AHand Bookof Karnataka 2020
Uploaded by
Punith GowdaAHand Bookof Karnataka 2020
Uploaded by
Punith GowdaChikaveera Rajendra Bharatha Sindhu Rashmi
Government of Karnataka
S.Y. Bettegowda
Chief Editor (I/C)
Karnataka Gazetteer Department
Bengaluru
I
A Government of Karnataka Publication
English Kannada
First Edition 1996 1996
Second Edition 2001 2011
Third Edition 2005 2012
2017
Fourth Edition 2010
2018 (Reprint)
Fifth Edition 2015
Sixth Edition 2020 -
© Government of Karnataka 2020
Copies (Including DVD) can be had from:
Office of the Chief Editor, Karnataka Gazetteer,
Bengaluru - 560009
Director
Government Central Book Depot,
First Floor, M.S. Building, Block-I,
Dr. Ambedkar Veedhi, Bengaluru - 560001
Deputy Director
Government Branch Press
Mysuru
Dharwad and
Kalaburagi
S.Y. Bettegowda
Chief Editor (I/C)
KARNATAKA GAZETTEER DEPARTMENT
8th Floor, BWSSB Building, Cauvery Bhavan,
Bengaluru-560009.
Ph: 080-22213474
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.gazetteer.kar.nic.in
Printed at:
M/s Lavanya Mudrana,
# 79, T.R. Mill Compound
5th Main, 9th Cross,
Chamarajapet,
Bengaluru - 560018
II
A MESSAGE
Department of Karnataka Gazetteer has brought out a most
useful, authentic and informative volume ‘A Handbook of
Karnataka’ which has served students taking competitive
examinations and scholars as well as public exceedingly well.
I congratulate Shri S.Y. Bettegowda, Chief Editor (I/C) and those
who have worked in collaboration with him in bringing out this
volume.
R.R.Jannu, I.A.S
Secretary,
Kannada and Culture
III
PREFACE
T he idea of compiling and publishing a monograph entitled ‘A Hand Book of Karnataka’
by the Karnataka Gazetteer Department, was a result of the suggestion made in
1995 by a retired I.A.S. officer Sri. K. Balasubrahmanyam, then a member of the Gazetteer
Advisory Committee. He cited the example of the book ‘Mysore Kaipidi’, edited by Rao Bahadur
C.Hayavadana Rao, published in the year 1937, and advised the Gazetteer department to follow
it, as a model for the book titled “A Hand Book of Karnataka”. Accordingly the department first
published it in the year 1996. The book aimed at creating the historical and cultural awareness
about Karnataka in a nutshell. It was more comprehensive and illustrative compared to the
old Hand Book of 1937.
Karnataka, the land of the Kannada speaking people is a veritable treasure trove of history,
culture and tradition. Situated in the southern peninsula of India, it covers an area of about
1,91,791 Sq.Km with a population of 6,10,95,297 as per 2011 census. Steeped in history,
Karnataka has always been a very tolerant state, where many religions have been practiced
and co-existed in harmony. The administration has a long-standing tradition handed down
and honed through many generations. The British rule has left an indelible mark on the
infrastructure of the state, and the dynasties and rulers, who were benignant and generous
and patrons of the fine arts, have made the people accept and imbibe the imprint of successive
dynasties. Innumerable pre-historic remains, structures and monuments dotting the length
and breadth of the state draw archaeologists and tourists from all over the world. Scenic
destinations such as the hills, forests, rivers and the coastline offer an infinite variety of
attractions. The temple architecture of Karnataka is unique and world famous. Famous
philosophers have left their imprints which contribute to the stability in the state environment.
Karnataka has a proliferation of industries and over the last decade and a half, Karnataka
and particularly its capital, Bengaluru, have firmly established themselves on the global
firmament with the IT industry. All the major IT companies of the world have vied with each
other to establish a base for themselves in the State. In science and technology too, the State
is in the forefront. Karnataka has a long tradition of overseas trade. Historically, Karnataka
has been a major exporter of commodities like coffee, spices, silk, cashewnuts, handicrafts
and agarbathies. Karnataka’s exports amounted to about Rs.5,45,780 crore in 2017-18 which
constituted about 18.05% of the Country’s exports in that year. Karnataka’s exports were
Rs.3,24,078.10 crore during the period of April-Sept 2018.
This Hand Book of Karnataka is a condensed and abridged version of the State Gazetteer.
It contains the developments pertaining to various fields made by the State and is presented
here in a comprehensive manner. The first edition of the ‘A Hand Book of Karnataka’ was
published in the year 1996, by the Karnataka Gazetteer Department. The Kannada version of
this book was also published in the same year (1996). Subsequently between the years 2001
and 2015 four more editions were published. As different editions of this book were published,
IV
it was noticed by the Department that the Hand Book has become one of the most sought for
reference book, by the candidates who have been taking up different competitive examinations
and to others who are interested to know about the State. Hence, the Department has taken
special efforts to see that this book is revised as and when possible so that it fulfils the needs
of the candidates appearing for the various examinations.
The present edition of ‘A Hand Book of Karnataka’ has been thoroughly revised and updated
as much as possible by referring annual reports of Government Departments, Publications of
Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Census Reports and other miscellaneous reports as
well as concerned departmental websites. This Hand Book incorporates a lot of information
along with relevant photographs.
The Department acknowledges the great support of our Honourable Minister Sri C.T. Ravi,
Minister for Tourism, Kannada and Culture & Sugar to this Department and in the publication
of this book.
Further, the Department is also highly indebted to our Secretary R.R.Jannu, I.A.S., Kannada
and Culture for his day-to-day guidance and to see that the Department could bring out this
book in time to meet the needs of the candidates taking up the different examinations.
The Gazetteer Department expresses its regards to all the Central and State Departments
and Corporations. The Department thanks Directorate of Census operations, Bengaluru,
Directorate of Economics & Statistics and Planning Department for providing us necessary
information for the publication of this volume, whose reports have been extensively used in
this book. The Department also acknowledges M/S Lavanya Mudrana, Bengaluru for printing
this book in time.
To conclude, I fully acknowledge the work and compliment the Editorial staff and other
supporting staff of the Department, who have joined hands in accomplishing this task
successfully.
S.Y. Bettegowda
Chief Editor (I/C)
Karnataka Gazetteer Department
Bengaluru
V
TABLE OF CONTENTS
A MESSAGE III
PREFACE IV
TABLE OF CONTENTS VI
ABOUT THE KARNATAKA GAZETTEER DEPARTMENT XII
CHAPTER - I
INTRODUCTION 1- 112
Location and Boundaries(5), Area and Population(5), Human Development(13), Territorial
Changes(15), Administrative Divisions(15), Physiography(17), Topography(17), Geology(18), Water
Resources(20), Krishna Basin(27), Cauvery Basin(28), Godavari Basin(30), Pennar and Palar
Basins(30), West-Flowing Rivers(30), Ground Water Resources(31), Climate(32), Rainfall(33),
Temperature(33), Forests and Wildlife (42), National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries(52), Forest
Corporations(63), Forest Protection(64), Fauna(67), Flora(69), Floral Diversity(71), Faunal
Diversity(73), Environment Situation in Karnataka(77), Air Pollution(78), Department of Ecology
and Environment(79), Karnataka State Pollution Control Board(82), Karnataka Bio-diversity
Board(94), Directorate of Information Technology & Bio-technology(105), Karnataka State Natural
Disaster Monitoring Centre(108), Seismicity of Karnataka(109).
Revised and Edited by: S.N.Raju, K.S.Bhavya
CHAPTER - II
HISTORY 113 - 176
Pre-history and Beginnings of Civilization(113), The Formative Period: The Early Historical
Phase(115), Mauryas(116), S(Sh)atavahanas (C.30 B.C-230 A.D) (117), Chutas and Marathis(117),
Kadambas of Banavasi (C.345-540 A.D) (118), Alupas of Tulunadu (C. 2nd–14th Cen. A.D) (119),
Gangas of Talakad (C.350-1024 A.D.) (120), Chalukyas of Badami (C. 540-757 A.D.) (121),
Rashtrakutas of Malkhed (C.753-973 A.D.) (122), Chalukyas of Kalyana (C.973-1189 A.D.) (124),
Sevunas of Devagiri (C.1173-1318 A.D.) (125), Hoysalas of Dwarasamudra (C.1052-1342 A.D.)
(126), Vijayanagara Empire (C.1336-1646 A.D.) (127), Bahamani Kingdom (C.1347-1520 A.D.)
(129), Adilshahis of Vijayapura (1489-1686 A.D.) (130), Keladi Kingdom(131), Marathas(131),
Wodeyars of Mysuru(132), Hydar Ali(132), Tipu Sultan(133), Coorg (Kodagu) Chiefs(133), British
rule(134), Commissioners’ Regime(134), Rendition(134), Economic Changes(135), Anti-British
Uprisings(135), Beginning of Renaissance(136), Modernisation(137), Cultural Developments(139),
Fight for Freedom(140), Gandhiji’s Early Visits to Karnataka(140), Gandhiji in Karnataka
(1927)(141), Civil Disobedience Movement(142), Gandhiji in Karnataka (1934) (142), Gandhiji’s
later Visits to Karnataka (1936 & 1937)(143), Flag Satyagraha(143), “Quit India Movement”
1942-43(144), Mysuru Chalo (1947)(144), Unification of Karnataka(144), General Elections in
Karnataka(145), Election Reforms(147), LokSabha Elections 2019 – Karnataka - Constituency
Wise Election Results(150), List of Assembly Parliamentary Constituency Election Results(152),
Governors of Karnataka(168), Chief ministers of State (168).
Revised and Edited by: S.N.Raju, K.S.Bhavya
VI
CHAPTER - III
PEOPLE 177 - 240
Demography-Growth of Population(177), Sex Ratio(183), Density of Population(187), Marital
Status(189), Urbanisation(194), Rural Areas(195), Houses, Households and Amenities(199),
Institutional Population(202), Migration(202), Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes
Population(206), Literacy(212), Disabled Population(217), Languages(222), Religion(223),
Backward Classes Commissions of Karnataka(225), Relevance of Caste(228), Economic
Criterion(229), Hinduism(230), Buddhism(230), Jainism(231), Veerashaivism(231),
Vaishnavism(231), Sikhism(232), Folk Religion(232), Shakti Worship(233), Islam(233), Sufi
Cult(233), Christianity(233), Parsi Religion(233), Bhakti Movement(234), Modern Religious
Movements(234), Festivals and Fairs(234), Jatras(235), Important Fairs and Festivals of the
State(235).
Revised and Edited by:S.Y.Bettegowda, Roopa.D
CHAPTER - IV
AGRICULTURE AND ALLIED ACTIVITES 241-352
Ancient Agriculture(241), Agriculture in Karnataka(242), Agricultural Policy of Karnataka(243),
Agricultural Censuses(245), Climate(248), Land Utilization(249), Cropping Pattern(249), Rainfed
Farming(251), Agriculture Inputs(259), Seeds(259), Plant Protection(260), Organic Farming(261),
Agriculture Development Programmes(262), National Food Security Mission (NFSM) (263), Soil
Health Mission(264), Crop Insurance Scheme(266), Bhoo Chetana(268), Suvarna Bhoomi
Yojane(268), Raitha Samparka Kendra(270), Watershed Development(276), Karnataka State
Seeds Corporation Limited(282), Karnataka Togari Abhivrudhi Mandali Limited, Kalaburagi(284),
Karnataka State Agro Corn Products Ltd(285), Karnataka Agro Industries Corporation
Limited(285), The Mysore Tobacco Company Limited(286), Horticulture(288), Karnataka State
Mango Development Board(300), Karnataka State Spices Development Board(301), Karnataka
State Mango Development and Marketing Corporation Ltd(301), Karnataka State Horticulture
Federation (KHF) (302), Biotechnology(302), Mango Development Board(312), Animal Husbandry
and Veterinary Services(313), Karnataka Sheep and Wool Development Corporation (KSWDCL)
(316), Poultry Development(317), Piggery Development(317), Rabbit Development(318), Feed and
Fodder Development(318), Institute of Animal Health and Veterinary Biologicals, Bengaluru(320),
Fisheries(325), Marine Fisheries(327), Inland Fisheries(328), Fish Sanctuaries in Karnataka(328),
Irrigation(333), Command Area Development Programme(335), Water Resources Development
Organisation(WRDO)(336), Central Mechanical Organization (CMO) (342), Karnataka Engineering
Research Station, Krishnarajasagar(342), Water and Land Management Institute (WALMI)
(343), Advanced Centre for Integrated Water Resources Management (ACIWRM) (343), Irrigation
Projects(344).
