PROJECT REPORT

“BI-DIRECTIONAL VISITOR COUNTER WITH APPLIANCE CONTROL”

REPORT SUBMITTED FOR THE PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE

REQUIREMENT FOR THE THREE-YEAR DIPLOMA IN
“BRANCH NAME”

SUBMITTED TO
“COLLEGE NAME”
CITY

SUBMITTED BY:
STUDENT NAME

(College Enrolment Number- )

2020-2023

Under the Guidance of

ER. PRATEEK MISHRA

Consultant
SOFTPRO INDIA COMPUTER TECHNOLOGIES (P) LTD.
 SOFTPRO INDIA
COMPUTER TECHNOLOGIES PVT.LTD.
(AN ISO 9001:2015 CERTIFIED COMPANY)

SPI/VT/2022/…...

CERTIFICATE OF COMPLETION
This is to certify that Mr. /Ms. Student Name of Diploma (Branch Name) from College Name was
working on the project entitled “Project Title” in Softpro India Computer Technologies (P) Ltd.
She/he was engaged with us for training during July 2023 to August 2023 for one & a half month.

He/She has done an excellent job during his/her engagement with the Software Development &
Testing Division of the company. She/he has completed his/her project during the training tenure.
His/Her performance has been good and satisfactory.

I would like to take this opportunity to express my appreciation to Mr./Ms. Student Name for his/her
work and wish him/her all the very best for his/her future endeavours.

Regards,

Ms. Yashi Asthana

C.E.O
Softpro India Computer Technologies (P) Ltd.
Lucknow (U.P.)
 DECLARATION

I, <student name>, hereby, declare that the Project Report submitted to <College Name> for
the award of three-year Diploma in <Branch Name> was done under the guidance of Prateek
Mishra, Trainer and Project Manager, Softpro India Computer Technologies (P) Ltd.
I also declare the information in the report is correct as per my knowledge and I bear any
responsibilities for any error or omission, if any. The matter embodied in this project work
has not been submitted earlier for award of any degree or diploma to the best of my
knowledge and belief.

Student Name

Date: 31/08/2023
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am thankful and would like to express my gratitude to all those who have helped in in
making my efforts a success and who gave me the possibility to complete this report.
My special thanks is due to our college’s electrical/electronic engineering Head of
department (H.O.D) Mr/Mrs. NAME, whose help, guidance and simulating support took us
to the completion of this training.
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my trainer and mentor <Trainer Name>,
Senior Consultant– Electronics Department (Softpro India Computer Technologies (P)
Ltd.), who gave me his full support and encouraged me to work in an innovative and
challenging project for Educational field. I also sincerely thanks for the time spent in
proofreading, error corrections and helping my mistakes fixed. The knowledge and guidance
we received were extremely helpful in completion of my training.
I would also like to acknowledge with much appreciation the crucial role of the staff
members in the training department who gave us access and full support to use the lab
equipment, machines and systems to build the project.
I extend my thanks to every member of Softpro India Computer Technologies (P) Ltd. for
their support and co-operation.

Student Name
 INDEX

S.No. Topic Page No.

1 About Organisation
2 About This Training
3 Abstract
4 Project Introduction
5 Advantages & Use
6 Components & Requirements
6.1 Components used
6.2 Software used
6.3 Tools and instruments used
-Soldering Tools
-Hardware Tools
-Other Tools
6.4 Components Cost & Quantity
6.5 About Components & Working
7 Description
7.1 Project Objectives
7.2 Block Diagram
7.3 Project Working & Explanation
8 Implementation
8.1 Procedure
8.2 Project Testing & Demonstration
8.3 Precautions
9 Use & Future Scope
9.1 Present Use
9.2 Future Scope
10 Conclusion
 BI-DIRECTIONAL VISITOR COUNTER

1. ABOUT THE ORGANISATION

Softpro India Computer Technologies (P) Ltd. is a leading IT firm and the software development
division of Softpro Group of Companies with its headquarter located in the capital city of Uttar
Pradesh, Lucknow. Technocrats from IIT-Kanpur and IET Lucknow established Softpro India in
2004. Softpro Group of Companies is a cluster of companies working in multiple domains like
Software Development, IT Trainings, Research and Designing.

