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Lecture 11 - Resistance and Resistivity

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Mary Grace Sunio
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22 views

Lecture 11 - Resistance and Resistivity

Uploaded by

Mary Grace Sunio
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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RESISTANCE

AND
RESISTIVITY
RESISTANCE
 A measure of the opposition to current
flow in an electrical circuit.
 Its unit of measure is Ohms written in the
Greek letter Omega  (Ω)
 Ohms are named after the scientist
named Georg Simon Ohm. He also
formulated the famous Ohm’s Law.
RESISTANCE OF A MATERIAL
BY OHM’S LAW
 The amount of current flowing in a
conductor is directly proportional to the
voltage applied to the element and
inversely proportional to the resistance of
the element.
RESISTANCE OF A MATERIAL
BY OHM’S LAW
 Mathematically Ohm’s Law is written as:
𝑉
𝐼=
𝑅
Where:
I  Current (measured in Amperes [A])
V  Voltage ( measure in Volts [V])
R  Resistance (measured in Ohms [Ω])
INNATE RESISTANCE OF A
MATERIAL
 A internal or innate resistance of a material
depends on three factors:
◦ Resistivity (ρ) of the material  the property that
describes the extent to which the material opposes
the flow of electric current through it.
◦ Length of the material
◦ Cross – Sectional Area of the material
INNATE RESISTANCE OF A
MATERIAL
 Mathematically the resistance of the material
𝐿
𝑅= 𝜌
𝐴
Where:
R  Resistance (measured in Ohms [Ω])
ρ  Resistivity (measured in Ohm meter [Ω-m])
L  Length (measured in meters [m])
A  Cross-sectional Area (measured in meter squared [m2]
CONDUCTIVITY
 It can be defined as a measure of electrical
conduction, and it shows the ability of a
material to pass a current.
 Simplified definition of such property is
just that it acts as the inverse of resistivity.
CONDUCTIVITY
 Mathematically:
1
𝜎=
𝜌
Common resistivity(ρ) values from common
materials:
Material Value
Silver (Ag) 1.59x10-8 Ω-m
Copper (Cu) 1.68x10-8 Ω-m
Iron (Fe) 9.71x10-8 Ω-m
TEMPERATURE EFFECT ON
RESISTANCE
 The material length may change due to
temperature change thus changing the
resistance of the material
 At higher temperatures, a conductor will
increase its resistance.
 At lower temperatures, a insulator will increase
its resistance.
TEMPERATURE EFFECT ON
RESISTANCE
 Mathematically written as:
𝑅𝑓 = 𝑅𝑜 [1 + 𝛼∆𝑇]
Where:
Rf  Final Resistance (measured in Ohms[Ω])
Ro  Original Resistance (measured in Ohms[Ω])
α  Temperature Coefficient of Resistance (measured in per
Celsius[/°C])
∆T  Change in Temperature (measure in Celsius[°C])
TEMPERATURE EFFECT ON
RESISTANCE
Common temperature coefficient(α) values from common
materials:

Material Value
Silver (Ag) 3.819x10-3
Copper (Cu) 4.041x10-3
Iron (Fe) 5.671x10-3
Gold (Au) 3.715 x10-3

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