Syllabus
Unit I: Molecular polarity and Weak Chemical Forces:
Resonance, resonance energy, formal charge, dipole moment and molecular Structure
(diatomic and polyatomic molecules), Percentage ionic character from polarizing power and
polarizability. Fajan's rules and consequences of polarization. Hydrogen bonding, Van der
Waals forces, ion-dipole forces, dipole-dipole interactions, induced dipole interaction. Effects
of weak chemical forces, melting and boiling points, solubility, energetics of dissolution
process. Lattice energy and Born-Haber cycle, solvation energy, and solubility of ionic solids.
Unit II: Simple Bonding theories of Molecules
Atomic orbitals, Aufbau principle, multiple bonding (σ and π bond approach) and bond lengths,
the valence bond theory (VBT), concept of hybridization, hybrid orbitals and molecular
geometry, Bent's rule, Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory (VSEPR), shapes of the
following simple molecules and ions containing lone pairs and bond pairs of electrons: H2O,
NH3, PCI5, SF6, SF4, CIF3, I3- CIF2-, SO42- and H3O+. Molecular orbital theory (MOT).
Molecular orbital diagrams, bond orders of homonuclear and heteronuclear diatomic molecules
and ions (N2, O2, C2, B2, F2, CO, NO, and their ions)
Unit III: Periodic properties of Atoms (with reference to S & P-block):
Brief discussion, factors affecting and variation trends of following properties in groups and
periods. Effective nuclear charge, shielding or screening effect, Slater rules, Atomic and
ionic radii, electronegativity, Pauling's/ Allred Rochow's scales, ionization enthalpy, electron
gain enthalpy.
Unit IV: Recapitulation of basics of Organic Chemistry: Hybridization, bond lengths and
bond angles, bond energy, localized and delocalized chemical bonding, van der waals
interactions, inclusion compounds, clatherates, charge transfer complexes, hyperconjugation,
dipole moment; electronic, displacements: inductive, electromeric, resonance/ mesomeric
effects and their applications
Unit V: Mechanism of Organic Reactions: Curved arrow notation, drawing electron
movements with allows, half-headed and double-headed arrows, homolytic and heterolytic
bond fission, types of reagents-electrophiles and nucleophiles, types of organic reactions,
energy considerations. reactive intermediates-carbocations, carbanions, free radicals,
carbenes, arynes and nitrenes (with examples). assigning formal charges on intermediates and
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other ionic species. Methods of determination of reaction mechanism (product analysis,
intermediates, isotope effects, kinetic and stereochemical studies).
Unit VI: Stereochemistry- concepts of isomerism, Types of isomerism-
Elements of Symmetry, molecular chirality, enantiomers, stereogenic center, optical activity,
properties of enantiomers, chiral and achiral molecules with two stereogenic centers,
disastereorners, threo and erythro diastereomcrs, meso compounds, resolution of enantionrner,
inversion, retention a racemization. Relative and absolute configuration, sequence rules, D &
L and R & S systems of nomenclature, geometric isomerism, determination of configuration of
geometric isomers, E & Z system of nomenclature, geometric isomerism in oximes and alicyclic
compounds. Conformational isomerism-conformational analysis of ethane and n-butane;
conformations of cyclohexane, axial, and equatorial bonds, conformation of mono substituted
cyclohexane derivatives, Newman, projection and Sawhorse formulae, Fischer and flying
wedge formulae, difference between configuration and conformation.
Unit VII: Basic Computer System (in brief)-
Hardware and Software; Input devices, Storage devices, Output devices, Central Processing Unit
(Control Unit and Arithmetic Logic Unit); Number system (Binary, octal and Hexadecimal Operating
System); Computer Codes (BCD and ASCII); Numeric/String Constants and variables Operating
Systems (DOS, WINDOWS, and Linux); Software languages: low level and High Level languages
(Machine language, Assembly language; QBASIC, FORTRAN and C++); Software Products
(Office, chemsketch, scilab, rnatlab, hyperchem, etc:), internet application.
Unit VIII: Mathematical Concepts for Chemistry
Logarithmic relations, curve sketching, linear graphs and calculation of slopes, differentiation
of functions like Kx; ex, Xn sin x, log x, maxima and minima, partial differentiation and reciprocity
relations, integration of some useful/relevant functions; permutations and combinations, factorials,
probability
Suggested Readings:
1.Lee, J.D. Concise Inorganic Chemistry, Pearson Education 2010
2.Huheey, J.E., Keiter, E.A.Keiter, R. L., Medhi, O.K. Inorganic Chemistry, Principles of
Structure and Reactivity, Pearson Education 2006.
3. Douglas, B.E. and Mc Daniel, D.H., Concepts & Models of Inorganic Chemistry, Oxford,
1970
4.Shriver, D.D. & P. Atkins, Inorganic Chemistry 2nd Ed., Oxford University Press, 1994.
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