ICSE Selina Solutions for Class 10

Mathematics

Chapter 18 - Tangents and Intersecting Chords

Very Short Answer Type

1. The radius of a circle is 8cm. Calculate the length of a tangent drawn to this
circle from a point at a distance of 10cm from its centre.

Ans:

Given, Radius OT=8cm

OP=10cm

Radius is perpendicular to the tangent on the circle. Therefore ∆OTP is a right

angle triangle.

Now by using the pythagoras theorem in ∆OTP

OP
= 2
OT 2 + TP 2

⇒ TP 2 = (10 ) − ( 8 ) = 100 − 64 = 36
2 2

⇒ TP = 36 = 6

Thus the length of the tangent is 6cm.

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 1

2. In the given figure, O is the centre of the circle and AB is a tangent at B. If
AB=15cm and AC=7.5cm, calculate the radius of the circle.

Ans:

Given, AB=15cm, AC=7.5cm

Let the radius of the circle is r.

OB=OC=r

OA
= OC + AC

r 7.5
⇒ OA =+

Radius is perpendicular to the tangent, therefore ∆OBA is a right angle triangle.

Now by using pythagoras theorem in ∆OBA

OA
= 2
OB 2 + AB 2

⇒ ( r + 7.5 ) = r 2 + 152
2

⇒ r 2 + 15r + 56.25 = r 2 + 225

⇒ 15r = 225 − 56.25

⇒ 15r =
168.75

11.25
⇒r=

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Therefore the radius of circle is 11.25 cm.

3. Two circles touch each other externally at point P. Q is a point on the common
tangent through P. Prove that the tangents QA and QB are equal.

Ans: Tangents to circle from an exterior point are equal.

So, AQ=PQ------(1)

Again, BQ=PQ-----------(2)

From eq.(1) and (2)

AQ=BQ. (Hence proved)

4. Two circles touch each other internally. Show that the tangents drawn to the
two circles from any point on the common tangent, are equal in length.

Ans:

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Tangents to a circle from an exterior point are equal.

Here PQ and QA are two tangents to the smaller circle from point exterior point Q.

QA ------(1)
⇒ PQ =

Now, PQ and QB are two tangents to the large circle from point Q.

QB --------(2)
⇒ PQ =

From eq. (1) and (2)

QA = QB

Hence proved.

5. Two circles of radii 5cm and 3cm are concentric. Calculate the length of a
chord of the outer circle which touches the inner.

Ans:

The radii of the concentric circles are 5cm and 3cm.

Sinc, SP is the chord of the larger circle and tangent to the smaller circle as well. OT
is the radius of the smaller circle and we know that radius is perpendicular to the
tangent. Therefore, OST is a right angle triangle.

By using pythagoras theorem in ∆OST

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OS
= 2
OT 2 + ST 2

⇒ ST 2 = OS 2 − OT 2

( 5 ) − ( 3)
2 2
⇒ ST 2 = = 25 − 9 = 16

4cm
⇒ ST =

OT is perpendicular to the chord SP, Hence SP bisects the SP.

Therefore, SP = 2 × SP = 2 × 4 = 8

Thus the length of the chord SP is 8cm.

6. Three circles touch each other externally. A triangle is formed when the
centres of these circles are joined together. Find the radii of the circles, if the
sides of the triangle formed are 6cm, 8cm and 9cm.

Ans:

Let the radii of the circles are r1 , r2 , r3 .

Given, The sides of the triangle are 6cm, 8cm, 9cm.

From the diagram,

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 6cm --------(1)
r1 + r2 =

9cm --------(2)
r2 + r3 =

8cm --------(3)
r1 + r3 =

Adding eq.(1), (2) and (3)

r1 + r2 + r2 + r3 + r1 + r3 =8 + 9 + 6

⇒ 2 ( r1 + r2 + r3 ) = 8 + 9 + 6

⇒ ( r1 + r2 + r3 ) =
11.5

⇒ r=
1
11.5 − 9= 2.5

Substituting r1 = 2.5 in equation (1).

r2 =6 − 2.5 =3.5

Now, substituting r2 = 3.5 in equation (2).

9
r2 + r3 =

⇒ r3 =9 − 3.5 =5.5

Therefore, the radii of circles are 2.5cm, 3.5cm, 5.5cm.

7. If the sides of a quadrilateral ABCD touch a circle, prove that:

AB+CD=BC+AD.

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Ans:

Let the points P,Q,R and S are the points on sides AB, BC, CD and AD respectively.

Tangents to the circle from an exterior angle are equal.

Since AP and AS are the tangents to the circle from external point A.

AP=AS-----------(1)

Similarly,

BP=BQ-----------(2)

CR=CQ----------(3)

DR=DS-----------(4)

Add equation (1),(2),(3) and (4)

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( AP + PB ) + ( CR + DR ) = ( AS + DS ) + ( BQ + CQ )
⇒ AB + CD = BC + AD

[since, AP+BP=AB, CR+DR=CD and AS+DS=AD, BQ+QC=BC]

Hence proved.

8. If the sides of a parallelogram touch a circle (refer figure of Q.7), prove that
the parallelogram is a rhombus.

Ans:

Let P, Q, R and S are the points on the sides AB, BC, CD and AD respectively of
the quadrilateral ABCD.

We know that the tangents to a circle from an external point are always equal.

Tangents from point A to the circle are AP and AS.

So, AP=AS -------------(1)

Similarly, BP=BQ ----------(2)

CR=CQ -----------(3)

DR=DS -----------(4)

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On adding eq. (1),(2),(3) and (4)

AP+BP+CR+DR=AS+BQ+CQ+DS

(AP+BP)+(CR+DR)=(AS+DS)+(BQ+CQ)

[Since, (AP+BP)=AB, (CR+DR)=CD and (AS+DS)=AD, BQ+CQ=BC]

⇒ AB + CD = AD + BC

Since ABCD is a parallelogram. Therefore AD=BC and AB=CD

Now, ⇒ AB + AB = BC + BC

⇒ AB =
BC

Therefore, AB
= BC
= CD
= DA

Thus the parallelogram ABCD is a rhombus.

9. From the given figure, prove that:

AP+BQ+CR=BP+CQ+AR. Also, Show that:

1
AP+BQ+CR= × Perimeter of ∆ABC .
2

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 9

Ans: Tangents drawn to a circle from an exterior point are always equal.

AP and AR are drawn to the circle from exterior point A.

Hence, AP=AR -----------(1)

Similarly, BQ=BP --------(2)

And, CR=CQ -------------(3)

On adding eq. (1), (2) and (3)

AP + BQ + CR = AR + BP + CQ

On adding AP+BQ+CR both sides

AP + BQ + CR + AP + BQ + CR = AR + BP + CQ + AP + BQ + CR

⇒ 2 ( AP + BQ + CR ) = ( AP + BP ) + ( AR + CR ) + ( BQ + CQ )

⇒ 2 ( AP + BQ + CR ) = AB + AC + BC

1
⇒ AP + BQ + CR = × ( AB + BC + AC )
2

Perimeter of a triangle is the sum of all the sides. ( AB + BC + AC ) =Perimeter of the

triangle.

1
Therefore, AP + BQ + CR = × Perimeter     
of thetriangle ABC.
2

10. In the given figure of Q.9; if AB=AC then prove that: BQ=CQ.

Ans:

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Tangents to a circle from an exterior point are always equal.

Here, AP and AR the tangents to the circle from the point A.

Hence, AP=AR ---------(1)

Similarly, BP=BQ -----------(2) and CQ=CR ----------(3)

On adding eq.(1), (2) and (3)

( AP + BP ) + CQ = ( AR + CR ) + BQ
AB + CQ = AC + BQ

Given, AB = AC

Therefore, CQ = BQ (Hence Proved)

11. Radii of two circles are 6.3cm and 3.6cm. State the distance between their
centres if :

(i). They touch each other externally.

(ii). They touch each other internally.

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 11

Ans:

(i).

Let the centres of the circle be O,O’ and P is the touching points of the circles.

Radii of the circles are 6.3cm and 3.6cm.

Now the distance between centres is OO’=OP+O’P

=6.3cm+3.6cm=9.9cm

(ii).

Radii of the circles are 6.3cm and 3.6cm. OP=6.3cm and O’P=3.6cm

Now the distance between centres is OO’=OP-O’P=6.3-3.6=2.7cm

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12. From a point P outside a circle, with centre O, tangents PA and PB are
drawn. Prove that :

(i). ∠ AOP = ∠ BOP

Ans:

In ∆AOP    
and ∆BOP

AP=BP (Tangents from an external points are equal)

OP=OP (common sides)

OA=OB (Radii of circle)

∆AOP ≌∆BOP (By SSS congruence law)

Therefore, ∠AOP =
∠BOP

(ii). OP is the 丄 bisector of chord AB.

Ans: In ∆OAM   
and ∆OBM

OM=OM (common sides)

OA=OB (Radii of same circle)

∠AOM =
∠BOM (Since ∠AOP =
∠BOP )

∆OAM ≌∆OBM (By SAS congruence law)

Therefore, AM=MB, ∠OMA =

∠OMB

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Since, ∠OMA + ∠OMB =180

⇒ 2∠OMA =180

⇒ ∠OMA =90

Thus OM and OP are perpendicular bisectors of chord AB.

13. In the given figure, two circles touch each other externally at point P. AB is
the direct common tangent of these circles. Prove that:

(i). Tangent at point P bisects AB,

Ans:

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 14

Let the common tangent touching both circles is TPT’

Tangents to a circle from an external point are equal. Here TP and TA are tangents
to the circle from point T.

TA=TP ---------(1)

Similarly, AB=TB --------(2)

From eq.(1) and (2)

TA=TB=TP

Therefore TPT’ is a bisector of AB.

(ii). Angle ∠ APB = 90.

