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SUSTAINABLE SOLID
WASTE MANAGEMENT
 IEEE Press
445 Hoes Lane
Piscataway, NJ 08854

IEEE Press Editorial Board

Tariq Samad, Editor in Chief

George W. Arnold Vladimir Lumelsky Linda Shafer

Dmitry Goldgof Pui-In Mak Zidong Wang
Ekram Hossain Jeffrey Nanzer MengChu Zhou
Mary Lanzerotti Ray Perez George Zobrist

Kenneth Moore, Director of IEEE Book and Information Services (BIS)

Technical Reviewer
Meimei Gao
Mercer County Community College
New Jersey, USA
SUSTAINABLE SOLID
WASTE MANAGEMENT
A Systems Engineering Approach

NI-BIN CHANG
ANA PIRES
Copyright © 2015 by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved.

Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey.

Published simultaneously in Canada.

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or
by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as
permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior
written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to
the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400,
fax (978) 750-4470, or on the web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission
should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken,
NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permission.

Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in
preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or
completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of
merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:

Chang, Ni-Bin.
Sustainable solid waste management : a systems engineering approach / Ni-Bin Chang, Ana Pires.
pages cm
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-118-45691-0 (hardback)
1. Integrated solid waste management. I. Pires, Ana. II. Title.
TD794.2.C45 2015
628.4′ 4–dc23 2014034307

Printed in the United States of America

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
CONTENTS

PREFACE xix

I FUNDAMENTAL BACKGROUND 1

1 INTRODUCTION 3
1.1 The Concept of Sustainable Development / 3
1.1.1 The Concept Formation / 3
1.1.2 The Three Pillars in Sustainable Development / 6
1.1.3 Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Sustainability
Goal / 8
1.1.4 The Possible Actions to Achieve the Sustainability Goal / 9
1.2 Sustainability in the Context of SWM / 10
1.2.1 The Possible Conflicts in Achieving the Sustainability
Objectives / 10
1.2.2 The Possible Sustainability Indicators / 11
1.3 The Framework for Sustainability Assessment / 12
1.4 The Structure of this Book / 13
References / 16

2 TECHNOLOGY MATRIX FOR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT 19

2.1 Waste Classification and Types of Waste / 19

v
vi CONTENTS

2.1.1 Municipal Solid Waste and Waste Streams / 20

2.1.2 Industrial Waste / 23
2.1.3 Medical Waste / 26
2.1.4 Other Wastes / 27
2.2 Waste Management Through Waste Hierarchy: Reduce, Reuse,
Recycle, Recover, and Disposal / 28
2.2.1 Reduction, Prevention, and Reuse / 28
2.2.2 Recycle / 32
2.2.3 Biological Recovery: Compost and Methane Gas / 33
2.2.4 Waste-to-energy / 33
2.2.5 Disposal / 34
2.3 Waste Operational Units: Real-World Cases / 34
2.3.1 Berlin, Germany / 34
2.3.2 Lisbon, Portugal / 37
2.3.3 Seattle, USA / 38
2.3.4 Copenhagen, Denmark / 40
2.3.5 Singapore, Republic of Singapore / 41
2.4 Waste Operational Units: Equipment and Facilities / 42
2.4.1 Collection and Transportation / 42
2.4.2 Mechanical Treatment / 47
2.4.3 Biological Treatment / 59
2.4.4 Thermal Treatment / 64
2.4.5 Disposal / 69
2.5 Technology Matrix for Multiple Solid Waste Streams / 72
2.5.1 Mixed Municipal Solid Waste and Process Residues / 75
2.5.2 Biodegradable Waste / 77
2.5.3 Packaging Waste / 79
2.5.4 End-of-life Vehicles and Scrap Tires / 85
2.5.5 Waste Oil / 87
2.5.6 Waste of Electrical and Electronic Equipment / 88
2.5.7 Construction and Demolition Wastes / 89
2.6 Final Remarks / 90
References / 90

