖𝒙 − 𝟔𝒚 + 𝟐𝟏) + 𝝀(𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏𝟓) =
The required eq’’n of the circle is from (3)
𝟎 … (𝟑)
(𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑥(−4 − 2) + (−4 + 4)𝑦 − (3(−4) + 8) = 0
Above eq’’n passing through (1, 2)
∴ 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 6𝑥 + 4 = 0
⇨ (1 + 2 − 8(1) − 6(2) + 21) + 𝜆(1 + 2 − 2(1) − 15) = 0
7. If the straight line 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 = 𝟏 intersects the circle
⇨(1 + 4 − 8 − 12 + 21) + 𝜆(1 + 4 − 2 − 15) = 0
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟒 at the points A and B, find the equation of the ⇨(6) + 𝜆(−12) = 0
circle having AB as diameter. ⇨ 6 = 12𝜆
Sol: Given eq’’n of the circle S≡ 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 4… (1)
⇨𝜆= Sub in (3)
𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝐿 ≡ 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 1 = 0 … . (2)
𝟏
Eq’’n of the circle passing through the point of intersection of ⇨(𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟖𝒙 − 𝟔𝒚 + 𝟐𝟏) + (𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏𝟓) = 𝟎
𝟐
S=0 and L=0 is 𝑆 + 𝜆𝐿 = 0 ⇨(𝟐𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 − 𝟏𝟔𝒙 − 𝟏𝟐𝒚 + 𝟒𝟐) + (𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏𝟓) = 𝟎
𝟐 𝟐

⇨(𝑥 + 𝑦 − 4) + 𝜆(2𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 1) = 0 … (3) ⇨(𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑𝒚𝟐 − 𝟏𝟖𝒙 − 𝟏𝟐𝒚 + 𝟐𝟕) = 𝟎 (÷ 𝒃𝒚 𝟑)

⇨(𝑥 + 𝑦 + (2𝜆)𝑥 + (3𝜆)𝑦 − (𝜆 + 4) = 0. 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟔𝒙 − 𝟒𝒚 + 𝟗 = 𝟎 .

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9. Find the equation of the circle whose diameter is the common ⇨ 17𝑘 = 272 ⇨ 𝑘 =
chord of the circles 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 + 𝟏 = 𝟎 and
⇨ 𝑘 = 16 ∴ 𝑘 = ±4
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 + 𝟐 = 𝟎 .
Sol: 𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒚𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟔𝒚 + 𝟏 = 𝟎 .(𝑆 + 𝜆𝑆′ = 0)
11. Find the radical centre of the circles
10. If the angle between the circles
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟕 = 𝟎,
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟏𝟐𝒙 − 𝟔𝒚 + 𝟒𝟏 = 𝟎, 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒌𝒙 + 𝟔𝒚 − 𝟓𝟗 =
2𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒚𝟐 + 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟓𝒚 − 𝟗 = 𝟎
𝟎, 𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒅 𝒌.
𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒚 = 𝟎.
Sol: Given circles 𝑆 = 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 12𝑥 − 6𝑦 + 41 = 0 … (1)
Sol:
𝑆 = 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑘𝑥 + 6𝑦 − 59 = 0 … … … (2)
Given circles
𝜃 = 45° ⇨ 𝑐𝑜𝑠45= 𝑆 ≡ 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 4𝑥 − 7 = 0 … . . . (1)
√
𝑔 = −6; 𝑓 = −3; 𝑐 = 41 𝑔 = ; 𝑓 = 3; 𝑐 = −59 S′ ≡ 2𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 3𝑥 + 5𝑦 − 9 = 0 … … (2)
𝑆 ≡ 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑦 = 0 … . . . (3)
𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑓 (1)& (2)
𝑟 = 𝑔 + 𝑓 − 𝑐 = √6 + 3 − 41 = 2
2𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 8𝑥 − 14 = 0
√ 2𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 3𝑥 + 5𝑦 − 9 = 0
𝑟 = + (3) + 59 = =
5𝑥 − 5𝑦 − 5 = 0….. (4)
𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑓 (2)& (3)
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 =
2𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 3𝑥 + 5𝑦 − 9 = 0
( ) ( )( ) 2𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 0 + 2𝑦 = 0
⇨ 𝑐𝑜𝑠45° =
. . 3𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 9 = 0…. (5)

| | | |
⇨ = ⇨ =
√ .√ √ .√ Solving (4) & (5) 5 -5 -5 5
3 3 -9 3
| |
⇨ = S.O.B⇨ =
√ √
𝟒𝟓 𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟓 𝟒𝟓 𝟔𝟎 𝟑𝟎
(x , y) = , = , = (𝟐, 𝟏)
𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟓 𝟑𝟎 𝟑𝟎
⇨ 𝑘 + 272 = 18𝑘

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12. Find the equation of the circle which cuts the circles
𝑟 = 𝑆 = +7 +2 + 4(7) + 2
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚 + 𝟏 = 𝟎
2𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒚𝟐 + 𝟔𝒙 + 𝟖𝒚 − 𝟑 = 𝟎 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑟 = + 83 =
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟔𝒚 − 𝟑 = 𝟎 𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒉𝒐𝒈𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒚. 𝑒𝑞 𝑛𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒
Sol: (𝑎, 𝑏) = , 7 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 𝑟 𝑖𝑠
Given circles
𝑆 ≡ 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 2𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 1 = 0 … . . . (1) 𝑥− + [𝑦 − 7] =
S′ ≡ 2𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 6𝑥 + 8𝑦 − 3 = 0 … … (2) ⇨𝑥 − 5𝑥 + + 𝑦 + 49 − 14𝑦 =
𝑆 ≡ 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 2𝑥 + 6𝑦 − 3 = 0 … . . . (3)
⇨4𝑥 − 20𝑥 + 25 + 4𝑦 + 196 − 56𝑦 − 357 = 0
⇨4(𝑥 + 𝑦 − 5𝑥 − 14𝑦 − 34) = 0
𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑓 (1)& (2)
2𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 4𝑥 + 8𝑦 + 2 = 0 ∴ 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 5𝑥 − 14𝑦 − 34 = 0
2𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 6𝑥 + 8𝑦 − 3 = 0
13. Find the eq’’n of the circle which cuts orthogonally the
−2𝑥 + 0 + 5 = 0….. (4) circle 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 − 𝟕 = 𝟎, at Centre at (2, 3).

Sol: Given circle 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 − 𝟕 = 𝟎 … … . . (𝟏)

𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑓 (2)& (3) Let the required equation of the circle with Centre at
2𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 6𝑥 + 8𝑦 − 3 = 0
2𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 4𝑥 + 12𝑦 − 6 = 0 (2, 3)= (-g, -f) is 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟔𝒚 + 𝒄 = 𝟎 … … . . (𝟐)

10𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 3 = 0…. (5) Equation (1) and (2) are orthogonal

𝟐𝒈𝒈 + 𝟐𝒇𝒇; = 𝒄 + 𝒄′

Solving ( 4) & (5) -2 0 5 -2 ⇨2(−𝟐)(−𝟐) + 𝟐(𝟏)(−𝟑) = (−𝟕) + (𝒄)

10 -4 3 10 ⇨8−𝟔 = (−𝟕) + (𝒄)⇨𝒄 = 𝟗

∴ 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟔𝒚 + 𝟗 = 𝟎
(x , y) = ,
= , = ( , 7)
𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 = 𝑆 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 ( , 7) to S=0

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14. Find the eq’’n of the circle which passes through the point Solving (4) & (5) 6 3 -4 6
(0, -3) and intersects the circles 1 13 -9 1
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟔𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 + 𝟓 = 𝟎,
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝒙 − 𝟕𝒚 = 𝟎 Orthogonally. (𝑥, 𝑦) = , = ,
𝑺𝒐𝒍: let the required circle
, Sub in (1)⇨−6 +9+𝑐 = 0
𝑺 ≡ 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟐𝒈𝒙 + 𝟐𝒇𝒚 + 𝒄 = 𝟎 … . . (∗)
𝑺′ ≡ 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟔𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 + 𝟓 = 𝟎,
𝑺′′ ≡ 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝒙 − 𝟕𝒚 = 𝟎 ⇨𝑐 = −9 + 4 = −5
(0, −3)𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑛 (∗) ⇨ 0 + 9 − 6𝑓 + 𝑐 = 0
⇨ 𝟎 − 𝟔𝒇 + 𝒄 + 𝟗 = 𝟎 … . . (𝟏) ∴ 𝑥 +𝑦 +2 𝑥+2 𝑦−5=0
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑆 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑆 = 0 Are orthogonal 3𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 15 = 0
𝟐𝒈𝒈 + 𝟐𝒇𝒇 = 𝒄 + 𝒄′ Condition for orthogonal
⇨ 2𝑔(−3) + 2𝑓 =𝑐+5 15. Find the eq’’n of the circle which cuts the circles
⇨ −𝟔𝒈 + 𝟑𝒇 − 𝒄 − 𝟓 = 𝟎 … … (𝟐) 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟔𝒚 + 𝟏𝟏 = 𝟎,
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑆 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑆 = 0 Are orthogonal 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟏𝟎𝒙 − 𝟒𝒚 + 𝟐𝟏 = 𝟎 Orthogonally, and has the
𝟐𝒈𝒈 + 𝟐𝒇𝒇 = 𝒄 + 𝒄′ Condition for orthogonal diameter along the st line 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 = 𝟕.
𝑺𝒐𝒍: Let the required circle
⇨ 2𝑔 − + 2𝑓 − =𝑐+0
𝑺 ≡ 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟐𝒈𝒙 + 𝟐𝒇𝒚 + 𝒄 = 𝟎 … . . (∗)
⇨ −𝒈 − 𝟕𝒇 − 𝒄 = 𝟎 … … (𝟑)
𝑺 ≡ 𝒙𝟐 +𝒚𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟔𝒚 + 𝟏𝟏 = 𝟎,
𝑺′′ ≡ 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟏𝟎𝒙 − 𝟒𝒚 + 𝟐𝟏 = 𝟎
𝐸𝑞’’𝑛 (1) + (2)
0 − 6𝑓 + 𝑐 + 9 = 0
𝒈𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏 𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆 𝑳 ≡ 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 − 𝟕 = 𝟎
−6𝑔 + 3𝑓 − 𝑐 − 5 = 0
(−𝑔, −𝑓 )𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑛 (𝐿) ⇨ −2𝑔 − 3𝑓 − 7 = 0
−𝟔𝒈 − 𝟑𝒇 + 𝟒 = 𝟎 … … … … (𝟒)
⇨ 𝟐𝒈 + 𝟑𝒇 + 𝟕 = 𝟎 … . . (𝟏)
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑆 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑆 = 0 are orthogonal
𝟐𝒈𝒈 + 𝟐𝒇𝒇 = 𝒄 + 𝒄′ condition for orthogonal
𝐸𝑞’’𝑛 (1) + (3)
⇨ 2𝑔(−2) + 2𝑓(−3) = 𝑐 + 11
0 − 6𝑓 + 𝑐 + 9 = 0
⇨ −𝟒𝒈 − 𝟔𝒇 − 𝒄 − 𝟏𝟏 = 𝟎 … … (𝟐)
−𝑔 − 7𝑓 − 𝑐 + 0 = 0
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑆 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑆 = 0 Are orthogonal
−𝒈 − 𝟏𝟑𝒇 + 𝟗 = 𝟎 … … … … (𝟓)
𝟐𝒈𝒈 + 𝟐𝒇𝒇 = 𝒄 + 𝒄′ Condition for orthogonal
⇨ 2𝑔(−5) + 2𝑓(−2) = 𝑐 + 21