The Founder and Managing Director of Softpro Group of Companies is Er. Ajay Chaudhary
with over 25 years of experience. Softpro India is the fastest growing IT company with the
largest learning center of the region with 15+ years experienced consultants and industry experts.

Softpro Group of Companies compromises of Softpro India Computer Technologies (Software

Development division), Softpro Learning Center (Training & Internship division – 2008),
Softpro Innovations (Research &Development division – 2014) and Softpro Foods (Agro
Production division – 2018). Softpro India has global presence with its Head Office and Training
Center located in Lucknow, International Unit Office – Softpro Technologies, located in
Malawi, Africa and Virtual Office located in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Softpro India has
successfully delivered Government Projects like the visionary project of Government of Uttar
Pradesh – URISE.

Softpro India also has signed MoU with Department of Technical Education, Government of
Uttar Pradesh making it the authorised Training & Development partners to impart and
technically upskill all the engineering students of polytechnics (government, private & aided)
across Uttar Pradesh.

Softpro India’s recent achievements include the MoU signing with Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
Technical University, Uttar Pradesh. Technologies are transcending boundaries and their
volatility is putting stringent demands on the time and mind-space of techno-professionals. At
SPG, we update ourselves with technologies even before they become norms and master them
long before they become redundant. That's why we are on the roster of clients from across the
continents.

Project Report www.trainingatsoftpro.com Page |6

 BI-DIRECTIONAL VISITOR COUNTER

Softpro India offers training for all the ranches of engineering (Computer Science, Information
Technology, Electronics, Electrical, Civil, and Mechanical Engineering) for updated and
trending technologies.

In the Training and Development field, Softpro India is famous with the quote

“BRIDGING THE TECHNOLOGY GAP”

Softpro India also has several online and offline training options like Summer Training,
Industrial Training, Vocational Training, Apprenticeship Program, Employment Training
Program and Online Courses. The learning material and other resources are available on Softpro
India’s Learning Management System (LMS) – “Polyprep – Knowledge @ Your Doorstep” and
mobile application – “e-Study Zone”.

The Softpro Team have engineered Softpro India to be at the very forefront in Web based
technology. Our core competencies span a spectrum of web-intensive services that range from
website designing to robust backend management.

Project Report www.trainingatsoftpro.com Page |7

 BI-DIRECTIONAL VISITOR COUNTER

Softpro Innovations is a Revolutionary Sector and the Part of the Organization that specializes
in implementing the Engineering Ideas into Existence. The Sector focuses on Research and
Development of Technologies including Internet of Things (IoT), Robotics, Machine Learning,
Advanced Embedded Systems etc., to maintain the standards of Industry and to support
emerging engineering graduates and the IT Sector.

Softpro Innovations targets on providing solutions for various industries. The company has
developed innovative products that have transformed the way businesses operate and has helped
them achieve their goals.

Softpro Innovations' IoT solutions have helped businesses monitor and manage their assets, track
inventory, and improve their supply chain operations. For example, the company's IoT platform
can be used to track the location and temperature of perishable goods during transportation. This
helps businesses ensure that their products are delivered in the best possible condition, reducing
wastage and improving customer satisfaction.

In addition to IoT solutions, Softpro Innovations also develops advanced robotic technologies
that are transforming various industries and also supports Engineering students in Hardware
Equipped training on such advanced Topics and development under the guidance of Industry
Experts.

One of the most impressive products developed by Softpro Innovations are their Smart Library
Managemement Systems, this technological solution streamlines and automates various library
functions. This system uses technologies such as RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) and IoT
(Internet of Things) to manage library resources, track inventory, and enhance the overall library
experience for students affiliated to particular Universities.

Another Innovative Project Developed are Smart E- Vehicle Models with Live Tracking,
Monitoring & Predictive Maintenance Technology. The Projects are equipped with advanced
sensors and machine learning algorithms that allow them to navigate complex environments and
perform tasks autonomously.

