PRINCETON COLLEGE

SURULERE LAGOS

SOCIAL STUDIES NOTE

FOR
GRADE 7

FIRST TERM
2022/2023 SESSION
 SCHEME OF WORK
WEEKS TOPICS SUB TOPICS
1 Meaning of social studies  Scope and Nature of
Social Studies
2 Physical and Social Environment
3 Family as the Basic Unit of the
Society
4 Culture  Components of Culture

5 Cultural Similarities and Differences  Uniqueness of Nigeria

Culture
6 Socialization  Process of Socialization
 Agents of Socialization
 Effects of Socialization

7 Friendship  Friendship Skills

Meaning of Friendship
8 Qualities and Behaviors That  Factors That Could
Enhance Friendship Destroy Friendship

9 Common Crimes  Causes of Common

Crimes
 Prevention of Crime
Effects of common Crimes
10 Revision
11/12 Examination
 WEEK 1

THE MEANING OF SOCIAL STUDIES

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the students should

be able to:

1. define Social Studies.

2. state the nature of Social Studies.

3. outline the scope of Social Studies.

TEACHING AIDS: Power Points Presentation, video links etc

CONTENT

Man and his environment

Social Studies is the study of man and his relationship with the environment.
Itrefers to the study of how man lives in the society, what he does and how his life
is affected by things around him.

Social Studies enables us to understand our society, identify its problems and
provide solutions to the problems.
‘Man’ in Social Studies refers to all human beings. Man lives among other
creatures and enjoys natural and artificial resources like land, water, trees. He lives
in shelters with others and depends on others for survival. Man is said to live in a
group because he lives in a particular area (community) and makes use of things
that are found in the area which are natural and man-made.

A community is a group of people living in a particular area as one. Man uses

scientific, technological and spiritual means to solve the problems he faces or
encounters in his environment.

Social Studies is therefore defined as the study of man’s life, his interactions with
his social and physical environments, and his knowledge of science and technology
to solve the problems in the environment.

Science: This is the systematic way of acquiring knowledge through observation

and experiment.

Technology: This is the application of scientific knowledge for practical purpose.

THE SCOPE OF SOCIAL STUDIES

The scope of Social Studies deals with all the experiences of man in his physical
and social environment as well as what he does to make his environment
conducive for him. It entails the fact that Social Studies is an integrated subject. As
an integrated subject it means that Social Studies is a subject that connects
different areas of study and draws on the knowledge and skills learnt from other
areas like Economics, Geography, Anthropology, Government, Psychology,
History etc. to provide solutions to problems faced by man in the society.
 THE NATURE OF SOCIAL STUDIES

Social Studies is the study of man as a member of a group. It teaches us about the
environment around us. It studies man’s life, his interactions with his social and
physical environments, and his knowledge of science and technology to solve these
problems inherent in the environments.

EVALUATION

(1) Define Social Studies.

(2) Outline the nature of Social Studies.

(3) List five subjects that Social Studies draw knowledge from.

ASSIGNMENT

Explain the nature of Social Studies.

FURTHER READING

SIMPLIFIED BASIC SOCIAL STUDIES BASIC 7

R.A.YUSUF Page 3.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wuGjSG7KVcI
 PERIOD 2

THE AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF SOCIAL STUDIES

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the students should

be able to:

1. list the aims and objectives of Social Studies.

2. highlight the importance of Social Studies.

CONTENT

The following are some of the objectives of studying Social Studies in schools:

1. Social studies help us to understand the social and physical environment in

which we live.

2. To learn how to rely on and exploit the physical environment.

3. To be law abiding citizens and nation builders.

4. To give us balanced education.

5. To help us develop good skills, habits and attitude towards one another and
towards our nation.

6. To helpus understand the richness of our culture and find ways of improving
it.

7. To help us know the importance of cooperation with our relatives, peer

group and people of authority.
 8. To make us know the importance of the natural and human resources around
us and how to make good use of them.

9. To impact knowledge and skills necessary for solving the problems of man
in the society

10.To understand and appreciate other people’s cultures and to live peacefully
with them.

