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UL 558

Industrial Trucks, Internal Combustion

Engine-Powered

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APRIL 30, 2013 − UL 558 tr1

UL Standard for Safety for Industrial Trucks, Internal Combustion Engine-Powered, UL 558

Tenth Edition, Dated January 10, 2012

Summary of Topics

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These revisions to ANSI/UL 558 include:

Addition of natural gas requirements

Additional wire types

Use of biofuels

Use of corrosion resistant material on muffler / DPF

Editorial corrections

The new and revised requirements are substantially in accordance with Proposal(s) on this subject dated
October 12, 2012, February 15, 2013, and March 1, 2013.

Text that has been changed in any manner or impacted by UL’s electronic publishing system is marked
with a vertical line in the margin. Changes in requirements are marked with a vertical line in the margin
and are followed by an effective date note indicating the date of publication or the date on which the
changed requirement becomes effective.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or
transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical photocopying, recording, or otherwise
without prior permission of UL.

UL provides this Standard ″as is″ without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, including but
not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for any purpose.

In no event will UL be liable for any special, incidental, consequential, indirect or similar damages,
including loss of profits, lost savings, loss of data, or any other damages arising out of the use of or the
inability to use this Standard, even if UL or an authorized UL representative has been advised of the
possibility of such damage. In no event shall UL’s liability for any damage ever exceed the price paid for
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Users of the electronic versions of UL’s Standards for Safety agree to defend, indemnify, and hold UL
harmless from and against any loss, expense, liability, damage, claim, or judgment (including reasonable
attorney’s fees) resulting from any error or deviation introduced while purchaser is storing an electronic
Standard on the purchaser’s computer system.

The requirements in this Standard are now in effect, except for those paragraphs, sections, tables, figures,
and/or other elements of the Standard having future effective dates as indicated in the note following the
affected item. The prior text for requirements that have been revised and that have a future effective date
are located after the Standard, and are preceded by a ″SUPERSEDED REQUIREMENTS″ notice.

The following table lists the future effective dates with the corresponding reference.

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tr2 APRIL 30, 2013 − UL 558

Future Effective Date Reference

May 17, 2013 Paragraph(s) 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, and 8.5
January 10, 2015 Paragraph(s) 11.1.3, 27.3, 31.4.1, and 31.4.2
April 30, 2015 Paragraph(s) 11.1.1, [Link], 11.1.5, 11.1.6, 17.1.1,
17.1.2, 17.2.1, 17.3.2, 17.3.3, 17.4.4, 17.6.1, [Link],
25.1.3, 26.1.1; Sections 11.2, 11.2A, 11.3, 11.3A, 11.5,

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11.6, 11.7, 11.8, 16, 17.7; and Figure 43.1

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JANUARY 10, 2012
(Title Page Reprinted: April 30, 2013)
ANSI/UL 558-2013
1

UL 558

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Standard for Industrial Trucks, Internal Combustion Engine–Powered

The first edition was titled the Standard for LP-Gas Industrial Trucks.

First Edition – September, 1958

Second Edition – September, 1961
Third Edition – July, 1970
Fourth Edition – April, 1972
Fifth Edition – November, 1977
Sixth Edition – November, 1979
Seventh Edition – June, 1984
Eighth Edition – August, 1991
Ninth Edition – June, 1996

Tenth Edition

January 10, 2012

This ANSI/UL Standard for Safety consists of the Tenth Edition including
revisions through April 30, 2013.

The most recent designation of ANSI/UL 558 as an American National Standard

(ANSI) occurred on April 30, 2013. ANSI approval for a standard does not include
the Cover Page, Transmittal Pages, Title Page, or effective date information.

Comments or proposals for revisions on any part of the Standard may be

submitted to UL at any time. Proposals should be submitted via a Proposal
Request in UL’s On-Line Collaborative Standards Development System (CSDS)
at [Link]

UL’s Standards for Safety are copyrighted by UL. Neither a printed nor electronic
copy of a Standard should be altered in any way. All of UL’s Standards and all
copyrights, ownerships, and rights regarding those Standards shall remain the
sole and exclusive property of UL.

COPYRIGHT © 2013 UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES INC.

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CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7

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2 Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
3 Units of Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
4 Undated References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
5 Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
6 Reference Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
7 Samples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8

CONSTRUCTION

TYPES G, D, LP, AND CN

8 Electrical Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
9 Exhaust Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8B
10 Fuel Systems – Gasoline and Diesel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8B
10.1 Tanks and pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8B
10.2 Fuel lines, tubing, and fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
10.3 Nonmetallic parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
10.4 Corrosion resistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
10.5 Carburetors and backfire preventers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
11 Fuel Systems – LP & CN-Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
11.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
11.2 Fuel containers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
11.2A LP Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
11.3 Fuel lines and fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
11.3A CN Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
11.5 Vaporizers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
11.6 Safety-control and -relief devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
11.7 Nonmetallic parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
11.8 Corrosion resistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
12 Air Conditioning and Heating Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16

TYPES GS, DS, LPS, AND CNS

13 Electrical Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17

14 Exhaust Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
15 Fuel Systems – Gasoline and Diesel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18

TYPES G/LP, G/CN, GS/LPS, AND GS/CNS

16 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
17 Fuel System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
17.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
17.2 Gasoline and LP-gas components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
17.3 LP and CN-gas fuel system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
17.4 Fuel changeover – gasoline carburetor and LP or CN air valve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
17.5 Fuel changeover – gasoline fuel injection and LP or CN air valve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20A
17.6 Fuel changeover – gasoline fuel injection and electronically controlled LP or CN air valve
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20A
17.7 Fuel changeover – gasoline and LP fuel injection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20A

TYPE DY

18 Electrical Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20B

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19 Exhaust Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20B
20 Fuel Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20B
21 Temperature Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
22 Temperature Cutoffs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21

PERFORMANCE – ALL TYPES

23 Temperature Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23

23.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
23.2 Fork and platform trucks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
23.3 Load-carrying trucks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
24 Fuel-Consumption Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
25 Exhaust System Test – Type G, GS, DS, LP, CN, LPS, CNS, G/LP, G/CN, GS/LPS, and
GS/CNS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
25.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
25.2 Types G, LP, and G/LP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
25.3 Types GS, DS, LPS, GS/LPS and DY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26
26 LP-Gas Container Bracket Load Test – Types LP, LPS, G/LP, and GS/LPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26A

AUTOMOTIVE-TYPE COMPONENTS

CONSTRUCTION

27 Electrically Operated Fuel Pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26B

28 Fill and Vent Fittings – Self-Closing Type – Types GS, DS, G/LP, GS/LPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29
29 Manual-Disconnect Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29
30 Changeover Switch – Dual Fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31

PERFORMANCE

31 Vibration Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32

31.1 Electric fuel pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32
31.2 Mechanical-disconnect switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32
31.3 Fuel filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32
31.4 Test method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32
31.5 Metallic tube fitting vibration test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33
32 Endurance Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
32.1 Electric fuel pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
32.2 Mechanical disconnect switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
32.3 Fill and vent fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
33 Dielectric Voltage-Withstand Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
34 10-Day Moist Ammonia-Air Stress Cracking Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
35 Explosion Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36
36 Hydrostatic-Strength Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
37 Tube-Fitting Pull Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38
38 Marking-Plate-Adhesion Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39
38.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39
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38.2 Oven aging test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39

38.3 Immersion test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39
38.4 Standard atmosphere test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39
39 Backfire Deflector Element Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40

MANUFACTURING AND PRODUCTION TESTS

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40 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40
41 Industrial Trucks, Types LP, CN, LPS, CNS, G/LP, G/CN, GS/LPS and GS/CNS . . . . . . . . . . .40
42 Industrial Trucks, Type DY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41

MARKING

43 Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41

ELECTRICAL ACCESSORIES FOR FIELD INSTALLATION BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL

44 Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
45 Marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43

SUPPLEMENT SA - NONMETALLIC MATERIALS USED IN INDUSTRIAL TRUCK ENGINE

COMPARTMENTS

GENERAL

SA1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .SA1

FLAMMABILITY TESTS

SA2 Test Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .SA1

SA3 Vertical Burning Test for Classifying Materials V-0 or V-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .SA1
SA4 Horizontal Burning Test for Classifying Materials HF-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .SA2
SA5 3/4-Inch Flame Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .SA3

SUPPLEMENT SB - INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE-POWERED INDUSTRIAL/COMMERCIAL

FLOOR CLEANING MACHINES

GENERAL

SB1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .SB1

SB2 Application of Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .SB1

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PERFORMANCE

SB3 Temperature Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .SB1

SB4 Operation Test For Push Type Floor Cleaners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .SB1
SB5 Fuel-Consumption Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .SB2
SB6 Overfill Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .SB2

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SUPPLEMENT SC - TEST FLUIDS

SC1 Ethanol test fluids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .SC1

SC2 Biodiesel Test Fluids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .SC2

APPENDIX A

Standards for Components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A1

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INTRODUCTION

1 Scope

1.1 These requirements cover the fire safety aspects of industrial trucks with internal-combustion
engines, such as tractors, platform-lift trucks, fork-lift trucks, and other specialized vehicles for industrial

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use. These requirements do not cover other possible safety aspects of such equipment.

1.2 These requirements do not cover farm or road vehicles or automotive vehicles for highway use.

1.3 The Fire Safety Standard for Powered Industrial Trucks Including Type Designations, Areas of Use,
Conversions, Maintenance, and Operations, NFPA 505, identifies internal combustion engine powered
industrial trucks as follows:

Types G, D, LP, CN, G/CN, and G/LP – A unit powered by gasoline (G), diesel (D), LP-gas
(LP), compressed natural gas (CN), either gasoline or compressed natural gas (G/CN), or either
gasoline or liquefied petroleum gas (G/LP), that has minimum acceptable safeguards against
inherent fire hazards.

Types GS, DS, LPS, CNS, GS/CNS, and GS/LPS – A unit powered by gasoline (GS), diesel
(DS), LP-gas (LPS), compressed natural gas (CNS), either gasoline or compressed natural gas
(GS/CNS), or either gasoline or liquefied petroleum gas (GS/LPS) that, in addition to meeting all
the requirements for Types G, D, LP, CN, G/CN, and G/LP, is provided with additional
safeguards to the exhaust, fuel and electric systems.

Type DY – A diesel-powered unit that has all the safeguards of Type DS units and, in addition,
any electric equipment is completely enclosed and equipped with temperature limitation
features.
Revised 1.3 effective April 30, 2015

2 Components

2.1 Except as indicated in 2.2, a component of a product covered by this standard shall comply with the
requirements for that component. See Appendix A for a list of standards covering components generally
used in the products covered by this standard.

2.2 A component need not comply with a specific requirement that:

a) Involves a feature or characteristic not needed in the application of the component in the
product covered by this standard, or

b) Is superseded by a requirement in this standard.

2.3 A component shall be used in accordance with its recognized rating established for the intended
conditions of use.

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2.4 Specific components are recognized as being incomplete in construction features or restricted in
performance capabilities. Such components are intended for use only under limited conditions, such as
certain temperatures not exceeding specified limits and shall be used only under those specific conditions
for which they have been recognized.

3 Units of Measurement

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3.1 If a value for measurement is followed by a value in other units in parentheses, the first stated value
is the requirement.

4 Undated References

4.1 Any undated reference to a code or standard appearing in the requirements of this standard shall be
interpreted as referring to the latest edition of that code or standard.

5 Terminology

5.1 In the following text, the term truck is used to mean an industrial combustion engine-powered
industrial truck. The type or types of truck(s) to which a specific requirement applies is identified by the
heading under which the requirement is located and by specific references in the text to the applicable
requirements.

6 Reference Standards

6.1 The reference standard that applies to power-operated industrial trucks is the Fire Safety Standard
for Powered Industrial Trucks Including Type Designations, Areas of Use, Conversions, Maintenance and
Operations, NFPA 505, which relates to a classification of industrial trucks as to areas of use,
maintenance, and operation.

7 Samples

7.1 Unless otherwise expressly stated herein, the performance of an industrial truck shall be satisfied by
the testing of a representative model or a new vehicle.

CONSTRUCTION

TYPES G, D, LP, AND CN

8 Electrical Systems

8.1 All wiring shall comply with one of the following, as applicable to the intended use which include, but
not limited to, temperature, voltage, and current ratings for the wire:

a) The Standard for Appliance Wiring Material, UL 758;

b) The Standard for Thermoplastic-Insulated Wires and Cables, UL 83;

c) The Standard for Flexible Cords and Cables, UL 62;

d) The Standard for Low Voltage Primary Cable, SAE J1128

e) Outline for Battery Leads, UL 2726;

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f) The Standard for Low Voltage Battery Cable, SAE J1127;

g) Outline for Welding Cable, UL 1276;

h) The Standard for Electrical Cables for Boats, UL 1426;

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i) The Standard for Machine-Tool Wires and Cables, UL 1063; or

j) The Standard for Fixture Wire, UL 66.

Revised 8.1 effective May 17, 2013

8.2 The wiring of a truck shall be rated for the particular application with respect to the temperature and
voltage, exposure to oil or grease, and other conditions of service to which the wiring is subjected.
8.2 effective May 17, 2013

8.3 Wiring shall be protected against mechanical damage by:

a) Enclosing it in the body of the truck; or when mounted on masts, booms, lifts or similar
parts, the wiring shall be installed so as to reduce the likelihood of mechanical damage and
kinking;

b) Enclosing it in metal raceway, such as armored cable, rigid metal conduit, or electrical
metallic and nonmetallic tubing, flexible nonmetallic conduit or nonmetallic insulated tubing; or

c) Other suitable method in which the wiring is protected sufficiently against mechanical
damage.
8.3 effective May 17, 2013

8.4 Wiring and cables shall be installed with means for maintaining clearance from moving parts, hot
engine parts, exhaust systems and fuel systems, and shall not be supported on surfaces that are
subjected to accumulation of oil or grease as a result of servicing.