Revised and Edited by: S.N.Raju, K.S.Bhavya
CHAPTER - V
INDUSTRIES AND POWER 353 - 424
Industrial Growth by Use-based Classification(355), Organized Manufacturing Sector(358),
Unorganized Manufacturing Sector(359), Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises(361),
Traditional Industries(364), Beginning of Modern Industries(366), Economic Conference(367),
Public Sector Units(369), State Government Industries(371), Information Technology(372),
International Technology Park Ltd.(374), Karnataka State Electronics Development Corporation
VII
Limited (KEONICS)(374), Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO)(375), Indian National
Satellite (INSAT) System(376), Infrastructure for Space Development(376), Space Sciences
(CHANDRAYANA-I)(376), Industrial Status(376), Selected Industrial Sectors(380), Textiles
Industries(381), Sericulture(382), Karnataka Silk Marketing Board Ltd.,(383), Handicrafts(385),
Coir Industries(385), Khadi and Village Industries(386), Large and Medium Scale Industries(386),
Mineral Resources In Karnataka(388), Mining and Mineral Resources(388), Karnataka State
Mineral Policy 2008(388), Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)(390), Karnataka State Small Industries
Development Corporation (KSSIDC)(392), Karnataka State Financial Corporation (KSFC)
(392), Karnataka State Industrial Investment and Development Corporation (KSIIDC)(393),
Department of Public Enterprises(394), Export from Karnataka(394), Karnataka Industrial
Policy 2009-14(396), Power Sector(412), Karnataka Renewable Energy Development Limited
(KREDL)(422), Rural Electrification(422), Solar Policy(422), Rural Energy Programmes(423),
Investment in Power Sector(424).
Revised and Edited by:S.Y.Bettegowda, Roopa.D
CHAPTER - VI
BANKING, CO-OPERATION, TRADE AND COMMERCE 425- 464
Unorganized Banking Sector(426), Bengaluru (Cantonment) the Hub of Money Lending(427),
Regulations(427), Mushroom Growth of Banking(428), Joint Stock Banks in the Princely
Mysore(429), Development of Banking(430), Changing trends in Banking Industries(432), Banking
Network(432), Spread of Banking(433), Performance of Banking in General(433), Deposits and
Advances(433), Priority Sector Advances(434), Infrastructure Status of implementation of Rural
Development Fund (RIDF)(435), Programme status(435), Kisan Credit Cards(436), Co-operative
Credit(438), Bharat Mahila Bank (B.M.B.)(440), Foreign Banks(441), Human Resources(441),
Automatic Teller Machine (A.T.M.)(441), Redressal of Customers’ Grievances(443), Agriculture
Banks(443), Agricultural Credit (444), Co-operative Movement in Karnataka(444), K.C.S.Act
1959(450), Karnataka Souharda Co-operative Act, 2001(450), Yeshasvini Co-operative Farmers
Health Care Scheme - Regulated Market(450), Development of Markets in Backward Areas(452),
Raitha Sanjeevini Scheme(452), Janashri Bima Yojana(452), Karnataka State Warehousing
Corporation(457), Coins and Currency(458), Department of Legal Metrology (460).
Revised and Edited by:S.Y.Bettegowda, Roopa.D
CHAPTER - VII
TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATIONS 465 - 544
Development of Roads(466), National Highways(469), State Highways(472), Major District
Roads(475), Other District Road(476), Rural Roads(477), Rural Communication Programme(478),
Karnataka Road Development Agency(479), Bridges(480), Road Census(480), Road Development
Plan 2001-2021(480), Pradhana Manthri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY)(482), Bengaluru City
and its Fly-overs(483), Transport Department(484), Road Accidents(493), Public Conveyance(493),
Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC)(496), Financial Performance(497),
Bengaluru Metropolitan Transport Corporation (BMTC)(497), Devaraj Urs Truck Terminal
Corporation(500), Namma Metro(501), Railways(502), Electrification of Railway Route(507),
Railways projects(509), Air Transport(513), Regional Connectivity Scheme (RCS)-Passport Office
(516), Water Transport(517), Centrally Sponsored Coastal Berth Scheme(518), Inland Water
Transport Activities(519), Ocean Transport(520), Ports of Karnataka(520), Postal Services(525),
Telegraph(529), Telecommunication(530), Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd., (BSNL)(537), Broadband
Services(538), National Telecom Policy 2018(539), All India Radio(539), Television(540).
Revised and Edited by:S.Y.Bettegowda, Roopa.D
VIII
CHAPTER - VIII
ECONOMIC TRENDS AND PLANNING 545 - 584
Advent of British(545), Planning in Mysuru(545), Development under plans(546), General
Overview(551), State Income(551), Per capita Income (552), District-wise Income of
Karnataka(552), Prices(563), Inflation(563), Wholesale Price Index (563), Agricultural
Commodities(564), Consumer price Index(566), Consumer Price Index for Agricultural
Labourers(571), State Finances(572), Employment(573), Placements and Vacancies(576),
Worker Population Ratio (WPR)(576), Unemployment Rate (UR)(577), Wage Employment
Programmes(578), NITI Aayog(580).
Revised and Edited by:S.Y.Bettegowda, Roopa.D
CHAPTER IX
ADMINISTRATION 585 - 648
Department of Revenue(586), Legal Administration(587), Land Reforms(588), Bhoomi(589),
Department of Stamps and Registration(590), Khajane: Online Treasury System(592),
Police Administration(593), Police Training(600), Home Guards(601), Fire and Emergency
Service(603), Department of Sainik Welfare and Resettlement(604), Prisons(604), Karnataka
Lokayukta (605), Judicial Administration(606), Karnataka State Legal Services Authority(608),
Consumer Forum(610), Bar Council(611), Karnataka Judicial Academy(614), Local Self
Government(619), Panchayati Raj(620), Municipal Administration(626), Karnataka Housing
Board(636), The Karnataka Public Service Commission(636), Administrative Training Institute,
Mysore(637), Janaspandana Cell(637), Karnataka Information Commission(637), Department
of Kannada and Culture(638), Department of Archaeology Museums and Heritage(639),
Kannada Development Authority(639), Chamarajendra Academy of Visual Arts(640), Hampi
World Heritage Area Management Authority(640), The Karnataka Border Area Development
Authority(640), Department of Information(641), Karnataka Gazetteer Department (641).
Revised and Edited by:S.Y.Bettegowda, S.N. Raju
CHAPTER - X
EDUCATION AND SPORTS 649 - 808
Modern Education-beginning(649), Literacy (649), Pre-Primary Education(650), Elementary
Education(651), Secondary Education(655), Pre-University Education(657), Teacher Training
Course–D.Ed.,(659), Pre-Primary Teacher Training Institutes(660), Collegiate Education(660),
Colleges of Education (B.Ed.,)(663), University Education(665), Mysore University(665),
Karnatak University(668), Bangalore University(669), Mangalore University(671), Gulbarga
University(674), Kuvempu University(675), Kannada University(677), The Karnataka State
Open University(681), Visvesvaraya Technological University (VTU)(683), Karnataka State
Akkamahadevi Women’s University(686), Tumkur University(688), Davangere University(689),
The Rani Channamma University(692), Vijayanagara Sri Krishnadevaraya University (VSKU)
(692), Karnataka Samskrit University(693), Karnataka Folklore University(695), Bangalore
Central University(696), Bangalore North University (698), Karnataka State Rural Development
and Panchayat Raj University, Gadag(698), University of Agricultural Sciences (UAS), GKVK,
Bengaluru(699), University of Agricultural Sciences (UAS) Dharwad(701), University of
Agricultural Sciences Raichur(705), The University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences,
Shivamogga (UAHS)(707), University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot(709), Karnataka
Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University(711), Karnataka State Law University(712),
IX
Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences(713), Central University of Karnataka(714), The
Indian Institute of Science (IISc)(714), The International Institute of Information Technology,
Bengaluru(716), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR),
Bengaluru(718), The National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS)(720),
Karnataka Regional Engineering College(721), Indian Institute of Management Bengaluru(724),
The National Law School of India University(725), Indian Institute of Information Technology,
Dharwad(727), Indian Institute of Technology Dharwad (IIT Dharwad)(729), Indian Institute of
Astro Physics(730), Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesaraghatta, Bengaluru(733),
Central Horticultural Experiment Station, Chettalli(736), Azim Premji University(738),
PES University, Bengaluru(740), M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences (MSRUAS),
Bengaluru(741), REVA University, Bengaluru(742), The Dayananda Sagar University(744),
Rai Technology University (RTU)(745), JSS Science and Technology University(746), KLE
Technological University, Belagavi(749), The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences
and Technology(752), Adichunchanagiri University (ACU)(753), Garden City University (754),
Khaja Bandanawaz University (KBNU), Kalaburagi(756), Manipal Academy of Higher Education,
Manipal(757), Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana or VYASA, Bengaluru(757), Sri
Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research (SDUAHER), Kolar(758), The Yenepoya
Deemed to be University, Mangaluru(760), BLDE (Deemed to be University), Vijayapura(762),
JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru(764), Sri Siddhartha Academy of Higher
Education, Tumakuru(766), CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru(767), Jain (Deemed
to be University), Bengaluru(768), NITTE Deemed to be University, Mangaluru(769), K.L.E.
Academy of Higher Education & Research, Belagavi Deemed to be University(770), Rajiv Gandhi
University of Health Sciences (RGUHS)(774), Mass Education(775), Department of Technical
Education(775), Public Library(778), Sports(783), Physical Education and Sports (796).
Revised and Edited by: S.N.Raju, K.S.Bhavya
CHAPTER - XI
MEDICAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICES 809 - 872
Vital Statistics(809), Sample Registration System (SRS)(810), Medical Certification of Cause of
Death(MCCD)(811), Directorate of Health and Family Welfare Services(815), Administration and
Direction(815), Family Welfare Services(820), Health Statistics: Communicable Diseases(822),
Vector Borne Diseases(823), Climate change and health(834), Directorate of Medical
Education(836), Nursing Activities(839), Autonomous Medical Institutions(839), New Medical
Colleges(840), Department of AYUSH(Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and
Homeopathy) (844), State Health Policy(848), Women’s Health(851), Children’s Health(852),
Mental Health Disability(852), Dental Health/Oral Health(854), Karnataka Pharmaceutical
Policy 2012(857), List of Major Hospitals in Karnataka (861).
Revised and Edited by: S.N.Raju, K.S.Bhavya
CHAPTER XII
SOCIAL WELFARE MEASURES 873 - 920
Labour Welfare(873), The main activities of the Department (873), Schemes Implemented
by the Department(874), Employees State Insurance Scheme(874), Women and Child
Welfare(877), Programmes of Child Development(880), Department for the empowerment of
Differently abled and Senior Citizens(884), Social Welfare Department(888), Department
of Scheduled Tribes Welfare(890), Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Development Corporation(894),
Karnataka Residential Education Institution Society (KREIS), Bengaluru(894),
X
Central Relief Committee and Nirashrithara Parihara Kendras(895), Karnataka Thanda
Development Corporation Ltd., Bengaluru(896), Backward Classes Welfare Department(897),
Morarji Desai Residential Schools(899), D. Devaraj Urs Backward Classes Development
Corporation(900), D. Devaraja Urs Research Institute, Bengaluru(901), Karnataka State
Commission for Backward Classes(902), Minority Welfare, Haj and WAKF Department(902),
Karnataka Minorities Development Corporation Limited(904), Karnataka State Minorities
Commission Bengaluru(905), Karnataka Rural Infrastructure Development Limited(905),
Department of Sainik Welfare and Resettlement, Bengaluru(906).
