Permutation and Combination

1. In how many ways letters of the word ‘ALGEBRA’ can be arranged so that
repeated letter are never together?
2. In how many ways 4 people can take their seats, if chairs are available.
3. How many different numbers of 3 digits can be formed with the digit 1, 2, 3,
4, 5, 6, 7 if the digit are not repeated?
4. How many different numbers between 4000 and 5000 can be formed with
the digit 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7?
5. In how many ways the letters of the word “COCACOLA” be arranged?
6. In how many ways the letters of word “PHARMACY” be arranged?
7. In how many ways the letters of word “COMMISSION” be arranged?
8. In how many ways 6 people take their seats for dinner in a round table?
9. In how many ways 10 flowers be arranged in garland?
10. Find the number of permutation of five different objects taken three at a
time?
11. If three persons enter a bus in which there are ten vacant seats, find in how
many ways they can sit.
12. In how many ways can 6 beads be strung on necklace?
13. In how many ways can four boys and three girls be seated in a row
containing seven seats?
a) If they may sit anywhere
b) if the boys and girls must alternate
c) if all three girls are together?
14. By using the letters of the word ‘RAINBOW’, find:
a) the total number of words.
b) How may words begin with R?
c) How many words begin with R and end at W?
d) How many words begin with R but don’t end at W?
e) In how many words vowel occupy the odd places?
15. By using the letters of the word ‘RAINBOW’, find:
a) how many words start and end at consonants?
b) In how many words vowels and consonants appear alternately?
c) In how many words relative positions of vowels and consonants remain
same?
d) In how many words vowels always come together?
e) In how many words vowels never come together?
f) In how many words no two vowels come together?
16. By using the letters of the word ‘ENGAGEMENT’, find:
a) the total number of words.
b) How may words begin with M?
c) How many words begin with E and end at T?

1
 d) How many words begin with E but don’t end at T?
e) In how many words vowel occupy the odd places?
17. By using the letters of the word ‘ENGAGEMENT’, find:
a) in how many words vowels and consonants appear alternately?
b) In how many words relative positions of vowels and consonants remain
same?
c) In how many words vowels always come together?
e) In how many words vowels never come together?
f) In how many words no two vowels come together?
18. By using the letters of the word ‘APPALAMA’, find:
a) number of the words in which vowels always come together?
b) Number of the words in which vowels never come together?
c) Number of the words in which no two vowels come together?
d) Number of the words in which two consonants come together?
e) Number of words in which 2P’s never come together?
19. Prove that the number of ways of arranging n distinct objects taken r at a
𝑛!
time is given by nPr = (𝑛−𝑟)!.

Combination

1. How many committee of 6 members can be formed from a group 15 people?

2. In an examination paper, there are 10 questions. In how many ways a student choose
8 questions in all?
3. In a class of 15 boys and 10 girls, in how many ways a committee of 7 members is
formed which include 4 boys and 3 girls?
4. A person has 12 friends out of 8 relatives. In how many ways he invites 7 friends
dinner so that 5 of them are relatives?
5. In how many ways a football team of 11 players be selected from 15 players if one
particular player is always selected?
6. In how many ways a student be fail in exam, if he/she gave exam of 5 subjects?
7. A committee of 5 members is to formed out of 6 teachers and 8 students. In how
many ways this can be done when at least two teachers are included?
8. Form a group of 6 males and 5 females, in how many ways a committee of 6 member
is formed when at most two females are included?
Binomial Theorem

1. (a) State binomial expansion.

(b) Find the sum of n binomial coefficient in the expansion of (1 + 𝑥 )𝑛 when 𝑥 = 1.
8 8
(c) (−𝑥 + 𝑥) is a binomial expansion.
(i) What is the middle term of the above expansion?
(ii) Which of the terms is free from x?

2
2. The binomial expression for two algebraic terms a and x is given as (𝑎 + 𝑥 )𝑛
(a) Write the binomial theorem for any positive integer n in expansion form. (b) Write
the general term of the expansion.
(c) Write the middle term for (𝑛 − 2) even number.
(d) Write the single term for C (n, r) + C (n, r – 1).
(e) How many terms are there in the expression?

3. Define the general term of the binomial expansion of (𝑎 + 𝑥 )𝑛 . In the expansion of

(1 + 𝑥 )𝑛 , prove that the sum of the coefficients of even terms is equal to the sum of the
coefficients of odd terms and each is equal to 2𝑛−1 .

