USAGE Present Simple - age

- qualities (big, rich) - relationships

BE – am/is/are
- nationality and group identity - place
- jobs and professions - time

+ Affirmative sentences + - Negative sentences - ? Interrogative sentences ?

I am …/ I’m … I am not…/ I’m not… Am I …? Yes, you are

Are you …? No, you aren’t

You are … /You’re … You are not … /You aren’t …
Is he …? Yes, I am

Is she …? No, I’m not

He is … / He’s … He is not … / He isn’t …
Is it …? Yes, he is
She is … / She’s … She is not … / She isn’t … Are we …? No, he isn’t

Are they …? Yes, she is

It is … / It’s … It is not … / It isn’t …
No, she isn’t

We are … / We’re … We are not … / We aren’t … Yes, it is

No, it isn’t
They are … / They’re … They are not … / They aren’t … Yes, you are
No, you aren’t
Yes, they are
No, they aren’t
USAGE Present Simple - age
- qualities (big, rich) - relationships
BE – am/is/are
- nationality and group identity - place
- jobs and professions - time

+ Affirmative sentences + - Negative sentences - ? Interrogative sentences ?

I am …/ I’m … I am not…/ I’m not… Am I …? Yes, you are

No, you aren’t
You are … /You’re … You are not … /You aren’t …
Are you …? Yes, I am
No, I’m not
He is … / He’s … He is not … / He isn’t …
Is he …? Yes, he is
She is … / She’s … She is not … / She isn’t … No, he isn’t
Is she …? Yes, she is
It is … / It’s … It is not … / It isn’t …
No, she isn’t

We are … / We’re … We are not … / We aren’t … Is it …? Yes, it is

No, it isn’t
They are … / They’re … They are not … / They aren’t … Are we …? Yes, you are
No, you aren’t
Are they …? Yes, they are
No, they aren’t
 USAGE Past Simple - age
- qualities (big, rich) - relationships
BE – was / were
- nationality and group identity - place
- jobs and professions - time

+ Affirmative sentences + - Negative sentences - ? Interrogative sentences ?

I was … I was not…/ I wasn’t… Was I …? Yes, you were

No, you weren’t
You were … You were not … /You weren’t …
Were you …? Yes, I was
He was not … / He wasn’t … No, I wasn’t
He was …
Was he …? Yes, he was
She was not … / She wasn’t …
She was … No, he wasn’t
It was not … / It wasn’t … Was she …? Yes, she was
It was …
No, she wasn’t
We were not … / We weren’t …
We were … Was it …? Yes, it was
They were not … / They weren’t … No, it wasn’t
They were … Were we …? Yes, you were
No, you weren’t
Were they …? Yes, they were
No, they weren’t

USAGE Past Simple - age

- qualities (big, rich) - relationships
BE – was / were
- nationality and group identity - place
- jobs and professions - time

+ Affirmative sentences + - Negative sentences - ? Interrogative sentences ?

I was … I was not…/ I wasn’t… Was I …? Yes, you were

No, you weren’t
You were … You were not … /You weren’t …
Were you …? Yes, I was
He was not … / He wasn’t … No, I wasn’t
He was …
Was he …? Yes, he was
She was not … / She wasn’t …
She was … No, he wasn’t
It was not … / It wasn’t … Was she …? Yes, she was
It was …
No, she wasn’t
We were not … / We weren’t …
We were … Was it …? Yes, it was
They were not … / They weren’t … No, it wasn’t
They were … Were we …? Yes, you were
No, you weren’t
Were they …? Yes, they were
No, they weren’t

Signal words: Present Simple USAGE

 Always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, rarely, Other verbs - something happens repeatedly.
never, every day/week/month/year etc. - how often something happens.
- things in general.

+ Affirmative sentences + - Negative sentences - ? Interrogative sentences ?

I eat … I do not/don’t eat… Do I …? Yes, you do

Do you …? No, you don’t

You eat … You do not/don’t eat…
Does he …? Yes, I do

Does she …? No, I don’t

He eats … He does not/doesn’t eat…
Does it …? Yes, he does
She eats … She does not/doesn’t eat… Do we …? No, he doesn’t

Do you …? Yes, she does

It eats … It does not/doesn’t eat…
Do they …? No, she doesn’t

We eat … We do not/ don’t eat… Yes, it does

No, it doesn’t
You eat … You do not/ don’t eat… Yes, you do
No, you don’t
They eat … They do not/ don’t eat…
Yes, we do
No, we don’t
Yes, they do
No, they don’t
Signal words: Present Simple USAGE
Always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, rarely, - something happens repeatedly.
Other verbs
never, every day/week/month/year etc. - how often something happens.
- things in general.

+ Affirmative sentences + - Negative sentences - ? Interrogative sentences ?

I jump … I do not/don’t jump… Do I …? Yes, you do

No, you don’t
You eat … You do not/don’t eat…
Do you …? Yes, I do
No, I don’t
He cooks … He does not/doesn’t cook…
Does he …? Yes, he does
She writes … She does not/doesn’t write… No, he doesn’t
Does she …? Yes, she does
It runs … It does not/doesn’t run…
No, she doesn’t

We shout … We do not/ don’t shout… Does it …? Yes, it does

No, it doesn’t
You read … You do not/ don’t read… Do we …? Yes, you do
No, you don’t
They speak … They do not/ don’t speak…
Do you …? Yes, we do
No, we don’t
Do they …? Yes, they do
No, they don’t

Signal words: Past Simple USAGE

Yesterday, the day before yesterday, last … - something happened in the past
Other verbs
(night/week/month/year/summer), a week/month/year
ago, in 2015

+ Affirmative sentences + - Negative sentences - ? Interrogative sentences ?