Revised and Edited by:S.Y.Bettegowda, Roopa.D
CHAPTER XIII
LITERATURE AND CULTURE 921 - 992
Literature(921), Science Literature in Kannada(928), Jnanapeeta Award, Karnataka Ratna
Award, Basava Puraskara, Kanakashri Prashasti, Samyama Prashasti, Pampa Prashasti,
Rajyothsava Award(932), Danachintamani Attimabbe Prashasti, Janapada Sri Award, Rastrakavi
Award(933), Academys(933), Karnataka Sahitya Academy(933), Kuvempu Bhasha Bharathi
Pradhikara, Karnataka Sangita and Nritya Academy, Karnataka Lalithakala Academy(934),
Karnataka Nataka Academy(935), Karnataka Yakshagana Bayalata Academy(935), Karnataka
Janapada Academy(936), Gaddagimutt Award(936), Ji.Sham.Pa Award(936), Karnataka
Shilpakala Academy(936), Jakanachari Award, Karnataka Urdu Academy, Konkani Sahitya
Academy, Karnataka Tulu Sahitya Academy(937), Karnataka Kodava Sahitya Academy,
Karnataka Bary (Beary) Sahitya Academy, Karnataka Science and Technology Academy,
Kendra Sahitya Academy(938), Translation Awards(941), Bharata Ratna Award, Dada Phalke
Award(943), Padma Vibhushana Award(943), Padma Bhooshana Award(943), Padmashri
Award(945), Kannada Pustaka Pradhikara(947), Kannada Sahitya Parishat(947), Kannada
Sahitya Sammelana(951), Nrupatunga Sahitya Award (952), Tulu Language and Literature(953),
Kodava Language and Literature(954), Konkani in Karnataka(956), Urdu in Karnataka(957),
Sanskrit in Karnataka(958), Telugu in Karnataka(960), Tamil in Karnataka(961), Malayalam
in Karnataka(961), Marathi in Karnataka(963), Journalism in Karnataka(964), Karnataka
Madhyama Academy(967), Andolana Award, Abhimani Award, T.S. Ramachandra Rao
Award(968), Folk Literature(969), Theatre in Karnataka(972), Dr. Gubbi Veeranna Award(978),
Yakshagana(978), Painting in Karnataka(980), Music in Karnataka(983), Hindustani Music(985),
Nijaguna-Purandara Award(986), State Sangeetha Vidwan Award(986), T. Chowdaiah Award
(987), Santa Shishunala Shareef Award, Kumaravyasa Prashasti(987), The Central Sangeetha
and Natak Academy(987), Dance in Karnataka(987), Natyarani Shantala Award(989), Cinema
in Karnataka(989).
Revised and Edited by: S.N.Raju, K.S.Bhavya
CHAPTER - XIV
KARNATAKA, THE TOURIST PARADISE 993 - 1064
List of Water falls(993), Wildlife Sanctuaries(1004), Bird Sanctuaries(1006), List of Dams and Res-
ervoirs(1007), Handicrafts(1011), Museums(1012), Historical Forts(1013).
Revised and Edited by: S.N.Raju, K.S.Bhavya
Annexure 1065 - 1120
Maps and Photos 1121 - 1200
XI
KARNATAKA GAZETTEER DEPARTMENT
Gazetteer Tradition: Gazetteers are mostly mistaken for or confused with the Gazettes.
They are indeed poles apart; however, the words Gazettes and Gazetteer are cognate terms.
It appears that in Greek, Gaza meant a treasury of news. Gazetteers are distinctly reference
volumes of lasting value while the Gazettes are official newspapers or bulletins. Earlier, a
Gazetteer signified a geographical index or geographical dictionary or guidebook of important
places and people. But with the passage of time its range has vastly widened and it had come
to mean a veritable mine of knowledge about the numerous aspects of life of the people and of
the country or region they inhabit.
Some books of yore such as the work of Stephen of Byzantium of the 6th century AD.
Doomsday Book compiled for William the conqueror, Brihat-Samhita of Varaha Mihira, Vayu
Purana, Abdul Fazls Ain-I-Akbari are cited as having in them some resemblancing elements
of Gazetteers. But the system of Modern Gazetteer literature arose in Europe in the wake of
the new intellectual ferment brought about by the Renaissance and Industrial Revolution.
Germany and France led the way in this respect. The colonial British administration in India
took up military, revenue and statistical survey to help stabilize its position in the country.
The earliest Gazetteers to appear in India were the East India Gazetteer in 1815 and the
Gazetteer of the territories under the Government of the East India Company in 1854 which
were prepared by two private authors Walter Hamilton and Edward Thornton. A few years
later, by 1866, Richard Temple published the first official Gazetteer of the Bhandara District
of the central province. This set the pace and there appeared a number of Gazetteer volumes
for the various parts of the country.
For the princely state of Mysore and Coorg, B.L. Rice published three volumes in 1877-78.
They presented remarkable studies and served as a model. He revised the two volumes twenty
years later. The subjects dealt were physical geography, flora including crops and cultivation,
fauna, ethnography, history, religion, language, art and industry, administration, particulars
of districts and important places,They had even maps and pictures. For the districts of Bombay
and Madras Provinces, Gazetteers were brought out between the last quarter of the 19th century
and the first decade of 20th century. Infact B.L. Rice has himself recorded in his preface to
the Vol.I of Mysore and Coorg Gazetteer that, the first Gazetteer for Mysore was compiled by
Arthur Wellesley in 1867 and later K. Krishna Iyengar compiled and edited the Kolar District
Gazetteer in 1869 which are the pioneering publication in this series. He further records that
manuscripts were prepared for Tumkur District by Major C. Pearse, for Chitradurga district
by Mr. Krishna Rao, for Hassan district by Major W. Hill and for Shimoga district by Captain
Gordon Cumming, were compiled and edited but never published.
In the meanwhile the first edition of the Imperial gazetteer of India was published in nine
volumes in 1881 edited by Sir. William Hunter. It was augmented to 14 volumes in 1885-87
and to 26 volumes in 1907-1909 when a provincial series was also issued. As B.L. Rice had
done a splendid job for Mysore already during 1877-78, his work was extolled even by Sir.
William Hunter as better than anything he himself had been able to do even for Bengal. The
third decade of 20th century saw the publication of the Mysore Gazetteer in Five Volumes
comprising nine books under the editorship of Sri. C. Hayavadana Rao, which also kept up a
high standard.
For meeting the altogether changed national requirements there were immense need for
preparation and publication of new Indian Gazetteers. Some of the States like the former
Bombay, Madras, Bihar and Rajasthan undertook this work between 1949 and 1957, and
XII
others including Karnataka took up the task later according to an all-India plan formulated
by the Central Government for preparation of the Gazetteers on re-oriented lines on the basis
of new knowledge, with uniformity in format and contents, but providing for variations and
additions to meet local or special needs. This is a monumental task of immense complexity and
magnitude and has to be carried out with patient labour, circumspection and thoroughness.
Various States and Union Territories have published about 125 re-oriented District Gazetteers
and 12 of them belong to Karnataka up to the end of financial year 1973-74. In addition to
the District series, there was also the State Gazetteer, one volume for each State. The work
was co-ordinated by the Central Government that gave grants. There were State and Central
Gazetteer Advisory Committee consisting of official and non-official members. In each District
Gazetteer there were 19 chapters with General Appendices, Illustrations, a Select Bibliography,
Comprehensive Alphabetical Index, Addenda and Corrigenda and Maps.
Broadly, the topics treated in the District series are : Physical features, Flora, Fauna, Natural
resources, History and Archeology, the people, their Demography, Languages, Home life,
Social life, Social structure, Customs and Religious beliefs, Agriculture, Horticulture, Forestry,
Irrigation, Animal Husbandry, Fisheries, Old time Industries and various kinds of present day
Industries, Labour Welfare, Potentialities of Development, Banking and Finance, Co-operative
Movement, Trade and Commerce, Transport and Communications, Miscellaneous Occupations,
Economic Trends, General Administration, Revenue, Law and Order and Justice, Government
Departments, Local self Government, Education, Sports, Art and Culture, Medical and Public
Health, Other Social Services, Public Life and Voluntary Social Services and Places of Interest.
In short, nothing of interest pertaining to the district is left out, for instance, whether it is
toponomy (i.e. study of place names) history of less known ruling families like Balam or Aigur
Chiefs, Chautas, Kampili Rayas, Agrarian Movements, Aliya Santana System of heritance
prevalent in coastal Karnataka and how it differs from Marumakkattayam of Kerala, the
glories of Lakshmidevi temple of Doddagaddavalli, Kalleshwara Temple of Araguppe, Madanike
figures of Kuravatti, Ibrahim Rauza of Vijayapur, Cathedrals of Mangaluru, problems of
recurrent famines in north-eastern districts, beneficial impact of the gigantic Tungabadra
project, prospects of the Vijayanagara Steel Mills and Kalinadi Hydro-electric Project, Food
habits, Types of dwellings, Ornaments, Local Festivals, Wedding Customs and Ceremonies
of a particular section, new Mantra-Mangalya marriages, Huttari dance and peculiar social
customs of the Kodavas, legend of the River Cauvery, fascinating sunset of the Agumbe, Natural
Bird Sanctuary of Mandagadde, Sandalwood Carvings, Beauty spots, Pineapple cultivation
and spicy mango pickles of Malnad, large sized black monkey of Sagar forests locally called
Mushya, a buffalo race and Bhoota cult of South Kanara all such varied matters must find
a place to give a whole picture of life in the territory as it was and is followed by the people
with their natural and other resources, since a precise knowledge of the past is necessary to
understand the present in its correct perspective.
The significant and stupendous all around changes and development that have been taking
place in various spheres of the Country since the dawn of Independence called for production
of re-oriented Gazetteers with a novel pattern to meet the new national requirements. A
reappraisal of several other features in the light of the fresh data also became imperative.
Because of the special position of the districts as a unit of administrative organization and in
social and economic life of the people, a self-contained and comprehensive volume devoted to
each one of the districts became highly desirable.
The first re-patterned series after the attainment of Independence started rolling out in 1975.
These new district Gazetteers are being published by the State Government in accordance with
XIII
an all-India plan at the instance of the Central Government which gave grants for the purpose
to all the State and Union Territories. This District Gazetteers were part of the Gazetteer of
India and are hence superscribed as the Gazetteer of India.
In order to have a broad and basic uniformity in the pattern of the new Gazetteers, the
Central Gazetteers Unit in consultation with the State Units devised a common plan of contents
so as to enable a wide coverage of various aspects which would not be otherwise feasible in
volumes devoted to the State or the Country as a whole.
Ideas and ideals, perspective and approaches, values and aspirations have undergone great
alterations. There is awakening of an unprecedented kind. A new epoch and a new age have
dawned. Since the days when a Gazetteer meant only a geographical index, the concept has
vastly widened and the Gazetteers of the present age have to cover large dimensions and
have to give, in a new perspective, an integrated and objective picture without losing sight of
the greatly changed social values; this demands a great deal of caution and circumspection.
Laborious and time consuming processes are involved in the production of these Gazetteer
volumes, which is an overwhelming task. The present Gazetteers are the most comprehensive
single source of knowledge about the Districts. They can serve also an integrated sample
survey of districts of moving and developing India. For the country as a whole and for the
States, reference works on various subjects are available for both the specialist and general
readers, but scarcely are there standard reference works focusing on individual Districts.
The District Gazetteers fulfill this great need by delineating an all-round picture of individual
districts in unfolding the panorama of the life of the people they inhabit. The local history of
the area is brought into much greater relief in them, with particular reference to the events
that took place in the territory, as the histories of larger regions omit many matters of local
importance which have contributed to the rich tapestry of national life. The volumes trace
the development or evolution of the many features and sum up the past and the present
conditions and achievements and problems and look forward to the future by indicating the
trends and potentialities of the various parts. Besides presenting a systematic analysis of a
wealth of valuable data drawn from innumerable sources and fieldwork, these works reflect
also the thoughts, ideals and aspirations of resurgent India. Colossal efforts involving laborious
processes are needed for the preparation and publication, since they have to maintain a high
standard from the point of view of objectivity, accuracy, reliability, practical upto-datedness
and comprehensiveness.
Subsequently, Microfilm editions of Indian Gazetteers are being issued abroad by
International Documentation Centres since they constitute an incomparable basic research
literature and reliable sources of information for studies concerning India. These references
works help also to dispel prejudices and parochial tendencies and to promote understanding
and amity. Administrators, researchers, journalists, writers, teachers, industrialists, social
workers and general readers can find matters of immense interest in these volumes. Integrated
outlook is highly essential for harmony and advancement. Close study of the galaxy of
Gazetteers can help to achieve this effectively.
About the Department
The genesis of the Gazetteer units at the Centre and in most of the states can be traced to
the recommendations of the Expert Committee appointed by the Union Government in 1955.
By that time, in a few states (like Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu) Gazetteer units were already
functioning. Therefore, the various other State Governments also set up offices for preparation
and publication of District Gazetteers at the instance of the union Government, and left it to
the individual states to employ larger or smaller staff.
XIV
The Gazetteer unit in this State was started during the middle of the Second Plan Period
in 1958 and the scheme has been continued till this date. The unit was earlier attached
to the General Administration Department for purposes of administration. At present it is
under the administrative control of the Kannada, Culture & Information, There is an Advisory
Committee of distinguished men of letters with the Principal secretary as its Chairman.