Ans: In ∆TAP

Since, TA=TB

⇒ ∠TAP = ∠TPA -------(1)

Similarly, ∆TPB

TP=TB

⇒ ∠TBP = ∠TPB ----------(2)

On adding from eq. (1) and (2)

∠TAP + ∠TBP = ∠TPA + ∠TPB

∠APB = ∠TAP + ∠TBP ------(3)

In ∆APB By using angle sum property,

∠APB + ∠TAP + ∠TBP =180

⇒ 2∠APB =180

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⇒ ∠APB =90

14. Tangents AP and AQ are drawn to a circle, with centre O, from an exterior
point A. Prove that :

∠ PAQ = 2∠ OPQ

Ans:

Radius is perpendicular to the tangent.

90 and ∠OQA =

Therefore, ∠OPA = 90

OPAQ is a quadrilateral and the sum of all the angles in a quadrilateral is 360 .

∠OPA + ∠OQA + ∠PAQ + ∠POQ =360

= 360 − 180
⇒ ∠PAQ + ∠POQ = 
180 --------(1)

In ∆POQ

OP=OQ (Radii of same circle)

∠OQP (opposite angles of equal sides are equal)

∠OPQ =

Using angle sum property,

∠OPQ + ∠OQP + ∠POQ =180

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2∠OPQ + ∠POQ =180 ---------------(2)

From eq. (1) and (2)

2∠OPQ
∠PAQ =

15. Two parallel tangents of a circle meet a third tangent at points P and Q.
Prove that PQ subtends a right at the centre.

Ans:

Join points OP, OQ and OC.

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 17

In ∆OAP and ∆OCP

OP=OP (Common side)

OA=OC (Radii of same circle)

PA=PC ( Tangents to the circle from external point)

∆OAP ≌∆OCP

∠APO =
∠CPO

2∠CPO -------(1)
Therefore, ∠APC =

Similarly, ∆OBQ ≌∆OCQ

∠OQC =
∠OQB

Therefore, ∠CQB =
2∠CQO

Since, AP||BQ

∠APC + ∠CQB =180

⇒ 2∠CPO + 2∠CQO =180

⇒ ∠CPO + ∠CQO =90

Now in ∆POQ by using angle sum property,

∠CPO + ∠CQO + ∠POQ =180

= 180 − 90
⇒ ∠POQ = 
90

Thus PQ subtends the right angle at centre.

16. ABC is a right angled triangle with AB=12cm and AC=13cm. A circle, with
centre O, has been inscribed inside the triangle.

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 18

Calculate the value of x, the radius of the inscribed circle.

Ans:

Let the altitude points are L, M and N on sides AB, BC and AC respectively.

In ∆ABC , ∠B =90

OL ⊥ AB,   
OM ⊥ BC and ON ⊥ AC

LBMO is a square.

LB=MB=MO=OL=LN=x.

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 19

AL=12-LB=12-x.

Tangents to a circle from an exterior point are equal.

AN=AL=12-x

Since, ABC is a right angle triangle. So by using pythagoras theorem

AB 2 + BC 2 =
AC 2

⇒ BC 2 = AC 2 − AB 2 = 169 − 144 = 25

5
⇒ BC =

Now, MC=BC-BM=5-x.

Tangents to a circle from an exterior point are equal.

NC=MC=5-x

Since, AC
= AN + NC

⇒ 13 = 12 − x + 5 − x

⇒ 13 = 17 − 2 x

⇒x=2cm

Thus the value of x is 2cm .

17. In a triangle ABC, the incircle(centre O) touches the BC, CA and AB at

points P,Q and R respectively. Calculate that :

(i). ∠ QOR

(ii). ∠ QPR

given that ∠ A = 60 .

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 20

Ans:

(i). ∠ QOR

Ans: In triangle ABC, the circle touches AB, BC and AC at points R, P and Q
respectively.

In quadrilateral AROQ the sum of all the angles is 360

∠QOR + ∠OQA + ∠ORA + ∠A =360

= 360 − ( ∠OQA + ∠ORA + ∠A )

⇒ ∠QOR

Since OR, OQ are radii and AR, AQ are tangents to the circle from external point A.
We know that the radius is perpendicular to the tangent.

90 and ∠OQA =

Hence, ∠ORA = 90

= 360 − ( 90 + 90 + 60 )

⇒ ∠QOR

= 360 − 240
⇒ ∠QOR = 
120

Thus the value of ∠QOR is 120 .

(ii). ∠ QPR

Ans: In a circle, the angle at the centre is doubled the angle at circumference
subtended by the same chord.

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 2∠QPR
∠QOR =

1
⇒ ∠QPR= × ∠QOR
2

1
⇒ ∠QPR= × 120
2

⇒ ∠QPR =60

Thus the value of angle ∠QPR is 60 .

18. In the following figure, PQ and PR are tangents to the circle, with centre O.
If ∠ QPR = 60 , Calculate :

(i). ∠ QOR

(ii). ∠ OQR

(iii). ∠ QSR

Ans: Join the points QR.

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 22

(i). ∠ QOR

Ans: PQ and PR are the tangents to the circle from external point P.

Hence, PQ=PR

Tangent is perpendicular to the radius. OQ ⊥ PQ and OR ⊥ PR . Hence

∠OQP= 90   
and ∠ORP= 90

PQOR is a quadrilateral and in a quadrilateral the sum of angles in a quadrilateral is

360

∠QOR + ∠OQP + ∠ORP + ∠QPR =360

⇒ ∠QOR = 360 − 90 − 90 − 60 = 120

Thus the value of ∠QOR is 120 .

(ii). ∠ OQR

Ans: In ∆QOR

OQ=OR (Radii of same circle)

Therefore, ∠OQR =
∠ORQ (opposite angles of equal sides are equal)

Now, By using angle sum property,

∠OQR + ∠ORQ + ∠QOR =180

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 23

⇒ 2∠OQR
= 180 − 120=

60

⇒ ∠OQR =30

Thus the value of ∠OQR is 30

(iii). ∠ QSR

Ans: In a circle, Angle at the centre is doubled the angle at the circumference
subtended by the same chord.

2∠QSR
∠QOR =

1 120
⇒ ∠QSR= × ∠QOR= = 60
2 2

Thus the value of ∠QSR is 60 .

19. In the given figure, AB is the diameter of the circle, with centre O, and AT
is the tangent. Calculate the numerical value of x.

Ans:

In ∆OBC

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 24

OB=OC (Radii of same circle)

⇒ ∠OBC = ∠OCB

Exterior angle in a triangle is the sum of the opposite angles. Here angle ∠AOC is
the exterior angle of triangle ∆OBC .

∠AOC = ∠OBC + ∠OCB

⇒ 64 =
2∠OBC

⇒ ∠OBC =32

Now in ∆ABT by using angle sum property,

180
∠ABT + ∠BAT + x =

Since AT is tangent and AB is a diameter. We know that the radius is perpendicular

to the tangent. Hence, ∠BAT = 90

∠ABT = 32 (Angles b/w same line segment)

∠OBC =

180
⇒ ∠ABT + ∠BAT + x =

⇒ x= 180 − 90 − 32= 58

Thus the value of x = 58

20. In quadrilateral ABCD; angle D = 90 , BC=38cm and DC=25cm. A circle is

inscribed in this quadrilateral which touches AB at point Q such that
QB=27cm. Find the radius of the circle.

Ans:

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 25

In quadrilateral ABCD,

90 , BC=38cm, DC=25cm and QB=27cm

∠D =

Tangents to a circle from an external point are equal. Here BQ and BR the tangents
from the external points B.

Therefore, BQ=BR=27cm

∵BC=38cm

38cm
⇒ BR + RC =

⇒ RC = 38 − 27 = 11cm

Since, Tangents CS and CR are tangents from external point C.

Therefore CS=CR=11cm.

DC
= DS + CS

⇒ DS = DC − CS = 25 − 11 = 14cm

Now, DS and DP are tangents to the circle from external point D.

Therefore, DP=DS=14cm

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 26

AD, DC are tangents and OP, OS are radius. Radius is perpendicular to the tangent.

90 and OP ⊥ AD , OS ⊥ DC and OS=DP

∠PDS =

Therefore the radius OS is 14cm.

21. In the given figure, PT touches the circle with centre O at point R. Diameter
SQ is produced to meet the tangent TR at P. Given ∠ SPR = x  and ∠ QRP = y 
;

Prove that:

(i). ∠ ORS = y 

(ii). Write an expression connecting x and y.

Ans:

Since PT is a tangent at point R and OR is the radius of the circle.

Hence, ∠ORT = 90

∠ORP =

x  and ∠QRP =
Given, ∠SPR = y

90 and ∠QRP =

Since, ∠ORP = y

Therefore, ∠ORQ =90 − y 

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 27

∠QRP = y  (Angles in alternate segments)
∠QSR =

Since, OS=OR (Radii of same circle)

∠ORS = y  (Opposite angles of equal sides)

∠OSR =

(ii). Since, OR=OQ (Radii of same circle)

∠OQR = 90 − y  (opposite angles of equal sides)

∠ORQ =

By using exterior angle property in ∆PQR ,

ext. ∠OQR = ∠QPR + ∠QRP

90 − y = x + y

⇒ 90 =x + 2y

22. PT is a tangent to the circle at T. If ∠ ABC = 70 and ∠ ACB = 50 ; Calculate
:

(i). ∠ CBT

(ii). ∠ BAT

(iii). ∠ APT

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 28

Ans: join the points AT, BT

(i). ∠ CBT

Ans: PX is a tangent to the circle at point T.

Angle ∠CBT is subtended by the diameter at the circumference and we know that
the angle subtended by the diameter at the circumference is 90 .

90
Hence, ∠CBT =

= 90 − ∠CBA
∠ABT = 90 − 70= 20

(ii). ∠BAT

Ans: In ∆ABC by using angle sum property

∠ACB + ∠ABC + ∠CAB =180

= 180 − 50 − 70
⇒ ∠CAB = 60

∠CAT subtended by the diameter at the circumference and we know that the angle
subtended by the diameter at the circumference is 90 .