8.5 Wiring and cables shall not be located such to allow exposure to drippage of fuel, oil, or grease, and
shall not be supported on oil- or grease-retaining surfaces.
8.5 effective May 17, 2013

8.6 If an audible electrical warning device is employed, its coil and other electrical parts shall be enclosed
in metal or an equivalent material. Among the factors that are to be taken into consideration when judging
the equivalency of a nonmetallic enclosure are:

a) The mechanical strength,

b) Resistance to impact,

c) Moisture-absorptive properties,

d) Flammability, and

f) Resistance to distortion at temperatures to which the material is subjected under conditions

of normal or abnormal usage.

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8.7 Each lighting-device, warning-device, or other auxiliary circuits shall be protected by a fuse or a circuit
breaker of the size necessary to reduce the likelihood of overheating of the smallest conductor in the
circuit. A fuse conforming with the Standard for Electric Fuses, ANSI/SAE J554, the applicable parts of
the UL 248 series of standards, the Standard for Automotive Glass Tube Fuses, UL 275 or the Outline of
Investigation for Automotive Blade Type Fuses, UL 275A shall be considered acceptable. A circuit breaker
conforming to the Standard for Circuit Breakers, ANSI/SAE J553 or the Standard for Molded-Case Circuit

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Breakers, Molded-Case Switches and Circuit-Breaker Enclosures, UL 489, shall be considered
acceptable.
8.7 revised April 30, 2013

8.8 Electrical components located near foot-operated controls shall be located or protected so as to
prevent damage to these components from the operator’s feet during operation of the controls.

9 Exhaust Systems

9.1 The exhaust system beyond the manifold shall be supported at least 3 inches (76.2 mm) clear of
flammable materials, excluding flexible mountings, and at least 2 inches (50.8 mm) clear of fuel- and
electrical-system parts and shall not subject to drippage of fuel, oil, or grease. See also Temperature
Tests, Section 23.

Exception: Lesser clearances shall be allowed when the maximum temperatures obtained during the
Temperature Test, Section 23, do not exceed the established rating of the component.

9.2 The exhaust system shall conform with the test requirements of the Exhaust System Test, Section 25.

9.3 A muffler and/or catalytic converter shall be provided on each truck.

10 Fuel Systems – Gasoline and Diesel

10.1 Tanks and pumps

10.1.1 A fuel tank shall be constructed of painted mild steel having a minimum thickness of 0.032 inch
(0.81 mm) or material equivalent in strength, rigidity, and resistance to fire and corrosion. The joints shall
be welded, brazed, soldered, or bonded. If soldered or bonded, the joints shall be of a construction that
will retain the heads if the solder or bonding melts. Fittings and fill pipe, if soldered or bonded, shall be
mechanically secured to the tank in addition to soldering or bonding.

10.1.2 A fuel tank shall not be located directly over the engine. If a tank is within or contiguous to the
engine compartment, the tank or fill arrangement, or both, shall be isolated from the electrical and exhaust
systems by a separate enclosure or by baffles. The tank location and the facilities for filling shall be such
that spillage or leakage will drain to the ground and not into the engine compartment or onto electrical- or
exhaust-system parts.

10.1.3 A fuel tank and fill fitting shall be so located as to minimize the possibility of damage to the tank
or its fittings.

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10.1.4 A shut-off valve shall be provided in an accessible location near the tank on gravity-feed systems
or on systems where the fuel in the tank is subject to discharge by siphon action if the fuel line breaks.

10.2 Fuel lines, tubing, and fittings

10.2.1 Metallic fuel lines, except those used in a high-pressure injection system, shall be of seamless

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annealed copper or steel tubing. Flexible tubing, hose, or a vibration loop shall be used where necessary
to absorb vibration. Flexible tubing or hose shall be of the length necessary to span between the fixed and
moving parts.

10.2.2 Nonmetallic fuel tubing or hoses shall be provided with appropriate traceability to validate
conformance with the Standard for Nonmetallic Fuel System Tubing with One or More Layers, SAE J2260
or the Standard for Fuel and Oil Hoses, SAE J30.

10.2.3 Fuel system assemblies (eg. each fuel line and fitting configuration) shall be provided with
appropriate traceability to validate conformance with the Standard for Fuel System Tubing Assemblies,
SAE J2045.

Exception: Fuel system assembly (e.g. each fuel line and fitting configuration) shall not pull off fittings or
fail when subjected to a 20 pound-force (89 N) axial pull test applied over a 1 minute period. The test shall
be conducted at ambient conditions of 21 ±5°C (70 ±9°F) with tubing or hose wetted with fuel. Hose shall
also be subjected to 70 hours at 100°C (212°F) aging and 48 hours of 0.125 inch amplitude vibration at
17 HZ before the pull test.
10.2.3 revised April 30, 2013

10.2.4 Fuel system assemblies that utilize quick connect fittings shall conform and be provided with
appropriate traceability to validate conformance with the Standard for Quick Connect Coupling
Specification For Liquid Fuel and Vapor/Emissions Systems, SAE J2044.

Exception: Fuel system assembly (e.g. each fuel line and fitting configuration) shall not pull off fittings or
fail when subjected to a 20 pound-force (89 N) axial pull test applied over a 1 minute period. The test shall
be conducted at ambient conditions of 21 ±5°C (70 ±9°F) with tubing or hose wetted with fuel. Hose shall
also be subjected to 70 hours at 100°C (212°F) aging and 48 hours of 0.125 inch amplitude vibration at
17 HZ before the pull test.
10.2.4 revised April 30, 2013

10.2.5 A body or fitting provided with tapered threads shall be threaded in accordance with the Standard
for Pipe Threads, General Purpose, (Inch), ANSI/ASME B1.20.1.
10.2.5 revised April 30, 2013

10.2.6 A fuel filter shall conform with the requirements in 31.3. When the fuel confining parts are
constructed of nonmetallic material, the assembly shall also conform with the requirements in 10.3.
10.2.6 revised April 30, 2013

10.2.7 Fuel lines shall be supported to minimize chafing and to maintain at least a 2 inch (50.8 mm)
clearance from exhaust- and electrical-system parts.

Exception: If it can be demonstrated that the fuel lines and wiring are sufficiently supported to prevent
the clearance from being reduced to less than 1/2 inch (12.7 mm), the clearance between fuel lines and
electrical-system parts may be reduced.
10.2.7 revised April 30, 2013

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10.2.8 Fuel feed lines, valves, and fittings shall be located so that any leakage will not run off or drip on
electrical- or exhaust-system parts.
10.2.8 revised April 30, 2013

10.3 Nonmetallic parts

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10.3.1 A nonmetallic part in contact with non-ethanol blended gasoline or diesel fuel shall not show
excessive volume change or loss of weight, when considered on the basis of its intended function,
following immersion for 70 hours at a temperature of 23 ±2°C (73.4 ±3.6°F) in the test liquid specified in
Table 10.1.

Exception No. 1: This requirement does not apply to fuel lines that conform with 10.2.3.

Exception No. 2: This requirement does not apply to fuel system assemblies that conform with 10.2.4.

Exception No. 3: This requirement does not apply to quick connect fittings that conform with 10.2.5.

Exception No. 4: This requirement does not apply to gasketing and seals that have been investigated to
the Standard for Gaskets and Seals, UL 157.
10.3.1 revised April 30, 2013

Table 10.1
Test liquids for nonmetallic materials

Liquid in contact with part Test liquid

Gasoline A and C Reference Fuels (ASTM D471 )
Diesel Oil IRM 903 Oil

10.3.2 A change in volume of not more than 25 percent swelling or 5 percent shrinkage, and a weight
loss (extraction) of not more than 10 percent is considered as indicating compliance with 10.3.1.

10.3.3 A nonmetallic part in contact with ethanol blended gasoline or biodiesel fuel (B5 to B20) shall be
evaluated in accordance with the Standard for Gaskets and Seals, UL 157, modified as follows:

a) Volume Change and Extraction Test except for the following modifications:

1) The test duration shall be 1000 hours;

2) The applicable test fluids shall be as described in Supplement SC; and

3) For all materials, the average volume change shall not exceed 40% swell (increase
in volume) or 1% shrinkage (decrease in volume). In addition, the weight loss shall not
exceed 10%.

b) Compression Set Test except for the following modifications:

1) The test duration shall be 1000 hours.

2) The samples shall be immersed, at room temperature, in the test fluids (see item iii)
while compressed for the entire test duration. No oven conditioning is required.

3) The applicable test fluids shall be as described in Supplement SC.

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4) The recovery period shall consist of removing the sample from the compression
device and immersing it in the applicable test fluid for 30 minutes at room temperature.
The sample shall not be allowed to dry out due to exposure to air. The 30-minute
immersion should use the same fluid as the test fluid for each sample.

5) For all materials, the average compressions set is calculated and shall not exceed

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35%.

Exception: This requirement does not apply to composite gasket materials as defined in accordance with
the Standard for Gaskets and Seals, UL 157.
10.3.3 added April 30, 2013

10.4 Corrosion resistance

10.4.1 If corrosion of a ferrous part will interfere with the proper functioning of a part, the part shall be
provided with a corrosion-resistant protective coating.

10.4.2 A part made of drawn brass or machined from brass rod shall be capable of withstanding, without
cracking, the 10 Day Moist Ammonia Air Stress Cracking Test, Section 34.

10.5 Carburetors and backfire preventers

10.5.1 An updraft carburetor, if used, shall be located so that overflow of gasoline due to excess choking
will flow to ground and not contact electrical parts and exhaust system, or collect in an engine
compartment. Nonmetallic drain hose, if used, shall be provided with appropriate traceability to validate
conformance with the Standard for Fuel and Oil Hoses, SAE J30.

10.5.2 A downdraft carburetor, if used, having an external float bowl vent opening, shall have a vent
overflow tube to direct fuel away from the engine in case of fuel overflow.

10.5.3 A backfire deflector shall be provided on each combustion air intake and, whether separate or a
part of an air cleaner, shall conform with the requirements in General, Section 39. If the backfire deflector
enclosure is constructed of nonmetallic material, the material shall have a flammability rating of no less
than V-1.

Exception: The material complies with the 20 mm (3/4 inch) flame test in the Standard for Polymeric
Materials – Use in Electrical Equipment Evaluations, UL 746C.

10.5.4 Nonmetallic hose employed for the connection of a carburetor air inlet to a backfire deflector air
outlet shall be constructed so that its inner surface is of a flame retardant material. When the non-metallic
hose is located so as to allow fuel to collect in the air intake hose, due to flooding of the carburetor, the
inner hose material shall also meet the test requirements specified in 10.3.2, inclusive.

10.5.5 Components located within the engine compartment or forming a part of the engine compartment
shall be constructed of metal, or if nonmetallic, shall be separated from the engine compartment by
complete baffles or be of a flame retardant material. This requirement is not intended to apply to hydraulic
hoses, water hoses, fuel hoses, wiring, battery, pulley belts or other small components.

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11 Fuel Systems – LP & CN-Gas

11.1 General

11.1.1 Each vehicle shall have the complete fuel system installed at the factory.

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Exception: Vehicles equipped to use a removable LP fuel container are permitted to be shipped without
the fuel container if a metal nameplate that identifies the correct fuel container assembly to be used is
attached adjacent to the container-mounting hardware, see 11.2A.1.5.
Revised 11.1.1 effective April 30, 2015

11.1.2 A valve and its connections on a container shall be protected to reduce the likelihood of damage
from unintentional contact with stationary objects or from loose objects thrown up from the road. A valve
shall be protected to reduce the likelihood of damage from collision, overturning, or the like. A part of the
vehicle is permitted to be used to provide such protection to a valve and its fittings.

11.1.3 Each applicable LP-Gas component, excluding fuel lines, hoses, and tanks, shall comply with the
requirements in the Outline for LP-Gas Automotive Accessories, UL 1337.
11.1.3 effective January 10, 2015

[Link] Each applicable CN-Gas component shall comply with the requirements in the Fuel System
Components for Natural Gas Powered Vehicles, CSA NGV3.1.
Added [Link] effective April 30, 2015

11.1.4 A fuel-system component shall be fastened to the vehicle to reduce the likelihood of loosening due
to vibration.

11.1.5 If a removable LP fuel container is used, means shall be provided in the fuel system to reduce the
likelihood of escape of fuel when the container is changed.
Revised 11.1.5 effective April 30, 2015

11.1.6 Fuel lines shall not be routed within the drivers compartment.
Added 11.1.6 effective April 30, 2015

11.2 Fuel containers

Relocated to 11.2A.1 effective April 30, 2015

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11.2A LP Gas
11.2A effective April 30, 2015

11.2A.1 Fuel containers

11.2 relocated as 11.2A.1 effective April 30, 2015

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11.2A.1.1 When a vehicle incorporates a non-removable ASME fuel container, the container shall have a
maximum allowable working pressure (MAWP) of 312 psig (2.15 MPa). It shall be marked with the ASME
″U″ symbol and the design working pressure.

11.2A.1.2 When a vehicle incorporates a non-removable DOT fuel container, the container shall be
constructed, tested, and marked for a minimum service pressure of 240 psig (1.7 MPa). It shall bear the
marking DOT-4B240, DOT-4BA240, DOT-4BW240, or DOT-4E240. A DOT fuel container assembly shall
comply with the requirements in the Outline of Investigation for LP-Gas Cylinder Assemblies, UL 2003.

11.2A.1.3 A removable fuel container shall be constructed to engage a substantial positioning pin or an
equivalent means to provide for intended positioning of the container when reinstalled so that the cylinder
remains within in the plan view of the truck.