The first re-oriented series started after the dawn of Independence and there was no hierarchy in
doing this work. Since it was a new venture of an extra-ordinary character, the approach to this
State was prudently cautious; drawing upon the examples of the units of neighbouring states
of Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu. Hence, the department was set up to bring out independent
District Gazetteers coupled with the revision of already existing gazetteers. Each Gazetteer
is similar to an encyclopedia, having varied information about the districts, considered to
be most valuable, authentic and comprehensive publication depicting all aspects of History,
Culture, Folklore, etc, of the region. After collecting various source materials the preparation
of chapters covering People, History, Sociology, Economics, Banking, Trade and Commerce,
Industries, Education and Medical Services, Other Departments and Places of Interest ; giving
highlights of the district based on the Plans and policies of the Government. Therefore the
publication of the Gazetteer constitutes an authenticated source for the use of Government
departments, general public and for historical research. The Department has brought out the
following Publications.
Publications of the Department
Name of the Gazetteer Year Name of the Gazetteer Year
DHARWAD* 1959 DHARWAD (English)* 2003
COORG* 1965 MANDYA (Kannada)* 2003
BIJAPUR* 1966 SOUTH KANARA by Sturrock 1884 Reprint* 2003
GULBARGA* 1967 KANARA by James Campbell 1884 Reprint* 2003
CHITRADURGA* 1967 DHARWAR by James Campbell 1884 reprint* 2003
MANDYA* 1968 BELGAUM by James Campbell 1884 Reprint* 2004
KOLAR* 1968 MYSORE Vol.1 by B.L.Rice 1898 Reprint* 2004
TUMKUR* 1969 MYSORE Vol.2 by B.L.Rice 1898 Reprint* 2004
RAICHUR* 1970 MYSORE & COORG Vol.3 by B.L.Rice 1878 Reprint* 2004
HASSAN* 1971 BELLARY by Kelsal/W.Francis 1872/1904 Reprint* 2004
BELLARY* 1972 GULBARGA (English)* 2005
SOUTH KANARA* 1973 A HAND BOOK OF KARANATAKA * 2005
SHIMOGA* 1976 KOLAR (Kannada)* 2005
BIDAR* 1977 BIJAPUR (English) 2007
CHIKMAGALUR* 1981 MANDYA (English) * 2009
STATE VOLUME (English) DAKSHINA KANNADA (Kannada) 2007
Part-I* 1982 A HAND BOOK OF KARNATAKA* 2010
Part-II* 1983 UDPI (Kannada)* 2010
STATE VOLUME (Kannada) DAKSHINA KANNADA (English)* 2011
A Journey from Madras through the countries of
Part-I* 1984 Mysore, Canara and Malabar (Reprint) by Francis 2010
Buchanan – three volumes*
MYSORE DISTRICT TALUK GAZETTEERS
Part-II* 1985 2010
(7 Taluks)
Part-III 1986 KARNATAKA KAIPIDI 2011 with CD* 2011
XV
MYSORE GAZETTEER by C. Hayavadana Rao
UTTARA KANNADA* 1985 2012
(9 Books set with CD)
IMPERIAL GAZETTEERS Bidar, Gulbarga and
BELGAUM* 1987 2012
Raichur
MYSORE* 1988 KOLAR (English) 2012
BANGALORE RURAL * 1989 UDUPI (English) 2012
BANGALORE* 1990 GLIMPSES OF KARNATAKA 2012
KODAGU (Kannada)* 1992 KARNATAKADA MINUGU NOTA 2013
KODAGU (English)* 1993 A HAND BOOK OF KARNATAKA* 2015
DECENNIAL SUPPLEMENT
1994 CHAMARAJANAGAR (Kannada) 2015
(English)
DHARWAD (Kannada) 1995 KARNATAKA KAIPIDI * 2017
A HAND BOOK OF
1996 TUMAKURU (Kannada) 2017
KARNATAKA (English)*
DECENNIAL SUPPLEMENT History of Mysore by C. Hayavadana Rao -
1996 2017
(Kannada) 3 Volumes (4 Books) 1943 Reprint
KARNATAKA KAIPIDI
1996 KARNATAKA KAIPIDI 2017 (reprint) Part-1 & 2* 2018
(Kannada)*
Historical Sketches of the south of Indian an
GULBARGA (Kannada) 1997 attempt to trace the History of Mysore - Mark Wilks 2018
(Part 1 & 2) 1810 Reprint
Karnataka Through the Ages - R.R. Diwakar Volume
BIJAPUR (Kannada)* 1999 2018
1 & 2 Reprint 1968 Reprint
HAND BOOK OF KARNATAKA
2001 BIDAR (English) 2019
(Reprint)*
BIJAPUR by James Campbell Hosadurga, Hiriyur, Holalkere, Davanagere,
2001 2019
1884 Reprint Harappanahalli, Harihara Taluk gazetteers
Note: * Copies not available
KARNATAKA GAZETTEER STAFF
Chief Editor Bettegowda S.Y.
Senior Editor Raju S.N.
Investigator Roopa D.
Bhavya K.S.
Anupama Chandra S.C. (From 31-12-2019)
Office Staff
FDA Bahuguni R.V.
Geetha S.
Stenographer Nagalakshmi C.
SDA Lavanya C.M.
Driver Emanual V.
Group ‘D’ Sugunamma C.
Padma A.M.
l l l l
XVI
Chapter I
I1752'8&7,21
K arnataka has a rich heritage, inspiring its
people to create a bright future. With its special
GD\ .DUQDWDND KDV FRQWULEXWHG VLJQLÀFDQWO\ WR
both forms of Indian classical music, the Carnatic
geographical location full of variety-its rivers, hills, (Karnataka Music) and Hindustani traditions.
valleys, plains, forests and resources-the State Writers in the Kannada language have received the
is known for its tourist and industrial potential. greatest number of Jnanapith awards (Eight)in India.
Its long history of over 2,000 years has left many Bengaluru is the capital city of the State and is at
beautiful forts, tanks, temples, mosques and towns the forefront of the rapid economic and technological
of historical importance to the posterity. These old GHYHORSPHQWWKDW,QGLDLVH[SHULHQFLQJ
towns have grown to be industrial, commercial and
.DUQDWDND·VSUHKLVWRU\JRHVEDFNWRD3DODHROLWKLF
educational centres. They are provided with all
KDQGD[HFXOWXUHHYLGHQFHGE\GLVFRYHULHVRIDPRQJ
modern facilities. Bordered by the Western Ghats
RWKHUWKLQJVKDQGD[HVDQGFOHDYHUVLQWKHUHJLRQ
with tall peaks and lush greenery in the west, the
Evidence of Neolithic and megalithic cultures have
tableland is fertile because of its black soil and river
also been found in the state. Gold discovered in
and tank irrigation facilities. The coastal strip to the
Harappa was found to be imported from mines in
west of the Ghats is renowned for its silvery beaches
Karnataka, prompting scholars to hypothesize about
DQGULFKJUHHQSDGG\ÀHOGV
contacts between ancient Karnataka and the Indus
Karnataka has rich religious and artistic traditions. Valley Civilization. Prior to the third Century BC,
The land has been described by a poet in a stone most of Karnataka formed part of the Nanda Empire
record in the 15th Century in following words: before coming under the Mauryan Empire of Emperor
A mine of good discipline, Ashoka. Four centuries of Satavahana rule followed,
The dwelling place of Brahma, allowing them to control large areas of Karnataka.
The land which had acquired great fortune, The decline of Satavahana power led to the rise of
The birthplace of learning and wealth, the earliest native kingdoms, the Kadambas and the
The true home of unequalled splendid earnestness :HVWHUQ *DQJDV PDUNLQJ WKH UHJLRQ·V HPHUJHQFH
Thus distinguished in many ways as an independent political entity. The Kadamba
Shone the lovely Karnata Country. Dynasty, founded by Mayurasharma, had its capital
at Banavasi; the Western Ganga Dynasty was formed
The temples of antiquity speak of the piety of their with Talakad as its capital.
devotees. The agraharas and mathas spread all over
vouch to the scholarly pursuits to which people were 7KHVH ZHUH DOVR WKH ÀUVW NLQJGRPV WR XVH
attached. The hero stones strewing the land speak Kannada in administration, as evidenced by the
of the heroic traits of the warrior race of antiquity. Halmidi LQVFULSWLRQ DQG D ÀIWK&HQWXU\ FRSSHU
Long traditions of growing cotton are clear evidence coin discovered at Banavasi. These dynasties were
WR RQFH ÁRXULVKLQJ ULFK WH[WLOH LQGXVWU\ 7KH SRUWV followed by imperial Kannada empires such as the
along the coast remind one of the rich overseas Badami Chalukyas, the Rashtrakuta Empire of
WUDGHV WKDW ÁRXULVKHG WKURXJK WKHP 7KH 6WDWH·V Manyakheta and the Western Chalukya Empire,
human resources with racial and religious varieties which ruled over large parts of the Deccan and had
and professional skills promise to make it a hub of their capitals in what is now Karnataka. The Western
industriousness. Chalukyas patronised a unique style of architecture
and Kannada literature which became a precursor
With an antiquity that dates to the Paleolithic, to the Hoysala art of 12th Century. Parts of modern-
Karnataka has also been home to some of the most day Southern Karnataka (Gangavadi) were occupied
powerful empires of ancient and medieval India. by the Chola Empire at the turn of 11th Century.
The philosophers and musical bards patronized by The Cholas and the Hoysalas fought over the region
these empires launched socio-religious and literary in the 12th Century before it eventually came under 1
movements which have endured to the present Hoysala rule.
At the turn RIWKHÀUVWPLOOHQQLXPWKH+R\VDODV As the “doctrine of lapse” gave way to dissent
JDLQHGSRZHULQWKHUHJLRQ/LWHUDWXUHÁRXULVKHG and resistance from princely states across the
during this time, which led to the distinctive country, Kittur Chennamma, Sangolli Rayanna
and others spearheaded rebellions in Karnataka
HAND BOOK OF
KARNATAKA
Kannada literary metres and the construction of
temples and sculptures adhering to the Vesara in 1830. Other uprisings followed, such as the
VW\OHRIDUFKLWHFWXUH7KHH[SDQVLRQRIWKH+R\VDOD ones at Supa, Bagalkot, Shorapur, Nargund
Empire brought minor parts of modern Andhra and Dandeli. These rebellions, which coincided
Pradesh and Tamil Nadu under its rule. In the with the 1857 war of independence, were led
early 14th Century, Harihara and Bukka Raya by Mundargi Bhimarao, Bhaskar Rao Bhave,
established the Vijayanagara Empire with its the Halagali Bedas, Raja Venkatappa Nayaka
capital, Hosapattana (later named Vijayanagara), and others. By the late 19th Century, the
on the banks of the Tungabhadra River in the freedom movement had gained momentum;
modern Ballari district. The empire rose as a Karnad Sadashiva Rao, Aluru Venkata Raya,
S. Nijalingappa, Kengal Hanumanthaiah, Nittoor
bulwark against Muslim advances into South
Srinivasa Rau and others carried on the struggle
India, which it completely controlled for over two
into the early 20th Century.
Centuries.
$IWHU ,QGLD·V LQGHSHQGHQFH WKH 0DKDUDMD
In 1565, Karnataka and the rest of South India
Jayachamarajendra Wodeyar, allowed his
H[SHULHQFHG D PDMRU JHRSROLWLFDO VKLIW ZKHQ WKH
NLQJGRP·V DFFHVVLRQ WR ,QGLD ,Q 0\VXUX
Vijayanagara Empire fell to a confederation of became an Indian state of the same name; the
Islamic sultanates in the Battle of Talikota. The former Maharaja served as its Rajpramukh
Vijayapura Sultanate, which had risen after the (head of state) until 1975. Following the long-
demise of the Bahamani Sultanate of Bidar, standing demand of the Ekikarana Movement,
soon took control of the Deccan; it was defeated Kodagu and Kannada speaking regions from
by the Moghuls in the late 17th Century. The the adjoining states of Madras, Hyderabad and
Bahamani and Vijayapura rulers encouraged Bombay were incorporated into the Mysuru
Urdu and Persian literature and Indo-Saracenic VWDWH XQGHU WKH 6WDWH·V 5HRUJDQL]DWLRQ $FW RI
architecture, the Gol Gumbaz being one of the 7KH WKXV H[SDQGHG 6WDWH ZDV UHQDPHG
KLJK SRLQWV RI WKLV VW\OH 'XULQJ WKH VL[WHHQWK Karnataka in 1973. In the early 1900s through
Century, Konkani Hindus migrated to Karnataka, the post-independence era, industrial visionaries
mostly from Salcette, Goa, and while during the such as Sir M Visvesvaraya played an important
17th and 18th Century, Goan Catholics migrated UROH LQ WKH GHYHORSPHQW RI .DUQDWDND·V VWURQJ
to Dakshina Kannada, especially from Bardes, manufacturing and industrial base.
