Groundnut: a crop profile and compendium of

notified varieties of India

A.L. Rathnakumar
Ranvir Singh
D.L. Parmar
J.B.Misra

Directorate of Groundnut Research

P.B.No.5, Junagadh-362 001
Gujarat
Publication No.: DGR Pub. No. 03/2013-14 / Groundnut: a crop profile and compendium of
notified varieties of India.

First Edition: 2013, 500 Copies

Correct citation:
Rathnakumar AL, Ranvir Singh, Parmar DL and Misra JB (2013). Groundnut: a crop profile and
compendium of notified varieties of India, Directorate of Groundnut Research, P.B.No.5,
Junagadh-362 001, Gujarat, India. 118p.

Published by:
Director
Directorate of Groundnut Research
P.B.No.5, Junagadh-362 001
Gujarat (India)
Phone : 091-285-2672550
Fax : 091-285-2672550

Design and Printing

Art India Press
College Road, Junagadh-362 001
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Phone : 091-285-2672550
e-mail:[email protected]
 Foreword
Groundnut is an important oilseed crop of India. The crop occupied 5.3 million ha (kharif and rabi-
summer) in the year 2011-12 with a production of 6.9 million tonnes and productivity of 1323 kg/ha.
Groundnut accounts for 22% of the cropped area under the oilseeds, 24% to the total production and 30%
of domestic edible-oil supply. Most of the groundnut production in India is concentrated in six states viz.
Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Rajasthan. The remaining groundnut
producing areas are scattered in the states of Madhya Pradesh, Chhatisgarh, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Orissa
and West Bengal.
Although the crop can be grown in all the seasons, it is grown mainly in rainy season (Kharif; June-
September) under rainfed conditions. The kharif season accounts for about 80% of the total groundnut
production. In the southern (Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh) and southeastern regions (coastal Andhra
Pradesh, Orissa, West Bengal) groundnut is grown also in rice-fallows during post-rainy season (Rabi:
October to March). If irrigation facilities are available, groundnut can be grown during January to May as a
spring or summer crop (in parts of Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra, and Karnataka). The
productivity of rabi-summer groundnut is much higher (about 1600 kg/ha) and stable than that of kharif
(1200 kg/ha) crop.
The average productivity of groundnut in India was around 700 kg/ha just after independence, and at
present, it is about 1300 kg/ha as against the world average of 1774 kg/ha. Although there is a considerable
decrease in groundnut area over the years, the production and productivity has gone up. The major reason
for increase in production and productivity of groundnut even under the rainfed cultivation has been due
mainly to the release of niche-specific varieties coupled with development of suitable improved agro-
production and protection technologies.
Prior to 1970, only 25 varieties were released in the country. With the establishment of 'All India
Coordinated Research Project on oilseeds (AICPRPO)' in 1967 and subsequently with the establishment
of a separate project for groundnut (AICRP-Groundnut) in 1992, as many as 169 stress tolerant and
agronomically superior varieties have been bred and notified in the country raising the total to 194.
However, a comprehensive record of all the varieties of groundnut developed and notified in India is
absent.
This publication, “Groundnut: a crop profile and compendium of notified varieties varieties of India” is a
timely effort by Dr. J.B. Misra, Director, Directorate of Groundnut Research, Junagadh and his team,
which will not only serve as a reference material for all those involved in groundnut improvement work in
the country but also help to claim our legitimate right on the country's genetic wealth in future.

(Swappan Kumar Datta)

 Message
Groundnut, 'the unpredictable legume' is the 13th most important food crop and 4th most important oilseed
crop of the world. In India, the crop is grown on about six million hectare with a production of about seven
million tonnes next only to soyabean and rape-seed mustard. Groundnut accounts for 22% of the area and
about 25% of the total national production of all the oilseeds continues to be an important oilseed and
ancillary food crop of India.
th
Although the crop was introduced to India in 16 century, systematic efforts to breed new varieties
commenced only during the beginning of the last century. In a span of about one century, a total of 194
groundnut varieties have been released by various states (141 varieties) and the central through All India
Coordinated Research Project on Groundnut (53 varieties) to suit various agro-ecological
situations/niches. The spread of the crop from southern peninsular states to western, northern, and north-
eastern states speaks of its remarkable adaptability. Its multiple use such as 'oil-feed-food' makes
groundnut as an important crop to reckon with.

It is highly gratifying to note that the authors have collected information from several formal and informal
sources covering history of development of groundnut varieties right from their introduction in India, their
spread in various parts of country, to early efforts of breeding of new varieties and subsequent series of
notification of varieties year after year. Thus, for the first time in a single cover, a comprehensive
information on the salient features of groundnut varieties in India is now available. The compendium will
go a long way in protecting the Indian interests especially in the era of intellectual property rights. I
complement the authors for their efforts in bringing out this publications. This publication, I am sure, will
serve as a useful resource for all the stakeholders of groundnut in the country and elsewhere.

(B.B.Singh)
 PREFACE

Groundnut is the choice oilseed-food-feed-fodder crop especially among the small and medium farmers of
the semi-arid tropical region of the world. Groundnut was introduced in to India during the first half of the
sixteenth century. The crop has adapted itself very well and its cultivation is now wide spread throughout
the country- from the peninsular region in the south to even foot hills of Kashmir in the north and from
Gujarat in the west to Orissa and West Bengal in the east and even further in the NEH region.

In India, so far as many as 194 varieties have been released notwithstanding that South American continent
is its homeland of groundnut and that the research on groundnut breeding and improvement is only about a
century old in India. More than 20 public institutions representing 14 states are currently engaged on
research on this crop and have come out with several high-yielding and stress-tolerant varieties for
cultivation in various regions of the country where groundnut is grown. Since groundnut is a high-volume
and low-value crop, contribution of private sector in groundnut research and development has well-nigh
been none.

Although, earlier a few monographs on groundnut have been published in India, a systematic account of
introduction of groundnut, its spread in India and also the initiation of efforts for breeding new varieties at
various centres till their release and notification in the country was lacking. With a view to bridging this
gap, this book “Groundnut: A Crop Profile and Compendium of Notified Varieties of India' has been
compiled. Indeed, this required enormous efforts to collect numerous facts and information from various
sources and then to compile the information so gathered into a single volume. It is not feasible to cite or
acknowledge all the sources of information yet the important ones have been cited to help the readers
desirous of gaining in-depth information.

For each variety, besides the information comprising the progenitor centre, recommended agro-climatic
region/state, season for cultivation, a certain salient features, and reaction to pests and diseases, the traits of
commercial importance, viz., pod and kernel yields, shelling outturn, seed size and oil content etc. have
also been given in this compendium.

While collecting the entire information, it was revealed that during the pre-independence era, tremendous
research efforts, though unorganized, have gone in for improving an introduced crop like groundnut.
Every single germplasm and cultivar was required to be imported and meticulously evaluated for
development of niche specific varieties. Subsequently, organized efforts, initially through All India
Coordinated Research Project on Oilseeds and later through All India Coordinated Research Project on
Groundnut, made by various dedicated scientists as also by the research managers, provided the much
needed impetus to research in this direction. This book, in a way, is a reflection and appreciation of all the
research efforts made by such scientists committed to the cause of groundnut improvement.

The authors hope that this compendium would serve as a handy reference book to gain information on
Indian groundnut varieties and thus be quite useful to researchers, extension workers, seed agencies,
administrators and the students alike.

Authors
 Contents
1. Introduction 1-5

2. Botany and Ecology 6-10

3. History, Spread and Development of Groundnut Varieties in India 11-15

4. Pioneering States and Institutions Fostering Groundnut Varietal 16-20

Development in India

5. Notification and National Identity Numbers 21-27

6. Groundnut Breeding and Varietal Development 28-33

7. Habit Group-wise Information on Varieties Released

a. Spanish Bunch 34-70

b. Valencia 71-72

c. Virginia Bunch 73-89

d. Virginia Runner 90-100

References 101-103

Annexures 104-118
 List of Tables

Table No. Details Page No.

1a Chemical composition of groundnut seed 1
1b Nutritional values of groundnut seed (kernel) 1
lc Fatty acid composition (%), oleic/linoleic ratio and iodine 2
value of groundnut genotypes differing in habit groups
2 Triennial average (2009-10 to 2011-12) of area, production and yield of 2
major groundnut producing contries
3 Quinquennial (2007-08 to 2011-12) average area, production 3
and productivity of groundnut in major states of India
4 Agro-climatic zones of groundnut 3
5a Agro-climatic zones and AICRP-G centes for kharif groundnut 4
5b Agro-climatic zones and AICRP-G centes for rabi-summer groundnut 4
6 Details of market types of HPS grade groundnuts (kernels) 5
7 Export of groundnut from India 5
8 Taxonomy of groundnut 7
9 Taxonomic sub-divisions of Arachis hypogaea L. 9
10 Attributes of old groundnut varieties cultivated in different states 14-15
of India from 1900-1940
11 Institution-wise account of release of varieties 19-20
12 List of groundnut varieties released in India and their national 22-27
identity and notification numbers
13 Breeding methods employed for developing groundnut varieties 29
in India
 1. Introduction
Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an annual legume and is also known as peanut, earthnut, goober pea,
goober, pindas, jack nut, manila nut, pygmy nut, pignut, and monkey nut. The term monkey nut is often
used to mean the entire pod. Groundnut seeds (kernels) contain 35.8- 54.2% oil (Jambunathan et al. 1985),
16.2-36.0% protein (Dwivedi et al. 1990), and 10-20% carbohydrate (Salunkhe et al. 1992). The seeds are
also a good source of minerals like calcium, phosphorus and iron and vitamins like E, niacin, folacin,
riboflavin and thiamine. Groundnut haulms constitute nutritious fodder for livestock. They contain protein
(8-15%), lipids (1-3%), minerals (9-17%), and carbohydrate (38-45%) at levels higher than those of the
cereal fodders. The digestibility of nutrients in groundnut haulm is around 53% and that of crude protein is
88% in animals (Nagaraj, 1988). Composition of nutrients in different parts of the groundnut seed and the
nutritional value are provided in Table 1a and 1b.
Groundnut kernels are consumed directly as raw, roasted or boiled or used for oil extraction. Groundnut is
used for culinary purposes and also for a host of other purposes. Groundnut and its products are also used
as an animal feed (seeds, oil pressings, and green and dried haulms) and industrial raw material (oil and de-
oiled cakes). After harvest the roots left behind in the soil add valuable nutrients to the soil. These multiple
uses of groundnut plant make it an excellent crop for domestic markets as well as for foreign trade in
several developing and developed countries.
Table 1a. Chemical composition of various parts of groundnut seed (g/100 g)
Constituents Testa Embryo axis Kernels
Moisture 9.0 - 3.9-13.2
Protein 11.0-13.4 26.5-27.8 21.4-36.4
Fat 0.5-1.9 39.4-43.0 35.8-54.2
Total carbohydrate 48.3-52.2 - 6.0-24.9
Reducing sugar 1.0-1.2 7.9 0.1-0.4
Sucrose - 12.0 1.9-6.4
Starch - - 0.9-5.3
Crude fibre 21.4-34.9 1.6-1.8 1.6-1.9
Ash 1.9-4.6 1.9-3.2 1.8-3.1
Source: Cobb and Johnson (1973)

Table 1b. Nutritional values of groundnut seed (kernel)

Nutrients Content in 100 g of seed
Raw Roasted
Calories 564 582
Protein (g) 26 26
Fat (g) 47.5 48.7
Calcium (mg) 69 72
Iron (mg) 2.1 2.2
Thiamine (B1) (mg) 1.1 0.3
Riboflavin (B2) (mg) 0.13 0.13
Niacin (mg) 17.2 17.2
Source: Burn and Huffmann (1975)

1
 Table 1c. Fatty acid composition (%), oleic/linoleic ratio and iodine value of oil of groundnut
genotypes differing in habit groups
Virginia runner Virginia bunch Spanish bunch
Fatty acid
Range Mean Range Mean Range Mean
Palmitic (16:0) 8.54 -10.77 9.61 9.25 -12.12 10.54 9.41 -12.61 11.48
Stearic (18:0) 2.03 -3.14 2.63 1.55 -3.41 2.42 1.74 -5.00 3.40
Oleic (18:1) 50.55 -54.69 52.18 37.64 -49.13 43.42 36.30 -49.70 41.89
Linoleic (18:2) 29.70 -33.37 31.96 33.82 -46.65 39.68 29.96 -44.32 39.64
Arachidic (20:0) 0.1 7-0.53 0.31 0.19 -0.79 0.34 0.19 -0.80 0.40
Eicosenoic (20:1) 0.51 -1.06 0.83 0.57 -1.19 0.88 0.33 -0.97 0.62
Behenic (22:0) 1.50 -2.89 2.37 1.05 -4.10 2.77 1.32 -4.04 2.67
Oleic/Linoleic 1.53 -1.8 3 1.64 0.82 -1.45 1.11 0.83 -1.53 1.09
Iodine value 99.2 0-100.9 0 100.9 0 101.5 0-114.2 0 106.40 93.70 -111.20 105.20
Source: Raheja et al. (1987)
The crop is cultivated in more than 100 countries in six continents mostly in tropical countries between 40
ºN to 40 ºS latitudes. It is grown globally in an area of 22 million hectares with a total production of 38
million tons and a yield of 1,774 kg/ha of pod in the year 2011-12 (FAOSTAT 2012). Production is
concentrated (90% of global groundnut area) in Asia and Africa in the semi-arid regions (SAT) where
small farmers grow the crop under rain-fed conditions with limited or no inputs.
Major groundnut growing countries are India (19%), China (22%), Nigeria (11%), and the USA (2.0%).
Globally, China (42%) and India (18%) are the largest producers followed by Nigeria (7.7%), the USA
(4.3%) and Indonesia (1.8%). The triennial average area, production and yield in different countries
during 2009-10 to 2011-12 are provided in Table 2.
Table 2.Triennial average (2009-10 to 2011-12) of area, production and yield of major
groundnut producing countries
Country Area Production Yeild
(lakh ha) (lakh tones) (kg/ha)
China 44.04 149.38 3390
India 55.20 61.06 1105
Nigeria 25.36 28.26 1119
USA 5.17 19.67 3796
Myanmar 8.40 13.36 1590
Senegal 10.30 10.16 975
Indonesia 6.43 7.76 1240
Niger 6.86 3.22 466
World 240.05 375.11 1562
Source: FAOSTAT 2012
In India, groundnut accounts for about 22% of area (5.86 million ha) and 25% (8.26 million tons) of
production of total oil seeds (DAC, 2012). Groundnut production in India is mostly concentrated in six
states, viz., Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and Maharashtra and Rajasthan (Table 3).
These six states account for about 90% of the total groundnut area. The remaining areas are scattered in the
states of Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Odisha and West Bengal. (The state-wise area,
production and productivity in the last five years are provided in Annexure I)
About 75% of cropped area of groundnut in India lies in a low to moderate rainfall areas (parts of
peninsular region and western and central regions), with a short period of distribution. Based on rainfall
pattern, soil factors, diseases and pest situations, groundnut growing areas in India have been divided into
five agro-climatic zones (Table 4). The zone-wise location of various All India Coordinated Research
Project on Gronudnut (AICRP-G) centers for kharif and rabi-summer seasons are shown in Table 5a and
Table 5b, respectively.
2
 Table 3. Quinquennial (2007-08 to 2011-12) average of area, production
and productivity in six major groundnut growing states of India
State Kharif Rabi -summer Total
Gujarat A 16.81 1.35 18.17
P 25.13 2.48 27.61
Y 1502 1829 1522
Andhra Pradesh A 12. 83 2.75 15.58
P 9.47 5.46 14.93
Y 691 1981 930
Tamil Nadu A 2.93 1.61 4.54
P 5.19 4.73 9.93
Y 1807 3078 2227
Karnataka A 6.37 1.76 8.13
P 4.44 1.56 6.00
Y 692 887 735
Maharashtra A 2.71 0.74 3.45
P 3.00 1.06 4.06
Y 1102 1443 1174
Rajast han A 3.37 0.03 3.38
P 5.70 0.05 5.71
Y 1676 1370 1675
All India A 48.91 9.31 58.22
P 57.24 17.11 74.35
Y 1164 1839 1273
A=Area (lakh ha); P=Production (lakh tons); Y=Yield (kg/ha)

Table 4. Agro-climatic zones of groundnut

Rainfall Temp (oC) Relative Crop
Zone Soil type humidity duration Pest and diseases
(mm) Min. Max. (%) (days)
Zone I 466-478 Sandy to sandy 12 38 57 - 88 120 -150 White grub, termites, collar
Rajasthan, Haryana, loam (saline- rot, stem rot and leaf-spots
Punjab, Uttar Pradesh alkaline soils in
some cases)
Zone II 547-866 Medium black 19 35 76 - 94 115 -130 Thrips, jassids
Gujarat, southern (calcareous; low Spodoptera, collar rot,
Rajasthan soil depth) stem rot and leaf-spots
Zone III 610-939 Medium black to 16 37 65 - 90 100 -110 Rust, leaf-spots,
Northern Maharashtra, loamy (neutral soil Spodoptera, Helicoverpa,
Madhya Pradesh with good depth) thrips and jassids
Zone IV 747-1268 Alluvium, sandy I4 34 78 - 92 110- 120 Aphids, thrips, rust, leaf-
Jharkhand, loam to clay-loam spots and pod rot
West Bengal, Odisha, (mostly acidic)
North Eastern,
Hill region
Zone V 455-900 Red-lateritic to 15 31 68 - 95 95 -120 Rust, leaf-spots, dry root
Southern Maharashtra, sandy-loam (high rot, stem rot, leaf miner,
Andhra Pradesh, alumina content Spodoptera and termites
Karnataka, Tamil Nadu forms hard crusts)

3
 Table 5a. Agro-climatic zones and AICRP-G centers for kharif groundnut
Zone Centres
Zone I Mainpuri, Hanumangarh, Durgapura, Ludhiana*
Zone II Junagadh, Amreli*, Talod*, Udaipur, Pratapgarh*
Zone III Khargone, Jalgaon, Akola*, Shirgaon (Ratnagiri)
Zone IV Kanke, Bhubaneshwar, Mohanpur, Imphal
Zone V Vriddhachalam, Aliyarnagar, Tindivanam* Jagtial, Kadiri, Tirupati*, Dharwad,
Raichur, Chinthamani, Latur*
*Voluntary centre

Table 5b. Agro-climatic zones and AICRP-G centers for rabi-summer groundnut
Zone Centres
Zone I (Spring) Mainpuri, Modipuram*, Ludhiana*
Zone II (Summer zone) Junagadh, Vyara, Anand*, Akola*, Jalgaon
Zone IIIa (Summer zone) Dharwad, Raichur, Chinthamani, Shirgaon (Ratnagiri), Rahuri
Zone IIIb (Rabi zone) Aliyarnagar, Bhavanisagar, Vriddhachalam, Tindivanam*,
Kadiri, Jagtial, Tirupati*
Zone IV (Rabi zone) Bhubaneswar, Badachana*, Mohanpur
*Voluntary centre

Although the crop can be grown throughout the year, it is grown mainly in rainy season (kharif; June-
September). The kharif season accounts for about 80% of the total area and production. In the southern
(Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh) and southeastern parts (coastal Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, West Bengal) of
India, groundnut is also grown in rice fallows during post-rainy season (rabi; October to March). If
irrigation facilities are available, groundnut can be grown from January to May as a summer (Gujarat,
Maharashtra, Karnataka) or spring crop (parts of Uttar Pradesh and Punjab). Groundnut is also grown in
different cropping systems like sequential, multiple, and intercropping with an array of field (sorghum,
maize, bajra, pigeon pea, green gram, black gram) and commercial/plantation (cotton, sugarcane,
coconut) crops.
India has the largest area under groundnut in the world but the productivity of groundnut has been rather
low (1,323 kg/ha; DAC, 2012) when compared with the world (1,774 kg/ha). However, the productivity of
rabi-summer groundnut in India is high (1,938 kg/ha) and stable compared to that of kharif (1,188 kg/ha)
crop (DAC, 2012). Variations in rain-fall cause major fluctuations in groundnut production in India.
Because groundnut is grown mainly as a rain-fed crop, there is a high level of fluctuation both in the area
and production depending on the rainfall pattern. The productivity is restricted by drought, low inputs by
small holders and marginal farmers in dry land areas, high incidence of soil borne (collar rot; stem rot),
foliar fungal (rust; early leaf spot (ELS); late leaf spot (LLS) and virus (peanut bud necrosis, PBND;
peanut stem necrosis, PSND) diseases and attack by certain insect-pests (Spodoptera, Helicoverpa, leaf
miner, thrips, jassids).
Groundnut is the 13th most important food crop and 4th most important oilseed crop of the world. About
50% of total global production of groundnut is crushed for extraction of oil for human consumption and
industrial uses, about 35% is used for food or confectionery purposes, and the remaining 15% is used as
seed and animal feed (Birthal et al. 2010). While in India, about 81% of the total groundnut produced was
used for oil extraction, 12% for seed 6% for direct consumption, and 1% for export trade (Reddy, 1988).

