MANUFACTURER’S DATA BHT-412-MD-4

Section 1
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
1
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Paragraph Page
Subject Number Number
Introduction ............................................................................................ 1-1 ........... 1-3
Helicopter Description........................................................................... 1-2 ........... 1-3
Principal Dimensions ........................................................................ 1-2-A ....... 1-3
Location References.......................................................................... 1-2-B ....... 1-3
Fuselage Stations .......................................................................... 1-2-B-1 .... 1-3
Waterlines ....................................................................................... 1-2-B-2 .... 1-3
Buttock Lines ................................................................................. 1-2-B-3 .... 1-3
General Arrangement ............................................................................ 1-3 ........... 1-3
Crew Compartment............................................................................ 1-3-A ....... 1-4
Crew Seats.......................................................................................... 1-3-B ....... 1-4
Passenger/Cargo Compartment ....................................................... 1-3-C ....... 1-4
Passenger Seats ................................................................................ 1-3-D ....... 1-4
Tie-downs and Equipment Fittings .................................................. 1-3-E ....... 1-4
Baggage Compartment ..................................................................... 1-3-F........ 1-4
Instrument Panel and Console ......................................................... 1-3-G ....... 1-5
Rotor Systems........................................................................................ 1-4 ........... 1-5
Main Rotor .......................................................................................... 1-4-A ....... 1-5
Tail Rotor ............................................................................................ 1-4-B ....... 1-5
Overtorque Warning System ................................................................ 1-5 ........... 1-6
Transmission.......................................................................................... 1-6 ........... 1-6
Power Plant ............................................................................................ 1-7 ........... 1-6
Fuel System............................................................................................ 1-8 ........... 1-6
Description — Mechanical ................................................................ 1-8-A ....... 1-6
Cell Vents............................................................................................ 1-8-B ....... 1-6A
Fuel Transfer and Filling ................................................................... 1-8-C ....... 1-7
Engine Feed System.......................................................................... 1-8-D ....... 1-7
Fuel Quantity System ........................................................................ 1-8-E ....... 1-7
Fuel System Controls ........................................................................ 1-8-F........ 1-7
Description — Electrical.................................................................... 1-8-G ....... 1-8
Caution Lights.................................................................................... 1-8-H ....... 1-9
Electrical Systems ................................................................................. 1-9 ........... 1-10
DC Electrical System ......................................................................... 1-9-A ....... 1-10
AC Electrical System ......................................................................... 1-9-B ....... 1-11
Hydraulic System................................................................................... 1-10 ......... 1-11
Flight Control System............................................................................ 1-11 ......... 1-12
Force Trim System............................................................................. 1-11-A ..... 1-12
Force Trim Controls........................................................................... 1-11-B ..... 1-13

Export Classification C, ECCN EAR99 11 JAN 2013 Rev. 5 1-1

BHT-412-MD-4 MANUFACTURER’S DATA

TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONT)

Paragraph Page
Subject Number Number
Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS)............................................ 1-12......... 1-13
AFCS Controls ................................................................................... 1-12-A ..... 1-13
AFCS Control Panel....................................................................... 1-12-A-1.. 1-13
Force Trim Switch.......................................................................... 1-12-A-2.. 1-14
Force Trim Release Button ........................................................... 1-12-A-3.. 1-14
Attitude Trim Switch ...................................................................... 1-12-A-4.. 1-14
AFCS Indicators................................................................................. 1-12-B ..... 1-14
Force Trim Caution Light .............................................................. 1-12-B-1.. 1-14
Actuator Position Indicators......................................................... 1-12-B-2.. 1-15
AL-300 Air Data Display ................................................................ 1-12-B-3.. 1-15
Attitude and Heading System........................................................... 1-12-C ..... 1-15
Tarsyn Gyro Installation (S/N 36087 to 36247) ............................ 1-12-C-1.. 1-15
Attitude and Heading Reference System (AHRS)
(S/N 36248 and Subsequent) ........................................................ 1-12-C-2.. 1-16
Pitot-static System ................................................................................ 1-13......... 1-18
Auxiliary Systems.................................................................................. 1-14......... 1-18
Heating System.................................................................................. 1-14-A ..... 1-18
Ventilating System............................................................................. 1-14-B ..... 1-18
Lighting System................................................................................. 1-14-C ..... 1-18
Interior Lighting ............................................................................. 1-14-C-1.. 1-18
Exterior Lighting ............................................................................ 1-14-C-2.. 1-19
Windshield Wipers............................................................................. 1-14-D ..... 1-19
Intercommunication System............................................................. 1-14-E ..... 1-19
Rotor Brake ........................................................................................ 1-14-F ..... 1-19
Emergency Equipment.......................................................................... 1-15......... 1-19
Fire Detection..................................................................................... 1-15-A ..... 1-20
Engine Fire Extinguishing System................................................... 1-15-B ..... 1-20
Portable Fire Extinguishers .............................................................. 1-15-C ..... 1-20
First Aid Kit ........................................................................................ 1-15-D ..... 1-20
Emergency Exits................................................................................ 1-15-E ..... 1-20
Door Jettison.................................................................................. 1-15-E-1 .. 1-20
Window Jettison ............................................................................ 1-15-E-2 .. 1-20
Voice/Flight Data Recorder................................................................... 1-16......... 1-20

FIGURES

Figure Page
Subject Number Number
Principal Dimensions ............................................................................ 1-1........... 1-21
Instrument Panel.................................................................................... 1-2........... 1-22
Collective Control Panel ....................................................................... 1-3........... 1-25
Pedestal .................................................................................................. 1-4........... 1-26
Hourmeter Panel .................................................................................... 1-5........... 1-27

1-2 Rev. 3 17 JUN 2008

MANUFACTURER’S DATA BHT-412-MD-4

FIGURES (CONT)

Figure Page
Subject Number Number
Overhead Console ................................................................................. 1-6 ........... 1-28
Fuel System............................................................................................ 1-7 ........... 1-31
Fuel Burn Sequence .............................................................................. 1-8 ........... 1-33
DC Electrical System ............................................................................. 1-9 ........... 1-34
AC Electrical System ............................................................................. 1-10 ......... 1-35

TABLES

Table Page
Subject Number Number
DC Electrical System Bus Loading
(Non-essential Buses) ........................................................................... 1-1 ........... 1-36
DC Electrical System Bus Loading
(Essential Buses) ................................................................................... 1-2 ........... 1-36
DC Electrical System Bus Loading
(Emergency Bus) ................................................................................... 1-3 ........... 1-38
DC Electrical Controls ........................................................................... 1-4 ........... 1-39
AC Electrical System Bus Loading ...................................................... 1-5 ........... 1-40

17 JUN 2008 Rev. 3 1-2A/1-2B

MANUFACTURER’S DATA BHT-412-MD-4

Section 1
SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION

1-1. INTRODUCTION of the helicopter. Station zero is the reference

datum plane and is 20 inches (508 mm) aft of
The helicopter, its primary and auxiliary the nose of the helicopter.
systems, and emergency equipment are
described within this section. 1-2-B-2. WATERLINES

1-2. HELICOPTER Wa t e r l i n e s ( W L ) a r e h o r i z o n t a l p l a n e s
DESCRIPTION perpendicular to and measured along the
vertical axis of the helicopter. Waterline zero is
The Bell Helicopter Textron 412 is a twin a reference plane located 7.4 inches (188 mm)
engine, fifteen-place helicopter with a single below the lowest point on the fuselage.
four-bladed main rotor system and a tail rotor
to provide directional control. 1-2-B-3. BUTTOCK LINES

The airframe is a semi-monocoque structure B u t t o ck l i n e s ( B L ) a r e v e r t i c a l p l a n e s

with metal and fiberglass covering. Two perpendicular to, and measured to the left and
lo ngitudinal main beams and the pylon right of the longitudinal centerline (BL 0) of
support structure provide primary support. the helicopter.

Skid type landing gear is affixed below the 1-3. GENERAL

fuselage. Optional skid-mounted emergency
pop-out flotation gear is available.
ARRANGEMENT
The fuselage forward section contains the
1-2-A. PRINCIPAL DIMENSIONS nose compartment for electrical and avionics
e qu i pm en t , th e cr ew c o m p a r tm en t , th e
Principal exterior dimensions are shown in
passenger/cargo compartment, and the lower
Figure 1-1. All height dimensions must be
fuel cells. The center section incorporates the
considered approximate due to variations in
transmission compartment, the pylon support
loading and landing gear deflection.
structure, and the upper fuel cells. The aft
section of the fuselage houses the left and
1-2-B. LOCATION REFERENCES right engines, the combining gearbox and oil
coolers, and has compartments for avionics,
Locations on and within the helicopter can be
A FC S c om p u ters , ble ed air h ea ter, an d
determined in relation to fuselage stations,
optional equipment components.
waterlines, and buttock lines measured in
inches from known reference points. The tailboom is attached to the aft end of the
fuselage and supports the tail rotor and drive
1-2-B-1. FUSELAGE STATIONS train, ver tical fin , ho rizontal stabiliz er/
e l e v a t o r, a n d t a i l s k i d . A b a g g a g e
Fuselage stations (FS or sta.) are vertical compartment is located in the forward end of
planes measured along the longitudinal axis the tailboom.

