Mark Scheme (Results)

Summer 2019

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE

Biology (4BI1) Paper 1B
Edexcel and BTEC Qualifications

Edexcel and BTEC qualifications are awarded by Pearson, the UK’s largest awarding
body. We provide a wide range of qualifications including academic, vocational,
occupational and specific programmes for employers. For further information visit our
qualifications websites at www.edexcel.com or www.btec.co.uk. Alternatively, you can
get in touch with us using the details on our contact us page at
www.edexcel.com/contactus.

Pearson: helping people progress, everywhere

Pearson aspires to be the world’s leading learning company. Our aim is to help
everyone progress in their lives through education. We believe in every kind of
learning, for all kinds of people, wherever they are in the world. We’ve been involved in
education for over 150 years, and by working across 70 countries, in 100 languages,
we have built an international reputation for our commitment to high standards and
raising achievement through innovation in education. Find out more about how we can
help you and your students at: www.pearson.com/uk

Summer 2019
Publications Code 4BI1_1B_msc_20190822
All the material in this publication is copyright
© Pearson Education Ltd 2019
General Marking Guidance

 All candidates must receive the same treatment.

Examiners must mark the first candidate in exactly
the same way as they mark the last.
 Mark schemes should be applied positively.
Candidates must be rewarded for what they have
shown they can do rather than penalised for
omissions.
 Examiners should mark according to the mark
scheme not according to their perception of where
the grade boundaries may lie.
 There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on
the mark scheme should be used appropriately.
 All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to
be awarded. Examiners should always award full
marks if deserved, i.e. if the answer matches the
mark scheme. Examiners should also be prepared
to award zero marks if the candidate’s response is
not worthy of credit according to the mark scheme.
 Where some judgement is required, mark schemes
will provide the principles by which marks will be
awarded and exemplification may be limited.
 When examiners are in doubt regarding the
application of the mark scheme to a candidate’s
response, the team leader must be consulted.
 Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the
candidate has replaced it with an alternative
response.
Question Answer Mark
Number
1(a) 4

Letter Name
A vacuole (1)
B nucleus (1)
C cell wall (1)
D cell membrane (1)

Question Answer Additional Mark

Number guidance
1(b) (i) C 1
C/A A
C and A
A and C

Question Answer Additional Mark

Number guidance
1 (b)(ii) An explanation that makes reference to three of 3
the following:

 photosynthesis (1)

 (sun)light (1)

 many in palisade (1)

 few in spongy / few in guard (cells) (1)

 none in upper epidermis / root (cells) (1)

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

Number
1 (c) An answer that makes reference to Ignore makes protein 1
one of the following: / produces protein

 protein synthesis (1)

 translation (1)

Total 9 marks
Question Answer Mark
Number
2(a) The only correct answer is 1

A it is digested into amino acids

B is not correct as its surface area is not increased by bile

C is not correct as its pH is not raised by hydrochloric acid

D is not correct as it is not absorbed by villi

Question Answer Additional Mark

Number guidance
2(b) Ignore 3
Component Function egestion

lipid store of energy Helps

digestion
vitamin D bone / teeth / calcium absorption and
/ prevent rickets (1) prevents
constipation
iron haemoglobin / red blood cells (1) =1

fibre peristalsis / move food / prevent

constipation (1)

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

Number
2(c)(i) 2
20% of 1250 = 250 Award full marks for correct
numerical answer without
250 ÷ 50 = 5 (2) working

Allow one mark for 250 in

working
Question Answer Mark
Number
2(c)(ii) An answer that makes reference to six of the following points: 6

 GM salmon grow more / heavier / longer / larger / Mp1

more mass / grow faster / eq (1) Allow
converse
 (more) protein provided (1)

 only need protein in correct amount /

only need sufficient protein / only need 50g /
too much protein / excess protein / eq (1)

 balanced diet also needs vitamins / carbohydrate / lipid /

minerals / fibre / no idea of other named component in
salmon (1)

 one salmon used / not repeated/ should use several fish

(1)

 (data) not reliable / result may be anomalous (1)

 no information on food supply to salmon /

temperature / oxygen / pollution (1)

 protein need depends on age / sex / activity / eq (1)

Question Answer Additional Mark

Number guidance
2(d) An answer that makes reference to the following 3
points:

 gene / allele (1)

 restriction / endonuclease (1) Allow

restrictive
 ligase (1)

Total 15 marks
Question Answer Mark
Number
3(a) 3
number of organisms 8

number of producers 1 / one

number of primary consumers 2 / two

number of food chains 10 / ten

Question Answer Additional Mark

Number guidance
3(b) An explanation that makes reference to the 4
following points:

 respiration / movement / heat loss (1) Mp1 Ignore

exercise /
metabolism
 egested / undigested / faeces /
not absorbed / not assimilated (1)

 excreted / urine / urea (1) Mp3 excreted

from the digestive
system = 0

 uneaten (1)

 death / decomposition (1)

Question Answer Additional Mark
Number guidance
3 (c) An answer that makes reference to four of the following Allow 4
points: converse
for Mps
 variation / variety / varied (1) 3, 4 and
5
 mutation (1)

 longer beak means more worms/food /

longer beak can reach deeper for worms/food
(1)

 survival and reproduction / breeding / offspring

(1)

 pass on gene / allele / DNA (1) mutation

passed
on = 1

Total 11 marks
Question Answer Additional Mark
Number guidance
4(a) An explanation that makes reference to the following 3
points:

 moves up / increases (1)

 water enters /
water passes through membrane (1)

 sucrose is a concentrated solution / Mp3 Allow

sucrose has a low(er) water potential / high conc. to
high water potential to low water potential / low conc. of
down a water potential gradient / water / down
dilute to concentrated (1) water conc
gradient

Question Answer Mark

Number
4(b) An explanation that makes reference to the following points: 3

 use water bath / use Bunsen (1)

 use scale / measurements (on tube)/ ruler /

(use pen to) mark tube (1)

 use clock / timer / stopwatch (1)

Total 6 marks
Question Answer Mark
Number
5(a) The only correct answer is 1

D starch

A is not correct as glucose is not the large insoluble molecule

B is not correct as lipid is not the large insoluble molecule

C is not correct as protein is not the large insoluble molecule

Question Answer Mark

Number
5(b)(i) An answer that makes reference to two of the following 2
points:

 reset (the coloured water) / eq (1)

 repeat readings / reliable results / more results (1)

 allow oxygen in / (aerobic) respiration /

prevent anaerobic respiration (1)

Question Answer Mark

Number
5(b)(ii) The only correct answer is 1

A absorbs carbon dioxide

B is not correct as it does not absorb oxygen

C is not correct as it does not release carbon dioxide

D is not correct as it does not release oxygen

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark
Number
5(b)(iii) 3
 multiply by length Award full marks for correct
numerical answer without
 determine volume working

 correct answer 3.142 x 0.05 x 0.05 =

0.007855

× 0.6 = 0.0047(13) /
0.0047(13) / 4.7(13) × 10-3
4.7(13) × 10-3 (3)
Allow one mark for
× 6.0 / × 0.6 in working

Allow two marks for

4.7 / 47 / 0.47 in working

Allow three marks for

4.7 mm3

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

Number
5(c)(i) 2
 oxygen absorbed at 22 Award full marks for correct
and 12 numerical answer without
working
 calculation of percentage
increase rate at 22 = 1.6 ÷ 20 = 0.08
and
rate at 12 = 0.8 ÷ 20 = 0.04
100 (2)
percentage increase =
(0.08 - 0.04) ÷ 0.04 × 100
= 100(%)

Or

1.6 – 0.8 ÷ 0.8 × 100

= 100(%)

One mark for 0.08 and 0.04

or 1.6 and 0.8 in working
Question Answer Additional Mark
Number guidance
5(c)(ii) An answer that makes reference to two of the Allow 2
following points: converse