4
Currently, the world trade of edible groundnut is around 1.25 million metric tons. The United States of
America is one of the world's leading groundnut exporters, with average annual exports ranging between
0.15 and 0.20 million metric tons. Argentina and China are the other major exporters. Countries such as
Vietnam and several African countries periodically enter the world market depending upon their crop
quality and world market demand.
European Union is the major importer of groundnut oil and groundnuts (both with and without shells); the
value of imports in 2010 was about 254 million USD (FAOSTAT 2012). During the same period,
Argentina stood first among the groundnut oil exporting countries with a value of 80 million USD.
Around the world several value-added products have been developed from groundnut, viz., peanut flour,
roasted peanuts (in-shell), boiled peanuts (in-shell), roasted and salted peanuts (kernels), peanut butter,
peanut candy, etc., which have a number of applications including bakery, confectionery and general
consumer market. In India, the “Hand Picked and Selected” (HPS) groundnuts, used mainly for food
purposes, are high-value and premium-priced item in the world market and enjoy excellent demand world
over. The market types, which are exported to different countries, are 'Bolds' or 'Runners', Java or Spanish
and Red Natals. The commercial specifications of these varieties are provided in Table 6.
Table 6. Details of market types of HPS grade groundnuts (kernels)
Type Counts per ounce Specifications
Bold 35/40, 38/42, 40/45, 45/50, 45/55, 60/70, 70/80 Moisture content: 7% maximum;
Java 40/50, 45/55, 60/70, 70/80, 80/90, 100/120, aflatoxin B1: 2 ppb maximum; and
aflatoxin total: 4 ppb maximum for EU
120/140, 140/160, 160/180
Red skin Java 70/80, 80/90
Source: www.agrocrops.com
Though, India remains the second largest producer of groundnut in the world, its contribution in the world
trade of edible groundnut has been dwindling compared to other regions of the world. Until mid-1970s,
India was one of the prominent exporters of edible groundnut to many countries. During 1979-80, India's
groundnut exports were of 12,000 tons and the foreign exchange earnings were of Rs. 91 millions. During
2011-12, India has become the top exporter of groundnut (8.53 lakh metric tons of value Rs. 5250 crores
followed by China (DGCIS, FAOSTAT 2012). However, the aflatoxin contamination in the produce (in
kernels and meal) and the stringent quality standards imposed by European Union (EU) pose a great threat
to the export of edible groundnuts. The figures for exports of groundnut from India in the past five years is
given inTable 7. The figures for export by different countries in the last three years are given in Annexure II.
Table 7. Export of groundnut from India
Quantity Value
Year (tons) (Rs crores)
2006 -07 251429 799
2007 -08 268156 1042
2008 -09 297890 1239
2009 -10 340243 1426
2010 -11 433751 2178
2011 -12 853084 5250
(Source: DGCIS)
The strength of India however, lies in irrigated production system of rabi-summer season with high input
and management conditions. A few promising large-seeded confectionery-grade varieties having hundred
seed mass more than 70 g with nutty flavour have also been developed and released recently. Through
good agricultural practices, proper pre- and post-harvest management practices and hygienic storage
conditions, the international edible groundnuts trade can be boosted further.
5
 2. Botany and Ecology
Groundnut is a species of the legume family Fabaceae (the taxonomy of groundnut is given in Table 8). It is
an annual herbaceous plant, growing 30-50 cm tall. The leaves are tetrafoliolate, paripinnate, stipulate,
borne spirally in a 2/5 phyllotaxy (two opposite pairs; no terminal leaflet); each leaflet is 2 to 8 cm long and
1 to 4 cm broad.
The inflorescence is 'modified sessile papilionaceous', 2-4 cm wide, borne on axils of leaves on primary or
secondary branches, spike-like, simple or compound monopodia. Each node has up to five flowers.
However, for each inflorescence, three flowers are most common and at any given time only one flower
opens (Moss and Rao, 1995).
The flower (Figure 1) appear to be stalked due to presence of tubular 'hyphanthium' or 'calyx tube'. The
flower is subtended by a bract, with a second bract on the inflorescence branch. There are two calyx lobes
an awn-like, the one opposite the keel (includes one sepal), and a broad one on the outer side of the standard
(includes four fused sepals). The corolla comprises 5 petals (1 standard, 2 wings, and 2 keel). The standard
petal is light yellow to deep orange or rarely white. A central crescent area exists on the face of the standard
petal, which can be deeper in colour as that of standard or may be of a different colour. The wing is usually
the same colour as the standard but the colour may vary with varieties . Stamens are 10, monoadelphous,
with the staminal column surrounding the ovary. Two of them are usually sterile. Of the remaining, 4 are
globose and uniloculate and 4 are oblong, three are biloculate and the one opposite to standard is
uniloculate. Filaments are fused for two-thirds of their length and form acute angles with their fused bases.
Stigma is club-shaped or clavate usually at anther level or protruding slightly above.

Standard

Wing

Stigma

Anthers

Calyx
Style Keel
Hypanthium

6 mm

Ovule

Ovary
Bract

Figure 1. Parts of a groundnut flower

(Source: Cofflet, 1989)

6
A day before anthesis, the flower bud is 6-10 mm long. During day time the hypanthium elongates slowly
and the buds grow to 10-20 mm long. The elongation is faster during nights and at the time of anthesis the
buds are about 50-70 mm long. Flower buds generally open at dawn; it may be delayed due to cold or wet
weather. The dehiscence of anthers takes place 7-8 hours before the flower opening or some times even a
shorter gap. The stigma is reported to be receptive from 24 hours before to 12 hours after the opening of the
flower, but generally it is receptive only a few hours before anthesis. The pollen tube grows at the rate of
about 1 cm per hour resulting in fertilization 5-6 hours after pollination. As the stigma and anthers are
enclosed in the keel, self pollination is the rule. Natural cross-pollination has also been reported ranging up
to 6% (Hammons and Leuck, 1966; Culp et al. 1968).

After pollination, the ovary at the base of the calyx tube starts growing within a week by the activation of
the intercalary meristem located just below it. The green ovary becomes purplish from tip downwards. The
developing ovary, pierces through the floral parts to reveal an elongating peg, a green stalk-like structure,
which is botanically a 'carophore' or 'gynophore' and this peg carrying the ovary at its tip then starts
growing (elongating) geotropically. After entering the soil to a certain depth, the peg becomes
diageotropic and then ceases to elongate. The diageotropism is such that the ovules are always located on
the upper wall of the pod with the pod tip pointing away from the plant. The fruit, botanically a pod
(lomentiform carpel), develops into a 3 to 7 cm long structure containing 1 to 4 seeds which matures
underground.
Table 8. Taxonomy of groundnut
Kingdom Plantae
Division Tracheophyta
Class Magnoliophyta
Order Fabales
Family Leguminosae
Subfamily Faboideae
Tribe Aeschynomeneae
Sub tribe Stylosanthenae
Genus Arachis
Species hypogaea

Origin and classification of varieties

The cultivated groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a tetraploid (amphidiploid or allotetraploid) with a
chromosome number 2n=4x=40. The genome has two sets of chromosomes from two different species,
thought to be A.duranensis and A.ipaensis, which are believed to have combined to form a tetraploid
species, A.monticola, which eventually gave rise to the domesticated groundnut, A.hypogaea
(Krapovickas, 1973).
Arachis hypogaea L. is the only species cultivated worldwide for its seed and oil and is not known to occur
in wild state. However, at least two other species have been cultivated for their seed. These are
A.villosulicarpa (cultivated in northwestern Brazil) and A.stenosperma (cultivated in central and
southwestern Brazil). Two other species, A.glabrata and A.pintoi are also being cultivated as forage plants
in South America, North America and Australia, while the species A.repens is being used as a ground cover
in south America.
The cultivated groundnut has been divided into two sub-species, distinguished primarily on the basis of
branching pattern (Figure 2a) and distribution of vegetative and reproductive axes (Figure 2b). The
subspecies 'hypogaea' has two botanical varieties, 'hypogaea' (spreading-Virginia runner and semi-
spreading-Virginia bunch types) and 'hirsuta' (Peruvian runner), whereas the subspecies 'fastigiata' has
four ('fastigiata'-valencia; 'vulgaris'-Spanish bunch; 'peruviana' and 'aequatoriana') (Gregory, et al. 1973
and Krapovickas and Gregory, 1994).

7
1. Erect (Spanish bunch, Valencia types) 2. Semi-spreading (Virginia bunch) 3. Spreading (Virginia runner)

Figure 2a. Growth habit of different botanical varieties based on branching pattern

1. Sequential (Spanish, Valencia) 2. Alternate (Virginia runner, Virginia bunch) 3. Irregular (Intermediates)

Figure 2b. Arrangement of vegetative and reproductive axes on different branches

(Source : IBPGR, ICRISAT, 1985)

8
The subspecies hypogaea and hirsuta share several morphological features. The floral axes on main axis
are absent and pairs of vegetative branches and floral axes alternate along lateral branches (Figure 2b). The
Virginia type is less hairy, with short branches, whereas hirsuta type is more hairy with long branches. The
Virginia runner and Peruvian runner varieties are prostrate and possess seed dormancy, and require 4-6
months growing season. The prostrate varieties are commonly called 'runners' or 'spreading' types as
lateral branches remain close to the ground, giving a spreading appearance. The accessions of Peruvian
runner, however, are very few in world germplasm collections.
While fastigiata and vulgaris types share some morphological features, in both of these, the floral axes are
found on the main axis. There is a continuous run of multifloral axes along lateral branches. The 'Valencia
type' is less branched whereas 'Spanish type' is more branched. The Valencia and Spanish varieties are
erect, have non-dormant seeds, and mature in 3 to 4 months. Erect types are also called 'bunch types' as the
upright growth of branches give mature plant a tightly bunched and bushy appearance.
Erect types often have smaller number of individual pods per plant than the prostrate types. However, the
erect types tend to have slightly higher seed oil and seed protein contents. Spanish types are particularly
rich in oil. The distinguishing morphological features among the botanical varieties are presented in Table 9.

Table 9. Taxonomic sub-divisions of Arachis hypogaea L.

Sub-species Market type Distinguishing characteristics

Sub-species: hypogaea No floral axes on main stem; alternating

pairs of floral and reproductive axes on
branches; prostrate; branches short, less
hairy; medium to late maturing

Variety: hypogaea Virginia runner Prostrate, profuse branching; less hairy;

(Spreading) large- seeded

Variety: hirsuta Peruvian runner Limited branching; more hairy, small-

seeded

Sub-speices: fastigiata Floral axes on main stem; continuous run

of multifloral axes along lateral branches;
upright growth habit

Variety: fastigiata Valencia Few long upright branches, hairy leaf;

pods with 2 or 2-4 (rarely 5) seeds,
beaked; reticulation prominent; testa-red,
yellow, purple or variegated

Variety: peruviana - Less hairy; pods deeply reticulated

Variety: aequatoriana - Purple stem; more branched, erect; very

hairy; pods deeply reticulated

Variety: vulgaris Spanish bunch More branched than Valencia; pods

slightly reticulated, seeds mostly 2,
salmon, red, purple or white testa

9
Ecology
The groundnut can be successfully cultivated between 35ºS to 40ºN latitudes, but it extends up to 45ºN in
central Asia and North America. It adapts to a wide range of environments. The crop is commercially
grown below 1,250 m (MSL), although many varieties could be found at much higher elevations.
Groundunt can grow very well in well-drained sandy loam soils as the light soils help in easy penetration of
pegs and their development and harvesting of pods. The productivity of groundnut is high in soils with pH
between 6.0-6.5.
Climatic conditions such as temperature and rainfall significantly influence groundnut production. Warm
and moist conditions are highly congenial. Cool and wet climate delay the germination and seedling
emergence, and thus enhance the risk of seed rot and seedling diseases.
Adequate and well-distributed rainfall during the growing season especially during flowering, pegging
and pod formation stages, is essential for realising maximum yield and quality of groundnut. Groundnut is
widely grown in areas receiving 600 to 1,500 mm of rainfall. However, the crop can be grown most
profitably with a rainfall of about 1000 mm.
For successful cultivation of groundnut, the quantum of rainfall required at various stages of crop growth is:
* 100 mm for pre-sowing operations (preparatory cultivation)
* 150 mm for sowing, proper germination and a good crop stand
* 400-500 mm for flowering and pod development
Temperature is a major environmental factor that determines the rate of crop development. Temperatures
above 35°C inhibit the growth of groundnut. Optimum temperature for growth processes is between 25-
30°C (Ketring et al. 1982) and the growth ceases at 15°C. For rapid emergence, soil temperature above
21°C is needed. The optimum temperature for the most rapid germination and seedling development is
about 30°C; 28-30°C for proper vegetative growth; 25-28°C for flowering (Fortainer et al. 1957; Cox,
1979) and 23-26°C for pod formation and pod development (Willims et al. 1975). Temperatures between
25 and 30ºC are optimum for plant development (Weiss, 2000). A minimum of 100-day optimum
temperature in growing season is necessary for reaping a good harvest.
Groundnut is a day neutral plant (Foretainer, 1957; Summerfield and Roborts, 1985) and thus little
affected by day length. However, studies have shown that pod yield is significantly influenced by day
length (Ketring 1979; Witzenberger et al. 1988). It is now well established that long days promote
vegetative growth at the expense of reproductive growth and increased crop growth rate, decreased
partitioning of photosynthates to pods and decreased duration of effective pod filling phase (Ketring 1979,
Witzenberger et al.1988; Nigam et al. 1994 and 1998). At low light intensity, plant growth however is
adversely affected.

10
 3. History, Spread and Development of Groundnut Varieties in India
The groundnut plant is believed to have originated in the South American continent, primarily in the tropical
areas of Peru. The archaeological records support its cultivation between 300 and 2500 BC in Peruvian desert
oases (Weiss, 2000; Smith, 2002). Although no archaeological evidence of groundnut has been uncovered in
this area due its tropical climate, the Gurarani region of Paraguay, eastern Bolivia, and central Bolivia showed
the greatest diversity of wild Arachis species. The cultivated groundnut was likely first domesticated in the
valleys of the Paraguay and Prarana rivers in the Chaco region of South America (Figure 3).

0
0

200S Primary
centre

Distribution
of wild
species

Secondary centres
0 1 Guarani
40 S
2 Goias and Minas Gerais
3 Western Brazil
4 Bolivia
5 Peru
6 North-eastern Brazil

Figure 3: Centres of origin and diversity of Arachis species

(Source: Weiss, 2000)

Diffusion
Groundnut is widely distributed and has adapted itself in various countries of the world. Currently it is
grown in about 100 countries between 40°N and 40°S. The diffusion of the crop to various countries can be
traced along the dotted lines (Figure 4).

11
 Tropic of Cancer

Equator

Tropic of Capricon

Figure 4. Centre of origin (solid line), area of intensive cultivation (dotted line) and areas of
maximum cultivation (shaded) of groundnut in the world
(Source: Weiss, 2000)

Krapovickas (1969) provided a history of introduction of different botanical varieties since 1500 AD. The
Spaniards, who explored the southern America, encountered this nut-like seed and soon after, the different
varieties of groundnut started to spread around the world.
A type of variety named 'Virginia' was taken from the Antilles to Mexico around 1500 and then quickly
introduced into West Africa. This variety was later introduced into eastern North America from both West
Indies and West Africa in the 17thcentury. Then it moved to the other parts of North America.
The 'Peruvian variety' was taken to the Philippines by Spanish galleons and then to southeastern China
before 1600, where it was known as 'foreign beans'. Subsequently, it spread throughout China and to Japan
where it was known as 'Chinese beans'. Chinese settlers were probably responsible for introduction of this
variety to the rest of southeast Asia and Indonesia.
The 'Spanish variety' was taken into Africa directly by the Portuguese explorers and there it got mixed with
the 'Virginia variety' and produced a great diversity of African land races. The 'Spanish variety', evidently
th
was introduced into Spain from Brazil via Lisbon in the late 18 century. From Spain it was introduced into
southern France and finally into the USA in 1871.
The 'Valencia types' were probably introduced into Spain from Cordoba, Argentina around 1900 and were
then introduced to the USA from Valencia during 1910. Groundnut did not reach England and France until
long after Spanish and Portuguese had first encountered them.

12
Introduction of groundnut in India
Initially it was thought that groundnut arrived in India possibly from Africa, as one of the Indian names for
groundnut was 'Mozambique bean'. Later, based on the affinity between the type grown in Asia (including
India) and the Peruvian forms, it was confirmed that groundnut was introduced into India primarily by
Spaniards (Krapovickas, 1969; Hammons, 1982). On the basis of a study of herbarium specimens, Badami
(1936) found close resemblance between the variety, 'Indigenous' grown in Mysore and the varieties
grown in South America, Philippines, China and Indonesia. Krapovickas (1969) finally concluded that the
Peruvian type (variety hirsuta) was first transported along the American west coast to Mexico and then
across pacific to the Philippines, from where it spread to China and India in addition to Malaysia and
Indonesia.
The credit for the introduction of the crop into India goes to the Spanish missionaries who followed Vasco
De Gama shortly after his first landing in India. It is likely that the groundnut plant was introduced into
India as early as in the first half of the sixteenth century (John et al. 1955). In Buchanan-Hamilton's book,
“Travels through Mysore”, South Kanara and Malabar', written in 1800, the plant is referred to as being
cultivated together with turmeric. In the Annual Land Revenue Report, 1850-51, of the collector of South
Arcot in Tamil Nadu, it is referred to as “a crop that has already proved profitable on dry lands, the oil being
in steady demand in European markets” (Seshadri, 1962). The extent of groundnut cultivation in that year
was reported to be 4,000 acres (approx1618 ha) and at that time, it was probably the largest area grown in
any state in India. Since the area under groundnut was the largest in South Arcot district in mid-nineteenth
century, it may be assumed that the introduction of groundnut crop occurred on the east coast of the then
Madras state (comprising Tamil Nadu, Andhara Pradesh and Karnataka).
With the introduction of groundnut as an oilseed in the European markets, a stimulus for its cultivation was
received around the world including India. The area under groundnut in the then Madras State began to
expand even beyond the Madras State and reached more than 2.50 lakh acres (about 1.01 lakh hectares) by
1890. Watt (1908) mentioned that 1,12,000 acres were under groundnut in India in 1879, of which two-
thirds was in the erstwhile Bombay state (Maharashtra and Gujarat). During 1896-97, the area, however,
began to shrink as the so-called 'indigenous' variety was said to have deteriorated. According to Leiberherr
(1928) there was shrinkage of area in Bombay state about the same time.
th
Towards the end of 19 century, improved varieties were introduced by various agencies into India from
different sources. Messers Parry and Company introduced the variety 'Mauritius' from Mozambique (East
Africa) in 1894 (Bensen, 1914). In 1901-02, the erstwhile Bombay Department of Agriculture introduced
the varieties 'Mauritius' from Pondicherry; 'Spanish' and 'Virginia' from the United States and 'Small
Japan' and 'Large Japan' from Japan (Kelkar, 1911). All these exotic introductions fared better than the
indigenous stocks and subsequently replaced the latter. With the growing demand for groundnut and its
products in foreign markets coupled with introduction, acclimatisation and improvement of exotic
varieties undertaken by various state Departments of Agriculture, there was a phenomenal expansion in
cultivation of groundnut crop in India (Seshadri, 1962).
Until 1900 'Guarani', a variety which matured in 195 days and required only 2-3 irrigations after the
monsoon, was cultivated on a large-scale. During the next decade two varieties that could grow in rain-fed
conditions 'Big Japan (a spreading variety)' and 'Spanish (an erect/bunch variety)' became popular. Thus,
spreading, semi-spreading and bunch varieties with higher oil contents and maturing in 105-145 days,
gained entry and reigned over various regions in the country.

Except for 'Spanish Improved', which was released in 1905, the information about the cultivars
recommended for cultivation during the subsequent four decades (1900-1940) has not been documented
well. The first attempt to compile the information on the recommended varieties was made by
Ramamurthy in 1974. The compilation included 31 varieties (Table 10). In this compilation, the details of
their years of release, pedigrees and the originating institutions, however, were not mentioned.
13
Table 10: Attributes of old groundnut varieties cultivated in different states of India from 1900-1940

14
Table 10: Attributes of old groundnut varieties cultivated in different states of India from 1900-1940 (contd...)

Note: Various descriptors of special features are the same as used in the source literature.

15
 4. Pioneering States and Institutions Fostering Groundnut Varietal Development in India

In India, groundnut breeding began as early as in 1915 at the Hebbal Farm in Mysore. Subsequently in
1926, groundnut breeding was initiated by the erstwhile Madras State with the establishment of a
Groundnut Research Station at Palakuppam (South Arcot District). Even prior to initiation of systematic
breeding efforts, import and evaluation of many exotic varieties was going on at the College Farm at
Saidapet and at the Agricultural Research Station, Palur, in Tamil Nadu wherefrom several varieties were
supplied to Mysore (Seshadri, 1962). Later, groundnut improvement work was initiated in the Punjab,
Bombay, Madhya Pradesh, and other states also. A short review of the work done in these states is given
below.
Madras: The concerted efforts of crop improvement began with the establishment of a Research Station at
Palakuppam, South Arcot district in 1926 exclusively for groundnut. Subsequently, in 1930, with the
formation of a special 'Oilseeds Wing' in the State Agricultural Department, systematic breeding work on
groundnut was taken up. To begin with, a comprehensive world collection of varieties and of forms was
made and then systematic classification and detailed studies were conducted over a number of years.
By mass selection, two improved varieties 'TMV-1' (A.H. 25) and TMV-2 (A.H.-32) were released by the
state in 1940s. The former is a spreading variety, isolated from an African variety, 'Saloum'. Similarly,
'TMV-2', a bunch variety, was evolved from the 'local' (North Arcot) bunch variety. These varieties have
been very popular and were cultivated on a large-scale for several decades. 'TMV-2' is still popular among
groundnut farmers in Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. A good number of high-yielding
varieties were developed through pure line selection also. The varieties, 'TMV-3' (A.H. 698) and 'TMV-4'
(A.H. 334) are the outstanding examples of success in this line. Hybridisation work was initiated during
1937 with the objective of developing bunch type varieties with dormant seeds.
Mysore: The Department of Agriculture in Mysore was the first in India to start intensive work on the
groundnut crop. From 1913 onwards, the breeding work was undertaken at the Agricultural Farm, Hebbal
(Bangalore). The initial experiments were limited to evaluation of exotic varieties. In 1918, an improved
strain 'H.G.1' was isolated from a natural cross of a spreading variety, 'Big Japan'. Subsequently, another
strain 'H.G. 3', with small-size pods was also released. Through hybridisation between promising parents
and on the subsequent selection, the Department accumulated a wealth of material which required
intensive study and critical investigation. Therefore, an intensive breeding scheme for groundnut was
taken up in this state from 1944 to 1952 with the object of replacing the commercial varieties then in
cultivation with the improved varieties.
From the progenies of crosses between 'Valencia' and 'Tennessee White', three hybrid strains 'G-0342', 'G-
0341', and 'G-0268' with bolder kernels than those of 'Local Spanish' were evolved. These varieties were
good for direct consumption. By selection in short-duration bunch varieties and progenies, two selections
from 'Small Japan' and 'G-0416', and a hybrid between 'Spanish' and 'Small Japan' were developed. Among
the late maturing bunch types, two hybrids from 'Tennessee White' and 'Valencia' and 'Tennessee White'
and 'G-0620' were developed. Through hybridisation, two other genotypes 'H.G. 5' (Mysore local ×
Spanish) and H.G. 6 (Virginia × Small Japan) were also developed. Both these genotypes possessed a good
canopy growth and hence were also found suitable for forage purpose(Seshadri, 1962).
Punjab: The improvement of groundnut crop in this state was taken up initially at Ludhiana and a few
improved varieties were developed for irrigated conditions. Since the crop in east Punjab was grown
mostly under rain-fed conditions, in 1945, the research activities were shifted to Samrala, considered to be
the heart of the groundnut cultivation in the state. The work comprised acclimatisation of exotic varieties
and selection of varieties suitable for cultivation. For this, a large number of genotypes were collected
from different locations and their suitability was evaluated for east Punjab conditions. As a result, from

16
'Samrala Local', a spreading variety 'Punjab Groundnut No. 1' was developed, which is still popular in the
traditional rain-fed areas of Punjab and Rajasthan.
Madhya Pradesh: Research work on groundnut was initiated at the Government Experimental Farm,
Akola (now in Maharashtra state). In the beginning, the work was confined to varietal trials and selections
for developing improved varieties. The varieties like 'A.K. 12-24', 'Improved Spanish', and 'Improved
Small Japan' developed by selection, were recommended for general cultivation and the large-seeded
varieties, 'A.K. 10' and 'A.K. 8-11', were recommended for table purpose.
Uttar Pradesh: The work on groundnut improvement began in 1932 at the Government Research Farm,
Kanpur. Initially pure line selections were made from a large collection comprising genotypes gathered
from different parts of Uttar Pradesh, Baroda in Gujarat, Assam, Poona (in Maharashtra), Madras,
Hyderabad, Bengal and Nagpur. As a result, some high yielding varieties, viz., Types 18, 23, 24 and 25
were released for different regions of the state. As none of the cultures possessed all the desirable
attributes, hybridisation between the selected types were attempted in 1950 to develop superior genotypes.
Bombay: The work began at the Cotton Breeding Section at the Government Farm, Dharwad (now in
Karnataka) and three improved strains, viz., 'Pondicherry No. 1', 'Spanish Peanut No. 5' and 'Spanish
Improved' were developed by selection. The work on the spreading types was initiated at the Government
Farm, Kopergaon and two varieties, 'Kopergaon No. 1' and Kopergaon No. 3' were developed.
Subsequently, the work on the crop was conducted on a small scale at the Government Farm, Jalgaon (in
black cotton soils). At this centre, selection was attempted from the local bunch varieties. A similar work
was pursued at the Agricultural Research Station, Karad (north Satara), and three promising selections
(Dombri No. 1, Karad 4-11 and Karad 5-8) in the spreading group and three (G-791, ECR-583 and
Padegaon No. 2) in the erect group were developed.
ICRISAT, Patancheru: Until 1976, the Indian researchers had access to only about 6,000 germplasm
accessions, predominantly indigenous with a narrow range of genetic variability. With the establishment
of ICRISAT in 1976 at Patancheru in Andhra Pradesh, the groundnut improvement programme received a
fresh impetus for groundnut research in India.
Global collection of about 15,000 germplasm and its systematic evaluation at ICRISAT, led to
identification of several sources of resistance to both biotic and abiotic stresses. During 1980's, ICRISAT
allowed access to Indian groundnut researchers to even exotic germplasm collected from different centres
of diversity, particularly from South America, the primary centre of diversity. This led to a significant
improvement in development of high-yielding stress-tolerant varieties. The supply of various sources of
resistance, segregating and advanced breeding material helped greatly in reorienting the breeding
programmes of the National Agricultural Research Systems (NARS) in the desired direction.
During 1980 to 1995, the Indian programme spearheaded by AICRP-Groundnut and its network of centres
situated at strategic locations, received more than 38,362 genotypes comprising germplasm accessions
and breeding material (Singh and Nigam, 1996). This led to enhanced use of exotic germplasm in the
national programme resulting in development of a number of varieties, such as JL-24, GG-2, Kadiri-3, M-
13 and J -11 with tolerance to various stresses.
This collaboration for genetic enhancement led to further release of 20 improved varieties either directly
by ICRISAT (ICGSs' 1, 5, 11, 37, 44, 76, ICGVs' 86325, 86590, ICGV-91114) or through SAU's (BSR 1,
ALR 1, ALR 2, VRI 1, RG 141, SG 88, SG 99, Pratap Mungphali-1, Pratap Mungphali-2, Avtar, ICGV-
00348, ICGV-00350, R-2001-2, R-2001-3, Mallika and VL Mungphali-1). Several other promising
genotypes selected from the basic material supplied by ICRISAT, are in the pipeline in various states and
AICRP-Groundnut varietal evaluation programmes.