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1-3-A. CREW COMPARTMENT 1-3-D. PASSENGER SEATS

The crew compartment, or cockpit, is the The passenger seats are arranged in a front
forward part of the cabin. The pilot station is row of four seats facing aft, another row of
on the right side, and the copilot/forward five seats facing forward, and a pair of seats
passenger station is on the left. facing outboard on either side of the pylon
support structure. All seats are equipped with
The instrument panel (Figure 1-2) extends l a p s e a t b e lt s a n d s h o u ld e r h a rn e s s e s
across the front of the cockpit and is tilted equipped with inertia reels, and are designed
forward slightly for more direct viewing of the for energy attenuation to absorb vertical
instruments. An overhead console is centered impact loads in event of a hard landing.
on the cabin ceiling, and a floor mounted
pedestal is located between the crew seats. 1-3-E. TIEDOWNS AND
EQUIPMENT FITTINGS
Crew doors are on each side for easy entry.
Large glass windshields and clear acrylic Fifty five tiedown rings and 89 studs are
windows in the crew doors, roof, and lower recessed into the cabin deck for securing
nose area allow good visibility from crew internal cargo, passenger seats, and other
stations. optional equipment kits such as internal hoist,
litters, etc. Fourteen additional studs are
1-3-B. CREW SEATS incorporated into the cabin roof for
attachment of optional equipment.
The pilot and copilot seats are designed for
energy attenuation to absorb vertical impact The deck mounted tiedown fittings have
loads in event of hard landing. Adjustment airframe structural capacity of 1250 pounds
ha n d le s lo c at ed be n e at h th e r ig h t sid e (567.0 kg) vertical and 500 pounds (226.8 kg)
permits adjustment of 4.0 inches (10.2 cm) horizontal per fitting.
ver tically and 4.5 inches (11.4 cm)
longitudinally. Each crew seat is equipped Provisions for installation of cargo tiedown
with a lap seatb elt and a d ual sh oulder fittings are incorporated in the aft cabin
harness with inertia reel, which locks in the bulkhead and transmission support structure.
event of rapid deceleration. Each tiedown point has an airframe structural
capacity of 1250 pounds (567.0 kg) at 90
1-3-C. PASSENGER/CARGO degrees to the bulkhead and 500 pounds
COMPARTMENT (226.8 kg) in any direction parallel to the
bulkhead.
The aft area of the cabin contains a space of
220 cubic feet (6.2 m2) for passengers and/or 1-3-F. BAGGAGE
internal cargo. Thirteen passengers can be COMPARTMENT
accommodated when the optional passenger
seat kit is installed. The baggage compartment is located in the
fo r w a rd e n d o f th e ta i lb o o m a n d h a s a
A large sliding door and a hinged panel on c a p a c it y o f 2 8 c u b i c fe e t ( 0 .8 m 2 ) . T h e
each side of the cabin provide easy access to compartment can carry up to 400 pounds
the passenger/cargo compartment. Large (181 kg) of baggage or other cargo, which can
acrylic windows in the doors provide good be secured using the 20 tiedown fittings
visibility. provided.

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MANUFACTURER’S DATA BHT-412-MD-4

The floor of the baggage compartment has The pedestal (Figure 1-4) contains avionics
four separate rows of footman loops at Boom control heads and engine and flight control
Stations (BS) 18, 45, 73, and 101. Each of system switches. A stowage compartment for
these rows contains three footman loops that the helicopter logbook, maps, and other data
have the following safe load limits: a vertical is built into the pedestal.
limit of 110 pounds (49.8 kg) or a horizontal
limit of 80 pounds (36.2 kg) or a 45° limit of The hourmeter panel (Figure 1-5) is located at
70 pounds (31.7 kg). the base of the pedestal on the right side. It
supports the hourmeter, transmission chip
The floor of the baggage compartment also indicators (XMSN CHIP IND), and the battery
has two additional rows of footman loops bus circuit breakers (NO. 1 BUS BAT and
running fore and aft directly inside the NO. 2 BUS BAT). The hourmeter records
baggage compartment door between BS 45 aircraft operating time in hours and tenths.
and 73. Each of these rows contains four The transmission chip indicators provide an
footman loops that have the following safe indication to maintenance personnel that the
load limits: a vertical limit of 45 pounds transmission chip caution light (XMSN CHIP)
(20.4 kg) or a horizontal limit of 45 pounds had illuminated and where the chip occurred.
(20.4 kg). To reset the indicator, rotate the outer portion
60° clockwise.
The access door is on the right side and has a
key lock for security. Two interior lights The Dual Digital AFCS EEPROM READ and
illuminate when the door is open. The DOOR ERASE switches are located on the console
LOCK caution light on the caution panel just aft of the hourmeter panel.
illuminates when the door is not properly
latched. The overhead console (Figure 1-6) mounts
e l e c t r i c a l s y s t e m s w i t c h e s a n d c i r c u it
A smoke detector is installed in the breakers.
c o m pa r t m e n t a n d i s c o n n e c t e d t o t h e
BAGGAGE FIRE warning light on the 1-4. ROTOR SYSTEMS
instrument panel.
1-4-A. MAIN ROTOR
1-3-G. INSTRUMENT PANEL AND
CONSOLE The main rotor consists of four composite
blades mounted to flex-beam type yokes to
The instrumen t pa nel c onsists of th ree provide a soft-in-plane arrangement.
sections. It is tilted slightly forward to provide Elastomeric bearings help dampen vibration
better viewing of the instruments by the crew. and provide lead-lag action for the blades.
Two of the blades can be folded to stow
The flight instruments are mounted in the parallel to the other two blades to minimize
section in front of the pilot seat. The system storage space required.
i n s t r u m e n ts a n d t h e c a u t io n pa n e l a r e
mounted in the center section. Optional 1-4-B. TAIL ROTOR
copilot flight instruments are mounted in the
section in front of the left seat. The tail rotor is a two-bladed, semi-rigid rotor
system mounted on the right side of the
The collective control panel (Figure 1-3) vertical fin. Rotor flapping is provided by a
mounts engine switches used during starting delta hinge arrangement to provide stability
and shutdown, landing light and searchlight during hovering turns and forward flight.
control switches, and optional equipment
switches.

Export Classification C, ECCN EAR99 11 JAN 2013 Rev. 5 1-5

BHT-412-MD-4 MANUFACTURER’S DATA

1-5. OVERTORQUE oil, low combining gearbox oil pressure, high

WARNING SYSTEM combining gearbox oil temperature, and metal
particles in combining gearbox oil.
An OVER TRQ warning flag (cat's eye) is The pilot RPM switch is mounted on the
l o c a t e d i n t h e l o w e r l e ft a f t a v i o n i c s collective switchbox. The pilot switch is a
compartment. If mast torque exceeds 110%, five-position momentary-on type switch. The
the warning flag will be tripped showing INCR position increases engine RPM, and the
alternating black and white sections. DECR position decreases engine RPM. The
INCR/DECR positions control the governors
1-6. TRANSMISSION o n b o t h e n g i n e s s i m u l ta n e o u s l y. F o r
helicopters S/N 36087 through 36278 not
The transmission is mounted in the pylon rigged for Category A operations, the
support structure with four vibration-isolating regu lated engine RPM may b e adjus ted
mounts. Two stages of planetary reduction through the operating range of 97 to 101.5
gears and spiral bevel gears are used to ±0.5% by moving the switch. For helicopters
reduce the input driveshaft speed to the S/N 36087 through 36278 rigged for
speeds required for main rotor and tail rotor Category A operations as per TB 412-01-176
drive. Both hydraulic pumps are driven by the and helicopters S/N 36279 and subsequent,
transmission. the regulated engine RPM may be adjusted
through the operating range of 97 to 103
A gauge on the instrument panel allows the
+0.5% by moving the switch. Refer to Flight
flig ht c re w t o m o nit or tr an sm i ss io n oi l
Manual Supplement BHT-412-FMS-62.3 and
temperature and pressure. Caution lights are
62.4 for information related to Category A
provided to warn of high transmission oil
operations.
temperature, low transmission oil pressure,
and metal particles in transmission oil. Three The RPM +2/-2 (trim) switch increases or
remote transmission chip indicators are decreases engine No. 2 RPM to provide
located on the right side of the pedestal near torque, N I , or ITT matching. Engine 2 trim
the cabin floor. range is 2.0 to 2.5% N II . Engine 2 governor
should be at least 95% minimum trim —
1-7. POWER PLANT minimum beep.

