CHILDHOOD
CANCER
Lucía Ramos Martín
4th Nursing E.U.E Meixoeiro
TABLE OF CONTENTS
01 02 03
INTRODUCTION TYPES OF CAUSES AND RISK
CHILDHOOD CANCER FACTORS
04 05 06
SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OPTIONS ROLE OF PAEDIATRIC
DIAGNOSIS ONCOLOGY NURSES
07
CONCLUSION
01 INTRODUCTION
Childhood cancer is a term used to describe the different types of cancer that occur in
children under the age of 15 and is the leading cause of disease-related deaths in
children worldwide.
About 300.000 children are diagnosed with cancer
each year, but survival rates have been improving
due to advances in treatment.
02 TYPES OF CHILDHOOD
CANCER
Most common ----> Leukemia Childhood cancer are usually the result of
cell mutations during development, whereas
adult cancers are more influenced by
lifestyle and environmental factors.
30%
Brain and spinal cord tumors Neuroblastoma
03 CAUSES AND RISK
FACTORS
There are known
genetic factors that ----> mutations in genes like TP53 ----> Li-Fraumeni syndrome
may increase the risk,
Early onset of multiple primary cancers including breast
cancer, soft tissue and bone sarcomas, brain tumours,
adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), leukaemias and other
cancers.
Environmental exposures,
lifestyle,
smoking, are not usual risks for
diet.... childhood cancer
04 SYMPTOMS AND
DIAGNOSIS
Symptoms vary according to the type of cancer, but may include...
Fatigue More specific symptoms...
Fever Headaches
----> Brain tumors
Pain Vision problems
Severe weight loss. Lump in the abdomen ----> Wilms’ tumors
(Wilms' tumour is a rare kidney
cancer that mainly affects children.
Also known as nephroblastoma)
05 TREATMENT OPTIONS
Chemotherapy
+
Surgery
+
Radiation therapy
NEW TREATMENTS
-----
-----> Inmunotherapy / Targeted therapies
Better results with
fewer side effects
06 ROLE OF PEDIATRIC
ONCOLOGY NURSES
Nurses play a crucial role in the care of children
with cancer
Administer treatments
Manage side effects
Provide emotional support to the patient
and family
07 CONCLUSION
While childhood cancer is rare, it remains a major challenge because of its impact
on the life of children and their families.
Continued research and support are essential to improve
survival rates and quality of life.
By raising awareness and supporting cancer
foundations, we can help ensure that all children
have a better chance at life.
END
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