3 SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CONCERNS 99

3.1 Financial Concerns / 100
3.1.1 Financial Concepts / 100
3.1.2 Waste Management Costs / 101
 CONTENTS vii

3.1.3 Waste Management Revenues / 109

3.1.4 Public Financial Scheme and Private Sector Financing / 112
3.2 Economic Incentives and Socioeconomic Concerns / 114
3.2.1 Public Goods / 115
3.2.2 Monopoly and Oligopoly / 115
3.2.3 Externalities / 115
3.3 Social Concerns / 123
3.3.1 Public Acceptance / 124
3.3.2 Public Behavior and Participation / 130
3.4 Final Remarks / 133
References / 134

4 LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL CONCERNS 141

4.1 SWM Legislation / 141
4.1.1 International Solid Waste Management / 142
4.1.2 National Solid Waste Management / 147
4.2 Sustainable Waste Management Principles and Policies / 151
4.2.1 Waste Hierarchy Principle / 151
4.2.2 Polluter-Pays Principle / 152
4.2.3 Extended Producer Responsibility / 152
4.2.4 Precautionary Principle: Protection of Human Health and
Environment / 153
4.2.5 Principles of Self-sufficiency and Proximity / 154
4.2.6 Zero Waste Principle / 154
4.2.7 Integrated Product Policy / 154
4.3 Policy Instruments / 155
4.4 ISWM Plans / 162
4.5 Final Remarks / 163
References / 163

5 RISK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF RISK 171

5.1 Formulate the Problem: Inherent Hazards in Solid Waste
Management / 171
5.2 Risk Assessment in Solid Waste Management / 176
5.2.1 Risk Assessment Steps / 178
5.2.2 Risk Assessment Models / 182
5.3 Management of Risk / 183
5.4 Risk Communication / 184
viii CONTENTS

5.5 How to Promote a Sustainable Solid Waste Management with Risk

Analysis? / 186
5.6 Final Remarks / 188
References / 188

II PRINCIPLES OF SYSTEMS ENGINEERING 193

6 GLOBAL CHANGE, SUSTAINABILITY, AND ADAPTIVE

MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT 195
6.1 Global Change Impacts / 195
6.1.1 Economic Development and Globalization / 196
6.1.2 Population Growth and Migration / 202
6.1.3 Resources Overexploitation and Limitations / 203
6.1.4 Climate Change and Sustainability / 206
6.2 Sustainability Considerations and Criteria / 208
6.3 Adaptive Management Strategies for Solid Waste Management
Systems / 208
6.4 Final Remarks / 210
References / 210

7 SYSTEMS ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES FOR SOLID WASTE

MANAGEMENT 215
7.1 Systems Engineering Principles / 215
7.1.1 The Definition of a System / 215
7.1.2 Model-Based Systems Engineering Approach / 218
7.2 System of Systems Engineering Approaches / 222
7.3 Centralized Versus Decentralized Approaches / 227
7.4 Sensitivity Analysis and Uncertainty Quantification / 230
7.4.1 Sensitivity Analysis / 230
7.4.2 Uncertainty Quantification / 231
7.5 Final Remarks / 232
References / 233

8 SYSTEMS ENGINEERING TOOLS AND METHODS FOR

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT 235
8.1 Systems Analysis, Waste Management, and Technology Hub / 236
 CONTENTS ix

8.2 Cost–Benefit–Risk Trade-Offs and Single-Objective

Optimization / 240
8.2.1 Basic OMs / 240
8.2.2 Trade-offs and Cost–Benefit–Risk Evaluation
Matrix / 247
8.3 Multicriteria Decision-Making / 248
8.3.1 Basic Principles / 248
8.3.2 Multiobjective Decision-Making / 251
8.3.3 Multiattribute Decision-Making / 271
8.4 Game Theory and Conflict Resolution / 283
8.5 System Dynamics Modeling / 287
8.6 Final Remarks / 290
References / 292
Appendix Web Site Resources of Software Packages of LINDO and
LINGO / 299

III INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY AND INTEGRATED SOLID

WASTE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES 301

9 INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY AND MUNICIPAL UTILITY PARKS 303

9.1 Industrial Symbiosis and Industrial Ecology / 303
9.1.1 The Concept of Industrial Symbiosis / 303
9.1.2 The Onset of Industrial Ecology / 305
9.2 Creation of Eco-Industrial Parks and Eco-Industrial Clusters / 309
9.2.1 The Conceptual Framework / 309
9.2.2 The Design Principles of an Eco-industrial Park / 309
9.2.3 The Linkages with Solid Waste Management / 312
9.3 Municipal Utility Parks in Urban Regions / 314
9.4 Final Remarks / 319
References / 321

