10. Dissect and display floral whorls. Dissect anther and toke T.S.

or
V.S. of ovary to show pollen.groins and locules of ovary, respectively.

...._( D_a_te_:__I _I __ j
Aim :- To dissect given flower to study and display different whorl . Dissect anther and
ovary to show number oflocules (chamber.).

Requirements :- Flower such as Brassica or Hibiscus. Forceps, razor blade, slides, two needles,
coverslips, dissecting microscope, paper, etc.

Procedure :- Observe different floral whorls such as calyx, corolla, androecium and gynoecium.
Take out each floral whorl carefully and arrange them in proper ascending order on a white
paper. Count the members of each whorl and also note down, if there is cohesion or adhesion
between the members of same whorl or different whorls.
• Mount the anthers on slide and observe them under lens or dissecting microscope.
• Take a transverse section of each of anther and T. S. / V. S. · of ovary with the help of sharp
blade and mount them on a slide in a drop of water, separately.
• Observe under dissecting microscope and count the number of chambers in anther and ovary.
• Draw diagrams of the members of each whorl and sections of anther and ovary. Note down
your observations as -

Hibiscus flower :-
• Epicalyx - There are 5-7 free bracteoles.
• Calyx - 5 sepals, green, gamosepalous, valvate aestivation.
• Corolla - 5 petals, polypetalous, large, red coloured and showy, twisted aestivation.
• Androecium - Many stamens, showing monadelphous condition. (Filaments are fused to form
hollow stamina! tube but anthers free.) Anthers are monothecus and kidney shaped. Note
colour, shape and ornamentation of pollen grains.
• Gynoecium - Pentacarpellary, syncarpous (5 carpels-fused), ovary-superior and pentalocular
five chambers) with axile placentation, style passes through hollow stamina! tube, stigma-5
free capitate.
 Androecium Petal
Monothecus,
Capitate stigma
reniform
anther

Calyx
(? q)S'l
F
tube
Style n·
A
B Locule

Calyx Septum
epicalyx
Axis
T.S. of Ovary·
E
A: Entire flower, B : Monadelphous stamens, C : Polycarpellary
syncarpous gynoecium, D : Corolla with free petals,
E : Calyx with epicalyx, F: Anthers, G: T. S. of ovary

Fig. 10.1 Floral parts of Hibiscus

Activity : Write floral formula.

t
Anther
Vein

�
Pollen socs
Filament
A D E
C Stigma
Style

Ovule
False septum
Ovary wall
G Ovary
B F
A: Entire flower, B: Sepals, C : Petals, D : Stamens,
E: T. S. oftetralocular anther , F: Gynoecium(carpels), G: T. S. of ovary
Fig. 10.2 Floral parts of Brassica
 Observe and describe the floral ports of Brassica flower :
Family - : Brassicaceae
Flower- Complete, pedicellate, ebracteate, hermaphrodite, actinomorphic, tetramerous, hypogynous, cyclic.
Calyx - Sepals - 4, polysepalous, petaloid, green.
Corolla - Petals-4, polypetalous, cruciform, valvate aestivation.
Androecium- Stamens-6 in two whorls (2 + 4), polyandrous, tetradynamous, 2 outer short and 4 inner long
dithecous.
Gynoecium- Bicarpellar syncarpous, superior ovary with parietal placentation, bilocular ovary, style short,
stigma bilobed.
Activity : Write floral formula.
% K 2+2 C4 A2+4 G (2-4)

(Questions j
1. What is flower?
Flower is a highly modified and condensed shoot part of plant which is meant for sexual
reproduction, fruit formation and seed formation.
2. What is the function of flower?
• 1) Many flowers have to Attract pollinators with their bright colors.
• 2) Flowers provide nectar to certain birds and insects, which in turn help in the transfer of
pollen from one flower to the other.
• 3)Give protection to reproductive organs like stamen and stigma.
• 4)The most important function of flowers is reproduction.
• 5) Flowers are promote selfing, or cross-fertilization.
• 6) The flowers can produce diaspores without fertilization.
• 7) After fertilization, the ovary of the flower develops into a fruit containing a seed.
• 8)Flowers provide food.
• 9) Flowers is the key point for new generation to come.
• 10) The main purpose of a flower in a plant is to reproduce, plant is monoecious or dioecious
its purpose is to reproduce.

3. Which are the essential floral whorls? And why?

The androecium and gynoecium are called essential whorls of a flower. Because they are used for
sexual reproduction.
4. What is the difference between polypetalous and gamopetalous corolla?
Polypetalous - corolla consists of petals that are free.
corolla composed of distinct, separable petals.
• Example is Hibiscus
Gamopetalous- corolla consists of petals are united. petals are fused are called Gamopetalous.
• Example is potato
5. Which are the different parts of stamen and carpel?
Stamen is a part of Androecium, the male reproductive part of a flower. The stamen consists of the
anther, connective, and filament. Pollen grains are produced inside the anther. The carpel is a part of
Gynoecium, Female reproductive whorl of a flower is called gynoecium. Typical carpel has three parts
viz, stigma, style, and ovary. The ovary containing the ovules.
6. How does Brassica flower is different from that of Hibiscus ?
Hibiscus flower is different from that of Brassica are following point.
Hibiscus is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow familyMalvaceae, Flower, Pentamerous,
Epicalyx - There are 5-7, Calyx - 5 sepals, Corolla - 5 petals,.Androecium - Many stamens
Gynoecium Pentacarpellary and pentalocular.
Brassica is a mustard family (Brassicaceae). Flower- tetramerous,
Calyx - Sepals - 4,
Corolla - Petals-4,
Androecium- Stamens-6,
Gynoecium- Bicarpellar, bilocular ovary.
 ( Multiple Choice Questions j
1. The type of placentation seen in Hibiscus ovary is ----
a. parietal b. marginal
c. free central d. axile
2. The anthers in Hibiscus are -----
a.. monothecus b. monothecus basifixed
c. bithecus basifixed d. bithecus dorsifixed
3. Hibiscus shows protandrous condition. It will favour ----
. a. self pollination b. cross pollination
c. vegetative reproduction d. autogamy
4. In Hibiscus, aestivation of calyx is ____ and of corolla is ____
a. contorted and valvate b. twisted and valvate
c. valvate and twisted d. vexillary and valvate
5. Hibiscus is a hypogynous flower because its ovary is -----
a. inferior b. semi-superior
c. superior d. semi-inferior

• Observe the slide and draw the diagrams of T. S. of o ary and morphological structure
of pollen groin.

Re111ark and Signature o_f Teacher ............................... , .............................................................