90
Hence, ∠CAT =

∠CAT = ∠CAB + ∠BAT

⇒ ∠CAB + ∠BAT =90

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 29

 = 90 − 60=
⇒ ∠BAT 
30

(iii). ∠ APT

Ans: PT is tangent and AT is a chord,

∠ATP = 20 (Angles in alternate segments)

∠ABT =

∠BAT is exterior angle of triangle APT,

∠BAT = ∠APT + ∠ATP

= 30 − 20=
⇒ ∠APT 
10

23. In the given figure, O is the centre of the circumcircle ABC. Tangents at A
and C intersect at P. Given angle AOB = 140 and angle APC = 80 ; Find the
angle BAC.

Ans: Join points OC.

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 30

PA and PC are two tangents to the circle at points A and C.

In quadrilateral APCO,

∠ APC + ∠ AOC =
180

⇒ ∠ AOC = 180 − 80 = 100

Now,

∠ BOC =
360 − ∠ AOC − ∠ AOB

⇒ ∠ BOC = 360 − 100 − 140 = 120

Angle at the centre is doubled the angle at the circumcentre subtended by the same
chord. Here ∠ BOC and ∠ BAC are subtended by the chord BC.

Therefore, ∠ BOC = 2∠ BAC

2 × ∠ BAC
⇒ 120 =

⇒ ∠ BAC =
60

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 31

24. In the given figure, PQ is a tangent to the circle at A. AB and AD are
bisectors of ∠ CAQ and ∠ PAC . If ∠ BAQ = 30 prove that : BD is the diameter
of circle.

Ans: Since PQ is tangent to the circle at point A.

AB is bisector of ∠CAQ .

Therefore, ∠CAB = 30 and ∠CAQ =

∠BAQ = 2∠BAQ

2 30 =
∠CAQ =× 60

Since PQ is a straight line.

Hence, ∠CAQ + ∠CAP =180 (linear pair)

∠CAP = 180 − 60 = 120

AD is bisector of ∠CAP .

⇒ ∠CAD = ∠DAP and ∠CAP = ∠CAD + ∠DAP = 2∠CAD

2∠CAD
∠CAP =

120
= = 60
⇒ ∠CAD
2

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 32

Now, ∠CAD + ∠CAB = ∠BAD

= 60 + 30= 90

⇒ ∠BAD

∠BAD is subtended by BD at the circumference and is at a right angle. We know

that the angle at the circumference subtended by diameter is a right angle.

Thus we can say ∠BAD subtended by the diameter BD.

Therefore, BD is the diameter of the circle.

Exercise 18.2
1. (i) In the given figure, 3 × CP = PD = 9cm and AP = 4.5cm . Find BP.

Ans:

Given that 3 × CP = PD = 9cm

9
⇒ CP = =3cm
3

PD = 9cm and AP = 4.5cm

Since two chords AB and CD intersect at point P.

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 33

Therefore, AP × PB = CP × PD

⇒ 4.5 × PB =×
3 9

27
⇒ PB = = 6cm
4.5

Thus the value of PB is 6cm .

(ii). In the given figure, 3 × PA =×

3 AB =30cm and PC = 4cm . Find the CD.

Ans: Given that 5 × PA =×

3 AB =30cm and PC = 4cm

5 × PA =
30cm

6cm
⇒ PA =

And, 3 × AB =
30cm

10cm
⇒ AB =

BP = BA + AP = 10 + 6 = 16cm

Since two chords intersect each other at point P.

Therefore,

AP × PB = CP × PD

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 34

⇒ 6 × 16 = 4 × PD

24cm
⇒ PD =

Now, CD
= PD − CP

⇒ CD = 24 − 4 = 20cm

Thus the value of CD is 20cm .

(iii). In the given figure, tangent PT = 12.5cm and PA = 10cm ; find AB.

Ans: PAB is the secant and PT is the tangent, both intersect each other externally at
point P.

PT=
2
PA × PB

⇒ (12.5 ) =
2
10 × PB

⇒ (12.5 ) =
2
10 × PB

156.25
⇒ PB
=
10

15.625
⇒ PB =

Now, AB
= PB − PA

= 15.625 − 10
⇒ AB = 5.625cm.

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 35

2. In the given figure, diameter AB and chord CD of a circle meet at P. PT is a
tangent to the circle at T. CD=7.8cm, PD=5cm, PB=4cm. Find :

(i). AB

Ans: Chords AB and CD intersect externally at point P.

Therefore, PA × PB = PC × PD --------(1)

PA = AB + BP = AB + 4

PC = CD + PD = 7.8 + 5= 12.8cm

Now substituting these values in eq. (1)

PA × PB = PC × PD

⇒ ( AB + 4 ) × 4= 12.8 × 5

⇒ ( AB + 4 ) =
16

12cm
⇒ AB =

Thus the value of AB is 12cm.

(ii). The length of the tangent

Ans: Tangent PT and chord CD intersect each other externally at point P.

Therefore, PT=2
PC × PD

⇒ PT =
2
12.8 × 5= 64cm

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 36

 8cm
⇒ PT =

Thus the length of the tangent is 8cm.

3. In the following figure, PQ is tangent to the circle at A, DB is the diameter

and O is the centre of the circle. If ∠ ADB = 30 and ∠ CBD = 60 , calculate :

(i). ∠ QAB

Ans: In a circle, Angle subtended by the diameter at the circumference is the right
angle. Therefore, ∠OAQ = 90

In ∆ABD by using angle sum property,

∠ADB + ∠ABD + ∠BAD =180

= 180 − 90 − 30
⇒ ∠ABD = 60

OA=OB (Radii of same circle)

∠ABO = 60
∠AOB =

Now, in ∆ABO by using angle sum property,

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 37

∠ABo + ∠AOB + ∠OAB =180

= 180 − 60 − 60
⇒ ∠OAB = 60

⇒ ∠OAQ = ∠OAB + ∠QAB = 60 + ∠QAB

⇒ 90 − 60 =
∠QAB

⇒ ∠QAB =30

Thus the value of ∠QAB is 30

(ii). ∠ PAD

Ans: Since, OD=OA(Radii of same circle)

∠ODA =
∠OAD (opposite angles of equal sides)

⇒ ∠OAD =30 [∵ ∠ODA =

30 ]

OA is radius and PQ is tangent. Radius is perpendicular to the tangent.

90
Therefore, ∠OAP =

∠PAD = ∠PAO − ∠OAD = 90 − 30 = 60

Thus the value of ∠PAD is 60 .

(iii). ∠ CDB

Ans: BD is diameter of the circle and ∠BCD is subtended by the diameter. We know
that the angle at the circumference subtended by the diameter is the right angle.
Hence ∠BCD = 90

Now by using angle sum property in ∆BCD

∠BCD + ∠CDB + ∠CBD =180

= 180 − 90 − 60
⇒ ∠CDB = 30

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 38

Thus the value of ∠CDB is 30 .

4. If PQ is a tangent to the circle at R; calculate :

(i). ∠ PRS

(ii). ∠ ROT

Given O is the centre of the circle and angle ∠ TRQ = 30 .

(i). ∠ PRS

Ans: In a circle, Angle at the circumference subtended by the diameter is the right
angle. Therefore, ∠SRT = 90

PQ is a straight line.

∠PRS + ∠SRT + ∠TRQ =180

= 180 − 30 − 90
⇒ ∠PRS = 
60

Thus the value of ∠PRS is 60 .

(ii). ∠ ROT

Ans: PQ is tangent and OR is radius. Radius is perpendicular to the tangent.

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 39

Therefore, ∠ORQ =
90

⇒ ∠ORQ = ∠ORT + ∠TRQ = 90

= 90 − 30= 60

⇒ ∠ORT

OR=OT(Radii of same circle)

∠ORT = 60 (opposite angles of equal sides)

∠OTR =

Now, By using angle sum property in ∆ORT

∠ORT + ∠OTR + ∠ROT =180

= 180 − 60 − 60
⇒ ∠ROT = 60

Thus the value of ∠ROT is 60 .

5. AB is the diameter and AC is a chord of a circle with centre O such that angle
BAC = 30 . The tangent to the circle at c intersects AB produced in D. Show
that : BC=BD.

Ans:

OA=OC (Radii of same circle)

∠OAC = 30 (opposite angles of equal sides)

∠OCA =

In ∆OAC by using angle sum property,

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 40

∠OAC + ∠OCA + ∠AOC =180

∠AOC = 180 − 30 − 30 = 120

AB is diameter and a straight line.

∠AOC + ∠BOC =180 (linear pair)

= 180 − 120
⇒ ∠BOC = 
60

∠BOC = 60 (Angles b/w same line segments)

∠DOC =

In a circle, Angle at the circumference subtended by the diameter is the right angle.

90
Therefore, ∠ACB =

∠OCA + ∠OCB =90

= 90 − 30= 60

⇒ ∠OCB

OC ⊥ CD (Radius is perpendicular to tangent)

90
∠OCD =

∠OCB + ∠BCD =90

∠BCD = 90 − 60 = 30 ---------(1)

By using angle sum property in ∆OCD

∠OCD + ∠ODC + ∠COD =180

= 180 − 90 − 60
⇒ ∠ODC = 
30

∠BDC = 30 (Angles b/w same line segments)------(2)

∠ODC =

From eq. (1) and (2)

∠BDC = 30
∠BCD =

⇒ BC =
BD (opposite sides of equal angles)

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 41

Hence proved.

6. Tangent at P to the circumcircle of triangle PQR is drawn. If this tangent is

parallel to side QR show that ∆PQR is isosceles.

Ans:

DE is tangent to the circle at point P.

DE||QR

Therefore,

∠PQR (Alternate angles)----------(1)

∠DPQ =

∠PRQ (Alternate angles) ---------(2)

∠EPR =

Since DP is a tangent and PQ is chord such as PQ=PR

Therefore, ∠DPQ =
∠PRQ -----------(3)

From eq.(1),(2) and (3)

∠DPQ =
∠PRQ =
∠EPR =
∠PQR

⇒ ∠PRQ = ∠PQR

PQ=PR (opposite sides of equal angles)

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 42

Therefore ∆PQR is an isosceles triangle.