 (more) respiration (1)

 enzymes (1)

 (more)(kinetic) energy / collisions /

enzyme substrate complexes / move faster /
eq (1)

Total 11 marks
Question Answer Additional Mark
Number guidance
6(a)(i) fertilisation / fertilise / Ignore 1
fuse with egg / join with egg / combine with egg meet
with egg

Question Answer Additional Mark

Number guidance
6(a)(ii) An answer that makes reference to two of the Ignore 2
following points: genes /
alleles
 nucleus (1)

 chromosomes (1)

 haploid number (1)

 DNA (1)

 acrosome (1)

Question Answer Mark

Number
6(a)(iii) An explanation that makes reference to the following points: 2

 (aerobic) respiration / energy / ATP (1)

 movement / swimming (of sperm / of tail) (1)

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

Number
6(b)(i) 2
Award full marks for correct
 select 24.8% from numerical answer without
table and convert to working
0.248

 calculate 24.8% of 58
million

14 384 000 / One mark for

14 400 000 / 0.248 x 58 million /
1.4 x 107 24.8 ÷ 100 x 58 million
1.44 x 107
6
14.384 x 10 /
1.4384 x 107 / eq (2)
Question Answer Mark
Number
6(b)(ii) An explanation that makes reference to five of the following 5
points:

Arguments for:

 nicotine reduces normal/undamaged cells /

nicotine increases damaged cells (1)

 less (chance of) fertilisation / eq (1)

 rats are similar to humans / rats are mammals / eq (1)

Arguments against:

 there are normal/undamaged sperm cells in nicotine

samples /
there are damaged cells with no nicotine (1)

 investigation on rats (not humans) / eq (1)

 rats were not smoking / small range(of concentrations)

/ no idea of nicotine concentration in cigarettes / eq
(1)

 not repeated / no idea of number of rats / not reliable

(1)

Total 12 marks
Question Answer Additional Mark
Number guidance
7 (a) (i) An answer that makes reference to two of the Ignore 2
following: amount /
concentration
 volume / 5cm3 of fruit juice (1) / mass

 volume / 5cm3 of Benedict’s (1)

 temperature / use 70C (1)

 time / for 3 minutes (1)

Question Answer Additional Mark

Number guidance
7 (a) (ii) 2
B C D A (2) BDCA=1

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

Number
7 (a)(iii) An explanation that makes reference to 3
three of the following:

 use 5cm3 / same volume of each use the original/

(sugar) solution and use 5cm3 / same method alone
same volume of Benedict’s (1) = 1 only if mp1 or
mp2 are not
 heat at same temperature and for awarded
3 minutes /
heat at 70oC and for 3 minutes (1)

 match / compare colour of sugar

solutions with fruit juices / eq (1)

Question Answer Additional Mark

Number guidance
7 (b) (i) An answer that makes reference to two 2
of the following:

 (sugar) provides energy (1) Mp1 Ignore food

 respiration (in bacteria) (1)

 produce acid / low(ers) pH (1)

Question Answer Additional Mark
Number guidance
7 (b) (ii) An explanation that makes reference to two of 2
the following: Only credit 1
health risk
 develop obesity / overweight (1)
Can only earn 2
 sugar provides energy / joules / marks if risk and
calories (1) explanation are
or linked (from
 (type 2) diabetes (1) same pair)

 increase in blood glucose/sugar / Mp4 Ignore not

insulin no longer works (1) enough insulin
or
 CVD / heart disease / stroke (1)

 sugar converted to fat / fat deposits in

arteries (1)

Total 11 marks
Question Answer Additional Mark
Number guidance
8(a)(i) A graph that makes reference to the following points: 6

 S scales linear and at least half page (1) Allow

truncated
y axis
 L straight lines joining points (1)
Bar graph
 A1 axes the correct way around loses S
(time on x axis) (1) and L

 A2 axis labelled ’minutes’ and

‘breaths per minute’ / ‘BPM’ (1)

 P points plotted correctly within one square (1)

 K indicates (person) P and (person) Q (1)

Question Answer Mark

Number
8(a)(ii) An explanation that makes reference to three of the following 3
points:

 increases (1)

 oxygen for respiration / aerobic respiration (1)

 muscle (1)

 remove carbon dioxide (1)

Question Answer Mark

Number
8(a)(iii) An explanation that makes reference to two of the following 2
points:

 (remove) lactic acid (1)

 anaerobic respiration (1)

 oxygen debt / EPOC /

excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (1)
Question Answer Mark
Number
8(b) An answer that makes reference to four of the 4
following points:

(P may be fitter):

 P has lower breathing rate at rest /

Q has higher breathing rate at rest (1)

 P drops more (after exercise) /

Q drops less (after exercise)/
P recovers faster (after exercise)/
Q recovers slower (after exercise) (1)

(P may not be fitter):

 both return to normal in same time /

both return to normal by 30 minutes (1)

 P breathing rate higher /Q breathing rate lower/

P increase more than Q /Q increase less than P
(1)

(Design):

 no data on age / sex / mass / lung size (1)

 may have lung disease / asthma / smoke /

drugs / medication / altitude training /
nervousness / adrenaline / eq (1)

 no data on exercise intensity

/type/amount/hardness/
only one measure of fitness /
no information on heart rate (1)

 not repeated / only tested once / eq (1)

Total 15 marks
Question Answer Additional Mark
Number guidance
9(a) A description that makes reference to three of 3
the following points:

 binds with haemoglobin / Less

forms carboxyhaemoglobin (1) oxyhaemoglobin
=2
 (less) oxygen (1)

 (less) respiration (1)

 fatal / death / less growth / suffocation (1)

Question Answer Mark

Number
9(b) An explanation that makes reference to six of the following 6
points:

 pathogenic bacteria / cause disease (1)

 urea / urine / nitrogenous waste / nitrate / phosphate (1)

 decomposition / decomposed / decomposers (ONCE) (1)

 eutrophication / plant growth / algae growth (1)

 (plants) block light / prevents photosynthesis (1)

 respiration (ONCE) (1)

 (less) oxygen (1)

 death of organisms (ONCE) / reduce biodiversity / eq (1)

Total 9 marks
Question Answer Mark
Number
10(a)(i) The only correct answer is 1

B oestrogen

A is not correct as it is not adrenaline

C is not correct as it is not progesterone

D is not correct as it is not testosterone

Question Answer Mark

Number
10(a)(ii) The only correct answer is 1

A adrenaline

B is not correct as it is not insulin

C is not correct as it is not progesterone

D is not correct as it is not testosterone

Question Answer Mark

Number
10(a)(iii) The only correct answer is 1

C they are transported in the plasma

A is not correct as they do not always produce short term

changes

B is not correct as they are not carried by neurones

D is not correct as they do not always produce a rapid

response

Question Answer Mark

Number
10(b) An answer that makes reference to two of the following points: 2

 auxin transported in xylem / phloem / Allow

auxin not transported in blood / plasma (1) converse
for Mp1
 auxin produced in tips / eq and Mp2
auxin not from endocrine / glands / organs (1)

 auxin has different effect on roots and shoots / eq (1)

Question Answer Additional Mark
Number guidance
10(c) A description that makes reference to six of the following 6
points:

 C change / different concentrations of growth Auxin and

substances (1) no auxin
=0

 O same species / same plant / same type of plant/

named plant / same age / same size / eq (1)

 R repeat (1)

 M1 count number of roots / length of roots / M1 Ignore

measure roots with ruler / eq (1) mass

 M2 stated time period of one day plus (1)

 S1 same (control) temperature / oxygen / light /

carbon dioxide (1)

 S2 same compost / water / humidity / soil / S2 Ignore

mineral ions / named mineral ion / nutrients
same volume of plant growth substance (1)

Total 11 marks
Mark Scheme (Results)
January 2020

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE in

Biology (4BI1)
Paper 1B
Edexcel and BTEC Qualifications

Edexcel and BTEC qualifications are awarded by Pearson, the UK’s largest awarding
body. We provide a wide range of qualifications including academic, vocational,
occupational and specific programmes for employers. For further information visit our
qualifications websites at www.edexcel.com or www.btec.co.uk. Alternatively, you can
get in touch with us using the details on our contact us page at
www.edexcel.com/contactus.