11.2A.1.4 A removable-type container shall have the protection means for the fittings permanently
attached to the container.

11.2A.1.5 Vehicles equipped to use a removable fuel container are permitted to be shipped without the
fuel container if a nameplate that identifies the following is attached adjacent to the container-mounting
hardware:

a) Tank capacity (weight),

b) Type of mounting (horizontal or vertical),

c) Disconnect coupling (thread type), or

d) Type of withdrawal (liquid or gas).

11.2A.1.6 A fuel container shall be installed at not less than the minimum road clearance of the vehicle
in the area of the fuel container. This minimum clearance is to be measured to the bottom of the container
or to the lowest fitting.

11.2A.1.7 LP fuel container, if non-removable, and mounting assembly shall be secured in place on the
vehicle so as to comply with the requirements in the Container Load Test, Section 26.

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11.2A.2 Fuel lines and fittings

11.3 revised and relocated as 11.2A.2 effective April 30, 2015

11.2A.2.1 Piping from a fuel container to the first-stage regulator shall be iron, steel (black or galvanized),
brass, or copper pipe; seamless copper or steel tubing; flexible LP-Gas hose; or other equivalent piping
means.

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11.2A.2.2 Steel tubing shall have a minimum wall thickness of 0.049 inch (1.25 mm) and shall have a
corrosion resistant exterior coating such as paint. Copper tubing shall have a minimum wall thickness of
0.032 inch (0.81 mm) and shall be annealed. Aluminum piping or tubing shall not be used.

11.2A.2.3 A length of flexible hose of a type designated for use with LP-Gas shall be employed between
a removable container and any fixed fuel-system parts, and between any high-pressure parts on the frame
and parts that are mounted on the engine. Flexible hose longer than 60 inches (1.5 m) shall have stainless
steel wire braid reinforcement. Flexible hose and hose assemblies shall comply with the requirements in
the Standard for LP-Gas Hose, UL 21 and the Standard for Pigtails and Flexible Hose Connectors for
LP-Gas, UL 569.

11.2A.2.4 A tubing fitting or other fuel line fitting, including a pipe threaded fitting, shall be of a type
designated for use with LP-Gas.

11.2A.2.5 A cast fitting shall not be employed for either piping or tubing.

11.2A.2.6 A fuel line shall be supported to reduce the likelihood of chafing and to maintain at least a
2-inch (50.8-mm) clearance from exhaust- and electrical-system parts.

11.2A.2.7 Flexible hose passing through sheet metal shall be installed to reduce the likelihood of hose
abrasion, such as by use of clamps and grommets.

11.2A.2.8 A pipe-threaded fuel-system fitting, including a container fitting, shall be assembled using a
pipe-joint sealing compound intended for use with LP-Gas. A fuel-system connection, including the
container with any associated valve and fitting, shall be tested for leaks with a soap-and-water or
equivalent solution while the system is under LP-Gas pressure.

11.2A.2.9 The fuel container and associated valves and fittings are permitted to be tested separately
using air pressure.

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11.2A.3 Vaporizers
11.5 relocated as 11.2A.3 effective April 30, 2015

11.2A.3.1 Each vaporizer shall have a valve or plug located at or near the lowest portion of the section
occupied by the water or other heating medium to permit substantially complete draining of the vaporizer.
A vehicle cooling-system drain or water hose that completely drains the vaporizer is considered to comply

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with the intent of the requirement.

11.2A.3.2 Each vaporizer shall be marked with the design working pressure in psi (MPa).

11.2A.3.3 Engine exhaust gases shall not be used as a direct means of heat supply for the vaporization
of fuel unless the materials used for parts of the vaporizer in contact with the exhaust gases are resistant
to the corrosive action of the exhaust gases and the vaporizer system is constructed to prevent excessive
pressure.

11.2A.3.4 A vaporizer shall not be equipped with a fusible plug. A vaporizer shall comply with the
requirements in the Outline for LP-Gas Automotive Accessories, UL 1337.

11.2A.4 Safety-control and -relief devices

11.6 revised and relocated as 11.2A.4 effective April 30, 2015

11.2A.4.1 An automatic shut-off valve and all relief type valves shall be provided in the fuel system at
some point ahead of the inlet of the first-stage regulator, constructed to prevent flow of fuel when the
ignition is off and the engine not running or if the engine is to stop. This device shall permit the back flow
of fuel from the vaporizer in the event of a pressure build-up in the vaporizer. Automatic shut-off valves
shall comply with the requirements in the Outline for LP-Gas Automotive Accessories, UL 1337.

11.3 Fuel lines and fittings

Revised and relocated to 11.2A.2 effective April 30, 2015

11.3A CN Gas
Added 11.3A effective April 30, 2015

11.3A.1 Fuel containers

11.3A.1.1 A fuel container shall comply with the standard for Compressed Natural Gas Fuel Container
Integrity, Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 304 and the standard for Compressed Natural Gas
Vehicle Fuel Containers, ANSI NGV 2.

11.3A.1.2 CN fuel container and mounting assembly shall be secured in place on the vehicle so as to
comply with the requirements in the Container Load Test, Section 26.

11.3A.1.3 The CN container shall be protected from damage from road hazards, loading and unloading
cargo, direct sunlight, and exhaust heat.

11.3A.1.4 The CN container shall be positioned to prevent contact with truck components such as frame
members, body panels, brake lines and so forth that can lead to container fretting or abrasion over time.

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11.3A.1.5 Shields, if provided, shall be installed in a manner that prevents direct contact between the
shield and the fuel container and the trapping of solid materials or liquids between the shield and the fuel
container.

11.3A.2 Fuel lines and fittings

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11.3A.2.1 Rigid fuel lines shall comply with the Standard for Fuel System Components for Compressed
Natural Gas Powered Vehicles, CSA NGV3.1.

11.3A.2.2 Flexible fuel lines shall comply with the Standard for Hoses for Natural Gas Vehicles and
Dispensing Systems, ANSI/IAS NGV 4.2.

11.3A.2.3 When the fueling connection is separate of the CN fuel container, the connection shall
withstand a force of 150 lbs. when tested in the load directions in Figure 26.1.

11.5 Vaporizers
Relocated to 11.2A.3 effective April 30, 2015

11.6 Safety-control and -relief devices

Relocated to 11.2A.4 effective April 30, 2015

11.7 Nonmetallic parts

11.7 deleted effective April 30, 2015

11.8 Corrosion resistance

11.8 deleted effective April 30, 2015

12 Air Conditioning and Heating Systems

12.1 Refrigerant lines shall be routed to avoid operator exposure in the case of rupture.

Exception: Lines are not required to be protected from operator exposure if the components are properly
evaluated for hydrostatic characteristics defined in the Standard for Room Air Conditioners, UL 484.

12.2 Refrigerant lines shall be routed to avoid damage during operation. Lines installed external to the
frame or engine compartment shall have provisions to prevent coolant or refrigerant from contacting the
operator or bystanders in case of failure.

12.3 Adequate pressure relief shall be located on the refrigeration system in case there is a fire.
Acceptable pressure relief would be the use of rubber hoses that would melt in a fire and allow the
refrigerant to be released. If metal tubing with metal fittings are used, an appropriate refrigerant pressure
relief device shall be used.

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TYPES GS, DS, LPS, AND CNS

13 Electrical Systems

13.1 The electrical system shall comply with 8.1 – 8.8 and 13.2 – 13.9.

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13.2 Wiring terminals shall be protected by insulating boots or covers, unless they are intentionally
connected to ground on the truck frame when the truck is in operating condition.

13.3 Individual insulating boots shall be tight-fitting, completely enclose the terminal, and be acceptable
for the temperatures to which they are exposed.

13.4 Reusable type boots shall be provided on other than crimped, soldered, or riveted terminals.

13.5 Covers employed in lieu of insulating boots shall be of metal or equivalent material. Among the
factors taken into consideration are:

a) Mechanical strength,

b) Resistance to impact,

c) Moisture-absorptive properties,

d) Flammability, and

e) Resistance to distortion at temperatures to which the material is subjected under conditions

of normal or abnormal usage.

13.6 Spacings between positive terminals and metallic enclosures employed in lieu of boots shall be a
minimum of 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) or be separated by a nonconductive material not less than 1/32 inch (0.8
mm) thick that cannot be removed during normal operation or servicing.

13.7 Those portions of a component such as an alternator, motor, switch, relay, etc., which emit sparks
shall be totally enclosed.

13.8 When a nonmetallic enclosure is used to comply with 13.7, the enclosure shall comply with the
following requirements in the Standard for Polymeric Materials – Use in Electrical Equipment Evaluations,
UL 746C, Path II:

a) Material that complies with the 20 mm Flame Test.

Exception: Material with a flammability rating no less than V-1.

b) Mold Stress Relief.

c) Impact Resistance

Exception: When a component is determined to be suitably protected from incidental impact

during use and servicing.

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13.9 A manual-disconnect switch readily accessible to the operator when in his normal operating position
shall be installed in the battery and charging circuits to permit quick disconnect in case of an electrical
disturbance.

14 Exhaust Systems

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14.1 The exhaust system shall comply with 14.2 – 14.5 in addition to Exhaust Systems, Section 9.

14.2 The exhaust piping shall be formed of material having strength, rigidity, and resistance to corrosion
equivalent to mild-steel tubing having a minimum thickness of 0.053 inch (1.3 mm). When exhaust piping
is of multi-wall construction, one wall shall be formed of a solid metallic construction.

Exception: A corrosion resistant material, such as stainless steel, if used, may be less than 0.053 inch
(1.3 mm) thick, but no less than 0.015 inch (0.4 mm) thick. It shall also be protected within the body of the
truck, and comply with the Exhaust System Test, Section 25.

14.3 The muffler, catalytic converter, diesel particulate filter, or the like, shall be of welded or crimped
seam steel construction, using single or multi-wall material having a minimum thickness of 0.053 inch (1.3
mm).

Exception: A corrosion resistant material, such as stainless steel, if used, may be less than 0.053 inch
(1.3 mm) thick, but no less than 0.015 inch (0.4 mm) thick. It shall also be protected within the body of the
truck, and comply with the Exhaust System Test, Section 25.
14.3 revised April 30, 2013

14.4 An aspirator shall be of metal and have a backfire deflector securely connected to the fresh-air
intake. The backfire deflector shall prevent the passage of flame during backfire conditions and shall be
so located that, in the event its fastening means loosens, it shall remain securely connected to the air
intake system.

14.5 The exhaust system shall conform with the test requirements of the Exhaust System Test, Section
25.

15 Fuel Systems – Gasoline and Diesel

15.1 The fuel system shall comply with Fuel Systems, Section 10, with the exceptions and additions
detailed in 15.2 – 15.6.

15.2 A fuel tank shall be constructed of painted mild steel having a minimum thickness of 0.053 inch (1.3
mm) or material equivalent in strength, rigidity, and resistance to fire and corrosion. The joints shall be
welded, brazed, soldered or bonded. If soldered or bonded, the joints shall be of a construction that will
retain the heads if the solder or bonding melts. Fittings and fill pipe, if soldered or bonded, shall be
mechanically secured to the tank in addition to soldering or bonding.

15.3 The fuel tank shall have sufficient capacity for 8 hours of operation or shall have a reserve fuel
supply valved from the main tank for emergency operation. See Fuel-Consumption Test, Section 24.

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15.4 A valve employed for switching from a main fuel supply to a reserve fuel supply shall be permanently
and legibly marked with the function of each valve-lever position.

15.5 A hand-priming pump, or equivalent, shall be provided on Type DS and DY trucks to assure delivery
of fuel to the injector pump when restarting after the fuel supply has been exhausted.

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15.6 A self-closing type fill and vent fitting shall be provided. A fuel gauge of low-level indicator visible to
the operator shall be provided.

TYPES G/LP, G/CN, GS/LPS, AND GS/CNS

16 General

16.1 Types G/LP and G/CN industrial trucks shall comply with Sections 8 – 11, inclusive and Section 17.
Revised 16.1 effective April 30, 2015

16.2 Types GS/LPS and GS/CNSindustrial trucks shall comply with Sections 11 – 15, inclusive and
Section 17.
Revised 16.2 effective April 30, 2015

17 Fuel System

17.1 General

17.1.1 The gasoline tank shall be provided with a self-closing type fill and vent fitting provided with a
means to lock it in the closed position in order to prevent accidental opening.

Exception: The fill cap for Type G/LP and G/CN trucks may be of the threaded type with a suitable gasket
which is retained by a chain or other suitable means.
Revised 17.1.1 effective April 30, 2015

17.1.2 A gasoline fuel gauge shall be provided, visible to the operator during normal operation of the
vehicle, and a permanent marking shall be located near the fuel gauge indicating one of the following (as
applicable):

a) Gasoline tank must be at least one-quarter full when operating on LP-Gas.

b) Gasoline tank must be at least one-quarter full when operating on CN-Gas.

Revised 17.1.2 effective April 30, 2015

17.1.3 A shutoff means designed for use with gasoline shall be located between the fuel pump and the
intake. The fuel line between the shutoff means and the fuel pump shall be kept as short as possible.

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17.2 Gasoline and LP-gas components

17.2.1 Deleted effective April 30, 2015

17.3 LP and CN-gas fuel system

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17.3.1 Industrial trucks not employing permanently mounted LP-Gas fuel containers shall be provided
with a storage means for the female portion of the LP-Gas quick-connect coupling for use when the truck
is operated without the LP-Gas fuel container. The storage means shall be permanently mounted and so
located that the quick-connect coupling and associated hose are maintained within the plan form of the
vehicle. The storage means shall also prevent the accumulation of dirt and debris within the coupling.

