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1051ATUT4

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4/ 1

TUTORIAL 4 ACID-BASE EQUILIBRIUM

16: Acid-Base Equilibria

Brønsted–Lowry Acids and Bases

1. Designate the Brønsted-Lowry acid and the Brønsted-Lowry base on the left
side of each equation, and also designate the conjugate acid and conjugate
base on the right side:

(a) HCHO2(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ CHO2−(aq) + H3O+(aq)


(b) HSO4−(aq) + CO32(aq) ⇌ SO42−(aq) + HCO3−(aq)

2. (a) Write an equation for the reaction in which H2PO4−(aq) acts as a base
in H2O(l).
(b) Write an equation for the reaction in which H2PO4−(aq) acts as an acid
in H2O(l).
(c) What is the conjugate acid of H2PO4−? What is its conjugate base?

3. Label each of the following as being a strong base, a weak base, or a species
with negligible basicity. In each case write the formula of its conjugate acid:

(a) C2H3O2− (b) HCO3− (c) O2− (d) Cl− (e) NH3

4. Predict the products of the following acid-base reactions, and also predict
whether the equilibrium lies to the left or to the right of the equation:

(a) NH2−(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌


(b) HClO2(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌
(c) H3O+(aq) + F−(aq) ⇌

The pH scale

5 (a) Complete the following table by calculating the missing entries. In


each case indicate whether the solution is acidic or basic.

pH pOH [H+] [OH] acidic or basic


5.15
7.85
1.8 x 106 M
9.2 x 102 M

(b) What is the pH of a solution in which [H+] is two times greater than
[OH]? Ans: (b) 6.85
4/ 2

Strong Acids and Bases

6. Calculate the pH of each of the following solutions:

(a) 0.0035 M HNO3;


(b) 0.723 g of Ba(OH)2 in 0.500 L of solution;
(c) 5.00 mL of 1.00 M HCl diluted to 0.200 L;
(d) A mixture formed by adding 25.0 mL of 0.020 M HCl to 30.0 mL of
0.010 M HI.

Ans: (a) 2.46; (b) 12.227;


(c) 1.602; (d) 1.84

Weak Acids

7. Write the chemical equation and the K a expression for the acid dissociation of
each of the following acids in aqueous solution. First show the reaction with
H+(aq) as a product and then with the hydronium ion :

(a) HC6H5O
(b) HCO3−

8. Phenylacetic acid, HC8H7O2 is one of the substances that accumulates in the


blood of persons with phenylketonuria, an inherited disorder that can cause
mental retardation or even death. A 0.085 M solution of this substance is
found to have a pH of 2.68. Calculate the Ka value for this acid.

Ans: 5.3 x 10−5

9. A 0.100 M solution of bromoacetic acid, BrCH2COOH, is 13.2 percent ionized.


Using this information, calculate [BrCH2COO−], [H+], [BrCH2COOH], and Ka for
bromoacetic acid.

Ans: Ka = 2.0 x 10−3

10. The acid-dissociation constant for hypochlorous acid, HClO, is 3.0 x 108.
Calculate the concentrations of H3O+, ClO−, and HClO at equilibrium if the
initial concentration of the acid is 0.075 M.

Ans: [H3O+] = 4.7 x 10−5 M


4/ 3

Weak Bases

11. Write the chemical equation and the K b expression for the reaction of each of
the following bases with water:

(a) propylamine, C3H7NH2;


(b) monohydrogenphosphate ion, HPO42−;
(c) benzoate ion, C6H5CO2−

12. Codeine, C18H21NO3, is a weak organic base. A 5.0 x 10−3 M solution of


codeine has a pH of 9.95. Calculate the value of K b for this substance. What
is the pKb for this base?

Ans: pKb = 5.79

Relationship between Ka and Kb

13. The Ka for acetic acid is 1.8 x 10−5. What is the Kb for the acetate ion?

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