Q.No: 12 SYSTEM OF CIRCLE Q.No: 12 SYSTEM OF CIRCLE

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⇨ −𝟏𝟎𝒈 − 𝟒𝒇 − 𝒄 − 𝟐𝟏 = 𝟎 … … (𝟑) 16. Find the eq’’n of the circle which passes through the point
(2, 0)(0, 2) and intersects the circles
𝐸𝑞’’𝑛 (2) − (3) 𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒚𝟐 + 𝟓𝒙 − 𝟔𝒚 + 𝟒 = 𝟎,
−4𝑔 − 6𝑓 − 𝑐 − 11 = 0 Orthogonally.
−10𝑔 − 4𝑓 − 𝑐 − 21 = 0 𝑺𝒐𝒍: Let the required circle
𝟔𝒈 − 𝟐𝒇 + 𝟏𝟎 = 𝟎 … … … … (𝟒) 𝑆 ≡ 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 2𝑔𝑥 + 2𝑓𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0 … . . (∗)
𝑆′ ≡ 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 2 = 0,
(2, 0)𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑛 (∗) ⇨4 + 0 + 4𝑔 + 0 + 𝑐 = 0
Solving ( 1) & (4) 2 3 7 2
⇨𝟒𝒈 + 𝟎 + 𝒄 + 𝟒 = 𝟎 … . (𝟏)
6 -2 10 6
(0, 2)𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑛 (∗) ⇨ 0 + 4 + 0 + 4𝑓 + 𝑐 = 0
⇨ 𝟎 + 𝟒𝒇 + 𝒄 + 𝟒 = 𝟎 … . . (𝟐)
(𝑥, 𝑦) = , = , 𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑆 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑆 = 0 Are orthogonal
(−2, −1) Sub in (2) ⇨−4(−2) − 6(−1) = 𝑐 + 11 𝟐𝒈𝒈 + 𝟐𝒇𝒇 = 𝒄 + 𝒄′ Condition for orthogonal
⇨ 2𝑔 + 2𝑓 − = 𝑐+2
⇨𝑐 = 14 − 11 = 3 𝟓
⇨ 𝒈 − 𝟑𝒇 − 𝒄 − 𝟐 = 𝟎 … … (𝟑)
𝟐
∴ 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 2(−2)𝑥 + 2(−1)𝑦 + 3 = 0
𝐸𝑞’’𝑛 (1) + (3)
4𝑔 + 0 + 𝑐 + 4 = 0
𝑥 + 𝑦 − 4𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 3 = 0
𝑔 − 3𝑓 − 𝑐 − 2 = 0

𝟏𝟑
𝒈 − 𝟑𝒇 + 𝟐 = 𝟎 ⇨ 𝟏𝟑𝒈 − 𝟔𝒇 + 𝟒 = 𝟎 … . . (𝟒)
𝟐

𝐸𝑞’’𝑛 (2) + (3)

0 + 4𝑓 + 𝑐 + 4 = 0
𝑔 − 3𝑓 − 𝑐 − 2 = 0

𝟓
𝒈 + 𝒇 + 𝟐 = 𝟎 ⇨ 𝟓𝒈 + 𝟐𝒇 + 𝟒 = 𝟎 … … (𝟒)
𝟐
𝑨𝒏𝒔: 𝟕𝒙𝟐 + 𝟕𝒚𝟐 − 𝟖𝒙 − 𝟖𝒚 − 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟎,

Q.No: 12 SYSTEM OF CIRCLE Q.No: 12 SYSTEM OF CIRCLE

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17. Find the eq’’n and length of the common chord of the two
circles 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟓𝒚 + 𝟒 = 𝟎,
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟓𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 + 𝟒 = 𝟎.

Sol: Given circles

𝑺 ≡ 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟓𝒚 + 𝟒 = 𝟎,
𝑺′ ≡ 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟓𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 + 𝟒 = 𝟎.

𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝑐ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑑 𝑖𝑠 𝑆 − 𝑆’ = 0

⇨−2𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 0 ⇨ 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 0 … . . (1)
𝐶𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 – , − 𝑎𝑛𝑑

𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠(𝑟 ) = + −4=

= 𝑜𝑓 𝑆 = 0

d 𝑖𝑠 ⊥ 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 − , − 𝑡𝑜 (1)

| |
𝑑=
√

𝒅= = =
√ √ √

Length of chord is =2√𝑟 − 𝑑

=2 −

=2

= 2. √4
= 2.2
=4

Q.No: 12 SYSTEM OF CIRCLE

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1. Find the eq’’n of the ellipse with focus 2. Find the eq’’n of ellipse in standard form whose distance
𝟐 b/w foci is 8 and distance b/w the direcrtices is 32.
(1, -1), 𝐞 = 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐝𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐜𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐱
𝟑
Sol: Given distance b/w
𝐚𝐬 𝐱 + 𝐲 + 𝟐 = 𝟎.
S (ae, 0) and S’ (-ae, 0)
Sol:
⇨2ae = 8 ⇨ ae = 4 … … . (1)
Given S (1, -1), e= & l ≡ x + y + 2 = 0 And distance b/w the direcrtices is 32
Let P (x, y) be any point on the locus = 32 ⇨ = 16 … (2)
W.K .T =e multiplying ( 1)& (2)
(ae) = 4.16 = 64
⇨SP = ePM
a = 64 ⇨ a = 8
| |
(x − 1) + (y + 1) = 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐛𝟐 = 𝐚𝟐 (𝟏 − 𝐞𝟐 )
√
S. O. B =⇨ a − (ae)
⇨9[(x − 1) + (y + 1) ] = (x + y + 2) = 64 − 16 = 48

⇨9[x + 1 − 2x + y + 1 + 2y] ∴ a = 64, b = 48

The required eq’’n of the ellipse is
= 2[x + y + 4 + 2xy + 4y + 4x]
+ =1
⇨9x + 9 − 18x + 9y + 9 + 18y (H/W) Find the eq’’n of ellipse referred t its major and
= 2x + 2y + 8 + 4xy + 8y + 8x minor axis as coordinate axes x, y respectively with length
of latus rectum is 4 and distance between foci 4√𝟐.

∴ 7x − 4xy + 7y − 26x + 10y + 10 = 0 A: + =1

(H/w)(i)Find the eccentricity of the ellipse, if its length of

the latus rectum is equal to half of its major axis.
(ii)Find the eccentricity of the ellipse, if its length of the
latus rectum is equal to half of its minor axis.
(iii)If the length of the major axis of an ellipse is three
times the length of its minor axis then find the eccentricity
of the ellipse.

Q.No: 13 & 14 ELLIPSE Q.No: 13 & 14 ELLIPSE

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3. Find the eq’’n of ellipse in standard form whose distance 4. 𝐈𝐟 𝐩(𝐱, 𝐲)𝐚𝐧𝐲 𝐩𝐨𝐢𝐧𝐭 𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐞𝐥𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐬𝐞
b/w foci is 2 and the length of latus rectum is 15/2. 𝐱𝟐 𝐲𝟐
𝐚𝟐 + 𝐛𝟐
= 𝟏 Where S & S’ are foci, then P.T
𝐒𝐏 + 𝐒 𝐏 = 𝟐𝐚.
Sol: Given distance b/w
Sol: The eq’’n of the ellipse is given by
S (ae, 0) and S’ (-ae, 0)
⇨2ae = 2 ⇨ ae = 1 … … . (1) + = 1…… (1)
Let S, S’ be the foci
And L. L. R = =
& ZM, ZM’ be the direcrtices.
⇨b = … … . (2) Join SP and SP’. Draw PL perpendicular to
X-axis and MP perpendicular to the two direcrtices.
𝑏 = 𝑎 (1 − 𝑒 ) By the definition of ellipse

⇨a (1 − e ) = ’
=e =e
⇨a − (ae) =
⇨a − 1 = 𝑆𝑃 = 𝑒𝑃𝑀 𝑆’𝑃 = 𝑒𝑃𝑀’
⇨4a − 4 = 15a
L.H.S SP + S P = ePM + ePM′
⇨4a − 15a − 4 = 0
⇨4a − 16a + a − 4 = 0 SP + S P = e(𝑃𝑀 + 𝑃𝑀′ )
⇨4a(a − 4) + 1(a − 4) = 0 = e(𝑀𝑀′ )
⇨(a − 4)(4a + 1) = 0 = e(𝑍𝑍′ )
(a − 4) = 0, (4a + 1) = 0 =e
a = 4 or a = − × SP + S P = 2a
( )
From (2) ⇨ b = = 15 ∴ SP + S P = 2a( constant)

∴ a = 16, b = 15

The required eq’’n of the ellipse is + =1

2𝑎
ZZ’=
𝑒
(H/w)Find the equation of the ellipse in the standard form,
if it passes through the points (-2, 2), (3, -1)

Q.No: 13 & 14 ELLIPSE Q.No: 13 & 14 ELLIPSE

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6. Find the eccentricity, foci, equations of direcrtices, length

𝟐 𝟐
5. The distance of a point on the ellipse 𝐱 + 𝟑𝐲 = 𝟔 from its of latus rectum of the ellipse 𝟗𝐱 𝟐 + 𝟏𝟔𝐲 𝟐 = 𝟏𝟒𝟒.
centre is equal to 2. Find the eccentric angles.
Sol: given eq’’n of the ellipse x + 3y = 6…..(1) Sol: Given eq’’n of the hyperbola
9x + 16y = 144 … … (1)
⇨ + =1 + =1
(÷ by 144)
Compare with standard form
a = 6 || b = 2
⇨ + =1 + =1
⇨a = √6|| b = √2
Compare with standard form
Any point on the ellipse a = 16 || b = 9
P (√6cosθ, √2sinθ) ⇨a = 4|| b = 3
Centre C(0, 0) (a>b)
CP=2 centre (0, 0)

√6cosθ − 0 + √2cosθ − 0 =2 √
e= =
⇨6cos θ + 2sin θ = 4
√
⇨6cos θ + 2(1 − cos θ) = 4 foci (±ae, 0) = ±4 , 0
⇨6cos θ + 2−2cos θ = 4 = (±√7, 0)
⇨4cos θ=2 .
L. L. R = = =
⇨4cos θ = ∴ cosθ = ±
√

L. of Ma Axis = 2a = 2(4) = 8
∴𝜃= , , ,
L . of Mi Axis = 2b = 2(3) = 6

Eq nof directrices x = ±
⇨ x = ± √ ⇨ √7x ± 16 = 0.

Q.No: 13 & 14 ELLIPSE Q.No: 13 & 14 ELLIPSE

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7. Find the eccentricity, foci, equations of direcrtices, length of 8. Find the eq’n of tangent and normal to the ellipse
latus rectum of the ellipse 𝟗𝐱𝟐 + 𝟏𝟔𝐲 𝟐 = 𝟏𝟒𝟒 at the end of the latus rectum in the
(𝐢)𝟗𝐱 𝟐 + 𝟏𝟔𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟑𝟔𝐱 + 𝟑𝟐𝐲 − 𝟗𝟐 = 𝟎 first quadrant.
Sol: Given eq’’n of the hyperbola Sol: Given eq’’n of ellipse
9x + 16y − 36x + 32y − 92 = 0 … … (1) 9x + 16y = 144 …… (1)
⇨9x − 36x + 16y + 32y − 92 = 0

⇨ + =1⇨ + =1
⇨9[x − 4x] + 16[y + 2y] − 92 = 0

⇨9[x − 4x + 4 − 4] + 16[y + 2y + 1 − 1] = 92 ∴ a = 16, b = 9

⇨9[(x − 2) ] − 36 + 16[(y + 1) ] − 16 = 92 e= =
√

⇨9[(x − 2) ] + 16[(y + 1) ] = 144 (÷ by 144)

End of the latus rectum in the first quadrant p ae,
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) √
⇨ + =1 + =1 = 4 , = (√7, )
Compare with standard form
a = 16 || b = 9 𝐱𝐱 𝟏 𝐲𝐲𝟏
𝐞𝐪’’𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐚𝐭 𝐩 𝐢𝐬 𝐚𝟐
+ 𝐛𝟐
=𝟏
⇨a = 4|| b = 3
(a>b)centre (h, k) = (2, −1) √
⇨ + =1
⇨ √7 x + 4y = 16
√
e= =
𝐚𝟐 𝐱 𝐛𝟐 𝐲
foci (h ± ae, k) = 2 ± 4
√
, −1 = (2 ± √7, − 1) 𝐞𝐪’’𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐧𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐥 𝐚𝐭 𝐩 𝐢𝐬 𝐱𝟏
− 𝐲𝟏
= 𝐚𝟐 − 𝐛𝟐
.
L. L. R = = =
⇨ − = 16 − 9
√

Eq n of directrices x = h ± ⇨ x = −2 ± √
⇨16x − 4√7 y = 7√7 .