The power plant, a Pratt and Whitney PT6T-3D The copilot does not have trim capability. For
twin turboshaft engine, consists of two location of RPM switch, refer to collective
identical free turbine power sections control panel (Figure 1-3).
connected to a combining/reduction gearbox.
E ac h p ow e r se c tio n h as its lu br ic a tio n 1-8. FUEL SYSTEM
system, starter-generator, and fuel control.
Th e c om b inin g g ea rb ox h as a se par ate 1-8-A. DESCRIPTION —
lubrication system. MECHANICAL
Instruments on the panel provide indications
The fuel system (Figure 1-7) has 10 impact
of gas producer (NI) RPM, power turbine (NII)
resistant fuel cells. Six of the cells are located
RPM, torque, interturbine temperature, oil
below the cabin floor and four are located aft
temperature, and oil pressure for each power
o f th e c ab in a nd a bo ve the le ve l of th e
section, and oil temperature and oil pressure
underfloor cells. A system of pumps,
for the combining gearbox. Caution and
interconnects, and standpipes provides a fuel
warning lights alert the crew of the following
burn sequence (Figure 1-8) that maintains fuel
conditions: low engine N I or N II RPM, low
CG within required limits. Partial cell dividers
engine oil pressure, metal particles in engine

1-6 Rev. 5 11 JAN 2013 Export Classification C, ECCN EAR99

MANUFACTURER’S DATA BHT-412-MD-4

i n t w o o f t h e a ft c e l l s a n d t h e s y s t e m located inside the doorposts vent the lower

interconnect valve provide 65.5 gallons forward and mid cells. The two vents located
(247.9 L) isolated fuel supply for each engine. aft of the fuel compartment vent the lower aft
and upper fuel cells.
1-8-B. CELL VENTS
During refuel operations, air pressure may
F o u r f u el c e ll v e n ts a re l o c at e d o n th e force some fuel into vent lines, and it is
underside of the fuselage. The two vents

Export Classification C, ECCN EAR99 11 JAN 2013 Rev. 5 1-6A/1-6B

MANUFACTURER’S DATA BHT-412-MD-4

normal for the system to expel up to a pint of automatically by a signal from the pressure
fuel under each doorpost. switch when crossfeed switch is in NORM
position.
1-8-C. FUEL TRANSFER
AND FILLING 1-8-E. FUEL QUANTITY SYSTEM
Each lower fuel cell is joined with its opposite Fuel quantity is measured by four
(left and right), and with the upper cells by an capacitance-type quantity probes located on
interconnect system. Standpipes in the upper each side of the helicopter. The signals from
cells control the fill and burn sequence. Fuel these quantity probes are displayed on a dual
is s up p lie d to the en g ine s f ro m t he aft needle fuel quantity indicator located in the
underfloor cells (engine feed cells). Fuel for center instrument panel (Figure 1-2). The four
sequences 1, 3, and 5 is transferred to the q u a n ti t y p ro b e s o n th e l e f t s id e o f t h e
engine feed cells by gravity. Burn 2 and 4 fuel helicopter drive one needle and the right four
is transferred to the upper aft center cell by a drive the other needle. A digital display on the
dual transfer (left and right) system. Each indicator displays the signal from the eight
system consists of an electrically driven quantity probes. A DIGITS TEST button is
transfer pump located in the forward located left of the indicator. When pressed, a
underfloor cell, an ejector pump in the mid properly functioning digital display will return
cell, and a combination flow switch and check to 8 88 pou nds . A FWD TA NK /M ID TAN K
valve . The transfer system will op erate switch, located left of the DIGITS TEST button,
continuously until the burn 4 fuel is depleted, allows the pilot to check lower forward and
then the thermistors located in the forward mid cell quantities separately. In the event of a
underfloor cells will shut off the transfer fuel transfer malfunction the FWD TANK/MID
pumps. Fueling through the gravity filler cap TANK switch allows the pilot to determine
will fill the cells in the reverse order of the fuel unusable fuel remaining in forward and/or mid
burn sequence. cells.

A transfer pump in each lower forward tank 1-8-F. FUEL SYSTEM CONTROLS
transfers fuel to the upper aft center tank.
This flow provides the motive force for an Fuel system controls are located on the
ejector pump in the lower mid tanks, which pedestal m ounted engine control panel
transfers fuel from that tank to the (Figure 1-4). The two transfer pumps and
corresponding upper aft center cell. The boost pumps are individually controlled by
transfer pumps shut off automatically after two-position ON/OFF switches. No. 1 engine
the lower forward tanks are emptied. transfer and boost pumps are electrically
powered by the No. 1 28 vdc essential bus.
1-8-D. ENGINE FEED SYSTEM The No. 2 28 vdc emergency bus powers No. 2
engine transfer pump and the No. 2 28 vdc
Fuel is supplied to engines by electric boost essential bus powers No. 2 boost pump. Four
pumps located in the aft underfloor cells valve switches are provided: one for each of
(engine feed cells). Fuel passes through a the fuel valves, the interconnect valve, and
check valve and an electrically operated the crossfeed valve. All are two-position
firewall shutoff valve before entering the switches except the FUEL INTERCON switch.
engines. A pressure switch for each pump The normal position of the crossfeed and
indicates if fuel boost is inoperative. A fuel i n t e rc o n n e c t va l v e s i s cl o s e d , bu t t h e
crossfeed valve connects the two engine feed interconnect valve has an optional open
systems for operation with one boost pump position. Both have an override position so
inoperative. The crossfeed valve is opened the valves may be closed, if necessary,

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BHT-412-MD-4 MANUFACTURER’S DATA

after being automatically opened. Electrical caution light. Either signal conditioner can
power for the crossfeed valve is provided by provide the signal to illuminate the single
the 28 vdc essential buses. Electrical power FUEL LOW light. The FUEL LOW caution light
for the interconnect valve is provided by the signal from either side is inhibited if electrical
28 vdc emergency buses. If essential bus power to the respective side is not present.
fails, the valves will continue to operate. The This prevents illumination of the LOW FUEL
f u e l va l v e s a r e p ow e r e d by t h e 2 8 v d c light due to loss of power instead of low fuel
emergency buses. Circuitry protection is quantity.
provided by circuit breakers located on the
overhead circuit breaker panel (Figure 1-5) For The fuel low function interacts with a fuel
a more complete description of the electrical interconnect feature. When both low fuel
portion of the fuel system, refer to Description signals from the signal conditioners are
— Electrical. present, the fuel interconnect valve will
automatically open between the two engine
1-8-G. DESCRIPTION — feed fuel cells. This causes the FUEL INTCON
ELECTRICAL caution light to illuminate. The light will
extinguish when the FUEL INTCON switch is
The electrical portion of the fuel system positioned from NORM to OPEN. The option to
consists of the quantity indicating system and open or close the interconnect valve is
the fuel transfer system. The quantity available should a manual override be desired
indicating system includes the fuel low fuel from either valve position. When the valve is
warning system. commanded to change position by selecting
OPEN or OVRD CLOSE, the FUEL INTCON
The fuel quantity indicating part of the system caution light will illuminate during the time of
is identical for each side of the helicopter, valve movement. It will extinguish when valve
respective to the fuel cells. Fuel quantity position matches switch position. A press-to-
system components for each side include four te st featu re is prov ided to d ete rmine if
capacitive fuel probes, a section of the fuel redundant electrical power is available. When
quantity signal conditioner, and one needle of FUEL XFEED INTCON switch is positioned to
a dual needle indicator. In addition to these TEST BUS 1, the other power source (bus 2) is
components are the digital display and the disabled. This results in a test that will
FWD/MID TANK switch function. The digital illuminate FUEL INTCON caution light if bus 1
display, switch function, and probe locations electrical is not available. The same result
are adequately described in the mechanical would be valid when the switch is positioned
portion of the fuel system description. to TEST BUS 2. A similar test is
s i m u l t a n e o u s ly p e r fo r m e d fo r t h e f u e l
The signal conditioner modifies the signal crossfeed circuit by use of this switch.
from the probes to provide a signal the
indicator needs to give a quantity reading to The fuel transfer systems are identical for
the crew. each side of the helicopter. However, the fuel
quantity signal from either signal conditioner
The low fuel indication is displayed on a that enables the fuel transfer pumps activates
segment of the caution panel. The low fuel both pumps. This results in both fuel transfer
signal is provided by thermistors on the fuel pumps operating until both forward fuel tanks
quantity probes in the outboard upper fuel are empty.
cells through a part of the signal conditioner.
A thermistor changes its signal when fuel no Each side has a FUEL TRANS caution light
longer covers it. The signal change from the associated with fuel transfer functions. This
thermistor causes the signal conditioner to light will illuminate if there is fuel in the
provide a signal to illuminate the FUEL LOW respective forward fuel tank and no fuel is

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MANUFACTURER’S DATA BHT-412-MD-4

being transferred. This condition can occur if 1-8-H. CAUTION LIGHTS

FUEL TRANS switches are not positioned to
ON and fuel is present in either forward tank. FUEL TRANS — No fuel transfer
Another condition for illumination of this through indicated
caution light is if fuel is present in the mid system. Probably
tank after fuel transfer is complete from the inoperative transfer or
forward tank. This is an indication of trapped, ejector pump.
unus able fu el in the m id ta nk . T he la st
condition for illumination for this caution light FUEL BOOST — Loss of engine feed
is loss of power to respective fuel quantity line pressure in
signal conditioner and absence of fuel flow indicated system.
from the respective transfer pump. This would Indicates fuel boost
result in an illuminated FUEL TRANS caution pump failure.
light when the respective fuel quantity is Crossfeed valve
inoperative and fuel transfer from forward automatically opens.
ta n k is co m p le te . T he lig h t w il l re ma in FUEL LOW — F u e l l ev e l i n l e f t o r
illuminated under this condition after fuel right cells at or below
transfer is complete. 190 pounds.
Interconnect valve will
As fuel in each forward underfloor cell is o p e n a u t o m a t i c a l ly
depleted, the stream of fuel through the flow when fuel level in
switch is reduced significantly and causes the opposite side
FUEL TRANS caution light to start flickering. decreases to 190
The flickering light advises the pilot that the pounds to allow fuel in
respective forward and mid underfloor cells lower cells to equalize.
are empty and the transfer pump is still on.
The FUEL TRANS caution light flickers only FUEL FILTER — Impending bypass of
briefly because the thermister switches in the i nd ic a te d fu el filt er
forward cells also detect the absence of fuel. resulting from
The thermistor switches disable the flow contamination and
switch signal that illuminates the respective clogging is indicated.
FUEL TRANS caution light, causing the light FUEL VALVE — Normally illuminated
to extinguish. Because of system logic, the during transit, and
last thermistor to dry turns both transfer extinguishes when
pumps off automatically. valve position is same
as switch position. A
Loss of electrical power to a signal fault is indicated if it
conditioner causes loss of fuel quantity does not extinguish.
indication for the respective side and a FUEL
TRANS caution light that illuminates and will FUEL XFEED — Normally illuminated
not extinguish after fuel transfer from forward during transit and
tank is complete. extinguishes when
valve is seated. A fault
i s i n d i c a t e d i f l ig h t
does not extinguish.

