PREFACE

This portable solar mobile battery charger has been properly put into five chapters to enhance
comprehensive and concise reading. in this solar mobile battery charger is organized sequentially
as follows:chapter one of this work is on the introduction to a portable solar driven mobile
charging system,chapter two is literature review of a solar mobile charger were discussed,chapter
three is on design methodology of solar mobile charger,chapter four design process and chapter
five is about conclusion and recommendation are all of solar driven mobile battery charging .the
result accurate functionality analyzed.
Acknowledgement
First of all I would like to thank and praise my GOD for his guidance and success in my life. I
am very glad to pay special thanks to the mr. asfaw dean of arbegona tvet College for being his
great encouragement and support in morale during tough time and without giving up on me. Vice
Dean of Technology and Industry Extension mr. biruk for his continuous guidance, constructive
comments, and materials supports and technical support. Also I would like to thank Ms.
tewabech she devoted her time in providing relevant information during the progress of the
project work, for her relentless effort, for her positive criticism and patience for helping.
I would like to express my deepest appreciation to all the people who in one way or another
contributed to the completion of this project especially the technology team.
Abstract
This project aims to make a portable solar charger which can be used on the go. A portable solar
mobile phone charger is simply a power electronic device that converts solar radiation into
electrical current for the purpose of charging the batteries of mobile phones. This charger is
made by converting, controlling and conditioning the flow of electrical energy from source to
load according to the requirements of the load; this technology is called power electronics. An
external adjustable voltage regulator is used to obtain the desired constant voltage. A zener diode
switches on to ensure charging is cut off at the saturation point. Lithium ion batteries are used as
backup; an operational amplifier works here as a comparator to signify when backup is fully
charged. Ultimately, 11V and 160mA is supplied by the panel under full sunlight. This charger
has an output voltage of 5V and an average of 800mA current to charge a mobile phone, this
system charges a phone fully between 4-5hours and it has a capacity of 4800mAh. This device
charges all mobile phones by all manufacturers using a universal serial bus connector. It is the
only viable solution to charging mobile phones as it is portable, light-weight and does not cause
pollution. The objective of this design project is to build a system for moveable mobile charger
by solar and battery using serial port interface. The system provides regulation against input
power supply.
List of tables

list of materials……………………………………………………………………………….

bill of materials………………………………………………………………………………..

cost analysis……………………………………………………………………………………
List of abbreviations

AC Alternative current

Ω Ohms

DC Direct current

V Voltage

LED Light emitting diode

A Ampere

PCB Printed Circuit Board

PV photovoltaic
List of figures

Conversion flow chart of solar mobile charger…………………………………………………

Resistor…………………………………………………………………………………………

Capacitor………………………………………………………………………………………
Light emitting diode (led)……………………………………………………………………….
Diode……………………………………………………………………………………………
Transistor……………………………………………………………………………………….
Integrated circuit(ic)…………………………………………………………………………….

printed circuit board(pcb)………………………………………………………………………

proteus simulation………………………………………………………………………………

Drive mechanisms (expected outcome)…………………………………………………………

DEFINITION TERMS

Infrared sensor:-it is the form of radiation in the electromagnetic spectrum beyond red light

From 760 nanometers to 1000microns with distribute on electronic ignition systems.

AC VOLTAGE:-the force which generated to cause the current to flow and have a frequency.

DC VOLTAGE:-the force which generated to cause the current to flow and have no frequency

AMPERE:-the unit measure for the flow of current in a circuit.

LED:-a semiconductor device that emits light when forward biased.

