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Column Base Design : Steel tower foundation

C15
Input Data

Base length A (m) 2

Base width B (m) 2
Column(s) Col 1 Col 2
C (m) 0.5
D (m) 0.5
E (m)
F (m)
Stub column height X (m) 0.6
Base depth Y (m) 0.5
Soil cover Z (m) 0.3
Concrete density (kN/m3) 25
Soil density (kN/m3) 18
Soil friction angle (°) 22
Base friction constant 0.5
Rebar depth top X (mm) 50
Rebar depth top Y (mm) 60
Rebar depth bottom X (mm) 50
Rebar depth bottom Y (mm) 60
ULS ovt. LF: Self weight 1.4
ULS LF: Self weight 1.4
Max. SLS bearing pr. (kN/m²) 200
S.F. Overturning (ULS) 1.5
S.F. Slip (ULS) 1.5
fc' base (MPa) 30
fc' columns (MPa) 30
fy (MPa) 420
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Loading Data

Unfactored Loads

Load Col LF LF P Hx Hy Mx My
Case no. ULS ULS (kN) (kN) (kN) (kNm) (kNm)
ovt

1 1 1 1.6 150 30 30

Sketch of Base
ACI 318 - 2014 Y

C1
X
D1
B

A
Y

Mx
P
Hx
X
Z

Output for Load Case 1

Note: The scheduled flexural reinforcement was used in the calculations.

Output for Load Case 1

Soil pressure (ULS) (kN/m²) 165.08
Soil pressure (SLS) (kN/m²) 105.49
SF overturning (SLS) 4.80
SF overturning (ULS) 5.43
Safety Factor slip (ULS) 2.98
Safety Factor uplift (ULS) >100
Bottom
Design moment X (kNm/m) 25.46
Reinforcement X (mm²/m) 1340
Design moment Y (kNm/m) 25.46
Reinforcement Y (mm²/m) 3272
Top
Design moment X (kNm/m) 0.00
Reinforcement X (mm²/m) 0
Design moment Y (kNm/m) 0.00
Reinforcement Y (mm²/m) 0
Linear Shear X (MPa) 0.063
vc (MPa) 0.676
Linear Shear Y (MPa) 0.066
vc (MPa) 0.705
Linear Shear Other (MPa) 0.000
Punching Shear (MPa) 0.118
vc (MPa) 1.356
vcu (MPa) 3.61
v col face (MPa) 0.38
Cost 1379.27
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Load Case:1 Legend

Max M (+)
ACI 318 - 2014 Y Y Max M (-)
Max Shear

0.50 0.50
X X

2.00

2.00
0.50 0.50

2.00 2.00
Y Y

Mx Mx
P P
Hx Hx
0.30

0.30
0.60 0.60
0.50 0.50

105.49 kN/m² 165.08 kN/m²

Soil Pressures at SLS Soil Pressures at ULS

Reinforcement Calculation for X-direction:Positive Moments

Load Case 1

Design moment:25.46 kNm/m

Calculation of the maximum steel strain:

f st
st =
200×103
420
=
200×103
= 0.0021

Balanced neutral axis

d
xb =
st
1+
c
450
=
.0021
1+
.003
= 264.706 mm

Maximum allowed neutral axis depth ratio for moment redistribution: (beam) 6.6.5
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 .  . f c'. cstrain
cstrain + 0.0075
max =
fy
.85 ×.83572 ×30 ×.003
.003 + 0.0075
=
420
= 0.0145

Depth of rectangular stress block

a = . x
= .83572 ×264.71
= 221.223 mm

Concrete moment capacity 21.2.2.2

a . . . . .
Mrc = a . d - b   f c' 1×10-6
2
221.22
= 221.22 × 450 - ×1000 ×.85 ×.9 ×30 ×1×10-6
2
= 1 723.083 kNm

Lever arm 21.2.2.2

M
 b d 2 . f c'
. .
z = d . 0.5 + 0.25 -
2. 
2546×104
.9 ×1000 ×450 2 ×30
= 450 × 0.5 + 0.25 -
2 ×.85
= 448.764 mm

Tension steel 21.2.2.2

M
Ast = . .
 f st z
2546×104
=
.9 ×420 ×448.76
= 150.090 mm²
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Neutral axis depth 21.2.2.2