10 LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT AND SOLID WASTE

MANAGEMENT 323
10.1 Life Cycle Assessment for Solid Waste Management / 323
10.2 Phases of Life Cycle Assessment / 325
10.2.1 Goal and Scope Definition / 327
10.2.2 Life Cycle Inventory / 337
10.2.3 Life Cycle Impact Assessment / 346
10.2.4 Interpretation / 352
x CONTENTS

10.3 LCA Waste Management Software / 355

10.3.1 Umberto Software / 358
10.3.2 SimaPro Software / 359
10.3.3 GaBi Software / 360
10.4 Putting LCA into Practice / 361
10.4.1 Goal and Scope Definition / 363
10.4.2 Life Cycle Inventory / 365
10.4.3 Life Cycle Impact Assessment / 374
10.4.4 Interpretation of LCA Results / 374
10.5 Life Cycle Management / 374
10.6 Final Remarks / 376
References / 376

11 STREAMLINED LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT FOR SOLID

WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS 387
11.1 Application of Life Cycle Assessment for Solid Waste
Management / 388
11.2 LCA for Screening Technologies of Solid Waste Treatment / 390
11.3 LCA Assessment Methodology / 391
11.3.1 Goal and Scope Definition / 392
11.3.2 Life Cycle Inventory Analysis / 392
11.3.3 Life Cycle Impact Assessment / 393
11.3.4 Interpretation / 397
11.3.5 Sensitivity Analysis / 397
11.4 Description of the CSLCA / 397
11.5 Interpretation of CSLCA Results / 400
11.5.1 Life Cycle Inventory / 400
11.5.2 Impact Assessment / 401
11.5.3 Sensitivity Analysis / 407
11.5.4 Improvement Analysis / 409
11.6 Final Remarks / 412
References / 412

12 CARBON-FOOTPRINT-BASED SOLID WASTE

MANAGEMENT 417
12.1 The Global-Warming Potential Impact / 417
12.2 The Quantification Process / 418
12.2.1 Functional Unit, Waste Type, and Composition / 419
12.2.2 System Boundaries and Allocation / 420
12.2.3 GHG Selection / 422
 CONTENTS xi

12.2.4 GHG Accounting / 423

12.2.5 GWP Calculation / 425
12.2.6 Interpretation / 425
12.3 GWP Assessment for Solid Waste Management / 426
12.4 Case Study / 429
12.4.1 Structure of the SWM System / 429
12.4.2 Planning Background / 432
12.4.3 GWP Calculations / 433
12.5 Systems Analysis / 434
12.6 Final Remarks / 436
References / 436

IV INTEGRATED SYSTEMS PLANNING, DESIGN,

AND MANAGEMENT 441

13 MULTIOBJECTIVE DECISION-MAKING FOR SOLID WASTE

MANAGEMENT IN A CARBON-REGULATED ENVIRONMENT 443
13.1 Current Gaps of Cost–Benefit Analyses for Solid Waste
Management / 444
13.2 Background of System Planning / 446
13.2.1 Structure of the Proposed Solid Waste Management
System / 447
13.2.2 GWP Calculations for Different Management
Scenarios / 448
13.3 Formulation of Systems Engineering Models for Comparative
Analysis / 451
13.3.1 Scenario-1: Total Cost Minimization / 452
13.3.2 Scenario 2: Net Benefit Maximization / 454
13.3.3 Scenario-3: GWP Minimization / 455
13.3.4 Scenario-4: Net Benefit Maximization and GWP
Minimization / 456
13.3.5 Scenario-5: Cost–Benefit Analysis Under a
Carbon-Regulated Environment / 457
13.4 Interpretation of Modeling Output for Decision Analysis / 459
13.4.1 Interpretation of Scenario-1: Cost Minimization / 459
13.4.2 Interpretation of Scenario-2: Benefit Maximization / 459
13.4.3 Interpretation of Scenario-3: GWP Minimization / 459
13.4.4 Interpretation of Scenario-4: Benefit Maximization
and GWP Minimization / 459
xii CONTENTS