17.3.2 Deleted effective April 30, 2015

17.3.3 A shut-off means designated for use with LP or CN-Gas shall be located between the fuel
container and the vaporizer. The fuel line between the shutoff means and the vaporizer shall be kept as
short as possible. The automatic shut-off valve required by 11.2A.4.1 meets the intent of this requirement.
Revised 17.3.3 effective April 30, 2015

17.4 Fuel changeover – gasoline carburetor and LP or CN air valve

17.4.1 A fuel changeover means shall be provided that prevents operation of both fuels at one time
except for the fuel remaining in the common fuel system components at the time of changeover.

17.4.2 The changeover control shall provide a three-way selector means or device providing individual
selection of each of the fuels plus a position where both fuels are shut off. Each position shall be
permanently marked with its function.

17.4.3 The changeover control shall be located so that it is readily accessible to the operator.

17.4.4 A permanent marking place located on or adjacent to the changeover control shall be provided
with the one of the following statements:

a) ″CAUTION – Flammable liquids. When switching from LP-Gas to liquid fuel, be sure that
there is no spillage of liquid fuel from the carburetor float system.″

b) ″CAUTION - Flammable liquids. When switching from CN-Gas to liquid fuel, be sure that
there is no spillage of liquid fuel from the carburetor float system.″

Exception: This does not apply to EFI (electronic fuel injection) systems.
Revised 17.4.4 effective April 30, 2015

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17.5 Fuel changeover – gasoline fuel injection and LP or CN air valve

17.5.1 A fuel changeover means shall be provided that prevents operation of both fuels at one time
except for the fuel remaining in the common fuel system components at the time of changeover.

17.5.2 The changeover control shall provide a three-way selector means or device providing individual

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selection of each of the fuels, plus a position where both fuels are shut off. Each position shall be
permanently marked with its function.

17.5.3 The changeover control shall be located so that it is readily accessible to the operator.

17.6 Fuel changeover – gasoline fuel injection and electronically controlled LP or CN air valve

17.6.1 A fuel changeover means shall be provided that prevents operation of both fuels at one time
except for the fuel remaining in the common fuel system components at the time of changeover.
Revised 17.6.1 effective April 30, 2015

17.6.2 The changeover control shall provide a two-way selector means or device providing individual
selection of each of the fuels. Each position shall be permanently marked with its function.

[Link] The changeover control shall be located so that it is readily accessible to the operator.
Added [Link] effective April 30, 2015

17.6.3 If the changeover control is located outside of the engine compartment and is located within an
low voltage and limited power circuit, the tests in Section 30, Changeover Switch - Dual Fuel, are not
applicable.

17.7 Fuel changeover – gasoline and LP fuel injection

Added 17.7 effective April 30, 2015

17.7.1 A fuel changeover means shall be provided that prevents operation of both fuels at one time.

17.7.2 The changeover control shall provide a two-way selector means or device providing individual
selection of each of the fuels. Each position shall be permanently marked with its function.

17.7.3 The changeover control shall be located so that it is readily accessible to the operator.

17.7.4 If the changeover control is located outside of the engine compartment and is located within an
low voltage and limited power circuit, the tests in Section 30, Changeover Switch - Dual Fuel, are not
applicable.

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TYPE DY

18 Electrical Systems

18.1 No electrical wiring or components shall be employed on Type DY trucks.

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18.2 Static grounding straps or electrically conductive wheels and tires shall be employed to discharge
any build-up of static electricity.

18.3 All wheels shall be rubber-tired or constructed of nonsparking material. At least two tires and wheels
shall be constructed of electrically conductive material, or equivalent static-discharge devices shall be
provided. Nonmetallic conductive tires and wheels shall have a resistance of not more than 250,000 ohms
when measured between the wheel hub and a metal plate on which the wheel rests.

18.4 Nonmetallic conductive tires shall conform with the requirements for nonmetallic conductive tires in
the Standard for Electric-Battery-Powered Industrial Trucks, UL 583.

18.5 If required, a minimum of two static grounding strips shall be used and shall have equivalent static
discharge properties as referenced in 18.3.

19 Exhaust Systems

19.1 The exhaust system shall comply with Exhaust Systems, Section 14 and with 19.2 and 19.3.

19.2 The exhaust system shall also comply with the temperature limitations specified in Temperature
Limitations, Section 21.

19.3 Gaskets employed in the exhaust system shall be of metal construction. Asbestos gaskets with a
metal exterior covering are also acceptable.

20 Fuel Systems

20.1 The fuel system shall comply with Fuel Systems – Gasoline and Diesel, Section 15 and with 20.2.

20.2 Excess fuel drainage shall be confined within the fuel system with the exception of possible spillage
of fuel at the fuel fill which shall be as indicated in Fuel Systems – Gasoline and Diesel, Section 10.

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21 Temperature Limitations

21.1 All surfaces, including the exhaust system and brake drums, exposed to the atmosphere shall be
limited to a maximum temperature of 175°C (347°F) based on a 25°C (77°F) ambient temperature.

21.2 Temperature tests, except the brake-heating test, are to be conducted as specified in temperature

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tests.

21.3 Brake-heating tests are to be conducted as specified in temperature tests except the truck is to be
loaded to rated capacity, operated over a 400 foot (121 m) course and stopped abruptly every 50 feet
(15.2 m). The test shall be continued until constant temperatures are reached on the external surfaces of
the brake drums. The brakes shall not ignite or emit flame or hot particles.

22 Temperature Cutoffs

22.1 If temperature-limiting cutoffs are employed as a temperature-limiting device, they shall be

investigated.

22.2 The factors involved in determining the acceptability of a temperature-limiting cutoff are as follows:

a) The switch functions as intended for 100,000 cycles.

b) The temperature setting of the switch is permanently sealed after final adjustment.

c) Failure of the switch shall leave it in the open position.

d) The safety mechanism must be completely enclosed and the enclosure provided with a
locking means to prevent overriding of the device or starting of the truck after the device has
tripped. The use of ordinary hand tools is not considered to be an effective locking means.

e) A warning plate shall be installed on or near the reset lever with a warning to indicate that
only authorized personnel are to reset the cutoff device.

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No Text on This Page

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22.3 If a water muffler, or water-filled exhaust system jacket is employed, a temperature-limiting cutoff
shall be employed. This cutoff shall stop the engine before the exhaust system reaches 175°C (347°F)
based on a 25°C (77°F) ambient temperature when tested in accordance with Temperature Tests, Section
23.

PERFORMANCE – ALL TYPES

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23 Temperature Tests

23.1 General

23.1.1 The materials employed in the construction of an industrial truck shall not be damaged by the
temperatures attained during operation under the conditions of maximum rated load and under the
conditions of overload maintained for a short period of time. The maximum temperature of any flammable
material or electrical insulation shall not exceed 175°C (347°F); the maximum temperature of gasoline and
diesel fuel in a tank shall not exceed 75°C (167°F); and the maximum pressure registered in an LP–Gas
container shall not exceed 80 percent of the design working pressure of an ASME fuel container and 120
percent of the minimum service pressure of a DOT fuel container. If the test is conducted at an ambient
temperature less than 25°C (77°F), the maximum temperature is adjusted accordingly. The test is to be
continued until constant temperatures have been reached. A temperature is considered to be constant
when readings taken during any continuous 1 hour period of the test indicate an increase of no more than
3°C (5°F).

23.1.2 Compliance of a truck with the requirements of 23.1.1 is to be determined by operating it under
the conditions of operation as defined in 23.1.3 – 23.3.1 for the specific types of trucks indicated.

23.1.3 Test courses are to be smoothly paved with asphalt, concrete, or brick. A wood flooring is
permitted to be employed for ramps or other portions of the test course.

23.1.4 The test course for a truck other than as mentioned in 23.1.5 is to include a ramp. The length of
the ramp is to be a minimum of 40 ft (12.19 m) long. The grade of the ramp is to be 10 percent or a
percentage for which the truck is designed to ascend. For trucks designed to ascend lesser grades, the
minimum grade of the ramp is 1 percent. The total rise of a 10 percent ramp shall not be less than 4 ft
(1.22 m).

23.1.5 A truck designed for operation on a level surface and marked in accordance with 43.2 is to be
tested on a level test course.

23.1.6 The temperature of the ambient air is not to be less than 10°C (50°F) nor more than 40°C (104°F).

23.1.7 Operating temperatures measured at any one time are to be related to the ambient temperature of
the air at the same time and location.

23.1.8 Trucks employing water jacketed components to limit surface temperature as required by
Temperature Limitations, Section 21, shall be tested with the components filled to various levels from
empty to completely filled. If a temperature cutoff is employed, it shall be connected for this test.

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23.2 Fork and platform trucks

23.2.1 The test course is to be 200 feet (61 m) long. The truck is to be operated over this course while
hauling its full rated load. At the end of the course, the truck is to be turned at right angles, the load raised
to full height, and then lowered to the hauling position. The truck is then to be returned to the starting
point, where the load is again to be raised and lowered and deposited at right angles to the test course.

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The truck is then to be operated over the same course with no load and, at the end of the course, the
forks (or platform) are to be raised to full height and lowered. The truck is then to be returned to the
starting position, and the load picked up. These runs are then to be repeated, alternating between loaded
and unloaded trips. The vehicle is to travel at the maximum safe practical speed.

23.3 Load-carrying trucks

23.3.1 The test course is to be any convenient length over 200 feet (61 m). If the length exceeds 300 feet
(91 m), the truck is to be stopped and started at intervals of approximately 200 feet. It is to be negotiated
not less than six times per hour. The truck is to carry its rated load. The test is to be conducted in such
a manner that the truck is in motion approximately 80 percent of the time.

23.3.2 Two loads are to be provided for a tractor, consisting of two trains of trailers or trailing vehicles.
One of the trains is to be loaded to such capacity as to require a draw-bar pull of the tractor. The other
train is to consist of empty trailers equal in number to the loaded train. The tractor is to be operated over
the test course pulling the loaded train of trailers and returning to the starting point, at which point the
loaded train is to be uncoupled. The empty train is then to be coupled to the tractor and pulled over the
same course. This cycle is to be repeated, alternating between loaded and unloaded trailers, allowing time
at the starting point for normal coupling and uncoupling operations. If the length of the test course exceeds
300 feet (91 m), the truck is to be stopped and started at intervals of approximately 200 feet (61 m). The
test course is to be negotiated not less than 6 times per hour.

23.3.3 Immediately after taking the final temperature readings, the tractor is to be operated for an
additional 1 minute against a bumping post or other obstruction. This action is to cause the tractor to exert
maximum draw-bar pull. During this additional 1-minute period, the enclosure surface temperatures of
each component shall not exceed 175°C (347°F).

24 Fuel-Consumption Test

24.1 The rate of fuel consumption, based on a 2-hour test period of operation under the conditions of
maximum rated load, shall be such that the fuel supply for a Type GS, DS, or DY truck will be sufficient
for an 8-hour period of operation.

24.2 The fuel tank or container is to be filled to capacity prior to the start of each test. The fuel tank for
a Type GS, DS, or DY truck is to be again filled to capacity at the end of the test period, the amount
required for this purpose is to be accurately measured, and the fuel depletion for an 8-hour period is to be
calculated. The appropriate test courses described for the temperature test are to be used for conducting
fuel-consumption tests.

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25 Exhaust System Test – Type G, GS, DS, LP, CN, LPS, CNS, G/LP, G/CN, GS/LPS, and GS/CNS

25.1 General

25.1.1 The exhaust system shall be tested with the maximum displacement engine.

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25.1.2 The engine is to be continuously operated until the truck is in a heated state. This state is assumed
to have been reached when the exhaust manifold has been heated to approximately 315°C (600°F).

Exception: If the exhaust manifold temperature of 315°C (600°F) can’t be reached, the engine shall be
operated for no less than 10 minutes.

25.1.3 Ten backfires are to be obtained by alternately racing and idling the engine. An auxiliary spark plug
may be installed as close as possible to the exhaust manifold. The spark plug shall be connected to a
spark coil which can be energized from a battery through a momentary contact switch, to assist in creating
a backfire in the following conditions:

a) The spark timing is to be advanced;

b) Spark plug leads are to be interchanged; or

c) The ignition switch is to be operated to alternately energize and de-energize the ignition
system, or a switch can be added to the ground circuit leading directly to the coil to alternately
energize and de-energize the ignition system.

Exception: If it is determined that the conditions above do not result in a backfire, the Exhaust System
Test for Types G, LP, CN, G/LP, and G/CN can be waived.
Revised 25.1.3 effective April 30, 2015

25.1.4 If an exhaust turbo charger is utilized, the standpipe arrangement may be mounted as close as
possible to the output of the turbo charger.

25.2 Types G, LP, and G/LP

25.2.1 The exhaust system including the muffler and tailpipe shall not rupture under conditions of backfire
as described in 25.1.

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25.3 Types GS, DS, LPS, GS/LPS and DY

25.3.1 An exhaust system including the muffler and tailpipe, shall not rupture and shall prevent the
emission of flame or sparks so as to cause charring, smoldering, or ignition of unmilled cotton waste under
conditions of backfire as described in 25.1 with the introduction of spark-producing material into the
exhaust system.

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25.3.2 A valve and standpipe arrangement is to be mounted as close as possible to the exhaust manifold
so that heated carbon particles can be introduced into the exhaust system while the engine is in operation.
The standpipe is to be equipped with a cap.

Exception: If an exhaust turbo charger is utilized, the standpipe arrangement may be mounted as close
as possible to the output of the turbo charger.

25.3.3 The tests are to be conducted in the following manner. Ten-gram samples of Mexican graphite,
graded by size and weight as described in 25.3.4, or Cummings-Moore Grade 9C8 graphite, are to be
heated to incandescence The heated particles are then to be dropped into the exhaust stream by opening
the valve.

