Subject Name: Agadatantra, Vyavahar
Ayurved & Vidhi vaidyaka
Unit No: Part-b-15 Unit Name: sthavar khanij
visha
Faculty Name : Dr. Sneha Irole
Unit No: Part-b-15, Unit Name: sthavar khanij visha
LEAD
LEAD
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LEAD
Name of the drug -: LEAD.
Latin name-:PLUMBUM (pb)
Classification according to ayurveda :- sthavar khanija visha, Dhatu visha
Classification according to modern :-Irritant Inorganic Metallic Poison
4 Lecture – Lead
Drug information:-Lead is bluish grey heavy metal
Freshly cut surface shows bright metallic luster which
lost on prolong exposur. It makes black line on paper . It’s a cumulative poison
Melting Point :-327.5 C
Boiling Point:-1740 C
Synonums:- Naag ,bhujanga ,sisak, kuvanga,
Compound;-lead tetra oxide(vermilion or sindoor), lead acetate,leade sub acetate,lead
sulphate leade sulphide
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MECHANISM OF ACTION
• Inhibit sulphydryl group of enzyme,
• Chronic manifestation mainly due to fixation of lead in brain and peripheral
nerves.
• Spasm of capillaries.
FATAL DOSE :- 0.5—20gms
FATAL PERIOD :- 2—3 days
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SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Acute:-
• acute poisoning is very rare manifestation resemble other metallic poison except
diarrhoea is replaced by constipation and stool are black in colour and has foul
smell.
• GIT:- a sweet metallic astringent taste, burning pain in throat, nausea , vomiting,
colicky pain, constipation
• Urinary:- Oliguria, albuminuria ,presence of lead in urine- red colour urine.
• CNS:-Drowsiness , insomnia, headache convulsion muscular cramps.
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Chronic:-
1. It occur in people working in factory and industries using lead due to inhalation or
contact with body part for e.g. eclectic wire industries, batteries and paint
industry
2. Food contaminated with lead (store or cooked in tins)
3. Water stored in lead vessel
4. Vermillion (sindoor)used in ladies or on hanuman idol
5. Manifestation are A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H.
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A:-Anaemia (hypochromic)
B:-Basophilia i.e Red cell shows dark blue spot
C:- Colicy pain and constipation
D:- Delirium, wrist Drop, foot Drop
E:-Encephalopathy usually in children , lack of concentration and memory, Eye changes
optic atrophy, headache, insomnia, convulsions, hallucinations, insanity and coma.
F:-facial pallor due to vasospasm
G:- line on Gums- a blue line on gums is seen at the junction of gums and teeth
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G- Reproductive( genital) System Manifestation- may produces sterility, degenerate
offspring, may causes abortion, may causes death of foetus
G:-line on gums (Burtonian line) is seen at the junction of gums and teeth specially
upper jaw, menstrual disturbances- amenorrhoea, dysmenorrhoea, menorrhagia.
general manifestation like weakness , anorexia, foul breath, dyspepsia. Irritability and
pain in joints.
H:- Hair may be Alopecia
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DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
Heavy metals, poisoning like Arsenic, Mercury etc.
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TREATMENT
▪ Use of emetics
▪ Stomach wash
▪ For pain morphine, InJ atropine and inj calcium gluconate.
▪ Vit d and vit c is used
▪ ANTIDOTE :-
Physical -use of demulcent
Chemical sodium sulphate or magnesium sulphate
Pharmacological -: EDTA (ETHYLINE DIAAMINE TETRA ACETIC ACID ) 1 GM per day
slow iv drip
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a)the patient is removed from the contact of lead.
b)sodium or potassium is given in the dose of 1-2 gm, Three time a day. It helps to
eliminate lead through the kidneys.
c)calcium in the form of gluconate is given by i.v routs. This is particularly helpful in
cases where colicky pain in the abdomen is a predominant feature.
d)chelating agent such as EDTA or BAL should be used.
e)symptomatic treatment.
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PM APPEARANCE
Lead poisoning-
- Gastric mucosa is congested sometimes eroded
- A blue line is seen on the gums.
-Black colored fecal matter is found in large intestine.
- Sign of irritation of GIT.
- Lead lines could be seen in long bones.
- These are due to heavy deposition of lead metal.
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MEDICOLEGAL ASPECTS
-Acute lead poisoning is rare.
- Use of lead for suicide and homicide is very rare.
- Some times used as cattle poison and procure abortion.
- Chronic lead poisoning is more among workers exposed to lead salts in various
industries. therefore it has been regarded as an industrial occupational disease.
- Chronic lead poisoning is usually accidental.
- In chronic poisoning long bones, teeth, hair and nails should be preserved as an
additional viscera.
Lecture – Lead
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