7. Two circles with centres O and O’ are drawn to intersect each other at points
A and B. centres O of the circle lies on the circumference of the other circle
and CD is drawn tangent to the circle with centre O’ at A. Prove that OA
bisects angle BAC.

Ans: CD is a tangent to the circle and AO is chord.

Therefore, ∠OAC =
∠OBA (Angles in alternate segments) ----------(1)

Since, OA=OB (Radii of same circle)

Therefore, ∠OAB =
∠OBA (opposite angles of equal sides) ----------(2)

From eq. (1) and (2)

∠OAC =
∠OAB

Therefore OA is angle bisector of ∠BAC .

8. Two circles touch each other internally at a point P. A chord AB of the bigger
circle intersects the other circle in C and D. Prove that : ∠ CPA = ∠ DPB .

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 43

Draw tangent at point P.

Ans: We draw a tangent TS at P.

TPS is a tangent and PB is a chord.

∠BPS =
∠PAB (Angles in alternate segments) -------(1)

Similarly, ∠PCD =
∠DPS ------(2)

Subtract eq. (1) from eq. (2)

∠PCD − ∠BPS = ∠DPS − ∠PAB

∠PCD − ∠PAB = ∠DPS − ∠BPS -----------(3)

By using exterior angle property in ∆PAC

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 44

∠PCD = ∠PAB + ∠CPA --------------(4)

Now on substituting the value from eq.(4) in eq.(3)

∠PAB + ∠CPA − ∠PAB = ∠DPS − ∠BPS

∠DPB [∵From figure ∠DPS − ∠BPS = ∠DPB ]

∠CPA =

(Hence proved)

9. In a cyclic quadrilateral ABCD, the diagonal AC bisects the angle BCD.

Prove that the diagonal BD is parallel to the tangent to the circle at point A.

Ans:

In a circle, Angles at the circumference subtended by the same chord are equal.

∠ADB =
∠ACB --------(1)

Similarly,

∠ABD =
∠ACD --------(2)

AC is angle bisector of ∠BCD ,

∠ACB =
∠ACD ------(3)

From eq. (1), (2) and (3)

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 45

∠ADB =
∠ABD

TAS is a tangent and AB is a chord.

Therefore, ∠BAS =
∠ADB

Since, ∠ADB =
∠ABD

Therefore, ∠BAS =
∠ABD

If two alternate angles are equal then the sides are equal.

 ∠BAS =
∠ABD

Therefore TAS is parallel to BD.

10. In the figure, ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral with BC=CD. TC is tangent to

the circle at point C and DC is produced to point G. If ∠ BCG = 108 and O is
the centre of the circle, find :

(i). Angle BCT

(ii). Angle DOC

Ans: Join AC and OD.

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 46

DCG is a straight line.

∠BCG + ∠BCD =180

= 180 − 108
⇒ ∠BCD = 72

Here BC=CD

Angles opposite to equal sides are equal.

∠DCP =
∠BCT

PCT is a straight line.

∠DCP + ∠BCT + ∠BCD =180

⇒ 2∠BCT= 180 − 72= 108

⇒ ∠BCT =54

Thus the value of ∠BCT is 54 .

(ii). Angle DOC

Ans: Since ∠DCP = 54

∠BCT =

PT is tangent and DC is chord.

∠DAC = 54 (Angles is alternate segments)

∠DCP =

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 47

In a circle, Angle at the centre is doubled the angle at the circumference subtended
by the same chord. Here ∠DAC and ∠DOC are subtended by chord DC.

∠DOC = 2 × ∠DAC

⇒ ∠DOC = 2 × 54 = 108

Thus the value of ∠DOC is 108 .

11. Two circles intersect each other at points A and B. A straight line PAQ
cuts the circles at P and Q. If the tangents at P and Q intersect at point T,
show that the points P, B, Q and T are concyclic.

Ans: Join AB, PB and BQ.

TP is the tangent and AB is a chord.

∠ABP (Angles in alternate segments) ----------(1)

∠TPA =

∠ABQ (Angles in alternate segments) --------(2)

Similarly, ∠TQA =

On adding equations (1) and (2)

∠TPA + ∠TQA = ∠ABP + ∠ABQ

By using angle sum property in ∆PTQ

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 48

∠TPA + ∠TQA + ∠PTQ =180

= 180 − ∠PTQ
⇒ ∠TPA + ∠TQA

∠ABP and ∠TQA =

From eq.(1) and (2) by putting ∠TPA = ∠ABQ

= 180 − ∠PTQ
∠ABP + ∠ABQ

= 180 − ∠PTQ
⇒ ∠PBQ

⇒ ∠PBQ + ∠PTQ =180

Since ∠PBQ and ∠PTQ are opposite angles of quadrilateral PBQT. If the sum of
opposite angles in a quadrilateral is 180 then the quadrilateral is cyclic
quadrilateral. Therefore P, B, Q and T are cyclic.

12. In the figure; PA is tangent to the circle, PBC is secant and AD bisects
angle BAC. Show that triangle PAD is an isosceles triangle. Also, show that :

1
∠ CAD
= [∠ PBA − ∠ PAB ]
2

Ans:

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 49

PA is tangent to the circle and AB is chord.

∠PAB =
∠C (Angles in alternate segments) ------------(1)

AD is bisector of angle BAC.

Therefore, ∠1 =∠2 --------(2)

In ∆ADC by using angle sum property,

∠ADP = ∠1 + ∠C

⇒ ∠ADP = ∠2 + ∠PAB

⇒ ∠ADP = ∠PAD

In ∆ABC , By using exterior angle property.

∠PBA = ∠1 + ∠2 + ∠C

⇒ ∠1 + ∠2 = ∠PBA − ∠C

⇒ ∠1 + ∠2 = ∠PBA − ∠PAB [∵ From eq. 1 ∠PAB =

∠C ]

⇒ 2∠1 = [ ∠PBA − ∠PAB ]

1
⇒ ∠CAD= × [ ∠PBA − ∠PAB ] [From fig. ∠1 =∠CAD ]
2

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 50

13. Two circles intersect each other at points A and B. Their common tangent
touches the circles at points P and Q as shown in the figure. Show that the
angles PAQ and PBQ are supplementary.

Ans: Join AB.

PQ is a tangent and AB is a chord.

∠PBA (Angles in Alternate segments) ----------------(1)

∠QPA =

∠QBA (Angles in Alternate segments) ----------------(2)

∠PQA =

On adding eq.(1) and (2)

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 51

∠PQA + ∠QPA = ∠QBA + ∠PBA

In ∆QPA by using angle sum property,

∠PQA + ∠QPA + ∠PAQ =180

= 180 − ∠PAQ ------(3)

∠QPA + ∠PQA

∠PBA + ∠QBA = ∠PBQ

∠PBQ = ∠QPA + ∠PQA [ ∠QPA =

∠PBA and ∠PQA =
∠QBA ]-----(4)

From eq. (3) and (4)

= 180 − ∠PAQ
∠PBQ

⇒ ∠PBQ + ∠PAQ =180

Therefore, ∠PBQ and ∠PAQ are supplementary.

14. In the figure, chords AE and BC intersect at each other at point D.

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 52

(i). If ∠ CDE = 90 , AB=5cm, BD=4cm and CD=9cm: Find DE.

(ii). If AD=BD, show that : AE=BC.

Ans:

Join points AB.

(i). If ∠ CDE = 90 , AB=5cm, BD=4cm and CD=9cm: Find DE.

Ans: Since, ∠CDE = 90 ⇒ ∠ADB = 90 . Therefore ∆ADB is a right angled
triangle. By using pythagoras theorem.

AB
= 2
AD 2 + BD 2

⇒ 52= AD 2 + 42

⇒ AD 2 = 25 − 16 = 9

3cm
⇒ AD =

Chords AE and BC intersect each other at point D.

AD × DE = BD × CD

⇒ 3 × DE = 4 × 9

12cm
⇒ DE =

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 53

Thus the value of DE is 12cm.

(ii). If AD=BD, show that : AE=BC.

Ans: Since, AD=BD-------(1)

AD × DE = AD × CD

⇒ DE =
CD -------(2)

On adding eq.(1) and (2)

AD+DE=BD+CD

⇒ AE =
BC (Hence proved)

15. Circles with centres P and Q intersect at points A and B are shown in the
figure. CBD is a line segment and EBM is tangent to the circle, with centre Q,
at point B. If the circles are congruent; show that : CE=BD.

Ans: Join AB and AD.

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 54

Given that circles are congruent. Therefore the radii of circles are equal.

EBM is tangent to the circle having centre O and BD is chord.

∠BAD (Angles in alternate segments)--------(1)

∠DBM =

∠DBM =
∠CBE (opposite angles) -------(2)

From eq. (1) and (2)

∠CBE =
∠BAD

CE=BD (opposite sides of equal angles are equal)

Therefore, CE=BD (Hence proved)

16. In the adjoining figure, O is the centre of the circle and AB is a tangent to
it at point B. ∠ BDC = 65. Find ∠ BAO .

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 55

Ans: AB is a straight line and tangent to the circle.

∠BDE + ∠ADE =180 (Linear pair)

= 180 − 65
⇒ ∠ADE = 115

DB is tangent and OB is radius. Radius is perpendicular to the tangent.

90
∠DBC =

By using angle sum property in ∆BCD

∠DBC + ∠BDC + ∠BCD =180

= 180 − 90 − 65
⇒ ∠BCD = 25

OE=OC (radii of same circle)

∠OEC =
∠OCE (opposite angles of equal sides)’

∠OCE = 25 (Angles b/w same line segments)

∠BCD =

∠OEC = 25
∠OCE =

∠OEC = 25 (Opposite angles)

∠DAE =

By using angle sum property in ∆ADE

∠DAE + ∠ADE + ∠AED =180

= 180 − 115 − 25
⇒ ∠DAE = 40

∠BAO = 40 (Angles b/w same line segments)

∠DAE =

40 .
Therefore, ∠BAO =

Thus the value of ∠BAO is 40 .

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 56

 EXERCISE-18(C)
1. Prove that, of any two chords of a circle, the greater chord is nearer to the
centre.