⇨ √7x + 2√7 ± 16 = 0. (h/w)Find the radius of the circle passing through the foci
(ii) 𝟑𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟔𝐱 − 𝟐𝐲 − 𝟓 = 𝟎 of an ellipse 𝟗𝐱 𝟐 + 𝟏𝟔𝐲 𝟐 = 𝟏𝟒𝟒 𝐚𝐧𝐝 having least radius.
(iii) 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲𝟐𝟐 − 𝟔𝐱 + 𝟏𝟐𝐲 + 𝟏𝟒 = 𝟎
(iv) 𝟒𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟖𝐱 + 𝟐𝐲 + 𝟏 = 𝟎

Q.No: 13 & 14 ELLIPSE Q.No: 13 & 14 ELLIPSE

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9. find the eq’’n of tangents to the ellipse 𝟐𝐱𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 = 𝟖 which

are (i) parallel 𝐱 − 𝟐𝐲 − 𝟒 = 𝟎(ii) Perpendicular to the line 10. Find the eq’’n of tangents to the ellipse 𝟗𝐱 𝟐 + 𝟏𝟔𝐲 𝟐 = 𝟏𝟒𝟒
𝐱 + 𝐲 + 𝟐 = 𝟎. which makes equal intercepts on the coordinate axes.
Sol: Given eq’’n of ellipse
Sol: Given eq’’n of ellipse 9x + 16y = 144 …… (1)
2x + y = 8… (1)

⇨ + =1⇨ + =1
⇨ + =1⇨ + =1 ∴ a = 4, b = 8

(i)Given line x − 2y − 4 = 0 … (2) ∴ a = 16, b = 9

Since eq’’n of tangents makes equal intercepts on the co-
⇨2y = x − 4 ordinate axes, so m=±1{𝑚 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜃 = 45° 𝑜𝑟 135°}
⇨y= − {y = mx + c} m= Eq’’n of tangent to the ellipse are

𝐞𝐪’’𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐥 𝐭𝐨 (𝟐)𝐢𝐬

𝐲 = 𝐦𝐱 ± √𝐚𝟐 𝐦𝟐 + 𝐛 𝟐
𝐲 = 𝐦𝐱 ± √𝐚𝟐 𝐦𝟐 − 𝐛𝟐
⇨ y = ±1x ± 16(−1) + 9
⇨y= x± 4 +8 ⇨ y = ±x ± 5
⇨x ± y ± 5 = 0
⇨ y = ± √9 or x − 2y ± 6 = 0

(ii) Given line 𝐱 + 𝐲 + 𝟐 = 𝟎

⇨y = −x − 2 {y = mx + c} m = −1

perpendicular slope − =− =1

eq’’n of tangent perpendicular to (3)

is y = mx ± √a m + b

⇨ y = 1x ± 4(1) + 8

⇨ y = x ± √12 or x − y ± 2√3 = 0.

Q.No: 13 & 14 ELLIPSE Q.No: 13 & 14 ELLIPSE

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11. Show that the condition for the line 12. Show that the condition for the line
𝐲 = 𝐦𝐱 + 𝐜 to be a tangent to the ellipse 𝐥𝐱 + 𝐦𝐲 + 𝐧 = 𝟎 to be a tangent to the ellipse
𝐱𝟐 𝐲𝟐 𝐱𝟐 𝐲𝟐
𝟐 + = 𝟏 𝐢𝐬 𝐜𝟐 = 𝐚𝟐 𝐦𝟐 + 𝐛𝟐 . 𝟐 + = 𝟏 𝐢𝐬 𝐚𝟐 𝐥𝟐 + 𝐛𝟐 𝐦𝟐 = 𝐧𝟐 .
𝐚 𝐛𝟐 𝐚 𝐛𝟐
𝐒𝐨𝐥: Given eq’’n of the ellipse 𝐒𝐨𝐥: Given eq’’n of the ellipse
+ = 1 … . . (1) + = 1 … . . (1)
Eq’’n of tangent to (1) at P(θ)
cosθ + sinθ − 1 = 0 … . . (2) Eq’’n of tangent to (1) at P(θ)
cosθ + sinθ − 1 = 0 … . . (2)
Given eq’’n of tangent 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐
mx − y + c = 0 … … (3) Given eq’’n of tangent
lx + my + n = 0 … … (3)
Eq’’n (2) & (3) represents same line
Comparing coefficients Eq’’n (2) & (3) represents same line
Comparing coefficients
⇨ = = ⇨ = =
. .( )
⇨ = = ⇨ = =
. .

⇨ cosθ = − & sinθ =

⇨ cosθ = − & sinθ = −

we know that cos θ + sin θ = 1 ⇨ − + =1

we know that cos θ + sin θ = 1 ⇨ − + − =1
⇨ + =1∴a m +b =c .

⇨ + = 1∴a l +b m =n .

Q.No: 13 & 14 ELLIPSE Q.No: 13 & 14 ELLIPSE

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14. Find the value of k if 𝟒𝐱 + 𝐲 + 𝐤 = 𝟎 is a tangent to

13. Find the condition for the line
the ellipse 𝐱𝟐 + 𝟑𝐲 𝟐 = 𝟑.
𝐱𝐜𝐨𝐬𝛂 + 𝐲𝐬𝐢𝐧𝛂 = 𝐩 to be a tangent to the ellipse
Sol: Sol: Given eq’’n of ellipse
𝐱𝟐 𝐲𝟐
− =𝟏. x + 3y = 3… (1)
𝐚𝟐 𝐛𝟐
𝐒𝐨𝐥: Given eq’’n of the ellipse
+ = 1 … . . (1) ⇨ + =1⇨ + =1

∴ a = 3, b = 1
Eq’’n of tangent to (1) at P(θ)
Given line 4x + y + k = 0 … (2)
cosθ + sinθ − 1 = 0 … . . (2)
⇨y = −4x + k {y = mx + c}
m = −4 , c = −k
Given eq’’n of tangent
condition for tangency c = a m + b
xcosα + ysinα = p … … (3)
⇨ k = (3)(16) + 1
Eq’’n (2) & (3) represents same line
⇨ k = 49
Comparing coefficients
∴ k = ±7.
⇨ = = ⇨ = =
. .

⇨ cosθ = & sinθ =

we know that cos θ + sin θ = 1

⇨ + =1

∴ a cos α + b sin α = p

Q.No: 13 & 14 ELLIPSE Q.No: 13 & 14 ELLIPSE

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16. Show that the point of intersection of the

15. If the normal at one end of a latus rectum of the 𝐱𝟐 𝐲𝟐
perpendicular tangents to an ellipse 𝟐 + = 𝟏 lies on a
𝐱𝟐 𝐲𝟐 𝐚 𝐛𝟐
ellipse 𝟐 + = 𝟏 passes through one end of the minor circle.
𝐚 𝐛𝟐
𝟒 𝟐
axis, then S.T 𝐞 + 𝐞 = 𝟏. Sol: let y = mx ± √a m + b
Sol: eq’’n of the normal to the ellipse
be the tangent to the ellipse + =1
+ = 1 is − =a −b Let P (x , y ) be point of intersection of tngts
Let L(ae, ) one end of the latus rectum P lies on tngts
The eq’’n of the normal at L is ∴ y = mx ± √a m + b

− =a −b
⇨ y − mx = ±√a m + b
− =a −b S . O. B
⇨(y − mx ) = (√a m + b )
Since it passes through one end of minor axis (0, -b)
( ) ( )
− =a −b
𝑎 −𝑏 y + m x − 2mx y − a m − b = 0
ab = a − b 𝑒 = ⇨ m (x − a ) − 2mx y + (y − b ) = 0
𝑎
⇨ ab = a e
⇨ b = ae S. O. B 𝑎 𝑒 =𝑎 − 𝑏
∴is a Q.E in ‘’m’’ {ax + bx + c = 0}
⇨b = a e 𝑏 = 𝑎 (1 − 𝑒 )
a (1 − e )= a e Let m , m be the roots

(1 − e )= e ∴ 𝐞𝟒 + 𝐞𝟐 = 𝟏.
⇨m . m = {m . m = −1 ⊥ lar tngt}

⇨ = −1 ⇨ y − b = −x +a

x +y = a + b is an eq n of a circle

∴ p lie s on a circle.

Q.No: 13 & 14 ELLIPSE Q.No: 13 & 14 ELLIPSE

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17. Show that the locus of the feet of the perpendicular drawn 18. Find the equation of tangent and normal to the
from foci to any tangent of the ellipse is auxiliary circle. ellipse 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝟖𝐲 𝟐 = 𝟑𝟑 𝐚𝐭 (−𝟏, 𝟐).
Sol: let y = mx ± √a m + b
Sol: Given equation of the ellipse 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝟖𝐲 𝟐 = 𝟑𝟑 … … . (𝟏)
be the tangent to the ellipse + =1
Equation of tangent to (1) at (-1, 2) is 𝑺𝟏 = 𝟎
Let P (x , y ) be point of intersection of tngts
P lies on tangents ⇨ 𝒙𝒙𝟏 + 𝟖𝒚𝒚𝟏 = 𝟑𝟑 ⇨𝒙(−𝟏) + 𝟖𝒚(𝟐) = 𝟑𝟑
∴ y = mx ± √a m + b ⇨𝒙 − 𝟏𝟔𝒚 + 𝟑𝟑 = 𝟎.
(y − mx ) = ±√a m + b …… (1)
Equation of normal to (1) is 𝒃(𝒙−𝒙𝟏 ) − 𝒂(𝒚−𝒚𝟏 ) = 𝟎
The equation of any line perpendicular to the above
tangent has slope -1/m. ⇨−𝟏𝟔(𝒙 + 𝟏) − 𝟏(𝒚 − 𝟐) = 𝟎 ⇨−𝟏𝟔𝒙 − 𝟏𝟔 − 𝒚 + 𝟐 = 𝟎
If it passes through foci (±𝑎𝑒, 0) then its equation is
⇨𝟏𝟔𝒙 + 𝒚 + 𝟏𝟒 = 𝟎.
(𝑦 − 𝑦 ) = − (𝑥 − 𝑥 )
19. Find the equation of tangent and normal to the ellipse
⇨(𝑦 − 0) = − (𝑥 ± 𝑎𝑒) ⇨ 𝑚𝑦 + 𝑥 = ±𝑎𝑒
𝟐𝐱 𝟐 + 𝟑𝐲 𝟐 = 𝟏𝟏 𝐚𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐩𝐨𝐢𝐧𝐭 𝐰𝐡𝐨𝐬𝐞 𝐨𝐫𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐢𝐬 𝟏.
⇨ 𝑚𝑦 + 𝑥 = ±𝑎𝑒 … … . (2)
Squaring and adding above two equations Sol: Given equation of the ellipse 𝟐𝐱 𝟐 + 𝟑𝐲 𝟐 = 𝟏𝟏 … … . (𝟏)
⇨(y − mx ) + (𝑚𝑦 + 𝑥 ) = a m + b + (𝑎𝑒 ) Let p(𝒙𝟏 , 𝒚𝟏 ) be any point on the locus⇨ 𝟐𝒙𝟏 𝟐 + 𝟑𝒚𝟏 𝟐 = 𝟏𝟏
⇨𝑦 + 𝑚 𝑥 − 2𝑚𝑥 𝑦 + 𝑚 𝑦 + 𝑥 + 2𝑚𝑥 𝑦
= a m + b + (𝑎𝑒) Given 𝒚𝟏 = 𝟏 ⇨ 𝟐𝒙𝟏 𝟐 + 𝟑(𝟏)𝟐 = 𝟏𝟏 ⇨ 𝟐𝒙𝟏 𝟐 = 𝟏𝟏 − 𝟑