17
Bhaba Atomic Research Centre , Trombay: Bhaba Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Trombay,
initiated a mutation-breeding project as early as in 1957 and became the pioneering institution in mutation-
breeding research on groundnut in the country. The BARC has the credit of developing a number of
promising semi-dwarf mutants with compact branching and large seeds. As many as 14 groundnut
varieties popularly referred to as 'Trombay Groundnuts (TG)' have been developed either through
mutation and selection or use of mutants in hybridisation followed by selection. Two varieties, 'TG-1' and
'TG-3' were developed by BARC by irradiating the kernels of 'Spanish Improved' with X-rays (75 Kr). The
seeds of variety 'TG-1' were large (85 g/100 seed) while those of 'TG-3' were medium bold (50 g/100 seed).
In addition, two early-maturing mutant genotypes (TGE-1 and TGE-2), and one water use and partitioning
efficient variety, TAG- 24, have also been developed. Subsequently, the BARC also evolved a novel
breeding technique of using irradiation followed by recombination and thus developed about 10 more
varieties.
All India Coordinated Research Project on Groundnut (AICRP-G): With the establishment of the All
India Coordinated Research Project on Oilseeds (AICORPO) by the ICAR in 1967, the systematic work
on groundnut breeding was given yet another impetus. Subsequently, in 1992, the groundnut component
was delineated from AICORPO and given an independent status by formation of 'All India Coordinated
Research Project on Groundnut' (AICRP-G). Since then many niche-specific, stress-tolerant and high-
yielding varieties developed by various SAUs' and other ICAR institutions have been released (Table 11).
By 2012, 194 varieties (108 Spanish bunch; 5 Valencia; 50 Virginia bunch and 31 Virginia runner) have
been released.
A comprehensive list of varieties released by various institutions is provided in Table 11.

18
 Table 11. An institution-wise account of release of varieties
S. Institution Number of varieties released Total
No.
Spanish bunch Valencia Virginia runner Virginia bunch

1 Achraya K-134, Kadiri-4, Kadiri-5, - Kadiri-71-1 Kadiri-2, Kadiri-3, 23

N.G. Ranga Kadiri-6, Kadiri Harithandra, Kadiri-7, Kadiri-8
Agricultural Kadiri-9, Tirupati-2, Tirupati-3,
University, Tirupati-4, JCG-88, Prasana,
Hyderabad Abhaya, Kalahasti, Narayani,
Greeshma,
2 Bhabha Atomic TG-3, TG-17, TG-22, - Somnath TG-1 11
Research Centre, TAG-24, TG-26, TG-37A,
Mumbai TG-38B, TG-51, TPG-41
3 Birsa Agricultural - - - BAU-13, BG-1, 4
University, Kanke BG-2, BG-3
4 Chaudhary Charan MH-1 MH-2, - - 3
Singh Haryana MH-4
Agricultural
University,
Hissar
5 Azad University of - - CSMG-84-1, CSMG-884, 11
Agriculture & CSMG-9510, T-64, Kaushal
Technology, Chandra, Chitra, MA-16
Kanpur T-28, Faizpur-1-5,
Divya
(CSMG-2003-19)
6 Directorate of Mankya (DRG-12) - - DRG-17 2
Oilseeds Research,
Hyderabad
7 Dr. Balasaheb TKG-19A (TG-19A) - - Konkan Gaurav 2
Sawant Konkan
Krishi Vidyapeeth,
Dapoli
8 Junagadh J-11, GAUG-1, GG-2, GG-3, - GAUG-10, GG-20, GG-21, 20
Agricultural GG-5, GG-6, GG-7, GG-8, GG-11, GG-12, GJG-22 (JSSP 36)
University, GJG-31 (J-71), GJG-9 (J-69) GG-14, GG-16,
Junagadh GJG-HPS-1
(JSP-HPS-44),
GJG-17 (JSP-48)
9 Indian Agricultural RSHY-1 - - - 1
Research Institute
Regional Station,
Hyderabad
10 International ICGS-1, ICGS-11, ICGS-37, - - ICGS-5, ICGS-76, 10
Research Institute ICGS-44, ICGV-86590, ICGS-86325
for Semi-Arid ICG (FDRS)-10, ICGV-91114
Tropics, Patancheru
11 Jawaharlal Nehru Jyoti, JGN-2, JGN-3, JGN-23 Ganga - - 5
Krishi puri
Viswavidyalaya,
Jabalpur
12 Kerala Agricultural - - - Sneha, Snigdha 2
University, Thrissur

19
 Table 11. An institution-wise account of release of varieties (contd.)

S. Institution Varieties released Total

No.
Spanish bunch Valencia Virginia runner Virginia bunch
13 Marathwada LGN-1, TLG-45 - - LGN-2 3
Agricultural
University, Parbhani
14 Maharana Pratap Pratap Mungphalli-1, - - - 3
University of Pratap Mungphalli-2,
Agriculture & Pratap Raj Mungphali
Technology,
Udaipur
15 Mahatma Phule SB XI, JL-24, JL-220, JL-286, Koperg- Karad-4-1 Kopergoan-1, B-95 9
Krishi Vidyapeeth, JL-501 aon-3
Rahuri
16 Directorate of
Groundnut Girnar-1, Girnar-3 - - Girnar-2 3
Research, Junagadh
( formerly known as
National Research
Centre for Groundnut)
17 Odisha University Kisan, Jawan, Smruti (OG-52-1) - - - 3
of Agriculture &
Technology,
Bhubaneswar
18 Dr. Panjabrao AK-12-24, AK-159 - UF-70-103 AK-265, AK-303 5
Deshmukh Krishi
Vidyapeeth, Akola
19 Punjab Agricultural SG-84, SG-99 - Punjab-1, M-13, c-501, M-145, 11
University, M-37, M-335, M-522, M-197
Ludhiana M-548
20 Rajsthan Agricultural RG-141 - RS-1, RG-382, RSB-87, RSB-138, 12
University, Bikaner Raj Mungfali-1 HNG-10, TG-39,
(RG-510) HNG-69, HNG-123,
ICHG-00440,
Raj Durga (RG-425)
21 Tamil Nadu Pollachi-1, Pollachi-2,ALR-2, TMV-11 TMV-1, TMV-3, TMV-6, TMV-8, 33
Agricultural CO-1, CO-2, CO-3, Co (Gn)-4, TMV-4 TMV-10, ALR-1,
University, TMV-2, TMV-5, TMV-7, ICGV-00348,
Coimbatore TMV-9, TMV-12, TMV (Gn)-13, VRI (Gn)-7,
VRI-1, VRI-2, VRI-3, VRI-4, Co (Gn)-5, Co-6
ALR-3, VRI (Gn)-5, VRI (Gn)-6,
BSR-1
22 University of Spanish Improved, Dh-3-30, - DSG-1, S-230 TGLPS-3 16
Agricultural Dh-8, Dh-86, GPBD-4, Dh-101,
Sciences, Dharwad Mutant-III, KRG-1, S-206,
GPBD-5, R-9251, R-8808,
R-2001-3, R-2001-2
23 Vivekananda VL-Moongphali-1 - - - 1
Parvatiya Krishi
Anusandhan Shala,
Almora
Total 107 5 31 50 193
Note: For the variety, 'Kuber' (Notification number, S.O. 13 dated 19-12-78) the details of sponsoring agency and state for
which recommended is not known. Including Kuber the total number of varieties released in India is 194

20
 5. Notification and National Identity Numbers
The Central Sub-committee on Crop Standards, Notification and Release of Varieties in Agricultural
Crops (CSCCSN&RVAC) constituted under the Seeds Act, 1966, has played a crucial role in regulating
the release of varieties of various crops developed in public domain and thereby affording a recognition to
the role of quality in seed production to increase crop productivity.
The purpose of release of varieties is to introduce the newly evolved varieties to the public for general
cultivation in the region for which it is suitable. It enables the farmers to choose the cultivars that are
suitable for cultivation in their region. In other words, the release of cultivars is also a sort of
recommendation to the farmers for adoption of the released varieties.
The actual practice of official release of cultivars started in October 1964 with the formation of the Central
Variety Release Committee (CVRC) at the central level and State Variety Release Committee (SVRC) at
the State level. The Central Variety Release Committee functioned only up to 1969 when its functions were
taken over by the Central Seeds Committee (CSC) established under the Seeds Act, 1966. The Central
Seeds Committee constituted a Central Sub-Committee on Crop Standards, Variety Release and
Notification on Agricultural Crops (CSCCSN&RVAC) to discharge the functions of release and
notification, provisional notification and de-notification of varieties at central level, while State Seed Sub-
Committee (SSSC) were assigned with similar functions for release at the state level. Hence, the varieties
released before 1964 by different states could not be assigned notification numbers unless the proposals
were submitted for notification to CSCCSN&RVAC. This is why for all the varieties released prior to
1964, the year of release by the state government and the year of notification by CSCCSN&RVAC, are
different.
So far, 194 groundnut varieties 108 Spanish bunch, 5 Valencia, 50 Virginia bunch and 31 Virginia runner
have been released by different institutions (SAUs, BARC, ICAR institutes and ICRISAT). The habit
group-wise details of the varieties released along with the notification number are provided in Table 12. Of
these, varieties released centrally and notified by the Central Sub-Committee on Crop Standards, Variety
Release and Notification on Agricultural Crops were 53 while those of the state releases were 141.
However, varieties which were already released by the states but yet not been notified due to non-
submission of notification proposal or due to other deficiencies are 21 in number (Table 12).
For a centrally released variety, the year of release and notification would remain the same as the proposals
of the varieties identified in the respective workshops, is submitted to the Central Sub-Committee for
notification through the Crop Coordinator who ensures timely submission of the proposals. Conversely,
for a state released variety, the year of release and notification would differ as it depends on the time of
submission of the notification proposal by the respective State Departments of Agriculture.
Some of the old state and obsolete varieties having certain deficiencies have already been proposed by the
authorities concerned for denotification (Table 12). Thus, four varieties, Punjab No.-1, Kopergaon-1, Co-
1, and Pollachi-2 have been denotified.
Looking to the importance of conserving the national wealth of released varieties, NBPGR has played a
key role and collected the seed pods of all the released varieties from the respective breeders/institutes and
assigning them “National Identity Numbers (ICs')” and then conserve these under long term cold storage
facility available at the National Gene Bank, NBPGR, New Delhi for use in future. The IC numbers as
assigned by NBPGR are provided in Table 12.

21
 Table 12. List of groundnut varieties released in India and their national identity
and notification number
a. Habit group: Spanish bunch

22
Table 12. List of groundnut varieties released in India and their national identity and notification number (contd.)

23
Table 12. List of groundnut varieties released in India and their national identity and notification number (contd.)

24
Table 12. List of groundnut varieties released in India and their national identity and notification number (contd.)

25
Table 12. List of groundnut varieties released in India and their national identity and notification number (contd.)

26
Table 12. List of groundnut varieties released in India and their national identity and notification number (contd.)
d. Habit group: Virginia runner

27
 6. Groundnut Breeding and Varietal Development in India
The area under groundnut in India was only 0.23 million ha during the period 1900-01 to 1909-10, which
expanded to 7.5 million ha by the turn of century. The decennial annual compound growth rate during
different periods depicts that the growth in area (17.2%) was the major factor for increase in groundnut
production during 1951-1960. After 1970's, the growth in productivity (2.5% during 1971-80; 8.2%
during 1981-90; 6.64% during1991-2000 and 2.80% during 2001-10) contributed more to increase of
groundnut production than the increase in area.
The increase in production and productivity even under the rain-fed cultivation can easily be attributed to
the release of niche-specific groundnut varieties and associated improved production technologies
developed through All India Coordinated Research Project on Oilseeds. Prior to 1970, only 25 groundnut
varieties (9 Spanish bunch, 7 Virginia bunch, 8 Virginia runner, and 1 Valencia) were released. Post 1970,
as many as 169 varieties have been released. Thus making a total of 194 varieties released so far. The new
generation improved varieties were bred essentially for high yield and built-in resistance/tolerance to
various biotic and abiotic stresses.
Agro-climatic zones
In order to derive maximum benefit from the climatic conditions in various groundnut growing areas, it
was considered necessary to characterise these areas according to various agro-climatic zones. The
analysis of rainfall-probability and water-balance during the growing seasons formed the basis of this
characterization. In addition, parameters like photo-thermal units, heat units, sunshine hours, potential
evapo-transpiration, length of rainy season, crop-growth period and biomass production were also be
taken into account for identification and evaluation of agro-climatic zones. Accordingly, the groundnut
growing areas in India have been characterised into five specific agro-climatic zones as described earlier in
chapter 1 (Table 5a, b). Accordingly, the initial evaluation of the promising breeding material is done in all
the five zones to identify the specific zone(s) for which a genotype (s) can be recommended/released.
Groundnut varietal development scenario in India
th
Although, groundnut was introduced into India in the 16 century, a systematic attempt for its
improvement was made only in 20thcentury. During the last century, as many as 124 varieties (64 Spanish
bunch, 5 Valencia, 33 Virginia bunch, and 22 Virginia runner) were released and notified. (Table 12). The
actual number of varieties released may be a little more than 124 due to the release of varieties by certain
states which have not yet proposed for notification. Except for “Spanish Improved” the information about
the cultivars recommended for cultivation during the first three decades (till 1930's) of the past century is
not documented properly.
Breeding methods adopted
Since groundnut is not native to India, the breeding efforts were initiated by introducing the varieties
popular in other countries. Purposeful introduction of improved groundnut varieties in India was made by
the then Madras State Government towards the end of nineteenth century. In 1884, the 'Mauritius' variety
was introduced to Pondicherry and Madras from Mauritius; 'Spanish' and 'Virginia' from the United States
of America and 'Small Japan' and 'Large Japan' from Japan in 1901-02. Three of these varieties gradually
spread over the various parts of the country with variant names, viz., 'Peanuts', 'Spanish Peanuts' (variants
of Spanish); 'Coromandal', 'Mauritius', 'Mozambique' (variants of 'Mauritius'); and 'Bold' (variant of Big
Japan) and thus formed the basis of groundnut improvement programmes and research in India (Seshadri,
1962).
All the established methods for self-pollinated crops were employed for breeding new groundnut varieties
(Table 13). A brief review of the various breeding methods employed for developing new groundnut is
provided below.

28
 Table 13. Breeding methods employed for developing groundnut varieties in India
S.No Breeding method No. of varieties developed

1 Introduction 3

2 Mass selection 29

3 Pureline selection 23

4 Pedigree 97

5 Bulk-pedigree 20

6 Modified bulk-pedigree 14

7 Single seed descent 1

8 Mutation 7

Total 194

Introduction of exotic varieties

A large number of basic genetic stocks have been introduced from different countries for breeding superior
varieties for various Indian conditions. A few of these introductions by themselves proved good in some
areas. Between 1947 and 1976, from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, China, Israel, Malawi, Sudan, Tanzania,
USA, USSR, Zambia, etc., the introduction of a total of 2,246 genetic stocks of improved varieties,
segregating populations and wild species of Arachis was channelized into India through the National
Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi (Rao and Sadasivan, 1989). A collection of 18 Arachis
species has also been obtained from these countries. In the early part of the last century (1904-1910), two
varieties, 'Big Japan' and 'Spanish' were introduced. These varieties were very popular with the farmers
for about two decades.
Some of the direct introductions released as varieties in India are Ah-32, Ah-334 (in Gujarat), 'Big Japan'
and 'Early Runner' (in Bihar) and UF-70-103 (in Maharashtra). Although, the introduced genotypes,
'Asiriya Mwitunde' from Tanzania, 'Acholi White' from Uganda and 'Shulamit' from Israel were not
released as varieties, they have been used as parents in hybridisation programme.
Selection
The groundnut genetic stocks being maintained in the national collection have already been evaluated for
making selections for direct commercial cultivation. Selection as a method has extensively been utilised in
the early years of groundnut breeding work. In Tamil Nadu, all the commercial varieties right from
'TMV 1' to 'TMV 8' and 'Pollachi 1' were the result of planned and purposeful selections.
Likewise, in Maharashtra commercial varieties 'Faizpur-1-5', 'Kopergaon-1' and 'Kopergaon-3', 'Spanish
Improved', 'AK-12-24', 'Karad-4-11'; and in Punjab, 'Punjab-1' and 'M-13' are some of the noteworthy
selections. A selection from 'Samrala Local', ('Punjab Groundnut-1') became quite popular in Punjab,
Rajasthan and Gujarat and was one of the dominant varieties in these states during 1960s.
In Punjab, the variety 'M-13', was selected from 'NC-13' an accession from the USA. 'M-13', a Virginia
runner variety, was released in 1972 for cultivation in all the groundnut zones of India. 'M-13' has bold
seeds and was used for export for a long time. In Uttar Pradesh 'Type-64', a popular bold seeded, semi-
spreading variety, was selected from the Chinese variety, 'Ta-Lin-Chin' (EC-16128) in 1964 and remained
popular with the farmers for quite some time. Other useful selections in Uttar Pradesh were 'T-99', 'T-1'
and 'T-28'.