30 SEP 2002 1-9

BHT-412-MD-4 MANUFACTURER’S DATA

FUEL INTCON — Normally illuminated restored power to nonessential buses and

during transit and second generator fails, both nonessential
extinguishes when buses are again automatically dropped. This
valve is seated in arrangement provides automatic dc load
closed position or shedding (Table 1-1) for a 30-minute flight with
i nd ic a te s va lv e h a s electrical power supplied by battery, only.
automatically opened
with switch in NORM An emergency load switch is located on
position. Placing overhead console (Figure 1-6). If a dual
switch in OPEN generator failure occurs, placing the switch in
position will extinguish EMERG LOAD position sheds essential dc
light. A fault is buses (Table 1-2) providing approximately
indicated if light fails 90 minutes of flight on battery power only.
to extinguish. Placing the switch in the EM ERG LOAD
position with one or both generators
operating does not have any effect on the dc
1-9. ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS power system. It will effect the ac power
system.
1-9-A. DC ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
Emergency dc buses are energized whenever:
Primary electrical system is a 28 volt direct
current, negative ground system (Figure 1-9). Emergency load switch is in EMERG
Power is supplied by two 30 volt, 200 ampere LOAD position.
starter-generators, one mounted on each
engine. Output voltage of each generator is Either battery switch is ON.
monitored and regulated by a dc control unit.
Dc control units provide over voltage and One or both generators operating.
r ev e rs e c u r r e n t p ro t e c ti o n a n d c o n t ro l Auxiliary power is provided.
paralleled generator operation so that the two
generators share total load requirements Essential dc buses are energized whenever:
within ± 20 amperes.
One or both generators are operating.
Each generator supplies power to a main dc
bus and to two interconnected nonessential Auxiliary power is provided.
dc buses. Each main dc bus serves as a
feeder for the two essential dc buses and two Either battery switch is on with
emergency buses. Electrical separation emergency switch in NORMAL position.
between main buses and between generators
is accomplished through circuit breakers and N one ss entia l d c bu ses a re en ergiz ed
isolation diodes. whenever:

If one generator or engine should fail, both Both generators are operating.
nonessential buses are automatically
Auxiliary power is provided.
dropped, and all essential and emergency dc
loads are supplied by remaining generator. One generator is operating with
Nonessential bus switch (NON-ESNTL BUS) nonessential bus switch (NON-ESNTL) in
located on overhead console (Figure 1-6) is MANUAL position.
available so pilot can manually restore power
to nonessential buses. If pilot has manually

1-10 30 SEP 2002

MANUFACTURER’S DATA BHT-412-MD-4

The primary dc electrical power distribution If an inverter fails to maintain 104 to 125 vac
system is located in the roof and nose of the output, the corresponding ac voltage sensor
helicopter. The generator control units, relay will transfer the ac load to the remaining
contactors, buses, and feeder protection inverter.
devices are located beneath the battery, under
the lower shelf in the nose compartment. The emergency ac bus control relay sheds all
Other contactors, feeder protection devices, ac buses, except the 115 and 26 vac
and the distribution buses are located in the emergency buses when the emergency load
cabin roof. System control switches and sw it ch is in th e E M E R G LOA D p o si tio n
distribution circuit breakers are located in the (Table 1-5).
overhead console.
T h e i nv e r t e r 2 i n t e r l o ck r e l ay d i s a bl e s
Primary dc electrical power distribution is inverter 2 while the emergency load switch is
controlled by the following switches and in the EMERG LOAD position.
circuit breakers (Table 1-4):
Inverter 1, inverter 2, and ac voltage sensor
T h e b a t t e r y bu s s w i t c h e s t h ro u g h t h e relays are located on the lower nose shelf.
respective batter y bus relays prevent a The emergency ac bus control relay and
ground fault (short) in one main dc bus from inverter 2 interlock relay are located in the
disabling both generators. They also select cabin roof aft of overhead console.
the generator that charges the battery. During
normal operation, BATTERY BUS 2 switch is INV 1 PWR and INV 2 PWR circuit breakers
ON. However, for a battery start of engine 1, (Figure 1-5) protect dc wires providing power
BATTERY BUS 1 switch must be ON. With to the respective inverters.
both generators or generator 2 operating,
BATTERY BUS 1 will automatically switch OFF NO 1 INVERTER and NO 2 INVERTER
if BATTERY BUS 2 switch is ON. segments in the caution panel (Figure 1-2)
provide indication that the 115 volt portion of
1-9-B. AC ELECTRICAL SYSTEM the indicated inverter has failed. Another
indication of a failed inverter is the loss of the
The ac electrical system (Figure 1-10) pressure gauges.
consists of two 450 va, 115/26 volt, 400 Hz,
si ng le p h as e , s ol id s ta te inv er ters an d Eight circuit breakers in the overhead console
associated controls. Inverter 1 is powered by protect the ac power distribution system.
emergency dc bus 1 and is controlled by INV 1
switch located on the overhead console 1-10. HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
( F i g u r e 1 - 6 ) . I nv e r t e r 2 i s p o w e r e d by
emergency dc bus 2 and is controlled by INV 2 Two separate hydraulic systems are used to
switch located on overhead console. assist cyclic, collective, and anti-torque flight
controls. Each system contains a reservoir,
T h e r e a r e fo u r a d d i t i o n a l c o m p o n e n t s pump, integrated valve and filter assembly,
essential to the control and operation of the accumulator, and check valves.
ac electrical system: two ac voltage sensor
relays, and emergency ac bus control relay, Each integrated valve and filter assembly
and an inverter 2 interlock relay. contains a system pressure filter and a
system return filter. In the event any one of
Each voltage sensor relay monitors the these filters becomes partially clogged, a
115 vac outp ut fro m the co rresp ond ing button on the filter housing will pop out to
inverter and directs the ac voltage to the give an indication of filter bypass. This button
respective buses of each inverter (Table 1-5). will also activate a switch which will cause a

30 SEP 2002 1-11

BHT-412-MD-4 MANUFACTURER’S DATA

remote hydraulic filter bypass indicator in the cyclic flight control actuators are connected
lower right area of the nose to switch from to the swashplate, located above the
green to red. The remote bypass indicator can transmission. The swashplate converts the
be seen on preflight check through the lower fixed control inputs to the rotating controls
right nose window. and actuates alternating cyclic pitch inputs to
the main rotor.
An electrical interlock prevents both hydraulic
systems from being switched off at the same The collective flight control actuator is
time. If one system is off and the second connected to the collective lever at the mast.
system is switched off, the second system will The collective lever actuates the collective
remain on. sleeve, which moves the mixing/rephasing
levers up and down to induce collective pitch
Th e hyd ra u lic pu m p s a re dr iv en by th e to the blades.
transmission and have different rated
capacities. System 1 pump delivers a greater The antitorque control actuator is located in
volume of fluid to operate the antitorque flight t h e a ft f u s e la g e c o m p a r t m e n t n e a r th e
control servoactuator. tailboom attachment. The tail rotor fixed
c o n t ro l s a r e c o n n e c t e d t o t h e ro t a t i n g
Th e cy cl ic a nd co lle ct ive flig h t c o nt ro l controls through a bearing in the crosshead
servoactuators are each powered by both assembly, which slides along the tail rotor
hydraulic systems, such that if either system mast to provide pitch change control.
fails, the remaining system will operate the
actuators. The antitorque servoactuator is The antitorque control pedals in the cockpit
powered by hydraulic system 1 only. can be adjusted fore and aft by depressing
and rotating a knob located on the floor just
Each hydraulic system has a gauge to allow forward of each crew seat.
the flight crew to monitor fluid pressure and
temperature. A NO 1 HYDRAULIC or NO 2 1-11-A. FORCE TRIM SYSTEM
HYDRAULIC caution light illuminates in the
event of low hydraulic pressure or high The cyclic and antitorque controls incorporate
temperature in the corresponding system. a force trim system to provide artificial control
r e a c t i o n fo rc e s w h e n t h e c o n t ro l s a r e
1-11. FLIGHT CONTROL manually moved from their r eference
SYSTEM positions. The force trim system is also
interrelated with the operation of the AFCS.
The flight control system, consisting of cyclic, Refer to Automatic Flight Control System.
collective pitch, and antitorque controls, is
used to regulate helicopter attitude, altitude, The force trim components include spring-
and direction of flight. The flight controls are loaded force gradient cartridges connected in
hydraulically boosted to reduce pilot effort, to series with rotary trim actuators to the fore/aft
overcome resistance of the elastomeric and lateral cyclic controls and to the
bearings in the main rotor system, and to antitorque controls. When engaged, the trim
counteract control feedback forces. actuators become locked in position by
internal magnetic brakes. Manual movement
Control inputs from the cyclic stick, collective o f th e c o nt ro ls t he n ac tu at es th e forc e
stick, and antitorque pedals are transmitted gradients which provide the desired control
by push-pull tubes and bellcranks to the resistance.
hydraulic flight control actuators. The two