Pearson: helping people progress, everywhere

Pearson aspires to be the world’s leading learning company. Our aim is to help
everyone progress in their lives through education. We believe in every kind of
learning, for all kinds of people, wherever they are in the world. We’ve been involved in
education for over 150 years, and by working across 70 countries, in 100 languages,
we have built an international reputation for our commitment to high standards and
raising achievement through innovation in education. Find out more about how we can
help you and your students at: www.pearson.com/uk

January 2020
Publications Code 4BI1_1B_msc_2020305
All the material in this publication is copyright
© Pearson Education Ltd 2020
General Marking Guidance

• All candidates must receive the same treatment.

Examiners must mark the first candidate in exactly
the same way as they mark the last.
• Mark schemes should be applied positively.
Candidates must be rewarded for what they have
shown they can do rather than penalised for
omissions.
• Examiners should mark according to the mark
scheme not according to their perception of where
the grade boundaries may lie.
• There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on
the mark scheme should be used appropriately.
• All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to
be awarded. Examiners should always award full
marks if deserved, i.e. if the answer matches the
mark scheme. Examiners should also be prepared
to award zero marks if the candidate’s response is
not worthy of credit according to the mark scheme.
• Where some judgement is required, mark schemes
will provide the principles by which marks will be
awarded and exemplification may be limited.
• When examiners are in doubt regarding the
application of the mark scheme to a candidate’s
response, the team leader must be consulted.
• Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the
candidate has replaced it with an alternative
response.
Question Answer Mark
Number
1(a)(i) The only correct answer is B as there are three producers in
the web

A is incorrect as there is not one producer in web

C is incorrect as there are not four producers in web

D is incorrect as there are not nine producers in web

1

Question Answer Mark

Number
1(a)(ii) The only correct answer is C as there are four secondary
consumers in the web

A is incorrect as there is not one secondary consumer in the

web

B is incorrect as there are not three secondary consumers in

the web

D is incorrect as there are not seven secondary consumers in

the web
1

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

Number
1(b)(i)
• (eye) sight / vision / seeing / Allow any word that
visual / optic / eq (1) implies vision
no credit for retina /
eyes
No credit for sight
and smell 1

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

Number
1(b)(ii)
• 530 ÷ 30.0 award full marks for correct
numerical answer without
• 18 / 17.7 / 17.67 working
17.6(recurring)
also allow any version of
17.667 17.6667 etc

one mark for 530 ÷ 30.0 or

2
17.6
Question Answer Mark
Number
1(c) An explanation that makes reference to two of the following
points:

• anaerobic respiration (1)

• provide energy / ATP (1)

• less / need more/ without oxygen (1) 2

Total = 7 marks
Question Answer Additional guidance Mark
Number
2(a) An answer that makes reference to three of allow converse for
the following: prokaryotes

• have nucleus (1) prokaryotes have a

nucleoid

• have organelles / mitochondria /

chloroplasts eq (1)

• have chromosomes / more than one prokaryotes have

chromosome (1) circular chromosome /
loop of DNA

• lack plasmids (1)

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

Number
2(b) An answer that makes reference to allow other examples
suitable organism and matched disease:
e.g. amoeba and
• plasmodium (1) dysentery

• malaria (1) Trypanosoma and

sleeping sickness

must be matched

so amoeba with malaria

scores 1

malaria plasmodium
wrong way round scores 1
2

Total = 5 marks
Question Answer additional Mark
Number guidance
3(a) A description that makes reference to three of
the following points:

• crush / grind nut /eq (1) if add oil -1 to

score
• ethanol / Sudan III (1)
• add water (1)
• white / emulsion / red (layer)
(1) 3

Question Answer Additional Mark

Number guidance
3(b)(i) An explanation that makes reference to two of ignore ref to
the following points: prevent cancer
• peristalsis (1) ignore helps
• move food along intestine / digestion
prevent constipation / helps
bowel movement / eq (1)
• undigested material /
indigestible / cellulose (1) 2

Question Answer Additional Mark

Number guidance
3(b)(ii) An explanation that makes reference the
following points:

• (nut A) has more iron/protein (1) iron for

• (more) haemoglobin (1) haemoglobin
scores 1 2
Question Answer Additional guidance Mark
Number
3(b)(iii)
• 16.7 x 10-2 = 0.167 award full marks for correct
numerical answer without
• x 28 = 4.68 working

allow 4.676 allow 4.7 should be 3 sig figs

allow one mark for 0.167 or

one mark for x 28
one mark for any version 4676
or 47 or 468 2

Question Answer Mark

Number
3(c) An explanation that makes reference to five of the following
points:

• more foxes (to eat squirrels) / increased

predation (1)
• foxes eat nuts (so less food) (1)
• fewer trees (1)
• other species enter woods and feed on nuts /eq
(1)
• other predators entered woodland (1)
• disease / infection (1)
• migration / eq (1)
• time of year when numbers counted (1)
• cold weather / lower temperature (1)
• fox increase is more than tree decrease (1)
• human impact / hunting (by humans) / eq (1)
5

Total = 14 marks
Question Answer Additional guidance Mark
Number
4(a) (i) • (substance that) speeds up Allow correct
(chemical) reactions (1) reference to
activation energy
Ignore catalyses 1

Question Answer Mark

Number
4(a) (ii) • (chemical) reactions / processes in cells / cytoplasm / body
/organisms (1)
1

Question Answer additional Mark

Number guidance
4(b) (i) An answer that includes:

• scale linear and half of grid (1)

• lines drawn neatly between points (1) lose L if

extrapolated
• axis correct way around (1)
bar charts lose L
• points correctly plotted (1)

• axes labelled with (concentration in)

number of discs (of potato) and
oxygen (production) in cm3 min -1 or
cm3 per min (1)
5
Question Answer Additional Mark
Number guidance
4(b) (ii) An explanation that makes reference to the
following points:

• as enzyme concentration increases

so does oxygen production / rate / it
increases / eq (1)

• up to 8 (discs) / 8.2 (cm3 min-1) / must give value

levels off after / from 8 (discs) / 8.2 for discs or rate
(cm3 min-1) / eq (1)

• more enzyme (molecules) available Ignore faster

to react with / break down hydrogen collisions
peroxide / substrate / form enzyme
substrate complexes / more
collisions / eq (1)

• until all substrate molecules /

hydrogen peroxide are combined
with enzyme molecules / substrate
limiting (1) 3

Question Answer Mark

Number
4(b) (iii)
• use (gas) syringe / (inverted) measuring cylinder / eq (1)
1

Question Answer additional guidance Mark

Number
4(b) (iv) An explanation that makes
reference to the following points:

• only one variable is allow make it a fair test

changed / one allow so that they are
independent variable / controlled
control variable / carry out
valid experiment / produce
accurate results / eq (1)

• these (also) affect / 2

change the rate (1)
Question Answer additional guidance Mark
Number
4(b) (v)
• temperature / pH / type / eq of ignore time
potato / eq (1) 1

Total = 14 marks
Question Answer Mark
Number
5(a) (i) An explanation that makes reference to two the following points:

• as temperature increases so does (rate of) photosynthesis (1)

• increased (kinetic) energy (of molecules) / molecules move

faster / more collisions (1)

• optimum temperature for enzymes (1)