29
In Rajasthan 'RS-87' has been developed from a genetic stock obtained from Brazil. In Maharashtra, 'JL-
24' (Phule Pragati), a pure line selection from the exotic germplasm 'EC-94943' has been released for
commercial cultivation. It became a national variety due to its wide adaptability and superior yields and is
still popular among the farmers of the southern states of the country. In Tamil Nadu, 'TMV-10' a semi-
spreading variety has been selected from a spontaneous mutant plant of an Argentinean variety. Likewise,
in Haryana, the commercial variety, 'MH-1' has been developed from 'Dwarf Mutant'. The number of
varieties released so far through selections is 52 (29 mass selections and 23 pure line selections).
Hybridisation
The recombination breeding did not gain much attention in groundnut till 1960s'. The first cross-derivative
'c-501', developed by PAU, Ludhiana, was released in 1961. Compared to other field crops, hybridisation
is rather difficult in groundnut due to cleistogamous nature of its flowers and poor rate of success.
Notwithstanding these limitations, hybridisation has been successfully employed to recombine desirable
characters occurring in various genotypes and in this way so far a total of 114 commercial varieties have
been developed. Among the early maturing Spanish bunch types 'Junagadh-11', 'GAUG-1', and 'TMV-9'
are some of the products of planned hybridisation programmes. The variety 'Junagadh-11' was released in
1965 for commercial cultivation in Gujarat.
In Virginia runner types 'GAUG-10' and 'M-145' have been developed through hybridisation. The former
was popular in Gujarat while the latter was released as a commercial variety for Punjab and Haryana. For
rain-fed areas of Punjab, 'M-37' was released in 1980. A large number of varieties have been developed
through hybridisation in the recent years following either the pedigree method or its modifications
(pedigree method-97; bulk pedigree-20; modified bulk pedigree-14; single seed descent-1; Table 13)
Mutation breeding
Mutation breeding has frequently been used for creating additional genetic variability in groundnut and to
induce expression of one or more desirable characters without practically disturbing the agronomic
attributes of the base material. Considerable success has been achieved through this method at the North
Carolina (USA) and in India at Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Bombay by using X-rays and
g-rays.
During 1957-58, a mutation-breeding project was initiated at BARC, Trombay. 'Spanish Improved', a
popular variety at that time, was used as the base material. Since then a number of promising Trombay
groundnut (TG) varieties have been developed through mutation, selection and further hybridisation. The
variety, 'TG-1', developed by treating the seeds of 'Spanish Improved' with 75 Kr X-rays, has bold-seeds
(85g/100 seeds); the variety, 'TG-3' has medium-bold seeds (50g/100 seeds) and a few other varieties,
'TG-1', 'TG-3' 'TG-17', 'Somnath' and 'TPG-41' also have bold seeds (>50g 100 seeds) and are suitable for
production of export grade groundnuts.
At the Rajendra Agricultural University, Ranchi, two selections ('BG-1' and 'BG-2') have been developed
through mutation breeding using X-rays. These selections were once quite popular in Chota Nagpur
plateau of Bihar. A few other varieties, TMV-10 (natural mutant), CO-2 (EMS) from Tamil Nadu, and MH-
2 (γ-ray) from Haryana, have also been bred in India using mutations followed by selection.
Interspecific hybridisation
The wild species of groundnut offer a vast reservoir of valuable genes that are not available in the
cultivated species. Though, as early as in 1950, the development of first successful interspecific hybrid
was reported (Krapovickas and Rigoni, 1951), it was only during 1966 that the utilisation of wild species
on a large scale for groundnut improvement was suggested (Abdou, 1966). In India, utilisation of wild
species was confined mainly to cytogenetic studies till the end of 20th century. The beginning of the new
millennium marked the release of first groundnut variety, 'GPBD-4' of interspecific origin {KRG-1 ×
A.cardinasii (ICGV-86855)}. In the USA, two varieties namely, 'Span Cross' (A. hypogaea × A. monticla)
and 'Tamnut' (Spantex × Arachis sp.) have been released so far.
30
The immediate use of crosses with wild species is restricted due to a high degree of sterility encountered in
the progenies of interspecific crosses with the compatible wild species of section Arachis; cross-
incompatibility between cultivated and the wild species of sections other than Arachis; very low seed set in
F1s coupled with high frequency of aneuploid individuals in the subsequent segregating generations and
the consequent time lag in developing varieties with acceptable pod and seed characters. Nevertheless,
many interspecific hybrid derivatives developed by ICRISAT and the national system (NARS and DGR)
have been found to be quite useful as sources of resistance/tolerance to many important pests and diseases
of groundnut.
Breeding emphasis and accomplishments
A) Yield improvement
Like in any other crop, enhancement of yield is the primary objective of groundnut breeding. However, it
appears that yield improvement in most groundnut growing states in India was brought about through a
progressive improvement in pod size of the new varieties (Reddy, 1988) and number of pods, pod and seed
size (Rathnakumar et al. 2010). For example the pod weight increased from 68g in PG-1 (1953) to 100g in
c-501 (1961), to 120g in M-13 (1972), and to 119g in M-37 (1982) in Punjab; from 76g in RS-1 (1953) to
103g in RSB-87 (1961) in Rajasthan; from 80g in T-28 (1960) to 118g in Chandra (1977) in Uttar Pradesh;
from 72g in AK-12-24 (1940) to 75g in SB-XI (1965), 119g in JL-24 (1978) 120g in TG-17 (1982) and
127g in UF-70-103 (1984) in Maharashtra; from 52g in Kadiri-71-1 (1971) to 91g in Kadiri-2 (1978) and
Kadiri-3 in Andhra Pradesh; from 77g in s 206 (1969) to 88g in Dh-3-30 (1975) in Karnataka and from 76g
in TMV-2 (1940) to 91g in TMV-7 (1967) and 92g in TMV-9 (1970) in Tamil Nadu (Reddy, 1988).
Over the years, the yield improvement in groundnut has also been achieved through progressive increase
in seed size. For example, during 1940-50, the varieties had small seeds in the range of 29.4g/100 seeds
(AK-12-24) to 36.6g/100 seeds (TMV 3 and TMV 4). Whereas after four decades, the average seed size of
the varieties were medium (44.8 g/100 seeds) with a range of 27g/100 seeds (Pragathi) to 90 g/100 seeds
(B-95). During the previous decade (2001-10), the average seed size of the varieties remained medium
(47.9 g/100 seeds).
B) Situation/location specific varieties
In the past, breeding of new varieties in India was exercised mainly for kharif situations. For rabi-summer
season, the farmers adopted certain varieties from amongst the varieties developed for cultivation in
kharif. Subsequently, breeding programmes aimed at developing varieties specifically for rabi-summer
season was taken up in 1990s and as a result several Spanish type of varieties have been released
exclusively for cultivation in Rabi-summer. The important ones are GG-2, TG-17, UF-70-103, Dh-40,
ICGS-11, ICGS-44, RSHY-1, OG 52-1, TAG-24, TG-26, TG-38B, BSR-1, Dh-86, Dh-101, R-8808, TG-
37A and TG-51. Among Virginia varieties, 'Karad-4-1' (spreading type) and Kadiri-3 (semi-spreading
type) are noteworthy. A Comprehensive list of latest improved varieties suitable for different states and
niches are provided in the Annexure IIIa and IIIb.
C) Stress tolerance
a) Biotic stress tolerance
Among the biotic stresses, the foliar fungal diseases (early leaf spot, late leaf spot, rust, Alternaria), viral
diseases (peanut bud necrosis disease, PBND; peanut stem necrosis disease, PSND) soil borne diseases
(stem rot, collar rot and pod rot complexes), and the insect pests like defoliators (Spodoptera, Helicoverpa,
red hairy caterpillar and leaf miner) and sucking pests (jassids, aphids, and thrips) are the major ones that
limit groundnut productivity. In addition, the pre- and post-harvest invasion by the fungi of Aspergillus
group, which produce aflatoxins, lower the quality of produce which is regarded as the major hurdle in
enhancing export of processed groundnut from India.

31
Since inception of the AICORPO in 1967-68, a total of 169 varieties have been developed and released till
2013 (up to July 2013) for cultivation. Of these varieties, several are endowed with resistance/tolerance to
major insect pests and diseases while some are endowed high water-use-efficiency or high partitioning
efficiency. Some varieties are suitable for acid soils. A list of groundnut varieties possessing one or more
desirable traits recommended for different states is given in Annexure IV.
b. Abiotic stress tolerance
i) Drought
Drought is the major yield limiting factor in groundnut as 80% of the crop is grown as rainfed in kharif
season. Breeding for drought tolerance is most challenging, as the stage of occurrence of drought in the
life cycle of the crop; its intensity and duration are unpredictable. However, based on stage of occurrence,
the drought pattern can be grouped in to: early, mid and end-of-season or terminal drought although these
patterns overlap and confound the breeding strategies.
For many years, pod yield was the sole criterion to select a drought tolerant genotype. However, through
the collaborative research project of ICAR-ICRISAT-ACIAR, on breeding for improved water use
efficiency in groundnut which was in operation for over a decade in India, three physiological traits, viz.,
specific leaf area (SLA, which is indicative of leaf thickness) and SPAD Chlorophyll Meter Reading
(SCMR, which measures the chlorophyll concentration) have been found to be associated with water use
13
efficiency while Carbon Isotope Discrimination (Δ C, an indirect measure of transpiration efficiency)
have been identified as surrogate traits and suggestive of the utility of these traits in screening and selection
of drought tolerant genotypes in breeding programme.
However, drought tolerance per se is not an independent trait but is a manifestation of interplay of several
anatomical, morphological, physiological and biochemical factors with the environment. Hence, more
traits which can possibly capture the true tolerance need to be identified for increasing the efficiency of
selection in the breeding programme. Some of the drought tolerant varieties released in India are: Kadiri-3,
K-134, ICGS-1 (ICGV-87119), ICGS-5 (ICGV-87121), ICGS-37 (ICGV-87187) and ICGS-76 (ICGV-
87141), ICGV-86031 and TAG-24, though these were not exclusively bred for drought tolerance but were
found to possess tolerance also. Recently few improved and drought tolerant varieties have also been
developed based on targeted breeding approach and released for cultivation in different states. These
include: ICGV-91114, Kadiri-7, Abhaya, Prasuna (for Andhra Pradesh), Co (Gn)-6, TMV-13 and VRI
(Gn)-7 (for Tamil Nadu), and ICGV-91114 and R-2001-3 (for Karnataka).
ii) High temperature
Groundnut yields are frequently affected by heat and water deficit stress. Considerable research has been
conducted on drought tolerance in groundnut, but there has been little research on the effect of high
temperature per se.
The optimum temperature for groundnut is between 25 and 30°C for growth processes and 28 to 33°C for
developmental processes (flowering and maturity). However, the ‘base temperature (To)’ has been
precisely determined only for a few aspects of growth and development. Daily and mean diurnal
temperatures warmer than 30°C are frequently experienced in semi-arid tropical environments.
Continuous exposure to supra-optimal temperature has been reported to reduce apparent photosynthesis;
vegetative growth and leaf area; partitioning of dry matter between roots and shoots and between
vegetative and reproductive structures (Nigam et al. 1994), and water use efficiency (Craufurd et al.
1999). Reproductive processes in groundnut are also sensitive to temperature; high temperature increases
flower production but reduces pollen viability and number of fruits, and fruit-set. The critical day
temperature for reproductive processes is about 36°C. However, reported temperature optima for different
growth stages in the literature are based mainly on controlled conditions. While under field conditions,
light, photoperiod and temperature interact with each other and confound screening of genotypes for heat

32
tolerance. A few heat tolerant genotypes of groundnut have been reported which include ICGS-44, ICGS-
76, ICGV-86031, K-134, K-1240, Kadiri-3, JL-24, TG- 22 and CSMG-84-1. A few donors (796, 55-437,
ICG-1236, ICGV-86021, ICGV-87281, and ICGV-92121, TNAU-325, ICG-1236, ICG-3793 and Chico)
have also been identified for tolerance to heat.
iii) Acid soils
Groundnut is grown on acid soils in about 18 million ha around the world with productivity of about 500
kg/ha. Acid soils are deficient mainly in calcium and magnesium which leads to poor pod filling
(occurrence of 'pops' or empty pods) and low yields. In addition, these soils cause toxicity of A1, Fe, and
Mn and are deficient of P, K, B and Mo.
Extensive screening of genotypes in acid soils (sandy loam; pH 4.5-6.0) over years has been carried out in
eastern and north-eastern parts of India by the Directorate of Groundnut Research, Junagadh. The
varieties found promising in different north-eastern states are: ICGS-76, ICGS-11, ICGS-86590, ICGS-
44, RSHY-1, Girnar-1, GG-2, BAU-13, TKG-19A, OG-52-1, and DRG-12. A few varieties have also been
released for eastern and north-eastern states. These include: TG-38B, Dh-101, TG-51, R-2001-3, and
GPBD-5. Certain germplasm accessions (NRCG-7599, 1038, 3498 and FeESG-8) have also been
identified for tolerance of Al toxicity in these regions.
Excellent screening work done in the copper belt of Zambia which has resulted in release of the pop-
tolerant line 'TMV 1, as 'Copper Belt Runner'. This variety was in fact developed and released by the state
of Tamil Nadu in 1940. However, breeding for tolerance of acid soil is very complex, as the soil acidity
may be associated with deficiency or toxicity of various nutrients depending on location. Identification of
parents which can tolerate higher levels of acidity is required to be intensified especially in the problem
areas for use as donors in breeding programme.
 7. Habit group-wise details of varieties released
A detailed habit group-wise list of varieties of regional and multi-regional importance along with pedigree,
breeding method employed, area of adoption, recommended season, yields, oil content days to maturity,
distinguishing and special features if any are given below.

A. Habit group: Spanish Bunch

1. Spanish Improved
Year of release 1905
Notification number Released by Government of ex-Bombay state later
notified vide S.O. 371(E) dated 29.05.1982
Developed by UAS, Dharwad
Pedigree Selection from 'Spanish Peanut'
Breeding method Mass selection
Area of adoption Tract of Bombay and Karnataka
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,400
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,608
Oil content (%) 44.0
Days to maturity 106
Distinct morphological feature Kernels small, round; salmon testa
Special feature Tolerant of ELS; drought tolerant

2. AK-12-24
Year of release 1940
Notification number Released by Government of ex-Bombay state later
notified vide S.O. 361(E) dated 30.06.1973 and
S.O. 786 02.02.1976
Developed by PKV, Akola
Pedigree Selection from 'local'
Breeding method Mass selection
Area of adoption Vidharbha region of Maharashtra, Orissa, Madhya
Pradesh and Rajasthan
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,250
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 938
Oil content (%) 49.0
Days to maturity 104
Distinct morphological feature Kernels small with rose colour testa
Special feature Wider adaptability; suitable for medium to heavy soils

34
 3. TMV-2 (A.H.-32)
Year of release 1940
Notification number Released by Government of ex-Madras state
subsequently notified vide S. O. 786 dated 02.02.1976
Developed by TNAU, Tindivanam
Pedigree Selection from "Gudhiyatham bunch"
Breeding method Mass selection
Area of adoption Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka
Recommended production system Kharif and rabi summer
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,025 (kharif)
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 786 (kharif)
Oil content (%) 49.0
Days to maturity 106
Distinct morphological feature Kernels small with salmon colour testa
Special feature Widely adapted

4. TMV-5
Year of release 1950
Notification number Released by Government of ex-Madras state but
withdrawn subsequently
Developed by TNAU, Tindivanam
Pedigree Native Tanganiyaka x Gudhiyatham bunch
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Tamil Nadu
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,250
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 933
Oil content (%) 51.0
Days to maturity 110
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets light green, large, oblong; 2-1 seeded; rose testa
Special feature Possesses fresh seed dormancy

5. J-11 (Junagadh-11)
Year of release 1964
Notification number Originally released from Junagadh but subsequently
released and notified by Jalgaon under Government of
ex-Maharashtra state vide S.O. 4045 dated 24.09.1969
Developed by JAU, Junagadh
Pedigree Ah-4218 x Ah-4354
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Gujarat
Recommended production system Kharif and summer
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,300 (kharif)
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 975 (kharif)
Oil content (%) 49.0
Days to maturity 104
Distinct morphological feature Pods small, thin shelled; kernels medium in size with
salmon colour testa
Special feature Tolerant of collar rot and Aspergillus flavus seed
colonization

35
 -
Year of release 1965
Notification number Originally released from Junagadh but subsequently
released and notified by Jalgaon under Government of
ex-Maharashtra state vide S.O. 4045 dated 24.9.1969
Developed by MPKV, Jalgaon
Pedigree Ah-4213 x Ah-4354
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Maharashtra
Recommended production system Kharif and summer
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,300 (kharif)
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 975 (kharif)
Oil content (%) 49.0
Days to maturity 104
Distinct morphological feature Kernels medium in size with light pink testa
Special feature Tolerant of collar rot and Aspergillus flavus seed
colonization

Year of release 1967

Notification number Released by Government of ex-Madras state and
notified later vide S.O. 440(E) dated 21.08.1975 and
S.O. 540(E) dated 24.07.1985
Developed by TNAU, Tindivanam
Pedigree Selection from 'Tenesse white'
Breeding method Pure line selection
Area of adoption Tamil Nadu
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,400
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,053
Oil content (%) 50.0
Days to maturity 108
Distinct morphological feature Pods medium bold with prominent beak; salmon testa
Special feature High shelling (75%); drought tolerant

Year of release 1968

Notification number Released by Government of ex-Madras state and
notified later vide S.O. 440 dated 21.08.1975 and
S.O. 786 dated 02.02.1976
Developed by TNAU, Aliyarnagar
Pedigree Selection from 'Malaysian bunch variety'
Breeding method Pure line selection
Area of adoption Pollachi tract of Tamil Nadu
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,450
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,111
Oil content (%) 48.0
Days to maturity 107
Distinct morphological feature Pods bold; kernels with light rose testa
Special feature High shelling (74%); seeds HPS grade, suitable for
export

36
 9. S-206 (Selection-206)
Year of release 1969
Notification number S.O. 19(E) dated 14.01.1982
Developed by UAS, Raichur
Pedigree Selection from 'Manvi local'
Breeding method Pure line selection
Area of adoption Northern Karnataka
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,900
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,387
Oil content (%) 50.0
Days to maturity 105
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets dark green, elliptical; pods reticulated with
slight beak and constriction
Special feature High shelling (73%)

10. TMV-9
Year of release 1970
Notification number Released by Tamil Nadu state
Developed by TNAU, Tindivanam
Pedigree Ah-3490 x Ah-477
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Tamil Nadu
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,000
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,512
Oil content (%) 51.0
Days to maturity 105
Distinct morphological feature Pods medium sized; rose testa
Special feature Possesses fresh seed dormancy (up to 15 days)

11. Jyoti (KG-61-240)

Year of release 1971
Notification number S.O. 786 dated 02.02.1976
Developed by JNKVV, Khargone
Pedigree Selection from 'Exotic-7'
Breeding method Mass selection
Area of adoption Madhya Pradesh
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,600
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,245
Oil content (%) 53.0
Days to maturity 110
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets large, oblong, light green
Special feature High shelling (78%), protein (21%) and oil (53%)
contents; responsive to higher doses of fertilisers

37
 12. Kuber
Year of release 1972
Notification number S.O. 13 dated 19.12.1978
Developed by -
Pedigree Selection from introduced culture 'ECO-1704'
Breeding method Introduction
Area of adoption Bihar
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,000-1,400
Kernel yield (kg/ha) -
Oil content (%) -
Days to maturity 80-90
Distinct morphological feature Possesses field tolerance to collar rot and LLS
Special feature

13. GAUG -1 (J-113)

Year of release 1973
Notification number S.O. 499(E) dated 08.07.1983
Developed by JAU, Junagadh
Pedigree AK-10 x AK-12-24
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Gujarat
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,500
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,140
Oil content (%) 50.0
Days to maturity 95 -105
Distinct morphological feature Pods small, thin shelled with prominent beak
Special feature Early maturity

14. Pollachi-2
Year of release 1973
Notification number Notified vide S.O. 13 dated 19.12.1978 and
denotified vide S.O. 424 dated 08.06.1999
Developed by TNAU, Aliyarnagar
Pedigree Pollachi Red x Ah-2105
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Coimbatore, Salem and Trichy districts of Tamil Nadu
Recommended production system Kharif and rabi
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,500 (kharif); 2700 (rabi)
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,179 (kharif); 2122 (rabi)
Oil content (%) 49.0
Days to maturity 105
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets large, elliptic, green
Special feature High shelling (76%)

38
 15. Dh-3-30
Year of release 1975
Notification number S.O. 19(E) dated 14.01.1982
Developed by UAS, Dharwad
Pedigree Spanish Improved x US-4
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Northern Karnataka
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,800
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 2,173
Oil content (%) 47.0
Days to maturity 107
Distinct morphological feature Pods with prominent beak and constriction
Special feature Drought tolerant

16. MH-1 (Moongphali Haryana No. 1)

Year of release 1975
Notification number Haryana State release
Developed by HAU, Hissar
Pedigree Selection from 'Faizpur 1-5'
Breeding method Selection
Area of adoption Haryana
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,000
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,400
Oil content (%) 50.0
Days to maturity 104
Distinct morphological feature Light green leaflets; pods small; light rose testa
Special feature Dwarf plant type

17. Phule pragati (JL-24)

Year of release 1978
Notification number S.O. 596(E) dated 13.08.1984
Developed by MPKV, Jalgaon
Pedigree Selection from 'EC-94943'
Breeding method Mass selection
Area of adoption Maharashtra and Gujarat but adapted to entire country
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,800
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,350
Oil content (%) 51.0
Days to maturity 95 -106
Distinct morphological feature Large, green leaflets; smooth pods; light rose testa
Special feature Early maturity; wider adaptability

39
 18. TMV-12
Year of release 1978
Notification number S.O. 19(E) dated 14.01.1982
Developed by TNAU, Tindivanam
Pedigree Selection from 'Ugandan culture'
Breeding method Pure line selection
Area of adoption Tamil Nadu
Recommended production system Kharif and rabi
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,250 (kharif); 2,100 (rabi)
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 900 (kharif); 1,512 (rabi)
Oil content (%) 51.0
Days to maturity 105
Distinct morphological feature Pods medium to bold with shallow constriction
Special feature Tolerant of rust and LLS

19. Co-1
Year of release 1979
Notification number Notified vide S.O. 19(E) dated 14.01.1982 and
denotified vide S.O. 424 dated 08.06.1999
Developed by TNAU, Coimbatore
Pedigree Ah-6279 x TMV-3
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Tamil Nadu
Recommended production system Kharif and rabi
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,300 (kharif); 2,100 (rabi)
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 962 (kharif); 1,554 (rabi)
Oil content (%) 50.0
Days to maturity 103
Distinct morphological feature Pods medium bold; salmon testa
Special feature High harvest index; possesses fresh seed dormancy
(up to 15 days)

20. Kisan
Year of release 1980
Notification number S.O. 832(E) dated 18.11.1985
Developed by OUA&T, Chiplima
Pedigree Spanish Improved x B-31
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Orissa
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,600
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,133
Oil content (%) 50.0
Days to maturity 105
Distinct morphological feature Small pods with prominent reticulation
Special feature Tolerant of LLS

40
 21. KRG-1
Year of release 1981
Notification number S. O. 499(E) dated 08.07.1983
Developed by UAS, Raichur
Pedigree Selection from 'Argentina variety'
Breeding method Mass selection
Area of adoption Raichur, Bellary and Gulbarga districts of Karnataka
Recommended production system Kharif and rabi-summer
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,200 (kharif); 2,230 (rabi-summer)
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 876 (kharif); 1,701 (rabi-summer)
Oil content (%) 49.0
Days to maturity 105
Distinct morphological feature -
Special feature Suitable for rabi-summer season also

22. TG-17
Year of release 1982
Notification number S.O. 832(E) dated 18.11.1985
Developed by BARC, Trombay
Pedigree Dark green mutant x TG-1
Breeding method Mutation
Area of adoption Maharashtra
Recommended production system Kharif and summer
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,132 (kharif): 2,000 (summer)
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 781 (kharif): 1,380 (summer)
Oil content (%) 49.0
Days to maturity 120-125
Distinct morphological feature Compact dwarf plant; bold pods; kernels HPS grade
(60-70 g/100 kernel)
Special feature Possesses fresh seed dormancy (up to 30 days)

23. GG-2 (Gujarat Groundnut-2)

Year of release 1983
Notification number S.O. 295(E) dated 09.04.1985
Developed by JAU, Junagadh
Pedigree J-11 x EC-16659
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Gujarat
Recommended production system Kharif and summer
Pod yield (kg/ha) 3,100 (summer)
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 2,186 (summer)
Oil content (%) 49.0
Days to maturity 105
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets green; pods medium sized; rose testa
Special feature Water use efficient

41
 24. Jawan (OG-71-3)
Year of release 1983
Notification number S.O. 867(E) dated 26.11.1986
Developed by OUA&T, Chiplima
Pedigree J-11 x Asiriya Mwitunde
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Orissa
Recommended production system Kharif and rabi
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,230 (kharif); 2,000 (rabi)
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 815 (kharif); 1,326 (rabi)
Oil content (%) 48.0
Days to maturity 91-110
Distinct morphological feature Pods elongated with prominent beak; rose testa
Special feature Early maturity

25. Co-2
Year of release 1983
Notification number S.O. 258(E) dated 14.05.1986
Developed by TNAU, Coimbatore
Pedigree EMS mutant of variety 'Pollachi-1'
Breeding method Mutation
Area of adoption Tamil Nadu
Recommended production system Kharif and rabi
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,650 (kharif); 2,700 (rabi)
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,271(kharif); 2,079 (rabi)
Oil content (%) 51.0
Days to maturity 105 -110
Distinct morphological feature Medium bold pods, 2-1 seeded; rose testa
Special feature Tolerant of ELS, LLS and rust

26. Jawahar Moongphali-2 (JGN-2)

Year of release 1983
Notification number S.O. 499(E) dated 08.07.1983
Developed by JNKVV, Khargone
Pedigree Selection from 'Exotic-1'
Breeding method Mass selection
Area of adoption Madhya Pradesh
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,600
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,200
Oil content (%) 52.0
Days to maturity 115
Distinct morphological feature Rose testa
Special feature Drought tolerant

42
 27. Dh-8
Year of release 1984
Notification number State release
Developed by UAS, Dharwad
Pedigree Selection from 'RS-144'
Breeding method Pure line selection
Area of adoption Transitional tract of northern Karnataka
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 3,200
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 2,294
Oil content (%) 46.0
Days to maturity 105
Distinct morphological feature Compact plant; kernel round shaped at one end and
sharply pointed towards the other
Special feature Tolerant of LLS; possesses fresh seed dormancy