Softpro Innovations is a company that is pushing the boundaries of IoT, Robotics & Engineering
Technologies. The solutions are transforming the way businesses operate, and their commitment
to developing cutting-edge technologies to develop the need of the future and to Empower the
Engineers of Today by setting the standard for the industry.
This Project is also powered by SoftPro Innovations which helped in Guidance, Development
and in Providing the important resource which were beneficial and vital to build and make this

Project Report www.trainingatsoftpro.com Page |8

 BI-DIRECTIONAL VISITOR COUNTER

project a working model.

2. SUMMER TRAINING

Summer training is an important part of the engineering curriculum. The Diploma course
summer training helps a student in being acquainted with the manner in which his/her knowledge
is being practically used outside his/her institute and this is normally different from what he/she
has learnt from books. Hence, when the student switches from the process of learning to that of
implementing his/her knowledge, he/she finds an abrupt change. This is exactly why summer
training session during the B.E curriculum becomes all the more important. Summer training is
prescribed for the student of Technical College as a part of the four-year degree course of
engineering by the AICTE. We are required to undergo summer training for a period of 45 days
after the completion of the 2nd year.
Summer Training allows industry exposure and understanding the working environment. It is
essential and helps to attain in-depth knowledge of the engineering stream. It enhances
professional skills in a real-time environment. It helps us understand the area of interest and
selection of an area of specialization.
It also allows students to learn the basics of how to work as a team member to complete given
tasks. It improves awareness of the industrial environment and work culture of the specific
industry. It gives real-time work and workshop projects help to learn more analytically. It allows
interaction with experts help to solve queries with practical exposure. The Certificate obtained
from reputed organization give weightage to resume or CV.

Project Report www.trainingatsoftpro.com Page |9

 BI-DIRECTIONAL VISITOR COUNTER

1. Objective

The objective of this project is to build a model to count the number of

persons visiting a particular room/area/premise and accordingly light up
the room. An IR sensor is used for detecting the presence with a
microcontroller calculating and recording the count of the total number
of visitors entered or made an exit.

This Arduino Bidirectional Visitor Counter Project can be used to count the number of
persons entering a hall, Shopping mall, office, functions in the entrance gate. It can
also be used at gates of parking areas and other public places.

Project Report www.trainingatsoftpro.com P a g e | 10

 BI-DIRECTIONAL VISITOR COUNTER
2. Advantages & Use:
The Project can be useful in following sectors-

It can be used in mostly all the areas for crowd management and where there is requirement of
security, maintenance and proper arrangement of services for public-

The Sectors can be -

● Shopping Malls

● Smart Railways

● Airports, Bus Stations

● Hospitals

● Police Stations

● Historic & Religious Places, Sites, and many more such places where there are numbers of
people who make regular visits.

The project is also a very easy and simple module to be installed or setup and can be made or
installed quickly, the module only requires IR Sensor and the Controller to work and has a display to
represent the amount of visitors.

3. Hardware & Requirements

“It is advised to go through the working of all the components, hardware and tools used in the project
and the basic knowledge of electronics is required during construction of this Project.”

3.1 The hardware used are-

● Arduino - It is the main processing unit of the project. It controls output devices, it also
reads input from RFID reader. Arduino sends various messages to the LCD display.

● IR Sensor - It detects the Objects and Humans and sends input signals to the arduino.

● LCD Display - 16 by 2 Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) is used in this project. It displays on
2 lines each containing 16 characters.

● I2C - Used for connecting LCD displays with MCU.

Project Report www.trainingatsoftpro.com P a g e | 11

 BI-DIRECTIONAL VISITOR COUNTER

● 2 Channel SPDT Relay module - Used to control AC Appliances using Arduino.

● Buzzer - We have used a piezoelectric buzzer. This is a warning/indication that an

invalid attempt is made to gain access to the system.

● Connecting wires - For making all the connections.

● PCB – A Printed Circuit Board is required for placing all components and making the actual
working circuit for the street light system, for temporary circuits a breadboard can also be
used. In this project we are using zero pcb board.

● Clipper and T-blocks (Screw-Terminal Blocks) are used for connecting wires with
components and PCB.

● A Breadboard can be used for testing the circuit first.