Goa, as a result of food shortages, epidemics and Karnataka is the manufacturing hub for some
KHDY\WD[DWLRQLPSRVHGE\WKH3RUWXJXHVH of the largest public sector industries in India.
In the period that followed, parts of northern 0DQ\ RI ,QGLD·V SUHPLHU VFLHQFH DQG WHFKQRORJ\
Karnataka were ruled by the Nizam of Hyderabad, research centers are also headquartered in
the British, and other powers. In the south, Karnataka. 0DQJDOXUX5HÀQHU\DQG3HWURFKHPLFDOV
the Mysuru Kingdom, former vassals of the Limited LV DQ RLO UHÀQHU\ ORFDWHG LQ 0DQJDOXUX
9LMD\DQDJDUD (PSLUH ZDV EULHÁ\ LQGHSHQGHQW 6LQFH WKH ·V .DUQDWDND KDV HPHUJHG DV
WKHSDQ,QGLDQOHDGHULQWKHÀHOGRI,QIRUPDWLRQ
With the death of Krishnaraja Wodeyar II, Hyder
Technology (IT). As of 2007, there were nearly
Ali, the commander-in-chief of the Mysuru army,
ÀUPVRSHUDWLQJRXWRI.DUQDWDND0DQ\RI
gained control of the region. After his death,
WKHPLQFOXGLQJWZRRI,QGLD·VELJJHVWVRIWZDUH
the kingdom was inherited by his son Tippu
ÀUPV,QIRV\VDQG:LSURDUHDOVRKHDGTXDUWHUHG
6XOWDQ7RFRQWDLQ(XURSHDQH[SDQVLRQLQ6RXWK
LQWKH6WDWH([SRUWVIURPWKHVHÀUPVH[FHHGHG
India, Hyder Ali and later Tippu Sultan fought
50,000 crores in 2006-07, accounting for nearly
IRXU VLJQLÀFDQW $QJOR0\VXUX :DUV WKH ODVW RI
SHUFHQWRIDOO,7H[SRUWVIURP,QGLD$OOWKLV
ZKLFK UHVXOWHG LQ 7LSSX 6XOWDQ·V GHDWK DQG WKH
has earned the state capital, Bengaluru, the
incorporation of Mysuru into the British Raj in
sobriquet Silicon Valley of India.
1799. The Kingdom of Mysuru was restored to
Karnataka also leads the nation in biotechnology.
2 the Wodeyars and Mysuru remained a princely
state under the British Raj. ,WLVKRPHWR,QGLD·VODUJHVWELRFOXVWHUZLWK
of the country·V ELRWHFKQRORJ\ ÀUPV EHLQJ Metropolitan Transport Corporation, The North-
based here. The state accounts for 75 per cent West Karnataka Road Transport Corporation
RI ,QGLD·V ÁRULFXOWXUH DQ XSFRPLQJ LQGXVWU\ and The North-East Karnataka Road Transport
INTRODUCTION
ZKLFK VXSSOLHV ÁRZHUV DQG RUQDPHQWDO SODQWV Corporation with their headquarters in
ZRUOGZLGH6HYHQRI,QGLD·VOHDGLQJEDQNV&DQDUD Bengaluru, Hubballi and Kalaburagi respectively.
Bank, Syndicate Bank, Corporation Bank, Vijaya
The diverse linguistic and religious ethnicities
Bank, Karnataka Bank, Vysya Bank and the State
that are native to Karnataka combined with
Bank of Mysore originated in this state. A majority
their long histories have contributed immensely
of the silk industry in India is headquartered in
to the varied cultural heritage of the State. Apart
Karnataka State.
from Kannadigas, Karnataka is home to Tuluvas,
Air transport in Karnataka, as in the rest of the Kodavas and Konkanis. Minor populations of
&RXQWU\ LV VWLOO D ÁHGJOLQJ EXW IDVW H[SDQGLQJ Tibetan Buddhists and tribes like the Soligas,
sector. Karnataka has airports at Bengaluru, Yeravas, Todas and Siddhis also live in
Mangaluru, Hubballi, Belagavi, Hampi, Ballari Karnataka. The traditional folk arts cover the
and Mysuru with international operations from entire gamut of music, dance, drama, storytelling
Bengaluru and Mangaluru airports. Major airlines by itinerant troupes, etc. Yakshagana of Malnad
VXFKDV.LQJÀVKHU$LUOLQHVDQG.LQJÀVKHUUHGDUH and coastal Karnataka, a classical dance drama,
based in Bengaluru. is one of the major theatrical forms of Karnataka.
Contemporary theatre culture in Karnataka
Karnataka has a railway network with a total
remains vibrant with organizations like Ninasam,
OHQJWK RI DSSUR[LPDWHO\ NLORPHWUHV
Ranga Shankara, Rangayana and 3UDEKDW
Until the creation of the South Western Zone
Kalavidaru continuing to build on the foundations
headquartered at Hubballi in 2003, the railway
laid by Gubbi Veeranna, T. P. Kailasam, B. V.
network in the state was in the Southern and
Karanth, K.V.Subbanna, Prasanna and others.
Western railway zones. Several parts of the
Veeragase, Kamsale, Kolata and Dollu Kunitha
state now come under the South Western
are popular dance forms. The Mysuru style of
Zone, with the remainder under the Southern
Bharatanatya nurtured and popularised by the
Railways. Coastal Karnataka is covered under the
likes of the legendary Jatti Tayamma continues
Konkan railway network which was considered
to hold sway in Karnataka and Bengaluru also
,QGLD·V ELJJHVW UDLOZD\ SURMHFW RI WKH &HQWXU\
enjoys an eminent place as one of the foremost
%HQJDOXUX LV H[WHQVLYHO\ FRQQHFWHG ZLWK ,QWHU
centers of Bharatanatya.
State destinations while other important cities
and towns in the state are not so well-connected. Karnataka also has a special place in the world
of Indian classical music with both Karnataka
Karnataka has 11 ports, including the New
&DUQDWLF DQG+LQGXVWDQLVW\OHVÀQGLQJSODFHLQ
Mangaluru Port, a major port and ten other
the State and Karnataka has produced a number
minor ports. The New Mangaluru port was
of stalwarts in both styles. While referring to music
incorporated as the ninth major port in India
the word ‘Karnataka·WKHRULJLQDOQDPHJLYHQWR
on 4 May 1974. This port handled 32.04 million
the South Indian classical music does not mean
WRQQHV RI WUDIÀF LQ WKH ÀVFDO \HDU ZLWK
the State of Karnataka. The Haridasa movement
17.92 million tonnes of imports and 14.12 million
of the 16th Century contributed seminally to
WRQQHV RI H[SRUWV 7KH SRUW DOVR KDQGOHG
the development of Karnataka (Carnatic) music
vessels including 18 cruise vessels during the
as a performing art form. Purandara Dasa, one
year 2006-07. The inland water transport within
of the most revered Haridasas, is known as the
the State is not well developed.
Karnataka 6DQJHHWD 3LWDPDKD (Father Carnatic
The total length of National Highways and State music). Celebrated Hindustani musicians like
Highways in Karnataka are 3,973 km and 9,829 Gangubai Hangal, Mallikarjun Mansur, Bhimsen
km, respectively. The KSRTC, the State public Joshi, Basavaraja Rajaguru, Sawai Gandharva
transport corporation, transports an average of and several others hail from Karnataka and
2.2 million passengers daily and employs about some of them have been recipients of the Kalidas
25,000 people. In the late nineties, KSRTC was Samman, 3DGPD%KXVKDQ and 3DGPD9LEKXVKDQ
3
split into three corporations, viz., The Bengaluru awards.
Gamaka is another classical music genre objective of this movement was to propagate the
based on Carnatic music that is practiced in Dvaita philosophy of Madhvacharya (Madhva
Karnataka. Kannada Bhavageete is a genre of Siddhanta) to the masses through a literary
HAND BOOK OF
popular music that draws inspiration from the
KARNATAKA
medium known as Dasa Sahitya (literature of the
H[SUHVVLRQLVWSRHWU\RIPRGHUQSRHWV7KH0\VXUX servants of the Lord). Purandara dasa is widely
school of painting has produced painters like recognized as the 3LWKDPDKD of Carnatic Music
Sundarayya, Tanjavur Kondayya, B.Venkatappa for his immense contribution. Ramanujacharya,
and Keshavayya. &KLWUDNDOD 3DULVKDW is an WKHOHDGLQJH[SRXQGHURIVishishtadvaitha, spent
organisation in Karnataka dedicated to promoting many years in Melukote. He came to Karnataka in
painting, mainly in the Mysuru painting style. $'DQGOLYHGKHUHXQWLO$'+HÀUVW
Saree is the traditional dress of women in lived in Tondanur and then moved to Melkote
Karnataka. Women in Kodagu have a distinct where the Cheluvanarayana Temple and a well
style of wearing the saree, different from the rest of organised Matha were built. He was patronized
Karnataka. Dhoti, known as 3DQFKH in Karnataka by the Hoysala king, Vishnuvardhana.
is the traditional attire of men. Shirt, Trousers In the 12th Century, Veerashaivism emerged
and Salwar kameez are widely worn in urban in northern Karnataka. Leading names of this
areas. Mysuru 3HWD is the traditional headgear of movement were Basava, Akkamahadevi and
southern Karnataka, while the pagadi or pataga Allama Prabhu, who established the Anubhava
is preferred in the northern areas of the State. Mantapa which was the center of all religious
Jowar is staple to Northern Karnataka and and philosophical thoughts and discussions
Ragi to Southern Karnataka. Bisi bele bath, pertaining to Lingayats. These three social
Jolada rotti, Ragi mudde, Uppittu, Masala Dose reformers did so by the literary means of ‘Vachana
and Maddur Vade are some of the popular food Sahitya· ZKLFK LV YHU\ IDPRXV IRU LWV VLPSOH
items in Karnataka. Among sweets, 0\VRUH 3DN, straight forward and easily understandable
Karadantu of Gokak and Amingad, Belagavi Kannada language. Veerashaivism preached
Kunda and Dharwad pedha are popular. Apart women equality by letting women wear Ishtalinga
from this, coastal Karnataka and Kodagu have i.e. Symbol of god around their neck. Basava
distinctive cuisines of their own. Udupi cuisine of shunned the sharp hierarchical divisions that
coastal Karnataka is popular all over India. H[LVWHG DQG VRXJKW WR UHPRYH DOO GLVWLQFWLRQV
between the hierarchically superior master
Adi Shankaracharya chose Sringeri in
class and the subordinate, servile class. He also
.DUQDWDND WR HVWDEOLVK WKH ÀUVW RI KLV IRXU
supported inter-caste marriages and Kaayaka
mathas (monastery). Shri Madhvacharya (1238–
Tatva of Basavanna. This was the basis of the
1317) was the chief proponent of Tattvavada
(Philosophy of Reality), popularly known as Lingayath faith which today counts millions
Dvaita or Dualistic school of Hindu philosophy among its followers. The Jain philosophy and
RQH RI WKH WKUHH PRVW LQÁXHQWLDO 9HGœQWD literature have contributed immensely to the
philosophies. Madhva was one of the important religious and cultural landscape of Karnataka.
philosophers during the Bhakti movement. Islam, which had an early presence on the
He was a pioneer in many ways, going against west coast of India as early as the 10th Century,
standard conventions and norms. The Haridasa gained a foothold in Karnataka with the rise of
devotional movement is considered as one of the the Bahamani and Vijayapura sultanates that
turning points in the cultural history of India. ruled parts of Karnataka. Christianity reached
2YHU D VSDQ RI QHDUO\ VL[ &HQWXULHV VHYHUDO .DUQDWDND LQ WKH VL[WHHQWK &HQWXU\ ZLWK WKH
saints and mystics helped shape the culture, arrival of the Portuguese and St. Francis Xavier
philosophy and art of South India and Karnataka in 1545. Buddhism was popular in Karnataka
LQ SDUWLFXODU E\ H[HUWLQJ FRQVLGHUDEOH VSLULWXDO GXULQJ WKH ÀUVW PLOOHQQLXP LQ SODFHV VXFK DV
LQÁXHQFH RYHU WKH PDVVHV DQG NLQJGRPV WKDW Kalaburagi and Banavasi. A chance discovery of
ruled South India. This movement was ushered edicts and several Mauryan relics at Sannati
in by the Haridasas and took shape in the 13th in Kalaburagi district in 1986 has proven that
to 14th Century period, prior to and during the the Krishna River basin was once home to both
4
early rule of the Vijayanagara empire. The main Mahayana and Hinayana Buddhism.