28. TG-3
Year of release 1985
Notification number S.O. 165(E) dated 06.03.1987
Developed by BARC, Trombay
Pedigree g-ray mutant of the variety 'Spanish Improved'
Breeding method Mutation
Area of adoption Originally for Kerala; became popular in Maharashtra,
Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka
Recommended production system Kharif and rabi-summer
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,200 (kharif)
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 816 (kharif)
Oil content (%) 48.0-52.0
Days to maturity 110-115
Distinct morphological feature Pods medium sized, reticulated, constricted
Special feature Tolerant of ELS and pod borer

29. ICGS-11 (ICGV-87122)

Year of release 1986
Notification number S.O. 867(E) dated 26.11.1986
Developed by ICRISAT, Hyderabad
Pedigree Selection from 'Robut-33-1'
Breeding method Pure line selection
Area of adoption Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh,
Karnataka
Recommended production system Rabi-summer
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,000
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,400
Oil content (%) 49.0
Days to maturity 120
Distinct morphological feature Compact plant type; leaflets dark green, elliptic,
medium; pods smooth without beak
Special feature Tolerant of PBND and end-of-season drought; photo-
period insensitive

43
 30. SG-84 (Spring Groundnut-84)
Year of release 1986
Notification number S.O. 165(E) dated 06.03.1987
Developed by PAU, Ludhiana
Pedigree Selection from 'ICGS-1 (ICGV 87119)'
Breeding method Pure line selection
Area of adoption Punjab
Recommended production system Spring season
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,062
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,320
Oil content (%) 50.0
Days to maturity 104
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets medium, dark green elliptic; pods smooth;
kernels with tan colour testa
Special feature Tolenant of LLS and rust

31. VRI-1
Year of release 1986
Notification number S.O. 10(E) dated 01.01.1988
Developed by TNAU, Vriddhachalam
Pedigree TMV-7 x FSB-7-2
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Tamil Nadu
Recommended production system Kharif and rabi-summer
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,590 (kharif); 1,877 (rabi summer)
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,177 (kharif); 1,389 (rabi summer)
Oil content (%) 48.0
Days to maturity 105
Distinct morphological feature Pods medium bold, constricted, reticulated with
prominent beak; rose testa
Special feature Possesses fresh seed dormancy (up to 7 days);
tolerant of ELS, LLS and rust

32. Girnar-1 (CGC-4018)

Year of release 1988
Notification number S.O. 471(E) dated 05.05.1988
Developed by NRCG, Junagadh
Pedigree X-14-4-B-19-B x NCAC-17090
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption All India
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,000
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,418
Oil content (%) 49.0
Days to maturity 100-105
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets dark green, obovate, waxy; pods reticulated,
constricted, beaked
Special feature Early maturity; multiple diseases (ELS, LLS, rust,
collar rot, Aspergillus flavus) resistant; possesses
high peg strength

44
 33. ICGS-44 (ICGV-87128)
Year of release 1988
Notification number S.O. 471(E) dated 05.05.1988
Developed by ICRISAT, Hyderabad
Pedigree Robut-33-1-1-5-B1-B1-B1-B1-B1 (Selection from
natural hybrid population of Robut 33-1)
Breeding method Selection
Area of adoption Gujarat; became popular in Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka,
Orissa and Tamil Nadu
Recommended production system Rabi-summer
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,500
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,750
Oil content (%) 49.0
Days to maturity 107
Distinct morphological feature Pods smooth, small to medium, with slight to moderate
constriction; kernels bold with tan testa
Special feature Tolerant of ELS; field tolerant of PBND and mid-
season drought; possesses high seed protein (25%) content

34. VRI-2
Year of release 1989
Notification number S.O. 915(E) dated 06.11.1989
Developed by TNAU, Vriddhachalam
Pedigree JL-24 x CO-2
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Tamil Nadu
Recommended production system Kharif and rabi
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,500 (kharif); 2,000 (rabi)
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,110 (kharif); 1,480 (rabi)
Oil content (%) 48.0
Days to maturity 105
Distinct morphological feature Bold reticulated pods with prominent beak; rose testa
Special feature Tolerant of ELS, LLS and rust

35. RG-141
Year of release 1989
Notification number S.O. 527(E) dated 16.08.1991
Developed by RAU, Durgapura
Pedigree Robut-33-1 x NCAC-2821
Breeding method Bulk pedigree method
Area of adoption Black soil areas of Rajasthan
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,100
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,512
Oil content (%) 50.8
Days to maturity 105
Distinct morphological feature Medium sized pods, shallow constriction; pink testa
Special feature Tolerant of LLS and PBND

45
 36. ICGS-1 (ICGV-87119)
Year of release 1990
Notification number S.O. 386(E) dated. 15.05.1990
Developed by ICRISAT, Hyderabad
Pedigree Selection from 'Robut-33-1'
Breeding method Selection
Area of adoption Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan
Recommended production system Kharif and spring
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,300 (kharif )
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,610 (kharif )
Oil content (%) 51.0
Days to maturity 105 -112
Distinct morphological feature Small to medium, dark green, elliptic leaflets; tan testa
Special feature Tolerant of mid-season drought, leaf spots and PBND

37. ICG (FDRS)-10 (ICGV-87160)

Year of release 1990
Notification number S.O. 386(E) dated 15.05.1990
Developed by ICRISAT, Hyderabad
Pedigree Ah-65 x NCAc-17090
Breeding method Bulk pedigree method
Area of adoption Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, southern
Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,200
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,475
Oil content (%) 47.8
Days to maturity 115
Distinct morphological feature 2- seeded stubby pods with prominent reticulation;
kernels bold with tan colour testa
Special feature Resistant to rust, LLS and PBND; adapted to low input
rainfed cultivation

38. VRI-3 (VG-55)

Year of release 1990
Notification number S.O. 793(E) dated 22.11.1991
Developed by TNAU, Vriddhachalam
Pedigree J-11 x Robut-33-1
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Tamil Nadu
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,668
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,251
Oil content (%) 49.0
Days to maturity 90 -95
Distinct morphological feature Small pods with little or no beak, 3 seeded; light rose testa
Special feature Early maturity; suitable for delayed south-west
monsoon; tolerant of ELS, LLS, rust; suitable as an
intercrop with sugarcane and tapioca

46
 39. ICGS-37 (ICGV-87187)
Year of release 1990
Notification number S.O. 639(E) dated 17.08.1990
Developed by ICRISAT, Hyderabad
Pedigree Robut-33-1-1-1-B1-B1-B1-B1-B1 (Selection from
natural hybrid population of Robut-33-1)
Breeding method Selection
Area of adoption Gujarat, northern Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh
Recommended production system Summer
Pod yield (kg/ha) 3,000
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 2,100
Oil content (%) 48.0
Days to maturity 110 -120
Distinct morphological feature Medium sized pods; tan testa
Special feature Tolerant of end-of-season drought; photo-period
insensitive; tolerant of LLS, rust and PBND

40. Pragathi (RSHY-1)

Year of release 1991
Notification number S.O. 793(E) dated. 22.11.1991
Developed by IARI, Hyderabad
Pedigree Selection from 'Spanish Mutant-1'
Breeding method Selection
Area of adoption Orissa and coastal Andhra Pradesh
Recommended production system Rabi
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,480
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,810
Oil content (%) 50.0
Days to maturity 110-120
Distinct morphological feature Very small seeded (27 g/100 kernel) with rose colour
testa
Special feature Tolerant of LLS, rust, PBND; suitable for rabi residual
moisture situation

41. TAG - 24
Year of release 1991
Notification number S.O. 814(E) dated 04.11.1992
Developed by BARC, Trombay
Pedigree Selection from TGS-2 (TG-18A x M 13) x TGE-1 (Tall
mutant x TG-9)
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Maharashtra
Recommended production system Kharif and summer
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,683 (kharif ); 2,493 (summer)
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,178 (kharif ); 1,745 (summer)
Oil content (%) 51.0
Days to maturity 102
Distinct morphological feature Semi-dwarf plant type; pods medium sized, slightly
reticulated, with moderate beak, occasionally 3 seeded;
light rose testa
Special feature Early maturity; high harvest index (50-55%)

47
 42. Tirupati-2
Year of release 1991
Notification number S.O. 527(E) dated 16.08.1991
Developed by APAU, Tirupati
Pedigree GAUG-1 x NCAC FLA-14
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Andhra Pradesh
Recommended production system Kharif and rabi
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,100 (kharif); 3,500 (rabi)
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,617 (kharif); 2,695(rabi)
Oil content (%) 49.0
Days to maturity 105-115
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets large, light green; pods medium sized;
spheroidal kernels; salmon testa
Special feature Possesses high peg strength; tolerant of nematode
incidence ('kalahasti' malady)

43. ICGV-86590 (ICGS-86)

Year of release 1991
Notification number S.O.793(E) dated 22.11.1991
Developed by ICRISAT, Hyderabad
Pedigree (X14-4-B-19-B x P1-259747) -F2-B2-B1-B1-B1-B1-B2
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, southern
Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,785
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,107
Oil content (%) 48.0
Days to maturity 108
Distinct morphological feature Pods with prominent reticulation and beak, occasionally
3 seeded
Special feature Multiple diseases (rust, LLS, PBND, stem and pod rots
and insect pest (Spodoptera litura) resistant

44. TG-22
Year of release 1992
Notification number S.O. 636(E) dated 02.09.1994
Developed by BARC, Trombay
Pedigree Robut-33-1 x TG-17
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Bihar
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,677
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,207
Oil content (%) 49.0
Days to maturity 115-120
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets dark green, large; kernels cylindrical with rose
testa
Special feature Suitable for kharif rainfed condition

48
 45. Tirupati-3 (TCG-1518)
Year of release 1993
Notification number S.O. 615(E) dated 17.08.1993
Developed by APAU, Tirupati
Pedigree Selection form 'TMV-10'
Breeding method Pure line selection
Area of adoption Andhra Pradesh; recommended for endemic areas of
kalahasthi malady
Recommended production system Kharif and rabi-summer
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,200 (kharif); 3,500 (rabi-summer)
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,672 (kharif); 2,660 (rabi-summer)
Oil content (%) 53.0
Days to maturity 110-115
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets dark green; kernels cylindrical with dark red
testa
Special feature Resistant to ‘kalahasti’ malady; possesses fresh seed
dormancy

46. JCG-88 (Jagtial-88)

Year of release 1993
Notification number S.O. 401(E) dated 15.05.1998
Developed by APAU, Jagtial
Pedigree J-11 x TG (E)-1
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Andhra Pradesh
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,396
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,033
Oil content (%) 48.0
Days to maturity 105-110
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets light green, medium, oblong; pod constriction
and reticulation moderate; rose testa
Special feature Tolerant of Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger and
PBND

47. GG-3 (Gujarat Groundnut-3)

Year of release 1994
Notification number S.O. 408(E) dated 04.05.1995
Developed by GAU, Junagadh
Pedigree GAUG-1 x JL-24
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Madhya Pradesh and northern Maharashtra
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,283
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 881
Oil content (%) 51.0
Days to maturity 102
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets medium, oblong light green; foliage remain
green till harvest
Special feature Early maturity

49
 48. Mankya (DRG-12)
Year of release 1994
Notification number S.O. 408(E) dated 04.05.1995
Developed by DOR, Hyderabad
Pedigree R-33-1 - MP-1 x TAP-5
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and
Maharashtra
Recommended production system Rabi-summer
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,604
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,797
Oil content (%) 47.0
Days to maturity 115
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets medium, oblong, light green
Special feature High yielding, tolerant of rust, LLS and PBND

49. ALR-2 (ALG - 56)

Year of release 1994
Notification number S.O. 360(E) dated 01.05.1997
Developed by TNAU, Aliyarnagar
Pedigree Selection from 'ICGV-86011' {(Dh-3-20 x USA-20) x
NCAc-2232}
Breeding method Pure line selection
Area of adoption Tamil Nadu
Recommended production system Kharif and rabi-summer
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,740 (kharif )
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,183 (kharif )
Oil content (%) 53.0
Days to maturity 105
Distinct morphological feature Foliage remain green till harvest
Special feature Tolerant of LLS and rust

50. BSR-1 (ICGV-86143)

Year of release 1994
Notification number S.O. 360(E) dated 01.05.1997
Developed by TNAU, Bhavanisagar
Pedigree ICGV-44 x (Robut- 33-1 x NCAc-2821)
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Tamil Nadu
Recommended production system Kharif and rabi-summer
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,845 (rabi-summer)
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,935 (rabi-summer)
Oil content (%) 50.0
Days to maturity 110
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets small, elliptic, dark green; rose testa
Special feature Tolerant of LLS, rust and PBND

50
 51. TKG-19A (TG-19A)
Year of release 1995
Notification number S.O. 1(E) dated 01.01.1996
Developed by B.S.K.K.V., Dapoli
Pedigree TG-17 x TG-1
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Konkan region of Maharashtra
Recommended production system Rabi-summer
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,260
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,424
Oil content (%) 46.0
Days to maturity 107
Distinct morphological feature Green foliage, pods large, reticulated; large seeds
Special feature Bold and attractive kernels (HPS grade); tolerant of
Aspergillus flavus seed colonisation

52. Vemana (K-134)

Year of release 1995
Notification number S.O.1(E) dated 01.01.1996
Developed by APAU, Kadiri
Pedigree Kadiri-3 x JL-24
Breeding method Modified bulk method
Area of adoption Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu
Recommended production system Kharif and rabi-summer
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,677 (kharif); 2,338 (rabi-summer)
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,191 (kharif); 1,613 (rabi-summer)
Oil content (%) 46.0
Days to maturity 106
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets dark green, medium, elongated
Special feature Tolerant of leaf spots, PBND and drought

53. Kadiri- 4 (K-150)

Year of release 1995
Notification number S.O. 662(E) dated 17.09.1997
Developed by APAU, Kadiri
Pedigree Dh-3-30 x NCAC-2230
Breeding method Modified bulk method
Area of adoption Andhra Pradesh
Recommended production system Rabi-summer
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,259
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,672
Oil content (%) 48.0
Days to maturity 110-115
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets small, light green, round
Special feature Tolerant of LLS and PBND

51
 54. Smruti (OG-52-1)
Year of release 1995
Notification number S.O. 1(E) dated 01.01.1996
Developed by OUA&T, Chiplima
Pedigree Pollachi-1 x RS-60
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Orissa
Recommended production system Kharif and rabi-summer
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,982 (kharif); 3,620 (rabi-summer )
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,387 (kharif); 2,534 (rabi-summer )
Oil content (%) 48.0
Days to maturity 110
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets light green, medium, oblong; red testa
Special feature Suitable for rain-fed, irrigated and residual moisture
situations; resistant to collar rot, stem rot, rust and leaf
spots

55. TG-26
Year of release 1995
Notification number S.O. 1(E) dated 01.01.1996
Developed by BARC, Trombay
Pedigree BARC-1 (an induced mutant of JL 24) x TG-23
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Gujarat, northern Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh
Recommended production system Kharif and rabi-summer
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,596 (kharif); 2,425 (rabi-summer)
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,037 (kharif); 1,576 (rabi-summer)
Oil content (%) 49.0
Days to maturity 105
Distinct morphological feature Compact plant type; smooth pods
Special feature Possesses fresh seed dormancy; tolerant of rust, LLS
and PBND

56. Tirupati-4 (TCGS-30)

Year of release 1995
Notification number S.O. 92(E) dated 02.02.2001
Developed by APAU, Tirupati
Pedigree JL-24 x Ah.-316/S
Breeding method Modified pedigree method
Area of adoption Andhra Pradesh
Recommended production system Kharif and rabi-summer
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,612 (kharif); 2,490 (rabi-summer)
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,389 (kharif); 1,868 (rabi-summer)
Oil content (%) 48.8
Days to maturity 100 -105
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets large, dark green, oblong
Special feature Early maturity

52
 57. VRI-4
Year of release 1996
Notification number S.O. 662(E) dated 17.09.1997
Developed by TNAU, Vriddhachalam
Pedigree VG-5 x NCAc-17090
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Tamil Nadu
Recommended production system Kharif and rabi-summer
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,660 (kharif); 2,170 (rabi-summer)
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,160 (kharif); 1,562 (rabi-summer)
Oil content (%) 47.0
Days to maturity 110
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets small, dark green
Special feature Possesses high sugar content (%)

58. GG-5 (Gujarat Groundnut-5)

Year of release 1997
Notification number S.O. 425(E) dated 08.06.1999
Developed by GAU, Junagadh
Pedigree 27-5-1 x JL-24
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Gujarat
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,270
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 936
Oil content (%) 49.0
Days to maturity 110
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets medium, light green
Special feature Drought tolerant; leaflets stay green at maturity

59. Jawahar groundnut-3 (JGN-3)

Year of release 1997
Notification number S.O. 425(E) dated 08.06.1999
Developed by JNKVV, Khargone
Pedigree Jyoti x JL-24
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Madhya Pradesh
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,526
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,099
Oil content (%) 49.6
Days to maturity 104
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets medium, green; pods moderately reticulated
and constricted; kernels oval shaped; rose testa
Special feature Tolerant of drought, sucking pests and leaf spots
(ELS, LLS)

53
 60. R-9251
Year of release 1997
Notification number S.O. 401(E) dated 15.05.1998
Developed by UAS, Raichur
Pedigree JLM-1 x TG-23
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Karnataka
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,346
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,420
Oil content (%) 49.0
Days to maturity 90-105
Distinct morphological feature Semi-dwarf plants; smooth pods
Special feature Early maturity; tolerant of PBND

61. Apoorva (R-8808)

Year of release 1997
Notification number S.O. 662(E) dated 17.09.1997
Developed by UAS, Raichur
Pedigree ICGS-11 x Chico
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu
Recommended production system Rabi-summer
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,426
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,674
Oil content (%) 48.5
Days to maturity 110
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets medium, oblong, dark green
Special feature Tolerant of LLS and PBND

62. Phule Vyas (JL-220)

Year of release 1998
Notification number S.O. 821(E) dated 13.09.2000
Developed by MPKV, Jalgaon
Pedigree JL-80 x VG-77
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Maharashtra
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,000
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,360
Oil content (%) 52.0
Days to maturity 90-95
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets dark green big, obovate; testa brick red
Special feature High oil content; early maturity

54
 63. ALR-3 (ALG-63)
Year of release 1999
Notification number S.O.821(E) dated 13.09.2000
Developed by TNAU, Aliyarnagar
Pedigree {(R-33-1 x ICG (FDRS) 68} x (NCAc-17090 x ALR-1)
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Tamil Nadu
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,939
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,338
Oil content (%) 50.0
Days to maturity 110-115
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets green, medium sized, elliptic
Special feature Suitable for early sowing in south-west monsoon;
tolerant of LLS and resistant to rust

64. Co-3 (TNAU-256)

Year of release 1999
Notification number S.O. 821(E) dated 13.09.2000
Developed by TNAU, Coimbatore
Pedigree VRI 3 x JL 24
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Tamil Nadu
Recommended production system Kharif and rabi-summer
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,750 (kharif); 2,150 (rabi-summer)
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,250 (kharif); 1,335 (rabi-summer)
Oil content (%) 49.2
Days to maturity 110 -115
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets large, oblong, dark green; kernels bold with
tan testa
Special feature Tolerant of PBND

65. VRI (Gn)-5

Year of release 2001
Notification number S.O. 1134(E) dated 15.11.2001
Developed by TNAU, Vriddhachalam
Pedigree CG 26 x ICGS 44
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Tamil Nadu
Recommended production system Kharif and rabi-summer
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,133 (kharif); 2,384 (rabi-summer)
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,578 (kharif); 1,764 (rabi-summer)
Oil content (%) 50.0
Days to maturity 105-110
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets dark green, medium, oblong; red testa
Special feature Resistant to rust and LLS

55
 66. Co (Gn)-4 (TNAU-269)
Year of release 2001
Notification number S.O. 1134(E) dated 15.11.2001
Developed by TNAU, Coimbatore
Pedigree TMV-10 x ICGS-82
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Tamil Nadu
Recommended production system Kharif and rabi-summer
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,500 (kharif); 1,950 (rabi-summer)
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,095 (Kharif); 1,161 (rabi-summer)
Oil content (%) 53.0
Days to maturity 105-110
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets dark green, large, oblong; rose testa
Special feature Resistant to rust and LLS; possesses high oil content

67. GG-7 (J-38)

Year of release 2001
Notification number S.O. 1134(E) dated 15.11.2001
Developed by GAU, Junagadh
Pedigree S-206 x FESR-8 1-1-9-B-B
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Gujarat and southern Rajasthan
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,149
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,633
Oil content (%) 49.0
Days to maturity 100
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets dark green, medium, elliptical; pink testa
Special feature Early maturity; tolerant of LLS

68. AK-159
Year of release 2002
Notification number S.O. 937(E) dated 04.09.2002
Developed by PKV, Akola
Pedigree JL-24 x CGC-4018
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,606
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,092
Oil content (%) 51.0
Days to maturity 106
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets dark green, medium, elliptic; white rose testa
Special feature Early maturity; possesses high oil content

56
 69. GG-6
Year of release 2003
Notification number S.O. 283(E) dated 12.03.2003
Developed by GAU, Junagadh
Pedigree CGC-3 x FESR-5-P6-b1-b1-1-1-1-B-B
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Gujarat
Recommended production system Rabi-summer
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,782
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 2,031
Oil content (%) 50.0
Days to maturity 100
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets yellowish green, large, oblong, elliptic; rose
testa
Special feature Early maturity; high shelling (73%)

70. TPG-41
Year of release 2004
Notification number S.O. 161(E) dated 04.02.2004
Developed by BARC, Trombay
Pedigree TG-28 A x TG-22
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption All India
Recommended production system Rabi-summer
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,088
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,441
Oil content (%) 49.0
Days to maturity 122
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets green, medium; pods 2 seeded; pink testa
Special feature Large seeds (>60 g/100 kernel); high O/L ratio (3.27), tolerant
of rust; possesses fresh seed dormancy (up to 25 days)

71. TG-37A
Year of release 2004
Notification number S.O. 161(E) dated 04.02.2004
Developed by BARC, Trombay
Pedigree TG-25 x TG-26
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Rajsthan, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Gujarat (Zone-I);
Gujarat (Zone-II); Orissa, West Bangal, Bihar and
NEH states (Zone-IV)
Recommended production system Kharif and rabi-summer
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,084 (kharif); 2,835 (rabi-summer)
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,382 (kharif); 1,903 (rabi-summer)
Oil content (%) 48.0
Days to maturity 122
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets green, medium; pods 3 seeded; rose testa
Special feature Possesses fresh seed dormancy (up to 15 days); tolerant
of collar rot, rust and LLS

57
 72. Vikas (GPBD-4)
Year of release 2004
Notification number S.O. 642(E) dated 31.05.2004
Developed by UAS, Dharwad
Pedigree KRG-1 x ICGV-86855
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu
(Zone-V); Jharkhand, W B, Orissa, and Assam (Zone-IV)
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,200
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,496
Oil content (%) 49.0
Days to maturity 107
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets dark green, medium, wide elliptic; pods 2-1
seeded; tan testa
Special feature Resistant to LLS and rust