OHMS:-standards unit of measuring resistance to flow of an electrical current

Chapter one

Introduction and background

Introduction

This project is intended to design and build portable mobile charger by solar and battery (dry
cell).The system should provide regulation against input power supply. In today life each &
every person is using a mobile. The chargers of mobile phones can carry everywhere but we
can’t say that, everywhere there is availability of electricity. During summer days this problem
occurs usually more times, to overcome this problem of charging of mobile phones in public
places & especially for rural people this system designed. Also now a day there is no any such
type of facility is available at the public places & at rural area. The mobile phone business is
currently worth billions of dollars, and supports millions of phones. The need to provide a public
charging service is essential. Many critics argued that a public mobile phone charging service is
not a lucrative business because most users can charge their phones at home, in their office or in
their cars. Coin operated mobile phone charger is new business milestone because many are
attending business conventions and forgetting their charger at home or in hotel rooms. The
system should be independent of frequency of incoming power supply. Power supply consisting
of 230V/9VDC battery cell. These devices should be controlled as well as turn on/off if required.
Most of the times it was done by manually. Now it is necessity to control device more effectively
and efficiently at anytime from anywhere, in this system. This project proposed and designed to
help the needy due to scarcity of electricity. High quality standard of regulated dc power supplies
are needed for most passive and active. Electronic component there is wide range of market
which benefit out of this service starting from Customers to governmental and non-
governmental organizations. This project is a charging mobile phone which consists of a body
part made up pcb of 2x4mm , Resistor, Capacitor, Transistor , IC ,led are consumed to try. In
addition terminal connector like socket, cable and switch are necessary material for Design
Construct charging mobile phone.
Background of the project

Solar power has long been attracting the attention of scientists and researchers as the perfect
alternative solution to other energy. Given the abundant amount of sunlight available to us as a
blessing from our sun, it is not uncommon to wish to tap this energy that has been there since the
beginning of time and use it to drive our engines and homes Does. Although this solar energy is
abundantly available, efforts to use this energy and transfer it to a useful form and to run our day-
to-day equipment have been in vain. This is the reason why solar energy has not become a major
source of our energy needs. However over the years, technology has allowed cellular phones to
reduce the size of not only ICs, but also batteries. However, as technology has advanced and
made our phones smaller and easier to use, one basic problem we still have is that we must plug
the phone into the walls to recharge the battery. Most people accept reality because there is no
other alternative to this problem so they carry extra batteries with them. It is not possible to
charge mobile batteries everywhere at any time every time, so we design this mobile charger so
that we can charge mobile batteries anytime anywhere. In this paper, we are using the concept of
energy harvesting using solar energy The purpose of charging the battery. With its use, we can
charge our mobile batteries in remote areas where there is a problem of electricity. The cost of
this circuitry can be reduced to a certain extent so that the common man can easily buy it and
benefit from it. It consists of a battery to store the energy generated by a PV cell. Since, the
amount of electricity generated by PV cells is small; These traditional PV chargers may not
meet user requirements. Furthermore, these types of changes can only be used for personal use.
The most common difficulty faced by the user is the quick drain of the mobile phone battery. A
fully charged battery can run out within a few hours due to data packet service and back end
processes, which are always active in the phone. The user contacts nearby shops to charge the
mobile phone in an emergency. Although power banks are widely available in the market for
emergency charging, it is not affordable for everyone. Due to Ethiopians growing population, the
demand for electricity has increased without reliable supply to meet such demand. Shortages in
electricity supply in our country, especially in rural areas where there are insufficient or no grid
systems, meet the need to locate a renewable source of energy. Discovers that stand-alone
photovoltaic (PV) system configuration provides an economical alternative to costly grid
extensions in rural areas in the world. Small scale inexpensive production of solar energy can be
used in phone charging as well as lighting up solar energy as a renewable energy
source in rural areas, which is a source of technical knowledge and knowledge of solar resources
Wide spread is gaining acceptance due to availability.
Statement of the problem

As earlier stated the need for rural residents and towns living under scarcity of electricity
specifically arbegona(yaye) woreda to charge phones during the hours of the day when sunlight
is available and the need to cut down the level of carbon emission is a major concern. In order to
achieve this a solar powered mobile phone charger will be needed. As against this background,
the purpose of this project is to design and construct a cost effective, affordable solar powered
mobile phone charger.

Objective of the project

General objective

 The general objective of the project is to design and construct portable solar mobile
charger.

Specific objective

 Design portable mobile charger by solar.

 Model the project
 Analysis the acceptability of portable mobile charger by solar and battery in term of
design ,usefulness and functionality of parts ,safety and maintenance
 Simulate the model portable mobile charger by solar and battery.
 Test the significance difference between the actual out puts and model and desired.
 Construct the simulate project.

Scope of the project

The scope of this study is limited to the design and construction of solar powered mobile phone
charger. Selection of components and materials and designing the moveable mobile charger by
solar and battery. Developing a method for transfer by used to cable. Test the level of system
performance. It covered working up to 3m-5m around of this the circuit or project is functional
Limitation of the project

Delimitation As we are using ICs, they consume more power. The project will operate more than
anywhere area or place.