13.4.5 Interpretation of Scenario-5: Cost–Benefit Analysis

Under a Carbon-Regulated Environment / 464
13.5 Comparative Analysis / 464
13.6 Final Remarks / 470
References / 470

14 PLANNING REGIONAL MATERIAL RECOVERY FACILITIES

IN A FAST-GROWING URBAN REGION 475
14.1 Forecasting Municipal Solid Waste Generation and Optimal
Siting of MRF in a Fast-growing Urban Region / 476
14.2 Modeling Philosophy / 478
14.3 Study Region and System Analysis Framework / 480
14.4 Prediction of Solid Waste Generation / 483
14.4.1 Prediction Analysis / 483
14.4.2 Data Collection for Prediction Analysis / 485
14.4.3 System Dynamics Modeling / 486
14.4.4 Prediction of Solid Waste Generation with System
Dynamic Modeling / 489
14.5 Regional Planning of Material Recovery Facilities / 492
14.5.1 Model Formulation / 492
14.5.2 Data Collection for Optimization Analysis / 497
14.5.3 Optimal Siting of MRF by Optimization Analysis / 499
14.6 Final Remarks / 506
References / 508

15 OPTIMAL PLANNING FOR SOLID WASTE COLLECTION,

RECYCLING, AND VEHICLE ROUTING 515
15.1 Systems Engineering Approaches for Solid Waste Collection / 516
15.1.1 Vehicle Routing and Scheduling Programs for Handling
Solid Waste Streams / 516
15.1.2 Recycling Programs with Optimal Vehicle Routing and
Scheduling Approaches / 518
15.2 Simulation for Planning Solid Waste Recycling Drop-Off
Stations / 520
15.2.1 Planning Philosophy / 520
15.2.2 GIS-Based Simulation Analysis for Siting Recycling
Drop-Off Stations / 522
15.2.3 Results of Practical Implementation / 524
 CONTENTS xiii

15.3 Multiobjective Programming for Planning Solid Waste

Recycling Drop-Off Stations / 533
15.3.1 Objective Function and Constraints / 533
15.3.2 Solution Procedure / 537
15.3.3 Planning Scenarios, Assessment Metrics,
and Planning Outcome / 539
15.4 Final Remarks / 543
References / 546

16 MULTIATTRIBUTE DECISION-MAKING WITH

SUSTAINABILITY CONSIDERATIONS 553
16.1 Deterministic Multiple Attribute Decision-Making Process / 554
16.1.1 Criteria Selection / 555
16.1.2 Criteria Weighting Methods / 562
16.1.3 Evaluation / 563
16.1.4 Interpretation / 565
16.2 MADM for Solid Waste Management / 568
16.2.1 Case 1—Selecting Construction and Demolition Waste
Management / 568
16.2.2 Case 2—Choosing Waste Collection System / 574
16.3 Final Remarks / 579
References / 580

