NATURAL SCIENCE

II
THE SOLAR SYSTEM
The Solar System is made up
of all the planets that
orbit our Sun.

In addition to planets, the

Solar System also consists
of moons, comets,
asteroids, minor planets,
dust and gas.
QUESTION.
Which of these planets is a
minor planet?

a. Earth

b. Mercury

c. Pluto

d. Mars
ORBIT
An orbit is a regular,
repeating path that one
object in space takes
around another one
An object in an orbit is
called a satellite. A
satellite can be natural,
like Earth or the moon.
.
ORBIT
An orbit is a regular,
repeating path that one
object in space takes
around another one
An object in an orbit is
called a satellite. A
satellite can be natural,
like Earth or the moon.
Many planets have moons
that orbit them.
.
SPACE STATION
A satellite can also be
man-made, like the
International Space
Station.
The International Space
Station is a large
spacecraft in orbit around
Earth.
ORBITAL PLANE
An orbital plane is the
flat, disk-shaped space
that connects the center of
the object.
Because all planets in our
solar system share a
similar orbital plane,
planets don't run in to
each other.
QUESTION.
On which planets do people
live?

a. Earth

b. Mercury

c. Pluto

d. Mars
PLANETS
The solar system has eight
planets:
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune.
MERCURY
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun and the
smallest planet in our
solar system.
It is known for its high
density and has a large
metallic core that makes it
the second densest planet
after Earth.
VENUS
Venus is the second planet
from the Sun.
It is a terrestrial planet
and is the closest in mass
and size to its orbital
neighbor Earth.
VENUS
VENUS
VENUS
EARTH
Earth is a rocky,
terrestrial planet.
It has a solid and active
surface with mountains,
valleys, canyons, plains
and so much more.
Earth is special because it
is an ocean planet.
MARS
Mars is the fourth planet
from the Sun. The surface
of Mars is orange-red
because it is covered in
iron oxide dust, giving it
the nickname "the Red
Planet".
Mars is among the brightest
objects in Earth's sky.
JUPITER
Jupiter is the fifth planet
from the Sun. A gas giant,
it is the largest in the
Solar System.
Jupiter's mass is more than
two and a half times that
of all the other planets in
the Solar System combined.
SATURN
Saturn is the sixth planet
from the Sun and the second
largest in the Solar
System, after Jupiter.
It is a gas giant, with an
average radius of about
nine and a half times that
of Earth.
URANUS
Uranus is the seventh
planet from the Sun. It is
a gaseous cyan-coloured ice
giant.
Most of the planet is made
of water, ammonia, and
methane in a supercritical
phase of matter, which
astronomy calls "ice" or
volatiles.
NEPTUNE
Neptune is the eighth and
farthest known planet from
the Sun.
It is the fourth-largest
planet in the Solar System
by diameter, the third-
most-massive planet, and
the densest giant planet.
PLUTO
Pluto is now classified as
a dwarf planet because,
while it is large enough to
have become spherical.
It is not big enough to
exert its orbital dominance
and clear the neighborhood
surrounding its orbit.
QUESTION.
Which planets don't have
moons?