25.3.4 The Mexican graphite is to be graded in accordance with Table 25.1 using:

a) A single-eccentric-type mechanical shaker that imparts to the sieves a rotary motion and
tapping action at a uniform speed of 300 ±15 gyrations and 150 ±10 taps of the striker per
minute and;

b) U.S.A. Standard sieves.

Table 25.1
Graphite size

Sieve size, ASTM E11 Percent retained (dry weight)

Passed by Retained by
4 8 10
8 16 20
16 30 30
30 40 30
40 Pan 10

25.3.5 Targets are to be constructed by hand packing unmilled cotton waste into a wood frame 2 ±0.25
ft (610 ±76 mm) square and 4 ±0.5 in (102 ±13 mm) deep. The frame is to be backed by expanded metal
with the cotton held in place by poultry netting over the front.

25.3.6 Tests are to be conducted using a target positioned 6 ±0.5 in (152 ±13 mm) from the exit of the
tailpipe. When the exhaust system design does not allow the target to be placed at 6 ±0.5 in (152 ±13
mm) from the exit of the tailpipe, the target shall be positioned flush against the exterior of the truck at the
location affected to the greatest degree by the direction of the exhaust.

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25.3.7 The target is to be removed briefly from the test areas throughout the test series and examined for
evidence of burning or smoldering particles.

Exception: If it is determined that the conditions in 25.1.3 do not result in a backfire, then the heated
carbon particles shall be introducted into the exhaust gases while racing the engine at maximum engine
speed for no less 10 seconds.

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26 LP-Gas Container Bracket Load Test – Types LP, LPS, G/LP, and GS/LPS

26.1 An LP-Gas fuel container shall be secured in place on the vehicle in a manner that will withstand,
without visible permanent deformation, loadings in any direction equal to four times the filled weight of the
container.

26.1.1 An CN-Gas fuel container shall be secured in place on the vehicle in a manner that will withstand,
without visible permanent deformation, loadings in any direction equal to eight times the filled weight of
the container.
Added 26.1.1 effective April 30, 2015

26.2 For this test, the container is to be empty of fuel and is to be secured in the manner covered by the
manufacturer’s instructions. Loadings are to be applied in any convenient manner capable of being
measured by gauges or weights. The load shall be applied in no less than the six directions shown Figure
26.1, as applicable to the design.

Exception: When a design incorporates a swing-out, swing-down, or other similar construction, the load
directions shall be adjusted accordingly to demonstrate compliance.

This is generated text for figtxt.

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Figure 26.1
Load Directions

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AUTOMOTIVE-TYPE COMPONENTS

CONSTRUCTION

27 Electrically Operated Fuel Pumps

27.1 An electrically operated fuel pump shall be provided with a mounting bracket or provision for
mounting bolts as an integral part of the assembly.

27.2 When the case and other component materials, of a fuel pump located outside of the fuel tank, are
of metal and are not inherently resistant to corrosion, it shall be plated with:

a) Zinc having a thickness of not less than 0.0005 inch (0.013 mm), or

b) A coating, other than zinc may be used that provides protection against corrosion at least
equivalent to sheet steel having a zinc coating on each surface as specified in (a).

Exception: Parts where threads constitute the major portion of the area, the thickness of the zinc plating,
or equivalent, shall not be less than 0.00015 inch (0.0038 mm).

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27.3 When the case or other external components, of a fuel pump located outside of the fuel tank, are
non-metallic, tests described in 10.3 and the following requirements in the Standard for Polymeric
Materials For Use in Electrical Equipment Evaluations, UL 746C, under Path II shall be conducted:

a) 20 mm (3/4 inch) flame test;

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Exception: Material having a flammability rating of V-1 or better.

b) The end use shall not exceed the Relative Thermal Index for that material. If a material is
used that is not described in the Standard for Polymeric Materials – Long Term Property
Evaluations, UL 746B, then thermal aging may be necessary;

c) Impact Test; and

d) Mold-Stress Relief Distortion Test.

27.3 effective January 10, 2015

27.4 The fuel-containing portion of the pump shall be separated from the electrical compartment or
components by metal partitions secured and sealed using soldered, welded, or brazed joints, or the pump
assembly shall conform to the requirements of the Explosion Test, Section 35.

27.5 Vent holes are to be provided for the electrical enclosure when the fuel-containing portion of the
pump is separated from the electrical compartment as described in 27.3.

27.6 Electrical connections shall be threaded terminal posts, spade type, or integral 16 AWG (1.3 mm2)
insulated lead wire not less than 6 inches (152 mm) long.

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28 Fill and Vent Fittings – Self-Closing Type – Types GS, DS, G/LP, GS/LPS

28.1 A self-closing type fill and vent fitting shall be provided with a means to lock it in the closed position
in order to prevent accidental opening.

28.2 A venting orifice in the fitting shall have a diameter capable of venting when subjected to the

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pressure described in 32.3. Fuel shall not escape through the vent during the Temperature Test.

28.3 A fitting shall be made of 380 aluminum brass, bronze, steel, or malleable or modular iron castings.
Nonductile (regular grey iron) cast iron shall not be used.

28.4 A ferrous metal part shall be provided with a protective coating of zinc plating to resist corrosion.
Paint is not considered sufficient protection.

28.5 Zinc plating shall have a thickness of not less than 0.0005 inch (0.013 mm), except on parts where
threads constitute the major portion of the area, in which case the thickness of the zinc plating shall be
not less than 0.00015 inch (0.0038 mm).

Exception: A coating other than zinc may be used that provides protection against corrosion at least
equivalent to sheet steel having a coating on each surface as specified in 28.5.

28.6 Gasket material shall be resistant to the action of gasoline or diesel fuel. See 10.3.

29 Manual-Disconnect Switches

29.1 A disconnect switch shall be designed to manually disconnect the battery from the electrical circuit
and/or disconnect the field circuit of a generator or alternator.

29.2 All arcing parts shall be totally enclosed.

29.3 Terminals and terminal construction shall be of such size and shape as to provide the necessary
capacity and mechanical support for the conductors connected to them. Terminals employing a threaded
screw or bolt for securing the conducting lug to a terminal plate shall provide a minimum of two full threads
in the metal.

29.4 A disconnect switch is permitted to employ an indicator light, in which case it shall be separately
fused. A fuse employed shall comply with the requirements of the Standard for Electric Fuses, ANSI/SAE
J554.

29.5 A switch shall be designated for and marked with a minimum electrical rating, as follows:

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Continuous: 40 amp, 6 v, dc
20 amp, 12 v, dc
Momentary: 250 amp, 6 v, dc
125 amp, 12 v, dc

29.6 The assembly shall be capable of resisting the effects of vibration. See 31.2.1.

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29.7 The enclosure shall be of metal, molded-phenolic composition, or equivalent material evaluated in
accordance with 29.8.

29.8 Among the factors that are to be taken into consideration when judging the equivalency of a
nonmetallic enclosure are:

a) The mechanical strength,

b) Resistance to impact,

c) Moisture-absorptive properties,

d) Flammability, and

f) Resistance to distortion at temperatures to which the material is subjected under any

conditions of usage.

29.9 Spacings shall not be less than those indicated below:

a) 1/8 inch (3.2 mm) through air or oil, or 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) over surface between an
uninsulated live part and an uninsulated live part of opposite polarity, an uninsulated grounded
dead metal part other than the enclosure, or exposed dead part that is isolated (insulated).

b) 1/32 inch (0.8 mm) through air and 1/16 inch (1.6 mm) over surface between same polarity
live parts on opposite sides of a switching mechanism, except at contact point.

c) 1/4 inch shortest distance between wiring terminals, regardless of polarity, between a wiring
terminal and a grounded dead metal part (including the enclosure) and between any
uninsulated live parts and the walls of a metal enclosure.

29.10 The spacings between an uninsulated live part and the walls of a metal enclosure shall comply with
29.9 after the enclosure is subjected to the impact test in 29.11.

29.11 Each side of an enclosure is to be subjected to two impacts of 5 foot-pound-force (6.8 J). The
impact is to be produced by dropping a steel sphere, 2 inches (50.8 mm) in diameter and weighing 1.18
pounds-mass (0.54 kg), through a vertical distance of 51 inches (1.3 m).

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30 Changeover Switch – Dual Fuel

30.1 Terminals and terminal construction shall be of such size and shape as to provide the necessary
capacity and mechanical support for the conductors connected to them. Terminals employing a threaded
screw or bolt for securing the conducting lug to a terminal plate shall provide a minimum of two full threads
in the metal.

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30.2 The assembly shall be capable of resisting the effects of vibration. See 31.2.1.

30.3 The enclosure shall be of metal, molded-phenolic composition, or equivalent material evaluated in
accordance with 30.4.

30.4 Among the factors which are to be taken into consideration when judging the equivalency of a
nonmetallic enclosure are:

a) Mechanical strength,

b) Resistance to impact,

c) Moisture-absorptive properties,

d) Flammability, and

e) Resistance to distortion at temperatures to which the material is subjected under any

conditions of usage.

30.5 The switch assembly shall function as intended and the contacts shall not weld together or show
excessive pitting when operated for 6000 cycles at the electrical load it is intended to control.

30.6 The assembly shall comply with the Dielectric Voltage-Withstand Test, Section 33.

30.7 Spacings through air and over surfaces between uninsulated live parts of opposite polarity, and
between uninsulated live parts and dead metal parts that are likely to become energized shall be a
minimum of 3/64 inch (1.2 mm).

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PERFORMANCE

31 Vibration Tests

31.1 Electric fuel pumps

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31.1.1 A pump located outside of the fuel tank shall withstand the test described in 31.4 and shall operate
without developing leaks, cracks, and the like, and without increasing the risk of fire or injury to persons.

31.1.2 The pump and all components, with the manufacturer’s recommended fuel line attached, is to be
mounted on a vibration machine so as to simulate as closely as possible an actual installation. The means
used for such mounting shall be sufficiently rigid to preclude resonant frequencies of the mounting means.

31.2 Mechanical-disconnect switches

31.2.1 A mechanical-disconnect switch shall be capable of maintaining a closed circuit and shall not
become loosened from its mounting, be otherwise damaged, or become inoperable, when subjected to 8
hours of vibration at an amplitude of 0.2 inch (5.1 mm) from its most vulnerable mounting position, at the
frequency that produces maximum resonance.

31.3 Fuel filters

31.3.1 A fuel filter shall not become loosened from its mounting or be otherwise damaged from its normal
mounting position under the conditions described in 31.4.1.

31.4 Test method

31.4.1 The sample shall be subjected to variable frequency vibration along each of three axes (horizontal,
lateral, and vertical) for 8 hours in each plane (24 hours total) at a peak-to-peak amplitude of 0.040 ±0.001
inches (1.3 ±0.00004 mm). The frequency of vibration is to be continuously varied, at a uniform rate, from
10 to 60 to 10 hertz every 4 minutes.
31.4.1 effective January 10, 2015

31.4.2 For this test, peak-to-peak amplitude is defined as the maximum displacement of sinusoidal
motion (total table displacement).
31.4.2 effective January 10, 2015

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31.5 Metallic tube fitting vibration test

31.5.1 A tube fitting shall withstand exposure to vibration of an amplitude of 1/8 inch (3.2 mm) and a
frequency of 1000 vibrations per minute for not less than 30 consecutive hours without development of
physical weakness that will impair its normal service. For a fitting subjected to this test, physical failure
that requires repair or replacement of the fitting or the tubing within or immediately adjacent to the fitting

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collar is unacceptable.

31.5.2 Two samples of each size fitting are to be used for this test.

31.5.3 For this test, amplitude is the maximum displacement of sinusoidal motion from the position of rest
or one-half of the total displacement of the fitting.

31.5.4 Each end of a length of annealed copper tubing is to be connected, in accordance with the
manufacturer’s instruction, to one of the two fittings to be tested. The tubing shall be the same as
employed in service.

31.5.5 The length of tubing for the test is to be that required to conform to the arrangement for each size
as illustrated in Figure 31.1 or 31.2.

This is generated text for figtxt.

Figure 31.1

INSIDE DIAMETER

3 inches (76.2mm) for 1/8 to 3/16 inch (3.18 to 4.76mm) outside diameter

6 inches (152mm) for 1/4 to 7/16 inch (6.35 to 11.1mm) outside diameter

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Figure 31.2
Vibration test setup

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LENGTH

18 inches (457mm) for 1/2 to 3/4 inch (12.7 to 19.1mm) outside diameter

24 inches (610mm) for 7/8 inch (22.2mm) or larger outside diameter

31.5.6 The pipe-threaded ends are to be snugly fitted into blocks. One block is to be securely attached
to the vibrating table and the other to a stationary structure. The arrangement is to be such that the fittings
and tubing are maintained under air pressure of 50 psi (0.34 MPa) throughout the test.

32 Endurance Tests

32.1 Electric fuel pumps

32.1.1 An electric fuel pump shall deliver its rated output without overheating or evidence of damage
when continuously operated for a period of 800 hours.

32.1.2 The pump is to be mounted in its normal position and connected to exert a constant suction lift
established at the maximum recommended by the manufacturer. During the test, the discharge pressure
is to be varied within the range recommended by the manufacturer, but in a manner to provide operation
for 400 hours at the maximum discharge pressure and at the manufacturer’s rated voltage.

32.1.3 At other periods throughout the test, the impressed voltage is to be varied between 90 and 110
percent of the manufacturer’s rated voltage.

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32.2 Mechanical disconnect switches

32.2.1 A mechanical-disconnect switch shall be capable of opening and closing a 40 ampere, 6 volt
direct-current load across the battery disconnect contacts and a 5 ampere load across the field contacts,
if furnished, throughout 4000 cycles of operation, where each cycle of operation consists of 1 second with
contacts closed and 5 seconds with contacts open.