• more glucose / starch / sugar / carbohydrate / eq produced

(1) 2

Question Answer Mark

Number
5(a) An explanation that makes reference to two the following points:
(ii)
• it releases CO2 (1)

• CO2 a reactant / used in / needed in / for photosynthesis / eq

(1)

• as CO2 is limiting factor (1) 2

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

Number
5(b) (i) An explanation that makes reference to the Allow other minerals
following points: and their function

• nitrate ignore nitrogen

• for amino acids / proteins (1)

eg phosphate
• magnesium
for ATP / DNA
• for chlorophyll for chloroplasts (1)
can only gain
function if mineral is
correct
2
Question Answer Mark
Number
5(b) (ii) An answer that makes reference to five of the following points:

• increased soil concentration reduces water potential of soil (1)

• prevents water uptake / absorption by osmosis / causes water

loss (1)

• so plant wilts / eq (1)

• damaging effect of leaching / escaping / washing into rivers

lakes / eq (1)

• causes eutrophication (1)

• leads to algal bloom/ plant growth in river / lake / eq (1)

• loss of aquatic life / fish / water plants die /eq;

• (may prefer to) use natural fertiliser / manure (1)

• can produce organic earn more money (1)

• other factors limit growth / there is excess fertiliser / not all

fertiliser is used (1) 5

Total = 11 marks
Question Answer additional Mark
Number guidance
6(a) An explanation that makes reference to four of
the following points:

• neutralise acid (from stomach) (1) ignore makes

alakaline /
• optimum pH for enzymes (1) increases pH

• emulsify fat / lipid (1)

• small droplets / eq (1)

• increase surface area (1) 4

Question Answer Mark

Number
6(b) Only B is correct as there is 1 blood vessel that transports
deoxygenated blood from the liver

A is incorrect as there are not 0 blood vessels that transports

deoxygenated blood from the liver

C is incorrect as there are not 2 blood vessels that transports

deoxygenated blood from the liver

D is incorrect as there are not 3 blood vessels that transports

deoxygenated blood from the liver
1

Question Answer Mark

Number
6(c)(i) An explanation that makes reference three of the following
points:
• glucose absorbed / taken in / stored / removed from
blood (1)

• insulin (1)

• (glucose to) glycogen (1)

3
• lowers blood glucose in hepatic vein / leaving liver (1)
Question Answer Additional Mark
Number Guidance
6(c)(ii) An explanation that makes reference two of
the following points:

• less food in gut / not eaten in a while /

less absorption of glucose by gut / less
glucose coming from small intestine /
eq (1)

• no insulin (released) (1) Allow glucagon

released
• glycogen to glucose (1)

• glucose released from liver/eq (1)

2

Total = 10 marks
Question Answer Mark
Number
7(a)
Only A is correct as both are heterozygous

B is incorrect as both are not homozygous

C is incorrect as both do not have long wings

D is incorrect as one is not heterozygous and one

homozygous 1

Question Answer Mark

Number
7(b)(i) An answer that makes reference to the following points:

• female gamete(s) as X (1)

• offspring as XX and XY (1)

X Y

X XX XY

X XX XY

This also scores 2

2
Question Answer Mark
Number
7(b)(ii) An explanation that makes reference to the following points:

• random / role of chance / eq (1)

• fertilisation / eq (1)

• fewer Y sperm / more X sperm / Y sperm die / X sperm 2

swim better / eq (1)

Question Answer additional Mark

Number guidance
7(c) An answer that makes reference to six of the
following points:

• C uses (rotting) apples and bananas (1)

• O uses same flies / species / age /sex (1)

• R uses several apples and bananas / repeat

(1)

• M1 counts / record number of flies / eq (1)

• M2 measures after a stated period of time (1) not time

to reach
fruit

• S1 controls age / number / mass / size of

fruit / state of decomposition / no other fruit
present / eq (1)

• S2 controls temperature / light / oxygen /

distance from fruit / size of room /container
release same number of flies / eq (1) 6

Total = 11 marks
Question Answer Mark
Number
8(a) (i)
Only B is correct as this transports amino acids

A is incorrect as this does not transport amino acids

C is incorrect as this does not transport amino acids

D is incorrect as this does not transport amino acids 1

Question Answer Mark

Number
8(a) (ii)
Only C is correct as this absorbs most sunlight

A is incorrect as this does not absorb most sunlight

B is incorrect as this does not absorb most sunlight

D is incorrect as this does not absorb most sunlight 1

Question Answer Mark

Number
8(a) (iii)
Only C is correct as this transports the products of
photosynthesis

A is incorrect as it does not transport the products of

photosynthesis

B is incorrect as it does not transport the products of

photosynthesis

D is incorrect as it does not transport the products of

photosynthesis 1
Question Answer Mark
Number
8(a)(iv)
Only A is correct as it reduces water loss

B is incorrect as it does not reduce water loss

C is incorrect as it does not reduce water loss

D is incorrect as it does not reduce water loss

1

Question Answer Additional Mark

Number guidance
8(b) An explanation that makes reference to Adaptation and
four of the following points: reason needed
for each mark

• R / palisade are near top / surface to Need only

absorb as much light as possible / eq mention absorb
(1) light once

• R / palisade contain many / eq must indicate

chloroplasts / lots of chlorophyll to many / eq
absorb as much light as possible / eq
(1)

• R / palisade / are densely packed/

rectangular / long / arranged
vertically to absorb as much light as
possible / eq (1)

• T / spongy are near bottom of leaf /

stomata for absorption of CO2 (1)

• T / spongy are less densely packed /

have air spaces/ gaps for diffusion /
gas exchange / gas movement /eq
(1) 4
Question Answer Additional guidance Mark
Number
8(c)
• measure leaf = 29 Allow 1 mark for 29-33 (mm)
(mm) / 2.9 (cm) or 2.9 (cm) to 3.3 (cm)

• 29 ÷ 100 = 0.29 mm Allow 1 mark for dividing by

100

Allow two marks for correct

answer
Allow range from 0.29 mm to 2
0.33 mm

Question Answer Mark

Number
8(d) An answer that makes reference to two the following points:

• lower surface in water / upper in air / stomata would

be in water / eq (1)

• (stomata) able to absorb CO2 / gases (by diffusion) /

allows gas exchange (1)

• (stomata) able to lose water (by transpiration /

evaporation) / to allow transpiration (1) 2

Total = 12 marks
Question Answer Mark
Number
9(a) An explanation that makes reference to three of the following
points:

• antibodies (1)

• specific (1)

• antigens / foreign / invading cells/ bacteria / virus

/pathogen / eq (1)

• attach to / clump / kill / destroy pathogens / make 3

memory cells (1)

Question Answer Mark

Number
9(b) An explanation that makes reference to the following points:

• killed / destroyed (1)

• digested / broken down (1)

• by enzymes / named enzyme (1)

• products absorbed (by phagocyte) (1) 3

Question Answer Mark

Number
9(c)(i)
Only A is correct as 85 per hour is the rate of ingestion of
bacteria in the control

B is incorrect as the rate is not this per hour

C is incorrect as the rate is not this per hour

1
D is incorrect as the rate is not this per hour

Question Answer Mark

Number
9(c)(ii) 1
• concentration of vitamin C
Question Answer Additional Mark
Number guidance
9(c)(iii) An answer that makes reference to two of the mark as list
following points:

• number / amount / concentration / Allow same

volume / type of / size of phagocytes (1) phagocytes

• number / amount / concentration of

bacteria (1)

• species of bacteria / type / culture of Ignore

bacteria / no other bacteria / aseptic number of
environment / sterilise test tubes / eq bacteria
(1) ingested 2

Question Answer Additional Mark

Number Guidance
9(c)(iv) An explanation that makes reference to the following
points:

• vitamin C increases ingestion (by phagocytes) /

digested / killed / removed (1)