⇨𝑥 (𝑚 + 1) + 𝑦 (𝑚 + 1) = a m + b + 𝑎 𝑒 ⇨ 𝟐𝒙𝟏 𝟐 = 𝟖

⇨(𝑥 + +𝑦 )(𝑚 + 1) = a m + a (1 − 𝑒 ) + 𝑎 𝑒 ⇨ 𝒙𝟏 𝟐 = 𝟒 ∴𝒙 = ±𝟐 ⇨ (𝟐, 𝟏)𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑸 (−𝟐, 𝟏)

⇨(𝑥 + +𝑦 )(𝑚 + 1) = a (m + 1) − a 𝑒 + 𝑎 𝑒 Equation of tangent to (1) at P (2, 1) is 𝑺𝟏 = 𝟎

⇨ 𝟐𝒙𝒙𝟏 + 𝟑𝒚𝒚𝟏 = 𝟏𝟏
⇨(𝑥 + +𝑦 )(𝑚 + 1) = a (m + 1)
⇨𝟐𝒙(𝟐) + 𝟑𝒚(𝟏) = 𝟏𝟏 ⇨𝟒𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 − 𝟏𝟏 = 𝟎.
⇨𝑥 + +𝑦 = a
Equation of tangent to (1) at Q (-2, 1) is 𝑺𝟏 = 𝟎
⇨ 𝟐𝒙𝒙𝟏 + 𝟑𝒚𝒚𝟏 = 𝟏𝟏
⇨𝟐𝒙(−𝟐) + 𝟑𝒚(𝟏) = 𝟏𝟏 ⇨𝟒𝒙 − 𝟑𝒚 + 𝟏𝟏 = 𝟎.

Q.No: 13 & 14 ELLIPSE Q.No: 13 & 14 ELLIPSE

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𝐱𝟐 𝐲𝟐
20. If a tangent to the ellipse 𝐚𝟐 + 𝐛𝟐 = 𝟏 meets its major axis
and minor axis at M and N respectively then prove that
𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐
(𝑪𝑴)𝟐
+ (𝑪𝑵)𝟐 = 𝟏. 21. The tangent and normal to the ellipse 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝟒𝐲 𝟐 = 𝟒 at a
𝐒𝐨𝐥: Given eq’’n of the ellipse point (𝜽) on it meets the major axis in Q and R respectively.
𝝅 𝟏 𝟐
+ = 1 … . . (1) If 𝟎 < 𝜽 < 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑸𝑹 = 𝟐 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒔𝒉𝒐𝒘 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 𝜽 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 .
𝟐 𝟑

Eq’’n of tangent to (1) at P (θ)

cosθ + sinθ − 1 = 0 … . . (2)
22. Find the condition for the line 𝒍𝒙 + 𝒎𝒚 + 𝒏 = 𝟎 to be
+ =1 𝐱𝟐 𝐲𝟐
normal to the ellipse 𝟐 + = 𝟏.
𝐚 𝐛𝟐
meets the major axis and minor axis at M and N
respectively.
∴ 𝐶𝑀 = ⇨ cosθ = , sinθ = 𝐱𝟐 𝐲𝟐
23. If PN is the ordinate of a point p on the ellipse 𝐚𝟐 + 𝐛 𝟐 = 𝟏
𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐
L.H.S + = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽 = 𝟏 𝑹. 𝑯. 𝑺 and the tangent at p meets X-axis at T then show that
(𝑪𝑴)𝟐 (𝑪𝑵)𝟐
(𝑪𝑵)(𝑪𝑻) = 𝒂𝟐 where c is the Centre of the ellipse.

24. A circle of radius 4, is concentric with the ellipse

𝟑𝐱𝟐 + 𝟏𝟑𝐲 𝟐 = 𝟕𝟖. Then prove that a common tangent is
𝝅
inclined to the major axis at an angle .
𝟐

Q.No: 13 & 14 ELLIPSE Q.No: 13 & 14 ELLIPSE

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Q.No: 13 & 14 ELLIPSE

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1. One focus of a hyperbola is (1, -3) and the corresponding

directrix is 𝒚 = 𝟐.find the eq’’n of the hyperbola if its
2. Find the eccentricity, foci, equations of direcrtices, length
eccentricity is 3/2.
of latus rectum of the hyperbola 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒚𝟐 = 𝟒.
Sol: Given S (1, -3),
e= &
Sol: Given eq’’n of the hyperbola
𝑙≡𝑦=2 𝑥 − 4𝑦 = 4 … … (1) (÷ 𝑏𝑦 4)

Let P (𝑥, 𝑦) be any point on hyperbola 𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐

⇨ − =1 − =𝟏
𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐
W.K .T =𝑒
Compare with standard form
𝑎 = 4 || 𝑏 = 1
⇨𝑆𝑃 = 𝑒𝑃𝑀
⇨𝑎 = 2|| 𝑏 = 1
| |
(𝑥 − 1) + (𝑦 + 3) = (1). 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 (0, 0)
√
𝑆. 𝑂. 𝐵
⇨4[(𝑥 − 1) + (𝑦 + 3) ] = 9(𝑦 − 2) √
(2). 𝑒 = =

⇨4[𝑥 + 1 − 2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 9 + 6𝑦] = 9[𝑦 + 4 − 4𝑦] √

(3). 𝑓𝑜𝑐𝑖 (±𝑎𝑒, 0) = ±2 ,0
= (± 5, 0)
⇨4𝑥 + 4 − 8𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 36 + 24𝑦 = 9𝑦 + 36 − 36𝑦
.
(4). 𝐿. 𝐿. 𝑅 = = =1
∴4𝑥 − 5𝑦 − 8𝑥 + 60𝑦 + 4 = 0 (7). 𝐸𝑞 𝑛𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑥 = ±
⇨ 𝑥 = ± √ ⇨ √5𝑥 ± 4 = 0.

Q.No: 15 Hyperbola Q.No: 15 Hyperbola

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3. 𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒅 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒆𝒄𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚, 𝒇𝒐𝒄𝒊 & 𝑒𝒒 𝒏𝒔 𝒐𝒇 4. Find the eccentricity, foci, equations of direcrtices, length
𝒅𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒆𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒉𝒚𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒃𝒐𝒍𝒂 of latus rectum of the hyperbola
𝟏𝟔𝒚𝟐 − 𝟗𝒙𝟐 = 𝟏𝟒𝟒 𝟓𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒚𝟐 + 𝟐𝟎𝒙 + 𝟖𝒚 = 𝟒
Sol: Given eq’’n of the hyperbola
𝑺𝒐𝒍: 𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑞’’𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑎 5𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 20𝑥 + 8𝑦 = 4 … … (1)
16𝑦 − 9𝑥 = 144 … … (1) (÷ 𝑏𝑦 4) ⇨5𝑥 + 20𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 8𝑦 = 4
⇨5[𝑥 + 4𝑥] − 4[𝑦 − 2𝑦] = 4
⇨5[𝑥 + 4𝑥 + 4 − 4] − 4[𝑦 − 2𝑦 + 1 − 1] = 98
⇨ − = −1 − = −1
⇨5[(𝑥 + 2) ] − 20 − 4[(𝑦 − 1) ] + 4 = 4
𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚 ⇨5[(𝑥 + 2) ] − 4[(𝑦 − 1) ] = 20
𝑎 = 16 || 𝑏 = 9 (÷ 𝑏𝑦 20)
⇨ 𝑎 = 4|| 𝑏 = 3
( ) ( )
(1). 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 (0, 0) ⇨ − =1
( ) ( )
− =1
√ Compare with standard form
(2 ). 𝑒 = = =
𝑎 = 4 || 𝑏 = 5
⇨𝑎 = 2|| 𝑏 = √5
(1). 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 (ℎ, 𝑘 ) = (−2, 1)
(3). 𝑓𝑜𝑐𝑖 (0, ±𝑏𝑒 ) = 0, ±3. = (0, ± 5)
.
(4). 𝐿. 𝐿. 𝑅 = = = √
(2 ). 𝑒 = = =

(5). 𝐿. 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒 𝐴𝑥𝑖𝑠 = 2𝑎 = 8 (3). 𝑓𝑜𝑐𝑖 (ℎ ± 𝑎𝑒, 𝑘 ) = −2 ± 2. , 1

= (−2 ± 3,1) = (1, 1)𝑎𝑛𝑑(−5, 1)
(6). 𝐿 . 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝐴𝑥𝑖𝑠 = 2𝑏 = 6
.
(4). 𝐿. 𝐿. 𝑅 = = =5
(7). 𝐸𝑞 𝑛𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑦 = ±
(5). 𝐸𝑞 𝑛𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑥 − ℎ = ±
⇨𝑥=± ⇨ 5𝑥 ± 9 = 0.
⇨ 𝑥+2=± ⇨𝑥+2=±

⇨ 3𝑥 + 2 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 3𝑥 + 10 = 0

Q.No: 15 Hyperbola Q.No: 15 Hyperbola

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5. find the eq’’n of tangents to the hyperbola 𝟑𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒚𝟐 = 𝟏𝟐 6. find the eq’’n of tangents to the hyperbola 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒚𝟐 = 𝟒
which are (i) parallel which are (i) parallel
(ii) Perpendicular to the line 𝒚 = 𝒙 − 𝟕. (ii) Perpendicular to the line 𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 = 𝟎.
Sol: Given hyperbola
Sol: Given hyperbola 𝑥 − 4𝑦 = 4… (1)
3𝑥 − 4𝑦 = 12… (1)
⇨ − =1
⇨ − =1

⇨ − =1 ∴ 𝑎 = 4, 𝑏 = 1
⇨ − =1 ∴ 𝑎 = 4, 𝑏 = 3
(i) eq’’n of tangent parallel to 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 0
(i) eq’’n of tangent parallel to 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 7
{𝑚 = − } 𝑚=−
{𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐} 𝑚=1
𝑖𝑠 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 ± √𝑎 𝑚 − 𝑏
𝑖𝑠 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 ± √𝑎 𝑚 − 𝑏

⇨ 𝑦 = 1𝑥 ± 4(1) − 3 ⇨𝑦= 𝑥 ± 4(− ) − 1

⇨ 𝑦 = 𝑥 ± 1 or 𝑥 − 𝑦 ± 1 = 0 ⇨ 2𝑦 = −𝑥 ± 0 or 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 0

(ii) eq’’n of tangent perpendicular to 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 7 (ii) eq’’n of tangent perpendicular to 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 0

{𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐} 𝑚=1 {𝑚 = − 𝑛} 𝑚 = −

𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 − = − = −1 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 − =− =2

𝑖𝑠 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 ± √𝑎 𝑚 − 𝑏
𝑖𝑠 𝑦 = 2𝑥 ± √𝑎 𝑚 − 𝑏

⇨ 𝑦 = −1𝑥 ± 4(1) − 3 ⇨ 𝑦 = 2𝑥 ± 4(4) − 1

⇨ 𝑦 = −𝑥 ± 1 or 𝑥 + 𝑦 ± 1 = 0.
⇨ 𝑦 = 2𝑥 ± √15 or 2𝑥 − 𝑦 ± √15 = 0.