17 DECISION ANALYSIS FOR OPTIMAL BALANCE BETWEEN

SOLID WASTE INCINERATION AND RECYCLING
PROGRAMS 585
17.1 Systems Analysis for Integrated Material Recycling and
Waste-to-Energy Programs / 586
17.2 Refuse-Derived Fuel Process for Solid Waste Management / 587
17.2.1 The Refuse-Derived Fuel Process / 587
17.2.2 Experimental Results / 589
17.2.3 Regression Analysis to Predict Heating Value / 590
17.3 Regional Shipping Strategies / 594
17.3.1 Formulation of Mathematical Programming Model / 594
17.3.2 Application of the Mathematical Programming Model
for Decision Analysis / 597
17.4 Final Remarks / 606
References / 609
Another random document with
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margin of a neighboring stream, and with none to lend her a helping
hand, enveloped the corpse in her more valuable robes, and fastened
it upon the scaffold. She completed her task just as the day was
breaking, when she returned to the lodge, and shutting herself
therein, spent the three following days without tasting food.
During her retirement the widow had a dream in which she was
visited by the Master of Life. He endeavored to console her in her
sorrow, and for the reason that he had loved her husband, promised
to make her son a more famous warrior and medicine man than his
father had been. And what was more remarkable, this prophecy was
to be realized within the period of a few weeks. She told her story in
the village, and was laughed at for her credulity.
On the following day, when the village boys were throwing the ball
upon the plain, a noble youth suddenly made his appearance among
the players, and eclipsed them all in the bounds he made, and the
wildness of his shouts. He was a stranger to all, but when the widow’s
dream was remembered, he was recognized as her son, and treated
with respect. But the youth was yet without a name, for his mother
had told him that he should win one for himself by his individual
prowess.
Only a few days had elapsed, when it was rumored that a party of
Pawnees had overtaken and destroyed a Sioux hunter, when it was
immediately determined in council that a party of one hundred
warriors should start upon the war-path and revenge the injury.
Another council was held for the purpose of appointing a leader,
when a young man suddenly entered the ring and claimed the
privilege of leading the way. His authority was angrily questioned,
but the stranger only replied by pointing to the brilliant eagle’s
feathers on his head, and by shaking from his belt a large number of
fresh Pawnee scalps. They remembered the stranger boy, and
acknowledged the supremacy of the stranger man.
Night settled upon the prairie world, and the Sioux warriors
started upon the war-path. Morning dawned and a Pawnee village
was in ashes, and the bodies of many hundred men, women and
children were left upon the ground as food for the wolf and vulture.
The Sioux warriors returned to their own encampment when it was
ascertained that the nameless leader had taken more than twice as
many scalps as his brother warriors. Then it was that a feeling of
jealousy arose, which was soon quieted, however, by the news that
the Crow Indians had stolen a number of horses and many valuable
furs from a Sioux hunter as he was returning from the mountains.
Another warlike expedition was planned, and as before the nameless
warrior took the lead.
The sun was near his setting, and as the Sioux party looked down
upon a Crow village, which occupied the center of a charming valley,
the Sioux chief commanded the attention of his braves and
addressed them in the following language:
“I am about to die, my brothers, and must speak my mind. To be
fortunate in war is your chief ambition and because I have been
successful you are unhappy. Is this right? Have you acted like men? I
despise you for your meanness and I intend to prove to you this night
that I am the bravest man in the nation. The task will cost me my life,
but I am anxious that my nature should be changed and I shall be
satisfied. I intend to enter the Crow village alone, but before
departing, I have one favor to request. If I succeed in destroying that
village, and lose my life, I want you, when I am dead, to cut off my
head and protect it with care. You must then kill one of the largest
buffaloes in the country and cut off his head. You must then bring his
body and my head together, and breathe upon them, when I shall be
free to roam in the Spirit-land at all times, and over our great prairie-
land wherever I please. And when your hearts are troubled with
wickedness remember the Lone Buffalo.”
The attack upon the Crow village was successful, but according to
his prophecy the Lone Buffalo received his death wound, and his
brother warriors remembered his parting request. The fate of the
hero’s mother is unknown, but the Indians believe that it is she who
annually sends from the Spirit-land the warm winds of spring, which
cover the prairies with grass for the sustenance of the Buffalo race.
As to the Lone Buffalo, he is never seen even by the most cunning
hunter, excepting when the moon is at its full. At such times he is
invariably alone, cropping his food in some remote part of the
prairies; and whenever the heavens resound with the moanings of
the thunder, the red man banishes from his breast every feeling of
jealousy, for he believes it to be the warning voice of the Lone
Buffalo.
Charles Lanman.
ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS
 AGREEMENT BETWEEN EDMUND MUNRO
AND JOHN SELLON

[Edmund Munro of Lexington, Mass. [1736–1778], lieutenant in the French and

Indian war. Served at the battle of Lexington, April 19, 1775; Lieutenant, Captain
Miles’s company, Colonel Reed’s regiment, also Quartermaster at Ticonderoga and
with the Northern army in the campaign ending with Burgoyne’s surrender; also
Captain, Colonel Bigelow’s (13th Mass.) regiment, Continental army; killed in the
battle of Monmouth, June 28, 1778.
The agreement between him and Sellon, executed at Crown Point, is a curious
proof of the caution of the New England nature. Sellon practically insures him
against loss, for a premium of £3. It is a unique document, as far as we know.—
Ed.]