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32.3 Fill and vent fittings

32.3.1 A self-closing fill and vent fitting shall, following 100,000 cycles of opening and closing of the cap
shall prevent venting up to a positive pressure of 3.5 psi (24.5 kPa).

32.3.2 At least two samples of each style and size of fittings are to be mounted to a cycling machine and
subjected to continuous operation. One cycle is considered to be one opening and closing of the cap
operated through the full travel limits of its attachment arm.

32.3.3 Following 100,000 cycles of operation, the samples are to be mounted on a simulated fuel tank
fitted with a pressure gauge having ranges exceeding the values specified in 32.3.1 by at least 50 percent.
The tank is to be gradually subjected to air pressure and observations made of the positive air pressures
associated with the operation of the fittings. The start-to-discharge pressure of the fill-cap assembly is to
be observed by identifying bubbling while immersing the assembly in water or by employing a
soap-and-water solution to the vent outlet.

33 Dielectric Voltage-Withstand Test

33.1 An electric fuel pump assembly and a mechanical-disconnect switch shall withstand for 1 minute,
without breakdown, the application of a 60 hertz alternating potential of 500 volts between live parts and
dead metal parts.

34 10-Day Moist Ammonia-Air Stress Cracking Test

34.1 After being subjected to the conditions described in 34.2 – 34.4, a brass part containing more than
15 percent zinc shall show no evidence of cracking when examined using 25X magnification.

34.2 Each test sample is to be subjected to the physical stresses normally imposed on or within a part as
the result of assembly with other components. Such stresses are to be applied to the sample prior to and
maintained during the test. Samples with threads, intended to be used for installing the product in the field,
are to have the threads engaged and tightened to the torque specified in Table 34.1. Teflon tape or pipe
compound are not to be used on the threads.

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Table 34.1
Torque requirements for threaded connections

Nominal thread size, inches Torque pound-inches (N·m)

1 1200 (135.6)

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1-1/4 1450 (163.8)
1-1/2 1550 (175.1)
2 1650 (186.4)
2-1/2 1750 (197.7)
3 1800 (203.4)

34.3 Three samples are to be degreased and then continuously exposed in a set position for ten days to
a moist ammonia-air mixture maintained in a glass chamber approximately 12 by 12 by 12 inch (305 by
305 by 305 mm) having a glass cover.

34.4 Approximately 18 oz. (600 ml) of aqueous ammonia having a specific gravity of 0.94 is to be
maintained at the bottom of the glass chamber below the samples. The samples are to be positioned 1-1/2
in. (38.1 mm) above the aqueous ammonia solution and supported by an inert tray. The moist
ammonia-air mixture in the chamber is to be maintained at atmospheric pressure and at a temperature of
93 ±3.6°F (34 ±2°C).

35 Explosion Tests

35.1 An electric fuel pump assembly shall not permit the passage of sparks or flame from the interior of
the casing to the outside surrounding atmosphere as the result of exploding a gasoline-air mixture within
the assembly. As an alternative, this test is to be conducted with a propane-air mixture over the range of
3.0 to 7.0 percent concentrations.

35.2 The gasoline used in this investigation is to be a nonleaded petroleum distillate consisting essentially
of aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds. It is to have a specific gravity to 69 degrees, API, at 15.6°C (60°F).
The boiling point range of a typical sample of this gasoline, determined by the Standard Method of Test
for Distillation of Petroleum Products, ANSI/ASTM D86, is shown in Table 35.1.

Table 35.1
Result of distillation test of gasoline

Volume distilled, milliliters Temperature, degrees

C F
Initial boiling point 48.0 118
5 63.0 145
10 66.0 151
20 70.0 158
30 74.0 165
40 77.5 172
50 81.5 179
60 85.5 186
70 90.0 194
80 96.0 205
90 106.5 224
95 116.5 242
Endpoint 126.5 260
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Table 35.1 Continued

Volume distilled, milliliters Temperature, degrees

C F
Recovery,

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millimeters...............................................................................................................................................................98.5
Residue,
milliliters......................................................................................................................................................................1.0
Distillation loss,
milliliters...........................................................................................................................................................0.5
Barometric pressure, millimeters
Hg......................................................................................................................................746.5

35.3 For the explosion tests, the pump is to be installed in a test chamber provided with gas-inlet and
-outlet connections to the pipes carrying the explosive mixtures. The pump is to be drilled and tapped for
connection to the inlet and outlet pipes carrying the explosive vapor-air mixture and also is to be tapped
for attachment of the explosion-pressure recording device and spark plugs for ignition.

35.4 The explosive vapor-air mixture is to be allowed to flow into each enclosure and the surrounding test
chamber until all of the original air has been displaced. Samples then are to be taken for analysis from
the test chamber, the enclosure, and the line carrying the explosive vapor-air mixture. The mixture then
is to be fired on the interior of the enclosure either by arcs produced by the device or by a spark from the
spark plug.

35.5 A minimum of ten tests are to be conducted.

36 Hydrostatic-Strength Test

36.1 An enclosure for an electric fuel pump located outside of the fuel tank shall be capable of
withstanding, without rupture or distortion, a hydrostatic pressure of five times, for a duration of 1 minute,
the maximum pressure recorded during the explosion test.

36.2 The samples of pumps previously subjected to the explosion test are to be connected to a source
of hydrostatic pressure. A positive shut-off valve and a pressure indicating device are to be installed in the
supplying piping. The pressure indicating device is to be installed in the piping between the shut-off valve
and the test pump. The pressure indicating device shall comply with one of the following:

a) An analog gauge having a pressure range such that the test pressure is between 30 and 70
percent of the maximum scale reading of the gauge;

b) A digital pressure transducer, or other digital gauge, that is calibrated over a range of
pressure that includes the test pressure; or

c) Other device that is equivalent to the devices in (a) or (b).

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37 Tube-Fitting Pull Test

37.1 Tubing and piping shall not pull out of a tube fitting, nor shall the tube fitting rupture, when the
ultimate loads designated in Table 37.1 are applied axially to the fitting and its connection.

Table 37.1

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Pull strength test

Tubing size, outside diameter, inch (mm) Pull load, pounds-force (kN)

1/8 (3.2) 250 (1.11)

3/16 (4.8) 400 (1.78)
1/4 (6.4) 500 (2.22)
5/16 (7.9) 650 (2.89)
3/8 (9.5) 800 (3.56)
7/16 (11.1) 900 (4.00)
1/2 (12.7) 1000 (4.45)
9/16 (14.3) 1250 (5.56)
5/8 (15.9) 1450 (6.45)
3/4 (19.1) 1900 (8.45)
7/8 (22.2) 2400 (10.7)
1 (25.4) 2600 (11.6)
1-1/8 (28.6) 2850 (12.7)
1-1/4 (31.8) 3050 (13.6)
1-3/8 (34.9) 3250 (14.6)
1-1/2 (38.1) 3450 (15.3)
1-5/8 (41.3) 3650 (16.2)
1-3/4 (44.5) 3850 (17.1)
1-7/8 (47.6) 4050 (18.0)
2 (50.8) 4250 (18.9)
2-1/8 (54.0) 4500 (20.0)

37.2 Two samples of each size fitting are to be used for this test.

37.3 Each end of a short length of annealed copper tubing is to be connected, in accordance with the
manufacturer’s instructions, to one of the two fittings to be tested. The tubing shall be the same as
employed in service.

37.4 The female pipe threaded ends of the two sample fittings are to be fitted with lengths of steel pipe,
exerting the turning efforts designated in Table 34.1. The male threads are to be lubricated with SAE No.
10 machine oil prior to assembly. The opposite ends of each section of pipe are to be arranged for
securing to the members of a tensile testing machine.

37.5 The load is to be increased at a uniform rate until rupture occurs or the tubing or piping pulls out of
one of the fittings, or the required load is obtained.

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38 Marking-Plate-Adhesion Tests

38.1 General

38.1.1 To determine if a marking plate secured by adhesion is in accordance with 43.6, representative
samples are to be subjected to the tests of 38.2.1 – 38.4.1. In each test, three samples of the marking

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plates are to be applied to the same test surfaces as employed in the intended application.

38.1.2 The marking plate is considered to be in accordance with the requirements if, immediately
following removal from each test medium and after being exposed to room temperature for 24 hours
following removal from each test medium:

a) Each sample demonstrates good adhesion and the edges are not curled.

b) The marking plate resists defacement or removal as demonstrated by scraping across the
test panel with a flat metal blade 1/16 inch (1.6 mm) thick, held at a right angle to the test
panel.

c) The printing is legible and is not defeated by rubbing with thumb or finger pressure.

38.2 Oven aging test

38.2.1 Three samples of the marking plates under test are to be placed in an air oven maintained at a
temperature of 60°C (140°F) for 240 hours.

38.3 Immersion test

38.3.1 Three samples of the marking plates are to be placed in a controlled atmosphere maintained at 23
±2°C (72 ±3.6°F) with a 50 ±5 percent relative humidity for 24 hours. The samples are then to be
immersed in water at a temperature of 23±2°C (72 ±3.6°F) for 48 hours.

38.4 Standard atmosphere test

38.4.1 Three samples of the test panels are to be placed in a controlled atmosphere maintained at 23
±2°C (72±3.6°F) with 50 ±5 percent relative humidity for 72 hours.

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39 Backfire Deflector Element Test

39 revised April 30, 2013

39.1 Tests are not required on backfire deflectors employed on diesel engines.

39.2 A dry-type filter element shall be subjected to five consecutive washing and drying cycles. Washing

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shall consist of 60 up-down strokes at a rate of approximately one stroke per second, completely
immersing and removing the sample from a distilled water bath maintained at 73 ±4°F (23 ±2°C). The
samples shall then be allowed to dry for no less than 72 hours. The samples shall be dried in an
environment maintained at 73 ±4°F (23 ±2°C) and 50 ±5 percent relative humidity.

39.3 The side of the filter media normally exposed to backfire is then to be subjected to a flame source
of sufficient intensity to cause the media to burn or glow. The flame source is then to be removed and an
acceptable filter media is not to continue to burn or smolder.

39.4 The flame employed shall be produced by a 3/8 ±1/32 in (9.53 ±1 mm) diameter single tube Tirrill
burner. The flame shall be adjusted to a height of 2 ±1/32 in (50.8 ±1 mm) and shall be essentially blue
in color with no appreciable inner cone. Flame impingement shall be accomplished by laying the element
horizontally on a level surface and applying the flame to the side normally exposed to backfire at an angle
forming 45 ±5 degrees with horizontal. The distance from the burner orifice to the sample shall be
maintained at 3/4 ±1/32 in (19.05 ±1 mm). The flame shall be applied until burning or glowing (red) of the
paper material was evident over an area approximately equal to the burner orifice, but for no more than
5 min, at which point the flame source was removed.

MANUFACTURING AND PRODUCTION TESTS

40 General
40 revised April 30, 2013

40.1 The manufacturer shall provide the necessary production control, inspection, and tests that shall
include the tests specified in Industrial Trucks, Types LP, LPS, G/LP, and GS/LPS, Section 41 and
Industrial Trucks, Type DY, Section 42.

41 Industrial Trucks, Types LP, CN, LPS, CNS, G/LP, G/CN, GS/LPS and GS/CNS

41.1 The manufacturer shall test each industrial truck assembly for leaks of the LPand CN-Gas system.
All fuel-system connections, including the container with associated valves and fittings, shall be tested for
leaks with a soap-and-water or equivalent while the system is under LP or CN-Gas rated pressure. All
leaks detected shall be repaired.

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42 Industrial Trucks, Type DY

42.1 The manufacturer shall test each industrial truck employing a temperature-limiting safety cutoff for
proper operation and temperature adjustment of the cutoff.

MARKING

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43 Details

43.1 Each industrial truck shall be marked where it will be visible with the following:

a) Name or trademark of the manufacturer.

b) The type designation.

c) Catalog designation, or equivalent identification.

d) The grade in percentage – 1, 2, 3, ... 9 – for which the truck is designed to ascend if less
than 10 percent. See 43.2.

43.2 A truck tested in accordance with 23.1.5 shall be marked ″Operate On Level Surface Only″ or with
equivalent wording.

43.3 If a manufacturer produces industrial trucks at more than one factory, each truck shall have a
distinctive marking to identify it as the product of a particular factory.

43.4 Each industrial truck, Type GS, LPS, GS/LPS, DS, or DY shall be provided with appropriate
identification indicating the designation type, applied to each side of the vehicle in a visible but protected
location. The markers shall be as illustrated in Figure 43.1.

This is generated text for figtxt.

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Figure 43.1
Revised Figure 43.1 effective April 30, 2015

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Markers to identify type of industry truck. The markers for Types GS, DS, LPS, CNS, GS/CNS, and GS/LPS are 4 inches square
(102 by 102 mm). The width of the marker for Type DY is 5 inches (127 mm). Outline and letters are to be black, the background
is to be yellow.

43.5 Each industrial truck, Type DY, employing a temperature limiting safety cutoff, shall be provided with
a marking plate installed on or near the cutoff reset lever, indicating the following:

″WARNING″ – Adjustment or resetting may cause fire. Do not adjust or reset. Refer servicing to
authorized personnel.

43.6 Except as noted, required markings shall be provided on a metal nameplate permanently secured to
the vehicle or on a marking plate complying with the Marking-Plate-Adhesion Test, Section 38.

43.7 Each electrical-component assembly, such as a switch or an electric fuel pump, shall be marked with
the following:

a) The manufacturer’s or private labeler’s identification.

b) A distinctive model, catalog, or equivalent identification.

c) The electrical ratings applicable to motors, switch gear, windings, and the like.

d) The capacity and pressure ratings for fuel pumps.