1-12 30 SEP 2002

MANUFACTURER’S DATA BHT-412-MD-4

1-11-B. FORCE TRIM CONTROLS Either autopilot may be operated in either the
SAS or ATT mode, but both must be in the
The force trim system is activated by the same mode . The stability augmentation
FORCE TRIM switch, located on the pedestal. system (SAS) mode provides shor t
A FORCE TRIM release button, located on the term stabilization without sacrificing
c y cl i c s t i ck g r i p , c a n b e d e p r e s s e d t o maneuverability. A ircraft response to a
deenergize the system momentarily, allowing control input is attitude rate limited to provide
the pilot to position the cyclic and pedals for smooth, coordinated movement about the
long term pitch, roll, and yaw corrections. p i t c h , ro l l , a n d yaw a xe s . T h e a t t i t u d e
Upon releasing button, the magnetic brakes retention (ATT) mode provides automatic
a r e r e e n e rg i z e d a n d w i l l l o ck t h e t r i m (hands off) control of pitch and roll attitudes
actuators in the new reference positions with short term stabilization of yaw attitude.
existing at the moment the button is released. Turbulence damping in all three axes is
YAW TRIM RELease switch (Figure 1-3) (if provided automatically in either SAS or ATT
installed), located on collective, can be mode.
pressed forward to deenergize yaw trim only, Operation in ATT mode is intended for flight in
allowing pilot to momentarily position pedals instrument meteorological conditions or
for yaw corrections. Upon releasing switch, whenever the pilot desires fully automatic
magnetic brakes are reenergized and will lock (hands off) control. SAS mode should be
yaw trim actuators in new reference positions. engaged during ground operation, hover,
Th e p ilo t cy cli c co nt ro l s tick is g imb al takeoff, and any other time the pilot controls
mounted to provide movement in any the aircraft manually.
direction. There are two cyclic centering Use of the force trim system is optional
caution lights located on the pilot and copilot during operation in SAS mode; however, the
instrument panel near the MASTER CAUTION force trim must be on during ATT mode
ligh t. T he se lig hts w ill illumin ate u po n operation.
ex c e s s i v e c y cl ic in p u t s d u r i n g g ro u n d
operations below normal operating range. Automatic trim is provided in ATT mode to
Properly positioning the cyclic stick will maintain the linear actuators close to their
extinguish the lights. center positions for optimum control
authority.
1-12. AUTOMATIC FLIGHT
CONTROL SYSTEM 1-12-A. AFCS CONTROLS
(AFCS) 1-12-A-1. AFCS CONTROL PANEL
The dual digital automatic flight control
s y s t e m (A F C S ) e n h a n c e s s t a b i li t y a n d The AFCS control panel, located on the
controllability of the helicopter and reduces p e d e s t a l , c o n t ro l s e n g a g e m e n t o f t h e
pilot workload. The AFCS consists of two s u b s y s te m s a n d p r im a r y m o d e s o f t h e
independent autopilot systems, either of automatic flight control system. The
w hich is c ap able of h el ico p ter a ttit ud e pushbutton type switches have placards
con tro l. Both autopilots are thre e axes which illuminate when the respective
systems, (pitch, roll, and yaw). Each system subsystem or mode is engaged.
incorporates independent gyro references,
Autopilots 1 and 2 are selected by AP 1 and
autopilot computers, and linear actuators to
AP 2 buttons. The SAS/ATT button is used to
enable either autopilot to continue
select the desired autopilot mode. When
functioning in the event that the other fails.
either autopilot is engaged, ATT mode is

30 SEP 2002 1-13

BHT-412-MD-4 MANUFACTURER’S DATA

automatically engaged. SAS mode may then deenergized; the pitch, roll, and yaw linear
be selected by depressing the SAS/ATT actuators return to their center positions; and
button. the autopilot computers are placed in a fast
synchronization mode to track flight control
The TRIM/FD button selects the autopilot positions. Upon releasing FORCE TRIM
computer (AP 1 or AP 2) to perform autotrim button, the autopilot will resume functioning
operation and preflight test procedure. The in the preselected mode. If in ATT mode, the
autopilot computer selected is the active autopilot will maintain pitch and roll attitudes
autopilot providing the above functions and is existing at the moment button is released.
indicated by a 1 or 2 legend illuminated on the Upon releasing FORCE TRIM button, the pilot
button. In normal operation, the system should release the cyclic stick to prevent
automatically selects number 2 on power-up. interference with AFCS operation.
The TEST button controls engagement of
preflight test mode. M a n u a l l y f l y i n g i n AT T m o d e w i t h o u t
depressing FORCE TRIM button will result in
1-12-A-2. FORCE TRIM SWITCH AFCS counteracting control inputs from the
pilot in an effort to maintain helicopter at the
The pedestal-mounted FORCE TRIM switch reference attitude. Although the pilot can
controls the activation of the cyclic and pedal override the AFCS, control response will be
rotary trim actuators. When the FORCE TRIM sharply reduced.
switch is ON while operating in SAS mode, the
trim actuators become locked in position 1-12-A-4. ATTITUDE TRIM SWITCH
providing artificial control reaction forces
when the controls are moved from their The ATTD TRIM switch, located at the top of
reference positions. the cyclic stick grip, is a four-position switch
used to adjust pitch and roll attitudes when
W h e n F O R C E T R I M sw i t ch i s O N w h i l e either or both autopilots are engaged in ATT
operating in ATT mode with both autopilots mode. Holding the switch changes the pitch
engaged, pitch and roll trim actuators are attitude reference 2 degrees/second or the roll
controlled by the selected autopilot computer attitude reference 3 degrees/second.
to move the cyclic as required to keep the
linear actuators operating within ±10% of their The ATT TRIM switch is disabled during
center positions when both APs are engaged operation in SAS mode.
or ±25% if a single AP is engaged. This
a u t o t r i m f u n c t i o n r e l i ev e s t h e p i l o t o f 1-12-B. AFCS INDICATORS
continuous actuator monitoring.
1-12-B-1. FORCE TRIM CAUTION
1-12-A-3. FORCE TRIM RELEASE LIGHT
BUTTON
A force trim caution light (FT OFF), located on
The FORCE TRIM release button, located on instrument panel below the pilots airspeed
the cyclic stick grip, is used to disengage the indicator, illuminates when force trim system
AFCS momentarily so the pilot can maneuver fails or is switched off. The light alerts the
the controls manually for large pitch or roll pilot to maintain manual control of helicopter
attitude changes. b e c a u s e a u t o m a t i c a t t i t u d e c o n t ro l i s
impossible without a properly operating force
Upon depressing FORCE TRIM button, the trim system.
pit ch a n d ro ll ro ta r y trim a ctu a tors a re

1-14 30 SEP 2002

MANUFACTURER’S DATA BHT-412-MD-4

1-12-B-2. ACTUATOR POSITION Turn rate data is provided to each ADI from
INDICATORS separate turn rate gyros. Yaw rate data is
provided to both autopilots from a dual yaw
The actuator position indicator (API) panel, rate gyro assembly.
located on pedestal, provides pilot with visual
indicators for monitoring position of autopilot Redundancy is provided by dual standby
pitch, roll, and yaw linear actuators with compasses and a single standby attitude
re sp ec t t o the ir ce n ters o f trav el. A P 1 indicator.
actuator positions are normally displayed
when both APs are engaged. AP 2 actuator System control is provided by pilot and
positions may be indicated by depressing and copilot pedestal-mounted compass control
holding SYS 2 button. If either autopilot panels and instrument panel-mounted VG fast
should disengage for any reason, the APIs erect switches. Switch selection and control
will indicate the actuator positions of the functions are as follows:
autopilot which remains engaged.
Switch Selection Function
The APIs will move slightly during operation
MAG/ MAG Gyro heading output is
in SAS or ATT mode. Autotrim will keep the
DG position slaved to magnetic
actuators operating near their center
heading. Normal
positions when both autopilots are engaged
operating position.
in ATT mode.
DG Gyro heading output
position operates in free gyro
1-12-B-3. AL-300 AIR DATA DISPLAY mode (not slaved to
magnetic heading).
The Air Data Display (ADD) is used to display Used during operation
error codes during system power-up tests, at high latitudes or
pre-flight, and continuous operation. If more other areas of
than one fault exists, the display will unreliable earths
intermittently display each fault code. A brief magnetic fields.
description of fault codes is provided in BHT-
Sync Center No input.
412-FM-4. Refer to Honeywell SPZ-7600
Switch position
Integrated Flight Control System Pilot’s
Manual for details.
(+/
•
switch)
+ position Compass card rotates
1-12-C. ATTITUDE AND HEADING counter-clockwise to
SYSTEM increase displayed
helicopter heading.
1-12-C-1. TARSYN GYRO
INSTALLATION (S/N 36087 • position Compass card rotates
clockwise to decrease
TO 36247)
displayed helicopter
Attitude and heading data is provided by a heading.
dual Honeywell Tarsyn Gyro installation.
Tarsyn Gyro No. 1 provides pitch, roll, and NOTE
heading data to copilot instruments and No. 1
Autopilot. Tarsyn Gyro No. 2 provides pitch,
roll, and heading data to pilot instruments and
Sync switch + and
•
positions are
momentary switch positions.
the No. 2 Autopilot.