Significance of the project

From this project a lot of individuals and institutions can be beneficiaries.

For instance

 Smallholder & micro enterprises

 wholesalers & retailers
 electronics processing industries
 Cooperatives
 Tvet colleges
 Universities
Chapter two

Literature review

There are many applications where the variations in supply voltage associated with unsterilized
supply would result in the equipment giving inconsistent results or where damage could even be
inflicted on the supplied equipment. There are also a number of applications where a very well
smoothed supply is required and a stabilized supply is of advantage here because the regulator
circuit counteracts all variation in the output potential including ripple. In general, most domestic
electronic circuits require a source of constant D.C. power. In practice, D.C. power for electronic
circuits is most suitably obtained from commercial A.C. lines by using filtered rectifier circuit,
called a D.C. power supply. The rectifier-filter system constitutes a normal D.C. power supply.
The D.C. voltage produced from an ac supply remains constant so long as A.C. mains voltage or
load is unchanged. Nevertheless, in many electronic applications, it is required that D.C. supply
should remain stable irrespective of any variation in A.C. mains or load. Under such
circumstances, a voltage regulating devices are required. This constitutes regulated D.C. power
supply and keeps the D.C. voltage at fairly constant value. This chapter focuses on the various
voltage regulating circuits used to obtain regulated power supply.

The current market leader in efficient solar energy modules is Sun Power, whose solar panels
have a conversion ratio of 19.3%, with Sanyo having the most efficient modules at 20.4%.
However, a whole range of other companies (Holo Sun, Gamma Solar, Nano Horizons) are
emerging which are also offering new innovations in photovoltaic modules, with a conversion
ratio of around 18%.

These new innovations embrace power generation on the front and back sides and increased
outputs; but, most of these companies have not yet produced working systems from their
design plans, and area unit principally still actively rising the technology.

The term "photovoltaic" comes from the Greek (photo) suggests that "light", and "voltaic",
means electric ,from the name of the Italian physicist “VOLTA "after whom a unit of electro-
motive force, the volt is named. The sun could be a star created from atomic number 1 and
element gas and it radiates a huge quantity of energy each second.
A solar cell is associate degree device that convert the energy of sunshine directly into electricity
by electrical phenomenon result. The operation of a electrical phenomenon (PV) cell needs three
basic attributes: The absorption of sunshine, generating either electron-hole pairs or excitons.The
separation of charge carriers of opposite types. The separate extraction of these carriers to
associate degree external circuit. In contrast, a solar thermal collector collects heat by abs Solar
cell phone chargers use solar panels to charge cell phone batteries. They are an alternate to
traditional electrical telephone

Chargers associate degree in some cases is blocked into an electric outlet.

• There also are public star chargers for mobile phones which may be put in for good publically
places like streets, park and squares.

• The model that is per European Commission announced because the 1st within the world is that
the Arbutus unedo, public solar charger invented by Strawberry energy Company.

• Some models of cell phones have a in-built star charger and area unit commercially on
the market for GSM cellular phone models.

• Electric cell phone chargers are available totally different shapes and configurations as well
as folding and rotating varieties.

Based on analysis and researches from alternative journal, the batteries are the dominant type of
power storage and delivery for electronic devices over the past one hundred years, thus their
consideration for use in sensor node is natural. So, the batteries are the main solution at present,
but unless they can provide very long lifetime while not dominating the size or cost of the nodes,
the battery will be a significant deterrent to widespread adoption of these technologies.

.
Chapter three
Methodology
Introduction
Portable mobile battery charger using solar energy info ware manual is developed to solve the
electrical power scarcity problems related with so many rural areas and towns near to them
specifically at yaye(arbegona) city depending on value chain developed in April 2014 e.c.
The manual will address the high demand and dependency for electrical energy source for
enterprise’s and residents all over the city and rural areas around so as to remain intact on
communication devices like mobile phone.
Data collection methods
 Portable mobile charger by solar energy info ware manual shall be gather primary source
to identify the need and problem faced in mobile communication on value chain analysis
developed
Using our observation and oral questions among enterprise’s and residents in the city.

