Question 1 (11 marks)

(a) Define density. [2]

(b) A student wishes to find the density of a seashell. He uses a measuring cylinder and a

spring balance with a scale marked in newtons. The measuring cylinder, spring balance

and seashell are shown below.

cm 3
100

80
70
60
so
40
30
20
10

The student knows that the gravitational field strength is 10 N / kg.

(i) Describe how the student uses the sp ring balance t o find the mass of the

seashell. [2]
(ii) Describe how the student uses the measuring cylinder to find the volume of the

seashell. [2]
(iii) Which error should be avoided when reading volume in the measuring cylinder?

[1]
(iv) How are you going to avoid the error stated in part (iii)? [2]
(v) The mass of the seashell is found to be 140 g and its volume 50 cm 3 • Calculate

the density of the stone in g/cm 3 • (2)

Question 2 (11 marks)

(a) Give one difference between speed and velocity. [1]

(b) Define acceleration. [2)

(c) (i) A car accelerates from rest in a straight line. During the first 20 s, the acceleration is

uniform and the car reaches a speed of 30 m/s. Calculate the acceleration of the car. [3]

(ii) After the first 20 s, the speed of the car continues to increase but the acceleration

decreases. From 40 s to 60 s after the start, the car moves at a constant speed of 40 m/s.

Copy the axes given with the same scale and Sketch a possible speed-time graph for the

car.

Page I2
 20 40 60 80
ti.m e/a

[3]

(iii) At t = 60 s, the driver sees a dog on the road and then applies the brakes to stop the ca r.

1.Define thinking distance. (1)

2.Define braking distance. (1)

Question 3 (11 marks)

Astronauts are sent to Mars to examine rocks on its surface. They will then require to write
a report containing information about conditions on Mars.

a) Define weight. [2]

b) The gravitational field strength on the surface of Mars is 3.7 N/kg. Calculate the

weight, on Mars, of a rock of mass 0. 75 kg. [2]

c) The rock is dropped on the surface of Mars. State the acceleration of the falling
rock. Assume that there is no air resistance on Mars. [2]

d) Calculate t he kinetic energy of the 0.75 kg rock as it strikes the surface at a speed

of 3.2 m/s. [3]

e) The same rock is brought on Earth. Will it have the same weight that it had on

Mars? Why? (2)

Question 4 (10 m arks)

(a) Two horizontal forces that act on a car as shown below. The car is travelling along a
straight level road. Force Bis caused by air resistance and friction.

(b)

force B force A

i. State the name for force A. [1]

ii. Define friction. (2)

Page I3
iii. The forward force A and the backward force Bare equal. Describe the motion of the car.

[l]
iv. The mass of the car is 950 kg. Force A increases to 8000 N. This causes the car to

accelerate initially at 1.5 m/s 2 . Calculate the size of force B. [3]

(c) A ca r of mass 950 kg climbs a hill and rises a vertical distance of 150 m. Calculate the

gain in potential energy of the car. (The gravitational field strength g is 10 N / kg.) [3]

Question 5 (6 marks)

The following figure, shows the apparatus used to obtain the readings for a graph of force
against extension for a spring.

5upport

s
Pointer --
10

15 -- 5c:ale
20 :

·•1e111t1 25
-- I

30

The masses added produce a force that stretches the sp ring.

(a) Define mass. [1]

(b) Describe how the scale is used to find the extension of the spring. [2]
(c) State Hooke' s law. [2]

Page 14
 (d) The force-extension graphs for two different springs are shown below.

30 ..
..
25 spring A
force / N
20 spring B

15

10

00 2 4 6 8 10
extension/ cm

State the force at the limit of proportionality for spring B. [l]

Question 6 (9 marks)

The velocity of an object of mass m increases from u to v.

(a) Define linear momentum. [2]

(b) Define impulse. [2]

(c) State in terms of m, u and v, the change in momentum of the object. [2]
(d) In a game of tennis, a player hits a stationary ball with his racquet. The racquet is in

contact with the ball for 6.0 ms. The average force on the ball during this time is 400

N. Calculate the impulse on the tennis ball. [3]

Question 7 (ll marks)

Wind is a renewable source of energy. A wind turbine and generator convert energy in the

wind to electrical energy in a generator.

(a) State two other renewable sources of energy. [2]

(b) What is meant by a renewable source of energy? [2]

(c) State one non-renewable source of energy used to produce electricity. [l]
(d) During a 40 minutes period, a mass of 3.2 x 10 7 kg of air enters the turbine with a

speed of 14 m/s.
(i) Calculate the kinetic energy of the air that enters the turbine in 40 minutes.[2]

(ii) The electrical power output of the generator connected to the turbine is
8.4 x 10s W. Calculate the electrical energy output from the turbine in 40

minutes. [2]

(iii) Calculate the efficiency of the turb ine and generator in converting the kinetic

energy of the air to electrical energy. [2]

Page I5
Quest ion 8 (11 m arks)

A gas is t rapped at atmospheric pressure in a cylinder by a piston . The piston is held in a

fixed position by a movable rod as shown below.

pcston -
_____ -
c=========::;=;:=====::;
.. .....-,,,. .../
.., ·.·•.·•
· · ·. · : •
......
'rapped gas

rod

The cylinder is heated. As the temperature of the gas increases, its pressure increases.

(a) Explain, In terms of molecules, why the pressure of t he trapped gas increases. (3)

The rod is pulled down and the piston is then free to move as shown below.

I
- cyknder

" rod
As the piston moves, the temperature of the gas remains constant.

(b) State and explain, in terms of molecules, what happens to the pressure of the gas. [4]
(c) Copy the boxes and draw the arrangement in them of molecules in a solid and a liquid in

the boxes below. (4)

Solid Liquid

END OF QUESTION PAPER

Page I6