Crown Point July 1. 1762

Whereas Mr. Edmund Munro Has Served as an Adjutant in the

Massachusetts forces Last Winter, by order of the Govr of this Place,
and by Virtue of a Warrant Granted to Him Last Year by Govr
Bernard And Whereas the Aforsd Munro is under some
Apprehensions that the Massachusetts Government will not grant
Him Pay for His Doing the Duty of an Adjutant, from the 17th Day of
Novr Last till the 4th day of March 1762
For and in Consideration of a Note of Hand Given to me the
Subscriber Payable to me or my Order for the Sum of Three Pounds
Lawl Money Bearing Equal Date with this I Do hereby Covenant, Seal
and make Sure, and if the Province does not Pay Him, the aforsd
Munro, for the Service aforementioned, in that case I Promise to pay
or Cause to be paid unto him the Pay allowed for the Service of
Adjutant for the term of time aforsd in Six Months, and Witness my
Hand N. B.—if the aforesd Munro did not Receive a Warrant or
Commission to serve as Adjutant Last Year in Col Hoar’s Regt then
the above Obligation to be void and of None Effect But if he did
Receive a Warrant or Commission to act as Adjutant then the above
obligation to Remain in full Force and Virtue
Jn* Sellon

Test. Thomas Cowdin

 LETTERS OF LIEUTENANT EDMUND
MUNRO TO HIS WIFE

[Contributed by his great grandson, Dr. F. H. Brown, Boston.]

Ticonderoga 16th August 1776

My Dear—

I arived at this place the 12th Instant after a very fatiguing march through the
woods with 75 of the Company, the Capt. Lieut. Ensign with the remainder of the
Company are not arived yet. We had rain almost every day, we are well fortified
and Ready for the King’s troops if they see cause to pay us a visit The troops that
have been here this Summer are sickly Moses Harrington died about ten days ago.
Daniel Simonds & Samuel Munro are sick but Like to recover, there is none sick of
the Small Pox & it is thought there is no Danger, By the last account from Canada it
is thought that the King’s troops will not be like to come near us this summer, our
whole army are Employed in fortifying this place which will soon be strong enough
if well mand to stand a rangle with all Brittain. Francis Bowman & Wm Crosby are
well & desire to be remembered to their friends Lexington men are in good Health
If you will leave a letter at Buckmans the Post will bring it to me I shall be glad you
could write me as I shall not rest easy till I hear from you, by the next post I hope
to send you some money. my love to our little ones as you & they are never out of
my mind My compliments to all friends I remain my Dear your Loving Husband
Edmd Munro

Valey Forge, May 17th 1778

My Dear,

I send these lines with my warmest love & respect to you & the Little ones
Wishing they may find you & them & all friends in perfect Health & Prosperity. I
am in good Health through divine goodness. I have nothing new to write you; the
Lexington men are in a good State of health, Except Levi Mead & pomp,[14] they
are not well, but so that (they) keep about. I am going on command tomorrow
morning down to the Enemy’s lines, there are two thousand going on the
command I am of the mind that we shall have a dispute with them before we
return Give my dutifull respects to Father & Mother Compliments to all Friends. I
conclude, Wishing you & the little ones the Best of Heaven’s Blessings, and remain,
my dear,
Your Most Effectionate Husband
Edmd Munro

Inclosed is a Lancaster news paper which you will see the account of the grand
fue de joy we had on the Sixth of May instant which is a true & particular account
of that day

Valley Forge, 12 June 1778

My Dear,

I send these lines with the Most effectionate love & Respect, to you & the
children, wishing they may find you in Perfect Health & prosperity. I am well & in
High spirits through divine goodness Lexington men are all well; news we have
none except the Commissioners are arived from Great Brittain at Philadelphia in
order to settle the dispute between us & them They have Sent a Flag of truce, what
they had to offer is forwarded to Congress The new establishment of the army is
arived in camp; there is to be a Large Reducement of officers, but as it has not
taken place as yet, it is not known who are to be Reduced The new arrangement is
on a Better footing than it was before. As it is to take place soon I will let you know
my destiny by Mr Williams who is in a fair way to recover of the Small Pox; by him
I am in Hopes to send you some money. I receivd you letter & a Pair gloves I hope
to reward you for your kindness to your satisfaction Be kind enough to let me know
whether you have Drawn a Blank or a Prize in States Lottery
My due respects to all Friends
I am my dear your most effectionate
Husband
Edmd Munro
 ORIGINAL MANUSCRIPT OF LINCOLN’S
SPEECH ON THE FORMATION OF THE
REPUBLICAN PARTY. No date, but delivered
in 1859.