4. If 𝐶0 , 𝐶1 , 𝐶2 , … , 𝐶𝑛 are binomial coefficients in the expansion of (1 + 𝑥 )𝑛 , prove that 𝐶0 +

4𝐶1 + 7𝐶2 + 10𝐶3 + ⋯ + (3𝑛 + 1)𝐶𝑛 = (3𝑛 + 2)2𝑛−1 .
1.3.5…(2𝑛−1)
5. Show that the middle term in the expansion of (1 + 𝑥 )2𝑛 is 2𝑛 𝑥 𝑛 . 𝑛!
1 2𝑛 1.3.5…(2𝑛−1)
6. Show that the middle term in the expansion of (1 − 𝑥) is (−2)𝑛 .
𝑛!
7. If (1 + 𝑥 )𝑛 = 𝐶0 + 𝐶1 𝑥 + 𝐶2 𝑥 2 + ⋯ + 𝐶𝑛 𝑥 𝑛 , then prove that:
𝐶1 2𝐶2 3𝐶3 𝑛𝐶𝑛 𝑛(𝑛+1)
+ + + ⋯+ 𝐶 = .
𝐶0 𝐶1 𝐶2 𝑛−1 2
8. Prove that: 𝐶1 − 2𝐶2 + 3𝐶3 − 4𝐶4 + ⋯ + 𝑛(−1)𝑛−1 𝐶𝑛 = 0, where 𝐶0 , 𝐶1 , 𝐶2 , … , 𝐶𝑛 are the
binomial coefficients.
9. State binomial theorem. If (1 + 𝑥 )𝑛 = 𝐶0 + 𝐶1 𝑥 + 𝐶2 𝑥 2 + ⋯ + 𝐶𝑛 𝑥 𝑛 , then prove that:
(2𝑛)
𝐶0 𝐶𝑛 + 𝐶1 𝐶𝑛−1 + ⋯ + 𝐶𝑛 𝐶0 = 𝑛! 𝑛! .
10. If the three consecutive coefficients in the expansion of (1 + 𝑥 )𝑛 be 165, 330, 462; find n.
11. If the three consecutive coefficients in the expansion of (1 + 𝑥 )𝑛 be 28, 56, 70; find n.
1 18
12. Find the middle term in the expansion of (𝑥 + 𝑥) .
9
3𝑥 2 1
13. Find the term free from 𝑥 in the expansion of ( + 3𝑥) .
2
1 7
5
14. Find the coefficient of 𝑥 in the expansion of (𝑥 + 2𝑥) .

Application of Binomial Theorem

1 1 1 1
1. Prove that: + 2.5 + 3.7 + 4.9 + ⋯ = 2(1 − log e 2).
1.3
𝑥 𝑥2 𝑥3 𝑥4 𝑦2 𝑦3 𝑦4
2. If 𝑦 = 1! − + − + ⋯, show that 𝑥 = 𝑦 + + + + ⋯.
2! 3! 4! 2 3 4
1 1+2 1+2+3 𝑒
3. Prove that: 2! + + +⋯=2.
3! 4!
𝑛2
4. Show that: ∑∞
𝑛=1 (𝑛+1)! = 𝑒 − 1.

3
 1+3 1+3+5 1+3+5+7 3𝑒
5. Show that: 1 + + + …= .
2! 3! 4! 2
6. Sum to infinity the series.
1 1 1 1
(1 + + + ⋯ ) (1 − + + ⋯) −⋯
1.2 1.2.3 1.2 1.2.3
7. Prove that:
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
(3 − 2) + 2 (32 + 22 ) + 2 (33 − 23 ) + ⋯ to ∞ = 0.
1 1 1 1
8. Prove that: log e 2 = + 2.22 + 3.23 + 4.24 + ⋯
1.2
2 4 6 1
9. Prove that: 3! + 5! + 7! + ⋯ to ∞ = 𝑒.
1 1.3 1.3.5 1.3.5.7
10. Show that: 1 + 4 + 4.8 + 4.8.12 + 4.8.12.36 + ⋯ = √2.
1 1.3 1.3.5 2
11. Show that: 1 − 4 + 4.8 − 4.8.12 + ⋯ = √3 .