 Portable mobile charger info ware manual shall be gathered secondary source so as to
identify the problems and build a reliable charging power source using an internet for the
selection and assembly of the components used.
Feasibility analysis study
In terms of technical
aspects
 Training is required
 Materials is pcb, resistors, solar panel and battery,ic etc. are required.
 Soldering iron with lead and millimeters are needed.
In terms of environmental aspect
 Increases pollution free usage like solar energy among the immediate society.
 Increases introduction of portable pollution free devices on the modernized world.
 Service will be used for many appliances.
In terms of social aspects
 This project will provide a great deal of benefits for residents across the city, enterprises,
schools, hospitals etc.
In terms of economic aspect
 It has an immense benefit for those enterprises and persons who want to multiply the
transferred project.
 It provides a cheap technology for the beneficiaries like the society, small enterprises etc..
Design methodology
Failure theory
 The core problem causes and the effects of solar energy on the application of the techno
ware guide manual are illustrated below

Figure 1 conversion flow chart of solar mobile charger

Development tools used (software and equipment’s used)
 Protus used(software)
 Equipments like soldering iron used
Chapter four
Introduction
Design analysis
Product and part description

Resistor: - is used to reduce the flow of current in the circuit.

Figure 2 resistor
Capacitor:-used to store electric charge .it acts as a short circuit with AC and open circuit with
DC .small capacitor used in electronic is often measure in microfarad and Nano farad.

Figure 3 capacitor
LED:- used as an indication of current flow in an electrical circuit.

Figure 4 light emitting diode (led)

Diode:- it is an electrical component that allows current flow in only one direction.
Figure 5 diode

Transistor:- It is a semiconductor device that has controlled turn-on and turn-off characteristics.
an NPN bi-polar junction transistor .

Figure 6 transistor

Integrated circuit(IC):- An integrated circuit (IC) is a set of transistors that is the controller
or ‘brain’ of an electronic circuit.

Figure 7 integrated circuit(ic)

Printed circuit board (PCB):- Holes go all the way through the board from one side to the
other. Through-hole soldering is needed to connect components to the board.
Figure 8 printed circuit board(pcb)

Technical requirement

The technology is required to design and build a portable mobile charger by solar and,
battery. The system should provide regulation against input power supply. The system should
be independent of frequency of incoming power supply. Portable mobile charger by solar and
battery for any kinds of mobile phone charged

Material selection

NO Name of Brand Specification Quantity

material Name

1 Solar panel Panel Small size 1

2 Capacitor 6.3v, 470 1

micro Farad

3 Resistor 2kΩ 1

4 Battery 9V 1

5 IC 7805 1

6 LED - 1

Table 1 list of materials

Bill of materials

NO Name of Brand Specification Quantity Price Total

material Name birr

1 Solar panel Panel Small size 1 100 100

2 Capacitor 6.3v, 470 1 20 20

micro

.Farad

3 Resistor 2kΩ 1 6 6

4 Battery 9V 1 100 100

5 IC 7805 1 30 30

6 LED - 1 10 10

7 Total 266
birr

Table 2 bill of materials

Failure Analysis of solar portable mobile charger

 Short circuit
 Open circuit or loose connection
 Low light intensity
 Moisture
Software simulation of portable solar mobile charger
 An electrical simulation software called proteus used.

Figure 9 proteus simulation

Drive mechanism
This portable solar driven mobile charger driven by two small sized solar panel each producing 6
volts and likewise using a 9 volt dc battery cell for more application.

Figure 10 drive mechanisms (expected outcome)

Cost analysis for solar mobile charger
S. Quantity Unit price Total price
NO
1 Data and Material
Budget
2 Sampling collection 50
and Market analysis
3 Raw material cost 256
4 Labor cost 25
5 Transportation cost 20
Total 351 ETB