I jumped … I did not/didn’t jump… Did I …? Yes, you did

No, you didn’t
You ate … You did not/didn’t eat… Did you …? Yes, I did
No, I didn’t
He cooked … He did not/didn’t cook…
Did he …? Yes, he did
No, he didn’t
She wrote … She did not/didn’t write…
Did she …? Yes, she did
It ran … It did not/didn’t run… No, she didn’t
Did it …? Yes, it did
We shouted … We did not/didn’t shout…
No, it didn’t

You read … You did not/didn’t read… Did we …? Yes, you did
No, you didn’t
They spoke … They did not/didn’t speak… Did you …? Yes, we did
No, we didn’t
Did they …? Yes, they did
No, they didn’t

Signal words: Past Simple USAGE

Yesterday, the day before yesterday, last … - something happened in the past
Other verbs
(night/week/month/year/summer), a week/month/year
ago, in 2015

+ Affirmative sentences + - Negative sentences - ? Interrogative sentences ?

I jumped … I did not/didn’t jump… Did I …? Yes, you did

No, you didn’t
You ate … You did not/didn’t eat…
Did you …? Yes, I did
No, I didn’t
He cooked … He did not/didn’t cook…
Did he …? Yes, he did
She wrote … She did not/didn’t write… No, he didn’t
Did she …? Yes, she did
It ran … It did not/didn’t run…
No, she didn’t

We shouted … We did not/didn’t shout… Did it …? Yes, it did

No, it didn’t
You read … You did not/didn’t read… Did we …? Yes, you did
No, you didn’t
They spoke … They did not/didn’t speak…
Did you …? Yes, we did
No, we didn’t
Did they …? Yes, they did
No, they didn’t

Signal words: Present Continuous USAGE

+ Affirmative sentences + - Negative sentences - ? Interrogative sentences ?

I am jumping … I am not/’m not jumping… Am I jumping …? Yes, you are

Are you eating …? No, you aren’t

You are eating … You are not/aren’t eating…
Is he cooking …? Yes, I am

He is cooking … He is not/isn’t cooking… Is she writing …? No, I’m not

Is it running …? Yes, he is
She is writing … She is not/ isn’t writing… No, he isn’t
Are we shouting …?
Yes, she is
It is running … It is not/ isn’t running… Are you reading …?
No, she isn’t
Are they speaking …?
We are shouting … We are not/ aren’t shouting… Yes, it is
No, it isn’t
You are reading … You are not/ aren’t reading…
Yes, you are

They are speaking … They are not/ aren’t speaking… No, you aren’t

Yes, we are
No, we aren’t

Yes, they are

No, they aren’t

Signal words: Present Continuous USAGE

+ Affirmative sentences + - Negative sentences - ? Interrogative sentences ?

I am jumping … I am not/’m not jumping… Am I jumping …? Yes, you are

Are you eating …? No, you aren’t

You are eating … You are not/aren’t eating…
Is he cooking …? Yes, I am

He is cooking … He is not/isn’t cooking… Is she writing …? No, I’m not

Is it running …? Yes, he is
She is writing … She is not/ isn’t writing… No, he isn’t
Are we shouting …?
Yes, she is
It is running … It is not/ isn’t running… Are you reading …?
No, she isn’t
Are they speaking …?
We are shouting … We are not/ aren’t shouting… Yes, it is
No, it isn’t
You are reading … You are not/ aren’t reading…
Yes, you are

They are speaking … They are not/ aren’t speaking… No, you aren’t

Yes, we are
No, we aren’t

Yes, they are

No, they aren’t

Signal words: Past Perfect (Simple) USAGE

+ Affirmative sentences + - Negative sentences - ? Interrogative sentences ?

I had jumped … I had not/hadn’t jumped… Had I jumped..? Yes, you had
No, you hadn’t
You had eaten … You had not/hadn’t eaten…
Had you eaten ..? Yes, I had
No, I hadn’t
He had cooked … He had not/hadn’t cooked… Had he cooked..? Yes, he had
No, he hadn’t
She had written … She had not/hadn’t written…
Had she written.? Yes, she had
No, she hadn’t
It had run … It had not/hadn’t run…
Had it run…? Yes, it had
We had shouted … We had not/hadn’t shouted… No, it hadn’t
Had we shouted.? Yes, you had
You had read … You had not/hadn’t read…
No, you hadn’t

They had spoken … They had not/hadn’t spoken… Had you read …? Yes, we had
No, we hadn’t
Had they spoken? Yes, they had
No, they hadn’t

Signal words: Present Perfect (Simple) USAGE

ever(коли небудь), never

+ Affirmative sentences + - Negative sentences - ? Interrogative sentences ?

I have jumped … I have not/haven’t jumped… Have I jumped..? Yes, you have
No, you haven’t
You have eaten … You have not/haven’t eaten…
Have you eaten ..? Yes, I have
Has he cooked..? No, I haven’t
He has cooked … He has not/hasn’t cooked…
Yes, he have
She has written … She has not/hasn’t written… Has she written.? No, he haven’t
Yes, she have
It has run … It has not/hasn’t run…
Has it run…? No, she haven’t

We have shouted … We have not/haven’tshouted… Yes, it have

Have we shouted...? No, it haven’t
You have read … You have not/haven’t read… Have you read …? Yes, you have
Have they spoken..? No, you haven’t
They have spoken … They have not/haven’t spoken…
Yes, we have
No, we haven’t
Yes, they have
No, they haven’t