3.2 The Software used are -

● Arduino IDE for Programming

● Proteus for Simulation

3.3 The Tools used in the project are-

Soldering

● Soldering Iron- To solder all the components, wired and building circuits on PCB.

● Soldering Core/wire, Soldering paste will be required during soldering.

Hardware

● Wire Cutter for peeling, cutting and adjusting wires according to size & requirement

● Drill for drilling holes if using PCB etc.

● Glue gun, Screws and Nuts for fixing street light and setup

Project Report www.trainingatsoftpro.com P a g e | 12

 BI-DIRECTIONAL VISITOR COUNTER
● Optional tools, which you may require- Wire tape, tweezers, screwdriver etc.

Other Tools

● Multimeter for calculations and measurement of Voltage and current value.

● Project base and Construction Model.

3.4 Components Cost & Quantity-

The total budget for the project could be held from the table below-

NOTE - This budget is held by the project held and made by Softpro Training Centre and the
product/component can also be used of different models and types, which can increase or decrease
the cost and pricing, the table chart is made for estimation purpose only.

S.No. Component Rating Quantity Maker Co. Price

1 Arduino UNO 1 Adafruit Industries 650/-

2 Arduino Cable USB A to B 1 Adafruit Industries 50/-

3 LED 5mm 2 V-Tac Innovative 1/-

4 Alphanumeric Display 16x2 1 Netmac 150/-

5 I2C LCD Module - 1 Texas Instruments 120/-

6 2 Channel Relay Module 5V 1 Bender 100/-

7 IR Sensor 5V 2 Parasnath Electronics 50/-

Project Report www.trainingatsoftpro.com P a g e | 13

 BI-DIRECTIONAL VISITOR COUNTER
8 Resistor 1K 1 Panasonic 1/-

Project Report www.trainingatsoftpro.com P a g e | 14

 BI-DIRECTIONAL VISITOR COUNTER

9 Voltage Regulator IC LM7805 1 Voltiro Electronics 10/-

10 Buzzer 5V 1 Electrologics Dev. 10/-

11 Zero PCB - 1 Rapid Circuit 25/-

12 Breadboard - 1 Tektrum 80/-

13 Adapter 12V/ 1Amp 1 Commerce 120/-

Corporation

14 Jumper Wire M to F 14 Jrd Cables Inc. 2/-

15 Connecting Wire - 3m Finolex 5/-

3.5 About Components & Working

Project Report www.trainingatsoftpro.com P a g e | 15

 BI-DIRECTIONAL VISITOR COUNTER

Arduino UNO -

Uno is a microcontroller board developed by Arduino.cc which is an open-source

electronics platform mainly based on AVR microcontroller Atmega328. Along
with ATmega328P, it consists of other components such as crystal oscillator, serial
communication, voltage regulator, etc. to support the microcontroller.

The Arduino Uno comes with a USB interface, 6 analog input

Project Report www.trainingatsoftpro.com P a g e | 16

 BI-DIRECTIONAL VISITOR COUNTER

pins, 14 I/O digital ports that are used to connect with external electronic circuits. Out of 14 I/O
ports, 6 pins can be used for PWM output. It allows the designers to control and sense the external
electronic devices in the real world.

Structure of Arduino UNO

Pin Diagram of Arduino UNO -

Project Report www.trainingatsoftpro.com P a g e | 17

 BI-DIRECTIONAL VISITOR COUNTER

Feature and Technical Specifications of Arduino Uno

The specifications of Arduino Uno are as given in the table below.

● Microcontroller : ATmega328P

● Operating Voltage : 5V

● Input Voltage (recommended) : 7-12V

● Input Voltage (limit) : 6-20V

● Digital I/O Pins : 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)

● PWM Digital I/O Pins 6

Project Report www.trainingatsoftpro.com P a g e | 18

 BI-DIRECTIONAL VISITOR COUNTER

● Analog Input Pins 6

● DC Current per I/O Pin : 20 mA

● DC current for 3.3V Pin : 50 mA

● Flash Memory : 32 KB (ATmega328P) of which 0.5 KB

used by bootloader

● SRAM : 2 KB (ATmega328P)

● EEPROM : 1 KB (ATmega328P)

● Clock Speed : 16 MHz

● LED_BUILTIN 13

Arduino USB A to B Cable -

This cable is used to interface any of the Arduino boards with your
computer, you can also connect your USB printer, scanner, and more to
your computer. These cables transmit data at high speeds with the
error-free, high-performance transmission.