• only done once / not reliable / not repeated (1)

• done in vitro / in test tube / not in human /

body (1)

• need to test with other bacteria / bacteria that

are pathogenic / may not work with other
bacteria / species (1)

• not all pathogens are bacteria / some

pathogens are virus /eq (1)

• not done at 37oC / not done at body temp / eq Ignore

(1) done at 4
35 oC

Total = 14 marks
Question Answer Mark
Number
10(a)(i)
• A stigma (1)

• B style (1)

• C ovary (1)
3

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

Number
10(a)(ii) An answer that makes reference to
the following points:

• tube going down style (1)

• tube entering the micropyle

(1)

Reject arrows pointing 2

upwards

Question Answer additional guidance Mark

Number
10(a)(iii) A description that makes reference
to two of the following points:

• ovule becomes seed (1) Ignore ovum

• ovule wall becomes seed coat

/ testa (1)

• ovary becomes fruit (1) 2

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark
Number
10(b)(i)
• 476 - 432 award full marks for correct
numerical answer without
• 44 ÷ 432 × 100 = working

Allow one mark for 44

• allow 10.2 / 10.19
/10.185/ 10.1852/ 2
10.18519

Question Answer additional Mark

Number guidance
10(b)(ii) An answer that makes reference to two of the
following points:

• in warm (and wet) conditions there are more Allow

fungi / bacteria/ microbes / eq (1) converse
for wet
• so seeds are diseased or contents digested / and cold
consumed / seeds killed (by fungi /bacteria
/microbes / eq) / eq (1)

• enzymes are activated in storage (1)

• seeds have (already) started to germinate in

storage (1) 2

Question Answer additional Mark

Number guidance
10(b)(iii) A description that makes reference to one the
following:

• (seed / testa) split / eq(1)

• radicle / root (is seen) (1)

• plumule / shoot (is seen)/ eq (1)

• sprouts (1) 1

Total = 12 marks
Mark Scheme (Results)

November 2020

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE

In Biology (4BI1) Paper 1B
Edexcel and BTEC Qualifications

Edexcel and BTEC qualifications are awarded by Pearson, the UK’s largest awarding body. We
provide a wide range of qualifications including academic, vocational, occupational and specific
programmes for employers. For further information visit our qualifications websites at
www.edexcel.com or www.btec.co.uk. Alternatively, you can get in touch with us using the
details on our contact us page at www.edexcel.com/contactus.

Pearson: helping people progress, everywhere

Pearson aspires to be the world’s leading learning company. Our aim is to help everyone
progress in their lives through education. We believe in every kind of learning, for all kinds of
people, wherever they are in the world. We’ve been involved in education for over 150 years,
and by working across 70 countries, in 100 languages, we have built an international reputation
for our commitment to high standards and raising achievement through innovation in
education. Find out more about how we can help you and your students at:
www.pearson.com/uk

Autumn 2020
Publications Code 4BI1_1B_2011_MS
All the material in this publication is copyright
© Pearson Education Ltd 2020
General Marking Guidance

• All candidates must receive the same

treatment. Examiners must mark the first candidate in
exactly the same way as they mark the last.
• Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates
must be rewarded for what they have shown they can do
rather than penalised for omissions.
• Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme
not according to their perception of where the grade
boundaries may lie.
• There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark
scheme should be used appropriately.
• All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be
awarded. Examiners should always award full marks if
deserved, i.e. if the answer matches the mark
scheme. Examiners should also be prepared to award
zero marks if the candidate’s response is not worthy of
credit according to the mark scheme.
• Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will
provide the principles by which marks will be awarded
and exemplification may be limited.
• When examiners are in doubt regarding the application
of the mark scheme to a candidate’s response, the team
leader must be consulted.
• Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the
candidate has replaced it with an alternative response.
Question Answer Mark
Number
1(a)(i) 1
C cytoplasm comp

A is not correct as cellulose is not found in the

bacterium

B is not correct as chitin is not found in the

bacterium

D is not correct as a nucleus is not found in the

bacterium

Question Answer Mark

Number
1(a)(ii) 1
C 7 comp

A is not correct because 1 is not neutral pH

B is not correct because 2 is not neutral pH

D is not correct because 12 is not neutral pH

Question Answer additional Mark

Number guidance
1(a)(iii) An explanation that makes reference the 4
following points: exp

• mutation (1)

• variation (1)

• survive (1)

• reproduce / breed / offspring (1)

• pass on allele / gene (1)

Question Answer Mark
Number
1(b) An answer that makes reference the following 2
points: grad

• probiotic / cranberry / both / treatments

(better than control) reduce (bacteria)
/eq(1)

• more reduction if taken together / eq (1)

• cranberry (alone) reduces more than
probiotic (alone) / eq(1)

Total 8 marks
Question Answer Mark
Number
2
• sexual (1) 8
grad
• pollen (1)

• anther (1)

• stigma (1)

• bees / moths / flies (1)

• large / big / scented / (sweet) smelling (1)

• style (1)

• fertilisation (1)

Total 8 marks
Question Answer Mark
Number
3(a) 1
• nucleus cler

Question Answer Additional Mark

Number guidance
3(b) 2
convert length into µm award full marks exp
60 mm = 60 000 µm (1) for correct
numerical answer
division without working
60 000 ÷ 6 = ×10 000 (1)
1 mark for 60 000

or dividing by 6

Question Answer Mark

Number
3(c)(i) 1
A 0.33 comp

B is not correct as 3 is not the mean

C is not correct as 10 000 is not the mean

D is not correct as 75 000 000 is not the mean

Question Answer additional Mark
Number guidance
3(c)(ii) An answer that makes reference to the allow 3
following: converse exp
for egg

• sperm smaller / sperm is small cell / eq larger

(1)
more
• fewer (total) mitochondria (per cell) (1)
fewer
• more mitochondria per volume / per µm 3

(1)
does not
• uses energy to swim / move / get to /eq move
(1)
egg is
• fertilise egg (1) fertilised

Total 7 marks
Question Answer Mark
Number
4(a)(i) 1
C primary consumer comp

A is not correct as krill is not a predator

B is not correct as prey is not a trophic level

D is not correct as krill is not a secondary

consumer

Question Answer additional Mark

Number guidance
4(a)(ii) A sketch that shows the following points: 2
grad
• upright pyramid shape (1) ignore
names

• names in correct order: plants at ignore

bottom, krill in middle. whale at shape
top (1)

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

Number
4(b) award full marks for 2
division correct numerical answer exp
10 000 ÷ 1.6 = 6 250 s without working

division
÷ 60 = allow 100 mins as 2 sig
figs
104.17 / 100 / 104 /
104.16 recurring allow 1 mark for dividing
by 1.6 or dividing by 96
or 1.6 x 60 = 96 cm2
per minute

10 000 ÷ 96 =

104.17 / 100 / 104 /

104.2 / / 104.167
104.16 recurring
Question Answer Mark
Number
4(c) An answer that makes reference to the following 4
points: exp

• use container of sea water (1)

• add same / stated number/ amount/ count

number / mass of microscopic plants (1)

• add stated number / mass of krill (1)

• leave for same / stated time / measure time

taken to (1)

• (re)measure number / amount/mass /

percentage change in plants(1)

• repeat /eq (1)

Question Answer Mark

Number
4(d) An explanation that makes reference the four of the 4
following points: exp

• fewer whales / whales die / migrate (1)

• ice melts (1)

• no / less surface for microscopic plants (1)

• so fewer microscopic plants (available) (1)

• fewer krill / krill die / migrate (1)

• carbon dioxide causes acidification (1)

• could affect krill (eggs) (1)

Total = 13 marks
Question Answer Mark
Number
5(a) A description that makes reference to three of the 3
following points: exp

• (same) restriction enzyme to cut / remove /

open /eq (1)