THE IMPORTANCE OF SOCIAL STUDIES

The following are some of the importance of Social Studies. They are;

1. It emphasizes the importance of peaceful co-existence and tolerance.

2. It helps in preparing the youths to become responsible future leaders.

3. It develops our ability to change with the changes around us.

4. Social Studies lays a good foundation for building a happier nation.

5. It helps in exposing individual student to different societies and culture.

6. It helps us to recognize and appreciate the dignity in labour.

7. It creates and develops national awareness and national unity.

8. It helps in training our youths to become responsible citizens.

 9. It also makes students to be familiar with their social and physical
environments.

10.It teaches us how to meaningfully contribute to the development of our

nation.

EVALUATION

List five aims and objectives of Social Studies.

ASSIGNMENT

Highlight any four importance of Social Studies.

FOR FURTHER READING;

SIMPLIFIED BASIC SOCIAL STUDIES BASIC 7

R.A.YUSUF Page 4.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y_X99q7TatU
 WEEK 2

PHYSICAL AND SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTS

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the students should

be able to:

1. define physical environment.

2. mention the two types of physical environment.

3. list the features of physical environment.

TEACHING AIDS: Power Point Presentation, Pictures and videos

CONTENT

Natural Environment

PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

Physical environment refers to man’s immediate environment and the physical

things that surround man. For example, oceans, rivers, mountains, vegetation,
valley, creeks, forests, lakes etc. It consists of natural and man-made resources.
 Oceans: - Oceans are great mass of salt water that covers most of the earth
surface.

 Rivers: - Rivers are wide natural stream of water flowing between banks into
a lake or into the seas. E.g. Niger, Benue etc.

 Lake: - Large water bodies surrounded by land. Examples of lakes in Nigeria

are Agulu lake, Oguta lake etc.

 Valley: - Valley refers to land lying between two hill or mountains often
with a river running through it.

 Mountains: - These are highlands which are over 600 meters above sea level
and has steep slopes.

 Forest: - This is a large area covered chiefly with trees and undergrowth.

TYPES OF PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

1. Natural Environment: This environment consists of the things made or

created by nature (God) to influence the environment e.g. rivers, soil, valley,
mineral resources etc.

2. Artificial (man-made) Environment: This environment consists of those

things that have been changed or built (manufactured) by man in order to
adapt the natural environment to suit his needs. These include houses, roads,
factories, towns etc.
 THE FEATURES OF PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

The features of physical environment consist of both natural features and artificial
features.

1. Natural features: Natural features of the physical environment include land

features like highlands, rocks, mountains, hills, rivers, oceans, vegetation
etc. It also includes climatic features like weather and climate. Also,
included are plants and animals.

2. Artificial features: This is also referred to as man-made physical

environment. Its features include houses, hospitals, companies, constructions
etc.

EVALUATION

1. Define physical environment.

2. Explain the two types of physical environment.

ASSIGNMENT
List five examples of each of the following:

1. Natural features physical environment.

2. Artificial features of physical environment.

FOR FURTHER READING;

SIMPLIFIED BASIC SOCIAL STUDIES BASIC 7

R.A.YUSUF Page 5-7.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NPL8da410c8
 PERIOD 2

SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT;

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the students should

be able to:

1. define social groups.

2. mention the types of social groups with examples.

3. outline the roles and responsibilities of family members.

CONTENT

SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT

Social Environment refers to people in our society and our relationship with each
other. It is how we interact, provide our needs and solve our problems in groupor
society.

Social environment consists of the group of people with whom an individual is

connected. Man belongs to the social environment. He is a social being and lives
with other people in groups. He enjoys and depends upon the company of others.

Man’s social environment includes his home, which is made up of parents,

brothers and sisters, his office, places of worship like church or mosque where he
goes for prayers always, clubs which he belongs and other organizations which he
is a member.

All associations that man belongs to are called Social Groups. A Social group is a
group of people who have common interest.

Social group is a collection of human beings who are brought into social
relationship with one another with a common goal, under a common set of codes.
A social group may be a pair, a number of persons or even thousands of people. A
social may be a sports club, political party, a family etc. it refers to the connection
that exists between individual and groups or between parts of a society.

TYPES OF SOCIAL GROUP

There are two categories or divisions of Social group or organizations in our

society.