30 SEP 2002 1-15

BHT-412-MD-4 MANUFACTURER’S DATA

Sync Centered Indicates that

Annunciator displayed heading CAUTION
(+/
•
annunciator)
is synchronized to
magnetic heading. PRESSING THE VG FAST ERECT
SWITCH IN FLIGHT WILL DECOUPLE
+ position Indicates that AUTOPILOT.
displayed heading
is less than VG Fast Momentary Decreases
detected magnetic Erect switch required gyro
heading. (Select Switch erection time.
sync switch to +
position if
synchronization is 1-12-C-2. ATTITUDE AND HEADING
required.) REFERENCE SYSTEM
(AHRS) (S/N 36248 AND
• position Indicates that
displayed heading
SUBSEQUENT)
is greater than
Attitude and heading data is provided by a
detected magnetic
dual Litef LCR-92 Attitude and H eading
heading. (Select
Reference System (AHRS) installation. AHRS
sync switch to
position if
• No. 1 provides pitch, roll, heading, and turn
rate data to copilot instruments and pitch, roll,
synchronization is
heading, and yaw rate data to No. 1 autopilot.
required.)
AHRS No. 2 provides pitch, roll, heading, and
turn rate data to pilot instruments and pitch,
NOTE roll, heading, and yaw rate data to No. 2
autopilot. Redundancy is provided by dual
It is normal for sync indicator to
standby compasses and a single standby
indicate a synchronization error during
attitude indicator.
or immediately after maneuver, this is
due to flux valve detection of non
System control is provided by pilot and
h o riz o n ta l c o m p o n e n ts o f e ar th s
copilot pedestal-mounted AHRS control
magnetic field. Sync annunciator is
p a n e l s . S w i t c h s e l e c t i o n s a n d c o n t ro l
inhibited (centered) when in DG mode.
functions are as follows:
Synchronization to magnetic heading should
be maintained automatically during normal Switch Selection Function
operation in MAG mode . However, after MAG/ MAG AHRS heading output
departure from an area of distorted magnetic DG position is slaved to magnetic
field (i.e., an oil rig) gyro may take some time Switch heading. Normal
to resynchronize to correct magnetic heading. operating switch
If desired this process may be accelerated by position.
manual operation of the Sync switch.

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MANUFACTURER’S DATA BHT-412-MD-4

DG AHRS heading output + position Indicates that

position operates in free gyro displayed
mode (not slaved to heading is less
magnetic heading). than detected
Used during operation magnetic
at high latitudes or heading.
other areas of
unreliable earths • position Indicates that
displayed
magnetic field.
heading is
greater than
NOTE detected
magnetic
Sync switch + and
• positions are
momentary switch positions. Sync
heading.
s w i tc h i s e n a b le d w h e n A H R S i s AHRS Test Momentary AHRS test mode
selected to DG mode only. Switch switch engaged while
switch is held.
Sync Center No input.
Switch position NOTE
•
(+/
switch) AHRS test is enabled only when
helicopter AOG logic is satisfied.
+ position Compass card rotates (Depressing the CPL button on the
(DG counterclockwise to autopilot controller will satisfy AOG
mode) increase displayed logic on non-flight director equipped
helicopter heading. helicopters.)
•position Compass card rotates
clockwise to decrease AHRS will slave to magnetic heading at
(DG displayed helicopter different rates. Whenever powering up or
mode) heading. switching from DG mode to MAG mode the
rate is instantaneous.

NOTE In-flight the slaving rate is normally 2.5° per

It is norm al for Sync indicator to minute . For Flight Director equipped
display a synchronization error during helicopters the slaving rate on ground after
or immediately after maneuver, this is landing is 0.1° per minute , and 1.0° per
due to flux valve detection of non- second for the first 5 minutes after liftoff.
ho ri zo nt al c omp o ne n ts o f e a rth s
Automatic synchronization feature — AHRS
magnetic field.
will automatically synchronize immediately to
magnetic heading upon selection into MAG
Sync Center Indicates that
mode or power up in MAG mode (power-up in
Annunciator position displayed
DG mode will result in a heading of 000°).
•
+/ heading is
synchronized to
During normal operation synchronization
should then be maintained automatically.
magnetic
However, after departure from an area of
heading.
distor ted magnetic field (i.e ., an oil rig
platform) AHRS will take time to synchronize to
corrected magnetic heading. If desired, to
bypass normal resynchronization process,

30 SEP 2002 1-17

BHT-412-MD-4 MANUFACTURER’S DATA

AHRS may be selected from MAG mode to DG 1-14. AUXILIARY SYSTEMS

mode and in level flight back to reselect MAG
mode to initiate an immediate synchronization. 1-14-A. HEATING SYSTEM
NOTE C a b i n h e a t i n g s y s t e m , w h i c h i n cl u d e s
windshield defrost system, uses bleed air
S e le ct io n f ro m D G m o d e t o M A G from engine compressor sections as source
mode will induce synchronization to of heat. A mixing valve, which is controlled by
instantaneous magnetic heading. a thermostat, mixes heated air with outside air
Due to flux valve errors created in to obtain desired temperature.
unlevel f l ig h t , i n o r d e r t o e n s u r e
synchronization to correct magnetic When windshield defrost is selected, heated
heading, this switch selection should air is diverted from doorpost and pedestal
only be performed on ground or in heater outlets to windshield nozzles.
level flight.
1-14-B. VENTILATING SYSTEM
1-13. PITOT-STATIC SYSTEM
Ventilating system delivers outside air to
Pitot system consists of an electrically heated nozzles by instrument panel and also to
pitot tube connected to the airspeed indicator. windshield nozzles to defog windshield and
A second, independent, pitot system is p rovid e fres h a ir v en tilatio n. O ve rh ead
installed with the optional copilot instrument v e n til a tio n s y st e m d e liv e rs o ut s id e ai r
kit. t h ro u g h ov e r h e a d n o z z l e s t o c r ew a n d
passenger compartments.
Static system consists of static ports and
tubing necessary to connect them to airspeed
indicator(s), altimeter(s), and vertical speed
1-14-C. LIGHTING SYSTEM
indicator(s). Two static ports are located just
1-14-C-1. INTERIOR LIGHTING
fo r w a rd o f c r ew d o o rs . I F R c o n f i g u r e d
helicopters are equipped with heated static Two multipurpose cockpit/map lights are
ports. Two additional static ports are located mounted overhead in crew compartment.
on roof underneath transmission cowling. Either white or red light can be selected and
light may be adjusted from spot to flood type
An alternate static port is located inside illumination. These lights may be removed
cockpit on pilot instrument panel on back of from their mounts for increased utility. Pilot
STATIC SOURCE switch (Figure 1-2). Under light is powered by emergency dc bus 2
normal conditions, switch should be placed in (Table 1-3). Circuit protection is provided by
PRI position. This selects static ports located MAP PILOT circuit breaker (Figure 1-6).
forward of crew doors as well as roof mounted Copilot light is powered by the nonessential
static port. If erratic readings are seen on dc bus 1. Circuit protection is provided by
airspeed indicator, altimeter, and vertical MAP CPLT circuit breaker.
speed indicators, obstruction of outside static
ports is a possible cause. If this occurs, Three dome lights with intensity adjustments
STATIC SOURCE switch should be placed in are mounted in passenger compartment.
ALTN position. This position selects alternate Dome lights also illuminate either white or red
static air source (cabin air) and at the same and are controlled by a switch and rheostat
time, shuts off outside static air source for located in overhead console.
pilot side only.

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MANUFACTURER’S DATA BHT-412-MD-4

Two lights in baggage compartment are An optional aft intercom system may be
automatically switched on when door is installed to enable flight crew to communicate
opened and non-essential DC bus 2 is with passengers in aft cabin in response to
energized. illumination of the AFT INT CALL lights on
instrument panel. Passengers may also use
O t h e r i n t e ri o r li g h ti n g c ir c u i ts in c l u d e aft intercom system to communicate with
instrument panel lights, instrument secondary e a c h o t h e r, o r t o m o n i t o r o t h e r
lights, overhead console lights, and pedestal communication or navigation systems being
lights, all controlled by rheostats in overhead used by flight crew. During IFR operations it
console. An approach plate and map light is is recommended that AFT INT be left off to
located on each forward crew doorpost and is preclude interference with air traffic control
controlled by a rheostat on instrument panel. communications.
Pilot approach plate and map light is powered
by emergency DC bus 2 (Table 1-3). Circuit An optional cabin PA system consisting of
protection is provided by MAP PILOT circuit four aft cabin mounted speakers and cockpit
breaker (Figure 1-6). Copilot approach plate pedestal mounted control panel may be
and map light is powered by non-essential DC ins ta lled to fa cilita te au dio a dv isor ies.
bus 1. Circuit protection is provided by the Sp ea ke r a ctiv a tion is a cc om plis h ed b y
MAP CPLT circuit breaker. selecting power switch to ON, mode switch to
PA, and transmitting via pilot or copilot ICS
Four self-illuminating beta lights are mounted AUX position. Speaker output is selectable to
over windows in passenger/cargo doors to either HI or LOW volume, dependant on cabin
identify emergency exits. ambient noise level.