Mysuru Dasara is celebrated as the Nada habba written by Arunabja in Tulu script, is the oldest
(state festival) and this is marked by major VXUYLYLQJ7XOXWH[W7KH7XOXODQJXDJHQRZXVHV
festivities at Mysuru. Ugadi (Kannada New Year), the Kannada script due to the gradual decline
INTRODUCTION
Makara Sankranti (the harvest festival), Ganesh of the Tulu script, which was in use until a few
Chaturthi, Nagapanchami, Basava Jayanthi, centuries ago. The Kodavas who mainly reside
Deepavali and Ramzan are the other major in the Kodagu district, speak Kodava Takk.
festivals of Karnataka. 7ZR UHJLRQDO YDULDWLRQV RI WKH ODQJXDJH H[LVW
the northern Mendale Takka and the southern
7KH .DQQDGD ODQJXDJH VHUYHV DV WKH RIÀFLDO
Kiggaati Takka. Konkani is mostly spoken in the
language of the state of Karnataka, as the native
Uttara Kannada district and in some parts of the
ODQJXDJH RI DSSUR[LPDWHO\ SHU FHQW RI LWV
Udupi and Dakshina Kannada districts. Both
population and as one of the classical languages
Kodava Takk and Konkani use the Kannada script
of India. Kannada played a crucial role in the
for writing. English is the medium of education
creation of Karnataka: linguistic demographics
in many schools and widely used for business
SOD\HG D PDMRU UROH LQ GHÀQLQJ WKH QHZ VWDWH LQ
communication in most private companies.
1956. Tulu, Kodava and Konkani are other minor
native languages that share a long history in $OO WKH 6WDWH·V ODQJXDJHV DUH SDWURQLVHG
the state. Urdu is spoken widely by the Muslim and promoted by Governmental and quasi-
population. Less widely spoken languages include governmental bodies. The Kannada Sahitya
Beary bashe and certain dialects such as Sankethi. 3DULVKDW and the Kannada Sahitya Akademi are
responsible for the promotion of Kannada while
Kannada features a rich and ancient body of
the Karnataka Konkani Sahitya Akademi, The
literature covering topics as diverse as Jainism,
Tulu Sahitya Akademi and the Kodava Sahitya
Veerashaivism (such as Vachanas), Vaishnavism
Akademi promote their respective languages.
(such as Haridasa Sahitya) and modern literature.
Evidence from edicts during the time of Ashoka Location and Boundaries
the Great suggest that Buddhist literature 7KH 6WDWH RI .DUQDWDND FRQÀQHG URXJKO\
LQÁXHQFHGWKH.DQQDGDVFULSWDQGLWVOLWHUDWXUH within 110· 1RUWK DQG 0· 1RUWK ODWLWXGHV
The Halmidi inscription, the earliest attested full- and 740· (DVW DQG 0· (DVW ORQJLWXGHV LV
length inscription in the Kannada language and situated on a tableland where the Western and
script, dates from 450 CE, while the earliest Eastern Ghat ranges converge into the Nilgiri hill
available literary work, the Kavirajamarga, has FRPSOH[ .DUQDWDND LV D 6WDWH LQ WKH VRXWKHUQ
been dated to 850 CE. References made in the part of India. It was created on November 1, 1956,
Kavirajamarga, however, prove that Kannada with the passing of the States Re-organization
OLWHUDWXUH ÁRXULVKHG LQ WKH QDWLYH FRPSRVLWLRQ Act. Originally known as the State of Mysuru,
meters such as Chattana, Beddande and Melvadu it was renamed Karnataka in 1973. Karnataka
during earlier centuries. The classic refers to is bordered by the Arabian Sea to the west, Goa
several earlier greats (purvacharyar) of Kannada State to the northwest, Maharashtra State to the
poetry and prose. north, Telangana State and Andhra Pradesh State
to the east, Tamil Nadu State to the southeast,
Kuvempu, the renowned Kannada poet
and Kerala State to the southwest. The State
and writer who wrote Jaya Bharata Jananiya
H[WHQGVWRDERXWNPIURP1RUWKWR6RXWKDQG
Tanujate, the state anthem of Karnataka was
about 400 km from East to West.
WKH ÀUVW UHFLSLHQW RI WKH ´Karnataka Ratna”
award, the highest civilian award bestowed by Area and Population
the Government of Karnataka. Contemporary The State covers an area of 1,91,791 Sq.km,
Kannada literature has received considerable (74,122 sq miles) or 5.83 per cent of the total
acknowledgement in the arena of Indian geographical area of India. It is the eighth
literature, with Eight Kannada writers winning largest Indian State by area, the ninth largest by
,QGLD·V KLJKHVW OLWHUDU\ KRQRXU WKH Jnanpith population and comprises 30 districts. Kannada
award - the highest tally for any language in India. LV WKH RIÀFLDO DQG PRVW ZLGHO\ VSRNHQ ODQJXDJH
Though several etymologies have been suggested
Tulu is spoken mainly in the coastal districts of
for the name Karnataka, the generally accepted 5
Udupi and Dakshina Kannada. Tulu Mahabharato,
HAND BOOK OF
KARNATAKA
6
INTRODUCTION
7
HAND BOOK OF
KARNATAKA
8
INTRODUCTION
9
one is that Karnataka is derived from the IRUSHUFHQWRIWKH6WDWH·VWRWDOSRSXODWLRQ
Kannada words karu and nadu, meaning elevated while Kodagu district with a population share
land. Karunadu may also be read as Karu (black) of 0.91 per cent is the least populated district.
HAND BOOK OF
and nadu (Region), as a reference to the black ([FHSW %HQJDOXUX 5XUDO DQG .RGDJX
KARNATAKA
cotton soil found in the Bayaluseeme region of (5,54,519) districts, all the remaining 28 districts
Karnataka. The British used the word Carnatic have population higher than one million. Of the
(sometimes Karnatak) to describe both sides of 6,10,95,297 persons enumerated in the State,
Peninsular India, south of the Krishna River. 3,74,69,335 persons reside in the Rural areas
and 2,36,25,962 persons reside in Urban areas.
The administrative units of the State for 2011
In terms of percentage, 61.33 per cent are rural
census consists of 30 districts, 176 taluks,
residents and 38.67 per cent are urban residents.
29,340 villages (including 1943 uninhabited
In terms of urbanization, the State has witnessed
villages, 347 towns including 127 census
an increase of 4.68 per cent in the proportion of
towns and 220 Statutory Towns). Jurisdictional
urban population in the last decade. Among the
changes after 2001 Census: Three new districts
districts, Bengaluru is the most urbanized district
viz., Ramanagara, Chikkaballapura and Yadgir
with 90.94 per cent of its population residing in
were created in the State after 2001 Census
Urban areas followed by Dharwad district (56.82
by bifurcating the erstwhile Bengaluru Rural,
per cent), Dakshina Kannada district (47.67 per
Kolar and Kalaburagi districts. One new taluk
cent), Mysuru district (41.50 per cent) and Ballari
viz., Bengaluru East was created by bifurcating
district (37.52 per cent). The least urbanized
Bengaluru South taluk. Three places viz.,
district in the State is Kodagu with 14.61 per
Kushalnagara(TP) in Kodagu district, Hanur
cent, preceded by Koppal district (16.81 per cent),
(TP) in Chamarajanagara district and Sargur(TP)
Mandya district (17.08 per cent), Chamarajanagar
LQ 0\VXUX GLVWULFW ZHUH QRWLÀHG DV 6WDWXWRU\
district (17.14 per cent) and Yadgir district (18.79
Towns. Eight erstwhile Statutory towns of 2001
per cent).
census viz., Byatarayanapura(CMC), Yelahanka
(CMC), Dasarahalli (CMC), Mahadevapura (CMC), *URZWKRI3RSXODWLRQ: During the decade 2001-
Krishnarajapura (CMC), Pattanagere(CMC) and 11, the State population witnessed a net addition
Bommanahalli(CMC) and Kengeri(TMC) were of 82,44,735 persons to its 2001 population of
merged with Bengaluru(Municipal Corporation) to 5,28,50,562. The Male population increased by
form Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara palike after 40,67,739 and the Female population increased
2001 Census. by 41,76,996. Continuing the population growth
trends of previous censuses, the State registered a
Households : As against 1,04,01,918 Households
growth rate of 15.60 per cent, recording a decline
in 2001 Census, the State has 1,33,57,027
of -1.91 per cent in comparison to the growth
Households as per 2011 Census. The number
of 17.51 per cent registered during the 2001
of households has registered a decadal growth
Census. While the Rural population grew at the
UDWH RI SHU FHQW ([SHFWHGO\ %HQJDOXUX
rate of 7.40 per cent, substantially less than
district, with Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara
the growth rate of 12.29 per cent registered
Palike in its jurisdiction, tops the ranking with a
during the decade 1991-2001, the Urban
decadal growth of 63.88 per cent in the number
population registered a growth rate of 31.54 per
of Households. Kodagu district with 9.69 per cent
cent, slightly higher than the growth rate of 29.15
occupies the bottom rank.
per cent recorded in 2001 Census. Among the
3RSXODWLRQ : Karnataka with a population of districts, Bengaluru district, has witnessed the
6,10,95,297, retains the ninth rank as in 2001, highest decennial growth rate of 47.18 per cent
in population size among all the States and followed by Yadgir, the newly created district,
Union Territories and accounts for 5.05 per with 22.81 per cent. The gap in the growth rate
FHQWRI&RXQWU\·VSRSXODWLRQRI LQ EHWZHHQWKHÀUVWDQGVHFRQGUDQNHGGLVWULFWLVD
2011. Of the 6,10,95,297 persons enumerated in whopping 24.37 per cent. Chikkamagalur district,
the State, 3,09,66,657 are Males and 3,01,28,640 a predominantly plantation area in the Malnad
are Females. Among the districts within the region, is the only district in the State which has
State, Bengaluru district is the most populated registered a negative growth rate of -0.26 per cent.
10
district with 96,21,551 persons and accounts Kodagu district another plantation area in the
Malnad region with a growth rate of 1.09 per cent GLVWULFW ,QFRPSDULVRQWRÀJXUHVWKH
ranks 29, just above Chikkamagalur district. Only 6H[ 5DWLR RI &KLOG SRSXODWLRQ KDV LQFUHDVHG LQ
seven districts have registered decennial growth 20 districts and has decreased in nine districts.
INTRODUCTION
rates higher than the State average of 15.60 per ,Q8GXSLGLVWULFWWKH6H[5DWLRUHPDLQVWKHVDPH
cent. Of the remaining 23 districts as many as 14 at 958. Among the districts, Ramanagara district
districts have registered a growth rate of below 10 has registered the highest increase of 17 points
per cent. from 945 in 2001 to 962 in 2011, followed by
Hassan district from 958 in 2001 to 973 in 2011.
Sex Ratio 6H[ 5DWLR LV GHÀQHG DV WKH QXPEHU
The highest decline of 14 points from 964 in 2001
of females per 1000 males. It is one of the basic
to 950 in 2011 is recorded in Raichur district.
demographic characteristics, which is vital for
DQ\ GHPRJUDSKLF DQDO\VLV 7KH 6H[ 5DWLR LQ 6FKHGXOHG &DVWH 3RSXODWLRQ: The Scheduled
Karnataka has increased from 965 in 2001 to Caste population in the State has increased from
LQ7KH6H[5DWLRIRU5XUDOSRSXODWLRQ 85,63,930 in 2001 to 1,04,74,992, registering
has increased from 977 in 2001 to 979 in 2011. a decennial growth rate of 22.32 per cent. The
)RU WKH 8UEDQ SRSXODWLRQ WKH 6H[ 5DWLR KDV Scheduled Caste population constitutes 17.15
registered a spectacular increase of 21 points, per cent of the total population of the State. The
IURP WR LQ WKH ODVW GHFDGH 7KH 6H[ highest proportion of Scheduled Caste population
Ratio for Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe is returned from Kolar district with 30.32 per cent,
SRSXODWLRQLVLGHQWLFDODW DQGLVVLJQLÀFDQWO\ followed by Chamarajanagar district with 25.42
higher than that of the State. Among the districts, per cent. The least proportion of Scheduled Caste
WKHKLJKHVWRYHUDOO6H[5DWLRRI LVUHFRUGHG population is recorded in the coastal district of
in Udupi district and the lowest of 916 is recorded Udupi (6.41 per cent) and preceded by Dakshina
in Bengaluru district. However, the highest of Kannada (7.09 per cent) district. The proportion
1,094 now recorded in Udupi district is lower than of Scheduled Caste population is less than 10 per
1,130 recorded in 2001 and the lowest of 916 now cent in 4 districts, between 10 to 20 per cent in 13
recorded in Bengaluru district is higher than 908 districts and above 20 per cent in the remaining
recorded in 2001. 13 districts.
