Reviewers in COMPUTER 9 4th quarterly EXAM
Lesson 1: Basic Programming Concept Then converts the result back into a decimal number
format
What is a computer program? 2.) File Compression and Decompression – Compression
- It is a series of instructions written to perform or algorithms use binary to represent data in more
specified task on a computer compact formats. This transformation reduces the
- A computer needs a program to work. This program storage space, enabling more efficient data
has an executable form that the computer can use management
directly to perform instructions. 3.) Security – Cryptographic algorithms employ binary
- A programmer is a person who writes, develops, and code to carry out operations like encryption and
debugs computer program. decryption.
Programming 4.) Digital Check – Digital clocks can use binary settings
- It is the art and science of creating a programs to control LED lights and keep stack of time. Separate
- It is the process done by the programmers to instruct binary counters add seconds, minutes, and hours to
a computer on how to do a task ensure the clock displays the correct time.
- It is the process of planning and designing solutions 5.) Media Processing – During audio or video
for a particular problem and then writing the code processing, streams of binary data make up the media
using a programming language files.
Classification of Programming Language 2. Assembly Language
1. Machine Language - This is more advance that the machine language
- This is the only language that a computer can - It uses mnemonics in place of 0s and 1s to simplify the
understand. programmer’s way of creating programs
- The machine language is difficult to understand - Mnemonics – are memory aids. Instead of using
because it only understands the binary system, which numbers, programmers began using English-like
uses two numbers, 0s and 1s, known as the machine abbreviation such as mov for move, mul for multiply
code. operation, add for addition operations, etc.
- Machine language 101100001 – Assembly language
Binary Digit – (bit) is the minimum unit of binary Mov al.
information stored in a computer system. Bit can only - Although assembly language is easier to understand, it
have two states, on or off. Which are commonly is incomprehensible to computers. It requires another
represented as ones and zeroes. program called assembler, which translated assembly
- Binary code is the most basic form of computer code, language statements into the target computer’s
consisting of two numbers: 0 and 1. These numbers machine code.
form the basic layer of all computing systems and are
the primary language of digital technologies. Binary 3. High Level Language
code use combinations of these two numbers to - Programming in machine and assembly languages are
represent numbers, letters, or other types of info. too tedious and require highly trained programmers. It
- One binary digit is called a bit, two digits are called a is necessary for both language to have numerous
crumb, four digits are called a nibble, and eight digits instructions to accomplish even the simple task
are called a byte. - To speed up the programming process, high-level
languages are developed. High level languages allowed
5 examples of how computers use binary code for programmer to use English commands to carry out
operations: instructions. Ex: Basic, Cobol, Pascal, Fortran, etc.
1.) Calculations – when a sum is calculated, the - These languages require separate programs like an
calculator transforms the numbers into binary and assembler to translate instructions to machine code.
- Interpreter – translate high-level instructions into
machine code, line by line as the program is running
- COMPILER – translate the entire program into
machine code before running the program
- Most of the languages are procedure-oriented.
PROCEDURE-ORIENTED means that the instructions
must be properly sequenced in order for the computer
to process the task correctly.
II. Computation (Binary Code)