Complex Numbers

1. Write any three properties of cube root of unity. Prove any one of them. Using the
properties prove that: (1 − 𝜔)(1 − 𝜔2 )(1 − 𝜔4 )(1 − 𝜔8 ) = 9.
1+3𝑖
2. Consider a complex number 1−2𝑖 .
a) Express the complex number in the form of 𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏.
b) Find the modulus and principle argument of complex number.
c) Find the square roots of the complex number using De’moivres theorem.
3. Using De’moivres theorem find the cube root of unity. If 𝛼 and 𝛽 are complex cube
roots of unity then show that 𝛼 4 + 𝛽 4 + 𝛼 −1 𝛽 −1 = 0.
4. State De’moivres theorem. Write the Euler’s formula representing the complex
number cos 𝜃 + 𝑖 sin 𝜃. Using De’moivres theorem find the square root of −1 + 𝑖√3.
5. State and prove De’moivres theorem for any positive index n. Is the theorem true for
integers? Justify your answer.
7
1 √3
6. Using De’moivres theorem, find the value of (2 + 𝑖 ) .
2
7. State De’moivres theorem. Use it to find the values of (1 + 𝑖 )20 .
8. Using De’moivres theorem, find the fourth root of unity.
9. State De’moivres theorem. Apply it to compute the 4𝑡ℎ roots of −1.
1 1
10. If 𝛼 = 2 (−1 + √−3), β = 2 (−1 − √−3), show that 𝛼 4 + 𝛼 2 𝛽 2 + 𝛽 4 = 0.
1 9
11. Express the complex number (1 − 𝑖 )9 (1 − 𝑖 3 ) in the standard form 𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏.
12. If 𝑥 = 𝑎 + 𝑏, 𝑦 = 𝑎𝜔 + 𝑏𝜔2 and 𝑧 = 𝑎𝜔2 + 𝑏𝜔, show that: 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 0.
13. If 𝜔 is a complex cube root of unity, show that:
(1 − 𝜔 + 𝜔2 )4 . (1 + 𝜔 − 𝜔2 )4 = 256.
14. State De’moivres theorem. Using De’moivres theorem, find the cube roots of unity.
−1+√3 𝑖 −1−√3 𝑖
If 𝜔 = be a complex cube root of unity, show that: 𝜔2 = .
2 2

4
 Vectors

𝑎 = (1, 0, −2 ) and ⃗⃗⃗⃗

1. Find the unit vector perpendicular to each of the vectors ⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑏 =
(2, 0, −1 )
2. Define vector product of two vectors. Interpret the vector product of two vectors
geometrically.
sin 𝐴 sin 𝐵 sin 𝐶
3. Using vector method, prove that = = in any ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶.
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
4. Prove vectorically that sin(𝐴 + 𝐵) = sin 𝐴 cos 𝐵 + cos 𝐴 sin 𝐵.
5. Prove vectorically that sin(𝐴 − 𝐵) = sin 𝐴 cos 𝐵 − cos 𝐴 sin 𝐵.
6. Define vector product of two vectors. Also determine the expression for sin 𝜃.
7. State and prove the sine law by the vector method.
8. Find the area of the parallelogram determine the vectors ⃗⃗𝑖 + 2⃗⃗⃗𝑗 + 3⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑘 and −3⃗⃗⃗𝑖 −
⃗⃗⃗𝑗 + ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑘.
9. Show that the area of triangle PQR whose vertices 𝑃(1, 2, 3), 𝑄 (3, 4, 5) and
𝑅(1, 4, 7) is 2√6 sq. units.
𝑎 × ⃗⃗⃗⃗
10. Show that ⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑏 ≠ ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑏 × ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑎 and ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎 where ⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑏 any two non -zero vectors.
𝑎 = ⃗⃗𝑖 + 2⃗⃗⃗𝑗 + 3⃗⃗⃗⃗
11. Find the area of triangle whose adjacent sides are represented by ⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑘
and ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑏 = −3⃗⃗⃗𝑖 − ⃗⃗⃗𝑗 + ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑘.
12. Find the area of the parallelogram whose diagonals are represented by determine the
𝑎 = ⃗⃗𝑖 + 2⃗⃗⃗𝑗 + 3⃗⃗⃗⃗
vectors ⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑘 and ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑏 = −3⃗⃗𝑖 − 2⃗⃗⃗𝑗 + ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑘.
1
𝑎 and ⃗⃗⃗⃗
13. Prove that the area of parallelogram with the diagonals ⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑎 × ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑏 is 2 |⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑏 |.
𝑎 = 6⃗⃗𝑖 + 3⃗⃗⃗𝑗 − 5⃗⃗⃗⃗
14. If ⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑘 and ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑏 = ⃗⃗𝑖 − 4⃗⃗⃗𝑗 + 2⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑎 × ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑘 , show that ⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑏 is perpendicular
to ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎.