73. Prutha (Dh-86)

Year of release 2005
Notification number S.O. 122(E) dated 02.02. 2005
Developed by UAS, Dharwad
Pedigree Dh-40 x Dh-8
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Gujarat, southern Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Orissa and
West Bengal
Recommended production system Rabi-summer
Pod yield (kg/ha) 4,022 (rabi-summer)
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 2,735 (rabi-summer)
Oil content (%) 48.0
Days to maturity 125-127
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets dark green; tan testa
Special feature Semi-dwarf; high harvest index (HI); tolerant of LLS
and sucking pests

74. Kadiri-5
Year of release 2005
Notification number S.O. 122(E) dated 02.02.2005
Developed by ANGRAU, Kadiri
Pedigree JL-24 x VG-55-7
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Aandhra Pradesh
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,200
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,540
Oil content (%) 48.0
Days to maturity 100-110
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets light green, broad; pods 1-2-3 seeded; rose
testa
Special feature Tolerant of drought and leaf spots

58
 75. Kadiri-6 (K-1240)
Year of release 2005
Notification number S.O. 122(E) dated 02.02.2005
Developed by ANGRAU, Kadiri
Pedigree JL-24 x Ah-316/S
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Andhra Pradesh
Recommended production system Rabi-summer
Pod yield (kg/ha) 3,100-3,800
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 2,100-3,500
Oil content (%) 49.0
Days to maturity 100-105
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets light green, broad; pods 2 seeded; tan testa
Special feature Tolerant of leaf spots

76. Pratap Mungphali-2 (ICUG-92195)

Year of release 2005
Notification number S.O. 1566(E) dated 05.11.2005
Developed by MPUA&T, Udaipur
Pedigree ICGV-86055 x ICG (FDRS-10)
Breeding method Bulk pedigree method
Area of adoption Rajasthan
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,800-2,800
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,242-1,932
Oil content (%) 48.0-50.0
Days to maturity 105
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets medium green; pink testa
Special feature Tolerant of ELS, LLS and PBND and tolerant of
Spodoptera litura, leaf miner and thrips

77. Pratap Mungphali-1 (ICUG-92035)

Year of release 2005
Notification number S.O.1566(E) dated 05.11.2005
Developed by MPUA&T, Udaipur
Pedigree ICGV-86033 x ICG-2214
Breeding method Bulk pedigree method
Area of adoption Rajasthan
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,500-3,000
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,550-1,860
Oil content (%) 48.0-50.0
Days to maturity 108
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets medium green; kernels with rose testa
Special feature Tolerant of ELS, LLS and PBND and resistant to
Spodoptera litura, leaf miner and thrips

59
 78. GG-8 (J-53)
Year of release 2006
Notification number S.O. 1572(E) dated 20.09.2006
Developed by JAU, Junagadh
Pedigree (27-5-1 x JL-24) 30-3-2-B-B
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Northern Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,716
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,184
Oil content (%) 46.0
Days to maturity 104-107
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets medium, green; pods 2 seeded without
constriction; rose testa
Special feature Tolerant of PBND, collar and stem rot diseases

79. TG-38B (TG-38)

Year of release 2006
Notification number S.O. 1572(E) dated 20.09.2006
Developed by BARC, Trombay
Pedigree Gamma ray induced mutant from F1 seeds of
the cross Girnar 1 x TG-26
Breeding method Mutation breeding and pedigree method
Area of adoption Orissa, West Bengal, Bihar and North Eastern states
Recommended production system Rabi-summer
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,768
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,965
Oil content (%) 48.0
Days to maturity 115-125
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets medium green; pod constriction medium;
kernels, spheroidal with pink testa
Special feature Tolerant of stem rot

80. Vasundhara (Dh-101)

Year of release 2007
Notification number S.O. 122(E) dated 06.02.2007
Developed by UAS, Dharwad
Pedigree R-9241 x Dh-51-2
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption West Bengal, Orissa, Jharkhand and Assam
Recommended production system Rabi-summer
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,877
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,928
Oil content (%) 50.0
Days to maturity 120-130
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets light green, small
Special feature Tolerant of stem rot, PBND, thrips and Spodoptera litura

60
 81. Ratneshwar (LGN-1)
Year of release 2005
Notification number S.O. 122(E) dated 06.02.2007
Developed by MAU, Latur
Pedigree JL-24 x NCAc-17090
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Maharashtra
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,487
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,026
Oil content (%) 51.2
Days to maturity 105
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets medium green, medium; pods 1-2 seeded;
kernels with rose testa
Special feature Tolerant of LLS, stem rot, rust and PBND

82. TLG-45
Year of release 2007
Notification number S.O. 122(E) dated 06.02.2007
Developed by MAU, Latur
Pedigree TG-19 x TAG-24
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Maharashtra
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,506
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 994
Oil content (%) 51.0
Days to maturity 114
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets green, oblong-elliptic; pod constriction and
reticulation medium; kernels with monochrome rose
testa
Special feature Large seeded

83. SG-99
Year of release 2007
Notification number S.O. 1178(E) dated 20.07.2007
Developed by PAU, Ludhiana
Pedigree ICGV-86829 x ICGV-87160 {ICG (FDRS)-10}
Breeding method Bulk pedigree method
Area of adoption Punjab
Recommended production system Kharif and rabi-summer
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,193 (kharif); 2,501 (rabi-summer)
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,425 (kharif); 1,626 (rabi-summer)
Oil content (%) 50.0-52.3
Days to maturity 102
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets green, medium, elliptical; pods 1-2 seeded;
kernels with rose testa
Special feature Tolerant of PBND

61
 84. Prasuna (TCGS-341)
Year of release 2007
Notification number S.O. 1178(E) dated 20.07.2007
Developed by ANGRAU, Tirupati
Pedigree TCG-1717 x TCG-1518
Breeding method Modified pedigree method
Area of adoption Andhra Pradesh
Recommended production system Kharif and rabi-summer
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,500 (kharif); 4,500 (rabi-summer)
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,900 (kharif), 3,220 (rabi-summer)
Oil content (%) 50.0
Days to maturity 110
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets dark green, medium, elliptical; pod constricti
on and reticulation slight; kernels with rose testa
Special feature Tolerant of ‘Kalahasti’ malady

85. ICGV-91114
Year of release 2007
Notification number S.O. 1178(E) dated 20.07.2007
Developed by ICRISAT, Hyderabad
Pedigree (ICGV-86055 x ICGV-86533) F2-P8-B1-B1-B1-B1
Breeding method Bulk pedigree method
Area of adoption Andhra Pradesh and Orissa
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,000
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,500
Oil content (%) 48.0
Days to maturity 90-95
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets light green, small to medium, elliptical; pod
constriction and reticulation slight; kernels with light
tan testa
Special feature Early maturity; tolerant of rust and LLS and drought

86. Phule Unap (JL-286)

Year of release 2007
Notification number S.O. 1178(E) dated 20.07.2007
Developed by MPKV, Jalgaon
Pedigree JL-86 x NCAC-343
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Maharashtra
Recommended production system Kharif and rabi-summer
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,231 (rabi-summer)
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,673 (rabi-summer)
Oil content (%) 49.0-50.0
Days to maturity 93-95
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets green, medium, elongate elliptic; pods2-3
seeded; kernels with brick red testa
Special feature Early maturity; tolerant of LLS, rust and stem rot, thrips,
leaf miner and Spodoptera litura

62
Year of release 2007
Notification number S.O. 1178(E) dated 20.07.2007
Developed by ANGRAU, Tirupati
Pedigree K-134 x TAG-24
Breeding method Single seed descent method with trait based selection
Area of adoption Andhra Pradesh
Recommended production system Kharif and rabi-summer
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,300 (kharif); 3,756 (rabi-summer)
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,748 (kharif); 2,855 (rabi-summer)
Oil content (%) 52.3
Days to maturity 106
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets dark green, narrow, elliptical; pod reticulation
shallow; kernels with rose testa
Special feature Tolerant of early and mid-season moisture stress
conditions; tolerant of LLS, sucking insects (jassids
and thrips) and Spodoptera litura

Year of release 2007

Notification number S.O. 1178(E) dated 20.07. 2007
Developed by TNAU, Coimbatore
Pedigree Selection from Pollachi red local
Breeding method Selection
Area of adoption Tamil Nadu
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,580
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,935
Oil content (%) 50.0
Days to maturity 105-110
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets dark green, medium, elliptic oblong; kernels
with red testa
Special feature Tolerant of early and mid-season moisture stress
conditions, tolerant of LLS, rust and PBND

Year of release 2007

Notification number S.O. 1703(E) dated 05.12. 2007
Developed by ANGRAU, Tirupati
Pedigree TCG-1709 x TCG-1518
Breeding method Modified pedigree method
Area of adoption Andhra Pradesh
Recommended production system Kharif and rabi-summer
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,377 (kharif); 3,764 (rabi-summer)
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 943 (kharif); 2,823 (rabi-summer)
Oil content (%) 52.3
Days to maturity 110
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets dark green, short, oval; pod constriction
shallow; kernels with red testa
Special feature Suitable for rabi situation for kalahasti malady endemic
areas and also for kharif in North coastal and north
Telengana of Andhra Pradesh; tolerant of PBND;
resistant to jassids

63
 90. Narayani (TCGS-29)
Year of release 2007
Notification number S.O. 1703(E) dated 05.12.2007
Developed by ANGRAU, Tirupati
Pedigree JL-24 x Ah-316/S
Breeding method Modified pedigree method
Area of adoption Andhra Pradesh
Recommended production system Kharif and rabi-summer
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,250 (kharif); 3,764 (rabi-summer)
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,642 (kharif); 2,861 (rabi-summer)
Oil content (%) 47.5
Days to maturity 100
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets green, large, elliptic; pod constriction and
reticulation moderate; light red testa
Special feature Tolerant of mid-season moisture stress conditions

91. VL-Moongphali-1
Year of release 2008
Notification number S.O. 211(E) dated 29.01.2010
Developed by VPKAS, Almora
Pedigree Selection from ICGV-86590 (X 14-4-B-19-8 x PI
239747)
Breeding method Pureline selection
Area of adoption Uttarakhand
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,943
Kernel yield (kg/ha) -
Oil content (%) -
Days to maturity 125-130
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets light green; pod 3-4 seeded; rose testa
Special feature Resistant to LLS and root rot diseases

92. TG-51
Year of release 2008
Notification number S.O. 2458(E) dated 16.10.2008
Developed by BARC, Trombay
Pedigree TG-26 x Chico
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption West Bengal, Orissa, Jharkhand and Assam
Recommended production system Rabi-summer
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,675
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,819
Oil content (%) 49.0
Days to maturity 124
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets green, medium in size; rose testa
Special feature Tolerant of stem rot and root rot diseases

64
 93. Ajeya (R-2001-3)
Year of release 2008
Notification number S.O. 2458(E) dated 16.10.2008
Developed by UAS, Raichur
Pedigree ICGS-11 x ICG-4728
Breeding method Bulk pedigree method
Area of adoption Southern Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh,
Tamil Nadu
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,440
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,659
Oil content (%) 46.0-48.0
Days to maturity 105-120
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets green, medium, oblong elliptic; pod
reticulation slight with 4-5 prominent ribs; salmon testa
Special feature Resistant to PBND; drought tolerant; wider
adaptability

94. VRI (Gn)-6

Year of release 2009
Notification number S.O. 449(E) dated 11.02.2009
Developed by TNAU, Vriddhachalam
Pedigree ALR-2 x VG-9513
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Southern Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh,
Tamil Nadu
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,259
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,491
Oil content (%) 47.0
Days to maturity 100-106
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets light green, medium, obovate; light rose testa
Special feature Tolerant of LLS, rust and PBND

95. Jawahar Groundnut-23 (JGN-23)

Year of release 2009
Notification number S.O. 449(E) dated 11.02.2009
Developed by JNKVV, Khargone
Pedigree JL-24 x ICG-7886
Breeding method Bulk pedigree method
Area of adoption Madhya Pradesh
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,631
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,142
Oil content (%) 49.0
Days to maturity 104
Distinct morphological feature Pod prominently reticulated; tan testa
Special feature Tolerant of ELS, LLS and drought

65
 96. Kadiri-9
Year of release 2009
Notification number S.O. 2187(E) dated 27.08.2009
Developed by ANGRAU, Kadiri
Pedigree Kadiri-4 x Vemana
Breeding method Modified pedigree method
Area of adoption Andhra Pradesh
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,500-3,000
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,750-2,100
Oil content (%) 50.0
Days to maturity 105-110
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets green, obtuse; rose testa
Special feature Tolerant of early and end-of-season drought

97. Greeshma
Year of release 2009
Notification number S.O. 2187(E) dated 27.08.2009
Developed by ANGRAU, Tirupati
Pedigree TIR-46 x JUG-37
Breeding method Modified pedigree method
Area of adoption Andhra Pradesh
Recommended production system Kharif and rabi-summer
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,000-2,500 (kharif); 4,000-4,700 (rabi-summer)
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,500-1,875 (kharif); 3,000-3,525 (rabi-summer)
Oil content (%)a 48.0-50.0
Days to maturity 95-100
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets dark green, oval; pod with shallow
constriction; rose with flesh tinge testa
Special feature Early maturity; tolerant of drought, high temperature
and aflatoxin contamination

98. Vijetha (R-2001-2)

Year of release 2010
Notification number S.O. 211(E) dated 29.01.2010
Developed by UAS, Raichur
Pedigree ICGS-11 x ICG-4728
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption West Bengal, Orissa, Jharkhand, Assam (Zone-IV);
southern Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh,
Tamil Nadu (Zone-V)
Recommended production system Kharif and rabi-summer
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,600 (kharif)
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,088 (kharif)
Oil content (%) 46.0-48.0
Days to maturity 105-120
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets medium, narrow elliptic, green; pod
constriction absent; reticulation slight with 4-5
prominent ribs; salmon testa
Special feature Resistant to PBND

66
 99. Girnar-3 (PBS-12160)
Year of release 2010
Notification number S.O. 733(E) dated 01.04.2010
Developed by DGR, Junagadh
Pedigree Girnar-1 x ICGS-11
Breeding method Bulk pedigree method
Area of adoption West Bengal, Orissa, Manipur
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,520
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,064
Oil content (%) 45.0
Days to maturity 104-111
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets small, elliptic, green; pod reticulation slight;
rose testa
Special feature Tolerant of leaf miner and thrips

100. Kadiri Haritandhra (K-1319)

Year of release 2010
Notification number S.O. 733(E) dated 01.04.2010
Developed by ANGRAU, Kadiri
Pedigree 91/57-2 x PI-476177
Breeding method Modified pedigree method
Area of adoption Karnataka and Maharashtra
Recommended production system Rabi-summer
Pod yield (kg/ha) 3,728
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 2,535
Oil content (%) 48.0
Days to maturity 122
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets medium, lanceolate, dark green; pod
constriction absent, reticulation slight; rose testa
Special feature Possesses fresh seed dormancy (upto 20 days); multiple
diseases (rust, ELS, LLS, stem rot, PBND) and insect
pests (thrips, Spodoptera litura, jassid, Helicoverpa)
resistant

101. GPBD-5
Year of release 2010
Notification number S.O. 2137(E) dated 31.08.2010
Developed by UAS, Dharwad
Pedigree TG-49 x GPBD-4
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Jharkhand and Manipur
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,470
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 997
Oil content (%) 46.0
Days to maturity 105-110
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets medium, oblong, light green; pod medium,
constriction and reticulation moderate; tan testa
Special feature Tolerant of LLS and rust

67
 102. JL-501
Year of release 2010
Notification number S.O. 211(E) dated 29.01.2010
Developed by MPKV, Jalgaon
Pedigree Selection from TAG-24
Breeding method Pureline selection
Area of adoption Gujarat and southern Rajasthan
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,661
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,105
Oil content (%) 48.0
Days to maturity 102
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets medium, oblong elliptic, green; pod medium,
sized, clustered at base, constriction and reticulation
slight; light tan testa
Special feature Early maturity

103. RARS-T-1
Year of release 2011
Notification number S.O. 283(E) dated 07.02.2011
Developed by ANGRAU, Tirupati
Pedigree TAG-24 × TG-19
Breeding method Modified pedigree method
Area of adoption Andhra Pradesh
Recommended production system Kharif and rabi-summer
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,500(kharif); 4,000 (rabi)
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,575 (kharif); 2,547 (rabi)
Oil content (%) 44.0
Days to maturity 115
Distinct morphological feature Short stature, leaflets dark, narrow; pod 2-3 seeded
Special feature Bold seeded pods

104. RARS-T-2
Year of release 2011
Notification number S.O. 283(E) dated 07.02.2011
Developed by ANGRAU, Tirupati
Pedigree Tirupati-4 × TIR-45
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Andhra Pradesh
Recommended production system Kharif and rabi-summer
Pod yield (kg/ha) 3,734 (kharif); 4,200 (rabi)
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 2,600(kharif); 3,024 (rabi)
Oil content (%) 48.0
Days to maturity 90-95
Distinct morphological feature Semi-dwarf plant; pods medium; reticulation moderate
Special feature Early maturity

68
 105. Pratap Raj Mungphali
Year of release 2011
Notification number S.O. 283(E) dated 07.02.2011
Developed by MPAU&T, Udaipur
Pedigree Selection from ICGV-98223
Breeding method Bulk pedigree method
Area of adoption Andhra Pradesh
Recommended production system Kharif and summer
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,432 (kharif); 2,280 (summer)
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 974 (kharif); 1,528 (summer)
Oil content (%) 48.0
Days to maturity 97
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets medium, medium green; constriction and
reticulation moderate; rose testa
Special feature Early maturity; tolerant of ELS, LLS, PBND, jassids,
thrips, leaf miner and Spodoptera litura

106. ICGV-00350
Year of release 2012
Notification number S.O. 456(E) dated 16.03.2012
Developed by ANGRAU, Tirupati
Pedigree ICGV-87290 × ICGV-87846
Breeding method Bulk pedigree method
Area of adoption Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh
Recommended production system Rabi-summer
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,988
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,942
Oil content (%) 50.0
Days to maturity 114
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets oblong-elliptic; constriction and reticulation
moderate; rose testa
Special feature Resistant to LLS and rust; tolerant of stem rot

107. GJG-31 (J 71)

Year of release 2012
Notification number S.O. 1708(E) dated 26.07.2012
Developed by JAU, Junagadh
Pedigree GG 5 × ICGV-90116; K-98-33-B-20-1-B-B
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Gujarat
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,631
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,174
Oil content (%) 48.0
Days to maturity 103
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets medium, Lanceolate light green; constriction
shallow and reticulation absent; rose testa
Special feature Tolerant of stem rot

69
 108. GJG-9 (J-69)
Year of release 2012
Notification number S.O. 1708(E) dated 26.07.2012
Developed by JAU, Junagadh
Pedigree GG-2 × PBS-21065; K-98-34-B-3-1-B-B
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Gujarat
Recommended production system Summer
Pod yield (kg/ha) 3,483
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 2,473
Oil content (%) 49.0
Days to maturity 117
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets medium, Lanceolate light green; constriction
and reticulation medium; rose testa
Special feature -

70
 B. Habit Group: Valencia
1. Kopergaon-3
Year of release 1933
Notification number Released by Govt. of Ex Bombay state
Developed by MPKV, Kopergaon
Pedigree Selection from local
Area of adoption Western Maharashtra
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,900
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,311
Oil content (%) 47.0
Days to maturity 90-100
Distinct morphological feature Leaves oblong, large, light green; pods 3-seeded; red
testa
Special feature Early maturity; suitable for table purpose

2. Gangapuri
Year of release 1971
Notification number Released by Madhya Pradesh state
Developed by JNKVV, Khargone
Pedigree Selection from a 'local strain'
Area of adoption Madhya Pradesh
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,000
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,194
Oil content (%) 49.5
Days to maturity 95-105
Distinct morphological feature Leaves large, oblong, light green; pods constricted,
3-4-seeded; purple testa
Special feature Early maturity; suitable for table purpose

3. TMV-11
Year of release 1977
Notification number Released by Tamil Nadu state
Developed by TNAU, Tindivanam
Pedigree Selection from a East African variety
Area of adoption Tamil Nadu
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,200
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 876
Oil content (%) 50.2
Days to maturity 105
Distinct morphological feature Leaves large, oblong, light green; pods 3-1-seeded with
purple testa
Special feature Tolerant of rust and LLS

71
 4. MH-2
Year of release 1978
Notification number S.O. 13 dated 19.12.1978
Developed by HAU, Hissar
Pedigree Selection from Gujarat dwarf mutant (GDM)
Area of adoption Haryana
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 3,000
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 2,160
Oil content (%) 49.0
Days to maturity 105-110
Distinct morphological feature Dwarf; pod 4-1-seeded with red testa
Special feature Responsive to closer spacing (15 x 15 cm)

5. MH-4
Year of release 1989
Notification number S.O. 386(E) dated 15.05.1990
Developed by HAU, Hissar
Pedigree Selection from MH-2
Area of adoption Haryana
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,200
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,222
Oil content (%) 48.5
Days to maturity 105
Distinct morphological feature Dwarf; leaves green; pod thick shelled, 3-1-seeded;
Red testa
Special feature Tolerant of LLS

72
C. Habit group: Virginia Bunch
1. Kopergaon-1

1,250

.0

3-

2. RSB-87

1,750
1,155
.0

3. TMV-6

.0

73
 4. c-501
Year of release 1961
Notification number Released by Punjab state
Developed by PAU, Ludhiana
Pedigree D-3 x Ah-477
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Punjab
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,750
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,190
Oil content (%) 48.0
Days to maturity 130
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets dark green, small, lanceolate; pod constriction
and reticulation slight; red testa
Special feature Suitable for sandy loam soils under irrigation; tolerant
of LLS and collar rot

5. T-64 (Type-64)
Year of release 1966
Notification number S.O. 13 dated 19.12.1978
Developed by CSAUA&T, Mainpuri
Pedigree Selection from a Chinese germplasm 'Ta-Lin-Chin' (EC
Breeding method Mass selection
Area of adoption Uttar Pradesh
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,100
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,470
Oil content (%) 48.0
Days to maturity 115 -120
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets green, large, oblong; pod constriction medium,
reticulation prominent; kernels elliptical with light red
testa
Special feature Tolerant of rust and LLS

6. TMV-8
Year of release 1968
Notification number Released by Tamil Nadu state
Developed by TNAU, Tindivanam
Pedigree Selection from 'Manaparai local'
Breeding method Mass selection
Area of adoption Southern and central region of Tamil Nadu
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,600
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,190
Oil content (%) 50.1
Days to maturity 120
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets green, small, lanceolate; pod mostly 3-seeded,
constriction and reticulation slight; red testa
Special feature Possesses fresh seed dormancy (up to 60 days)

74
 7. M-145
Year of release 1968
Notification number S.O. 361(E) dated 30.06.1973
Developed by PAU, Ludhiana
Pedigree A-1-1 x D-3
Breeding method Mass selection
Area of adoption Punjab
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,200
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,672
Oil content (%) 50.5
Days to maturity 125
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets green, small, oblong; pod constriction
moderate, reticulation slight; purple testa
Special feature Tolerant of rust and LLS