IR Sensor -

IR sensor is an electronic device that emits light in order to sense some object of the surroundings.
An IR sensor can
measure the heat of an object as well
as detect the motion. Usually, in the
infrared spectrum, all the objects
radiate some form of thermal radiation.
These types of radiation are invisible
to our eyes, but infrared sensors can
detect these radiations.

Project Report www.trainingatsoftpro.com P a g e | 19

 BI-DIRECTIONAL VISITOR COUNTER

The emitter is simply an IR LED (Light Emitting Diode) and the detector is simply an IR photodiode.
Photodiodes are sensitive to IR light of the same wavelength, which is emitted by the IR LED.
When IR light falls on the photodiode, the resistances and the output voltages will change in
proportion to the magnitude of the IR light received.

Structure and Pinout of IR Sensor

● VCC : Power Supply Input(5V)

● GND : Power Supply Ground(0V)
● Out : Active High/ Low Output

Feature and Technical Specification of IR Sensor

● 5V DC Operating voltage
● I/O pins are 5V and 3.3V compliant
● Range : Up to 20cm
● Adjustable Sensing range
● Built-in Ambient Light Sensor
● 20mA supply current
● Mounting hole

Relay -

A Relay is a simple electromechanical switch. While we use

normal switches to close or open a circuit manually, a Relay is also
a switch that connects or disconnects two circuits. But instead of a
manual operation, a relay uses an electrical signal to control an
electromagnet, which in turn connects or disconnects another.

Project Report www.trainingatsoftpro.com P a g e | 20

 BI-DIRECTIONAL VISITOR COUNTER

● Relay works on the principle of electromagnetic induction.

● When the electromagnet is applied with some current, it induces a magnetic field around it.

● In the relay, Copper coil and the iron core act as electromagnet.

● When the coil is applied with DC current, it starts attracting the contact as shown. This is
called energizing of a relay.

● When the supply is removed it retrieves back to the original position. This is called De
energizing of a relay.

Feature and Technical Specification of Relay

● Trigger Voltage (Voltage across coil) : 5V DC

● Trigger Current (Nominal current) : 70mA
● Maximum AC load current : 10A, 250/125V AC
● Maximum DC load current : 10A, 30/28V DC
● Operating time : 10ms
● Release time : 5ms
● Maximum switching : 300 operating/minute (mechanically)
● Compact 5-pin configuration with plastic molding

Structure and Pinout Configuration of Relay

Project Report www.trainingatsoftpro.com P a g e | 21

 BI-DIRECTIONAL VISITOR COUNTER

Pin No. Pin Name Pin Description

1 Coil End 1 Used to trigger(On/Off) the Relay, Normally one end is

connected to 5V and the other end to ground

2 Coil End 2 Used to trigger(On/Off) the Relay, Normally one end is

connected to 5V and the other end to ground

3 Common(COM) Common is connected to one End of the Load that is to be

controlled

4 Normally Close The other end of the load is either connected to NO or NC. If
connected to NC the load remains connected before trigger
(NC)

5 Normally Open The other end of the load is either connected to NO or NC. If
connected to NO the load remains disconnected before trigger
(NO)

Alphanumeric Display -

Alphanumeric Display(LCD) is one kind of electronic

device used to display messages and data. The term
LCD full form is Liquid Crystal Display. The display is
named 16×2 LCD because it has 16 Columns and 2
Rows. It can be displayed (16×2=32) 32 characters in
total and each character will be made of 5×8 Pixel Dots.
These displays are mainly based on multi-segment
light-emitting
diodes. There are a lot of combinations of displays available in the market like 8×1, 8×2, 10×2, 16×1,
etc. but the 16×2 LCD is widely used. These LCD modules are low cost, and programmer- friendly,
therefore, are used in various DIY circuits, devices, and embedded projects.