• plasmid / vector and target gene / gene for

making poison / eq (1)

• ligase enzyme to join / stick / insert /eq (1)

• complementary shapes / sticky ends /eq (1)

Question Answer additional Mark
Number guidance
5(b) An answer that makes reference to six of the 6
following points: exp

Good decision to use GM:

• GM plants are specific / kill specific insects /

pesticides kill other insects / plants /
pesticide kills non-specific insects (1)

• GM plants reduce need for pesticide (1)

• pesticide needs reapplication /

do not last long (1)

• insects can become resistant to pesticide

(1)

• pesticides can enter food chains /

bioaccumulation (1) ignore
harmful
• pesticides can lead to health problems / unqualified
affect human health /eq (1) pollution
eg: organophosphates and nervous system
allow poisons
Poor decision to use GM: humans

• pesticides are quick to kill (1)

• GM plants could result in cross pollination of

other species (1)

• GM pollen may kill insect pollinators (1)

• insects may develop resistance to poison

produced by GM crops (1)

• customers may not buy GM crops (1)

• patents mean farmers become dependent

on companies for their seed (1)

Total 9 marks
Question Answer Mark
Number
6(a) 1
D C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O comp

A is not the correct equation for aerobic respiration

B is not the correct equation for aerobic respiration

C is not the correct equation for aerobic respiration

Question Answer additional Mark

Number guidance
6(b)(i) An explanation that makes reference 2
to two of the following points: Expert

• moves left / towards locust (1)

• carbon dioxide produced by

insect absorbed by KOH / filter
paper (1)
ignore air
• oxygen (used by insect) (1)
ignore
• in respiration (1) breathing
/inhaling/eq
Question Answer additional Mark
Number guidance
6(b)(ii) An answer that makes reference to six of 6
the following points: exp

• size / mass /(of locusts )/eq (1) mark 3

variables
• (more cells) (more) respiration (1) to
maximise
or score

• movement / size of flask /eq (1)

• more room for movement means

more respiration (1)

or ignore
amount
• volume / concentration of KOH / but allow
size of filter paper (1) stated
volume
• affects carbon dioxide absorption
/eq (1)

or

• temperature (1)

• affects enzymes / increase kinetic ignore

energy / particle movement /eq time of
(1) day /
light /
oxygen /
or humidity
etc
• time / duration (1)
• more time to respire / more
oxygen absorbed (1)

Question Answer Mark

Number
6(c)(i) 1
• 5.3 or 5.27 or 5.267 or 5.26 recurring grad
Question Answer Mark
Number
6(c)(ii) An answer that makes reference to the following 3
points: exp

• not reliable / reliability can be increased /eq

(1)

• not enough repeats / only three results / ignore

needs to be repeated (1) not
repeated
• one result is anomalous /
male 3 result is anomalous (1)

• more variation within sex than between

sexes / eq (1)

Total 13 marks
Question Answer additional guidance Mark
Number
7(a) A description that makes reference to two the allow other quantitative
following: methods such as 2
exp
• biuret (1)
solidify the milk protein by
• deepest / darker / intensity purple denaturing (1)
contains most protein (1)
mass of the protein (1)
• reference to same volume of milk /
biuret (1)

Question Answer additional Mark

Number guidance
7(b) An explanation that makes reference to 2
two of the following points: exp

• prevent infection / disease (1) ignore

illness
• (by destroying / due to) virus /
bacteria / pathogen (1)

• provides immunity / eq (1)

Question Answer additional Mark

Number guidance
7(c) An answer that includes two of 2
grad
• use as a source of / for energy /
respiration (1)

• use as store of energy (1)

• insulation / myelin sheath / ignore for

protection fat around organs/ warmth
eq(1)

Question Answer Mark

Number
7(d)(i) 1
lactose cler
Question Answer Mark
Number
7(d)(ii)
Lactobacillus / Streptococcus Allow 1
species names cler

Question Answer Mark

Number
7(d)(iii) An explanation that makes reference to two of the 2
following points exp

• sterilise milk / pasteurise (1)

• kill bacteria / pathogen / microorganisms

(1)

• prevent competition (for carbohydrate /

sugar) (1)

Total 10 marks
 Question Answer Mark
Number
1
8(a)(i) D testis comp

A is incorrect as meiosis does not occur in kidney

B is incorrect as meiosis does not occur in penis

C is incorrect as meiosis does not occur in skin

Question Answer Mark

Number
1
8(a)(ii) C root tip comp

A is incorrect as mitosis is not observed in anther

B is incorrect as mitosis is not observed in

cotyledon

D is incorrect as mitosis is not observed in xylem

Question Answer Mark

Number

8(b)
Feature Meiosis Mitosis
number of chromosomes 46 46 6
in each original cell Grad
number of daughter 4 2
cells produced from 1
each original cell mark
number of chromosomes 23 46 for
in each daughter cell each
ploidy level of daughter haploid diploid row
cells produced
genetic differences in present absent
daughter cells /none/identical
/eq
type of cell produced gamete body cell
/
sperm
/ egg /
sex cell
Question Answer Mark
Number
8(c) (i) A description that makes reference to the following
3
• random mating (1) exp

• random fertilisation / gametes received/ eq

(1)

• environment (1)

• mutation (1)

Question Answer Mark

Number
8(c) (ii) An explanation to the following points
2
• little / no genetic variation / have same exp
genotype / alleles (1)

• no genotype environment interaction /

respond to drugs in same way /eq (1)

Total 13 marks
Question Answer additional guidance Mark
Number
9(a) (i) An answer that includes
6
• S scale linear and exp
at least half axis
(1)
bar chart lose L only
• L straight lines
through points (1) No L for extrapolation

• A axis labelled
with crop
production and
year and correct
way round (1)

• P points accurately
within one small square
plotted (1)

• U units thousand
tonnes (and
years) (1)

• K labelled or key
to show barley
and wheat (1)

Question Answer Mark

Number
9(a)(ii) A description that makes reference to the following
2
• wheat decreases to 2013/ eq and then grad
increases (1)

• barley constant and then increases to 2013 /

eq (then fluctuates) (1)
Question Answer Additional guidance Mark
Number
9(a)(iii) 3
percentage change in wheat allow one mark for exp
= 16 100 – 15 300 ÷ 15 greater change in
300 barley
× 100
= 5.23% allow 5.2%/
5%/eq (1) allow 105% /eq

percentage change in barley

= 7 300 – 5 500 ÷ 5 500
× 100
= 32.73% allow 32.7/ 33% allow 133% /eq

barley greater (1)

allow one mark for
each correct
percentage

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

Number
9(b) allow full credit for 2 exp
25 000 kg per 10 000 correct answer no
m2 working

25 000 ÷ 10 000 one mark for dividing by

365 or 365.25
= 2.5 kg per m2 per
year

2.5 kg = 2500 g ÷ 365

= 6.85 g allow 6.9

also allow for leap year

2500 / 365.25

so 6.84 g

allow 6.8g

Total = 13 marks
Question Answer Mark
Number
10 (a)(i) 3
• A sensory / afferent (1) grad

• B relay / association (1)

• C motor / efferent (1)

Question Answer Mark

Number
10(a)(ii) An explanation that makes reference to 3
the following points exp

• neurone A / sensory / afferent

(+ impulse) (from receptor) to must
CNS / spinal cord / relay have
neurone / neurone B (1) impulse
once to
• (synapses with) neurone B / score 3
relay / association / (+ impulse) marks
(from receptor neurone A) to
motor / efferent / neurone C allow
signal
• neurone C / motor / efferent (+ message
impulse) to effector / muscle for 2
max

Question Answer additional Mark

Number guidance
10(b)(i) An explanation that makes reference to 2
two of the following points exp