1. Primary Groups

2. Secondary Groups

PRIMARY GROUPS

Primary groups are made up of people who know each other very closely. Such
members often remain close for a very long time, usually for life. They enjoy a
permanent relationship and possibly know each other by their names. Such groups
are small and members have deep sense of belonging together. Examples are
family, kinship, peer groups or play mates, age grades etc.

The characteristics of Primary Social Groups.

 They are always in small sizes and they possibly know one another by
their names.

 There is face to face relationship.

 Members enjoy intimacy and cooperation.

 They enjoy permanence.

 They are always very loyal to one another.

 Members share same culture and activities.

 They are in regular contact with one another.

 Members are concerned about the behaviour of others.

THE FAMILY

The family refers to the group of people related by blood. It is the basic unit of a
social group that is responsible for supporting, caring for and preparing children
for adulthood. It comprises of people related by blood, marriage or law. The family
is the first social environment of every child. It strongly influences a child’s
personal development.

THE TYPES OF FAMILY

There are two major types of family.

 i. Nuclear Family.

ii. Extended Family.

 Nuclear family: A nuclear family is a simple family made up of parents and

their children. This includes husband, wife or wives and their children. It is
also known as the immediate family.

There are two kinds of nuclear family.

i. Monogamous family.

ii. Polygamous family.

 A monogamous family consists of husband and one wife.

 A polygamous family consists of husband and two or more wives. One

woman having many husbands is called polyandry. A marriage that occurs
within a specific tribe is called endogamy. While exogamy is a marriage
between people of different tribes.

 Extended family: This is made up of all the people that are related by blood
through the father or mother. It consists of many nuclear families.

 Compound family: This includes foster family and adopted family. Foster
family consists of adult acting as the parents to the children who may not be
related to them. The adopted family consists of orphans or those whose
biological parents are unable to raise them and are integrated into another
family by legal action.

SECONDARY GROUPS

These are formal organizations whose members are not related to one another but
come together to achieve a common goal.

Secondary groups are groups made up of a large number of people who are not as
close and intimate as in primary groups.

The characteristics of Secondary Social Groups.

 They are established by law that guide the relationship between individuals.
  There is no face to face relationship.

 Relationships are official and impersonal.

 They enjoy little intimacy.

 Members of these organizations share one basic interest and are drawn from
various families, kindred, tribes, race or religions.

 They are larger groups.

 Interest and objectives vary.

 People perform different roles.

 Secondary groups are temporary.

Examples are, Trade Union, Voluntary organizations, Clubs, Companies, Religious

groups, Political parties, Associations, Institutions of learning (schools) etc.

 Trade union: - These includes workers’ association like, NUJ: Nigeria

Union of Journalist, NUT: Nigeria Union Teachers etc.

 Voluntary organizations: - These are associations formed by people to

render social and humanitarian services to the society. E.g. Man ‘O’ war,
Boys Brigades, Red Cross etc.

 Religious groups: - These includes all churches and mosques.

 Schools: - These includes primary schools, secondary schools and tertiary

institutions (universities, polytechnics, colleges of education etc.).

 Clubs: - These groups aim at socializing and enjoyment of leisure together.

THE ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF FAMILY MEMBERS

THE FATHER

1. The father provides money for the smooth running of the family.

2. He sees to the formal and informal education of his children.

3. He ensures that the whole family is comfortable as much as his earning
permits.

4. He provides the three basic necessities of life which are food, clothing and
shelter for his family.

5. He sees to the moral upbringing of the members of the family

THE MOTHER

1. She cooks the food which the entire family eats.

2. The mother takes care of the children.

3. She educates the children on morals.

4. She supports her husband in the provision of some basic needs.

5. She helps to settle dispute in the family.

6. She ensures that the house is always clean.

THE CHILDREN

1. They are to obey their parents.

2. They keep to the rules, values and the norms of the family.

3. They help their mother in domestic works.

4. They learn the language of their parents as well as culture.

5. They seek advice and directives from their parents.

EVALUATION

1. What do you understand by Social environment?

2. Mention the two types of social groups.

3. Define family?

4. List the two types of family

 ASSIGNMENT

Outline five differences between the Primary and Secondary Social groups.