8. TMV-10
Year of release 1970
Notification number S.O. 786 dated 02.02.1976
Developed by TNAU, Tindivanam
Pedigree Natural mutant from an 'Argentine type'
Breeding method Natural mutation
Area of adoption Tamil Nadu and recommended for entire country
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,700
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,321
Oil content (%) 54.4
Days to maturity 120
Distinct morphological feature Kernels with variegated testa
Special feature Possesses highest oil content

9. Vikram (TG-1)
Year of release 1973
Notification number Released by Maharashtra state
Developed by BARC, Trombay
Pedigree X-ray mutant from 'Spanish improved'
Breeding method Induced mutation
Area of adoption Maharashtra
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,695
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,833
Oil content (%) 46.5
Days to maturity 120
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets dark green, small, oblong; pod constriction
and reticulation slight; kernels with variegated testa
Special feature Bold pods, kernels HPS grade (72 g/100 kernels)

75
 10. Kadiri-2 (MK-374)
Year of release 1978
Notification number S.O. 470(E) dated 19.02.1980
Developed by APAU, Kadiri
Pedigree Selection from an introduced Nigerian culture 'MK-374'
Breeding method Introduction
Area of adoption Srikakulam, Vishakhapatnam and Chittoor districts of
Andhra Pradesh
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,800
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,404
Oil content (%) 47.0
Days to maturity 115 -120
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets green, small, oblong; pod constriction and
reticulation moderate; brown testa
Special feature Bold seeded; efficient in fixing atmospheric nitrogen

11. Kadiri-3
Year of release 1978
Notification number S.O. 470(E) dated 19.02.1980
Developed by APAU, Kadiri
Pedigree Selection from 'Robut-33-1'
Breeding method Mass selection
Area of adoption Andhra Pradesh
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,100
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,575
Oil content (%) 49.0
Days to maturity 100 -110
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets dark green, small, elliptic; pod constriction
and reticulation moderate; rose testa
Special feature Early maturity; tolerant of LLS

12. BG-1 (Birsa Groundnut-1)

Year of release 1979
Notification number S.O. 499(E) dated 08.07.1983
Developed by BAU, Kanke
Pedigree X-ray mutant of '41-C'
Breeding method Induced mutation
Area of adoption Bihar
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,200
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,518
Oil content (%) 49.3
Days to maturity 120 -125
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets dark green, small, oblong; pod constriction and
reticulation slight; rose testa
Special feature Bold kernels (50 g/100 kernel)

76
 13. BG-2 (Birsa Groundnut-2)
Year of release 1979
Notification number S.O. 2(E) dated 03.01.1983
Developed by BAU, Kanke
Pedigree X-ray mutant of '41-C'
Breeding method Induced mutation
Area of adoption Bihar
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,200
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,518
Oil content (%) 49.3
Days to maturity 120 -125
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets green, large, oblong; pod constriction and
reticulation slight; kernels with rose testa
Special feature Bold kernels (51 g/100 kernels)

14. M-197
Year of release 1982
Notification number S.O. 832(E) dated 18.11.1985
Developed by PAU, Ludhiana
Pedigree c 501 x U-4-7-2
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Punjab
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,650
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,138
Oil content (%) 49.0
Days to maturity 135
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets medium, dark, oblong; pod smooth; kernels
bold with rose testa
Special feature Resistant to ELS

15. Kaushal (G-201)

Year of release 1984
Notification number S.O. 295(E) dated 09.04.1985
Developed by CSAUA&T, Mainpuri
Pedigree Selection from 'T-28'
Breeding method Mass selection
Area of adoption All India
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,700
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,207
Oil content (%) 49.0
Days to maturity 108 -112
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets large, dark, elliptic; pod smooth; variegated testa
Special feature Early maturity; resistant to ELS

77
 16. BG-3 (Birsa Groundnut-3)
Year of release 1986
Notification number S.O. 386(E) dated 15.05.1990
Developed by BAU, Kanke
Pedigree Early Runner x Asiriya Mwitunde
Breeding method Mass selection
Area of adoption Bihar
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,500
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,800
Oil content (%) 49.0
Days to maturity 115-125
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets, small, dark green, oblong; pod smooth; rose
testa
Special feature Early maturity; drought tolerant

17. MA-16
Year of release 1986
Notification number Released by Uttar Pradesh state
Developed by CSAUA&T, Mainpuri
Pedigree Selection from 'EC-16664'
Breeding method Mass selection
Area of adoption Uttar Pradesh
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,500
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,110
Oil content (%) 46.0
Days to maturity 120-125
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets, small, dark green; pod moderately constricted
and reticulated; kernels large with rose testa
Special feature Tolerant of ELS and LLS; bold seeded

18. ALR-1 (AFDRS-20)

Year of release 1987
Notification number S.O 915(E) dated 06.11.1989
Developed by TNAU, Aliyarnagar
Pedigree Pollachi-2 x PPG-4
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Pollachi tract of Tamil Nadu
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,840
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,288
Oil content (%) 49.0
Days to maturity 125
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets small, dark green, oblong; pod smooth with
shallow constriction; kernels small with tan testa
Special feature Resistant to rust and LLS; suitable for rust endemic
areas (Pollachi tract)

78
 19. ICGS-76 (ICGV-87141)

- X

1,300

20. RS-138

Released by Rajasthan State

2,100
1,512

21. Konkan Gaurav

Year of release 1990
Notification number S.O 615(E) dated 17.08.1993
Developed by BSKKV, Dapoli
Pedigree Selection from ICGS-1
Breeding method Pureline selection
Area of adoption Konkan region of Maharashtra
Recommended production system Kharif and rabi
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,800-2,000 (kharif)
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,386-1,540 (kharif)
Oil content (%) 49.0
Days to maturity 105-110
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets dark green, obovate to lanceolate; pods,
medium, reticulation shallow; whitish red testa
Special feature High shelling percentage (75-77%); possesses fresh
Seed dormancy (up to 30 days)

79
 22. GG-20 (Gujarat Groundnut-20)
Year of release 1992
Notification number S.O. 814(E) dated 04.11.1992
Developed by GAU, Junagadh
Pedigree GAUG-10 x R-33-1
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Gujarat
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,960
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,439
Oil content (%) 50.7
Days to maturity 109
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets dark green, medium, oblong; pod constriction
and reticulation slight; kernels large with rose testa
Special feature Early maturity

23. ICGS-5 (ICGV-87121)

Year of release 1992
Notification number S.O. 615(E) dated 17.8.1993
Developed by ICRISAT, Hyderabad
(Robut-33-1 x NCAc-316) F2
Breeding method Bulk pedigree method
Area of adoption Uttar Pradesh
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,385
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,622
Oil content (%) 50.9
Days to maturity 110-120
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets dark green, small, elliptic; kernels medium
with tan testa
Special feature Drought tolerant; resistant to rust

24. BAU-13 (Birsa bold-1)

Year of release 1993
Notification number S.O. 636(E) dated 02.09.1994
Developed by BAU, Kanke
Pedigree BAU-6 x M-13
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Bihar
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,191
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,380
Oil content (%) 48.0
Days to maturity 125-135
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets green, small, oblong; pod reticulation
prominent; kernels bold (71g/100 kernel) with red testa
Special feature Bold seeded; tolerant of leaf spots, collar rot and PBND

80
 25. Koyana (B-95)
Year of release 1993
Notification number Released by Maharashtra State
Developed by MPKV, Rahuri
Pedigree M-13 x Shulamith
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Southern Maharashtra
Recommended production system Kharif and rabi-summer
Pod yield (kg/ha) 3,345 (rabi-summer)
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 2,275 (rabi-summer)
Oil content (%) 48.0
Days to maturity 115 -125
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets large, oblong, dark green; extra bold kernels
(90g/100 kernel) with pinkish red testa
Special feature Resistant to LLS and PBND; extra bold seeded
(90 g/100 kernels)

26. ICGV-86325
Year of release 1994
Notification number S.O. 408(E) dated 04.05.1995
Developed by ICRISAT, Hyderabad
Pedigree ICGS-20 x G-201
Breeding method Bulk pedigree method
Area of adoption Southern Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu,
Karnataka and Kerala
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,700
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,890
Oil content (%) 45.0
Days to maturity 120-125
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets dark green, medium,elliptic; pod with moderate
constriction, beak prominent; kernels small with tan testa
Special feature Tolerant of rust, LLS and PBND

27. Mukta (DRG-17)

Year of release 1994
Notification number S.O. 408(E) dated 04.05.1995
Developed by DOR, Hyderabad
Pedigree R-33-1 x TAP-5
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Rajasthan, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh and Haryana
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,100
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,365
Oil content (%) 49.0
Days to maturity 120-125
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets dark green, medium, oblong; pod smooth;
kernels medium with dark pink testa
Special feature Tolerant of moisture stress, rust, LLS and PBND

81
 28. M-522
Year of release 1995
Notification number S.O. 1(E) dated 01.01.1996
Developed by PAU, Ludhiana
Pedigree PG -1 x F334-AB-14
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Punjab
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,525
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,717
Oil content (%) 51.0
Days to maturity 110-120
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets green, small, oblong; kernels large (65g/100
kernel) with Salmon testa
Special feature Early maturity; tolerant of ELS

29. HNG-10
Year of release 1998
Notification number S.O. 425(E) dated 08.06.1999
Developed by RAU, Hanumangarh
Pedigree GG-11 x R-33-1
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Rajasthan and Haryana
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,918
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,362
Oil content (%) 51.0
Days to maturity 125-130
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets dark green, medium, oblong; kernels medium
with tan testa
Special feature High shelling per cent (71%)

30. Sneha
Year of release 1998
Notification number S.O. 937(E) dated 04.09.2002
Developed by KAU, Vellayani
Pedigree IES-883 x JL-24
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Kerela
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 3,827
Kernel yield (kg/ha) -
Oil content (%) -
Days to maturity -
Distinct morphological feature Small pods, constriction shallow
Special feature Early maturity

82
 31. Snigdha
Year of release 1998
Notification number S.O. 937(E) dated 04.09.2002
Developed by KAU, Vellayani
Pedigree Dh (E)-32 x JL-24
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Kerela
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 3,556
Kernel yield (kg/ha) -
Oil content (%) -
Days to maturity -
Distinct morphological feature Small pods, construction shallow
Special feature Early maturity

32. Prakash (CSMG-884)

Year of release 1999
Notification number S.O. 425(E) dated 08.06.1999
Developed by CSAUA&T, Mainpuri
Pedigree Kaushal x Chandra
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Uttar Pradesh, Punjab and Rajasthan
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,281
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,528
Oil content (%) 49.0
Days to maturity 115-125
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets dark green, medium, oblong; pod beak
prominent; kernels bold with light rose testa
Special feature -

33. Manjra (LGN-2)

Year of release 2000
Notification number S.O. 92(E) dated 02.02.2001
Developed by MAU, Latur
Pedigree R-33-1 x TMV-10
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Gujarat and southern Rajasthan
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,750
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,208
Oil content (%) 49.0
Days to maturity 115 -120
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets dark green, medium, oblong; rose testa
Special feature Suitable for early sown rain-fed conditions

83
 34. GG-21 (JSSP-15)
Year of release 2005
Notification number S.O. 449(E) dated 11.02.2009
Developed by JAU, Junagadh
Pedigree Somnath x NcAc-2232
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Uttar Pradesh, Punjab and northern Rajasthan
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,843
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,180
Oil content (%) 53.0
Days to maturity 123
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets dark green, medium, elliptic; pods 2-seeded,
constriction and reticulation moderate; flesh testa
Special feature Possesses high oil content

35. Co (GN)-5
Year of release 2005
Notification number S.O. 1177(E) dated 25.08.2005
Developed by TNAU, Coimbatore
Pedigree (CO-2 x ICGS-86010) x (CO-2 x VG-119 x ICGS-50)
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Tamil Nadu
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,585
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,170
Oil content (%) 53.1-53.8
Days to maturity 125
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets dark green, small to medium, obovate; pod
constriction and reticulation medium; kernels with red
testa
Special feature Tolerant of rust, PBND, leaf miner and Spodoptera
litura; possesses high oil content

36. AK-265
Year of release 2007
Notification number S.O. 1703(E) 05.10.2007
Developed by PDKV, Akola
Pedigree ICGS-11 x US-63
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Southern Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh,
Tamil Nadu
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,903
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,294
Oil content (%) 47.0
Days to maturity 120
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets dark green, medium; pod constriction slight
and reticulation moderate; pods 2-seeded; rose testa
Special feature Drought tolerant; resistant to rust and LLS

84
 37. AK-303
Year of release 2007
Notification number S.O. 449(E) dated 11.02.2009
Developed by PDKV, Akola
Pedigree (ICGV-88384 x JL-24) x (ICGV-88438 x ICG-5240)
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Maharashtra
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,100
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,512
Oil content (%) 49.0
Days to maturity 125
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets dark green, broad, elliptic; tan testa
Special feature Bold seeded (80 g/100 kernel)

38. TBG-39 (TG-39)

Year of release 2007
Notification number S.O. 2458(E) dated 16.10.2008
Developed by RAU, Bikaner
Pedigree TAG-24 x TG-19
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Rajasthan
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 3,154
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 2,050
Oil content (%) 50.0
Days to maturity 118
Distinct morphological feature Semi-dwarf with large pods
Special feature Bold seeded (66.8 g/100 kernel)

39. Girnar-2 (PBS-24030)

Year of release 2008
Notification number S.O. 72(E) dated 10.01.2008
Developed by NRCG, Junagadh
Pedigree Selection from M-13 x R-33-1
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Uttar Pradesh, Punjab and northern Rajasthan
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,907
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 2,006
Oil content (%) 51.0
Days to maturity 130
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets green, small, lanceolate; pod constriction slight
and reticulation moderate; rose testa
Special feature Tolerant of rust, LLS, PSND and sucking pests;
leaves remain green till harvest; bold seeded
(62.0 g/100 kernel)

85
 40. ICGV-00348
Year of release 2008
Notification number S.O. 2458(E) dated 16.10.2008
Developed by TNAU, Viriddhachalam
Pedigree ICGV-87290 x ICGV-87846
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Southern Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu,
Karnataka and Kerala
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,013
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,329
Oil content (%) 47.0
Days to maturity 124
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets green, medium lanceolate; pod constriction
slight and reticulation moderate; rose testa
Special feature Tolerant of leaf spots and rust

41. VRI (Gn)-7

Year of release 2008
Notification number S.O. 2187(E) dated 27.08.2009
Developed by TNAU, Viriddhachalam
Pedigree TMV-1 x JL-24
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Tamil Nadu
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,865
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,343
Oil content (%) 48.0
Days to maturity 120-125
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets dark green, ovate; pod constriction and
reticulation moderate; rose testa
Special feature Tolerant of leaf miner, LLS and rust

42. Kadiri-7
Year of release 2009
Notification number S.O. 2187(E) dated 27.08.2009
Developed by ANGRAU, Kadiri
Pedigree {ICGV-86522 x ICG ( FDRS) 10} x ICGV-91172
Breeding method Modified bulk pedigree method
Area of adoption Andhra Pradesh
Recommended production system kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,643
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,117
Oil content (%) 47
Days to maturity 120-125
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets dark green; pod constriction and reticulation
absent; pods 2-3-seeded; rose testa
Special feature Tolerant of sucking pests and LLS; bold seeded
(65-75g /100 kernel)

86
 43. Kadiri-8
Year of release 2009
Notification number S.O. 2187(E) dated 27.08.2009
Developed by ANGRAU, Kadiri
Pedigree {ICGV-86522 x ICG ( FDRS) 10} x ICGV-91172
Breeding method Modified bulk pedigree method
Area of adoption Andhra Pradesh
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,523
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,051
Oil content (%) 47.0
Days to maturity 120-125
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets dark green; pod constriction slight,
reticulation absent; pods 2-seeded; rose testa
Special feature Tolerant of sucking pests and leaf spots; bold seeded
(65-75 g /100 kernel)

44. Mallika (ICHG-00440)

Year of release 2009
Notification number S.O. 2187(E) dated 27.08.2009
Developed by RAU, Hanumangarh
Pedigree (ICGV-88386 x ASHFORD) x ICGV-95172
F2-SSD-B1-B1-B3-B1
Breeding method Modified pedigree method
Area of adoption All India
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,579
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,754
Oil content (%) 48.0
Days to maturity 125-130
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets dark green, medium, elliptic; pod constriction
and reticulation medium; pods 2-seeded; tan testa
Special feature Bold seeded (73.0 g /100 kernel); resistant to collar rot
and PBND

45. TGLPS-3 (TDG-39)

Year of release 2009
Notification number S.O. 449(E) dated 11.02.2009
Developed by UAS, Dharwad
Pedigree TAG-24 x TG-19
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Karnataka
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,500-3,000
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,750-2,100
Oil content (%) 46.0
Days to maturity 115-120
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets light green, bold kernels
Special feature Bold seeded (66.8g /100 kernel)

87
 46. HNG-69
Year of release 2010
Notification number S.O. 211(E) dated 29.01.2010
Developed by RAU, Hanumangarh
Pedigree CSMG-84-1 x PG-1
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, northern Rajasthan
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,800
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,848
Oil content (%) 50.0
Days to maturity 131
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets medium elliptic, light green; pod constriction
slight, reticulation, moderate; tan testa
Special feature Tolerant of collar rot, stem rot and ELS

47. Raj Durga (RG 425)

Year of release 2011
Notification number S.O. 283(E) dated 07.02.2011
Developed by RAU, Dugrapura
Pedigree ICG-5013 × RG-340
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Rajasthan
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,788
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,252
Oil content (%) 50.0
Days to maturity 128
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets medium, Lanceolate, green; constriction
moderate, reticulation prominent; variegated testa
Special feature -

48. HNG 123

Year of release 2011
Notification number S.O. 456(E) dated 16.03.2012
Developed by RAU, Hanumangarh
Pedigree Chandra × RSB-87
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Punjab
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,648
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,774
Oil content (%) 49.0
Days to maturity 124
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets medium, elliptic, green; constriction slight to
moderate, reticulation medium; salmon testa
Special feature Tolerant of Spodoptera litura

88
 49. CO 6
Year of release 2012
Notification number S.O. 1708(E) dated 26.07.2012
Developed by TNAU, Coimbatore
Pedigree CS-9 × ICGS-5
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Tamil Nadu
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,914
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,407
Oil content (%) 50.0
Days to maturity 125-130
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets medium, basal ovobate and upper ellipticoblong,
dark green; constriction medium, reticulation moderate;
tan testa
Special feature Resistant to LLS and rust

50. GJG-22 (JSSP-36)

Year of release 2013
Notification number S.O. 312(E)/01.02.2013
Developed by JAU, Junagadh
Pedigree JSSP -17 × GG -20
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Gujarat
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,770
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,274
Oil content (%) 51.6
Days to maturity 118
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets medium, oblong, green; pod constriction slight
and reticulation medium; rose testa
Special feature Tolerant of collar rot

89
 D. Habit Group : Virginia Runner
1. TMV-1 (A.H.-25)
Year of release 1940
Notification number Released by erstwhile Madras state
Developed by TNAU, Tindivanam
Pedigree Selection from the west African variety, 'Saloum'
Breeding method Mass selection
Area of adoption Tamil Nadu
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,450
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,066
Oil content (%) 50.0
Days to maturity 140
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets small, dark green; pods medium, thin shelled,
occasionally 3- seeded; rose testa
Special feature Drought tolerant

2. TMV-3 (A.H.-698; Coromandel)

Year of release 1943
Notification number Released by erstwhile Madras state
Developed by TNAU, Tindivanam
Pedigree Selection from the west African variety, 'Bassi'
Breeding method Pure line selection
Area of adoption Tamil Nadu
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,450
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,112
Oil content (%) 50.0
Days to maturity 140
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets small, dark green; pods medium sized, thin
shelled; kernels small to medium; rose testa
Special feature -

3. TMV-4 (A.H.-334)
Year of release 1947
Notification number Released by erstwhile Madras state
Developed by TNAU, Tindivanam
Pedigree Selection from south American variety 'North Carolina'
Breeding method Pure line selection
Area of adoption Tamil Nadu
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,450
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,095
Oil content (%) 50.0
Days to maturity 140
Distinct morphological feature Pods frequently 3-4-seeded; kernels medium bold,
elliptic with rose testa
Special feature -

90
 4. Punjab-1 (Punjab Groundnut No.-1)
Year of release 1953
Notification number S.O. 361(E) dated 30.06.1973; 786 dated 02.02.1976
Denotified S.O.14 dated 19.12.1978
Developed by PAU, Ludhiana
Pedigree Selection from 'Samrala local'
Breeding method Mass selection
Area of adoption Punjab
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,900
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,311
Oil content (%) 49.0
Days to maturity 120
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets, green, lanceolate; kernels bold with rose testa
Special feature Wider adaptability; tolerant of ELS and collar rot;
possesses high protein content (27.9%)

5. RS-1
Year of release 1953
Notification number Rajasthan state release
Developed by RAU, Durgapura
Pedigree Selection from local collection of Sawai Madhopur
Breeding method Mass selection
Area of adoption Rajasthan
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,300
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 923
Oil content (%) 45.0
Days to maturity 140-145
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets green, medium sized; kernels cylindrical,
medium bold with rose testa
Special feature Tolerant of ELS, LLS and rust

6. Karad-4-11
Year of release 1957
Notification number Released by erstwhile Bombay state and subsequently
notified vide S.O. 19(E) dated 14.01.1982
Developed by MPKV, Karad
Pedigree Selection from a local cultivar
Breeding method Mass selection
Area of adoption Satara, Sangli, Kolhapur and Pune district of Maharashtra
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,000
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 720
Oil content (%) 48.0
Days to maturity 145-150
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets green, lanceolate; pod medium to long,
1-3-seeded
Special feature Resistant to ELS; suitable for black soil areas

91
 7. T-28 (Type-28)
Year of release 1960
Notification number S.O. 13 dated 19.12.1978
Developed by CSAUA&T, Mainpuri
Pedigree Selection from Bombay collection
Breeding method Mass selection
Area of adoption Uttar Pradesh
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,900
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,406
Oil content (%) 48.0
Days to maturity 135
Distinct morphological feature Pod 3-seeded with prominent beak and reticulation;
kernels medium, spherical with light red testa
Special feature Resistant to ELS

8. S-230 (Selection-230)
Year of release 1969
Notification number Karnataka state release
Developed by UAS, Raichur
Pedigree Selection from 'Tandur local'
Breeding method Pureline selection
Area of adoption Northern Karnataka
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,280
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 896
Oil content (%) 50.0
Days to maturity 130-135
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets light green, large, oblong; pods with moderate
constriction and reticulation; rose testa
Special feature Drought tolerant

9. Kadiri-71-1
Year of release 1971
Notification number Andhra Pradesh state release
Developed by APAU, Kadiri
Pedigree Selection from 'Ah-288'
Breeding method Mass selection
Area of adoption Rayalseema region of Andhra Pradesh
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,390
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,029
Oil content (%) 47.0
Days to maturity 130
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets dark green, small, oblong; pods with slight
constriction, reticulation moderate; kernels small with
rose testa
Special feature Efficient in fixing atmospheric nitrogen