Q.No: 15 Hyperbola Q.No: 15 Hyperbola

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7. Show the angle b/w the two asymptotes of a hyperbola 8. 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐝𝐢𝐟𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐝𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐬 of any point
𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐 𝟏 𝒃 𝟏 on the hyperbola is constant if p is a point on the
− = 𝟏 𝒊𝒔 𝟐 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒐𝒓 𝟐 𝐬𝐞𝐜 (𝒆).
𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐 𝒂 𝐱𝟐 𝐲𝟐
hyperbola − = 𝟏 Where S & S’ are foci, then P.T
𝐚𝟐 𝐛𝟐
Sol: eq’’ns of asymptotes of − = 1 are
𝐒𝐏 − 𝐒 𝐏 = 𝟐𝐚.
− = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 + = 0 Sol: The eq’’n of the ellipse is given by
𝑙𝑒𝑡 2𝜃 𝑏𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑠𝑦𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑠. − = 1…… (1)
Let S, S’ be the foci
Slope of the asymptote − = 0 is & ZM, ZM’ be the direcrtices.
Join SP and SP’. Draw PL perpendicular to
/ 𝒃
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃(𝑚) = ⇨ 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝜽 = X-axis and MP perpendicular to the two direcrtices.
/ 𝒂
By the definition of ellipse
⇨𝜃 = tan
’
⇨2𝜃 = 2 tan =e =e

𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 = 1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 𝑆𝑃 = 𝑒𝑃𝑀 𝑆’𝑃 = 𝑒𝑃𝑀’

L.H.S SP − S P = ePM − ePM′

=1+
SP − S P = e(𝑃𝑀 − 𝑃𝑀′ )
𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 = 𝑒 = e(𝑀𝑀′ )
sec 𝜃 = 𝑒 ⇨ 𝜃 = sec 𝑒 = e(𝑍𝑍′ )
∴2 𝜃 = sec 𝑒 =e
𝟏 𝒃 𝟏 SP − S P = 2a
𝒉𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝟐𝜽 = 𝟐 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒐𝒓 𝟐 𝐬𝐞𝐜 (𝒆)
𝒂
∴ SP − S P = 2a( constant)

2𝑎
ZZ’= 𝑒

Q.No: 15 Hyperbola Q.No: 15 Hyperbola

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9. Show that the condition for the line

𝒍𝒙 + 𝒎𝒚 + 𝒏 = 𝟎 to be a tangent to the hyperbola
𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐
− = 𝟏 𝒊𝒔 10. 𝑭𝒊𝒏𝒅 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒆𝒒’𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒉𝒚𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒃𝒐𝒍𝒂 𝒘𝒉𝒐𝒔𝒆
𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐
𝒂 𝒍 − 𝒃𝟐 𝒎𝟐 = 𝒏𝟐 .
𝟐 𝟐
𝒇𝒐𝒄𝒊 𝒂𝒓𝒆 (𝟒, 𝟐), (𝟖, 𝟐) 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒆𝒄𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝒊𝒔 𝟐.
𝑺𝒐𝒍: Given eq’’n of the hyperbola
𝑆𝑜𝑙: 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑓𝑜𝑐𝑖 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑆 (4, 2), 𝑆’ (8, 2)
− = 1 … . . (1)
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑒 = 2.
𝐶𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝐶 = 𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝑆’
Eq’’n of tangent to (1) at P(𝜃) is 4+8 2+2
(ℎ, 𝑘) = , = (6, 2)
2 2
𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 − 1 = 0 … . . (2) 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑓𝑜𝑐𝑖 = 8
⇨ 2𝑎𝑒 = 𝑆𝑆’ = (8 − 4) + (2 − 2) = 4
Given eq’’n of tangent ⇨ 2𝑎𝑒 = 4
𝑙𝑥 + 𝑚𝑦 + 𝑛 = 0 … … (3) ⇨ 𝑎𝑒 = 2
2
⇨ 𝑎 = 2/𝑒 ⇨ 𝑎 = = 1
Eq’’n (2) & (3) represents same line 2
Comparing coefficients 𝑊. 𝐾. 𝑇 𝑏 = 𝑎 (𝑒 − 1)
⇨ 𝑏 = 1(4 − 1) = 3
⇨ = = (𝑥 − ℎ) (𝑦 − 𝑘)
𝐸𝑞. 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑎 − =1
𝑎 𝑏
(𝑥 − 6) (𝑦 − 2)
⇨ = = ⇨ − =1
. . 1 3
⇨ 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 = − & 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = −
sec 𝜃 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 = 1

⇨− − − =1

⇨ − =1

∴𝑎 𝑙 −𝑏 𝑚 =𝑛 .

Q.No: 15 Hyperbola Q.No: 15 Hyperbola

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12. Tangents to the hyperbola

𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐
11. Show that eq’’n of normal at P (𝜽) to the hyperbola − = 𝟏𝒎𝒂𝒌𝒆𝒔 𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝜽𝟏 , 𝜽𝟐 with the transverse
𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐
𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐 𝒂𝒙 𝒃𝒚 axis of a hyperbola. S.T the point of intersection of these
− = 𝟏 is + = 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐.
𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝜽 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝜽
tangents lies on the curve 𝟐𝒙𝒚 = 𝒌(𝒙𝟐 − 𝒂𝟐 ) 𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒏
Sol: Eq’’n of the hyperbola − = 1… (1) 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝜽𝟏 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝜽𝟐 = 𝒌 .
𝑝(𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃, 𝑏 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃)be any point on(1) Sol: Sol: 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 ± √𝑎 𝑚 − 𝑏
Equation of the tangent at P (𝜽) is
be the tangent to the hyperbola − =1
− =1
Let P (𝑥 , 𝑦 ) be point of intersection of tngts
⇨- =− +1 P lies on tangents
⇨−𝑦 = − +1 ∴ 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 ± √𝑎 𝑚 − 𝑏

Slope of the tangent =

⇨ 𝑦 − 𝑚𝑥 = ±√𝑎 𝑚 − 𝑏
𝑆 . 𝑂. 𝐵
Slope of the tangent= − ⇨(𝑦 − 𝑚𝑥 ) = (√𝑎 𝑚 − 𝑏 )

Now eq’’n of normal at P (𝜽) 𝑦 + 𝑚 𝑥 − 2𝑚𝑥 𝑦 − 𝑎 𝑚 + 𝑏 = 0

(𝑦 − 𝑦 ) = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥 ) ⇨ 𝑚 (𝑥 − 𝑎 ) − 2𝑚𝑥 𝑦 + (𝑦 + 𝑏 ) = 0
⇨ (𝑦 − 𝑏 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃) = − (𝑥 − 𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃) ∴is a Q.E in ‘’m’’ {a𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0}
⇨ 𝑏 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃(𝑦 − 𝑏 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃) = −𝑎 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃(𝑥 − 𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃) Let 𝑚 , 𝑚 𝑏𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠
⇨𝑚 + 𝑚 = −
⇨ 𝑏𝑦 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 − 𝑏 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 m1=tan𝜃 , m2=tan𝜃
= −𝑎 𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 + 𝑎 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 Given tan 𝜃 + tan 𝜃 = 𝑘
⇨𝑎𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 + 𝑏𝑦 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 = (𝑎 + 𝑏 )𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃
⇒𝑚 + 𝑚 = 𝑘
⇨𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 = (𝑎 + 𝑏 ) ⇒ =𝑘
⇒2𝑥 𝑦 = 𝑘(𝑦 − 𝑎 )
∴ + = (𝑎 + 𝑏 ) ∴ The equation of locus of P(x1, y1) is
2𝑥𝑦 = 𝑘(𝑦 − 𝑎 )

Q.No: 15 Hyperbola Q.No: 15 Hyperbola

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13. If 𝒆, 𝒆𝟏 are the eccentricities of a hyperbola and its 14. If the eccentricity of a hyperbola is 5/4, then find the
𝟏 𝟏 eccentricity of its conjugate hyperbola.
conjugate hyperbola, prove that + = 𝟏.
𝒆𝟐 𝒆𝟏 𝟐
Sol:
Sol:
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑒 = , 𝑒 =?
Eq’’n of the hyperbola − = 1… (1)
𝑊. 𝐾. 𝑇
⇨its eccentricity e= + = 1.
Eq’’n of conjugate hyperbola to (1) is ⇨ + =1
− = −1… (2)
⇨ + =1
⇨its eccentricity 𝑒 =
⇨ =1−
𝐿. 𝐻. 𝑆 = +
⇨ =
= + ⇨ =

⇨𝑒 =
= + 𝑒 =

= = 1 𝑅. 𝐻. 𝑆

Q.No: 15 Hyperbola Q.No: 15 Hyperbola

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𝒊
1. 𝑬𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒆 𝐥𝐢𝐦𝒏⇾ ∑𝒏𝒊 𝟎 𝒊𝟒 .
𝒏𝟒
√𝒏 𝟏 √𝒏 𝟐 ⋯ √𝒏 𝒏
𝑺𝒐𝒍: lim ∑ [ ÷ 𝑏𝑦 𝑛 ] 2. 𝐥𝐢𝐦𝒏⇾ .
⇾ 𝒏√ 𝒏
√ √ ⋯ √
𝒔𝒐𝒍: lim ⇾
√

= lim ⇾ ∑
√
lim ⇾ ∑
√

= lim ⇾ ∑ lim ∑
⇾

= lim ∑ lim ⇾ ∑ 1+
⇾

∴ ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = = lim ⇾ ∑ 𝑓 ∴ ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = = lim ⇾ ∑ 𝑓

= ∫ √1 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
=∫ 𝑑𝑥
/
= ∫ (1 + 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝟑 𝟏
(𝟏 𝒙)𝟐
= [log(1 + 𝑥 )] = 𝟑
𝟐 𝟎

𝟐
= [log 2 − log 1] = 𝟐𝟑/𝟐 − 𝟏𝟑/𝟐
𝟑

= log 2 = 2√2 − 1

Q.No: 16 Definite integrals Q.No: 16 Definite integrals

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𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝝅/𝟐 𝒂𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 𝒃𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙

3. 𝐥𝐢𝐦𝒏⇾ + +⋯+ . 4. ∫𝟎 𝒅𝒙
𝒏 𝟏 𝒏 𝟐 𝟔𝒏 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙

/
Sol: lim ⇾ + +⋯+ 𝑠𝑜𝑙: 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 … (1)

= lim + + ⋯+ ∴ ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑓(𝑎 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑥

⇾

= lim ⇾ + +⋯+ ( )
/
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥
( ) ( )

/
= lim ∑ 𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥 … (2)
⇾

𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 (1)& (2)

∴ ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = lim ⇾ ∑ 𝑓
/ /
=∫ 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥

/
=∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝐼+𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥

𝟓
= [log(1 + 𝑥)] 𝟎
/ ( ) ( )
2𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
= [log(1 + 5) − log(1 + 0)]
/ ( )( ) /
= [log 6 − log 1] = log 6 2𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = (𝑎 + 𝑏) ∫ 1𝑑𝑥
( )

/
2𝐼 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)[𝑥]

2𝐼 = (𝑎 + 𝑏) −0 = (𝑎 + 𝑏 ).

Q.No: 16 Definite integrals Q.No: 16 Definite integrals

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𝝅/𝟑 𝟐𝝅
5. ∫𝝅/𝟔
√𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙
𝒅𝒙 6. ∫𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟒 𝒙𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟔 𝒙 𝒅𝒙
√𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 √𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙
𝑆𝑜𝑙:
/ √ 𝐼=∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ∴∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 2 ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥
𝑠𝑜𝑙: 𝐼 = ∫ / 𝑑𝑥 … (1)
√ √

∴ ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑓(𝑎 + 𝑏 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = 2 ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ∴∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 2 ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥

( )
/ /
𝐼=∫/ 𝑑𝑥 𝐼 = 2.2 ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
( ) ( ) /
∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 =
( )( )( )…( )( )…
/ √ ( )( )( )…
𝐼=∫ /
𝑑𝑥 … (2)
√ √

. . . .
𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 (1)& (2) 𝐼 = 4. =
. . . .