[An extremely valuable Lincoln document, perhaps the best that was ever
offered at public sale. It was accompanied by a letter from Mrs. E. J. Grinsley of
Springfield, Ill., dated April 10th, 1866, presenting the Speech to the Rev. E. P.
Hammond.
Mrs. Grinsley in her letter calls it “part of an address,” but it reads like a short
but complete speech.]
The following is the text:

Upon those men who are in sentiment opposed to the spread and
nationalization of slavery, rests the task of preventing it. The
Republican organization is the embodyment of that sentiment;
though, as yet, it by no means embraces all the individuals holding
that sentiment. The party is newly formed; and in forming, old party
ties had to be broken, and the attractions of party pride and
influential leaders were wholly wanting—In spite of old differences,
prejudices, and animosities, its members were drawn together by a
permanent common danger—They formed and manœuvered in the
face of the disciplined enemy, and in the teeth of all his persistent
misrepresentations— Of course, they fell far short of gathering in all
their own—And yet, a year ago, they stood up, an army over thirteen
hundred thousand strong—That army is, to-day, THE BEST HOPE OF THE
NATION AND OF THE WORLD— Their work is before them; and FROM
WHICH THEY MAY NOT GUILTLESSLY TURN AWAY.
MAJOR JAMES M’HENRY TO GEN. GREENE

[Part of letter of Major Jamel McHenry, member of the Continental Congress,

military secretary to Washington, and afterwards Secretary of War, to General
Greene. It is dated at Ambler’s Plantation, (opposite James Island, Va.), July 8,
1781. It is not signed, but is of great historical interest. He says:]

On the 4th Instant, the Enemy evacuated Williamsburg, where

some Stores fell into our Hands, and retreated to this Place, under
the Cannon of their Shipping. Next Morning we advanced to Bird’s
Tavern and a Part of the Army took Post at Narrell’s Mills about nine
Miles from the British Camp.—The Sixth I detached an advanced
Corps under Gen’l Wayne, with a View of reconnoitering the Enemy’s
Situation. Their light Parties being drawn in, the Pickets which lay
close to their Encampment were gallantly attacked by some
Riflemen, whose Skill was employed to great Effect, Having
ascertained that Lord Cornwallis had sent off his Baggage, under a
proper Escort and posted his Army in an open Field fortified by the
Shipping, I returned to the Detachment which I found more
generally engaged. A Piece of Cannon had been attempted by the Van
Guard under Major Galvan, whose conduct deserves high Applause.
Upon this the whole British Army came out and advanced to the thin
Wood occupied by Gen’l Wayne. His Corps chiefly composed of
Pennsylvanians, and some light Infantry did not exceed eight
hundred Men, with three Field Pieces. But notwithstanding their
Numbers at Sight of the British Army, the Troops ran to the
encounter, a short Skirmish ensued with a close Warm and well
directed firing, but as the Enemy’s Right and Left, of Course greatly
out flanked ours, I sent Gen’l Wayne Orders to retire Half a Mile to
where Colonels Vose and Barber’s light Infantry Battalions had
arrived by a rapid Move and where I ordered them to form, In this
Position they remained ’till some Hours after Sunset, The Militia
under Gen’l Lawson had been advanced and the Continentals were at
Narrel’s Mill, when the Enemy retreated in the Night to James
Island, which they also evacuated, crossing over to the South Side of
the River. Their Ground at this Place and the Island was successively
occupied by Gen’l Muhlenberg, many valuable Horses were left on
their Retreat. From every account the Enemy’s Loss has been very
great and much Pains taken to conceal it. Their Light Infantry the
Brigade of Guards and two British Regiments formed the first Line.
The Remainder of their Army, the Second, the Cavalry paraded, but
did nothing. By the enclosed Returns you will see what Part of
General Wayne’s Detachment Suffered most. The services rendered
by the Officers make me happy to think that although many were
wounded, we have lost none. Most of the Field Officers had their
horses killed. The same accident to every Horse of two Field Pieces
made it impossible to move them unless men had been sacrificed.
But it is enough for the Glory of Gen’l Wayne, and the Officers and
Men he commanded, to have attacked the whole British Army, with a
reconnoitering Party only, close to their encampment, and by this
severe Skirmish hastened their Retreat over the River. Colo. Bayer of
the Riflemen is a Prisoner.
 LETTER OF WASHINGTON TO THE
CITIZENS OF SAVANNAH
May 13, 1798.