FOR FURTHER READING;

SIMPLIFIED BASIC SOCIAL STUDIES BASIC 7

R.A.YUSUF Page 18-21.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gspWEzVg6ks
 WEEK 3

THE FAMILY AS A BASIC UNIT OF THE SOCIETY

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the students should

be able to:

1. enumerate the characteristic of large and small family size

2. mention the consequences of large and small family size.

TEACHING AIDS: Power point, pictures, sketches, diagrams etc.

CONTENT

THE SIZE OFTHE FAMILY

A large family

Family size is the number of people in the family.

The size of the family may be large or small depending on the nature of the family.
A large family consists of father, mother(s) and many children, while a small
family comprises of a father, a mother and very few children. It should be noted
that the size of the family has a great impact on the quality of life of the family.

THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SMALL FAMILY SIZE

 The members of a small family size include a father, mother and very
few children.

 Small family is a well-organized and well-planned family.

 Conflicts, disagreements and misunderstanding are not common in small

family. When they occur, they are effectively managed and controlled.

 There is effective control in a small family.

 The quality of life is better in a small family.

 Less financial burden – resources and financial commitments are

properly and effectively managed.

 There is cohesion in the family, where the family is small there is unity.
This is because decisions are easily arrived at because of understanding
among members.

 In small family, members are very close. There is personal and lasting
relationship.

 There is peace of mind.

 There is better education.

THE CONSEQUENCES OF SMALL FAMILY SIZE

 Children from small families might find it harder to make friends and
socialize.

 The children may be overprotected which can result in dependence.

 The children may grow up selfish and self-minded.

 The child may feel loneliness.

 The child may go wayward if excessively pampered.

THE CHARACTERISTICS OF LARGE FAMILY SIZE

 Large family comprises of father, mother and many children.

 Children in large family are never lonely

 They learn how to live in peace even if they quarrel.

 They have friends within the family.

 The children share household chores.

 A large family can offer many connections that can help you in life.

 The younger ones learn social skills early from older siblings.

 The children share parental affection and attention.

THE CONSEQUENCES OF LARGE FAMILY SIZE

 Large family may be difficult for an individual with low income to

manage

 One has to spend a lot of money on member’s needs

 There will be jealousy and envy

 Suspicion are nursed by other members of the family especially where a

man has two wives and many children.

 The children might not have access to good and qualitative education.

 There may be lack of effective parental care and control.

 It may lead to social problems because of growing up in hostile

environment.

 Parents may show partiality to some children.

 Over population per room might occur.

 There is tendency of fighting with one another.

 There may be absence of peace of mind.

EVALUATION
 (i) List five characteristics of small family size.

(ii) List five characteristics of large family size.

ASSIGNMENT

Write out five consequences of small family size.

FOR FURTHER READING;

SIMPLIFIED BASIC SOCIAL STUDIES BASIC 7

R.A.YUSUF Page 23-26.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=esyNIKsISB0
 WEEK 4

CULTURE

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the students should

be able to:

1. define culture.

2. list the components of culture.

3. explain the features of culture.

TEACHING AIDS: Power point presentation, pictures, and videos

CONTENT

CULTURE

Culture is the way of life and living patterns of a particular group of people. It
includes the totality of people’s beliefs, modes of worship, works of art and craft,
languages, religion, technology, dressing, dancing, greeting etc.

THE COMPONENTS OF CULTURE

Culture can be grouped into:

1. Material culture.

2. Non-material culture
  MATERIAL CULTURE

Material culture refer to those things which we can see, feel and touch and the
things man produces to meet his need e.g. hoes, cutlasses, shovel, cloth, shoes,
chairs, walking stick, buildings etc.

Material culture

 NON-MATERIAL CULTURE

Non-material culture refers to non-tangible traits of culture. That is those traits of

culture that are not visible like languages, religion, moral values, beliefs, music,
folk tales etc.

The major difference between the two aspects of culture is that, the tangible and
material culture can be seen, touched and felt, while the intangible aspect of culture
cannot be seen or touched.

THE FEATURES OF CULTURE

1. Culture is dynamic and flexible. It is neither static nor rigid. This explains
why culture changes from time to time and from place to place.