1. or the two lines to be perpendicular and parallel to each other.

2. Find the angle between two straight lines whose direction ratios are given by 𝑎1 ,
𝑏1 , 𝑐1 and 𝑎2 , 𝑏2 , 𝑐2 . Also, find the condition for the two lines to be perpendicular
and parallel to each other.
1
3. Show that the angle between two diagonals of a cube is cos −1 (3).

Derivative

1. Find the equation of tangent to the curve 𝑦 = 2𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 2 + 8 at (2, 4).

5
2. Find the equation of normal to the curve 𝑦 = 2𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 2 + 8 at (2, 4).
3. Find the points on the curve 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 36 at which the tangents are parallel to the
𝑦 − axis.
4. Find the points on the curve 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 16 at which the tangents are parallel to the
𝑥 − axis.
5. Find the points on the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 1 at where the tangent is parallel to the
𝑥 − axis.
6. Find the slope and inclination with the 𝑥 − axis of the tangent of 𝑦 = −3𝑥 − 𝑥 4 at
𝑥 = −1.
7. Find the angle of intersection between the curves 𝑦 2 = 𝑥 3 and 𝑦 = 2𝑥 at the point
(0, 0).
8. Find the angle of intersection between the curves 4𝑦 = 𝑥 4 + 12 and 𝑦 2 = 8𝑥 at
(2, 4).
9. Find the point on the curve 4𝑦 = 𝑥 2 where the tangent drawn makes an angle 45°
with the 𝑥 − axis.
10. At what angle does the curve 𝑦(1 + 𝑥 ) = 𝑥 cut the 𝑥 − axis?
11. Find the point on the curve 𝑦 = 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 5, where the tangent is perpendicular
to the line 5𝑦 − 𝑥 = 10.
12. Find the point on the curve 𝑥 2 = 3𝑦 + 1, at which the tangent is parallel to the line
4𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 5 = 0.
13. If 𝑦 = 3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1, find the value of 𝑑𝑦 when 𝑥 = 2 and Δ𝑥 = 0.01.
14. Find the exact change in 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 when 𝑥 changes from 10 to 10.1.
3
15. Using differential to estimate (a) √1.04 (b) √36.6 (c) √26 (d) (0.009)1/3
16. Find the approximate increased from 5 cm to 5.1 cm, find the approximate increase
in area.
17. Find the approximate increase in the volume of sphere when its radius increase
from 4 cm to 4.02 cm. Also find the percentage error in the estimate.
18. A circular copper plate is heated so that its radius increases from 10 cm to 10.06
cms. Find the approximate increase in area and also the actual increase in area.
tan 𝑥−𝑥
19. Using L’ Hospital’ rule, evaluate: lim
𝑥⟶0 𝑥−sin 𝑥
𝑥 2 −sin2 𝑥
20. Using L’ Hospital’ rule, evaluate: lim
𝑥⟶0 𝑥2
ln(tan 𝑥)
21. Using L’ Hospital’ rule, evaluate: lim
𝑥⟶0 ln 𝑥
𝑥−𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 cos 𝑥
22. Using L’ Hospital’ rule, evaluate: lim
𝑥⟶0 𝑥3
𝑥𝑒 𝑥 −log(1+𝑥)
23. Using L’ Hospital’ rule, evaluate: lim
𝑥⟶0 1+𝑥
𝑒 𝑥 −𝑥−1
24. Using L’ Hospital’ rule, evaluate: lim
𝑥⟶0 𝑥2

6
 𝑒 𝑥 +𝑒 −𝑥 −2 cos 𝑥
25. Using L’ Hospital’ rule, evaluate: lim
𝑥⟶0 sin2 𝑥
𝑥−sin 𝑥
26. Using L’ Hospital’ rule, evaluate: lim
𝑥⟶0 𝑥3
(𝑒 𝑥 −1) tan 𝑥
27. Using L’ Hospital’ rule, evaluate: lim
𝑥⟶0 𝑥2
𝑥4
28. Using L’ Hospital’ rule, evaluate: lim
𝑥⟶∞ 𝑒 𝑥
𝑒𝑥
29. Using L’ Hospital’ rule, evaluate: lim
𝑥⟶∞ 𝑥 5