𝝅/𝟐
𝐼+𝐼=∫/
/ √ √
𝑑𝑥 7. ∫ 𝝅/𝟐
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝒙𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟒 𝒙 𝒅𝒙
√ √
/ 𝑆𝑜𝑙:
2𝐼 = ∫ / 1𝑑𝑥 /
𝐼=∫ /
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

2𝐼 = [𝑥] 𝒂 𝒂
∴ ∫ 𝒂 𝒇(𝒙)𝒅𝒙 = 𝟐 ∫𝟎 𝒇(𝒙)𝒅𝒙

2𝐼 = −
𝐼 = 2 ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
/
2𝐼 = ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 =
(𝑛 − 1)(𝑛 − 3)(𝑛 − 5) … (𝑚 − 1)(𝑚 − 3) … 𝜋
𝐼=
(𝑚 + 𝑛)(𝑚 + 𝑛 − 2)(𝑚 + 𝑛 − 4) … 2

. .
𝐼 = 2. =
. .

Q.No: 16 Definite integrals Q.No: 16 Definite integrals

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𝝅/𝟐 𝟏 𝝅/𝟐
8. ∫𝟎 𝒅𝒙 9. Obtain a reduction formula for ∫𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒏 𝒙 𝒅𝒙.
𝟒 𝟓𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙
Let t= 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ; /
𝑠𝑜𝑙: Sol: Sol: I = ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 =∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥= ;
𝐿. 𝐿: 𝑥 = 0 ⇨ 𝑡 = 0 Here 𝑈 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 ⇨ 𝑈′ = (𝑛 − 1) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)
cos 𝑥 = V=sinx ⇨∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥 = −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑈. 𝐿: 𝑥 = ⇨ 𝑡=1
By using integration by parts (𝑼𝑽)𝒅𝒙 = 𝑼 𝑽𝒅𝒙 − [𝑼′ 𝑽𝒅𝒙]𝒅𝒙

/
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝐈𝒏 = [𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥. (−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)]
/

𝝅/𝟐
− ∫𝟎 (𝑛 − 1)𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)(−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)]𝑑𝑥
=∫
𝝅/𝟐
𝐈𝒏 = [0 − 0] + (n-1)∫𝟎 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥𝑑𝑥

=∫ ( )

𝝅/𝟐
= (𝒏 + 𝟏) ∫𝟎 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥(1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥)𝑑𝑥
= 2∫ 𝑑𝑡
𝝅/𝟐
= (𝒏 + 𝟏) ∫𝟎 (𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥−𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥)𝑑𝑥

= 2∫ 𝑑𝑡
𝝅/𝟐 𝝅/𝟐
= (𝒏 + 𝟏) ∫𝟎 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑑𝑥 -(𝒏 + 𝟏) ∫𝟎 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑑𝑥
1 1 𝑎+𝑥
∴ 𝑑𝑥 = log +𝑐
= 2∫ 𝑑𝑡 𝑎 −𝑥 2𝑎 𝑎−𝑥
I = (n − 1)I − (𝑛 − 1)I
= log
.( )
I + (𝑛 − 1)I =(n − 1)I
= log − log
I (1 + 𝑛 − 1)=(n − 1)I
= (log 2 − log 1) log 1 = 0
I (𝑛)=(n − 1)I

= (log 2) . ( ) ( ) ( )
I = . . ….. 𝑖𝑓 𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛
( )

Q.No: 16 Definite integrals Q.No: 16 Definite integrals

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𝟏
10. Evaluate∫𝟎 𝒙 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟏
𝒙 𝒅𝒙.
𝟏 𝟐𝒙
Sol: ∫ 𝑥 tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑏𝑦 𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑦 𝑝𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑠 11. 𝑬𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒆 ∫𝟎 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒅𝒙
𝟏 𝒙𝟐
Sol:
ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑢 = tan 𝑥 ⇨𝑢 =

𝑣 = 𝑥 ⇨ ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = +𝑐 𝐼 = ∫ sin 𝑑𝑥
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑥 = tan 𝜃 ⇨ 𝜃 = tan 𝑥
∫(𝑢𝑣)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑈 ∫ 𝑉𝑑𝑥 − ∫[𝑈′ ∫ 𝑉𝑑𝑥]𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃𝑑𝜃
𝐼 = tan 𝑥 . −∫ 𝑑𝑥
U.L L.L

𝜃 𝜃
𝐼 = tan 1 . − tan 0. − ∫ 𝑑𝑥
= tan 𝑥 = tan 𝑥

𝐼= . −0 − ∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝜃 𝜃
= tan 1 = tan 0

𝐼= − ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝜋
𝜃= 𝜃=0
4
𝐼= − ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥

𝐼= − [𝑥] + [tan 𝑥] =∫
/
sin 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃𝑑𝜃
/
=∫ sin[sin 2𝜃] 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃𝑑𝜃
𝐼= − [1 − 0] + [tan 1 − tan 0 ] /
= 2∫ 𝜃. 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃𝑑𝜃

𝐼= − + 𝑏𝑦 𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑦 𝑝𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑠

ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑢 = 𝜃 ⇨ 𝑢 = 1
𝐼= − + =𝐼= − 𝑣 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 ⇨ ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃𝑑𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 + 𝑐

∫(𝑢𝑣)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑈 ∫ 𝑉𝑑𝑥 − ∫[𝑈′ ∫ 𝑉𝑑𝑥]𝑑𝑥

Q.No: 16 Definite integrals Q.No: 16 Definite integrals

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/
𝐼 = 2[𝜃 tan 𝜃] − ∫ tan 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
/ /
𝜋 𝜋 / 𝐼 = 4(4) ∫ [𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃] 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑑𝜃
𝐼=2 tan − [log 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃]
4 4
/
𝐼 = (4) ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
𝐼=2 1 − 0 − log 𝑠𝑒𝑐 − log 𝑠𝑒𝑐0
( ) ( ) ( )
I = . . …..
( )
𝐼= − log √2 − log 1

I = 4 . . . . = 640𝜋
𝐼 = − log √2
13. Find the area enclosed by the curves
𝒚 = 𝟑𝒙 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒚 = 𝟔𝒙 − 𝒙𝟐 .
𝟒
12. ∫𝟎 (𝟏𝟔 − 𝒙𝟐 )𝟓/𝟐 𝒅𝒙 𝑺𝒐𝒍: Given eq’’n
𝑺𝒐𝒍: 𝑦 = 6𝑥 − 𝑥 … (1) 𝑦 = 3𝑥 … . . (2)
𝐼 = ∫ (16 − 𝑥 ) /
𝑑𝑥 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 (1)𝑎𝑛𝑑 (2)
6𝑥 − 𝑥 =3𝑥
⇨𝑥 - 3𝑥 = 0
𝒑𝒖𝒕 𝒙 = 𝟒𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 ⇨ 𝒅𝒙 = 𝟒𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽𝒅𝜽
⇨𝑥(𝑥 - 3) = 0
U.L L.L
𝑥 = 0 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 3
4 = 4𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑥 = 4𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
Required Area =∫ (1)— (2) 𝑑𝑥
𝜃 𝜃
=∫ 6𝑥 − 𝑥 — 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= sin 1 = sin 0
= ∫ [3𝑥 − 𝑥 ] 𝑑𝑥
𝜋 𝜃=0
𝜃= = −
2

= [3 − 0 ]- [3 − 0 ]
/ /
𝐼 = 4∫ [16 − 16𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃] 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑑𝜃
= −9= = 𝑠𝑞. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
/ / /
𝐼 = 4∫ (16) [1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃] 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑑𝜃

Q.No: 16 Definite integrals Q.No: 16 Definite integrals

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14. Find the area enclosed by the curves

𝒚 = 𝟒𝒙 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒙𝟐 = 𝟒𝒚 .
𝟐

Sol:
Given eq’’n 𝑦 = 4𝑥 ⇨ 𝑦 = √4𝑥 … (1)
𝒙𝟐
𝒙𝟐 = 𝟒𝒚 ⇨ 𝒚 = … . . (2)
𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 (1)𝑎𝑛𝑑 (2)
𝒙𝟐
√4𝑥 = S.O.B
𝒙𝟒
⇨4𝑥 =
⇨ 64𝑥 = 𝒙𝟒
⇨ 64𝑥 − 𝒙𝟒 = 0
⇨ 𝑥(64 − 𝒙𝟑 ) = 0
𝑥 = 0 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 64 ⇨𝑥 = 4

Required Area =∫ (1)— (2) 𝑑𝑥

𝒙𝟐
=∫ √4𝑥 − 𝑑𝑥

/
= ∫ 2𝑥 − 𝑑𝑥

/
= −
/ .

/ [4 − 0 ]
= 4 −0 -

= [8] − [64]

= − = 𝑠𝑞. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠

Q.No: 16 Definite integrals

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Differential equations: An equation involving one dependent 1. Solve

𝒅𝒚
+ 𝒚 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙
𝒅𝒙
variable and its derivatives w. r. t one or more independent
variables is called a differential equation. Sol: + 𝑦 tan 𝑥 = sin 𝑥

Order of differential equation: The order of a differential

equation is the order of the highest derivative occurring in it. 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚 𝑜𝑓 + 𝑃𝑦 = 𝑄
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥, 𝑄 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
Degree of differential equation: Degree of a differential
equation is the degree of the highest derivative occurring in it
when the derivatives are made free from the radical sign. ∴ 𝐼. 𝐹 = 𝑒 ∫
𝐼. 𝐹 = 𝑒 ∫ =𝑒 | |
Solutions of differential equations of the first order and first
I.F=𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥
degree:
𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑦(𝐼. 𝐹 ) = ∫ 𝑄 (𝐼. 𝐹)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐
 Variables separable method. ⇨y(𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥) = ∫ sin 𝑥 sec 𝑥𝑑𝑥
 Homogeneous equations.
 Non-Homogeneous equations: ⇨y(𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥) = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
 Linear equation:
 Equation reducible to linear form: ⇨y(𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥) = ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Linear differential equations in y: 𝑇𝑜 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒 + 𝑃𝑦 = 𝑄,

∴y(𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥) = log|𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥| + 𝑐
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑃 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑄 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 𝑜𝑛𝑙𝑦. 𝒅𝒚
2. Solve + 𝒚𝑺𝒆𝒄𝒙 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙
𝒅𝒙
Make the co-efficient of unity, if not so already.