2. Culture is learnt over period of time. It is not inborn in people. It is not what
people have at birth.

3. Culture is continuous and does not die with people. This simply means that
the culture of a people is passed down from one generation to another,
 without any break. This is to ensure the continuity of the culture of a
particular tribe or race.

4. Culture differs from place to place. This means that every culture is unique
or peculiar to a particular set of people. It distinguishes them uniquely from
other communities or people.

5. Culture is universal to mankind and not peculiar to a particular group. Since

any culture fits and serves the people who own it, it can rightly be claimed
that no culture is superior to the other.

EVALUATION

1. What is culture?

2. Mention two component of culture with two examples each.

ASSIGNMENT

List and explain four features of culture.

FOR FURTHER READING;

SIMPLIFIED BASIC SOCIAL STUDIES BASIC 7

R.A.YUSUF Page 28-31.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pLEW3FNSv_g
 WEEK 5

CULTURAL SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES IN NIGERIA

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the students should

be able to:

1. state cultural similarities among Nigerians.

2. identify cultural differences among Nigerians.

TEACHING AIDS: Power points presentation and pictures

CONTENT

Nigerian culture is shaped by Nigeria’s many ethnic groups and it is made up of

over 250 ethnic groups.

There are cultural similarities and differences among these ethnic groups.

CULTURAL SIMILARITIES

 Respect for elders and rulers in Nigeria is common in all the ethnic groups in
Nigeria.

 Selection of the elderly as leaders on the basis of their wisdom rather than
election on the basis of money

 Marital ceremonies in our various cultures e.g. the groom pays the bride
price and virgin brides are highly honored.

 The existence of the age grade system for decision-making, community

building and defense in each of our communities.

 Farming and trading are common in all cultures.

 All societies in Nigerian have their peculiar style of arts and crafts.

 Each community in Nigeria has its traditional political system under a

paramount chief with different titles like Oba, Obi, Obong etc.
  Extended family is a common feature in all cultures in Nigeria.

CULTURAL DIFFERENCES

The natural environment of Nigeria is one of the major factors which produce
cultural differentiation.

1. Arts/crafts: In the forest zone, wood-carving is a form of tradition. Wood is

carved into various designs to show ingenuity. We have wood carving in
Oyo, Ife and Benin bronzes, Bida metal works, excellent leather works are
produced in Kano etc.

2. Religion: Apart from the African traditional religion, which is common in

Nigeria, the Nigerian people also practices two other prominent religions.
These are Christianity and Islam.

3. Language: It is a remarkable difference that differentiates one culture from

the other in Nigeria.

4. Foods: There are different types of food in Nigeria. They vary from area to
area. Those in the southern part of Nigeria eat food made mostly from tubers
like fufu while the northerners eat food made from grains e.g. tuwo.

5. Dress pattern: People from different parts of the country have different mode
of dressing. Hausa man’s way of dressing is ‘babariga’ with a cap to match.

6. Housing: There are differences in the housing patterns of each ethnic group
and culture. These differences are brought by difference in vegetation and
weather, which are prevalent in the different regions.

7. Greetings: Style of greeting varies from culture to culture. Each ethnic tribe
has a unique way of greeting. These styles range from bending to kneeling
down in the case of the Igbo people; prostrating and kneeling in the case of
Yoruba people etc.

8. Occupation and products: The different types of vegetation and weather in

each region also determine the occupations and products of each ethic group.
This is why the riverine areas of Rivers, Bayelsa and Delta states are known
for their fishing and crude oil drilling etc.
 EVALUATION

List three cultural similarities / differences among Nigerian ethnic groups

ASSIGNMENT

Outline four different types of food eaten in different parts of Nigeria.

FOR FURTHER READING;

SIMPLIFIED BASIC SOCIAL STUDIES BASIC 7

R.A.YUSUF Page 28-35.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HYYnuqq6Zt4
 PERIOD 2

THE UNIQUENESS OF NIGERIA CULTURE

The uniqueness of Nigerian culture refers to certain peculiar traits that makes it to
stand out and not to have any equal.

THE TRAITS THAT MAKE NIGERIAN CULTURE UNIQUE

1. Extended family system: This is a feature of the Nigerian family system

throughout the country.