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43.8 Other marking requirements are given in 11.1.2, 11.2A.1.3, 11.2A.1.4, 11.2A.1.5, 11.2A.3.2,
11.2A.3.3, 15.4, 17.1.2, 17.4.2, 17.4.4, 22.2(e), 29.5, and 45.1. These markings shall be employed if
applicable.
43.8 revised April 30, 2013

ELECTRICAL ACCESSORIES FOR FIELD INSTALLATION BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL

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44 Construction

44.1 An electrical accessory intended for field installation by qualified personnel shall be provided with all
necessary wiring and hardware such that the installation can be made by qualified personnel without
major disturbance of factory-installed wiring, the accessory assembly, or the truck.

44.2 With reference to the requirement in 44.1, removal of a cover plate or the like is acceptable, but
rearrangement of wiring or components, cutting or splicing of existing wiring, and soldering of connections
are not acceptable.

44.3 After field installation of an electrical accessory by qualified personnel, a truck shall comply with the
applicable requirements in Sections 1 – 43.

45 Marking

45.1 An electrical accessory intended for field installation by qualified personnel, the accessory
installation instructions, or the carton in which the accessory (including wiring and hardware) is packaged
shall be permanently and legibly marked with:

a) The manufacturer’s name, trademark, or other descriptive marking by which the organization
responsible for the product can be identified.

b) A catalog number or the equivalent.

c) A statement indicating that the accessory is intended for field installation only be qualified
personnel.

45.2 Installation instructions shall be provided on or with each accessory intended for field installation by
qualified personnel.

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SUPPLEMENT SA - NONMETALLIC MATERIALS USED IN INDUSTRIAL TRUCK ENGINE

COMPARTMENTS

GENERAL

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SA1 Scope

SA1.1 These requirements cover nonmetallic materials used to form outer enclosures, structural or
functional parts, thermal and acoustical insulation, and miscellaneous parts within or contiguous to the
engine compartment of industrial trucks. These requirements do not apply to materials used as electrical
insulation nor to small parts such as control knobs, buttons, insulating bushings, resilient mounts, clamps,
hydraulic hoses, water hoses, and pulley belts.

FLAMMABILITY TESTS

SA2 Test Procedure

SA2.1 The test is to be conducted employing the apparatus and test method described in the
requirements for the vertical burning tests for classifying materials in the Standard for Tests for
Flammability of Plastic Materials for Parts in Devices and Appliances, UL 94, except that samples of the
complete finished part are to be tested with the flame applied to areas of the part judged to be most critical
with respect to ignition.

SA3 Vertical Burning Test for Classifying Materials V-0 or V-1

SA3.1 MATERIALS CLASSED V-0 – Materials classed V-0 shall (also see SA3.3) not have:

a) Any specimens that burn with flaming combustion for more than 10 seconds after each
application of the test flame.

b) A total flaming combustion time exceeding 50 seconds for the 10 flame applications for each
set of 5 specimens.

c) Any specimens that burn with flaming or glowing combustion up to the holding clamp.

d) Any specimens that drip flaming particles that ignite the dry absorbent surgical cotton
located 12 inches (305 mm) below the test specimen.

e) Any specimens with glowing combustion that persists beyond 30 seconds after the second
removal of the test flame.

SA3.2 MATERIALS CLASSED V-1 – Materials classed V-1 shall (also see SA3.3) not have:

a) Any specimens that burn with flaming combustion for more than 30 seconds after each
application of the test flame.

b) A total flaming combustion time exceeding 250 seconds for the 10 flame applications for
each set of 5 specimens.

c) Any specimens that burn with flaming or glowing combustion up to the holding clamp.

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d) Any specimens that drip flaming particles that ignite the dry absorbent surgical cotton
located 12 inches (305 mm) below the test specimen.

e) Any specimens with glowing combustion that persists beyond 60 seconds after the second
removal of the test flame.

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SA3.3 If only one specimen from a set of five specimens fails to comply with the requirements, another
set of five specimens are to be tested. In the case of the total number of seconds of flaming, an additional
set of five specimens are to be tested if the totals are in the range of 51 – 55 seconds for V-0 and 251 –
255 seconds for V-1. All specimens from this second set shall comply with the appropriate requirements
in order for the material in that thickness to be classified V-0 or V-1.

SA4 Horizontal Burning Test for Classifying Materials HF-1

SA4.1 MATERIALS CLASSED HF-1 – Materials classed HF-1 shall (also see SA4.2) not have:

a) Any portion of four specimens out of each set of five specimens tested continue to flame for
more than 2 seconds after the test flame is removed.

b) Any portion of any test specimen continue to flame for more than 10 seconds after removal
of test flame.

c) Any test specimen affected for a distance greater than 2.25 inches (57.2 mm) from the end
exposed to the test flame.

d) Any of the specimens drip flaming particles that ignite dry absorbent surgical cotton placed
12 inches (305 mm) below the test specimen.

e) Any test specimens with glowing combustion that:

1) Persists beyond 30 seconds after removal of test flame.

2) Travels past the 2.25 inch (57.2 mm) mark.

SA4.2 If only one specimen from a set of five specimens fails to comply with the appropriate
requirements, another set of five specimens are to be tested. All specimens from this second set shall
comply with the appropriate requirements in order for the plastic material in that thickness and density to
be classified HF-1.

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SA5 3/4-Inch Flame Test

SA5.1 The test is to be conducted employing the apparatus and test method described in the
requirements for the enclosure flammability – 3/4 inch flame tests for classifying materials in the Standard
for Polymeric Materials – Use in Electrical Equipment Evaluations, UL 746C.

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SA5.2 Two 30 second applications of the tip of the 3/4 inch (19.1 mm) flame are to be made to each
section of the enclosure selected as indicated above, with 1 minute intervals between the applications. A
supply of technical grade methane gas is to be used with a regulator and meter for uniform gas flow.

SA5.3 The enclosure shall not flame for more than 1 minute after two 30-second applications of a test
flame, with an interval of 1 minute between applications of the flame. The results are not acceptable if the
sample is completely consumed.

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SUPPLEMENT SB - INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE-POWERED INDUSTRIAL/COMMERCIAL

FLOOR CLEANING MACHINES

GENERAL

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SB1 Scope

SB1.1 These requirements cover internal-combustion engine powered floor cleaning machines, such as
floor buffers, scrubbers, sweepers, extractors, and polishers for industrial/commercial use.

SB1.2 These requirements do not cover internal combustion engine powered cleaning machines for
household use.

SB2 Application of Requirements

SB2.1 A floor cleaner shall comply with the requirements specified in Sections 1 – 45 (as applicable),
except as modified or superseded by the requirements in this supplement.

PERFORMANCE

SB3 Temperature Test

SB3.1 A floor cleaner shall comply with the requirements specified in Section 23, Temperature Tests, (as
applicable), except as modified or superseded by the requirements in SB3.2.

SB3.2 The cleaning machine is to be operated with settings for normal operation as defined by the
manufacturer for the duration of the test. The test path should include stopping every 200 feet to
accommodate heating by breaking or electrically controlled braking (plugging).

Exception: Push type, walk behind floor cleaners are not required to operate over the test course as
described in Section 23, Temperature Tests or SB3.2. Push type floor cleaners can operate stationary for
this test.

SB4 Operation Test For Push Type Floor Cleaners

SB4.1 The cleaning machine movement shall be controlled with a side force less than 5 pounds (22.4 N)
of horizontal force on the handle griping surface while the machine is in motion during normal operation.
The external rotating components (i.e. buffing wheels, brush wheels) shall stop within 15 seconds after
the release of the lever mechanism deactivates the engine, clutch, or engine and clutch.

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SB5 Fuel-Consumption Test

SB5.1 For Types GS and DS cleaning machines, the rate of fuel consumption, based on a 2-hour test
period of operation under the conditions of maximum rated load as described in Section 23, Temperature
Tests, and SB3, Temperature Test, shall be such that it can operate for an 8-hour period without refilling
the fuel tank.

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SB6 Overfill Test

SB6.1 The overfill test does not apply to propane fueled engines.

SB6.2 The fuel tank location and the facilities for filling shall be such that when spillage or leakage occurs
during the test in SB6.3, the liquid is to drain to the ground and not directly onto the engine or directly onto
electrical- or exhaust-system parts such as an electrical connector or the exhaust manifold.

SB6.3 The fuel tank is to be filled to its maximum capacity then 8 ounces of additional fluid is to be added.

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SUPPLEMENT SC - TEST FLUIDS

SC1 Ethanol test fluids

SC1 added April 30, 2013

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SC1.1 Ethanol test fluids are designated by a format that fits the form of CEXXa; where “C” indicates
ASTM Reference Fuel C (50% Isooctane, 50% Toluene on a volumetric basis); “E” indicates synthetic
ethanol (designated CDA20); “XX” indicates percentage amount of the ethanol that is added to the
solution; and “a” indicates aggressive elements that are added to the synthetic ethanol. The aggressive
elements are used to represent contaminants that can be found in actual use and are used to help
represent the worst-case test fluid. The aggressive elements are mixed in accordance with the
Recommended Practice for Gasoline, Alcohol, and Diesel Fuel Surrogates for Material Testing, SAE
J1681.

SC1.2 The aggressive elements include deionized water, sodium chloride, sulfuric acid, and glacial acetic
acid. Table SC.1 outlines the amounts of each of these elements in one liter of aggressive ethanol.

Table SC.1
Aggressive ethanol test fluid

Component Units 1 Liter of CE85a 1 Liter of CE25a

ASTM Reference Fuel C Liter 0.150 0.750
Synthetic Ethanol Liter 0.843 0.248
Deionized Water Liter 0.007 0.002
Sodium Chloride Gram 0.003 0.001
Sulfuric Acid Milliliter 0.010 0.003
Glacial Acetic Acid Milliliter 0.050 0.010

SC1.3 CE25a consists of a 75% ASTM Reference Fuel C and 25% aggressive ethanol mixture. CE85a
consists of a 15% ASTM Reference Fuel C and 85% aggressive ethanol mixture. These two fluids may
be used to condition samples as noted in each specific test that indicates that these fluids are to be used.
The test fluids are to be prepared just prior to use to minimize effects on the test fluid. The aggressive
ethanol is corrosive and changes can occur to the solution from interactions with the storage and transfer
containers that are not inert. Exposure to air and/or moisture may also affect the test fluid. These changes
should be minimized.

SC1.4 Products intended to be rated for use with gasoline or gasoline/ethanol blends with nominal
ethanol concentrations up to 25 percent (E0 – E25) shall be evaluated using the CE25a test fluid as the
only applicable test fluid. Products intended to be rated at gasoline/ethanol blends with nominal ethanol
concentration greater than 25 percent shall be evaluated using both the CE25a test fluid and the CE85a
test fluid.

SC1.5 For products evaluated using the CE25a test fluid, one sample is required to be conditioned in
accordance with the test exposure sequences. For products using both test fluids, two samples are
required to be conditioned in accordance with the test exposure sequences.

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SC2 Biodiesel Test Fluids

SC2 added April 30, 2013

SC2.1 B100a biodiesel fluid consists of ASTM D6751 B100 biodiesel from soy feedstock combined with
an aggressive stock containing <0.3 percent volume combined water and decanoic acid. Each source of
biodiesel may have minor variations in specific gravity and initial Acid Number that require measurement

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and final adjustment. The blending of the test fluid shall be based on the following formula to achieve a
final Acid Number of 1.00 ±0.02 for the mixture in accordance with the Standard Test Method for Acid
Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Titration, ASTM D664: 0.2 percent volume Acid Water
[1.80 g decanoic acid / 1000 g DI H2O].

SC2.2 Decanoic acid crystals are insoluble in water. Decanoic acid crystals shall be finely ground and
thoroughly mixed in the overall solution before acid number measurements are taken.

SC2.3 Final adjustments to the B100a fluid shall be made by adding biodiesel or decanoic acid as
necessary to achieve the Acid Number of 1.00 ±0.02.

SC2.4 FB25a test fluid is blended by mixing 25 volume parts of B100a biodiesel fluid and 75 volume parts
of ASTM Fuel F.

SC2.5 Biodiesel fluids have limited stability periods, and changes can occur to the fluid if stored for
extended periods. Generally at 25°C, B100a should be stable for at least a 30-day period, and FB25a
should be stable for 12 months. Exposure to air, moisture and/or widely variant temperatures may also
affect the test fluid and should be minimized. Changes may also occur from test fluid interactions with
storage and transfer containers that are not inert. These changes should be minimized.