Ans:

The circle has radius r and AB, CD are chords.

OM ⊥ AB, ON ⊥ CD Let AB>CD

Then we have to prove OM<ON

By using pythagoras theorem in ∆OMA

OA2 AM 2 + OM 2
=
2
1 
=r  AB  + OM 2 -------(1)
2

2 

Similarly in ∆ONC

OC
= 2
CN 2 + ON 2
2
1 
⇒
= r  CD  + ON 2 -------(2)
2

2 

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 57

From eq. (1) and (2)
2 2
1  1 
 AB  + OM=  CD  + ON
2 2

2  2 

Given, AB > CD

Therefore, ON > OM

Hence chord AB is nearer to the centre than CD.

2. OABC is a rhombus whose three vertices A, B and C lie on a circle with

centre O.

(i). If the radius of the circle is 10cm, find the area of the rhombus.

(ii). If the area of rhombus is 32 3 cm 2 find the radius of the circle.

Ans:

(i). If the radius of the circle is 10cm, find the area of the rhombus.

Ans:

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 58

Radius=10cm

In rhombus OABC,

OB=OC=OA=10cm

In a rhombus diagonal are perpendicular and bisect each other.

1 10
Therefore, OE = × OB = = 5cm
2 2

On using pythagoras theorem in ∆OEC

OC
= 2
OE 2 + EC 2

⇒ 102 =52 + EC 2

75
⇒ EC 2 =

5 3 cm
⇒ EC =

Now, =
AC 2=
EC 10 3

1
Area of rhombus= × OB × AC
2

1
= × 10 × 10 3 =50 3
2

≈ 86.6 cm 2

Therefore the area of rhombus is 86.6 cm 2

(ii). If the area of rhombus is 32 3 cm 2 find the radius of the circle.

Ans: Area of rhombus is 32 3 cm 2 .

The area of rhombus = 2 × area   of ∆OAB

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 59

 2
1 1 r 3 2
Area   
of ∆OAB = × Base × Height = × r × r 2 −   = r
2 2 2 4

3 2
The area of rhombus= 2 × r
4

3 2
2× r =32 3
4

64
⇒ r2 =

⇒r=8

Therefore the radius of the rhombus is 8cm.

3. Two circles with centres A and B, and radii 5cm and 3cm, touch each other
internally. If the perpendicular bisector of the segment AB meets the bigger
circle in P and Q; find the length of PQ.

Ans:

If circles touch internally then the distance between their centres is equal to the
difference of their radii.

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 60

So, AB=(5-3)=2cm

Given, the common chord PQ is perpendicular to the bisector of AB.

1
Therefore, AC =CB = × AB =1cm
2

By using pythagoras theorem in ∆ACP

AP
= 2
AC 2 + PC 2

⇒ PC 2 = 52 − 12 = 24

2 6 cm
⇒ PC =

PQ 2=
Now, = PC 4 6 cm

Therefore the length of PQ is 4 6 cm

4. Two chords AB and AC of a circle are equal. Prove that the centre of the
circle lies on the circle of angle BAC.

Show that the bisector of angle BAC is a perpendicular bisector of chord BC.

Ans:

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 61

In ∆APB   
and ∆APC

AB=AC (Given)

AP=AP (common sides)

∠BAP =
∠CAP (Given)

∆APB ≅ ∆APC (SAS congruence criterion)

Therefore, BP=PC and ∠APB =

∠APC

∠APB + ∠APC =180 (Linear pair)

⇒ 2∠APB =180

⇒ ∠APB =90

90
Since BP=CP and ∠APB =

Therefore the angle bisector of BAC is perpendicular to BC.

5. The diameter and a chord of a circle have a common end-point. If the

length of the diameter is 20cm and the length of the chord is 12cm, how far is
the chord from the centre of the circle ?

Ans:

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 62

AB is diameter and AC is a chord. A is the common point of chord and diameter.

Draw OL ⊥ AC

The perpendicular on a chord drawn from the centre bisects the chord.

12
Therefore, AL=LC= = 6cm
2

AB 20
AO = == = 10cm
2 2

Now by using pythagoras theorem in ∆ALO

OA
= 2
AL2 + OL2

⇒ OL2 = (10 ) − ( 6 ) = 64
2 2

8cm
⇒ OL =

Therefore the chord is at a distance of 8cm from the centre of the circle.

6. ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral in which BC is parallel to AD, angle

ADC = 110 and angle BAC = 50 . Find angle DAC and angle DCA.

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 63

Ans:

ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral.

Therefore, ∠B + ∠D =180

B 180 − 110
⇒ ∠= = 
70

By using angle sum property in ∆ABC

∠B + ∠BAC + ∠ACB =180

= 180 − 50 − 70
⇒ ∠ACB = 60

Since, AD||BC

Therefore, ∠DAC = 60

∠ACB =

Thus the value of ∠DAC is 60 .

By using angle sum property in ∆ADC

∠DAC + ∠ADC + ∠DCA =180

∠DCA = 180 − 110 − 60 = 10

Thus the value of ∠DCA is 10 .

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 64

7. In the given figure, C and D are points on the semi-circle described on AB
as diameter. Given angle BAD = 70 and angle DBC = 30 , calculate angle
BDC.

Ans: ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral. In a cyclic quadrilateral the sum of opposite

angles is 180 .

∠BCD + ∠BAD =180

= 180 − 70
⇒ ∠BCD = 110

By using angle sum property in ∆BCD

∠BCD + ∠BDC + ∠CBD =180

∠BDC = 180 − 110 − 30 = 40

Thus the value of ∠BDC is 40 .

8. In a cyclic quadrilateral ABCD, ∠ A = 3∠ C and ∠ D = 5∠ B . Find the

measure of each angle of the quadrilateral.

Ans:

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 65

ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral and in a cyclic quadrilateral the sum of
opposite angles is 180 .

Therefore, ∠ A + ∠ C =
180

180 [∵ Given ∠ A = 3∠ C ]
⇒ 3∠ C + ∠ C =

⇒ 4∠ C =
180

⇒∠C =
45

⇒∠ A=3∠ C =×
3 45 =
135

Similarly, ∠B + ∠D =180

⇒ ∠B + 5∠B =180

⇒ 6∠B =180

⇒ ∠B =30

⇒ ∠D = 5∠B = 5 × 30 = 150

Thus the value of ∠A= 135 , ∠B= 30 , ∠C= 45 , ∠D= 150

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 66

9. Show that the circle drawn on any one of the equal sides of an isosceles
triangle as diameter bisects the base.

Ans:

AB is a diameter and ∠ADB is subtended by the diameter of the circumference. In

a circle, Angle at the circumference subtended by diameter is the right angle.
Therefore, ∠ADB = 90 .

BDC is straight line.

∠ADB + ∠ADC =180

= 180 − 90
⇒ ∠ADC = 90

In ∆ADB   
and ∆ADC

AD=AD (common side)

∠ADB = 90
∠ADC =

AB=AC (Given)

∆ADB   
≅ ∆ADC (SAS congruence criterion)

Therefore, BD=CD (C.P.C.T)

Hence, The circle bisects the base BC at D.

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 67

10. Bisectors of vertex angles A, B and C of a triangle ABC intersect its
circumcircle at the point D, E and F respectively. Prove that angle
1
EDF = 90 − ∠ A .
2

Ans:

AD, BE and CF are angle bisectors of ∠A,   

∠B and ∠C .

∠B
Therefore, ∠ABE =
2

∠B
∠ADE =(Angles subtended by same chord AE)
∠ABE =
2

∠C
Similarly, ∠ACF =
∠ADF =(Angle in the same segment for chord AF )
2

∠D = ∠ADE + ∠ADF

∠B ∠C
D
⇒ ∠= + ----------(1)
2 2

Sum of all interior angle in a triangle is 180

∠A + ∠B + ∠C =180

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 68

 C 180 − ∠A
⇒ ∠B + ∠=

Now substituting the above value in eq. (1)

1 1
⇒ ∠D
=
2
( )
180 − ∠A= 90 − ∠A (Hence proved)
2

11. In the figure, AB is the chord of a circle with centre O and DOC is a line
segment such that BC=DO. If ∠ C = 20 , find angle AOD.

Ans: Join OB

BC=OD (Given)

OD=OA=OB (Radii of same circle)

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 69

Therefore, OD=OB=BC

∴∠BOC = ∠BCO = 20

In ∆BCO by using exterior angle property,

∠ABO = ∠BOC + ∠BCO = 20 + 20 = 40

Since, OA=OB(Radii of same circle)

∠OAB = 40
∠ABO =

In ∆AOB by using angle sum property,

∠AOB + ∠ABO + ∠OAB =180

= 180 − 40 − 40
⇒ ∠AOB = 
100

DOC is a straight line,

∠AOD + ∠AOB + ∠BOC =180

= 180 − 100 − 20
⇒ ∠AOD = 
60

Thus the value of ∠AOD is 60 .

12. Prove that the perimeter of a right triangle is equal to the sum of the
diameter of its incircle and twice the diameter of its circumcircle.

Ans:

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 70

Let D and R the diameter and radius of circumcircle and let d and r the diameter
and r the diameter and radius of incircle.

In ∆ABC

∠B =90

AC is the diameter of the circumcircle Therefore, AC=D

And, OL=OM=ON=r

Now, from B, BL and BM are tangents.

BL=BM=r (∵BL=OM)

Similarly, AN=AM=R (Tangents from C) and CL=CN=R (Tangents from C)

Perimeter of triangle is sum of all the sides,

AB + BC + AC = ( AM + BM ) + ( AN + CN ) + ( CL + BL )
                        = ( R + r ) + ( R + R ) + ( R + r )

                         = 4 R + 2r

                        
= 2D + d (∵2R=D and 2r=d)

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 71

13. P is the midpoint of an arc APB of a circle. Prove that the tangent drawn
at P will be parallel to the chord AB.

Ans:

Since TPS is tangent to the circle and PB is chord.