a. Earth and Jupiter

b. Mercury and Venus

c. Pluto and Uranus

d. Mars and Saturn

MOONS
The Moon is Earth's only
natural satellite. It
orbits at an average
distance of 384,400 km.
Earth's moon, the longest
known of all, was given the
name "Selene" by the Greeks
and "Luna" by the Romans,
each a goddess.
MOONS
Mercury - No Moon
Venus - No Moon
Earth - 1 Moon
Mars - 2 Moons
Jupiter - 95 Moons
Saturn - 146 Moons
Uranus - 28 Moons
Neptune - 16 Moons
Pluto - 5 Moons
MOONS
According to the NASA
(National Aeronautics and
Space Administration)/JPL
(Jet Propulsion Laboratory)
Solar System Dynamics team,
the current tally of moons
orbiting planets in our
solar system is 293.
MOONS
The eight phases of the
Earth’s Moon in order are:
new moon
waxing crescent
first quarter
waxing gibbous
full moon
waning gibbous
last quarter
waning crescent
NEW MOON
The new moon is the first
lunar phase, when the Moon
and Sun have the same
ecliptic longitude.
At this phase, the lunar
disk is not visible to the
naked eye.
WAXING CRESCENT
This silver sliver of a
Moon occurs when the
illuminated half of the
Moon faces mostly away from
Earth, with only a tiny
portion visible to us from
our planet.
FIRST QUARTER
The moon is 90 degrees
away from the sun in the
sky and is half-illuminated
from our point of view.
We call it "first quarter"
because the moon has
traveled about a quarter of
the way around Earth since
the new moon.
WAXING GIBBOUS
A waxing gibbous moon is in
the sky when darkness
falls.
It lights up the early
evening.
It appears more than half
lighted, but less than
full.
FULL MOON
The full moon is the lunar
phase when the Moon appears
fully illuminated from
Earth's perspective.
This occurs when Earth is
located between the Sun and
the Moon.
WANING GIBBOUS
Waning Gibbous: The waning
gibbous phase is between a
full moon and a half moon.
Waning means it is getting
smaller.
LAST QUARTER
The Moon looks like it's
half illuminated from the
perspective of Earth, but
really you're seeing half
of the half of the Moon
that's illuminated by the
Sun.
A last quarter moon, also
known as a third quarter
moon.
WANING CRESCENT
The Waning Crescent is the
eighth and final phase in
the cycle of phases.
This Moon phase occurs once
a month, rising around 3
AM, and setting around 3
PM, sticking around for
approximately 7.38 days
before going into the New
Moon phase.
COMETS
Comets are cosmic snowballs
of frozen gases, rock, and
dust that orbit the Sun.
When frozen, they are the
size of a small town. When
a comet's orbit brings it
close to the Sun, it heats
up and spews dust and
gases.
ASTEROIDS
Asteroids, sometimes called
minor planets, are rocky,
airless remnants left over
from the early formation of
our solar system about 4.6
billion years ago. Most
asteroids can be found
orbiting the Sun between
Mars and Jupiter within the
main asteroid belt.
QUESTION.
What caused the dinosaurs to
be wiped out?

a. Flu

b. Comets

c. Asteroids

d. Rain
ASTEROIDS
Sixty-six-million years
ago, a nearly nine-mile-
wide asteroid collided with
Earth, sparking a mass
extinction that wiped out
most dinosaurs and three-
quarters of the planet's
plant and animal species.
MINOR PLANETS
According to the
International Astronomical
Union, a minor planet is an
astronomical object in
direct orbit around the Sun
that is exclusively
classified as neither a
planet nor a comet.
MINOR PLANETS
Some examples of Minor Planets
are:

Ceres
Pluto
Eris
Haumea
Makemake
DUST AND GAS
A nebula is a giant cloud
of dust and gas in space.
Some nebulae come from the
gas and dust thrown out by
the explosion of a dying
star, such as a supernova.
For this reason, some
nebulae are called "star
nurseries."
15 MINUTES STUDY!
QUIZ NO.1 (2MINS. 25SECS)
1. ______ is 90 degrees away from the sun in the sky.
2. Asteroids, sometimes called ______.
3. Most asteroids can be found orbiting the Sun
between Mars and Jupiter within the main ______.
4. How many moons does Saturn have?
5. ______ is the smallest planet in our solar system.
6-8. Comets are cosmic snowballs of ______, ______,
and ______ that orbit the Sun.
9. ______ is the eighth and final phase in the cycle
of phases.
QUIZ NO.1 (4 MINS & 50 SECS.)
10-17. Enumerate the eight Phases of the Moon. (In
Order)
18-22. Enumerate the five Dwarf Planets.
23. _____ is made up of all the planets that orbit our
Sun.
24. _____ is a gaseous cyan-coloured ice giant.
25. _____ is the first lunar phase, when the Moon and
Sun have the same ecliptic longitude.
26. Uranus is made of _____, _____, and _____.
27. How many moons does the eight planets have?
QUIZ NO.1 (3 MINS.)
28-35. Enumerate the eight planets in the solar
system.
36._____ is the flat, disk-shaped space that connects
the center of the object.
37._____ is a large spacecraft in orbit around Earth.
38-39. Enumerate the two types of satellite.
40.What does NASA stand for?