Find 𝐼. 𝐹 = 𝑒 ∫ and remember that 𝒆∫ 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒇(𝒙) =𝒇(𝒙)

𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑦(𝐼. 𝐹) = ∫ 𝑄(𝐼. 𝐹)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐

SAQ Q.No 17 SAQ Q.No 17

Differential equations Differential equations

113
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𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒚
3. Solve − 𝒚 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙 = 𝒆𝒙 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝒙 4. Solve 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 + 𝒚 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 = 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝒙
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙
Sol: − 𝑦 tan 𝑥 = 𝑒 sec 𝑥 Sol:
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑦 sin 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥
𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚 𝑜𝑓 + 𝑃𝑦 = 𝑄
⇨ + 𝑦. = ⇨ + 𝑦. 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑃 = −𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥, 𝑄 = 𝑒 sec 𝑥
𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚 𝑜𝑓 + 𝑃𝑦 = 𝑄
∴ 𝐼. 𝐹 = 𝑒∫
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥, 𝑄 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥
| |
𝐼. 𝐹 = 𝑒 ∫ =𝑒
∴ 𝐼. 𝐹 = 𝑒 ∫
𝐼. 𝐹 = 𝑒 ∫ =𝑒 | |
I.F= = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 I.F=𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥
𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑦(𝐼. 𝐹) = ∫ 𝑄(𝐼. 𝐹)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑦(𝐼. 𝐹) = ∫ 𝑄(𝐼. 𝐹)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐 ⇨y(𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥) = ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥. sec 𝑥𝑑𝑥

⇨y(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥) = ∫ 𝑒 sec 𝑥 . 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ⇨y(𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥) = ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥𝑑𝑥

⇨y(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥) = ∫ 𝑒 𝑑𝑥 ⇨y(𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥) = ∫(1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥) 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥𝑑𝑥

⇨y(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥) = 𝑒 + 𝑐. 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 = 𝑡 ⇨ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡

⇨y(𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥) = ∫(1 + 𝑡 )𝑑𝑡

∴y(𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥) = 𝑡 + +𝑐

∴y(𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 + +𝑐
𝒅𝒚
5. Solve + 𝒚 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟑 𝒙
𝒅𝒙

SAQ Q.No 17 SAQ Q.No 17

Differential equations Differential equations

114
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𝒅𝒚 𝟏𝒙 𝒅𝒚
6. Solve (𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐 ) + 𝒚 = 𝒆𝐭𝐚𝐧 7. Solve (𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐 ) + 𝒚 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟏
𝒙
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙

𝟏
Sol: (1 + 𝑥 ) + 𝑦 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙
Sol: (1 + 𝑥 ) +𝑦 =𝑒 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟏 𝒙
⇨ + =
⇨ + = 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚 𝑜𝑓 + 𝑃𝑦 = 𝑄
𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚 𝑜𝑓 + 𝑃𝑦 = 𝑄 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟏𝒙
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑃 = ,𝑄 =
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑃 = ,𝑄 =
∴ 𝐼. 𝐹 = 𝑒 ∫ ⇨ 𝐼. 𝐹 = 𝑒 ∫ =𝑒
∴ 𝐼. 𝐹 = 𝑒 ∫ ⇨ 𝐼. 𝐹 = 𝑒 ∫ =𝑒
𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑦(𝐼. 𝐹) = ∫ 𝑄(𝐼. 𝐹)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑦(𝐼. 𝐹 ) = ∫ 𝑄(𝐼. 𝐹 )𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐
𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟏 𝒙
⇨𝑦. 𝑒 =∫ .𝑒 𝑑𝑥
⇨𝑦. 𝑒 =∫ .𝑒 𝑑𝑥
𝑙𝑒𝑡 tan 𝑥=𝑡⇨( )
𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡

𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑒 =𝑡⇨ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡
⇨y 𝑒 = ∫ 𝑒 . 𝑡. 𝑑𝑡

⇨𝑦. 𝑒 = ∫ 𝑡𝑑𝑡 ⇨ 𝑦. 𝑒 =
⇨y 𝑒 = 𝑒 (𝑒 − 1) + 𝑐

( )
∴ 𝑦. 𝑒 = +𝑐 ⇨y 𝑒 =𝑒 𝑒 − 1 + 𝑐.
𝒅𝒚
8. Solve 𝒙 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟐 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙
𝒅𝒙

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𝒅𝒚 Linear differential equations in x:

9. Solve (𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐 ) + 𝟐𝒙𝒚 − 𝟒𝒙𝟐 = 𝟎
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒚
10. Solve (𝒙 + 𝒚 + 𝟏) =𝟏
𝒅𝒙
Sol: (1 + x ) + 2xy − 4x = 0
Sol: (x + y + 1) =1
+ =
⇨ = ⇨ =x + y + 1
𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚 𝑜𝑓 + 𝑃𝑦 = 𝑄

𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑃 = ,𝑄 =
⇨ -x=y+1

∴ 𝐼. 𝐹 = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚 𝑜𝑓 + 𝑃𝑥 = 𝑄

𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑃 = −1, 𝑄 = 𝑦 + 1
𝐼. 𝐹 = 𝑒 ∫ =𝑒 ( )
=1+𝑥
∴ 𝐼. 𝐹 = 𝑒 ∫
𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑦(𝐼. 𝐹) = ∫ 𝑄(𝐼. 𝐹)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐 𝐼. 𝐹 = 𝑒 ∫ =𝑒
I.F=𝑒
⇨𝑦(1 + 𝑥 ) = ∫ . (1 + 𝑥 )𝑑𝑥
𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑥(𝐼. 𝐹) = ∫ 𝑄(𝐼. 𝐹)𝑑𝑦 + 𝑐
⇨x(𝑒 ) = ∫ 𝑒 (𝑦 + 1)𝑑𝑦
⇨𝑦(1 + 𝑥 ) = ∫ 4𝑥 . 𝑑𝑥
⇨x(𝑒 ) = (𝑦 + 1) ∫ 𝑒 𝑑𝑦
⇨𝑦(1 + 𝑥 ) = +𝑐 −∫ (𝑦 + 1) ∫ 𝑒 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦

∴ 𝑦(1 + 𝑥 ) = + 𝑐. ⇨x(𝑒 ) = −(𝑦 + 1)𝑒 − ∫ 1. 𝑑𝑦

⇨x(𝑒 ) = −(𝑦 + 1)𝑒 + ∫𝑒 𝑑𝑦

⇨ x(𝑒 ) = −(𝑦 + 1)𝑒 + +𝑐

x = −(𝑦 + 1) − 1 + 𝑐𝑒
x + y + 2 = 𝑐𝑒 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛.

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11. Solve (𝟏 + 𝒚𝟐 )𝒅𝒙 = (𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟏

𝒚 − 𝒙)𝒅𝒚 Variable separable method.
Sol:
(1 + 𝑦 )𝑑𝑥 = (tan 𝑦 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑦 To solve = 𝑋𝑌,where X is a function of x only and Y is a
function of y only.
⇨ = ( )
Bring all the terms of x and dx on one side, the terms of y and
dy on the other side.

⇨ +( = Integrate both sides and add an arbitrary constant on one side.

) ( )

𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚 𝑜𝑓 + 𝑃𝑥 = 𝑄 𝒅𝒚

1. Solve = 𝒆𝒙 𝒚
+ 𝒙𝟐 𝒆 𝒚
𝒅𝒙
1 tan 𝑦
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑃 = ,𝑄 = Sol: =𝑒 +𝑥 𝑒
(1 + 𝑦 ) (1 + 𝑦 )

∴ 𝐼. 𝐹 = 𝑒 ∫ ⇨ = +
∫
𝐼. 𝐹 = 𝑒 =𝑒
⇨ =
I.F=𝑒 ⇨𝑒 𝑑𝑦 = (𝑒 + 𝑥 )𝑑𝑥
𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑥(𝐼. 𝐹) = ∫ 𝑄(𝐼. 𝐹)𝑑𝑦 + 𝑐
⇨∫ 𝑒 𝑑𝑦 = ∫(𝑒 + 𝑥 )𝑑𝑥

⇨x 𝑒 = ∫𝑒 .( 𝑑𝑦
) ⇨𝑒 = 𝑒 + 2𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑙𝑒𝑡 tan 𝑦=𝑡⇨( )
𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑡
∴𝑒 = 𝑒 + 2𝑥 + 𝑐.
⇨x 𝑒 = ∫ 𝑒 . 𝑡. 𝑑𝑡

⇨x 𝑒 = 𝑒 (𝑒 − 1) + 𝑐

⇨x 𝑒 =𝑒 𝑒 −1 +𝑐

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2. Solve (𝒙𝒚𝟐 + 𝒙)dx+ ( 𝒚𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚) 𝒅𝒚=0. ∴ tan + tan =𝑐

√ √
4. Solve (𝒆𝒙 + 𝟏)𝒚𝒅𝒚 + (𝒚 + 𝟏)𝒅𝒙 = 𝟎
Sol: (𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥)dx+ ( 𝑦𝑥 + 𝑦) dy=0.

Sol: (𝑒 + 1)𝑦𝑑𝑦 + (𝑦 + 1)𝑑𝑥 = 0 ÷ 𝑏𝑦 (𝑒 + 1)(𝑦 + 1)

⇨ (𝑦 + 1)𝑥dx+ ( 𝑥 + 1) y dy=0.
( ) ( )
÷ 𝑏𝑦 (𝑦 + 1)( 𝑥 + 1) ⇨ + =0 ⇨( )( )
+( )( )
=0
( ) ( )

⇨ ∫( 𝑑𝑦 + ∫ ( 𝑑𝑥 = 0
⇨ ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ ( )
𝑑𝑦 = 0 ) )
( )

⇨∫ 𝑑𝑦 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = 0
⇨ log(1 + 𝑥 ) + log(1 + 𝑦 ) = log 𝑐 ( )

⇨ log(1 + 𝑥 )(1 + 𝑦 ) = log 𝑐 ∴ (1 + 𝑥 )(1 + 𝑦 ) = 𝑐 ⇨∫ −( 𝑑𝑦 + ∫ ( 𝑑𝑥 = 0

( ) ) )

𝒅𝒚 𝒚𝟐 𝒚 𝟏
3. Solve + =𝟎
𝒅𝒙 𝒙𝟐 𝒙 𝟏 ⇨ ∫ 1𝑑𝑦 − ∫ ( 𝑑𝑦 − ∫ ( 𝑑𝑥 = 0
) )

Sol: =− ⇨ =− ⇨ 𝑦 − log(𝑦 + 1) − log(1 + 𝑒 ) = log 𝑐

⇨ =− ⇨ 𝑦 = log(𝑦 + 1) + log(1 + 𝑒 ) + log 𝑐

⇨ 𝑦 = log(𝑦 + 1)(1 + 𝑒 )𝑐 ⇨ 𝑒 = 𝑐(𝑦 + 1)(1 + 𝑒 )

⇨∫ 𝑑𝑦 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√ √
𝑜𝑟

∴∫ 𝑑𝑥 = tan ( ) + 𝑐 𝑒 𝑒 = 𝑐(𝑦 + 1)(1 + 𝑒 )

𝑒 = 𝑐(𝑦 + 1)(1 + 𝑒 )
⇨ √
tan √
+ √
tan √
=𝑐

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𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒚 𝒙(𝟐𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙 𝟏)
5. Solve 𝒚 − 𝒙 = 𝟓(𝒚𝟐 + ) 6. Solve =
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒚 𝒚𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒚

( )
Sol: 𝑦 − 𝑥 = 5𝑦 + 5 Sol: =

⇨ (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦 + 𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = (2𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 + 𝑥)𝑑𝑥

⇨𝑥 +5 = 𝑦 − 5𝑦
⇨ ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦 𝑑𝑦 + ∫ 𝑦. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 𝑑𝑦
= 2 ∫ 𝑥. 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑥𝑑𝑥
⇨(x+5) = 𝑦(1 − 5𝑦)
⇨ −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 + 𝑦 ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 𝑑𝑦 − ∫ ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦

⇨ = = 2 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ (log 𝑥) ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
( ) ( )

⇨ −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 + 𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦

=2 log 𝑥 − ∫ + +𝑐

⇨ −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 + 𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦

= 𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 − + + 𝑐 ⇨ 𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 + 𝑐
7. Solve √𝟏 − 𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙 + 𝟏 − 𝒚𝟐 𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎

Sol: √1 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 1 − 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 0

Integrating on both sides

∫ √1 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 1 − 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 =0

{∴∫ √𝑎 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = √𝑎 − 𝑥 + sin ( )}

√1 − 𝑥 + sin (𝑥) + √1 − 𝑥 + sin (𝑦) = 𝒄

∴ x√1 − 𝑥 + sin 𝑥 + y√1 − 𝑥 + sin 𝑦 = 2c

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𝟏 𝒅𝒚
8. Solve 𝐬𝐢𝐧 =𝒙+𝒚
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒚
9. Solve − 𝒙 𝐭𝐚𝐧(𝒙 − 𝒚) = 𝟏
𝒅𝒙
𝒅𝒚
Sol: sin =𝑥 + 𝑦 Sol: put 𝑦 − 𝑥 = 𝑡 ⇨ −1=
𝒅𝒙
The given eq’’n 𝑏𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
⇨ = sin(𝑥 + 𝑦) 1+ − 𝑥 tan 𝑡 = 1
⇨ =𝑥 tan 𝑡
𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑡 ⇨ 1 + =
⇨ = 𝑥. 𝑑𝑥
⇨ = −1 ⇨∫ cot 𝑑𝑡 = ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

⇨ − 1 = sin 𝑡 ⇨log|𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡| = +𝑐

∴log|sin(𝑦 − 𝑥)| = +𝑐
𝒅𝒚
⇨ = 1 + sin 𝑡 10. Solve = 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐 (𝒙 + 𝒚).
𝒅𝒙

⇨∫ 𝑑𝑡 = ∫ 1𝑑𝑥

⇨∫ 𝑑𝑡 = ∫ 1𝑑𝑥

⇨∫ 𝑑𝑡 = ∫ 1𝑑𝑥

⇨∫ − 𝑑𝑡 = ∫ 1𝑑𝑥

⇨∫{𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑡 − sec 𝑡 tan 𝑡} 𝑑𝑡 = ∫ 1𝑑𝑥

∴ tan 𝑡 − sec 𝑡 = 𝑥 + 𝑐

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Homogeneous differential equations ⇨𝑥 =

( , )
To solve the equation = , where 𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦), 𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦)are
( , )
homogeneous functions of the same degree in x and y. ⇨ 𝑑𝑣 =

Put 𝑦 = 𝑣𝑥, 𝑠𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 =𝑣+𝑥

⇨ 𝑑𝑣 =
( )
Substitute the values of y and in the given equation.