∠PAB (Angles in alternate segments) ---------(1)

∠BPT =

Since P is the midpoint of arc AB. Hence Chord PA=PB

∠PBA ( PA = PB ) -------(2)
∠PAB =

From eq.(1) and (2)

∠BPT =
∠PBA

But these are alternate angles.

Therefore, TPS||AB

14. In the given figure, MN is the common chord of two intersecting circles
and AB is their common tangent.

Prove that the line NM produced bisects AB at P.

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 72

Ans:

AP is a tangent to the circle from the point P and PMN is secant.

Therefore, AP
= 2
PM × PN -------(1)

Similarly, PB is tangent to the circle from point P and PMN is secant.

Therefore, PB
= 2
PM × PN --------(2)

From eq.(1) and (2)

AP 2 = PB 2
⇒ AP =
PB

Therefore, Line NM produced bisects AB at P.

15. In the given figure, ABCD is a cyclic-quadrilateral, PQ is tangent to the

circle at point C and BD is its diameter.

If ∠ DCQ = 40 and ∠ ABD = 60 , find :

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 73

(i) ∠ DBC

Ans: PQ is a tangent to the circle and DC is the chord.

∠DBC (Angles in alternate segments)

Therefore, ∠DCQ =

40
∴ ∠DBC =

(ii). ∠ BCP

Ans: Angle ∠DCB is subtended by diameter BD. The angle subtended by the
90
diameter is right angle. Therefore, ∠DCB =

PCQ is straight line.

∠DCQ + ∠DCB + ∠BCP =180

= 180 − 90 − 40
⇒ ∠BCP = 50

(iii). ∠ ADB

Ans: ∠DAB is subtended by the diameter BD. Therefore, ∠DAB =

90

By using angle sum property in ∆ABD ,

∠ADB + ∠ABD + ∠DAB =180

= 180 − 90 − 60
⇒ ∠ADB = 30

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 74

Thus the value of ∠ADB is 30 .

16. The given figure shows a circle with centre O and BCD is tangent to it at
C. Show that: ∠ ACD + ∠ BAC = 90 .

Ans: Join OC.

BCD is a tangent and OC is radius. Radius is perpendicular to the tangent.

Therefore, ∠OCB = 90

∠OCD =

∠OCA + ∠ACD = ∠OCD = 90 ----(1)

In ∆OCA

OC=OA (Radii of same circle)

Therefore, ∠OCA =
∠OAC --------(2)

From eq.(1) and (2)

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 75

∠OAC + ∠ACD =90

∠BAC + ∠ACD =90 (∵ ∠BAC =

∠OAC Angles b/w same line segments)

17. ABC is a right triangle with angle B = 90 . A circle with BC as diameter
meets hypotenuse AC at point D.Prove that :

(i). AC × AD =
AB 2

Ans:

In ∆ABC

∠B =90 and BC is the diameter of a circle.

Therefore, AB is tangent.

AB is tangent and ADC is secant.

Therefore, AB
= 2
AD × AC

(ii). BD
= 2
AD × DC .

Ans: In ∆ABD

By using exterior angle property,

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 76

∠BAD + ∠ABD = ∠BDC = 90 --------(1)

Now, In ∆ABC

∠A + ∠C =90

Since ∠A =∠BAD (Angles b/w same line segments)

Therefore, ∠BAD + ∠C =90 ------(2)

From eq. (1) and (2)

∠BAD + ∠C = ∠BAD + ∠ABD

⇒ ∠C = ∠ABD

Now in ∆ABD and ∆CBD

∠BDA = 90
∠BDC =

∠ABD =
∠C

BD=BD (common side)

Therefore, ∆ABD and ∆CBD are similar.

BD AD
=
CD BD

BD
= 2
AD × CD

18. In the given figure, AC=AE. Show that :

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 77

(i). CP = EP

Ans: In ∆ADC and ∆ABE

∠A =∠A (Common angle)

AC=AE (Given)

∠ACD =
∠AEB (Angles in same segments)

∴ ∆ADC   
≌∆ABE

Therefore, AB=AD

But AC=AE

∴ AC − AB = AE − AD

⇒ BC =
DE

In ∆BPC and ∆DPE

∠C =∠E (Alternate angles)

BC=DE

∠CBP =
∠CDE (Angles subtended by the same chord)

∆BPC ≅ ∆DPE

Therefore, CP=EP (C.P.C.T)

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 78

(ii). BP = DP

Ans: Since, ∆BPC ≅ ∆DPE

Therefore, BP = DP (C.P.C.T)

19. ABCDE is a cyclic pentagon with centre of its circumcircle at point O such
that AB=BC=CD and angle ABC = 120 . Calculate :

(i). ∠ BEC

Ans:

Given, AB=BC=CD and ∠ ABC = 120

Therefore, ∠=
ABC ∠=
BCD 120

OB and OC are the bisectors of ∠ABC and ∠BCD respectively.

∠OBC = 60
∠OCB =

In ∆OBC by using angle sum property,

∠OBC + ∠BOC + ∠OCB =180

= 180 − 60 − 60
⇒ ∠BOC = 60

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 79

In a circle, Angle at the centre is doubled the angle at the circumference subtended
by the same chord.

2∠BEC
Therefore, ∠BOC =

60
∠BEC = =30
2

(ii). ∠ BED

Ans: BCDE is cyclic quadrilateral and in a cyclic quadrilateral the sum of opposite
angles is 180

∠BED + ∠BCD =180

= 180 − 120
⇒ ∠BED = 60

Thus the value of ∠BED is 60 .

20. In the given figure, O is the centre of the circle. Tangents at A and B meet
at C. If ∠ ACO = 30 , find :

(i). ∠ BCO

(ii). ∠ AOB

(iii). ∠ APB

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 80

(i). ∠ BCO

Ans: In ∆OAC and ∆OBC

OC=OC (common side)

OA=OB (Radii of same circle)

AC=BC (Tangents to the circle from external point C)

∆OAC ≅ ∆OBC (SSS congruence criterion)

Therefore, ∠ACO = 30 .

∠BCO =

(ii). ∠ AOB

Ans: ∠ACB = ∠ACO + ∠BCO = 30 + 30 = 60

Sum of opposite angles in quadrilateral is 180

∠ACB + ∠AOB =180

= 180 − 60
⇒ ∠AOB = 120

(iii). ∠ APB

Ans: In a circle, Angle at the centre is doubled the angle at the circumference
subtended by the same chord.

2∠APB
∠AOB =

∠AOB 120
⇒ ∠APB
= = = 60
2 2

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 81

21. ABC is a triangle with AB=10cm, BC=8cm and AC=6cm (not drawn to
scale). There circles are drawn touching each other with the vertices as their
centres. Find the radii of the three circles.

Ans: Given,
= AC 6=
cm, AB 10=
cm, BC 8cm

Let PA=QA=x (Radii of circle having centre A)

CR=CQ=y (Radii of circle having centre C)

BP=BR=z (Radii of circle having centre B)

AC = AQ + QC = x + y = 6cm ---------------(1)

AB = AP + PB = x + z = 10cm --------------(2)

BC = BR + RC = z + y = 8cm ---------------(3)

On adding eq. (1), (2) and (3)

2( x + y + z ) =24cm

⇒ ( x + y + z) =
12cm ------(4)

Subtracting eq.(1) from (4)

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 82

z = 12 − 6 = 6cm

Subtracting eq.(2) from eq.(4)

y = 12 − 10 = 2cm

Subtracting eq.(3) from eq.(4)

x = 12 − 8 = 4cm

Therefore the radii of circles are 2cm, 4cm and 6cm.

22. In a square ABCD, its diagonals AC and BD intersect each other at point
O. The bisector of angle DAO meets BD at point M and the bisector of angle
ABD meets AC at N and AM at L. Show that :

(i). ∠ ONL + ∠ OML =

180

Ans:

ABCD is a square. Hence, All four angles are right angle and diagonals are also
intersect at 90

∠AOB = 90
∠AOD =

In ∆ANB by using angle sum property,

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 83

∠ANB + ∠ABN + ∠BAN =180

 45 
= 180 − 45 − 
⇒ ∠ANB
2  (NB is bisector of ∠ABO )
 

 45 
= 135 − 
⇒ ∠ANB 
 2 

Since, ∠ANB =
∠ONL (Vertically opposite angles)

 45 
Therefore, ∠ONL =135 −  
 --------(1)
 2 

Again, In ∆AOM by using angle sum property

∠AOM + ∠AMO + ∠OAM =180

 45   45 
= 180 − 90 −  =
⇒ ∠AMO 
 90 −  2  (AM is bisector of angle DAO)
 

 2   

 45 
= 90 − 
⇒ ∠AMO 
 -----------(2)
 2 

On adding eq. (1) and (2)

 45   45 
= 90 − 
∠AMO + ∠ONL  + 135
−  = 135 + 45=

180
 2   2 

Since, ∠AMO =
∠OML (Angles b/w same line segments)

Therefore, ∠OML + ∠ONL =180

(ii). ∠ BAM = ∠ BMA

 45  1
Ans: ∠BAM = ∠BAO + ∠OAM = 45 +   = 67
 2  2

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 84

By using angle sum property in ∆AOM

∠OAM + ∠OMA + ∠AOM =180

 45  1
∠OMA = 180 − 90 − 
 
 = 67
 2  2

1
Since, ∠BMA = 67 (Angles b/w same line segments)
∠OMA =
2

Therefore, ∠BMA =
∠BAM

(iii). ALOB is a cyclic quadrilateral.

Ans: ∠ABO + ∠ALO

= 45 + 90 + 45=

180

23. The given figure shows a semi-circle with centre O and diameter PQ. If
PA=AB and ∠ BCQ = 140 ; find measures of angles PAB and AQB. Also,
show that AO is parallel to BQ.

Ans: Join PB.

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 85

In cyclic quadrilateral PBCQ,

∠BCQ + ∠BPQ =180

∠BPQ = 180 − 140 = 40 ---------(1)

By using angle sum property in ∆PBQ

∠BPQ + ∠PBQ + ∠PQB =180

= 180 − 90 − 40
⇒ ∠PQB = 50

In cyclic quadrilateral PABQ,

∠PAB + ∠PQB =180

= 180 − 50
⇒ ∠PAB = 
130

Thus the value of ∠PAB is130 .