2 . (d - z )
Neutralaxis=

2 ×(450 - 448.76 )
=
.83572
= 2.968 mm

Reinforcement Calculation for Y-direction:Positive Moments

Load Case 1

Design moment:25.46 kNm/m

Calculation of the maximum steel strain:

f st
st =
200×103
420
=
200×103
= 0.0021

Balanced neutral axis

d
xb =
st
1+
c
440
=
.0021
1+
.003
= 258.824 mm

Maximum allowed neutral axis depth ratio for moment redistribution: (beam) 6.6.5

 .  . f c'. cstrain
cstrain + 0.0075
max =
fy
.85 ×.83572 ×30 ×.003
.003 + 0.0075
=
420
= 0.0145
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Depth of rectangular stress block

a = . x
= .83572 ×258.82
= 216.301 mm

Concrete moment capacity 21.2.2.2

a . . . . .
Mrc = a . d - b   f c' 1×10-6
2
216.3
= 216.3 × 440 - ×1000 ×.85 ×.9 ×30 ×1×10-6
2
= 1 647.332 kNm

Lever arm 21.2.2.2

M
 . b . d 2 . f c'
z = d . 0.5 + 0.25 -
2. 
2546×104
.9 ×1000 ×440 2 ×30
= 440 × 0.5 + 0.25 -
2 ×.85
= 438.736 mm

Tension steel 21.2.2.2

M
Ast = . .
 f st z
2546×104
=
.9 ×420 ×438.74
= 153.518 mm²

Neutral axis depth 21.2.2.2

2 . (d - z )
Neutralaxis=

2 ×(440 - 438.74 )
=
.83572
= 3.015 mm
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Punching Shear Stress/Reinforcement Calculation

Load Case 1

Column number:1

The shear force outside the critical perimeter amounts to:155.19 kN

Calculation of required punching shear reinforcement:

abs yb
ß=
xb
abs 1 472.5
=
1 472.5
= 1.0000

Area used for shear

Ash = ucrit . d
= 2945 ×445
= 1.311×106 mm²

22.6.5
v 1 = f c' = 5.477 MPa

22.6.5

2
v t = 0.17 . 1 +
ß
2
= 0.17 × 1 +
1
= 0.5100 MPa

22.6.5 b)
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40 . d
v t2 = 0.083 . +2
ucrit
40 ×445
= 0.083 × +2
2945
= 0.6677 MPa

vt = min(vt2 , vt) = 0.510

vt = min(vt , 0.33) = 0.510

v c = v t . v 1. 
= .33 ×5.4772 ×.75
= 1.356 MPa

Actual shear stress

Veff
vv =
Ash
155192
=
1311×103
= 0.1184 MPa

Shear capacity without reinforcement

v c. Ash
Vcap =
1000
1.3556 ×1311×103
=
1000
= 1 777.192 kN

The concrete shear capacity for this perimeter is sufficient: no shear reinforcement required

Shear Stress/Reinforcement Calculation for Y-direction

Load Case 1

Design shear force:29.23 kN

Based on flexural reinforcement of:3272 mm²/m

Shear Calculations:
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Area used for shear calculations:

Ash = bw. de - (bw - bf ). bf

= 1000 ×440 - (1000 - 0 )×0
= 440.0×103 mm²

Reinforcement ratio 22.5.5

Ast
F1 =
Ash
3272
=
440000
= 0.0074

v 1 = f c' = 5.477 MPa

v1 = min(8.3 , v1) = 5.477

V . de
F2 =
M
29.232 ×.44
=
25.462
= 0.5051

F2 = min(1 , F2) = 0.505

v c = 0.75 . (0.16 . v 1 + 17 . F1. F2)

= 0.75 ×(0.16 ×5.4772 + 17 ×.00744 ×.50513 )
= 0.7052 MPa

Shear force capacity 22.5.5

Vco = v c. bw. de. 1×10-3

= .70516 ×1000 ×440 ×1×10-3
= 310.270 kN

Maximum allowable shear stress

v cu = 0.66 . f c'
= 0.66 × 30
= 3.615 MPa
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Actual Shear stress:

V . 1×103
v=
Ash
29.232 ×1×103
=
440000
= 0.0664 MPa

Shear reinforcement 22.6.8

V - v c. Ash
Asv/sv =
0.75 . d . f yv
29232 - .70516 ×440000
=
0.75 ×440 ×420
= -2.0277

Minimum links 9.6.3.3

0.35 . b
Asv/svn =
f yv
0.35 ×1000
=
420
= 0.8333

v 1 = f c' = 5.477 MPa

0.062 . b . v 1
Asv/svn1 =
f yv
0.062 ×1000 ×5.4772
=
420
= 0.8085

Asvn1 = max(Asvn , Asvn) = 0.833 9.6.3.3