L T P C
3 0 0 3
Computer Networks
(Open Elective-II)
Course Objectives:
• To provide insight about networks, topologies, and the key concepts.
• To gain comprehensive knowledge about the layered communication
architectures (OSI and TCP/IP) and its functionalities.
• To understand the principles, key protocols, design issues, and significance
of each layers in ISO and TCP/IP.
• To know the basic concepts of network services and various network
applications.
Course Outcomes:
By the end of the course, the student will be able to
• Demonstrate different network models for networking links OSI, TCP/IP, B-
ISDN, N-BISDN and get knowledge about various communication techniques,
methods and protocol standards.
• Discuss different transmission media and different switching networks.
• Analyze data link layer services, functions and protocols like HDLC and PPP.
• Compare and Classify medium access control protocols like ALOHA, CSMA,
CSMA/CD, CSMA/CA, Polling, Token passing, FDMA, TDMA, CDMA
protocols
• Determine application layer services and client server protocols working with
the client server paradigms like WWW, HTTP, FTP, e-mail and SNMP etc.
UNIT I:
Introduction: Network Types, LAN, MAN, WAN, Network Topologies Reference
models- The OSI Reference Model- the TCP/IP Reference Model - A Comparison
of the OSI and TCP/IP Reference Models, OSI Vs TCP/IP, Lack of OSI models
success, Internet History.
Physical Layer –Introduction to Guided Media- Twisted-pair cable, Coaxial cable
and Fiber optic cable and unguided media: Wireless-Radio waves, microwaves,
infrared.
UNIT II:
Data link layer: Design issues, Framing: fixed size framing, variable size
framing, flow control, error control, error detection and correction codes, CRC,
Checksum: idea, one’s complement internet checksum, services provided to
Network Layer, Elementary Data Link Layer protocols: simplex protocol,
Simplex stop and wait, Simplex protocol for Noisy Channel.
Sliding window protocol: One bit, Go back N, Selective repeat-Stop and wait
protocol, Data link layer in HDLC: configuration and transfer modes, frames,
control field, point to point protocol (PPP): framing transition phase,
multiplexing, multi link PPP.
UNIT – III:
Media Access Control: Random Access: ALOHA, Carrier sense multiple access
(CSMA), CSMA with Collision Detection, CSMA with Collision Avoidance,
Controlled Access: Reservation, Polling, Token Passing, Channelization:
frequency division multiple Access(FDMA), time division multiple access(TDMA),
code division multiple access(CDMA).
Wired LANs: Ethernet, Ethernet Protocol, Standard Ethernet, Fast Ethernet(100
Mbps), Gigabit Ethernet, 10 Gigabit Ethernet.
UNIT – IV:
The Network Layer Design Issues – Store and Forward Packet Switching-
Services Provided to the Transport layer- Implementation of Connectionless
Service-Implementation of Connection Oriented Service- Comparison of Virtual
Circuit and Datagram Networks, Routing Algorithms-The Optimality principle-
Shortest path, Flooding, Distance vector, Link state, Hierarchical, Congestion
Control algorithms-General principles of congestion control, Congestion
prevention polices, Approaches to Congestion Control-Traffic Aware Routing-
Admission Control-Traffic Throttling-Load Shedding. Traffic Control Algorithm-
Leaky bucket & Token bucket.
Internet Working: How networks differ- How networks can be connected-
Tunnelling, internetwork routing-, Fragmentation, network layer in the internet
– IP protocols-IP Version 4 protocol-IPV4 Header Format, IP addresses, Class full
Addressing, CIDR, NAT-, Subnets-IP Version 6-The main IPV6 header, Transition
from IPV4 to IPV6, Comparision of IPV4 & IPV6- Internet control protocols-
ICMP-ARP-DHCP
UNIT –V:
The Transport Layer: Transport layer protocols: Introduction-services- port
number-User data gram protocol-User datagram-UDP services-UDP
applications-Transmission control protocol: TCP services- TCP features-
Segment- A TCP connection- windows in TCP- flow control-Error control,
Congestion control in TCP.
Application Layer –- World Wide Web: HTTP, Electronic mail-Architecture- web
based mail- email security- TELENET-local versus remote Logging-Domain Name
System: Name Space, DNS in Internet ,- Resolution-Caching- Resource Records-
DNS messages- Registrars-security of DNS Name Servers, SNMP.
Text Books:
1. Computer Networks, Andrew S Tanenbaum, Fifth Edition. Pearson
Education/PHI
2. Data Communications and Networks, Behrouz A. Forouzan, Fifth Edition
TMH.