2. Conduct of marriage rites: The payment of bride price by the groom is a

common practice in all parts of Nigeria

3. Age-grade system: Age-grade system and secret societies were and are still
common phenomena in many Nigerian societies. They assist the
communities in various types of social and control and maintenance of
order.

4. Agriculture: All the people use similar work tools and methods in practicing
subsistence agriculture.

5. Respect for old age: Respect for elders is a common thing in all communities
in Nigeria. This is why it is the younger person that greets the older person
first.

6. Representation: Representation in a serious communal issue is made by

elderly people based on their age and wisdom and not money or wealth.

EVALUATION

1. List and explain five ways by which our culture is unique in Nigeria.

ASSIGNMENT

Read the next topic for week six.

FOR FURTHER READING;

SIMPLIFIED BASIC SOCIAL STUDIES BASIC 7

R.A.YUSUF Page 35-39.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MxKI-gHLuxE
 WEEK 6

SOCIALIZATION

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the students should

be able to

1. define socialization.

2. list the agents of socialization.

3. state the importance of socialization.

4. identify the effects of socialization.

TEACHING AIDS: Pictures and Videos

CONTENT

Socialization is the process of learning the culture (language, belief, values) skills,
ways of behavior etc. of one’s community or society. By learning the societal
norms and values, it becomes easy for him to interact meaningfully in the society
he lives.
It is a process by which the child is prepared to fit into the society in which he will
function and take up an occupation as an adult member.

Full membership of a society means living a useful life in that society and
effectively contributing to the development of the society.

TYPES OF SOCIALIZATION

a. Primary Socialization

b. Secondary Socialization

Primary Socialization: -This is when one is socialized through the help of older
persons. This is also known as childhood socialization. It takes place in the child’s
family.

Secondary Socialization: - This is when one is old enough to learn by himself.

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF SOCIALIZATION

1. Socialization teaches us to fear God and respect human beings.

2. It helps us to acquire basic skills and behaviour of life.

3. It helps us to live up to the accepted norms and values of the society.

4. It prepares and teaches individuals in the community, the roles expected of

them based on their status.

5. It helps us to learn from peer groups and institutions.

6. It prepares us to know and participate in the culture of the society.

7. It promotes peace, love and unity among members of the society.

8. It promotes the spirit of hard work in people

 THE PROCESS OF SOCIALIZATION

There four main processes through which individuals are socialized into their
community.

 Direct learning: -It is a conscious way of learning, whereby one is told what
to do, and how to do it. It could be formal or informal and is also known as
education. An example of formal education is schooling while that of
informal education is apprenticeship where a person learns a skill under a
master through a practical training. The child learns through teachings by a
parent, school teacher, Sunday school teacher, etc.

 Incidental learning: - This is also known as casual learning and it is when the
child learns from parents or age grades things that are not planned or
intended to occur. The child learns by playing with his mates in social places
different from classrooms. The child learns unknowingly the rules of
different games, learns also his physical environments like names of places,
trees, streams etc. The child learns as he plays around his neighborhood, the
geographical features, social aspects of the towns and villages around them
casually without formally being taught.

 Learning from Models: - This occurs when a child or a matured adult learns
by observing and imitating people around him/her. Children also learn from
models like parents, heroes, teachers, actors,etc. by imitating them in speech,
dresses etc.

 Role learning: - Since every person in a society has certain expectations

attached to him, a person learns a new role in the society once he assumes
such position. For instance, parental, religious, professional etc.

THE AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION

The agents of Socialization refer to the various places where socialization takes
place and the different teachers involved in the socialization process. These agents
of socialization are:

 The Family

 The School
  The Peer group/ Age group

 The Mass Media

 The Church/Mosque

 Voluntary Organization.

The family: This is the first agent of socialization a child comes in contact with.
The child learns morals, religion, belief, the food, language and greetings of the
people from the parents

The school: As the child grows, he joins the school where he spends most of his
time relating with other people under the guidance of the teacher. The child learns
skills and acquires technical knowledge that would help him survive in the society.
The teacher also teaches the child the right attributes and values, acceptable
behaviors, and role play which would make him acceptable in the society.