Separate the variables v and x. ⇨∫ 𝑑𝑣 + ∫ 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥

( ) ( )

Integrate both sides and add an arbitrary constant on one side.

⇨∫ 𝑑𝑣 + ∫ 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
Separate back the variables 𝑣 = . ( ) ( )

1. Solve (𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 )𝒅𝒚 = 𝟐𝒙𝒚. 𝒅𝒙. ⇨∫ 𝑑𝑣 + ∫ 𝑑𝑣 + ∫ 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥

( ) ( ) ( )

Sol: (𝑥 + 𝑦 )𝑑𝑦 = 2𝑥𝑦. 𝑑𝑥

⇨∫ 𝑑𝑣 + ∫ 𝑑𝑣 + ∫ 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
( ) ( ) ( )
⇨ = ……..(1)
⇨ ∫ 𝑑𝑣 − ∫ 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
( )
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑦 = 𝑣𝑥 ⇨ =𝑣+𝑥
𝒇 (𝒙)
∴∫ 𝒅𝒙 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 |𝒇(𝒙)| + 𝒄.
( ) 𝒇(𝒙)
Eq’n (1)⇨ 𝑣 + 𝑥 =
( )
⇨log|𝑣| − log|1 − 𝑣 | = log 𝑥 + log 𝑐
⇨𝑣+𝑥 = ⇨𝑣+𝑥 = ( )
⇨log = log 𝑥 𝑐

⇨𝑥 = −𝑣
⇨ = 𝑥𝑐 substituting v=y/x

⇨𝑥 = ⇨ = 𝑥𝑐 ⇨ = 𝑥𝑐
( )

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𝒇′(𝒙)
∴ 𝒅𝒙 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 |𝒇(𝒙)| + 𝒄.
𝒇(𝒙)
2. Solve (𝒙𝟐 − 𝒚𝟐 )𝒅𝒙 − 𝒙𝒚. 𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎.
⇨− log|1 − 2𝑣 | = log 𝑥 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑐
Sol: (𝑥 − 𝑦 )𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥𝑦. 𝑑𝑦 = 0
⇨ = …….. ⇨log|1 − 2𝑣 | = −4 log(𝑐𝑥)

𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑠 ℎ𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝐷. 𝐸
⇨log|1 − 2𝑣 | =log(𝑐𝑥)

𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑦 = 𝑣𝑥 ⇨ =𝑣+𝑥 ⇨(1 − 2𝑣 ) = (𝑐𝑥)

( )
Eq’n 1⇨ 𝑣 + 𝑥 = ⇨ 1−2 = ⇨ =
( )

⇨𝑣+𝑥 = ⇨𝑥 (𝑥 − 2𝑦 ) =

⇨𝑣+𝑥 = ( )

⇨𝑣+𝑥 =( )

⇨𝑥 = −𝑣

⇨𝑥 = ⇨𝑥 =

⇨∫ 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥

⇨− ∫ 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥

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𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒚 𝒙 𝒚
3. Solve (𝒙𝟐 − 𝒚𝟐 ) = 𝒙𝒚. 4. 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒆 =
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝒙 𝒚
Sol: (𝑥 − 𝑦 ) = 𝑥𝑦 Sol:
𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑠 ℎ𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝐷. 𝐸
⇨ = …

𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑦 = 𝑣𝑥 ⇨ =𝑣+𝑥 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑦 = 𝑣𝑥 ⇨ =𝑣+𝑥

( )
Eq’n 1⇨ 𝑣 + 𝑥 = Eq’n 1⇨ 𝑣 + 𝑥 =
( ) ( )

( )
⇨𝑣+𝑥 = ⇨𝑣+𝑥 = ( ) ⇨𝑣+𝑥 =
( )

⇨𝑥 = −𝑣 ( )
⇨𝑣+𝑥 =
( )

⇨𝑥 = ( )
⇨𝑥 = −𝑣
( )

⇨𝑥 = ⇨𝑥 =
(
(

⇨ 𝑑𝑣 = (
⇨𝑥 =
(

⇨ ∫( − ) 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
⇨∫ 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
⇨− − log 𝑣 = log 𝑥 + log 𝑐
𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑣 = 𝑦/𝑥 ⇨− ∫
( )
𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
⇨− − log 𝑦/𝑥 = log 𝑥𝑐

⇨− = log 𝑦/𝑥 +log 𝑥𝑐 ⇨ − log|1 − 2𝑣 − 𝑣 | = log 𝑥 + log 𝑐

⇨− = log 𝑐
⇨ log|1 − 2𝑣 − 𝑣 | = −2 log|𝑥𝑐|
⇨−𝑥 = 2𝑦 log 𝑦𝑐
⇨𝑥 + 2𝑦 log 𝑦𝑐 = 0
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⇨ log|1 − 2𝑣 − 𝑣 | = log(𝑐𝑥) ( )
⇨𝑥 = −𝑣
( )

( )
⇨ 1 − 2𝑣 − 𝑣 = (𝑐𝑥) ⇨𝑥 =
( )

( )
⇨1− − = ⇨𝑥 =
( )

⇨ = ⇨∫ 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥

∴ 𝑥 − 2𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦 = ⇨ ∫( )(
𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
)

5. 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒆 (𝟐𝒙−y)𝒅𝒚 = (𝟐𝒚 − 𝒙)𝒅𝒙

⇨∫ ( )
+ 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
( )
𝑠𝑜𝑙: (2𝑥−y)𝑑𝑦 = (2𝑦 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑥
⇨ ∫( )
𝑑𝑣 − 3 ∫ 𝑑𝑣 = 2 ∫ 𝑑𝑥
( )
⇨ =

⇨log(𝑣 − 1) − 3 log(𝑣 + 1) = 2 log 𝑥 + log 𝑐

𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑠 ℎ𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝐷. 𝐸
⇨log(𝑣 − 1) − log(𝑣 + 1) = log 𝑥 𝑐
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑦 = 𝑣𝑥 ⇨ =𝑣+𝑥
( )
⇨ log = log 𝑥 𝑐
( )
Eq’n 1⇨ 𝑣 + 𝑥 =
( )
( )
⇨ = 𝑥 𝑐⇨( − 1) = 𝑥 ( + 1) 𝑐
( )
( )
⇨𝑣+𝑥 =
( )

⇨(𝑦 − 𝑥)= (𝑦 + 𝑥) 𝑐
( )
⇨𝑣+𝑥 =
( )
∴(𝑦 − 𝑥)= (𝑦 + 𝑥) 𝑐

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𝒚
7. Given the solution of 𝒙𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒚𝒅𝒙 − 𝒙𝒅𝒚 Which
𝒚 𝒙
6. 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒆 𝒙𝒅𝒚 = 𝒚 + 𝒙𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝒅𝒙 passes through the point (1, )
𝝅
𝒙
𝟒
Sol: xsin dx = ydx − xdy
Sol: 𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 𝑦 + 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑥
⇨𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 𝑦𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( )𝑑𝑥

= + ⇨ 𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 𝑦 − 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑑𝑥

⇨ = + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 …. ⇨ 𝑑𝑦 = − 𝑑𝑥

𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑠 ℎ𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝐷. 𝐸 ⇨ = − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 … ..

𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑦 = 𝑣𝑥 ⇨ =𝑣+𝑥 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑦 = 𝑣𝑥 ⇨ =𝑣+𝑥 ⇨𝑣+𝑥 = 𝑣 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑣)

Eq’n 1⇨ 𝑣 + 𝑥 = 𝑣 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝑣) ⇨𝑥 = −𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑣) ⇨ ∫ ( )

𝑑𝑣 = − ∫ 𝑑𝑥

⇨𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝑣) ⇨ ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑣 𝑑𝑣 = − ∫ 𝑑𝑥

⇨∫ 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 ⇨ −𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑣 = −𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 + 𝑐 ⇨ − cot = −𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 + 𝑐

( )

⇨ ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 (𝑣 )𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 Through the point (1, )

⇨𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑣 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 + 𝑐 ⇨ − cot = −𝑙𝑜𝑔1 + 𝑐

∴ tan( ) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 + 𝑐 ⇨ −1 = 0 + 𝑐 ⇨ 𝑐 = −1

∴ − cot = −𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 − 1

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𝒅𝒚 𝟐𝒙 𝒚 𝟏
8. 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒆
𝒅𝒙
=
𝒙 𝟐𝒚 𝟑
. (Non - Homogeneous D.E) ⇨1 − = ⇨ =

Sol: = [𝑎 + 𝑏 = 1 − 1 = 0]

𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑛 − ℎ𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝐷. 𝐸 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒(1) ⇨ =

𝑅𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑙𝑦

⇨(𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 3)𝑑𝑦 = (2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 1)𝑑𝑥 ⇨∫ 1𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑣
⇨ (2𝑥 + 1)𝑑𝑥 − (2𝑦 − 3)𝑑𝑦 − 𝑦𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 0
⇨ (2𝑥 + 1)𝑑𝑥 − (2𝑦 − 3)𝑑𝑦 − [𝑦𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑑𝑦] = 0
⇨∫ 1𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑣
⇨ ∫(2𝑥 + 1)𝑑𝑥 − ∫(2𝑦 − 3)𝑑𝑦 − ∫ 𝑑(𝑥𝑦) = ∫ 0

⇨2 +𝑥−2 − 3𝑦 − 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑐 ( )
⇨∫ 1𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑣
∴𝑥 − 𝑦 − 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 𝑐
𝒅𝒚 𝒙 𝒚 𝟑
9. 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒆 = . ( )
𝒅𝒙 𝟐𝒙 𝟐𝒚 𝟓 ⇨∫ 1𝑑𝑥 = ∫ + 𝑑𝑣
Sol: =

= ⇨∫ 1𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 2 + 𝑑𝑣

𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑛 − ℎ𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝐷. 𝐸 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒(2)

= ….. ⇨𝑥 = 2𝑣 + log(𝑣 + 2) + 𝑐
( )

𝑙𝑒𝑡 (𝑥 − 𝑦) = 𝑣 ⇨ 1 − =
⇨ 𝑥 = 2(𝑥 − 𝑦) + log(𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2) + 𝑐
⇨ =1− Now eq’’n 1 becomes

⇨1− = ∴ 𝑥 − 2𝑦 + log(𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2) = 𝑐

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