To the Citizens of Savannah, and the inhabitants of its vicinity:

Gentlemen.—I am extremely happy in the occasion now afforded

me to express my sense of your goodness, and to declare the sincere
and affectionate gratitude which it inspires.
The retrospect of past scenes, as it exhibits the virtuous character
of our country, enhances the happiness of the present hour, and
gives the most pleasing anticipation of progressive prosperity—
The individual satisfaction, to be derived from the grateful
reflection, must be enjoyed in a peculiar degree by the deserving
citizens of Georgia—a State no less distinguished by its services, than
by its sufferings in the cause of freedom.
That the city of Savannah may largely partake of every public
benefit, which our free and equal government can dispense, and that
the happiness of its vicinity may reply to the best wishes of its
inhabitants is my sincere prayer.
Go Washington.
 LETTER OF MARTHA WASHINGTON
Philadelphia, December the 3rd, 1792.

To Mrs. Frances Washington:

My Dear Fanny.—Your Letter of the 2d of November came to my

hands yesterday—I am truly glad that the Major has had some little
relief, and I trust ere this he has found ease from the pain in his
breast and side. I beg my dear Fanny to write one day in every week
and that we shall know when to expect her letters, we are very
anxious when the southern post comes to hear from you. I write to
you by every Mondays Post, your letters come to us on Saturday.—I
hope you will pay some attention to your own health, as I feared you
were in very delicate situation when I left you at Mount Vernon.
Thank god we are all tolerable well hear—Tho I know you are with
your friends that is ready to give you every assistance and kindness,
yet if there is any thing hear that you cannot get whare you are that
you may want, I beg you will let us know and it will give us pleasure
to supply you with it.
I am happy to hear that your dear little Babes keep well.
Our compliments to Mr. Bassett—my love and good wishes to your
self and the Major,—Your Brothers and Sisters,—Kiss the children for
me.
I am my dear Fanny Your most affectionate
M. Washington.

1. A plan destined to be tried on a larger scale, but with equal futility, at

Charleston Harbor, in 1861—so does History repeat herself.

2. Ancestor of the poet Landor.

3. Min. of Legislative Council, and of General Assembly, Dec. 23 and 30, 1767.

4. Letter of Colden to Earl of Shelburne, Jan. 21, 1768. Doc. Rel. Col. Hist. N.
Y., VIII, p. 6.
 5. Minutes, General Assembly, Feb. 6, 1768.

6. Vide Isaac Q. Leake, “Memoir of the Life and Times of General John Lamb,”
Chapters II and III.

7. Minutes, General Assembly, Dec. 18th and 19th, 1769.

8. Minutes, General Assembly, Dec. 31, 1769.

9. Minutes, General Assembly of that date.

10. Original in a book in the Office of the General Court, labelled “Inquisitions
&c., 1665–1676” p. 239, printed in Hening’s Statutes at Large, II, 517.

11. Burke, Hist. Virginia, II, 237.

12. Quoted by Hening, Statutes at Large, II, 518.

13. Chalmer’s Annals, Vol. I, p. 345.

14. Pomp was a black man, wounded at the battle of Lexington, and probably a
servant to Captain Munro.
 A Beautiful Book at a Bargain

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Text by R. R. HOLMES ⁂ Illustrations by W. GIBB

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 TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES
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