• measure the distance (from ignore

hand to spinal cord and or brain count
to other hand) (1) number
of
• for each student / all students students
in ring (1)

• measure time taken (for allow

student A to feel hand being ‘how long
squeezed / eq) (1) it took’

• divide distance by time (1)

Question Answer Mark
Number
10(b)(ii) An explanation that makes reference to two of the 2
following points exp

• may be underestimate / too slow /

method adds time / delay / eq (1)

• not a reflex so need to allow decision

making / role of brain / reaction time /eq
(1)

• as delay occurs at each synapse (1)

Total 10 marks
Question Answer Mark
Number
11 An answer that makes reference to six of the
following points: 6
exp
• C shampoo with oil and without oil / shampoo
with oil and no shampoo (1)

• O hair from same person / same hair length /

width / age / sex/ same hair type / dry hair
same way (1)

• R test many different hairs / repeat (1)

• M1 add weights / masses to hairs (1)

• M2 measure mass / g / pressure / weight /

force /N that causes hair to break (1)

• S1 same volume / concentration of shampoo / ignore

same type of shampoo with and without oil (1) amount

• S2 wash for same time / frequency / same

temperature of water (1)

Total 6 marks
Pearson Education Limited. Registered company number 872828
with its registered office at 80 Strand, London, WC2R 0RL, United Kingdom
Mark Scheme (Results)

January 2021

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE

In Biology (4BI1) Paper 1B and Science (Double
Award) (4SD0) Paper 1B
Edexcel and BTEC Qualifications

Edexcel and BTEC qualifications are awarded by Pearson, the UK’s largest awarding body. We provide a
wide range of qualifications including academic, vocational, occupational and specific programmes for
employers. For further information visit our qualifications websites at www.edexcel.com or
www.btec.co.uk. Alternatively, you can get in touch with us using the details on our contact us page at
www.edexcel.com/contactus.

Pearson: helping people progress, everywhere

Pearson aspires to be the world’s leading learning company. Our aim is to help everyone progress in
their lives through education. We believe in every kind of learning, for all kinds of people, wherever they
are in the world. We’ve been involved in education for over 150 years, and by working across 70
countries, in 100 languages, we have built an international reputation for our commitment to high
standards and raising achievement through innovation in education. Find out more about how we can
help you and your students at: www.pearson.com/uk

January 2021
Publications Code 4BI1_1B_2101_msc
All the material in this publication is copyright
© Pearson Education Ltd 2021
Question Answer Mark
Number
1(a) 1
The only correct answer is B 1

A is not correct as 0 is not the correct number of

chromosomes

C is not correct as 2 is not the correct number of

chromosomes

D is not correct as 23 is not the correct number of

chromosomes

Question Answer Mark

Number
1(b) An explanation that makes reference to the following points: 2

• energy / ATP / respiration /eq (1)

• movement / swimming / tail movement/ eq (1)

Question Answer additional Mark

Number guidance
1(c) An explanation that makes reference to two of 2
the following points:

• digest / break down egg membrane / eq ignore wall /

(1) shell etc

• allow (nucleus) to enter / penetrate egg

(1)

• fertilisation / fusion (1)

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark
Number
1(d) 2
An answer that makes two marks for all 3 in correct
reference to 2 of the following order
points:
one mark for 3 structures
• vagina wrong order
• uterus / womb /cervix
• oviduct / fallopian tube one mark for 2 structures in
correct order

vagina oviduct =1

uterus vagina oviduct = 1

oviduct vagina = 0

uterus oviduct = 1

vagina uterus = 1

ign route after fertilisation

Total = 7 marks

Question Answer Mark

Number
2(a) 1
small fish

Question Answer additional Mark

Number guidance
2(b)(i) A description that makes reference to three of the 3
following points:
• photosynthesis (1)
• chloroplasts / chlorophyll (1)
• absorbs / traps light /eq (energy) (1) allow
formula
• starch / glucose / carbohydrate (1)
or from
equation
Question Answer additional Mark
Number guidance
2(b)(ii) An answer that makes reference to two of the following 2
points:
• respiration / heat loss (by plant) (1)
• cannot digest / egested / not absorbed
/eq (1)
• uneaten / die / decomposition (1)
• excretion (1)

Question Answer Mark

Number
2(c) An answer that makes reference to the following points: 2
• increase surface area (1)
• enzymes (1)

Total 8 marks

Question Answer Mark

Number
3(a)(i) 5

statement letter
contains the least carbon dioxide A

contains the most glucose after a

meal G
contains the least oxygen
J
contains the least urea
F
contains blood at the highest
pressure B
Question Answer additional Mark
Number guidance
3(a)(ii) An answer that makes reference to two of the allow 2
following points: converse
for J
A / pV has
allow thin
• thin(ner) wall (1)

• less muscle (1) allow wide

• less elastic tissue (1) ignore ref

to valves
• wide(r) / big(er) / lumen (1)

Question Answer Mark

Number
3(b) An answer that makes reference to five of the following points: 5

• more (capillaries to transport) oxygen / glucose (1)

• more (aerobic) respiration / less anaerobic respiration (1)

• more ATP/ more energy (1)

• (more) muscle contraction (1)

• less lactic acid (1)

• effective for long distance events / ineffective for power

events / type of performance not specified /only leg
muscle sampled / eq(1)

• other factor(s) / age / lung (capacity) / heart (rate)

named other factors affect performance (1)

• need to test more than one person / not repeated / eq (1)

Total 12 marks
Question Answer Mark
Number
4(a) 3
Example of process Name of process

plants with a short growing season natural selection

survive drought

growth of algae in rivers polluted by eutrophication (1)

fertiliser
pollen transferred from one plant to
another by an insect insect pollination
(1)

absorption of nitrate ions from soil active transport

using ATP (1)

Question Answer additional Mark

Number guidance
4(b)(i) An explanation that makes reference to four of 4
the following points:

• (more) grass flourishes / grows well / other species

survives / not killed by zinc / eq (near killed by zinc
mine) (1) near mine

• less competition (1)

• mutation (1)

• reproduce (1)

• pass allele / gene / DNA on to offspring

(1)
Question Answer additional Mark
Number guidance
4(b)(ii) A description that makes reference to four of 4
the following points:
allow belt
• use tape measure (1) transect for
mp1
• quadrat (1)
allow for
• repeat / several (1) quadrats

• count plants / estimate percentage how many

cover described (1)

Total 11 marks

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

Number
5(a) allow 1
Temperature (1) heat loss / temperature loss

Question Answer Mark

Number
5(b) An answer that makes reference to one of the following 1
points:

• (to prevent) volume / surface area affecting heat

loss / eq

• valid comparison / fair test / eq

Question Answer Additional Mark

Number guidance
5(c) 2
allow 1 mark
• covered 40 ÷ 80 x 100 = 50 % (1) for 45 or 50

• uncovered 36 ÷ 80 x 100 = 45 % full marks

for correct
• difference = 5 (2) answer
Question Answer additional Mark
Number guidance
5(d) An answer that makes reference to four of allow converse 4
the following points:

• less heat loss if indoors / eq (1)

• depends upon outside temperature

different in hot country (1)

• but only small / 5% difference / eq (1)

• animals move around less (1)

• more energy for growth / making meat

/ eggs / milk / less energy used to
keep warm /eq (1)

• diseases easier to spread (1)

• protected from predators (1)

• ethical objection / cruel / quality of life ignore natural

idea / eq (1)

• eat variety of food outdoors / taste/ eq

(1)

Question Answer additional Mark

Number guidance
5(e) An answer that makes reference to the following 2
points: allow
different
• use beakers / containers of different sizes / volumes
different volumes (1) of water

ignore
• keep beakers out of box / keep beakers under animals
box (1)

Total 10 marks
Question Answer Mark
Number
6(a)(i) 1
Circle around axon terminals