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APPENDIX A

Standards for Components

Standards under which components of the products covered by this standard are evaluated include the
following:

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Title of Standard − UL Standard Designation

Adapters and Cylinder Connection Devices for Portable LP-Gas Cylinder Assemblies – UL 2061
Appliance Wiring Material – UL 758
Automotive Blade Type Fuses – UL 275A
Automotive Glass-Tube Fuses – UL 275
Cylinder Valves – UL 1769
Electrical Nonmetallic Tubing – UL 1653
Electrical Quick-Connect Terminals – UL 310
Electrically Operated Valves – UL 429
Extruded Insulating Tubing – UL 224
Flexible Cords and Cables – UL 62
Flow Control Valves for Anhydrous Ammonia and LP-Gas – UL 125
Gaskets and Seals – UL 157
Liquid-Level Gauges and Indicators for Anhydrous Ammonia and LP-Gas – UL 565
Liquid-Tight Flexible Nonmetallic Conduit – UL 1660
LP-Gas Automotive Accessories – UL 1337
LP-Gas Cylinder Assemblies – UL 2003
LP-Gas Fuel Hose and Hose Assemblies for Vehicle Engines – UL 1785
LP-Gas Regulators – UL 144
Marking and Labeling Systems – UL 969
Overfilling Prevention Devices – UL 2227
Pigtails and Flexible Hose Connectors for LP-Gas – UL 569
Polymeric Materials – Short Term Property Evaluations – UL 746A
Polymeric Materials – Use in Electrical Equipment Evaluations – UL 746C
Safety Relief Valves for Anhydrous Ammonia and LP-Gas– UL 132
Special-Use Switches – UL 1054 or
Switches for Appliances – Part 1: General Requirements – UL 61058-1
Supplementary Protectors for Use in Electrical Equipment – UL 1077
Tests for Flammability of Plastic Materials for Parts in Devices and Appliances – UL 94
Thermoplastic-Insulated Wires and Cables – UL 83
Tube Fittings for Flammable and Combustible Fluids, Refrigeration Service and Marine Use – UL 109
Wire Connectors – UL 486A-486B
Wire Connectors, Splicing – UL 486C

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Superseded requirements for

the Standard for
Industrial Trucks, Internal Combustion Engine-Powered

UL 558, Tenth Edition

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The requirements shown are the current requirements that have been superseded by requirements in this
edition. The numbers in parentheses refer to the new requirements with future effective dates that have
superseded these requirements. To retain the current requirements, do not discard the following
requirements until the future effective dates are reached.

1.3 The Fire Safety Standard for Powered Industrial Trucks Including Type Designations, Areas of Use,
Conversions, Maintenance, and Operations, NFPA 505, identifies internal combustion engine powered
industrial trucks as follows:

Types G, D, LP, and G/LP – A unit powered by gasoline (G), diesel (D), LP-gas (LP), or either
gasoline or liquefied petroleum gas (G/LP), that has minimum acceptable safeguards against
inherent fire hazards.

Types GS, DS, LPS, and GS/LPS – A unit powered by gasoline (GS), diesel (DS), or LP-gas
(LPS), or either gasoline or liquefied petroleum gas (GS/LPS) that, in addition to meeting all the
requirements for Types G, D, LP, and G/LP, is provided with additional safeguards to the
exhaust, fuel and electric systems.

Type DY – A diesel-powered unit that has all the safeguards of Type DS units and, in addition,
any electric equipment is completely enclosed and equipped with temperature limitation
features.

5.1.1 (8.1) The wiring of a truck shall be rated for the particular application with respect to the temperature
and voltage, exposure to oil or grease, and other conditions of service to which the wiring is subjected.

5.1.2 (8.2) With respect to 5.1.1, the effects of vibration, impact, and exposure are to be taken into
account for wires smaller than 24 AWG (0.21 mm2).

5.1.3 (8.3) All wiring shall be polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), fluorinated
ethylene propylene (FEP), cross linked polyolefin (XLPO), or neoprene insulated, or shall comply with the
vertical wire flame test requirements in the Standard for Thermoplastic-Insulated Wires and Cables, UL
83 or the Standard for Appliance Wiring Material, UL 758.

5.1.4 Wires and cables shall be installed so as not to be subject to chafing of insulation. Acceptable
provisions shall include the use of clamps, grommets, loom, sleeves, supplementary insulation, conduit,
routing or equivalent means.
Effective until May 17, 2013

5.2 Wiring mounted on a boom, lift, or similar part subject to motion relative to other parts to which the
wiring is connected shall not be subject to damage or failure as the result of kinking, or abrasion.
Effective until May 17, 2013

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5.4 (8.5) Wiring and cables shall not be exposed to drippage of fuel, oil, or grease and shall not be
supported on oil- or grease-retaining surfaces.

8.1.3 (11.1.3) Nonductile (regular grey iron) cast iron shall not be used for LP-Gas confining parts.

8.2.1 (11.2A.1.1) A fuel container shall be a pressure vessel constructed, tested, and marked in

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accordance with (1) the ASME Unfired Pressure Vessel Code or (2) the Specifications of the Department
of Transportation (DOT) for LP-Gas Containers.

8.2.2 (11.2A.1.2) A fuel container shall be fixed to or removable from the vehicle.

11.1.1 Each vehicle shall have the complete fuel system installed at the factory.

Exception: Vehicles equipped to use a removable fuel container are permitted to be shipped without the
fuel container if a metal nameplate that identifies the correct fuel container assembly to be used is
attached adjacent to the container-mounting hardware, see 11.2.5.

11.1.5 If a removable fuel container is used, means shall be provided in the fuel system to reduce the
likelihood of escape of fuel when the container is changed.

11.2.3 A removable fuel container shall be constructed to engage a substantial positioning pin or an
equivalent means to provide for intended positioning of the container when reinstalled so that the cylinder
remains within in the plan view of the truck.

11.2.4 A removable-type container shall have the protection means for the fittings permanently attached
to the container.

11.2.5 Vehicles equipped to use a removable fuel container are permitted to be shipped without the fuel
container if a nameplate that identifies the following is attached adjacent to the container-mounting
hardware:

a) Tank capacity (weight),

b) Type of mounting (horizontal or vertical),

c) Disconnect coupling (thread type), or

d) Type of withdrawal (liquid or gas).

11.2.6 A fuel container shall be installed at not less than the minimum road clearance of the vehicle in
the area of the fuel container. This minimum clearance is to be measured to the bottom of the container
or to the lowest fitting.

11.2.7 LP fuel container, if non-removable, and mounting assembly shall be secured in place on the
vehicle so as to comply with the requirements in the Container Load Test, Section .

11.3 Fuel lines and fittings

11.3.1 Piping from a fuel container to the first-stage regulator shall be iron, steel (black or galvanized),
brass, or copper pipe; seamless copper or steel tubing; flexible LP-Gas hose; or other equivalent piping
means.

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11.3.2 Steel tubing shall have a minimum wall thickness of 0.049 inch (1.25 mm) and shall have a
corrosion resistant exterior coating such as paint. Copper tubing shall have a minimum wall thickness of
0.032 inch (0.81 mm) and shall be annealed. Aluminum piping or tubing shall not be used.

11.3.3 A length of flexible hose of a type designated for use with LP-Gas shall be employed between a
removable container and any fixed fuel-system parts, and between any high-pressure parts on the frame

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and parts that are mounted on the engine. Flexible hose longer than 60 inches (1.5 m) shall have stainless
steel wire braid reinforcement. Flexible hose and hose assemblies shall comply with the requirements in
the Standard for LP-Gas Hose, UL 21 and the Standard for Pigtails and Flexible Hose Connectors for
LP-Gas, UL 569.

11.3.4 A tubing fitting or other fuel line fitting, including a pipe threaded fitting, shall be of a type
designated for use with LP-Gas.

11.3.5 A hose fitting shall be of a type designated for use with LP-Gas and for use with the LP-Gas hose
employed.

11.3.6 A cast fitting shall not be employed for either piping or tubing.

11.3.7 A fuel line shall be supported to reduce the likelihood of chafing and to maintain at least a 2-inch
(50.8-mm) clearance from exhaust- and electrical-system parts.

11.3.8 Flexible hose passing through sheet metal shall be installed to reduce the likelihood of hose
abrasion, such as by use of clamps and grommets.

11.3.9 A pipe-threaded fuel-system fitting, including a container fitting, shall be assembled using a
pipe-joint sealing compound intended for use with LP-Gas. A fuel-system connection, including the
container with any associated valve and fitting, shall be tested for leaks with a soap-and-water or
equivalent solution while the system is under LP-Gas pressure.

11.3.10 The fuel container and associated valves and fittings are permitted to be tested separately using
air pressure.

11.5 Vaporizers

11.5.1 Each vaporizer shall have a valve or plug located at or near the lowest portion of the section
occupied by the water or other heating medium to permit substantially complete draining of the vaporizer.
A vehicle cooling-system drain or water hose that completely drains the vaporizer is considered to comply
with the intent of the requirement.

11.5.2 Each vaporizer shall be marked with the design working pressure in psi (MPa).

11.5.3 Engine exhaust gases shall not be used as a direct means of heat supply for the vaporization of
fuel unless the materials used for parts of the vaporizer in contact with the exhaust gases are resistant to
the corrosive action of the exhaust gases and the vaporizer system is constructed to prevent excessive
pressure.

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11.5.4 A vaporizer shall not be equipped with a fusible plug. A vaporizer shall comply with the
requirements in the Outline for LP-Gas Automotive Accessories, UL 1337.

11.6 Safety-control and -relief devices

11.6.1 An automatic shut-off valve and all relief type valves shall be provided in the fuel system at some

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point ahead of the inlet of the first-stage regulator, constructed to prevent flow of fuel when the ignition is
off and the engine not running or if the engine is to stop. This device shall permit the back flow of fuel
from the vaporizer in the event of a pressure build-up in the vaporizer. Automatic shut-off valves shall
comply with the requirements in the Outline for LP-Gas Automotive Accessories, UL 1337.

11.7 Nonmetallic parts

11.7.1 A nonmetallic part in contact with LP-Gas shall not show a volume change or loss of weight
exceeding the requirements in the Outline for LP-Gas Automotive Accessories, UL 1337.

11.8 Corrosion resistance

11.8.1 If corrosion of a ferrous part will interfere with the intended function of a part, the part shall be
provided with a corrosion-resistant protective coating.

16.1 Type G/LP industrial trucks shall comply with Sections 8 – 11, inclusive and Section 17.

16.2 Type GS/LPS industrial trucks shall comply with Sections 11 – 15, inclusive and Section 17.

17.1.1 The gasoline tank shall be provided with a self-closing type fill and vent fitting provided with a
means to lock it in the closed position in order to prevent accidental opening.

Exception: The fill cap for Type G/LP trucks may be of the threaded type with a suitable gasket which is
retained by a chain or other suitable means.

17.1.2 A gasoline fuel gauge shall be provided, visible to the operator during normal operation of the
vehicle, and a permanent marking shall be located near the fuel gauge indicating the following:

Gasoline tank must be at least one-quarter full when operating on LP-Gas.

17.2.1 Parts of the fuel system that come into contact with both gasoline and LP-Gas fuels shall comply
with the requirements for fuel-confining parts for both fuels. Synthetic rubber parts exposed to both fuels
shall comply with the requirements of 10.3.1 and 11.6.

17.3.2 Vehicles equipped to use a removable fuel container shall be provided with a metal nameplate that
identifies the correct fuel container assembly to be used. The nameplate shall be permanently attached
adjacent to the container-mounting hardware.

17.3.3 A shut-off means designated for use with LP-Gas shall be located between the fuel container and
the vaporizer. The fuel line between the shutoff means and the vaporizer shall be kept as short as
possible. The automatic shut-off valve required by 11.5.1 meets the intent of this requirement.

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17.4.4 A permanent marking place located on or adjacent to the changeover control shall be provided
with the following statement:

″CAUTION – Flammable liquids. When switching from LP-Gas to liquid fuel, be sure that there
is no spillage of liquid fuel from the carburetor float system.″

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Exception: This does not apply to EFI (electronic fuel injection) systems.

17.6.1 A fuel changeover means shall be provided that prevents operation of both fuels at one time.

25.1.3 Ten backfires are to be obtained by alternately racing and idling the engine. An auxiliary spark plug
may be installed as close as possible to the exhaust manifold. The spark plug shall be connected to a
spark coil which can be energized from a battery through a momentary contact switch, to assist in creating
a backfire in the following conditions:

a) The spark timing is to be advanced;

b) Spark plug leads are to be interchanged; or

c) The ignition switch is to be operated to alternately energize and de-energize the ignition
system, or a switch can be added to the ground circuit leading directly to the coil to alternately
energize and de-energize the ignition system.

Exception: If it is determined that the conditions above do not result in a backfire, the Exhaust System
Test for Types G, LP and G/LP can be waived.

29.4.1 (31.4.1) For these tests, amplitude is defined as the maximum displacement of sinusoidal motion
from the position of rest or one-half of the total table displacement. Resonance is defined as the maximum
magnification of the applied vibration.

29.4.2 (31.4.2) A representative sample of the component is to be mounted using its own bracket or a
representative bracket and secured to the test fixture of the vibration test apparatus in the same position
which it occupies when in use.

29.4.3 An electric fuel pump is to be tested both before and after the vibration test, under the conditions
described in 29.1.1, to determine its capacity for rating purposes.
Effective until January 10, 2015

29.4.4 A mechanical-disconnect switch is to be wired into a circuit with an indicator light, and with the
switch contacts closed during the test, to provide a visual means of observing the maintenance of a closed
circuit.
Effective until January 10, 2015

29.4.5 The test specimen is then to be subjected to variable frequency and endurance tests with a vertical
displacement of 0.2 inch (5.1 mm).
Effective until January 10, 2015

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29.4.6 The test specimen is to be vibrated from 10 to 20 hertz in discrete frequency intervals of 2 hertz.
The vibration at each frequency is to be maintained for 5 minutes.
Effective until January 10, 2015

29.4.7 The test specimen is then to be vibrated for the specified period at the frequency that produces
maximum resonance as determined in the variable frequency test or, if no resonance is observed in the

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variable frequency test, at a frequency of 17 hertz.
Effective until January 10, 2015

41.1 The manufacturer shall test each industrial truck assembly for leaks of the LP-Gas system. All
fuel-system connections, including the container with associated valves and fittings, shall be tested for
leaks with a soap-and-water or equivalent solution while the system is under LP -Gas pressure of not less
than 90 psi (621 kPa). All leaks detected shall be repaired.

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Figure 43.1

Markers to identify type of industry truck. The markers for Types GS, DS, LPS, and GS/LPS are 4 inches square (102 by 102 mm).
The width of the marker for Type DY is 5 inches (127 mm). Outline and letters are to be black, the background is to be yellow.

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