4/3/24, 12:57 PM Goh Cheng Leong Chapter 19 – Warm Temperate Western Mediterranean Climate YouTube Lecture Handouts- Examrace

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Goh Cheng Leong Chapter 19 – Warm Temperate Western Mediterranean Climate YouTube
Lecture Handouts
Get video tutorial on: Examrace YouTube Channel [https://www.youtube.com/c/Examrace]
Goh Cheng Leong Chapter 19: Warm Temperate Western Mediterranean Climate [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c9aUQFUQiN0]

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4/3/24, 12:57 PM Goh Cheng Leong Chapter 19 – Warm Temperate Western Mediterranean Climate YouTube Lecture Handouts- Examrace

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4/3/24, 12:57 PM Goh Cheng Leong Chapter 19 – Warm Temperate Western Mediterranean Climate YouTube Lecture Handouts- Examrace

Western area between

Shifting of wind belts
Winter rain climate
Dry Warm Summer with offshore trades
Trade winds are offshore – no rain
Air is dry – intense heat & RH is low
Interior – prolonged droughts
Night – Rapid radiation & frosts are rare
Rainfall in winter with on-shore Westerlies – rainfall in winter when Westerlies shift equatorward
N. Hemisphere – On-shore westerlies bring cyclonic rain
Heavy showers with bright sunny periods
Mountains act as barrier to onshore westerlies – Iberia, Meseta & Sierra – Portugal coast is wetter than E. Spain
Steep hills of eastern Adriatic – rainiest
Rain starts in Sept. , peak in Oct.
Can cause floods – Libson (1967)
Climate is transition b/w Trade wind hot desert (S) & Cool temperate maritime (N)

Local Winds
Sirocco- Hot, dry dusty wind – from Sahara – most frequent in spring – accompanied by depressions.
Chili – Tunisia
Ghibli – Libya
Leveche – Spain
Khamsin – Egypt & Malta
Gharbi – Adriatic & Aegean Sea – cause fog & rain – blood rain (red dust)
Mistral – Cold wind from north – down to Rhone valley (40 - 80 miles/hr) – funneling effect (b/w Alps & Central Massif)
Bora – cold northeasterly wind along Adriatic coast – difference in pressure b/w continental Europe and Mediterranean – occur in
winter
Tramontana – cold wind
Gregale – cold wind

Natural Vegetation
Trees with small broad leaves
Absence of shade
Growth slow in cooler & wetter season
Growth restricted to autumn and spring – good moisture & high temp.
Mediterranean evergreen – open woodlands – evergreen oaks (cork oak – Spain & Portugal- thick bark for wine-making bottle cork &
its export) . Australia – Eucalyptus, Jarrah & karri. California – giant sequoia or redwoods
Evergreen coniferous trees – pines, firs, cedar & cypress
Mediterranean bushes – low bush in scattered clump – laurel, lavender, rosemary. Scrub vegetation – scattered, stunted tree and tall
bushes –
Maquis – France
Macchia – Italy
Chaparral – California
Mallee Scrub – Australia
Limestone upland – thin soil – xerophytic ground creeper (garrigue)
Grass – slow growing, wiry, bunchy

Economic Development
Mediterranean shorelands – cradle of civilization
Orchard framing – citrus fruits – orange, lime, lemon, citron, grapefruit – long roots to draw water in summer droughts
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4/3/24, 12:57 PM Goh Cheng Leong Chapter 19 – Warm Temperate Western Mediterranean Climate YouTube Lecture Handouts- Examrace

Irrigation canals – Great Valley of California, Vale of Chile, Negev Desert of Israel
Sunkist oranges – squash – California
Seville oranges – marmalade – Spain
Jaffa oranges – Israel
Tangerine oranges – Tangiers
Mandarin oranges – China & Japan
70% orange export from Mediterranean
Olives – Hardy & long rooted – survive on poor limestone with scanty rainfall – versatile, species, oil, cooking, soap etc.
Nuts – chestnut, almond, walnut, hazelnut
Fruits – Peach, apricot, pear, plum, cherry, fig
Wheat – hard winter wheat – macaroni, spaghetti, vermicelli (sowing in autumn)
Barley – important cereal

Wine
Best from grapes – 85% grapes used for wine
Viticulture – wine production – 3⟋4th from Mediterranean region
Wine as national drink – Spain, Portugal, France & Italy
Wine cultivation – climate, soil, fermentation
Sherry – France
Port Wine – Portugal
Asti & Marsala – Italy
Champagne in Paris (France)
Bordeaux in Garonne (France)
Burgundy in Rhone-Saone Valley (France)

Dried Grapes
Currants – Levantine grapes
Raisins – California
Sultanas – Asia Minor
Also known for fruit canning, flour milling & food processing
✍ Manishika

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