These 16 x 2 LCD display modules are constant of 16 Columns and 2 Rows. The 1st row of this
module has a total of 16 columns 0 to 15 and the position of the first row is 0. Also, the 2nd row

Project Report www.trainingatsoftpro.com P a g e | 22

 BI-DIRECTIONAL VISITOR COUNTER

has a total of 16 columns 0 to 15 and the position of the second row is 1. So the total numbers of the
column are 16 x 2 = 32. It means a 16 x 2 LCD module can display 32 characters at the same time.

Feature and Technical Specification of LCD

● Operating Voltage is 4.7V to 5.3V

● Current consumption is 1mA without backlight
● Alphanumeric LCD display module, meaning can display alphabets and numbers
● Consists of two rows and each row can print 16 characters.
● Each character is build by a 5×8 pixel box
● Can work on both 8-bit and 4-bit mode
● It can also display any custom generated characters
● Available in Green and Blue Backlight

Pin Diagram of LCD

All 16 pins are directly connected to the I2C LCD

Module.

I2C -

I2C stands for Inter-Integrated Circuit. It is a bus interface

connection protocol incorporated into devices for serial
communication. Philips Semiconductor originally designed
it in 1982.

Project Report www.trainingatsoftpro.com P a g e | 23

 BI-DIRECTIONAL VISITOR COUNTER

I2C is a synchronous, multi slave, multi master packet switched, single-ended serial bus. ie. Multiple
chips can be connected to the same bus.I2C uses only two bidirectional open collector or open drain
lines, Serial Data Line (SDA) and Serial Clock Line (SCL), pulled up with resistors.

It is also known as the I2C Module. It has a total of 20 male pins. 16 pins are faced to the rear side
and 4 pins faced towards the front side. The 16 pins connect to 16x2 LCD and the 2 pins out of 4 pins
are SDA and SCL. SDA is the serial data pin and SCL is the clock pin. The rest 2 pins for power
supply (Vcc and ground).There is a POT on the I2C Module. We can control the contrast of the LCD
display by rotating this POT. And there is a jumper fixed on the module. When we remove the
jumper, the backlight of the LCD display will go OFF.

Structure and Pinout of I2C

● The first pin is SCL, which is a serial clock primarily controlled by the master. SCL is
used to synchronously clock data in and out of the slave device.

● The second pin is SDA, which is the serial data line. SDA is used to transmit data
between the master devices and slave devices.

● The third pin is VCC, which is the positive supply.

● The fourth pin is GND, which is the negative supply.

Feature and Technical Specification of I2C

● Operating voltage : 5V
● Controller : PCF8574
● Default address : 0x27

Project Report www.trainingatsoftpro.com P a g e | 24

 BI-DIRECTIONAL VISITOR COUNTER

● Screen resolution : 2-lines × 16 characters

● Character resolution : 5 × 8 pixels
● Module dimensions : 80 × 36 × 12 mm
● Viewing area dimensions : 64.5 × 16.4 mm
● Can have 8 modules on a single I2C bus

LED -

An LED stands for Light Emitting Diode. An LED is a two-lead

semiconductor light source, which emits lights when activated. When an
appropriate voltage is applied to the LED terminal, then the electrons
are able to recombine with the electron holes within the device and
release energy in the form of photons.

The forward voltage required to turn ON a LED, depends on the

color of the LED. If you are feeding the exact value of forward voltage then you can connect a LED
directly to the source. If the voltage is higher than use a resistance in series with the LED.

Feature and Technical Specification of LED

● Forward Current (IF) : 30mA

● Forward Voltage (VF) : 1.8V to 2.4V
● Reverse Voltage : 5V
● Operating Temperature : -30℃ to +85℃
● Storage Temperature : -40℃ to +100℃
● Luminous Intensity : 20mcd
● Long operating life
● Superior weather resistance
● 5mm Round Standard Directivity
● UV Resistant Epoxy
● Low Power Consumption
● Wide Viewing Angle
● Low voltage DC operated

Breadboard -

A breadboard is used to build and test circuits quickly before finalizing any circuit design. The
breadboard has many holes into which circuit components like ICs and resistors can be inserted. A
typical breadboard is shown below:

Project Report www.trainingatsoftpro.com P a g e | 25

 BI-DIRECTIONAL VISITOR COUNTER

The bread board has strips of metal which run underneath the board and connect the holes on the top
of the board. The metal strips are laid out as shown below. Note that the top and bottom rows of
holes are connected horizontally while the remaining holes are connected vertically.