The peer group/age group: These are classmates, friends, and colleagues from
whom the child learns positive behaviors and attitudes. People in the same peer
group tend to have strong influence on dressing.

The mass media: The television, radio, phone, internet, newspapers, magazines
also play important roles in socialization. People learn what is happening around
them, and in other parts of the world. Foreign cultures are learnt, dance steps,
songs, and fashion are also learnt.

The church/mosque/shrine: Through teachings, these institutions help to

discourage people from bad behaviors and encourage good behaviors always.

Voluntary Organization: - These are organizations that provide free humanitarian

services such as Boys Scout, Red Cross etc.

THE EFFECTS OF SOCIALIZATION

 Communal spirit is developed through socialization.

  Integrity: Through socialization the spirit of moral upright is instilled in the
individual for his own good and for the good of the general public.

 Contentment: - The individual through socialization learns to be self-

satisfied with what he has and of the need to work hard, if one desire to get
more things.

 The socialized individual is given adequate information or knowledge about

the happenings within and outside his environment.

 Socialization makes one learn how to be helpful and to judge correctly or

fairly.

 It ensures the transmission of our culture from one generation to another.

 Discipline: - Through socialization, a sense of discipline is inculcated

especially through school, voluntary organization etc.

 Respect for one’s culture and others is an effect of socialization.

EVALUATION

 Define socialization.

 State three processes of socialization.

 List five agents of socialization.

 Highlight four effects of socialization.

ASSIGNMENT

Explain mass media as an agent of socialization.

FOR FURTHER READING;

SIMPLIFIED BASIC SOCIAL STUDIES BASIC 7

R.A.YUSUF Page 44-52.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IkGNsJw7TL0
 WEEK 7

FRIENDSHIP

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES:At the end of the lesson, the students should

be able to:

1.define friendship

2.state the factors that determines choice of friends

3.list the factors that could destroy friendship.

TEACHING AIDS: Power point presentation and Pictures

CONTENT

Friendship is a relationship of mutual affection between people. It is the state of

being friends or feelings that friends have for each other.

A friend is a person whom one knows well, likes and trust. It could be of either sex
or the same sex but does not lead to immorality.

The Types of Friendship

 Ordinary friendship: - This is a kind of friendship in which the two parties

don’t have so much power to influence their behaviour, decision or goal in
life.
 Intimate or best friend: - This type of friendship has the ability of greatly
influencing one’s decision, character and goal in life.

 Acquaintance: This is the kind of friendship that exist between anyone we

meet while carrying out a task, embarking on a journey or staying in a place
for a short time etc. that are not close friends.

FACTORS THAT DETERMINES CHOICE OF FRIENDS

1. Gender: - Some people prefer having the same gender as their close friends.

2. Age: - People of the same age bracket are likely to go into friendship.

3. Common character: - people tend to draw close to those with similar values
and friendship.

4. Common language, nationality or tribe.

5. Good personality and character

6. Common interest-: those who have the same interest have the tendency of
becoming friends, e.g. sports, profession.

FACTORS THAT COULD DESTROY FRIENDSHIP

 Gossip

 Disclosing confidential information e.g. exposing the secret of your

friends

 Bullying

 Bad influence of peer group

 Dishonesty

 Selfishness

 Suspicion

 Lack of respect for each other

 Misunderstanding
  Betrayal of trust

EVALUATION

1. Define friendship.

2. State four factors that determine the choice of friends.

ASSIGNMENT

List five factors that could destroy friendship.

FOR FURTHER READING;

SIMPLIFIED BASIC SOCIAL STUDIES BASIC 7

R.A.YUSUF Page 44-54.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gzSjuRjzhyo
 WEEK 8

QUALITIES OR BEHAVIOURS THAT ENHANCE FRIENDSHIP

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the students should

be able to:

1. state qualities and behaviors that enhance friendship

2. enumerate positive and negative peer pressure

TEACHING AIDS: Power point presentations, pictures, videos, sketches,

diagrams etc.