3URSRUWLRQ RI &KLOG 3RSXODWLRQ \HDUV The 6FKHGXOHG 7ULEH 3RSXODWLRQ: The Scheduled
proportion of Child population (in the age group Tribe population in the State has increased from
0-6 years) in the State has decreased from 13.59 34,63,986 in 2001 Census to 42,48,987 in 2011,
per cent to 11.72 per cent. Among the districts, registering a decennial growth rate of 22.66
Yadagir district with 16.20 per cent has the per cent. The proportion of the Scheduled Tribe
highest proportion of Child population component population to total population of the State is 6.95
in its total population, followed by Raichur district per cent. The highest proportion of Scheduled
(14.71 per cent). Udupi district with 8.76 per Tribe population is returned from Raichur district
cent has the least proportion of Child population (19.03 per cent) and the least proportion is
component in its total population preceded by returned from Mandya district (1.24 per cent). The
Chikkamagalur district (9.26 per cent). In nine proportion of Scheduled Tribe population is less
districts, the proportion of Child population WKDQÀYHSHUFHQWLQGLVWULFWVEHWZHHQÀYHWR
to total population is less than 10 per cent. It nine per cent in seven districts and above 10 per
is between 10 to 15 per cent in 20 districts and cent in the remaining 11 districts.
the proportion is more than 15 per cent only in
/LWHUDWHV (Age 7 years and above) and Effective
Yadagir district.
Literacy Rate: The effective Literacy rate has been
Child Sex Ratio (0-6 years) (girls per thousand GHÀQHG DV WKH SHUFHQWDJH RI WRWDO QXPEHU RI
ER\V 7KH&KLOG6H[5DWLRLQWKHDJHJURXS literates among the population aged 7 years and
years in the State has registered a nominal above. The State is witnessing constant increase in
increase of 2 points from 946 in 2001 to 948 in the Effective Literacy Rate over the past decades.
7KHKLJKHVW6H[5DWLRLQWKHDJHJURXS In continuation of the trend witnessed during the
years is recorded in Kodagu district (978) followed previous decades the Literacy Rate of the State has
by Hassan district (973). The lowest is recorded increased from 66.64 per cent in 2001 to 75.36
11
in Bijapur district (931) preceded by Belagavi per cent in 2011. While the Male Literacy has
increased from 76.10 per cent to 82.47 per cent, workers. The proportion of main workers has
the Female Literacy rate has increased from 56.87 marginally increased from 82.28 per cent in
per cent to 68.08 per cent. The increase in the 2001 to 83.94 per cent in 2011. On the contrary,
HAND BOOK OF
Female Literacy rate by 11.21 percentage points the proportion of marginal workers has slightly
KARNATAKA
against the Male Literacy rate increase of 6.37 decreased from 17.72 per cent in 2001 to 16.06
percentage points has substantially narrowed the per cent in 2011. The proportion of Male main
gap between Male-Female Literacy rates. Among workers has decreased from 91.21 per cent in
the districts, Dakshina Kannada district with 2001 to 89.49 per cent in 2011, whereas, the
overall Literacy rate of 88.57 per cent retains Female main workers has increased from 65.88
its top position, closely followed by Bengaluru per cent to 73.39 per cent. In respect of marginal
district (87.67 per cent) and Udupi district workers, the proportion of Male marginal workers
(86.24 per cent). The lowest overall Literacy rate has recorded a marginal increase from 8.79 per
of 51.83 per cent is recorded in the newly created cent in 2001 to 10.51 per cent in 2011. On the
Yadgir district, preceded by Raichur district which other hand, the proportion of Female marginal
has recorded 59.56 per cent. Apart from these workers has registered a sharp decrease from
two districts, all the remaining 28 districts have 34.12 per cent in 2001 to 26.61 per cent in 2011.
registered more than 60 per cent Literacy rates.
Composition of Workers: Total workers (main+
:RUNHUVDQG:RUN3DUWLFLSDWLRQ5DWH(WPR): The PDUJLQDO KDYH EHHQ IXUWKHU FODVVLÀHG LQWR IRXU
:RUN3DUWLFLSDWLRQ5DWHLVGHÀQHGDVWKHSURSRUWLRQ broad categories viz., Cultivators, Agricultural
of total workers (i.e., main and marginal workers) Labourers, Workers in Household Industry
to total population. In the State, 2,78,72,597 and Other Workers. Cultivators: The number of
persons constituting 45.62 per cent of the total Cultivators has decreased from 68,83,856 in
population have enumerated themselves as 2001 to 65,80,649 in 2011. Of the total decrease
workers. Among them, 1,82,70,116 are Males and of 3,03,207, the decrease in the number of
96,02,481 are Females. In other words, 59.00 per Female Cultivators (2,24,075) is more than
cent of the total Male population and 31.87 per the decrease in the number of Male Cultivators
cent of the total Female population are workers. (79,132). The proportion of Cultivators to total
In 2001 Census the Work Participation Rate in workers has decreased by -4.40 per cent and the
the State was 44.53 per cent comprising 56.64 decrease in the proportion in Male Cultivators is
per cent Male workers and 31.98 per cent Female nominal at -1.64 per cent, whereas the decrease
workers. Among the districts, Chitradurga district in the proportion of Female Cultivators is high at
with a Work Participation Rate of 51.62 per -10.93 per cent. Among the districts, the decrease
cent occupies the top position, followed closely in the proportion of Cultivators is more than 5
by Chikkaballapura, Hassan, Tumakuru and percentage points in II districts with Bengaluru
Kodagu districts with WPR of more than 50 per Rural district registering the highest decrease of
cent. The lowest Work Participation Rate of 41.25 -9.55 per cent followed closely by Mysuru district
per cent is recorded in Bidar district preceded (-9.26 per cent). In the remaining 19 districts,
closely by Uttara Kannada, Kalaburagi, Dharwad the decrease is less than 5 percent with the least
and Vijayapura districts with Work Participation decrease of -0.31 per cent recorded in Kodagu
Rate between 42 to 43 per cent. The highest district preceded by Raichur district (-1.05 per
proportion of Male workers is registered in Mandya cent). Even though all the districts have registered
district (63.55 per cent) and the lowest proportion decline in the proportion of Cultivators in their
of Male workers is recorded in Vijayapura district work force, the proportion of Cultivators is more
(52.21 per cent). In respect of Female workers than 45 per cent in Hassan district (48.37 per
the highest proportion is recorded in Chitradurga cent) followed by Mandya district (44.64). The
district (41.93 per cent) and the lowest proportion least proportion of Cultivators is recorded in
is registered in Bengaluru district (24.61 per cent). Bengaluru district (2.25 per cent) preceded by
Dakshina Kannada district (3.39 per cent).
Main and Marginal Workers: Of the total
2,78,72,597 workers in the State, 2,33,97,181 Agricultural Labourers: Though the number of
persons, constituting 83.94 per cent of the Agricultural Labourers has increased in the State
12 total workers, are main workers and 44,75,416 by 14.92 per cent during 2001-11, their proportion
persons, constituting 16.06 per cent are marginal to total workers has marginally declined from
26.46 in 2001 to 25.67 per cent in 2011. The whereas it is below 30 per cent in 6 districts. In
proportion of Male Agricultural Labourers has the remaining 18 districts, the proportion of Other
increased by a nominal 0.77 percentage points, Workers is between 30 to 50 per cent.
INTRODUCTION
their Female counterparts have registered decline
Human Development
of -3.12 per cent. Among the districts, the
proportion of Agricultural Labourers varies from 7KH 6WDWH·V HIIRUWV LQ IRUPXODWLQJ DQG
2.31 per cent in Bengaluru district to 44.49 per implementing programmes to address poverty
cent in Chamarajanagar district. In 19 out of 30 and other social issues have contributed to
districts, the proportion of Agricultural Labourers the reduction of poverty. However, according
is higher than the State average of 25.67 per WR 7HQGXONDU·V FRPPLWWHH HVWLPDWHV SRYHUW\
cent with 16 districts reporting more than 30 per continues to be a concern as about 20.9 per cent
cent. In 3 out of the remaining 11 districts, where (in 2011-12) of the population in the State lives
the proportion is below the State average, the EHORZ WKH 3ODQQLQJ &RPPLVVLRQ·V SRYHUW\ OLQH
proportion of Agricultural Labourers is less than The State has made good progress towards poverty
6 per cent. reduction by achieving an overall reduction
of about 12.5 percentage points compared to
Household Industry Workers: The proportion of 2004-05. Although the State has planned and
workers engaged in Household Industry, which implemented various interventions for poverty
was 4.08 per cent in 2001 has declined to 3.28 alleviation, it is well recognized that such efforts
per cent in 2011. Among the districts, Dakshina QHHGV WR EH LQWHQVLÀHG DQG UHDOLJQHG IRU EHWWHU
Kannada district with a proportion of 18.86 per targeting and impact.
cent of Household Industry workers tops the
ranking, followed by Bagalkot district with 5.48 The Twelfth Five Year Plan, with its focus on
per cent. In the remaining districts the proportion ¶)DVWHU0RUH,QFOXVLYHDQG6XVWDLQDEOH*URZWK·
of workers engaged in Household Industry is puts the growth debate in the right perspective.
less than 5 per cent and the least proportion 7KH JRYHUQPHQW·V WDUJHWHG SROLFLHV IRU WKH SRRU
of 0.56 per cent is recorded in Kodagu district. with the prospect of fewer leakages, can help
Among the total 9,13,227 persons enumerated better translate outlays into outcomes. The State
as workers engaged in Household Industry in the has vigorously implemented various programmes
State, nearly 3 lakh workers are accounted in to address critical issues relating to health and
only Dakshina Kannada and Bengaluru districts. education. The State is committed to the Right
Both these districts together account for more of Children to Free and Compulsory Education
than 30 per cent of the total workers engaged in 57( $FW DQG KDV QRWLÀHG WKH 57( UXOHV 7KH
Household Industry. 6WDWH·VRYHUDOOOLWHUDF\UDWHKDVLPSURYHGWRSHU
cent in 2011 (from about 56 per cent in 1991) with
Other Workers: All workers engaged in any a higher decadal rate of growth in female literacy
category of economic activity other than as compared to male literacy. However, while
Cultivation, Agricultural labour or Household urban male literacy stood at about 90 per cent in
,QGXVWU\ DUH WUHDWHG DV ¶2WKHU :RUNHUV· 7KLV 2011, rural female literacy was about 60 per cent.
category accounts for the highest number of While overall literacy performance of the State is
workers ie., 1,32,22,758 or 47.44 per cent of encouraging, its regional and rural- urban spread
total workers at the State level. In comparison to across the State is a matter of concern. 15 districts
2001 Census, the proportion of Other Workers in the State show overall literacy rates which are
has increased by 7.23 percentage points in 2011 lower than the national average (74.0) with Yadgir
Census. The proportion of Male Other Workers (52.36) at the bottom and, 14 districts of the
has increased from 48.42 per cent to 53.61 per State show female literacy rate below the national
cent and the proportion of Female Other Workers average with Yadgir district (41.31) again being at
has increased from 25.16 per cent to 35.71 per the bottom. The State recognizes such issues and
cent. Among the districts, the proportion varies is committed to taking additional steps to address
from a very high of 92.88 per cent in Bengaluru such regional, gender and social disparities. The
district to a low of 25.66 per cent in Yadgir quality of schooling also continues to be a concern,
district. The proportion of Other Workers to total despite several ongoing initiatives. 13
workers is more than 50 per cent in 6 districts,
The State has a high level of focus on primary list and the new scheme came to being from 1st of
and secondary education and is investing October 2013.