92
 10. M-13 (Moongphali No.-13)
Year of release 1972
Notification number S.O. 361(E) dated 30.06.1973
Developed by PAU, Ludhiana
Pedigree Selection from 'NC-13'
Breeding method Mass selection
Area of adoption Originally for Punjab but later adapted in the entire
country
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,750
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,870
Oil content (%) 49.0
Days to maturity 135
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets dark green, large, oblong; pod with moderate
constriction and reticulation; kernels bold (78g/100
kernels) with tan testa
Special feature Pods HPS category; tolerant of leaf spots, white grub
and aphids

11. GAUG-10 (Gujarat Agril. University Groundnut 10) (Culture No. '4-16')
Year of release 1973
Notification number S.O. 499(E) dated 08.07.1983
Developed by GAU, Junagadh
Pedigree G-221-31 x GO-343
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Gujarat
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,800
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,332
Oil content (%) 50.0
Days to maturity 110-120
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets, dark green, large, oblong; pods medium sized,
constriction slight; rose testa
Special feature Resistant to LLS and rust

12. Faizpur 1-5

Year of release 1976
Notification number S.O. 786 dated 02.02.1976
Developed by CSAUA&T, Mainpuri
Pedigree Selection from locally introduced bulk samples of
Faizpur in east Khandesh district
Breeding method Mass selection
Area of adoption Terai areas of Uttar Pradesh
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,500-2,000
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,080-1,440
Oil content (%) 48.0-52.7
Days to maturity 100-115
Distinct morphological feature -
Special feature High oil content; tolerant of aflatoxin contamination

93
 13. Chandra (Ah-114)
Year of release 1977
Notification number S.O. 13 dated 19.12.1978
Developed by CSAUA&T, Mainpuri
Pedigree Selection from 'Ah-114'
Breeding method Mass selection
Area of adoption Uttar Pradesh
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,500
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,750
Oil content (%) 47.7
Days to maturity 130
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets green, large, oblong; pods bold; rose testa
Special feature Tolerant of LLS and rust

14. M-37 (Moongphali No. 37)

Year of release 1980
Notification number S.O. 19(E) dated 14.01.1982
Developed by PAU, Ludhiana
Pedigree A-1 x C-6-4-7-2
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Punjab
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,650
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,139
Oil content (%) 50.5
Days to maturity 115-130
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets green, small, oblong; light brown testa
Special feature Tolerant of LLS and rust

15. Chitra (MA 10)

Year of release 1984
Notification number S.O. 540(E) dated 24.07.1985
Developed by CSAUA&T, Mainpuri
Pedigree Spanish 5B-1 x EC-1688
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Uttar Pradesh
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,000
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,420
Oil content (%) 49.0
Days to maturity 130
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets dark green, large, elliptic; kernels spheroidal,
testa variegated (on rose background)
Special feature Resistant to ELS and rust

94
 16. UF-70-103
Year of release 1984
Notification number S.O. 540(E) dated 24.07.1985
Developed by PDKV, Akola
Pedigree Introduction from USA
Breeding method Introduction
Area of adoption Vidharbha and western region of Maharashtra
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,000
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,426
Oil content (%) 52.0
Days to maturity 111-126
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets green, small, oblong; kernels spheroidal, small
with rose testa
Special feature High oil content; tolerant of rust and LLS

17. GG-11 (Gujarat Groundnut-11)

Year of release 1984
Notification number S.O. 10(E) dated 01.01.1988
Developed by GAU, Junagadh
Pedigree M-13 x GAUG-10
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Gujarat
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,050
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,488
Oil content (%) 48.6
Days to maturity 110-114
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets dark green, large, oblong; kernels spheroidal,
small with rose testa
Special feature Suitable for pre-monsoon sowing; resistant to rust

18. M-335
Year of release 1986
Notification number S.O. 10(E) dated 01.01.1988
Developed by PAU, Ludhiana
Pedigree M-13 x F-7
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Sandy soil areas of Punjab
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,300
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,541
Oil content (%) 49.0
Days to maturity 120-125
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets dark green, large, oblong; pod bold, reticulation
prominent, kernels bold, with light brown testa
Special feature Early maturity; tolerant of ELS and LLS

95
 19. Somnath (TGS- 1)
Year of release 1990
Notification number S.O 793(E) dated 22.11.1991
Developed by BARC, Trombay
Pedigree TG-18A x M-13
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Gujarat and Rajasthan
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,900
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,374
Oil content (%) 50.1
Days to maturity 110-125
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets dark green, medium, obovate; pod constriction
moderate, beak prominent; bold seeded (60.0 g/100
kernel) with dark rose testa
Special feature Early maturity; tolerant of ELS and LLS

20. GG-12 (Gujarat Groundnut-12)

Year of release 1992
Notification number S.O. 814(E) dated 04.11.1992
Developed by GAU, Junagadh
Pedigree Shulamith x GAUG-10
Breeding method Bulk pedigree method
Area of adoption Saurashtra and other region of Gujarat except for
northern Gujarat
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,305
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 899
Oil content (%) 49.5
Days to maturity 112-115
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets dark green, medium, oblong; pod constriction
shallow, reticulation prominent, beak absent; kernels
spheroidal with rose testa
Special feature Early maturity

21. Ambar (CSMG-84-1)

Year of release 1992
Notification number S.O. 615(E) dated 17.08.1993
Developed by CSAUA&T, Mainpuri
Pedigree Selection from MA 10
Breeding method Mass selection
Area of adoption Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan and Haryana
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,704
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,731
Oil content (%) 50.4
Days to maturity 125
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets dark green, small, oblong; pod reticulation
prominent; variegated testa
Special feature Resistant to rust and leaf spots

96
 22. DSG-1
Year of release 1997
Notification number S.O. 647(E) dated 09.09.1997
Developed by UAS, Dharwad
Pedigree Selection from 'Mardur local'
Breeding method Mass selection
Area of adoption Karnataka
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1,700
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,139
Oil content (%) 49.0
Days to maturity 130-135
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets light green, small; pod beak prominent, curved;
kernel spheroidal with tan testa
Special feature Suitable for transitional zone for rain-fed conditions

23. GG-14 (JSP-28)

Year of release 2003
Notification number S.O. 283(E) dated 12.03.2003
Developed by JAU, Junagadh
Pedigree Gg-11 x R-33-1-90-215-1-B-2-B-B
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Northern Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,159
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,403
Oil content (%) 52.0
Days to maturity 123
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets light green, medium; pod constriction shallow;
pink testa
Special feature High oil content; tolerant of thrips, Spodoptera litura
and leaf miner

24. Utkarsh (CSMG-9510)

Year of release 2005
Notification number S.O. 449(E) dated 11.02.2009
Developed by CSAUA&T, Mainpuri
Pedigree MA-10 x ICG-7894
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Uttar Pradesh, Punjab and northern Rajasthan
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,192
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,447
Oil content (%) 49.0
Days to maturity 125
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets dark green, pod constriction medium; rose testa
Special feature Possesses fresh seed dormancy (up to 40 - 45 days)

97
 25. Durga (RG-382)
Year of release 2005
Notification number S.O. 122(E) dated 02.02.2005
Developed by RAU, Durgapura
Pedigree BG-2 x Tiftran
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Rajasthan
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,203
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,410
Oil content (%) 50.0
Days to maturity 129
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets dark green, pod 2-seeded; red rose testa
Special feature Suitable for sandy and loamy soils; resistant to jassids,
leaf miner and thrips

26. GG-16 (JSP-39)

Year of release 2006
Notification number S.O. 1572(E) dated 20.09.2006
Developed by JAU, Junagadh
Pedigree JSP-14 x JSSP-4 S-94-15-B-10-1-B-B
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala and southern
Maharashtra
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,058
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,297
Oil content (%) 46.0
Days to maturity 115-121
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets green, medium; pod reticulation prominent;
rose testa
Special feature Tolerant of PBND, root rot diseases, thrips,
Spodoptera litura and leaf miner

27. M-548
Year of release 2007
Notification number S.O. 1178(E) dated 20.07.2007
Developed by PAU, Ludhiana
Pedigree M-37 x Blanco Puro White
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Punjab
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,186
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,508
Oil content (%) 51.4
Days to maturity 123
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets dark green, medium; purple red testa
Special feature High protein content; bold kernel; tolerant of
leaf spots and collar rot

98
 28. GJG-HPS-1 (JSP-HPS-44)
Year of release 2010
Notification number S.O. 2137(E) dated 31.08.2010
Developed by JAU, Junagadh
Pedigree JSP-21 x VG -5
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Gujarat
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,125
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,437
Oil content (%) 49.0
Days to maturity 110-120
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets green, medium elliptic; pod reticulation
moderate; rose testa
Special feature Bold kernels (76g/100 kernel)

29. Divya (CSMG-2003-19)

Year of release 2011
Notification number S.O. 2326(E)/10.10.2011
Developed by CSAUA&T, Mainpuri
Pedigree Amber × ICG -1697
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,757
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,792
Oil content (%) 49.0
Days to maturity 129
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets small, dark green; pod constriction medium and
reticulation prominent; rose testa
Special feature Tolerant of PBND

30. Raj Mungfali 1 (RG 510)

Year of release 2012
Notification number S.O. 456(E) dated 16.03.2012
Developed by SKRAU, Durgapura
Pedigree RG-318 x RG-340
Breeding method Bulk pedigree method
Area of adoption Rajasthan and Punjab
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 2,558
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,739
Oil content (%) 49.0
Days to maturity 112-138
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets small, lanceolate, dark green; constriction and
reticulation moderate; rose testa
Special feature Bold kernels (76g/100 kernel)

99
 31. GJG-17 (JSP-48)
Year of release 201 3
Notification number S.O. 312(E)/01.02.2013
Developed by JAU, Junagadh
Pedigree JSSP -11 × GG-6
Breeding method Pedigree method
Area of adoption Gujarat
Recommended production system Kharif
Pod yield (kg/ha) 1 ,798
Kernel yield (kg/ha) 1,187
Oil content (%) 48.0
Days to maturity 121
Distinct morphological feature Leaflets small, lanceolate, green; pod constriction slight
and reticulation medium; rose testa
Special feature Tolerant of stem rot

100
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103
 State 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
Kharif Rabi- Total Kharif Rabi- Total Kharif Rabi- Total Kharif Rabi- Total Kharif Rabi- Total
summer summer summer summer summer
Gujarat A 17.120 1.450 18.570 17.930 1.190 19.120 17.570 0.650 18.220 16.910 1.150 18.060 14.540 2.320 16.860
P 30.490 2.500 32.990 24.510 2.140 26.650 16.330 1.240 17.570 31.590 2.071 33.661 22.730 4.440 27.170
Y 1781 1724 1777 1367 1798 1394 929 1908 964 1868 1801 1864 1563 1914 1612
Andhra A 15.000 2.950 17.950 14.990 2.660 17.650 10.110 2.900 13.010 13.470 2.750 16.220 10.570 2.500 13.070
Pradesh P 20.360 5.680 26.040 10.392 5.140 15.532 3.890 6.170 10.060 8.880 5.700 14.580 3.820 4.620 8.440
Y 1357 1925 1451 693 1932 880 385 2128 773 659 2073 899 361 1848 646
Tamil Nadu A 3.613 1.740 5.353 2.994 2.491 5.485 2.850 1.280 4.130 2.681 1.174 3.855 2.491 1.365 3.856
P 5.120 5.356 10.476 5.403 5.295 10.698 4.920 3.980 8.900 5.046 3.911 8.957 5.485 5.122 10.607
Y 1417 3078 1957 1805 2126 1950 1728 3104 2155 1882 3333 2324 2202 3751 2751
Karnataka A 7.370 1.710 9.080 6.710 1.450 8.160 6.090 2.090 8.180 6.590 1.890 8.480 5.090 1.680 6.770
104

P 5.780 1.550 7.330 4.064 1.240 5.304 3.440 1.680 5.120 5.620 1.800 7.420 3.310 1.540 4.850
Y 784 906 807 606 855 650 565 804 626 853 952 875 650 917 716
Maharashtra A 3.290 0.750 4.040 2.540 0.860 3.400 2.600 0.610 3.210 2.750 0.820 3.570 2.380 0.650 3.030
P 3.660 1.060 4.720 2.660 1.210 3.870 2.640 0.950 3.590 3.460 1.140 4.600 2.570 0.940 3.510
Y 1112 1413 1168 1047 1407 1138 1015 1557 1118 1258 1390 1289 1080 1446 1158
Rajasthan A 2.763 - 2.763 3.215 - 3.215 3.260 - 3.260 3.469 - 3.469 4.147 0.035 4.181
P 4.774 - 4.774 5.368 - 5.368 3.540 - 3.540 6.811 - 6.811 8.006 0.047 8.054
Y 1728 - 1728 1670 - 1670 1087 - 1087 1963 - 1963 1931 1370 1926
Madhya A 1.987 - 1.987 1.997 - 1.997 1.880 - 1.880 2.016 - 2.016 2.130 - 2.130
Pradesh P 1.868 - 1.868 2.276 - 2.276 2.180 - 2.180 3.016 - 3.016 3.446 - 3.446
Y 940 - 940 1140 - 1140 1158 - 1158 1496 - 1496 1618 - 1618
Orissa A 0.336 0.505 0.841 0.343 0.478 0.821 0.340 0.420 0.760 0.351 0.377 0.728 0.299 0.364 0.663
P 0.330 0.695 1.025 0.337 0.597 0.934 0.330 0.560 0.890 0.343 0.513 0.856 0.248 0.540 0.788
Y 982 1376 1219 983 1249 1138 968 1334 1169 977 1361 1176 830 1486 1189
West A 0.033 0.659 0.692 0.024 0.700 0.724 0.020 0.640 0.660 0.022 0.599 0.622 0.015 0.530 0.544
Bengal P 0.030 1.297 1.327 0.023 1.330 1.353 0.020 1.110 1.130 0.019 1.013 1.032 0.013 1.043 1.056
Y 909 1968 1918 958 1900 1869 916 1742 1715 849 1690 1660 864 1969 1939
105
106
107
 Annexure IIIa. State-wise latest situation specific most promising groundnut varieties

State Varieties
Andhra Kadiri-6, Narayani, ICGV-91114, Kadiri-9, GPBD-4, Abhaya, Prasuna,
Pradesh Greeshma, Ajeya, Vijetha, Kadiri Harithandra, ICGV-00350, Kadiri-7, Kadiri-8
Gujarat GG-2, GG-20, TG-37A,GG-5, GG-6, GG-7, JL-501, GJG-9, GJG-31, TPG-41,
Dh 86, GJG-17, GJG-22
Karnataka GPBD-4, TGLPS-3, Ajeya, Vijetha, VRI (Gn)-6, ICGV-91114, TAG-24,
Kadiri Harithandra
Tamil Nadu VRI-2, VRI (Gn)-6, TMV (Gn)-13, Co (Gn)-5, Co-6, ALR-2, VRI (Gn)-7,
GPBD 4, ICGV 00348, ICGV 00350
Maharashtra AK-159, JL-220, JL-286, JL-501, AK-303, AK-265, Ratneshwar, TLG-45,
TAG-24, Dh-86, Kadiri Harithandra
Rajasthan HNG-10, Girnar-2, TG-37A, Prakash, Amber, Utkarsh, GG-14, GG-21, HNG-69,
HNG-123, Raj Mungphali -1, TBG-39, JL 501, Pratap Mugphali-1,
Pratap Mugphali -2, Divya (CSMG-2003-19)
Madhya JGN-3, JGN-23, AK-159, GG-8
Pradesh
Jharkhand BAU-13, Girnar-3, GPBD-5, Vijetha, Dh-86, Dh-101, TG-38B, TG-51
Punjab M-548, Girnar-2, HNG-10, TG-37A, Prakash, Amber, Utkarsh, GG-14, GG-21,
HNG-69, HNG-123, Raj Mungphali-1, SG-99
Uttar Pradesh Prakash, Amber, Utkarsh, HNG-10, Girnar-2, GG-14, GG-21, TG-37A,
HNG-69, HNG-123, Raj Mungphali-1,Dh-86, Divya (CSMG-2003-19)
Uttarakhand VL Mungphali-1
Orissa OG-52-1, ICGV-91114, Girnar-3,TAG-24, TG-38B, TG-51, TG-37A, Dh 86,
Dh 101
West Bengal Girnar-3, TAG-24, TG-37A, TG-51, Dh-86, Dh-101, TG-38B

NEH region BAU-13, ICGS-76, ICGV-86590, GPBD-5,TAG-24, Dh-86, Dh-101, TG-38B,

TG-51, TG-37A

108
109
 (contd.)

110
 (contd.)

111
 (contd.)

112
113
(contd.)

114
 (contd.)

S.

Resistant/Tolerant of Nematode/

abiotic stresses
State Variety Resistant/Tolerant of diseases Resistant/
No.

Tolerant of
Tolerant
of insect pests

Kalahasti-malady
Spodoptera

Leaf miner
Collar rot

A. flavus
Stem rot

Drought
PBND

Thrips
Rust
ELS

LLS
4 Mahar- Mankya -   - -  - - - - - -
ashtra (DRG-12)
TG 26 -   - -  - - - - - -
TAG -24 -  - - -  - - - - - -
Ratneshwar - - - - - - - - - -  -
(LGN-1)
Phule Unap -    - - - -    -
(JL-286)
Ajeya - - - - -  - - - - - 
(R-2001-3)
VRI (Gn)-6 -   - -  - - - - - -
(VG -9816)
ICGV-86325 -   - -  - - - - - -
GG -16 - - - - -  - -    -
(JSP-39)
AK-265 -   - - - - - - - - 
ICGV-00348 -   - - - - - - - - -
Vijetha - - - - -  - - - - - -
(R-2001-2)
Kadiri    - -   -    
Haritandhra
(K-1319)
5 Gujarat GG-7 (J-38) -  - - - - - - - - - -
Somnath -  - - - - - - - - - -
(TGS-1)
TG -26 -   - -  - - - - - -
ICGS-37 - - - - - - - - - - - 
GJG-17 - - -  - - - - - - - -
GJG-22 - - - -  - - - - - - -
6 Orissa Smruti -     - - - - - - -
(OG -52-1)
TG -38B - - -  - - - - - - - -
(TG -38)
Vasundhara - - -  -  - -   - -
(Dh-101)
TG 51 - - -  - - - - - - - -
Vijetha - - - - -  - - - - - -
(R-2001-2)
Girmar-3 - - - - - - - - -   -
(PBS-12160)

115
 (contd.)

S.

Resistant/Tolerant of Nematode/

abiotic stresses
State Variety Resistant/Tolerant of diseases Resistant/
No.

Tolerant of
Tolerant
of insect pests

Kalahasti-malady
Spodoptera

Leaf miner
Collar rot

A. flavus
Stem rot

Drought
PBND

Thrips
Rust
ELS

LLS
7 West TG -38B - - -  - - - - - - - -
Bengal (TG -38)
Vasundhara - - -  -  - -   - -
(Dh-101)
TG -51 - - -  - - - - - - - -
Vijetha - - - - -  - - - - - -
(R-2001-2)
Girmar-3 - - - - - - - - -   -
(PBS-12160)
8 Raja- RG -141 -  - - -  - - - - - -
sthan GG-7 -  - - - - - - - - - -
(J-38)
Somnath -  - - - - - - - - - -
(TGS-1)
GG -14 - - - - - - - -    -
(JSP-28)
Pratap - - - - - - - -    -
Mungphali-2
Pratap - - - - - - - -    -
Mungphali-1
Mukta -   - -  - - - - - -
(DRG -17)
Durga -   - - - - -    -
(RG -382)
Ambar -   - - - - - - - - -
(CSMG-
84-1)
ICGS-1 -  - - -  - - - - - 
(ICGV-
87119)
Girnar-2 -   - -  - - - -  -
(PBS-24030)
Utkarsh - -  - - - - - - - - -
(CSMG-9510)
GG-21 - - - - - - - - - - - -
(JSSP 15)
HNG-69    - - - - - - -
Divya - - - - -  - - - - - -

116
 (contd.)

S.

Resistant/Tolerant of Nematode/

abiotic stresses
State Variety Resistant/Tolerant of diseases Resistant/
No.

Tolerant of
Tolerant
of insect pests

Kalahasti-malady
Spodoptera

Leaf miner
Collar rot

A. flavus
Stem rot

Drought
PBND

Thrips
Rust
ELS

LLS
9 Karna- Mankya -   - -  - - - - - -
taka (DRG-12)
R-9251 - - - - -  - - - - - -
Apporva - -  - -  - - - - - -
(R-8808)
Ajeya - - - -  - - - - - -
R-2001-3)
VRI (Gn)-6 -   - -  - - - - - -
(VG-9816)
ICGV-86325 - -  - -  - - - - - -
Vijetha - - - - -  - - - - - -
(R-2001-2)
10 Uttar GG -14 - - - - - - - -    -
Pradesh (JSP-28)
Mukta -   - -  - - - - - -
(DRG -17)
ICGS-5 - -  - - - - - - - - 
(ICGV-
87121)
Ambar -   - - - - - - - - -
(CSMG -
84-1)
ICGS 1 -  - - -  - - - - - 
(ICGV-
87119)
Girnar-2 -   - -  - - -   -
(PBS-24030)
Utkarsh - -  - - - - - - - - -
(CSMG-
9510)
HNG -69  - -   - - - - - - -
Divya - - - - -  - - - - - -

117
 (contd.)

S.

Resistant/Tolerant of Nematode/

abiotic stresses
State Variety Resistant/Tolerant of diseases Resistant/
No.

Tolerant of
Tolerant
of insect pests

Kalahasti-malady
Spodoptera

Leaf miner
Collar rot

A. flavus
Stem rot

Drought
PBND

Thrips
Rust
ELS

LLS
11 Punjab M-522  - - - - - - - - - - -
SG -99 - - - - -  - - - - - -
M-548 -  - -  - - - - - - -
GG -14 - - - - - - - -    -
(JSP-28)
Mukta -   - -  - - - - - -
(DRG -17)
ICGS 5 - -  - - - - - - - - -
(ICGV-
87121)
Ambar -   - - - - - - - - -
(CSMG -
84-1)
ICGS 1 -  - - -  - - - - - 
(ICGV
87119)
Girnar-2 -   - -  - - -   -
(PBS-24030)
Utkarsh - -  - - - - - - - - -
(CSMG-
9510)
HNG -69  - -   - - - - - - -
12 Madhya TG -26   - -  - - - - - -
Pradesh Jawahar -   - - - - - -   
Groundnut-3
(JGN-3)
Jawahar   - - - - - - - - - 
Groundnut-23
(JGN-23)
13 Bihar BG-3   - - - - - - - - - 
and (Birsa
Jharkhand Groundnut-3)
TG-38B - - -  - - - - - - - -
(TG-38)
Vasundhara - - -  -  - -   - -
(Dh-101)
TG-51 - - -  - - - - - - - -
Vijetha - - - - - - - -  - - -
(R-2001-2)

118