1-14-C-2. EXTERIOR LIGHTING 1-14-F. ROTOR BRAKE

Exterior lighting circuits include position R o t o r b r a k e u s e s a s e pa r a t e h y d ra u li c
lights, anti-collision (strobe) lights, landing system, composed of a dual master cylinder
lights, searchlight, and utility (step) lights. located on forward cabin roof, a disk brake
Landing light and searchlight are controlled with dual cylinders mounted on transmission,
by switches on pilot collective stick and associated hydraulic tubing. Two ROTOR
( F i g u r e 1 - 3 ) . O t h e r e x t e r i o r l i g h ts a r e BRAKE warning lights on caution panel are
controlled by switches on the overhead activated by micro switches in the brake
console (Figure 1-6). housing to warn the pilot that the brake is not
fully released.
1-14-D. WINDSHIELD WIPERS
Rotor brake application is limited to ground
Electrically powered windshield wipers are operation after both engines have been shut
mounted above the windshields. Selector down and rotor rpm has decreased to 40%.
knobs on the overhead console allow pilot The brake should be released just before the
and copilot to control windshield wipers rotor stops, to preclude backlash. The brake
independently. handle should be returned to the full-up
detent position. After securing the main rotor
1-14-E. INTERCOMMUNICATION blades, the rotor brake may be locked to
SYSTEM stabilize the rotor during windy conditions.

Intercommunications control panel(s), located 1-15. EMERGENCY

on pedestal, are used by flight crew to control EQUIPMENT
intercom system and navigation and
communication radio functions.

17 JUN 2008 Rev. 3 1-19

BHT-412-MD-4 MANUFACTURER’S DATA

1-15-A. FIRE DETECTION be accomplished by pulling jettison handles

located on doorpost forward of each crew
A set of heat sensing elements is mounted to door.
the cowling and forward firewall for each
power section. A fire or overheat condition 1-15-E-2. WINDOW JETTISON
will cause the FIRE PULL handle for the
affected power section to illuminate. If cabin sliding doors or hinged panels cannot
be opened, emergency escape is possible by
A smoke detector is mounted at the forward pushing on the corners of windows in sliding
end of the baggage compartment ceiling. doors to jettison windows.
Smoke in the baggage compartment will
cause the BAGGAGE FIRE warning light in the 1-16. VOICE/FLIGHT DATA
instrument panel to flash intermittently. RECORDER
1-15-B. ENGINE FIRE Voice/flight data recorder system consists of a
EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM flight data recorder, cockpit voice recorder, air
data computer, flight data acquisition unit,
A fire extinguishing bottle for each power and impact switch.
section is mounted in the aft fuselage. These
bottles are connected in such a way as to Flight data acquisition unit gathers data from
allow either or both bottles to be discharged air data computer, various instruments, and
onto either engine. Pulling the FIRE PULL other sensors and transmits data to flight data
handle of the affected power section closes recorder. Flight data acquisition unit is DC
the bypass door in the air management po we red and flig ht da ta record er is AC
system, closes the fuel shutoff valve, closes powered. FDR SYS FAIL caution light, located
both heater bleed air valves, and arms both on the instrument panel, indicates either flight
fire bottles. The fire extinguisher selector data acquisition unit or flight data recorder is
switch may then be used to discharge the inoperative. Each of these units is protected
main and reserve fire extinguisher bottles by an FDR circuit breaker located in nose of
individually. helicopter.

1-15-C. PORTABLE FIRE Cockpit voice recorder records voice signals

from pilot intercom, copilot intercom, and
EXTINGUISHERS
area transmitters. It also records a time signal
Two portable fire extinguishers are mounted from flight data acquisition unit. Cockpit voice
in the cabin, one on the cabin floor to the right recorder tape is 30 minutes long, and will
of the pilot seat, and the other on the write over previously recorded information
doorpost aft of the copilot seat. after 30 minutes has expired. Recording will
cease if impact switch is tripped. Cockpit
voice recorder is DC powered and is
1-15-D. FIRST AID KIT
protected by CVR circuit located in nose of
A portable first aid kit is attached to the left helicopter. A functional test can be performed
s i d e o f t h e p e d e s ta l b y h o o k a n d p i l e by pressing TEST switch on COCKPIT VOICE
fasteners. RECORDER control head, located on
pedestal, and verifying meter reads GOOD.
Erase switch is deactivated and performs no
1-15-E. EMERGENCY EXITS
function.
1-15-E-1. DOOR JETTISON
Both recorders are powered automatically
If crew doors will not open, door jettison can and require no pilot action for operation.

1-20 Rev. 3 17 JUN 2008

MANUFACTURER’S DATA BHT-412-MD-4

Figure 1-1. Principal Dimensions

30 SEP 2002 1-21

BHT-412-MD-4 MANUFACTURER’S DATA

Figure 1-2. Instrument Panel (Sheet 1 of 3)

1-22 30 SEP 2002

MANUFACTURER’S DATA BHT-412-MD-4

BASIC USABLE
FUEL CAPACITY
2247 LBS
WITH AUX FUEL KIT
412-706-007
3358 LBS
412-706-009
2468 LBS
(JET A AT 15°C)

412EP_MD_01_0004

Figure 1-2. Instrument Panel (Sheet 2 of 3)

31 OCT 2007 Rev. 2 1-23

BHT-412-MD-4 MANUFACTURER’S DATA

412EP_MD_01_0004

Figure 1-2. Instrument Panel (Sheet 3 of 3)

1-24 Rev. 2 31 OCT 2007

MANUFACTURER’S DATA BHT-412-MD-4

Figure 1-3. Collective Control Panel

30 SEP 2002 1-25

BHT-412-MD-4 MANUFACTURER’S DATA

Figure 1-4. Pedestal

1-26 30 SEP 2002

MANUFACTURER’S DATA BHT-412-MD-4

Figure 1-5. Hourmeter Panel

30 SEP 2002 1-27

BHT-412-MD-4 MANUFACTURER’S DATA

NOTES
1 S/N 36248 and subsequent (see sheet 2). EMERGENCY BUS
RAD
2 5 if installed. ESSENTIAL BUS
ALT 1
INST NON-ESSENTIAL BUS
3 3 if installed.
CPLT
412_MD_01_4_0002_C01

Figure 1-6. Overhead Console (Sheet 1 of 3)

1-28 Rev. 3 17 JUN 2008

MANUFACTURER’S DATA BHT-412-MD-4

AC AC
EFIS
NO 1 XMSN ENG 1 EFIS AFCS ATTD NO 1 XMSN ENG 1 EFIS AFCS RATE
HYD OIL OIL FUEL LF 26V 26V 26V HYD OIL OIL FUEL LF 26V 26V GYRO
1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1 1 1 1 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1 1 1 1
PRESS PRESS PRESS PRESS ADF NO 1 NO 1 NO 1 PRESS PRESS PRESS PRESS ADF NO 1 NO 1 NO 1
AC AC
DC ATTD
BUS 1 RAD EFIS NO 1 BUS 1 115 GYRO RAD EFIS NO 1

1 5 5 5 5 5 1 5 5 5 5 5
VM ALT 1 BLWR SG/DL HSI ADI VM NO 1 NO 1 ALT 1 BLWR SG/DC HSI ADI

AC NAV-COM AC NAV-COM
WX WX MKR LF VHF 1 WX WX MKR LF VHF 1

1 10 5 5 5 5 71/2 5 5 5 5 71/2
RDR RDR BCN ADF DME NAV 1 COMM RDR RDR BCN ADF DME NAV 1 COMM
STAB STAB
WINDSHIELD HEAT WINDSHIELD HEAT
LH RH STBY AIR ICS CABIN LH RH AIR ICS CABIN
2 5 5 5 5
CONTR PWR CONTR PWR ATTD BLWR CABIN HTR CONTR PWR CONTR PWR BLWR CABIN HTR

AIR ENG PITOT AIR ENG PITOT

AFCS DATA GOV HOUR CLOCK AHRS ICS HTR AFCS DATA GOV HOUR CLOCK ICS HTR

71/2 5 5 1/2 1 3 5 71/2 71/2 5 5 1/2 1 5 71/2

NO 1 DIS CONTR METER CPLT CPLT CPLT CPLT NO 1 DIS CONTR METER CPLT CPLT CPLT

LIGHTING LIGHTING
INST INST MAP LDG LDG INST INST MAP LDG LDG
71/2 5 5 3 3 5 5 25 71/2 5 5 3 3 5 5 25
POSN CSL PED SEC CPLT CPLT CONTR PWR POSN CSL PED SEC CPLT CPLT CONTR PWR

