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4-Ethernet Specification

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6 views16 pages

4-Ethernet Specification

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Ethernet Specifications

Overview
• Before we move on and exploring networking
devices, the TCP/IP, IP addressing, subneting,
and routing. You have to understand:
– How is Ethernet used in today’s networks?

– What are MAC (Media Access Control) address


and how are they used?

– How are protocols used in Ethernet?


Physical or MAC Address
Assigned by the IEEE, Assigned by manufacturer,
identify the manufacturer or represent the interface
vendor. This portion also serial number.
known as OUI
Ethernet Frame
• The format for Ethernet frames specifies the location
of the destination and source MAC addresses, and
additional information including:
– Preamble for sequencing and timing
– Start of frame delimiter
– Length and type of frame
– Frame check sequence to detect transmission errors
Ethernet Frame (Cont…)
• The size of Ethernet frames is limited to a maximum of 1518
bytes and a minimum size of 64 bytes. Frames that do not
match these limits are not processed by the receiving hosts.
Basic Network
• Every Ethernet network interface has a physical address
assigned to it when it is manufactured. This address is known
as the Media Access Control (MAC) Address.

• Use ARP (Address


Resolution Protocol) to
discover MAC address.
• Broadcast MAC:
ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

LAB: Ping and Observer MAC


Physical Address – ICND1: 3.3.3.1
Collision Domain
• The term collision domain is
an Ethernet term that refers
to a particular network
scenario wherein one device
sends a packet out on a
network segment.
Broadcast Domain
• A broadcast domain refers to the set of all
devices on a network segment that hear all
the broadcasts sent on that segment.

ONE BROADCAST DOMAIN


Carrier Sense, Multiple Access / Collision
Detection (CSMA/CD)
• CSMA/CD is a set of rules
governing how you talk
on an Ethernet Network.
• CSMA/CD is only used
with half-duplex
communication typically
found in HUB.
• Full-duplex switches do
not use CSMD/CD.
Full and Half Duplex Ethernet
• Full-duplex Ethernet can be used in many
situations; here are some examples:
– With a connection from a switch to a host

– With a connection from a switch to a switch

– With a connection from a host to a host using a


crossover cable
Auto Detect Mechanism
• you can manually set
both the speed and
duplex type on the
network interface card
(NIC).
Binary to Decimal
• The PDU will be encapsulated to binary in order to send it
through media. Some binary conversion practice as below:

Binary Value Decimal Value


10000000 128
11000000 192
11100000 224
11110000 240
11111000 248
11111100 252
11111110 254
11111111 255
Channel Bonding
• Channel bonding (also
known as Ethernet
bonding):
– is a computer-networking
arrangement where two or
more network interfaces on
a host are combined for
redundancy and/or
increased throughput.

LAB: Switch Redundancy


Ethernet at Physical Layer
Ethernet Cable Maximum Max Notes
Name Type Speed Transmission
Distance
10Base-FL Fiber 10Mbps 500 to 2,000 Ethernet over Fiber Optic
meters to Desktop.
100Base-FX MMF 100Mbps 2,000 meters 100Mbps Ethernet Over
Fiber Optics.
1000Base-T UTP 1000Mbps 100 meters Four pairs of category 5e or
higher.
1000Base-SX MMF 1000Mbps 550 meters Uses SC fiber connectors.
Max length depends on
fiber size.
1000Base-CX Balanced 1000Mbps 25 meters Uses a special connector,
, the HSSDC.
Shielded
Copper
Ethernet at Physical Layer (Cont…)
Ethernet Cable Maximum Max Notes
Name Type Speed Transmission
Distance
1000Base-LX MMF 1000Mbps 550 meters Uses longer wave length
and SMF multimode / laser than 1000Base-SX.
2,000 meters Uses SC and LC connectors.
single mode
10GBase-T UTP 10Gbps 100 meters Connects to the network
like a Fast Ethernet link
using UTP.
10GBase-SR MMF 10Gbps 300 meters 850 nm laser. Max length
depends on fiber size and
quality.
10GBase-LR SMF 10Gbps 10 kilometers 1310 nm laser. Max length
depends on fiber size and
quality.
Ethernet at Physical Layer (Cont…)

Ethernet Cable Maximum Max Notes


Name Type Speed Transmission
Distance
10GBase-ER SMF 10Gbps 40 kilometers 1550 nm laser. Max length
depends on fiber size and
quality.
10GBase-SW MMF 10Gbps 300 meters 850 nm laser receiver.
10GBase-LW SMF 10Gbps 10 kilometers Typically used with SONET.
10GBase-EW SMF 10Gbps 40 kilometers 1550 nm optical wave
length.

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