By using angle sum property in ∆PAB

∠PAB + ∠APB + ∠ABP =180

= 180 − 130
∠APB + ∠ABP = 
50

Given PA=AB

⇒ ∠APB = ∠ABP (opposite angles of equal sides)

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 86

Therefore, 2∠APB =50 ⇒ ∠APB =25

⇒ ∠APB = 25
∠ABP =

Angles at the circumference subtended by the same chord are equal.

∠APB = 25 (Angles subtended by the chord AB) -----(2)

∠AQB =

∠BPQ = 40 (Angles subtended by the chord BQ)

∠BAQ =

Now,

∠APQ = ∠APB + ∠BPQ ------(3)

From eq. (1), (2), and (3)

∠APQ = 25 + 40 = 65

Arc AQ subtends the angle ∠AOQ at the centre and ∠APQ at the circumference.

2 APQ =×
∠AOQ =∠ 2 65 =
130

By using angle sum property in ∆AOQ

∠AOQ + ∠OAQ + ∠OQA =180

= 180 − 130
⇒ ∠OAQ + ∠OQA

⇒ 2∠OAQ =50 (∵OA=OQ)

25 ------(4)
∠OAQ =

From eq.(2) and (4)

∠OAQ =
∠AQB

But these are alternate angles.

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 87

Therefore, AO||BQ

24. The given figure shows a circle with centre O such that chord RS is
parallel to chord QT. angle PRT = 20 and angle POQ = 100 , Calculate :

(i). Angle QTR

(ii). Angle QRP

(iii). Angle QRS

(iv). Angle STR

Ans: Join PQ, QR and ST

(i). Angle QTR

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 88

Ans: PR is a straight line.

∠POQ + ∠QOR =180

= 180 − 100
⇒ ∠QOR = 
80

In a circle, Angle at the centre is doubled the angle at the circumference subtended
by the same chord.

2∠QTR
∠QOR =

∠QOR 80
⇒ ∠QTR
= = = 40
2 2

(ii). Angle QRP

Ans: In a circle, Angle at the centre is doubled the angle at the circumference
subtended by the same chord.

2∠QRP
∠POQ =

∠POQ 100
∠QRP = = = 50
2 2

(iii). Angle QRS

Ans: Given, RS||QT

Therefore, ∠SRT =
∠QTR (Alternate angles)

40 (from ii part ∠QTR =

∠SRT = 40 )

Now, ∠QRS = ∠QRP + ∠PRT + ∠SRT

∠QRS = 50 + 20 + 40 = 110

(iv). Angle STR

Ans: QRST is a cyclic quadrilateral.

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 89

∠QRS + ∠QTS =180 (Sum of opposite angles)

∠QRS + ∠QTR + ∠STR =180

⇒ 110 + 40 + ∠STR =180

= 180 − 150
⇒ ∠STR = 
30

25. In the given figure, PAT is tangent to the circle with centre O, at point A
on its circumference and is parallel to chord BC. If CDQ is a line segment,
show that :

(i). ∠ BAP = ∠ ADQ

(ii). ∠ AOB = 2∠ ADQ

(iii). ∠ ADQ = ∠ ADB.

(i). ∠ BAP = ∠ ADQ

Ans: PAT||BC

Therefore, ∠PAB =
∠ABC (Alternate angles) -----------(1)

ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral. By using exterior angle property.

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 90

Ext. ∠ADQ =
∠ABC ----------(2)

From eq. (1) and (2)

∠PAB =
∠ADQ

(ii). ∠ AOB = 2∠ ADQ

Ans: In a circle, Angle at the centre is doubled the angle at the circumference
subtended by the same chord.

2∠ADB
∠AOB =

PAT is tangent and AB is chord.

Hence, ∠PAB =
∠ADB (Angles in alternate segments)

From (i) part, ∠PAB =

∠ADQ

⇒ ∠ADQ = ∠ADB

2∠ADQ
Therefore, ∠AOB =

(iii). ∠ ADQ = ∠ ADB

Ans: ∵ ∠PAB =
∠ADB (Angles in alternate segments)

∠ADQ (From i part)

∠PAB =

Therefore, ∠ADQ =
∠ADB

26. AB is a line segment and M is its mid-point. Three semi-circle are drawn
with AM, MB and AB as diameters on the same side of the line AB. A circle
with radius r unit is drawn so that it touches all the three semi-circles. Show
that : AB= 6 × r .

Ans: Join OP and OQ.

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 91

OR=OS=r

AB
And, AP
= PM
= MQ
= QB
=
4

AB
Now, OP =+
r PR =+
r ( = = AP radii of same circle)
PR PM
4

AB
Similarly, OP =+
r SQ =+
r
4

AB
Now, OM = LM − OL = −r
2

In ∠OPM by using pythagoras theorem,

OP
= 2
PM 2 + OM 2
2 2 2
 AB   AB   AB 
⇒ r + =
   + −r
 4   4   2 

AB 2 rAB AB 2 AB 2
⇒r +2
+ = + + r 2 − rAB
16 2 16 4

rAB AB 2
⇒ = − rAB
2 4

AB 2 rAB
⇒ = + rAB
4 2

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 92

 AB 2 3rAB
⇒ =
4 2

AB
⇒ 3r
=
2

6r
⇒ AB =

Hence, AB= 6 × r

27. TA and TB are tangents to a circle with centre O from an external point T.
OT intersects the circle at point P. Prove that AP bisects the angle TAB.

Ans: Join PB.

In ∆TAP and ∆TBP

TA=TB (Given)

PT=PT (common sides)

∠BTP (OT inclined equally with AT and BT)

∠ATP =

∆ATP ≌∆BTP (SAS congruence criterion)

Therefore, ∠TAP =
∠TBP (C.P.C.T) ------(1)

∠BAP (Angles in alternate segments) ------(2)

And, ∠TBP =

From eq. (1) and (2)

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 93

∠TAP =
∠BAP

Thus AP bisects the angle TAB.

28. Two circles intersect in points P and Q. A secant passing through P

intersects the circles in A and B respectively. Tangents to the circles at A and
B intersect at T. Prove that A, Q, B and T lie on a circle.

Ans: Join PQ.

TA is a tangent and AP is a chord.

∴∠TAP = ∠AQP (Angles in alternate segments) ---------(1)

Similarly, ∠TBP =
∠PQB (Angles in alternate segments) -------(2)

On adding eq.(1) and (2)

∠TAP + ∠TBP = ∠AQP + ∠PQB

⇒ ∠TAP + ∠TBP = ∠AQB

Now by using angle sum property in ∆TAB

∠TAP + ∠TBP + ∠ATB =180

∠ATB + ∠AQB =180

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 94

The sum of opposite angles is 180 . Therefore, ATBQ is a cyclic quadrilateral.

Thus A, Q, B and T lie on a circle.

29. Prove that any four vertices of a regular pentagon are concyclic (lie on the
same circle).

Ans:

ABCDE is a regular pentagon.

Therefore,
n−2 3
∠ABC =
∠BCD =
∠CDE = ∠BAE = (180 ) =
∠DEA = × 180 =
108
n 2

In ∆AED

AE=ED (Sides of a regular pentagon)

∴∠EAD = ∠EDA

By using angle sum property in ∆EAD

∠EAD + ∠EDA + ∠AED =180

⇒ 2∠EAD + 108 =180

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 95

⇒ 2∠EAD =72

⇒ ∠EAD =36

Since, ∠EAD =
∠EDA

∴∠EDA = 36

Now, ∠BAD = ∠BAE − ∠DAE = 108 − 36 = 72

In quadrilateral ABCD,

= 108 + 72
∠BAD + ∠BCD = 
180

The sum of opposite angles is 180 . Therefore ABCD is cyclic quadrilateral.

30. Chords AB and CD of a circle when extended meet at point X. Given

AB=4cm, BX=6cm and XD=5cm, calculate the length of the CD.

Ans:

We know that,

XA. XB = XC. XD

⇒ ( XB + AB ) . XB = ( CD + XD ) . XD

⇒ ( 6 + 4 ) . 6= ( CD + 5).5
= 5.( CD + 5 )
⇒ 60

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 96

⇒ 12= ( CD + 5)
7cm
⇒ CD =

Therefore the length of the CD is 7cm.

31. In the given figure, find TP if AT=16cm and AB=12cm.

Ans: TP is tangent and ABT is secant.

TP=
2
TA × TB

⇒ TP 2 = 16 (16 − 12 ) (∵TB=TA-AB)

⇒ TP 2 = 16 × 4 = 64

(8)
2
⇒ TP 2 =

8cm
⇒ TP =

Therefore, TP=8cm.

32. In the following figure, a circle is inscribed in the quadrilateral ABCD.

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 97

If BC=38cm, QB=27cm, DC=25cm and that AD is perpendicular to DC, find
the radius of the circle.

Ans: From figure, BQ=BR (tangents to the circle from external point)

Since, BR = 27cm
= BQ

∴ CR=BC-BR=38-27=11cm

Again, CR=CS=11cm (tangents to the circle from external point)

Since, DC=25cm

∴ DS=DC-CS=25-11=14cm

Similarly, DP=DS=14cm (tangents to the circle from external point)

Now, In quadrilateral DSOP,

90
∠PDS =

90 (Radius is perpendicular to tangent through the point of contact)

∠OPD =

Therefore, DSOP is a parallelogram

Thus OP||DS and DP||OS

Now, OP=OS (Radii of same circle)

Therefore, OPDS is a square.

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 98

So, DS=OP=14cm.

Hence the radius of the circle is 14cm.

33. In the given figure, XY is the diameter of the circle and PQ is a tangent to
the circle Y.

If ∠ AXB = 50 and ∠ ABX = 70 , find ∠ BAY and ∠ APY .

Ans: By using angle sum property in ∆AXB

∠AXB + ∠XAB + ∠XBA =180

= 180 − 50 − 70
⇒ ∠XAB = 
60

Angle at the circumference subtended by the diameter is the right angle.