Question Answer Mark

Number
6(a)(ii) 1
The only correct answer is B motor

A is not correct as it is not an association neurone

C is not correct as it is not a relay neurone

D is not correct as it is not a sensory neurone

Question Answer Mark

Number
6(a)(iii) An explanation that makes reference to two of the following points: 2

• fast (1)

• no brain involvement / no thought / automatic /involuntary / eq

(1)

• less damage / harm / eq (1)

Question Answer Mark

Number
6(b)(i) 1
The only correct answer is D wider neurones have faster impulses

A is not correct as it is not supported by the graph

B is not correct as it is not supported by the graph

C is not correct as it is not supported by the graph

Question Answer Mark

Number
6(b)(ii) 1
4.4 (m per s)

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

Number
6(b)(iii) 3
• 90cm = 0.9m award full marks for correct numerical
answer without working regardless of
• 90 ÷ (speed ) 440 = speed used
0.20s
allow 1 mark for 0.9 (m) or speed
0.9 ÷ (speed) 4.4 expressed as x 100 cm/s (440 idea)
= 0.20 s
allow 1 mark for 90 ÷ speed or 0.9 ÷
= seconds speed

• 2.0 × 10-1 (3) (if not 0.20455 etc)

allow 2 marks for marks for correct

numerical answer without working but
not in standard form

Total 9 marks

Question Answer Mark

Number
7(a)(i) 1

Radicle/ root / plumule / shoot has grown / seed split/ sprouts /eq
(1)

Question Answer additional Mark

Number guidance

7(a)(ii) An answer that includes two of the following 2

• Temperature (1)
ignore
• Volume of solution (1) amount
of water
• Humidity (1)
ignore
• Oxygen (1) wind

• Light (1) allow soil

/
• pH (1) compost
/growth
• Carbon dioxide (1) medium

Question Answer additional Mark

Number guidance
7(b)(i) An answer that includes two of the following 5

S linear and half of each axis (1) if non

linear
L straight and passing through all points (1) scale can
still get P
A x axis correct way round ( Na Cl or salt conc / eq)
bar chart
(1)
loses L

U axes labelled with Na Cl / salt concentration in

mmol and percentage / % germination (1)

P points correctly plotted within one square (1)

Question Answer additional Mark

Number guidance
7(b)(ii) An explanation that makes reference to four of 4
the following points

• (increasing (salt)concentration) decreases

germination (1)

• (as concentration of solution increases) allow water

(lower) water potential / concentration / potential /
osmotic gradient /eq (1) concentration
gradient
• less water absorbed / water exits /eq (1) described
/reversed eg
• by osmosis (1) more water
molecules
• to activate enzymes / digest starch / eq inside / eq
(1)

Question Answer Additional Mark

Number guidance
7(c)(i) An answer that makes reference to the Allow converse for 2
following points stems

• roots grow towards gravity (1)

allow gravitrophic
• positively gravitropic / geotropic (1)

Question Answer Additional Mark

Number guidance
7(c)(ii) An answer that makes reference to the Allow converse 2
following points for stems

• roots grow away from light (1)

• negatively phototropic (1)

16 marks

Question Answer Mark

Number
8(a) 1
chemical / solution / eq that kills / destroys / eq pests /
animals / plants / insects / eq (1)
Question Answer additional guidance Mark
Number
8(b) 2
1319.5 /1320 /1300 km2 (1) Multiply total area by %
sprayed
Barley (1)
91 % of 1450

Question Answer additional guidance Mark

Number
8(c) An answer that makes reference to allow converse for spring 2
two of
spring warmer / more food
• in winter cold / low more insects
temperature / less food eq (1) more insecticide /pesticide
• fewer insects / pests (1)
• less insecticide / pesticide
needed (1)

Question Answer Mark

Number
8(d) An answer that makes reference to four of 4

• around 70% / even pattern of herbicide / fungicide

and insecticide in fruit crops (1)

• high(er)use of herbicide in cereals / low(er) use of

herbicide in fruit(1)

• as smaller plants / growing plants need to compete Allow

with weeds (1) converse mp
3
• high(er) use of insecticide in fruit crops / low(er)
use of insecticide in cereals (1)

• more variation in fungicide use in cereals (1)

• high use of fungicide on (rotting) fruit (1)

allow
• as fruit more prone to saprophytic decay/ high converse mp
sugar content / eq 7
8(e) An answer that makes reference to 2

• use biological control (1) use nets (1)

• using a predator (species) (such exclude insects from plants /

as Encarsia) to target / eat / eq (1)
consume (specific) pest / insect
/ eq (eg whitefly) (1) allow introduce consumer of
insect /
Allow example
ladybird for aphids for mp 2

Total 11 marks
Question Answer Mark
Number
9(a)(i) 1

Sickle shaped red blood cells stick to each other / caught / trapped
/eq walls of blood vessels / eq (1)

Question Answer Mark

Number
9(a)(ii) An explanation that makes reference to three of the following points 3

• cold temperatures reduce blood flow / cause more sickling (1)

• less oxygen (at high altitude) (1)

• less respiration / (more) anaerobic respiration (1)

• more lactic acid (1)

• (less) energy / ATP (1)

Question Answer Mark

Number
9(b)(i) 1

only expressed when homozygous / two copies / no dominant allele

present / not expressed in heterozygote /eq (1)

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

Number
9(b)(ii) Allow 1 mark for ¾ or 2
0.75 x 0.5 ¾X½ 0.75 or 75%

0.375 or 3/8 or 37.5% (2) or one mark for ½ or

0.5 or 50%
Question Answer Mark
Number
9(c) The only correct answer is D 1

A is not correct as bacterium does not cause malaria

B is not correct as fungus does not cause malaria

C is not correct as plant does not cause malaria

Question Answer Mark

Number
9(d) 1
The only correct answer is B

A is not correct as chlorophyll not found in red blood cells

C is not correct as iron is not a pigment

D C is not correct as magnesium not found in red blood cells

Question Answer Additional Mark

Number guidance
9(e) An answer that includes two of the following 2
points Allow converse
for wbc
• red cells smaller (1)
• red cells have no nucleus (1) allow (mature)
• red cells are biconcave /eq (1) RBC's lack
mitochondria

ign haemoglobin

Total 11 marks
Question Answer Additional Mark
Number guidance
10(a) An explanation answer that makes reference to five 5
of the following points allow
converse
• temperature increases (kinetic) energy /
particle movement / more collisions / eq (1)

• difference in concentration / concentration

gradient increases rate of movement (1)

• short(er) distance increases diffusion /eq (1) thin walls

• surface area to (volume ratio) increases villi /

diffusion (1) microvilli /
eq
• mass / size of particle smaller particles move
faster (1)

• larger particles / charged particles cannot

pass through cell membrane (1)

• (increased) oxygen / ATP / respiration /

energy for active transport (1)

Question Answer Additional Mark

Number guidance
10(b) An answer that makes reference to the four of the 4
following points

• diffusion passive (1)

• diffusion from high concentration to low / appropriate

requires concentration gradient (1) converse
mp2-5
• active transport requires ATP / energy/ oxygen
/ respiration (1)

• active transport requires membrane / carrier

proteins (1)

• diffusion can take place in non-living systems

(1)

Total 9 marks
Question Answer additional Mark
Number guidance
11 An answer that makes reference to four of the following 6
points

• C change amount of starch (1)

• O use same species / strain / genotype / mass / ign

volume / measure of yeast (1) amount

• R repeat each flour type more than once / eq (1)

• M1 measure height / volume of dough / bread

/ use ruler (1)

• M2 after stated time / same time (1)

• S1 use same measure of flour / volume / mass ign

of flour / volume/ mass of water / eq (1) amount

• S2 same temperature / knead for stated / same

time / eq (1)
allow
cook at
same
temp
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