Table 3 cost analysis

Chapter five
Conclusion and recommendation
Conclusion
This project focuses on the design and construction of solar and dry cell battery powered
portable mobile phone charger. This charger ensures continuous supply of power to the load
(phone) with the aid of a regulating circuit. The solar panel supplying the circuit has a maximum
output voltage of 9.84V at no load and 8.95V under load condition. At the output of the charger,
the voltage ranges from 3.972V to 5.12V with a maximum current of about 240mA.
a portable solar mobile charger has been designed, simulated and constructed to have a compact
size at low cost and this device has been evaluated to be efficient, reliable, portable, light-weight
and an economically viable solution to charging mobile phones in ethiopia. As a country having
abundance of sunshine, this device brings an alternative to non-renewable energy sources that are
highly expensive and not readily available. This device encourages green technology. A
fascinating fact is the incorporation of a heat sink to absorb dissipated heat. This device can be
carried around in the pocket and can be used on the go. It is undoubtedly the solution to carbon
emissions from generators. The project is environmentally friendly, suitable and economically
cheap technology for rural areas specifically Arbegona and many other cities and rural areas
having an electricity scarcity issue across our country. Moreover, this project is easier to operate
and requires very little maintenance.
Recommendation
A higher power solar panel should be used in order to increase the efficiency of the device,
reducing the charging time. This can be done by locally fabricating the panels and applying
certain photoconductive chemicals to the layers of silicon: doping.

The device should be built to accommodate charging from electric grids when desired or when
out of sunlight, this is to reduce the task on the panel. This can be achieved by building a power
supply mechanism into the device.

Since this project is pollution free energy driven solar mobile battery charger it can be used as an
alternative power supply to charging method for phones in the remote parts of Ethiopia facing an
electricity scarcity issue specifically at rural area of arbegona woreda and yaye town.
References
1. Linear & Switching Voltage Regulator Handbook.
http://www.onsemi.com/pub_link/Collateral/HB206-D.PDF 2. Voltage regulators.
http://www.physics.utah.edu/~bergman/3610- 6610/notes/Lecture09.pdf 3. Voltage regulators.
https://www.ece.cmu.edu/~ee100/docs/Chapter5.pdf 4.

2. Krishna and Vinrrea A., “Power Electronics”, BPB Publication, 2005.

3. Regulated D.C. Power supply.

http://www.talkingelectronics.com/Download%20eBooks/Principles %20of%20electronics/CH-
17.pdf. 6. Transistors

4. A. S. Sedra and K. C. Smith Microelectronic Circuits, Fourth edition, 1982,

Oxford, 5.Oxford University Press (2002)

6. VoltageRegulation,FinalChapter. http://www.engineeringexpert.net/Engineering-Expert-
Witness- Blog/?p=4605
Appendix A: Questionnaire on portable solar mobile charger

1. Sex 1. Male 2. Female

2. Age (years)

3. Marital status 1. Married 2. Single 3. Divorced 4. Widowed

4. Household size (male female )

5. Experience

6. Education

7. What type of charger do you buy?

1. Ac

2. Dc/solar & battery

3. All

8. From what source do you get powered to charge your mobile phone?

1. solar

2. electric power

3. chemical energy

4. All

5. Others

9. How many charger did you buy in 2015 E.C from

1. Individual worker (ac dc )?

2. Cooperatives (ac _ dc )?

3. Others

10. For whom did you sale your charger in 2014 E.C and charger sold?

1. Retailers (ac dc )?
 2. Processors (ac dc )?

3. Consumers (ac dc )?

4. Others

11. Where do you sell your charger ?

1. At my shop

2. At market place

3. At retailers shop

4. At processors shop

5. Others

12. What are the different costs you incurred in whole selling in 2014 E.C?

1. Transport cost birr

2. Warehouse cost _ birr

3. Packaging cost birr

4. Advertising cost birr

5. Tax birr

6. Others

13. What is your selling price of 1 of charger when you sell to

1. Retailers (ac birr dc birr)?

2. Processors (ac birr dc birr)?

3. Consumers (ac birr dc birr)?

4. Others

14. Did you get any training regarding your business ? 1. Yes 0. No
15. Have you needed credit for charger wholesaling in 2014 E.C? 1. Yes 0. No

16. Did you receive credit for your business (charger wholesaling?) 1. Yes 0. No

17. If yes how many birr? birr

18. Do you have license in charger wholesaling? 1. Yes 0. No

19. If no why?

20. If yes, how do you state the licensing process? 1. Bureaucratic 2. Easy 3. Moderate

21. What are the different opportunities in charger wholesaling?

22. What are the different constraints in charger wholesaling?

Collector data

Name :…………………………

Signature:……………………..

Date: …………………………..