Scribd
Upload
38 views3 pages

Texte

Uploaded by

mwambilaverdie829
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
38 views3 pages

Texte

Uploaded by

mwambilaverdie829
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

Friday, 5th May 2023

Mwambila
Mwambila
Verdie
Grade:8S
Maths/ Homework

Similar Triangles

Similar triangles are triangles that have the same shape, but their sizes may vary.
All equilateral triangles, squares of any side lengths are examples of similar
objects. In other words, if two triangles are similar, then their corresponding
angles are congruent and corresponding sides are in equal proportion. We denote the
similarity of triangles here by ‘~’ symbol.

Table of contents:

• Definition
◦ Example
• Properties
• Formula
• Theorems and proof
◦ AAA
◦ SAS
◦ SSS
• Problem
• Video Lesson
Definition
Two triangles are similar if they have the same ratio of corresponding sides and
equal pair of corresponding angles.
If two or more figures have the same shape, but their sizes are different, then
such objects are called similar figures. Consider a hula hoop and wheel of a cycle,
the shapes of both these objects are similar to each other as their shapes are the
same.

In the figure given above, two circles C1 and C2 with radius R and r respectively
are similar as they have the same shape, but necessarily not the same size. Thus,
we can say that C1~ C2.
It is to be noted that, two circles always have the same shape, irrespective of
their diameter. Thus, two circles are always similar.
Triangle is the three-sided polygon. The condition for the similarity of triangles
is;
i) Corresponding angles of both the triangles are equal, andii)
Corresponding sides of both the triangles are in proportion to each other.
Similar Triangle Example

In the given figure, two triangles ΔABC and ΔXYZ are similar only if,
i) ∠A = ∠X, ∠B = ∠Y and ∠C = ∠Zii) AB/XY = BC/YZ = AC/XZ (Similar
triangles proportions)
Hence, if the above-mentioned conditions are satisfied, then we can say that ΔABC ~
ΔXYZ
It is interesting to know that if the corresponding angles of two triangles are
equal, then such triangles are known as equiangular triangles. For two equiangular
triangles we can state the Basic Proportionality Theorem (better known as Thales
Theorem) as follows:
• For two equiangular triangles, the ratio of any two corresponding sides
is always the same.

Properties
• Both have the same shape but sizes may be different
• Each pair of corresponding angles are equal
• The ratio of corresponding sides is the same

Formulas
According to the definition, two triangles are similar if their corresponding
angles are congruent and corresponding sides are proportional. Hence, we can find
the dimensions of one triangle with the help of another triangle. If ABC and XYZ
are two similar triangles, then by the help of below-given formulas, we can find
the relevant angles and side lengths.
• ∠A = ∠X, ∠B = ∠Y and ∠C = ∠Z
• AB/XY = BC/YZ = AC/XZ
Once we have known all the dimensions and angles of triangles, it is easy to find
the area of similar triangles.
Similar Triangles and Congruent Triangles
The comparison of similar triangles and congruent triangles is given below in the
table.
Similar Triangles Congruent Triangles
They are the same shape but different in size They are the same in shape and size
Symbol is ‘~’ Symbol is ‘≅’
Ratio of all the corresponding sides are same Ratio of corresponding sides are
equal to a constant value

Similar triangles Theorems with Proofs


Let us learn here the theorems used to solve the problems based on similar
triangles along with the proofs for each.
AA (or AAA) or Angle-Angle Similarity
If any two angles of a triangle are equal to any two angles of another triangle,
then the two triangles are similar to each other.
From the figure given above, if ∠ A = ∠X and ∠C = ∠Z then ΔABC ~ΔXYZ.
From the result obtained, we can easily say that,
AB/XY = BC/YZ = AC/XZ
and ∠B = ∠Y
SAS or Side-Angle-Side Similarity
If the two sides of a triangle are in the same proportion of the two sides of
another triangle, and the angle inscribed by the two sides in both the triangle are
equal, then two triangles are said to be similar.
Thus, if ∠A = ∠X and AB/XY = AC/XZ then ΔABC ~ΔXYZ.
From the congruency,
AB/XY = BC/YZ = AC/XZ
and ∠B = ∠Y and ∠C = ∠Z
SSS or Side-Side-Side Similarity
If all the three sides of a triangle are in proportion to the three sides of
another triangle, then the two triangles are similar.
Thus, if AB/XY = BC/YZ = AC/XZ then ΔABC ~ΔXYZ.
From this result, we can infer that-
∠A = ∠X, ∠B = ∠Y and ∠C = ∠ZAlso, read:
• Isosceles Triangle Equilateral
• Area Of A Triangle
• Congruence Of Triangles Class 9
• Important Questions Class 10 Maths Chapter 6 Triangles
Problem and Solutions
Let us go through an example to understand it better.Q.1: In theΔABC length of the
sides are given as AP = 5 cm , PB = 10 cm and BC = 20 cm. Also PQ||BC. Find PQ.

Solution: In ΔABC and ΔAPQ, ∠PAQ is common and ∠APQ = ∠ABC (corresponding angles)
⇒ ΔABC ~ ΔAPQ (AA criterion for similar triangles)
⇒ AP/AB = PQ/BC
⇒ 5/15 = PQ/20
⇒ PQ = 20/3 cm
Q.2: Diagonals AC and BD of a trapezium ABCD with AB || DC intersect each other at
the point O. Using a similarity criterion for two triangles, show that AO/OC =
OB/OD.
Solution: ABCD is a trapezium and O is the intersection of diagonals AC and BD.

In ΔDOC and ΔBOA,


AB || CD, thus alternate interior angles will be equal,
∴∠CDO = ∠ABO
Similarly,
∠DCO = ∠BAO
Also, for the two triangles ΔDOC and ΔBOA, vertically opposite angles will be
equal;
∴∠DOC = ∠BOA
Hence, by AAA similarity criterion,
ΔDOC ~ ΔBOA
Thus, the corresponding sides are proportional.
DO/BO = OC/OA
⇒OA/OC = OB/OD
Hence, proved.
Q.3: Check if the two triangles are similar.

Solution: In triangle PQR, by angle sum property;


∠P + ∠Q + ∠R = 180°
60° + 70° + ∠R = 180°
130° + ∠R = 180°
Subtract both sides by 130°.
∠ R= 50°
Again in triangle XYZ, by angle sum property;
∠X + ∠Y + ∠Z = 180°
∠60° + ∠Y + ∠50°= 180°
∠ 110° + ∠Y = 180 °
Subtract both sides by 110°
∠ Y = 70°
Since,∠Q = ∠ Y = 70° and ∠Z = ∠ R= 50°
Therefore, by Angle-Angle (AA) rule,
ΔPQR~ΔXYZ.

You might also like