90
Therefore, ∠XAY =

Since, ∠XAY = ∠XAB + ∠BAY

⇒ ∠XAB + ∠BAY =90

= 90 − 60=
⇒ ∠BAY 
30

Angles subtended by the same chord on circumference are equal.

Therefore, ∠BXY = 30 (Subtended by same chord BY)

∠BAY =

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 99

By using external angle property,

∠ACX = ∠BXC + ∠CBX

⇒ ∠ACX = ∠BXY + ∠ABX = 30 + 70 = 100 [ ∠BXC = ∠BXY and

∠CBX =∠ABX angles b/w same line segments are equal]

⇒ ∠ACX =100

90 (Diameter⊥tangent)
And, ∠XYP =

By using exterior angle property,

∠ACX = ∠CPY + ∠CYP

⇒ 100 =
∠CPY + 90

= 100 − 90
⇒ ∠CPY = 
10

∠CPY =
∠APY (Angles b/w same line segments)

10 .
Therefore, ∠APY =

34. In the given figure, QAP is the tangent at point A and PBD is a straight
line.

If ∠ ACB = 36 and ∠ APB = 42 , find :

(i). ∠ BAP

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 100

Ans: PAQ is a tangent and AB is a chord of the circle.

Therefore, ∠BAP = 36 (Angles in alternate segments)

∠ACB =

Thus the value of ∠BAP is 36 .

(ii). ∠ ABD

Ans: By using exterior angle property in ∆APB

ext. ∠ABD = ∠BAP + ∠APB

= 36 + 42= 78

⇒ ∠ABD

Thus the value of ∠ABD is 78

(iii). ∠ QAD

Ans: PAQ is a straight line and AD is the chord of the circle.

∠QAD = 78 (Angles in alternate segments)

∠ABD =

Thus the value of ∠QAD is 78

(iv). ∠ BCD

Ans: ∠ACD = 78 (Angles subtended by same chord AD)

∠ABD =

Now, ∠BCD = 36 + 78 =

∠ACB + ∠ACD = 114

Thus the value of ∠BCD is 114

35. In the given figure, AB is the diameter. The tangent at C meets AB produced at
Q.

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 101

 34 , find :
If ∠CAB =

(i). ∠CBA

Ans: In a circle, Angle at the circumference subtended by the diameter is right

angle. Here angle ∠ACB is subtended by the diameter of the circle. Hence,
∠ACB = 90

Now by using angle sum property in ∆ABC

∠ACB + ∠CBA + ∠BAC =180

∠CBA = 180 − 34 − 90 = 56

(ii). ∠CQB

Ans: QC is a tangent and BC is a chord.

Therefore, ∠QCB =
∠CAB (Angles in alternate segments)

⇒ ∠QCB =34

ABC is a straight line, Hence ∠CBA + ∠CBQ =180 (linear pairs)

= 180 − 56
⇒ ∠CBQ = 
56 )
124 (from i part ∠CBA =

By using angle sum property in ∆BCQ ,

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 102

∠CQB + ∠QCB + ∠CBQ =180

∠CQB = 180 − 124 − 34 = 22

36. In the given figure, O is the centre of the circle. The tangents at B and D
intersect at B and D intersect each other at point P.

If AB is parallel to CD and ∠ ABC = 55 , find:

(i). ∠ BOD

Ans: Since, AB||CD ⇒ ∠ABC = ∠BCD = 55 (Alternate angles)

In a circle, Angle at the centre is twice the angle at the circumference subtended by
the same chord.

2 BCD =×
Therefore, ∠BOD =∠ 2 55 =
110 (Angles subtended by chord BD)

(ii). ∠ BPD

Ans: Here PB and PD are the tangents drawn from point P and OB and OD are
radius which are perpendicular to the tangents. Hence, ∠OBP =∠ODP = 90

BPDO is a quadrilateral,

Therefore, ∠OBP + ∠ODP + ∠BOD + ∠BPD =360

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 103

∠BPD = 360 − 180 − 110 = 70

37. In the following figure, PQ=QR, ∠ RQP = 68 , PC and CQ are tangents to
the circle with centre O.

Calculate the values of :

(i). ∠QOP

Ans: Since, PQ=PR

⇒ ∠PRQ = ∠QPR (Opposite angles of equal sides)

By using angle sum property in ∆PQR

∠PRQ + ∠QPR + ∠PQR =180

⇒ 2∠PRQ
= 180 − 68=

112

⇒ ∠PRQ =56

In a circle, Angle at centre is doubled the angle at the circumference subtended by

the same chord.

Now, ∠QOP =2.∠PRQ =×

2 56 =
112

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 104

(ii). ∠QCP

Ans: PC is a tangent and PQ is a chord.

Therefore, ∠PQC = 56 (Angles in alternate segments)

∠PRQ =

Similarly, ∠QPC = 56 (Angles in alternate segments)

∠PRQ =

By using angle sum property in ∆QPC ,

∠QCP + ∠QPC + ∠PQC =180

= 180 − 56 − 56
⇒ ∠QCP = 
68

38. In two circles, prove that all the chords of the outer circle, which touch the
inner circle, are of equal length.

Ans:

Consider the following two concentric circles with centres o.

Let AB and CD are two chords of the outer circle and touch the inner circle at
point M and N respectively.

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 105

We have to prove the chords are equal, that means AB=CD.

We join points OM, OB, ON, OD.

Here OM and ON are the radius of the inner circle. Let the radius is r.

So, OM=ON=r

Similarly , Let R is the radius of the outer circle. OB=OD=R

AB is tangent to the inner circle and OM is radius and we know that the radius is
perpendicular to the tangent.

OM ⊥ AB

1
⇒ BM =× AB
2

2 BM
⇒ AB =

Similarly, ON ⊥ CD

2 DN
⇒ CD =

By using pythagoras theorem in ∆OBM and ∆ODN

OB
= 2
OM 2 + BM 2

⇒ BM = R 2 − r 2

⇒ AB= 2 BM = 2 R 2 − r 2 ------------(1)

And, OD
= 2
ON 2 + ND 2

⇒ ND 2 = OD 2 − ON 2

⇒ ND = R2 − r 2

⇒ CD = 2 ND = 2 R 2 − r 2 ----------(2)

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 106

From eq. (1) and (2)

AB=CD (Hence proved)

39. In the figure, given below, AC is a transverse common tangent to two

circles with centres P and Q and of radii 6cm and 3cm respectively.

Given that AB=8cm, calculate PQ.

Ans:

Since AC is tangent to the circle with centre P at point A.

90
Therefore, ∠PAB =

Similarly, ∠QCB =
90

In ∆PAB   
and ∆BCQ

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 107

∠PAB = 90
∠QCB =

∠QBC (Vertically opposite angles)

∠PBA =

Therefore, ∆PAB ∼ ∆BCQ

PA PB
= --------------(i)
QC QB

By using pythagoras theorem in ∆PAB and ∆BCQ

PB 2 =AB 2 + AP 2 =6 2 + 82

PB = 82 + 6 2 = 64 + 36 = 10 cm -------------(ii)

From (i) and (ii)

6 10
=
3 QB

QB = 5cm

Now, PQ = PB + BQ = 10 + 5 = 15cm

40. In the figure, given below, O is the centre of the circumcircle of triangle
XYZ.

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 108

Tangents at X and Y intersect at point T. Given ∠ XTY = 80 and
∠ XOZ = 140 , calculate the value of ∠ ZXY .

Ans: Join the points OY.

In the above figure, the circle is the circumcircle of triangle XYZ.

140
Given, ∠XOZ =

80
Tangents X and Y are intersecting at point T such that ∠XTY =

∠XOY + ∠XTY =180

∠XOY = 180 − 80 = 100

Now, ∠XOY + ∠YOZ + ∠XOZ =360 (Angles at the centre)

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 109

 = 360 − 140 − 100
⇒ ∠YOZ = 120

In a circle, Angle at the centre is doubled the angle at the circumference subtended
by the same chord.

2.∠ZXY
Therefore, ∠ZOY =

∠ZOY 120
∠ZXY = = = 60
2 2

41. In the given figure, AE and BC intersect each other at point D.

If ∠ CDE = 90 , AB=5cm, BD=4cm and CD=9cm, find AE.

Ans: Since ADB is a right angle triangle,

By using pythagoras theorem.

AD
= AB 2 − BD 2

⇒ AD = 52 − 42 = 3cm

Since, two chords AE and BC intersect at point D.

AD × DE = BD × CD

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 110

⇒ 3 × DE = 4 × 9

12
⇒ DE =

Hence, AE =AD + DE =3 + 12 =15cm

42. In the given circle with centre O, angle ABC=100 , ∠ ACD = 40 and CT is
a tangent to the circle at C. Find ∠ ADC and ∠ DCT .

Ans: ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral and in a cyclic quadrilateral the sum of

opposite angles is 180 .

∠ABC + ∠ADC =180

∠ADC = 180 − 100 = 80

By using angle sum property in ∆ADC

∠ADC + ∠ACD + ∠CAD =180

∠CAD = 180 − 80 − 40 = 60

CT is a tangent and AC is diameter,

Therefore, ∠DCT = 60 (Angles in alternate segments)

∠CAD =

60 and ∠DCT =

Thus the value of ∠CAD = 60 .

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 111

43. In the figure given below, O is the centre of the circle and SP is a tangent.
If ∠ SRT = 65 , find the values of x, y and z.

Ans: TS is diameter and PS is tangent.

90
Therefore, ∠TSR =

By using angle sum property in ∆TSR ,

∠TSR + ∠TRS + x =180

x = 180 − 65 − 90 = 25

Angle at the centre is doubled the angle at the circumference subtended by the
same Arc.

Therefore, y=2x

2 25 =
y =× 50

By using angle sum property in ∆POS

90 + y + z =
180

z 180 − 90 − 50=

⇒= '
40

Hence,
= x 25
=
, y 50
= 
, z 40 .

Class X Mathematics www.vedantu.com 112