NOTES
1 S/N 36248 and subsequent.
RAD

2 5 if installed.
ALT 1

3 If installed.

412_MD_01_4_0003_C01

Figure 1-6. Overhead Console (Sheet 2 of 3)

17 JUN 2008 Rev. 3 1-29

BHT-412-MD-4 MANUFACTURER’S DATA

Figure 1-6. Overhead Console (Sheet 3 of 3)

1-30 30 SEP 2002

MANUFACTURER’S DATA BHT-412-MD-4

Figure 1-7. Fuel System (Sheet 1 of 2)

30 SEP 2002 1-31

BHT-412-MD-4 MANUFACTURER’S DATA

Figure 1-7. Fuel System (Sheet 2 of 2)

1-32 30 SEP 2002

MANUFACTURER’S DATA BHT-412-MD-4

Figure 1-8. Fuel Burn Sequence

30 SEP 2002 1-33

BHT-412-MD-4 MANUFACTURER’S DATA

Figure 1-9. DC Electrical System

1-34 30 SEP 2002

MANUFACTURER’S DATA BHT-412-MD-4

Figure 1-10. AC Electrical System

30 SEP 2002 1-35

BHT-412-MD-4 MANUFACTURER’S DATA

Table 1-1. DC Electrical System Bus Loading (Nonessential Buses)

NONESSENTIAL DC BUS 1 NONESSENTIAL DC BUS 2
NAV-COM SYSTEMS NAV-COM SYSTEMS
Marker beacon VHF 2 communication
LF ADF (receiver) NAV 2
DME VLF NAV
Cabin ICS Radar altimeter
Radar Altimeter Identification transponder
Weather Radar Encoding Altimeter
LIGHTING SYSTEMS LIGHTING SYSTEMS
Position lights Anticollision light
Console lights Baggage compartment
Pedestal lights Cabin dome light
Secondary instrument lights Hoist power
Copilot instrument lights Hoist Control
Copilot map light
Landing light power
Landing light control
MISCELLANEOUS SYSTEMS MISCELLANEOUS SYSTEMS
Cabin heater Air blower
Vent blower
NOTES:
1. Automatically sheds with one generator inoperative, but can be reenergized by placing the
nonessential bus switch in the MANUAL position.

2. Sheds for 90 minute flight with electrical power supplied by battery only and with emergency
load switch in EMERG LOAD position.

Table 1-2. DC Electrical System Bus Loading (Essential Buses)

ESSENTIAL DC BUS 1 ESSENTIAL DC BUS 2
NAV-COM SYSTEMS
NAV 1
Copilot ICS
FLIGHT INSTRUMENT SYSTEM
AHRS Copilot (S/N 36248 and sub) or,
Copilot Rate Turn Indicator (Prior to S/N 35248)
LIGHTING SYSTEMS LIGHTING SYSTEMS
Emergency light Pilot instrument light
Engine instrument light
Utility light

1-36 30 SEP 2002

MANUFACTURER’S DATA BHT-412-MD-4

Table 1-2. DC Electrical System Bus Loading (Essential Buses) (Cont)

ESSENTIAL DC BUS 1 ESSENTIAL DC BUS 2
ENGINE 1 SYSTEMS ENGINE 2 SYSTEMS
Generator 1 reset Generator 2 reset
Fuel transfer pump Fuel boost pump
Fuel boost pump Fuel crossfeed valve
Fuel crossfeed valve Fuel control
Fuel control Fuel control heater
Fuel control heater Ignition
Ignition Start relay
Start relay Particle separator
Particle separator
NO 1 HYDRAULIC SYSTEM NO 2 HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
Hydraulic system power Hydraulic system power
Temperature indicator Temperature indicator
CAUTION/WARNING SYSTEM CAUTION/WARNING SYSTEM
Engine 1 rpm Engine 2 rpm
Rotor rpm
MISCELLANEOUS SYSTEMS MISCELLANEOUS SYSTEMS
Copilot pitot/static system heater Pilot windshield wiper
Copilot windshield wiper
RPM governor control
Nonessential bus power
Hourmeter
AFCS 1
Air Data Display
Copilot clock

NOTE:

Sheds for 90 minute flight with electrical power supplied by battery only and with emergency
load switch in EMERG LOAD position.

30 SEP 2002 1-37

BHT-412-MD-4 MANUFACTURER’S DATA

Table 1-3. DC Electrical System Bus Loading (Emergency Bus)

EMERGENCY DC BUS 1 EMERGENCY DC BUS 2
NAV-COMM SYSTEMS NAV-COMM SYSTEMS
VHF 1 communication Pilot ICS

FLIGHT INSTRUMENT SYSTEM FLIGHT INSTRUMENT SYSTEM

Standby Attitude Indicator (S/N 36248 and sub) AHRS Pilot (S/N 36248 and sub) or,
Pilot Rate Turn Indicator
(Prior to S/N 36248)
Standby Attitude Indicator
(Prior to S/N 36248)
ENGINE 1 SYSTEMS ENGINE 2 SYSTEMS
Fuel shutoff valve Fuel shutoff valve
Fuel interconnect valve Fuel interconnect valve
Oil temperature indicator Oil temperature indicator
ITT indicator ITT indicator
Fuel quantity indicator Fuel quantity indicator
Torque Fuel transfer pump
Idle stop (Engine 1 and 2) Torque
CAUTION/WARNING SYSTEM CAUTION/WARNING SYSTEM
Master caution panel Caution fail light
Engine 1 Fire detector Engine 2 fire detector
Main fire extinguisher Reserve fire extinguisher
Baggage compartment smoke detector
MISCELLANEOUS SYSTEMS MISCELLANEOUS SYSTEMS
Combining gearbox oil temperature indicator Transmission oil temperature indicator
AHRS Fan Relay (S/N 36248 and sub)
Inverter 1 power Pilot pitot/static system heater
AFCS 2
Force trim
Inverter 2 power
Mast torque
Search light power
Search light control
Pilot map light
Pilot clock
Step
Hoist cable cut
Cargo hook release
Emergency floats
Pilot AHRS (S/N 36248 and sub)

1-38 30 SEP 2002

MANUFACTURER’S DATA BHT-412-MD-4

Table 1-4. DC Electrical Controls

CIRCUIT
SWITCH LOCATION POSITIONS BREAKER LOCATION

BATTERY BUS 1 Overhead OFF/ON NO. 1 BUS BAT Pedestal

Console (Magnetic) Hourmeter Panel
BATTERY BUS 2 Overhead OFF/ON NO. 2 BUS BAT Pedestal
Console (Magnetic) Hourmeter Panel
GEN 1 Overhead RESET/OFF/ON GEN 1 FIELD Left Overhead
Console CB Panel
GEN 2 Overhead RESET/OFF/ON GEN 2 FIELD Right Overhead
Console CB Panel
NON-ESNTL BUS Overhead MANUAL/ GEN 1 RESET Left Overhead
Console NORMAL CB Panel
START Pilot Collective ENG 1/ENG 2 GEN 2 RESET Right Overhead
Stick CB Panel
EMERG LOAD Overhead NORMAL/ ENGINE NO 1 START Left Overhead
Console EMERG LOAD RELAY CB Panel
ENGINE NO 2 START Right Overhead
RELAY CB Panel
NO 1 ESNTL BUS Left Overhead
FEEDERS (2) CB Panel
NO 1 ESNTL BUS Right Overhead
FEEDERS (2) CB Panel
NO 2 ESNTL BUS Left Overhead
FEEDERS (2) CB Panel
NO 2 ESNTL BUS Right Overhead
FEEDERS (2) CB Panel
NON ESS BUS Left Overhead
Aux CB Panel
EMERG BUS INTCT Right Overhead
CB Panel

30 SEP 2002 1-39

BHT-412-MD-4 MANUFACTURER’S DATA

Table 1-5. AC Electrical System Bus Loading

NO 1 INVERTER
115 VAC BUS 1 115 VAC BUS 2
Bus 1 voltmeter Bus 2 voltmeter
Copilot HSI Pilot HSI
Copilot gyro compass (prior to S/N 36248) Pilot gyro compass (prior to S/N 36248)

26 VAC BUS 1 26 VAC BUS 2

No 1 hydraulic pressure indicator No 2 hydraulic pressure indicator
Copilot HSI Pilot HSI
Transmission oil pressure indicator Combining gearbox oil pressure indicator

Engine 1 oil pressure indicator Engine 2 oil pressure indicator

Engine 1 fuel pressure indicator Engine 2 fuel pressure indicator
LF ADF (bearing pointer)

1 115 VAC EMERGENCY BUS 1 26 VAC EMERGENCY BUS

Pilot attitude system AFCS 2
AHRS fans (S/N 36248 and sub) Rate gyro 2 (prior to S/N 36248)
ATTD 2 (S/N 36248 and sub)

NO 2 INVERTER
115 VAC BUS 3 26 VAC BUS 3
AFCS 1 AFCS 1
Copilot attitude system Rate gyro 1 (prior to S/N 36248)
ATTD 1 (S/N 36248 and sub)
NOTE:
1 Does not shed when emergency load switch is in EMERG LOAD position.

1-40 30 SEP 2002