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B Grammar
B1 So and such
So and such make the words that follow stronger:
so + adjective or adverb such + (a) + (adjective) + noun
You’re so lazy. (adjective) You’re such a lazy person. (countable noun)
You’re so lucky. (adjective) You say such unkind things. (plural countable noun)
You lose weight so easily. (adverb) You talk such nonsense. (uncountable noun)
so + many/few + (adj) + countable noun: such + a lot of + countable or + uncountable noun
You make so many excuses. You make such a lot of excuses.
I’ve got so few nice clothes.
so + much/little + (adj) + uncountable noun
They cost so much money. They cost such a lot of money.
I have so little time.
➡C1
B2 So and such + (that) ...
We use so and such + (that) to say why something happens.
Action/event etc. so/such + (that) result
I’m so busy (that) I can’t think about keeping fit.
= I can’t think about keeping fit because I’m extremely busy.
He walked so slowly (that) we arrived late.
= We arrived late because he walked extremely slowly.
It was such an untidy office (that) we couldn’t find our books.
= We couldn’t find our books because the office was extremely untidy.
The news was such a shock (that) they didn’t know what to say.
= They didn’t know what to say because the news was a big shock.
Max ate so many sweets (that) he felt ill.
= Max felt ill because he ate a lot of sweets.
Max lost so much weight (that) he had to buy new clothes.
= Max had to buy new clothes because he’d lost a lot of weight.
➡C2
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So/such; too/enough
B3 Enough and too
Enough means the right quantity. Too means more than enough.
Enough goes: Too goes:
◆ before a noun: ◆ before many/much + noun:
suficiente
We’ve got enough sandwiches. We’ve got too many sandwiches.
We haven’t got enough sandwiches. We’ve got too much food.
◆ after an adjective/adverb: ◆ before an adjective/adverb:
suficientemente
This room is warm enough. This room is too warm.
This room isn’t warm enough. This room is too cold.
Am I speaking loudly enough? Am I speaking too loudly?
➡C3
B4 enough and too + to infinitive or for
If we want to add information we use:
◆ enough/too + to infinitive.
It’s too far to walk.
It’s not near enough to walk.
Have you got enough work to do?
He wasn’t running quickly enough to catch us.
◆ enough/too + for something/someone.
This shirt is too small for me.
I don’t have enough money for gym membership. ➡C4
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C Grammar exercises
C1 Fill in the gaps with so or such.
1 Everyone likes her because she’s so funny.
2 That was an unkind thing to say.
3 He has few good friends.
4 Our team lost because they played badly.
5 My brother’s handsome all my friends want to meet him.
6 We had fun at the seaside.
7 I saw many wonderful places when I was on holiday.
8 It was a lovely surprise to see my cousin at the meeting.
9 I’m sorry I have little time for sightseeing on my business trips.
10 It’s a pity you can’t come with us to the theatre.
C2 Fill in each gap in this email with one of the phrases a–g.
a they had no time for a break
b I got there in ten minutes
c they were selling very quickly
d I could hardly get in the door
e I had to come home in a taxi
f everyone wants them
g nobody believes him
Hi Suzi
How are you?
Yesterday I bought so many new clothes 1 e ! My brother Ricky told me there was a
half-price sale on at Gabrielle’s, you know, that expensive shop in town. It sells such
beautiful clothes that 2 .
Well, at first, I wasn’t sure because Ricky usually talks such nonsense 3 . Anyway,
Mum said it was true. I ran so fast 4 . The shop already had so many customers
5 . The clothes were so cheap 6 . I did find some good things. I felt sorry for
the staff, though. They were working so hard all day that 7 . When can you come
and see what I bought?
Love
Frances
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So/such; too/enough
C3 Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first. Use the word in
brackets.
1 This coffee is very sweet. I can’t drink it.
This coffee is too sweet. (too)
2 You can’t put all your clothes in your leather suitcase.
Your leather suitcase (enough)
3 I’ve got a lot of work to do. I can’t finish it all.
I’ve got (too)
4 The weather’s cold and this jacket is too light.
This jacket (enough)
5 You don’t need any more CDs.
You’ve got (enough)
6 You should eat more slowly.
You eat (too)
7 I need to have my hair cut.
My hair (too)
8 We’ve got lots of extra glasses, we don’t need them all.
We’ve got (too)
9 I don’t play games on my computer because it has very little memory.
I don’t play games on my computer because it (enough)
10 She got up late so she missed the bus.
She missed the bus because she (enough)
C4 Read this conversation and underline the correct word, to or for.
Landlady: This is your bedroom. I hope it’s big enough 1 to/for you and this cupboard is
for clothes. Is there enough room 2 to/for all your things?
Student: Yes, I think so.
Landlady: We can put your big suitcase in the basement if it’s too big 3 to/for go on top
of the cupboard.
Student: Thank you.
Landlady: The bathroom is next door. Switch the water heater on in the morning so
there’s enough hot water 4 to/for have a shower. Can you understand
everything? Do I speak slowly enough 5 to/for you?
Student: Yes, I can understand you. But my English isn’t good enough 6 to/for say
everything I want to.
Landlady: Oh, don’t worry, I’m sure you’ll soon learn.
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D Exam practice ! This task tests
grammar from the
rest of the book
Writing Part 1 as well as the
grammar in
Here are some sentences about a motorbike. this unit.
For each question, complete the second sentence so that it means
the same as the first.
Use no more than three words.
Example:
0 I was given a motorbike by my uncle.
My uncle gave me a motorbike.
1 It was such a surprise I didn’t know what to say.
I was so I didn’t know what to say.
2 I have such a lot of friends who would like a motorbike.
I have so friends who would like a motorbike.
3 My father said I was too young to ride it.
My father said I wasn’t to ride it.
4 I told him not to worry.
I said to him: ‘ worry.’
5 If he won’t let me ride it, I’ll be angry.
Unless he me ride it, I’ll be angry.
Grammar focus task
Look at the sentences below. Write similar sentences with the same meaning.
Use sentences 1, 2 and 3 above to help you.
1 I had such a shock I didn’t know what to say.
2 I have such a lot of money I don’t know what to spend it on.
3 My father said I was too small to be a firefighter.
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