Jumper Wire -

Jumper wires are simply wires that have connector

pins at each end, allowing them to be used to connect
two points to each other without soldering. Jumper
wires are typically used with breadboards and other
prototyping tools in order to make it easy to change a
circuit as needed. Fairly simple. In fact, it doesn’t get
much more basic than jumper wires.

Project Report www.trainingatsoftpro.com P a g e | 26

 BI-DIRECTIONAL VISITOR COUNTER

Connecting Wire -

A wire is a flexible metallic conductor, especially one made of copper, usually insulated, and used to
carry electric current in a circuit.

Zero PCB -

Zero PCB is basically a general-purpose printed circuit board

(PCB), also known as perfboard or DOT PCB. It is a thin rigid
copper sheet with holes pre-drilled at standard intervals across a
grid with 2.54mm (0.1-inch) spacing between holes.

4. Description

4.1 Project Introduction -

This project tells the plan of Industrial Automation utilizing microcontrollers. This circuit will do the
task of tallying the number of persons or workers in an industry bi directionally. This count will be
very accurate and it will beep a warning alarm if the number of people exceeds the limit. The
aggregate number of people will appear on the LCD Display. The microcontroller will get signals
from the sensors and those signals work under the control of a programming code which is put away
in the ROM of the microcontroller. The Infrared Receivers will continuously monitor any entity
which passes both outside the building and inside the building. According to the number of guests
inside the industry, electronic appliances like lights,fans and coolers will be triggered on and off.
This automation will save lots of electricity.

Industries require a huge number of work force and maintenance. Here in this given paper we have
taken steps to ease the industry work by reducing the consumption of electricity and providing safety
features which will not lead to dangerous situations. This will ease the work of electricity
maintenance. Over many years guest counters are used in many areas. The sensors used in this circuit
are very efficient in terms of execution in comparison to the manual tally counter. This circuit can be
used in many places like classroom halls, an auditorium, libraries, community halls, hospital, clinic,
shopping mall, etc. It is a necessity to monitor the visitors for better crowd management. The initial
method for counting the visitors involves hiring people to

Project Report www.trainingatsoftpro.com P a g e | 27

 BI-DIRECTIONAL VISITOR COUNTER

stand and manually calculate the number of guests or workers who enter or exit by a specific
location.

4.2 Block Diagram -

4.3 Working & Explanation -

The Project can be divided into two modules, entry & exit part and display part.

The project also has an additional application of turning or triggering a relay when the IR sensor
detected any person entering from the entry area and it keeps the area lighted unless the person do
not exist, Here the microcontroller has been programmed than when the count of total person inside
the area on the premise if equal to zero, then only the lights will be off, otherwise even one person
(or more) if available inside the area, the lights will be on.

The project also displays the status of lights attached to the module, changes, and represents it in real
time.

Project Report www.trainingatsoftpro.com P a g e | 28

 BI-DIRECTIONAL VISITOR COUNTER

When any person enters the room, the entry IR sensor detects them and it gives the signal to the
microcontroller. Then, the microcontroller gives the count of people to the LCD Display and the
LCD displays the number of people in the room. When the people enter the room, the entry IR sensor
detects them and the LCD displays the number of people in the room by increment 1.

When any person exits the room, the exit IR sensor detects them and it gives the signal to the
microcontroller. Then, the microcontroller gives the count of people to the LCD Display and the
LCD displays the number of people in the room. When the people enter the room, the exit IR sensor
detects them and the LCD displays the number of people in the room by decrement 1.

