MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

VIDHYAVARDHINI’S
BHAUSAHEB VARTAK POLYTECHNIC

MICRO PROJECT
Academic year: 2023-24

Title of Micro Project

RUNNING TRAIN

Program/Code: Computer Engineering (CO)

Semester: Third

Course/Code: Computer Graphics (313014)

Name:

Roll No: 1225, 1226, 1227

Enrollment No: 23111000435, 23111000436, 23111000437

Name of Faculty: Mrs. Kumudini Tripathi

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

VIDHYAVARDHINI’S
BHAUSAHEB VARTAK POLYTECHNIC

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify Mr./Ms. ____________________________ Roll no: ________

Enrollment No: _______________ of CO – 3 – I Class of Diploma in Computer
Engineering of institute V. B. V. POLYTECHNIC (Code: 0093) has completed
the micro project satisfactorily in course “Computer Graphics” (Code: 22318)
for the academic year 2023-24 as per prescribed in the curriculum.

Place: Vasai Enrollment No: ________________

Date: _____________ Exam Seat No: _______________

Subject Teacher Head of the Department

Principal

Seal of
Institution

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 ANNEXURE – I

1.1 Aim/Benefits of the Micro-Project: Understand how to create C

program for Running train using Computer Graphics

1.2 Course Outcomes Integrated:

1. Manipulate visual and geometric information of images.
2. Implement standard algorithms to draw various graphics objects using C
program.

1.3 Proposed Methodology:

1. Literature Survey
2. Collect information through different sources
3. Analysis of data 4. Compilation of collected data.

1.4 Action Plan:

Planned Planned
Sr. Name of
Details of the Activity Start Finish
No. Members
Date Date
1. Formation of Group & Topic Selection All members

2. Submission of Proposed Plan All members

3. Preparation of Report All members

4. Final valuation of a working Report All members

5. Presentation of Report All members

6. Submission of Final Report All members

1.5 Resources Required:

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 Sr. Name of
Specification QTY Remarks
No. Resources/Material
Processor: i3
1. Computer 1
RAM: 4.00GB
2. Microsoft Word Word: 2016

3. Printer Hp Laser Jet 1

4. Book/Website name

1.6Name of Team Members

Marks out of 6 Marks out of 4 Total

Sr. Roll
Name of Students for performance for individual Out
No. No.
in group activity performance of 10

1. 1225 Tanishka Pawar

2. 1226 Lizel Rodrigues

3. 1227 Karol Rumao

ANNEXURE – II

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 Final Micro Project Report

Title: Running Train

2.1 Rationale: This course provides an introduction to the principles of computer graphics.
In particular, the course will consider methods for object design, transformation, scan
conversion, visualization and modeling of the real world.

2.2 Aim/Benefits of the Micro-Project:

Understand how to create C program for Running Train using Computer Graphics

2.3 Course Outcomes Integrated:

1. Manipulate visual and geometric information of images.
2. Implement standard algorithms to draw various graphics objects using C program.

2.4 Proposed Methodology:

1. Discussion about topic with guide and among group members
2. Literature Survey
3. Collect information through different sources
4. Compilation of collected data.
5.Editing and Revising Content
6. Report Preparation

2.5 Actual Resources Required:

Sr. Name of
Specification QTY Remarks
No. Resources/Material
Processor: i3
1. Computer 1
RAM: 4.00GB
2. Microsoft Word Word: 2016
3. Printer Hp Laser Jet 1
4. Book/Website name

2.6 Skill Developed/Learning outcomes of this Micro-Project:

The following skills were developed:

1. Teamwork: Learned to work in a team.
2. Problem Solving: Developed good problem-solving habits.
3. Technical Writing: Preparing the report of the proposed plan and the final report

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 ANNEXURE – III
Rubrics for Assessment of
Micro-Project

Title: Running Train

Academic Year: 2024 – 25

Institute Code: 0093

Program: Computer Engineering
Course & Code: Computer Graphics (313014)

Name of Candidate: Tanishka pawar, Lizel Rodrigues, Karol Rumao

Roll No: 1225, 1226, 1227

Semester: Third
Name of Faculty: Mrs. Kumudini Tripathi
Sr. Poor Average Good Excellent
Characteristics to be Assessed
No. (Marks 1-3) (Marks 4-5) (Marks 6-8) (Marks 9-10)

1. Relevance to the course

Literature Survey/Information
2.
Collection

3. Project Proposal

Completion of the Target as per

4.
Project Proposal
Analysis of Data and
5.
Representation
6. Quality of Prototype/Model

7. Report Preparation
8. Presentation
9. Viva
ANNEXURE – IV
Micro-Project Evaluation Sheet
Title: Running Train Academic yea2024-25

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 Program: Computer Engineering Semester: Third
Course & Code: Computer Graphics (Code: 313014)
Name of Candidate:
Roll No: 1225, 1226, 1227
Name of Faculty: Mrs. Kumudini Tripathi
Evaluation as per Suggested Rubric for Assessment of Micro Project:
Sr. Characteristic to be Poor Average Good Excellent Sub
No. assessed (Marks 1-3) (Marks 4-5) (Marks 6-8) (Marks 9-10) Total