CONTENT

The following are qualities that enhance friendship:

 Forgiveness

 Trust

 Loyalty

 Abilities to keep confidence or secret

 Cooperation

 Honesty

 Shared interest

 Support during good and bad times

 Reliability

 Respect

 Understanding

 Affection

 Sympathy
  Good communication

 Straight forwardness

POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE PEER PRESSURE

Peer pressure refers to the strong influence of friendship on one another in decision
making.

POSITIVE PEER PRESSURE: - This is when someone’s peers influence them

to do something positive. Here are a few examples;

 Encouraging a friend to study harder to get good grades.

 To always tell the truth.

 Disapproving of gossip.

 Encouraging a friend to be respectful.

 Not to join bad gang

 To be of good behaviour at all the time etc.

NEGATIVE PEER PRESSURE: - This is when someone’s peers influence them

to do something bad. Here are some examples;

 Convincing a friend to skip school.

 Encouraging a friend to try drugs.

 Encouraging a friend to engage in pre-marital sex.

 Pushing a fellow student to smoke.

 Discouraging you from studying.

 Encouraging you to fight or bully someone.

WAYS OF IMPROVING FRIENDSHIP

  By being genuine.

 By being nice / practice active listening skills

 By having group activities and solving assignment together.

 Giving support in time of trouble.

 By being understanding.

 Don’t hold grudges.

 By keeping in touch with your friend.

 By apologizing when you are wrong.

 By being the kind of friend you want others to be to you.

EVALUATION

1. Give four examples of positive peer pressure

2. Mention three examples of negative peer pressure

ASSIGNMENT

List five ways of improving friendship.

FOR FURTHER READING;

SIMPLIFIED BASIC SOCIAL STUDIES BASIC 7

R.A.YUSUF Page 157-161.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bNzFPPMnF1Y
 WEEK 9

COMMON CRIMES AND CAUSES

INSRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the students should

be able to:

1. state the meaning of crime.

2. outline the causes of crime.

3. list the effects of crime.

TEACHING AIDS:Power point presentations,pictures, videos, sketches, diagrams

etc.

CONTENT

MEANING OF CRIME

Crime can be defined as any behaviour or any act, activity or event that is
considered to be against the morals or laws of the society which is punishable by
law.

Crime could be as a result of urbanization or development of cities, increase in

population, television etc.
 COMMON CRIMES

Hereare some examples of common crimes;

 Kidnapping

 Theft

 Rape

 Murder

 Examination malpractice

 Sales of contaminated food

 Dealing in fake drugs

 Child abuse

 Internet fraud

 Ritual killing

 Drug trafficking

THE CAUSES OF CRIME

The following are some causes of crime. They are;

 Poverty

 Unemployment

 Family neglect

 Low self-esteem, alcohol and drugs

 Peer group influence

 Bad Economy

 Influence of internet and television.

  Crave for Societal Recognition

 Corruption

 There is also proliferation of arms and ammunitions

 Inequality between the rich and the poor is also responsible for increase in
crime rate in the country.

THE EFFECTS OF CRIME IN THE SOCIETY

 Crime has adverse effects on economic development

 Crime can lead to dropping out of school, leading to illiteracy

 It can lead to insecurity in the country.

 It can lead to political instability.

 Crime may create a state of fear, panic and tension in the mind of the people.

 It may drive away foreign investors.

 Loss of live.

 Psychological effects – A crime like rape may cause serious psychological

effects on victim.

 It can bring shame and ridicule to the criminals and their families.

 A criminal loses credibility, dignity, and reputation in the society.

 It can lead to imprisonment of those found guilty.

PREVENTION OF CRIME

 Job opportunity

 Agricultural development

 Investing in rural communities

 Government must partner with the private sectors to promote internships,
graduate trainee programmes and community-based projects to create jobs.

 Cooperation among security agencies

 Need for international cooperation

 Poverty alleviation programmes

 Effective judicial system

 Social rehabilitation

 Need for re-orientation.

EVALUATION

(1) What is a crime?

(2) List four examples of common crimes.

(3)Outline four causes of common crimes.

ASSIGNMENT

State any five ways of preventing crimes.

FOR FURTHER READING;

SIMPLIFIED BASIC SOCIAL STUDIES BASIC 7

R.A.YUSUF Page 99-110

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cwln3ad7JGk

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