5. Project Implementation

5.1 Procedure-

After getting all the components at one place, below is the step-by-step procedure for the
connections-

1. First thing is to build a Program for the microcontroller and upload it to the Arduino
using Arduino IDE Software.

2. After Uploading the code successfully to the controller, it is ready to accept and make
connections.

3. In the program, the Arduino pin configurations are assigned as below-

Arduino A0 Pin - Output pin of Entry IR Sensor

Arduino A1 Pin - Output pin of Exit IR Sensor

Arduino A5 Pin - I2C Serial Clock Pin (*SCL)

Arduino A4 Pin - I2C Serial Data Access (*SDA)

Digital Pin 8 - IN1 Pin of Relay Module

Digital Pin 9 - IN2 Pin of Relay Module

Vin- Produces 5 Supply

Project Report www.trainingatsoftpro.com P a g e | 29

 BI-DIRECTIONAL
Gnd -Used for VISITOR Circuits.
Connecting and completing COUNTER

Project Report www.trainingatsoftpro.com P a g e | 30

 BI-DIRECTIONAL VISITOR COUNTER

4. Take the first IR Sensor and connect the output pin of the sensor to analog pin A0 of the
arduino as mentioned above and GND to GND of the microcontroller and give power to the
v+ pin.

5. Take the second IR Sensor and connect the output pin of the sensor to analog pin A1 of the
arduino as mentioned above and GND to GND of the microcontroller and give power to the
v+ pin.

6. Take the Relay Module and connect the IN1 and IN2 pin of the relay to digital pin 8 and 9 of
the arduino as mentioned above and GND to GND of the microcontroller and give power to
the v+ pin.

7. Now only LCD connection is to be made with the help of i2c.

8. Connect SCL and SDA from pin SCL & SDA (A4 & A5) respectively, Vcc to Vcc and GND
to GND for completing all connections.

After completing all connections as mentioned, it is now time to turn on the circuitry by giving
supply, for power supply, we can use a 12V power adapter with the help of voltage regulator IC-
7805 to make a convenient 5V dc regulated supply, IC7805 is mounted on the PCB board used in the
project just behind the dc port.

Connect a 3.3V Led in the PCB board to display when power supply is applied to the project.

5.2 Testing & Demonstration -

After all the steps taken properly, the project will be developed, once the program is given to
Arduino, it will work accordingly and its time to test the projects working-

We need to test the working of the IR sensor & adjust its sensitivity from the trimmer attached just
behind the module.

We need to check whether the display is properly working on not when initialized. We

also need to check that relays turn on when we make an entry into the area.

5.3 Precautions -

Project Report www.trainingatsoftpro.com P a g e | 31

 BI-DIRECTIONAL VISITOR COUNTER

a) Check devices before using them in the project. You can test devices using a multimeter.

b) I.C and devices should not be heated too much while soldering, excess heat can destroy it.
While placing the I.C, pin number one should be made sure at the right hole.

c) Make proper care of devices and safety when using soldering iron and doing connections.

d) When using 220V electric supply take extra care and make sure to insulate the wires and leave no
cuts and joints in the connection

e) Each component should be soldered neat and clean. We should check for any dry solder.

6. Use & Future Scope

6.1 Present Use-

The project is very adaptive and has applications on visiting sites and places as mentioned above, the
list can include

● Security based places like-

● Museums.

● Private Properties

● Meeting Areas

● Hotels &

The places wherever there is a need of having proper records required for the customers.

6.2 Future Scope -

● The most useful upgrade which could be applied to this project is to use IoT in application,
with IoT we can make or give alerts whenever there is any person coming in.

● The alerts can be in the form of notifications on the phone and we can also get the data of
the total number of people that are useful in real time.

Project Report www.trainingatsoftpro.com P a g e | 32

 BI-DIRECTIONAL VISITOR COUNTER

● The options can also include more entry and exit points and only a single controller can
monitor all the sites and entry exit points.

Project Report www.trainingatsoftpro.com P a g e | 33

 BI-DIRECTIONAL VISITOR COUNTER

7. Conclusion:
This system can be very helpful at places to save energy and efficiency and in saving effort and time
by adding automation. By using one of such systems into use, we can make present systems more
advanced and help make use of Embedded Systems and advanced technology more in the domestic
and conventional systems.

Project Report www.trainingatsoftpro.com P a g e | 34