(A) Process and product assessment Out Of 6

1 Relevance to the
course
2 Literature Survey .
Information
Collection
3 Completion of the
Target as per project
proposal
4 Analysis of Data and
representation

5 Quality
Prototype/Model/Conte

6 Report Preparation

(B) Individual Presentation/Viva Out of 4

7 Presentation .

8 Viva

Name and designation of the Faculty Member: Mrs. Kumudini Tripathi

Weekly Activity Sheet

Title: Running Train Academic year: 2023-24

Program: Computer Engineering Semester: Third

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Course & Code: Computer Graphics (Code: 313014)
Name of Candidate:

Roll No: 1225, 1226, 1227

Name of Faculty: Mrs. Kumudini Tripathi

SR. NO WEEK ACTIVITY PERFORMED

1. 1st Week Discussion and Finalization of Topic

2. 2nd Week Literature Review

3. 3rd Week Submission of Proposed Plan

4 4th Week Information Collection

5. 5th Week Analysis of Data

6. 6th Week Compilation of content

7. 7th Week Editing and Revising the Content

8. 8th Week Report Preparation

9. 9th Week Report Preparation

10. 10th- 12th Week Presentation

Students Sign:
1225.___________

1226.__________
1227.__________
Dated Signature of Faculty

Acknowledgement

We would like to take this opportunity to acknowledge everyone who has helped us in every
stage of this micro project.

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We are deeply indebted to Mrs. Kumudini Tripathi and Utkarsha Mhatre for their guidance
and suggestions in completing this project. The completion of this project was possible under
their guidance and support. They pushed us to thing imaginatively and urged us to do this
work without hesitation.

We would also like to thank our parents and friends who helped us a lot in finalizing this
project within a limited time frame. We are deeply grateful to everyone who has contribute to
the successful completion of this project.

INDEX

SR. NO. CONTENT PAGE NO.

1. Introduction to Computer Graphics 11

2. Applications 12
3. Advantages/Disadvantages 13
4. Code 14
5. Algorithm 15
6. Flowchart 16
7. Functions Used in Code 17
8. Explanation of Code 18
9. Output of Code 19
10. Conclusion 20
11. References 21

Introduction of Computer Graphics:

Computer graphics refers to the field of visual computing, encompassing the creation,
manipulation, and representation of visual data using computers. It involves the use of
algorithms and software to generate, process, and display images, videos, and animations.
Computer graphics has become an essential part of various industries, including
entertainment, design, engineering, and scientific research.

The key components of computer graphics include:

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1. Rendering: Rendering involves the process of generating an image from a model by
means of computer programs. It includes techniques like rasterization, ray tracing, and global
illumination to create realistic or stylized images.

2. Modeling: Modeling is the process of creating 3D models of objects or scenes. It can

be achieved through various techniques such as polygonal modeling, NURBS (Non-Uniform
Rational Basis Spline) modeling, and procedural modeling.

3. Animation: Animation involves creating a sequence of images or frames to simulate

motion. Techniques such as keyframing, motion capture, and procedural animation are used
to bring objects and characters to life.

4. Image Processing: Image processing techniques are used to manipulate and enhance
digital images. Operations such as filtering, compression, and image analysis are employed to
improve image quality or extract useful information from images.

5. Computer Vision: Computer vision is the field that deals with enabling computers to
gain a high-level understanding from digital images or videos. It involves tasks such as object
recognition, scene reconstruction, and image segmentation.

Applications of computer graphics are vast and diverse, including video games, movies,
virtual reality, augmented reality, simulation, scientific visualization, and data visualization. It
has revolutionized various industries by enabling the creation of immersive and interactive
experiences, aiding in design and prototyping, and facilitating data analysis and
decisionmaking processes.

As technology continues to advance, computer graphics plays a crucial role in pushing the
boundaries of visual communication, enabling the creation of increasingly realistic and
interactive virtual worlds and enhancing the way we perceive and interact with digital
information.

Applications of Computer Graphics:

1. Entertainment Industry: Computer graphics are extensively used in the creation of

video games, animated films, and visual effects in movies. They enable the development of
realistic characters, environments, and special effects, enhancing the overall visual appeal and
storytelling.

2. Design and Engineering: Computer-aided design (CAD) software utilizes computer

graphics to create and visualize 2D and 3D models for architectural designs, product

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prototypes, and engineering simulations. It aids in efficient prototyping, virtual testing, and
streamlined product development processes.

3. Simulation and Training: Computer graphics play a vital role in creating realistic
simulations for training purposes, such as flight simulators, military training, and medical
simulations. They provide a safe and cost-effective environment for trainees to practice
realworld scenarios.

4. Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR): VR and AR applications heavily
rely on computer graphics to create immersive and interactive experiences. They are used in
various fields, including gaming, education, healthcare, and marketing, to provide users with
simulated or enhanced real-world environments.

5. Scientific Visualization: Computer graphics are used to visually represent complex

scientific data and phenomena, aiding researchers in analyzing and interpreting data sets in
fields such as astronomy, geology, biology, and fluid dynamics.

