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Python Cheat Sheet

This Python cheat sheet provides concise summaries of common Python concepts and functions for working with files, directories, strings, math operations, and databases: 1) To open a file, use open("file path", 'mode') and close it with f.close(). Common file methods include f.read(), f.readline(), and f.tell(). 2) The os module provides functions for working with directories and paths, such as os.getcwd(), os.chdir(), and os.listdir(). 3) Strings have useful methods like split(), translate(), and sort() to parse and manipulate string data. 4) Math functions like float() and // allow control over integer and floating point operations.

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lewis_levin
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670 views

Python Cheat Sheet

This Python cheat sheet provides concise summaries of common Python concepts and functions for working with files, directories, strings, math operations, and databases: 1) To open a file, use open("file path", 'mode') and close it with f.close(). Common file methods include f.read(), f.readline(), and f.tell(). 2) The os module provides functions for working with directories and paths, such as os.getcwd(), os.chdir(), and os.listdir(). 3) Strings have useful methods like split(), translate(), and sort() to parse and manipulate string data. 4) Math functions like float() and // allow control over integer and floating point operations.

Uploaded by

lewis_levin
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Python Cheat Sheet #Files f = open("file path", 'mode: r, w, a, r+') f.close() f.read() f.readline() f.tell() - where are we f.

seek(offset amount, 'from where: 0,1,2') for line in f: # interpreted to do readline for each line with open('a file pathname', 'r') as f: stuff to do program continues # this assures that the file will be closed after the body of the with group has executed ## a simple way to unpickle an entire file: file = open(filename,'rb') size = file.see(0,2) contents = [] file.seek(0) while file.tell() < size: contents.append(pickle.load(file)) import cpickle to get the optimized version written in C! ## function structure in stand-alone modules must have a main() must have a way to call main() so it runs def main(argv): ... if __name__ == "__main__": sys.exit(main(sys.argv[1:])) # __main__ is the context of the c aller, which can be either the python shell (idle) or the cmd shell a method call changes the object so it is like treating the object as gl obal. an assignment creates or changes a local variable #Directories -- modules (os, os.path) current directory: os.getcwd() change to absolute directory: os.chdir("absolute path") change to relative directory: os.chdir(".\\sub directory path\\") listing of current directory: os.listdir('.') is g a file: test = os.path.isfile(g) is g a directory: os.path.isdir(path) Return True if path is an existing directory. This follows symbolic links, s o both islink() and isdir() can be true for the same path. is g a symbolic link: os.path.islink(path) ##importing directories as packages: use platform indendent dir syntax: import dir1.dir2.mod #dir1 must be in the python search path, mod is actually mod.py each dir must contain a file __init__.py which can be empty or can run initi alization code from . import foobar #will import a module foobar from the current package (of the package code containing import) import search order varies in 2.6/(2.7?) and 3.0: the problem is making sur

e that you can import std library modules morale: try to avoid re-using the names for std. library modules for your o wn code. #Making a copy instead of a reference: cc = alist[:] cc = list(alist) cd = adictionary.copy() import copy x = copy.deepcopy(y) #copies recursively all nested objects in y #Input and output Be sure to use raw_input instead of input in Python 2.7 #formatting string output print '%s ... %s ... %s' % (obj1, obj2, obj3) #print list must be a tu ple print '{0} ... {1} ... {2}'.format(obj1, obj2, obj3) #there are a bunch --too many--ways to code the string selector #Math beware integer math. In 2.x: 3 / 5 => 0 NOT .6 3 / float(5) => .6 In 3.x: 3 / 5 => .6 and 3 // 5 => 0 (for backwards compatibility. it's called "floor division" because it rounds down. IT DOES NOT TRUNCATE. BEWARE! #Strings instant parsing to characters: turn any string into a list with the list functi on as: list(stringvar) translate method to remove noise characters: str = str.translate(None,',.:;') removes all white space and returns the words as a list: str = str.split() Sort all of the words with the sort method: words.sort() (sorts the list in plac e) #Functions ##Some handy functions zip map #Dictionaries a fast way to build a dictionary. myd = dict(zip(keys, values)) #Database access Try pymysql and mysqldb and oursql #Running at shell level sys.argv returns a list of cmdline arguments: 0: module name 1: etc...

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