6. Medical Imaging: Computer graphics contribute to the development of medical

imaging technologies, such as MRI and CT scans, enabling the visualization of internal body
structures and aiding in the diagnosis and treatment of various medical conditions.

7. Data Visualization and Infographics: Computer graphics are instrumental in creating

interactive and informative data visualizations, infographics, and dashboards, helping to
present complex data in a comprehensible and visually appealing manner for better
understanding and decision-making.

8. Advertising and Marketing: Computer graphics play a crucial role in creating visually
captivating advertisements, logos, and marketing materials. They are used to develop
engaging visual content for digital and print media to attract and retain consumer attention.

9. Education and Training: Computer graphics facilitate interactive educational

materials, elearning modules, and multimedia presentations, enhancing the learning
experience and making complex concepts more accessible and engaging for students and
trainees.

The applications of computer graphics continue to expand as technology evolves, enabling

the development of innovative solutions across various industries and domains
Advantages of Computer Graphics:

1. Enhanced visual communication.

2. Improved data interpretation.
3. Efficient design and prototyping.
4. Interactive and immersive experiences.
5. Realistic simulation and training.

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6. Enhanced marketing and advertising.
7. Simplified data visualization. 8. Streamlined information presentation.

Disadvantages:

1. High initial setup costs.

2. Complex software requirements.
3. Potential for eye strain and fatigue.
4. Dependence on specialized hardware.
5. Vulnerability to security threats. 6. Limited tactile feedback.

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Algorithm of Code:

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Flowchart:

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Functions used in Code:

1. int gd = DETECT, gm: This initializes the graphics system. `DETECT` is a constant that
allows the graphics system to automatically detect the graphics driver to be used.

2. initgraph (&gd, &gm, "C:\\TurboC3\\BGI"): This function initializes the graphics system.
It takes three arguments: the graphics driver (`&gd`), the graphics mode (`&gm`), and the
path to the BGI directory.

3. xmaxx (): This function returns the maximum x-coordinate value of the current graphics
screen.

4. ymax (): This function returns the maximum y-coordinate value of the current graphics
screen.

5.Cleardevice(): command that initialize the graphics rendering context.

6.line(): a computer must work out which pixels need to be filled so that the line looks
straight. You can try this by colouring in squares on a grid, such as the one below (they are
many times bigger than the pixels on a normal printer or screen).

7.circle():A circle is defined by a centre point, and a radius. Points on a circle are all the radius
distance from the centre of the circle.

8.rectangle(): is used to draw a rectangle. Coordinates of left top and right bottom corner are
required to draw the rectangle. left specifies the X-coordinate of top left corner, top specifies
the Y-coordinate of top left corner, right specifies the X-coordinate of right bottom corner,
bottom specifies the Y-coordinate of right bottom corner.

9.getch (): This function waits for a character input from the keyboard.

10.closegraph (): This function closes the graphics mode and deallocates all memory
allocated by the graphics system.

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Explanation of Code:

The code you provided is a simple graphics program written in C language using the
graphics.h library, which is commonly used for simple graphics programming in the C
environment. This particular program creates a colorful animation of expanding arcs on the
screen. Let's go through the code step by step:

1. The code includes the necessary header files for graphics and input/output operations:
- `graphics.h`: This file contains functions for graphics programming.
- `conio.h`: This file contains console input/output functions. - `stdio.h`: This
file contains standard input/output functions.

2. The `main` function is the starting point of the program.

3. `gd` and `gm` are integer variables used to store the graphics driver and graphics mode.

4. The `initgraph` function initializes the graphics system by detecting the graphics driver and
mode and setting up the screen for drawing.

5.Cleardevice() command that initialize the graphics rendering context.

6.line(): a computer must work out which pixels need to be filled so that the line looks
straight. You can try this by colouring in squares on a grid, such as the one below (they are
many times bigger than the pixels on a normal printer or screen).

7.circle():A circle is defined by a centre point, and a radius. Points on a circle are all the radius
distance from the centre of the circle.

8.rectangle(): is used to draw a rectangle. Coordinates of left top and right bottom corner are
required to draw the rectangle. left specifies the X-coordinate of top left corner, top specifies
the Y-coordinate of top left corner, right specifies the X-coordinate of right bottom corner,
bottom specifies the Y-coordinate of right bottom corner.

9.The `getch` function waits for a key to be pressed before the program terminates.

10.The `closegraph` function closes the graphics mode and releases the memory allocated by
the graphics system.

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Output of Code:

Conclusion:

We are successfully implemented C program to create running train using Computer

Graphics through collaboration and teamwork, we designed algorithm and flowchart,
thoroughly tested it, and analyzed its performance. This project provided a comprehensive
understanding of fundamental concepts in Computer Graphics, including graphic primitives,
algorithms, and rendering techniques. Additionally, the project reinforced the importance of
considering efficiency and optimization in rendering processes for achieving real-time
performance.

Reference:

https://www.geeksforgeek.org.in
https://www.themolt.com

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