VLJQLÀFDQW UHVRXUFHV LQ GHYHORSLQJ HGXFDWLRQDO
The State has taken multi-pronged steps to
infrastructure especially in rural and backward
HAND BOOK OF
KARNATAKA
reduce social, gender and regional disparities. In
areas. Key indicators such as gross enrolment rate
its endeavour towards ensuring “faster, sustainable
DQGQHWHQUROPHQWUDWHKDYHLPSURYHGVLJQLÀFDQWO\
while the dropout rates and the number of out-of- and more inclusive growth”, the Government
VFKRRO FKLOGUHQ KDYH VHHQ D VLJQLÀFDQW GHFOLQH of Karnataka has committed itself to improving
These gains need to be consolidated to improve capabilities and productive endowments among
learning and overall quality of education. the economically disadvantaged and socially
marginalized sections of the State. In this direction,
7KH 6WDWH·V HIIRUWV WR HQKDQFH WKH KHDOWK RI LWV the welfare departments and development
citizens have been well-recognized at various fora. corporations of the State are implementing several
Maternal mortality rates and infant mortality rates multi-faceted and multi-pronged programmes for
have seen a rapid decline during the last decade. welfare of SCs, STs, BCs, minorities, the disabled
Efforts to encourage institutional delivery, and and senior citizens and thereby placing them on
programmes such as Madilu, Thayi Bhagya, 24X7 the path of mainstream development.
PHC, Ambulance services have paid rich dividends.
However, regional variations in health indicators To prevent diversion of funds and spending of
H[LVWDQGFDOOIRUDGGLWLRQDOHIIRUWVLQWKHDUHDRI DOORFDWHGIXQGVIRUWKHVFKHPHVGLUHFWO\EHQHÀWLQJ
public health. Malnutrition remains a concern the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes
and the State must enhance its investments on population, the State Legislative Assembly on 5th
programmes to improve the nutritional status of of December, 2013 has passed the Karnataka
mothers, children and adolescent girls. Recently Scheduled Castes Sub-Plan and Tribal Sub-Plan
government announced “Ksheera Bhagya”- the (Planning, allocation and utilization of Financial
innovative and prestigious program of distributing Resources) Act, 2013. The Act envisages allocation
milk to school and Anganwadi children. of state plan outlay to be in proportion to the
population of SCs and STs; to make allocated
Government of India passed the crucial National
funds non-divertible; to spend for the schemes
Food security bill (Right to Food Act) on 13th
GLUHFWO\EHQHÀWLQJWKH6&DQG67SRSXODWLRQDQG
September 2013 which was in (retrospective)
other matters. In the case of unspent amount out
effect since July, 2013. This law aims to provide
of allocation in a particular year, the same would
IRRGWRDSSUR[LPDWHO\WZRWKLUGVRIWKHSRSXODWLRQ
EH DGGHG WR WKH QH[W \HDU DOORFDWLRQ EXW VKRXOG
at subsidized price. In the similar vein, as an
not be carried beyond that year. The Act also
attempt to ensure food security to its people, the
envisages setting up of a nodal agency headed by
Government of Karnataka launched a new pro-
the Social Welfare Minister and seven secretaries
SRRU SURJUDPPH QDPHG ¶$QQDEKDJ\D <RMDQD·
of different departments as its members. Its main
7KH SURJUDPPH ZDV RIÀFLDOO\ ODXQFKHG RQ WK
function is to evaluate and appraise sub-plans,
July, 2013. In brief, the scheme aims to provide
SUHSDUHVXESODQVUHYLHZH[HFXWLRQRIVFKHPHV
30 kilograms of rice per family per month at the
identify impediments, co-ordinate with other
price of Re.1/ kilogram to below poverty line
departments, and directions of the agency would
(BPL) families across the state. The programme
be binding on the departments. The district
covers a total of 98.35 lakh families (87 lakh BPL
monitoring committee in each district would be
cardholders and 11.35 lakh ‘Antyodaya Anna
<RMDQD· EHQHÀFLDULHV DFURVV WKH VWDWH 7KH ULFH responsible for implementation of plans.
will be distributed through a network of 21,024 .DUQDWDNDDOVRLQLWLDWHGDQH[HUFLVHWRVHQVLWL]H
public distribution system (PDS) shops. A single implementing agencies across sectors to formulate
person family is eligible for 10 kilo rice, 2 person Plans from the Gender perspective. This resulted
families will get 20 kilo, a family with 3 and more LQ WKH ÀUVW VWHSV WR LGHQWLI\ WKRVH SURJUDPPHV
number of persons are eligible for 30 kilo rice per and schemes where substantial outlays could
month. The scheme was initially started with the be earmarked for women, which grew into the
focus of distributing only rice at subsidized prices. Karnataka Mahila Abhivruddhi Yojane to monitor
But rice is not the staple food of many people the inter-sectoral allocation of funds for women,
in Karnataka. Therefore, other food grains like ensure gender equality and to integrate women in
14
Jowar, Ragi and Wheat were also included in the the mainstream of development.
Territorial Changes including Ballari district; b) Vijayapura, Dharwad
The erstwhile princely State of Mysuru came and Uttara Kannada district and Belagavi district
LQWR H[LVWHQFH DIWHU WKH )RXUWK $QJOR0\VXUX H[FOXGLQJ&KDQGJDGWDOXNZLWKDQDUHDRI
INTRODUCTION
war in 1799 A.D. and it formed the Nucleus State VTNPF .DODEXUDJL ([FHSW.RGDQJDODQG7DQGXU
IRU WKH 1HZ 6WDWH RI 0\VXUX XQGHU WKH 6WDWHV· WDOXNV VTNP 5DLFKXU H[FHSW $ODPSXU
Reorganization Act of 1956. The area reported and Gadwal taluks)-14,078 sq. km; and Bidar
corresponding to the unit was 75,412 sq.km. In GLVWULFW H[FHSW $KPHGSXU 1LODQJD DQG 8GJLU
1881 this unit consisted of only seven districts taluks, Nayalkar Circle of Bidar taluk, Zahirabad
namely Bengaluru, Tumakuru, Kolar, Kadur, WDOXN H[FHSW 1LUQD circle and three villages of
Mysuru, Chitradurga and Shivamogga. In 1886, Humnabad taluk and Narayankhed taluk) with an
Hassan district was carved out as eighth district area of 5,363 sq.km. from former Hyderabad State;
and in 1939, Mandya district was created as the G 'DNVKLQD.DQQDGD H[FHSW.DVDUJRGWDOXNDQG
ninth district and in 1953, the Ballari district Amindivi islands) with an area of 8,385 sq.km; and
RI 0DGUDV 6WDWH H[FOXGLQJ $GRQL $OXU DQG Kollegal taluk of Coimbatore district with an area
Rayadurga taluks) was transferred to Mysuru of 2,786 sq.km. from former Madras State; and e)
State when the State of Andhra Pradesh was former part C State of Coorg (Kodagu) district with
formed, resulting in an addition of 9,897 sq. km. an area of 4,131 sq.km. In 1969, Savanur taluk
to the area of the State. was created and in 1974, Hagaribommanahalli
Political movements for the creation of new, taluk was created by the abolition of the former
linguistic-based states developed around India in Mallapuram taluk of Ballari district. During
the years after independence. The movement to 1986, Bengaluru Rural district was carved out
create a Telugu speaking State out of the northern of the former Bengaluru district. The jurisdiction
portion of Madras State gathered strength in the RI .DUQDWDND VWDWH H[WHQGV RYHU SRUWLRQV ODQG
years after independence, and in 1953, the 16 locked within Maharashtra i.e. Dhamne S. Bailur
northern, Telugu speaking districts of Madras and Kudrimani of Belagavi taluk, land Mukhed of
State became the new State of Andhra. In Aurad taluk of Bidar district.
December 1953, Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru
In August 1997, seven more districts were
appointed the States Re-organization Commission
newly formed raising the number of district in the
to work out the modality for the creation of states
State to 27. During August 2007, Ramanagara
on linguistic lines. This was headed by Justice
and Chikkaballapur districts were created from
Fazal Ali and the commission itself was also
Bengaluru Rural and Kolar districts respectively.
known as the Fazal Ali Commission. The efforts
Yadagiri forms the youngest district carved out of
of this commission were overseen by Govind
Kalaburagi district on 10th April, 2010 and was
Ballabh pant, who served as Home Minister from
RIÀFLDOO\ GHFODUHG DV WK GLVWULFW RI .DUQDWDND
December 1954. The commission created a report
There have been a few jurisdictional changes in
in 1955 recommending the reorganization of
the boundaries of the districts after 2001 Census
,QGLD·V6WDWHV
due to the creation of three new districts.
The States Reorganization Act of 1956, which
Administrative Divisions
went into effect on November 1st, eliminated
Karnataka State has been divided into four
the distinction between part A, B and C States.
Revenue divisions, 52 sub-divisions, 30 districts,
It also reorganized the State boundaries and
177 taluks including the recently formed Kittur
created or dissolved States and union territories.
Taluk and 747 hoblies/Revenue Circles for
On November 1st, 1956, India was divided into
states and union territories. The Mysuru State administrative purposes. The district-wise
was enlarged by the addition of Kodagu State and area, population and administrative divisions
the Kannada speaking districts from southern of Karnataka State are given in Table 1.1. The
Bombay State and western Hyderabad State. Bengaluru Division comprises of Bengaluru,
Bengaluru Rural, Ramanagara, Tumakuru, Kolar,
The State of Mysuru (rechristened as Karnataka Chikkaballapura, Chitradurga, Shivamogga
with effect from 1.11.1973) with its territorial and Davanagere districts with headquarters
FRQWHQW DV LW H[LVWV QRZ ZDV IRUPHG RQ VW at Bengaluru. The Mysuru Division consists
November, 1956 under the States Re-organization of the districts of Mysuru, Mandya, Hassan, 15
Act. It comprised of a) the old Mysuru State Chikkamagaluru, Dakshina Kannada, Kodagu,
Udupi and Chamarajanagara districts with headquarters at Mysuru. The Belagavi Division has
Belagavi, Vijayapura, Dharwad, Gadag, Haveri, Uttara Kannada and Bagalkot districts under its
jurisdiction with headquarters at Belagavi, and Kalaburagi division with headquarters at Kalaburagi
covers the districts of Bidar, Kalaburagi, Yadagiri, Ballari, Raichur and Koppal districts. The State has
HAND BOOK OF
KARNATAKA
29,340 villages, 220 Statutory towns and 127 Census towns as per 2011 Census.
Area and Administrative Divisions (Numbers)
Sl.No. Year Area in Sq.km Taluks Hoblies Villages Inhabited Villages Un-inhabited Cities and Towns
1 1961 1,91,757 175 662 26,377 NA 231
2 1971 1,91,773 175 739 26,826 2,707 245
3 1981 1,91,791 175 745 27,024 2,362 281
4 1991 1,91,791 175 745 27,066 2,127 254
5 2001 1,91,791 176 745 27,481 1,925 270
6 2011 1,91,791 176 747 27,397 1,943 347
1RWH 'LVWULFWZLVHWDOXNVOLVW LQFOXGLQJQHZO\FUHDWHGWDOXNV LVJLYHQDWWKHHQGRIWKLVFKDSWHU SDJHV
Table 1.1 : Area, Provisional Population and Administrative Divisions of Karnataka
Area Per cent of Population Per cent of Density No. of No. of
District
(Sq.km) State (2011) State (2011) Taluks Hoblies
Bengaluru 2,196 1.14 95,88,910 15.69 4,378 4 17
Bengaluru Rural 2,298 1.20 9,87,257 1.61 441 4 17
Ramanagara 3,516 1.83 10,82,739 1.77 303 4 18
Chitradurga 8,436 4.40 16,60,378 2.72 197 6 22
Davangere 5,924 3.09 19,46,905 3.18 329 6 24
Kolar 3,979 2.07 15,40,231 2.52 384 5 27
Chikkaballapura 4,244 2.21 12,54,377 2.05 298 6 26
Shivamogga 8,478 4.42 17,55,512 2.87 207 7 40
Tumakuru 10,597 5.53 26,81,449 4.39 253 10 50
Chikkamagaluru 7,202 3.76 11,37,753 1.86 158 7 34
Dakshina Kannada 4,861 2.53 20,83,625 3.41 457 5 17
Udupi 3,582 1.87 11,77,908 1.93 304 3 9
Hassan 6,814 3.55 17,76,221 2.91 261 8 38
Kodagu 4,102 2.14 5,54,762 0.91 135 3 16
Mandya 4,962 2.59 18,08,680 2.96 365 7 31
Mysuru 6,307 3.29 29,94,744 4.90 437 7 33
Chamarajanagar 5,648 2.94 10,20,962 1.67 200 4 16
Belagavi 13,433 7.00 47,78,439 7.82 356 10 35
Vijayapura 10,498 5.47 21,75,102 3.56 207 5 18
Bagalkot 6,552 3.42 18,90,826 3.09 288 6 18
Dharwad 4,260 2.22 18,46,993 3.02 434 5 14
Gadag 4,657 2.43 10,65,235 1.74 229 5 11
Haveri 4,823 2.51 15,98,506 2.61 331 7 19
Uttara Kannada 10,277 5.36 14,36,847 2.35 140 11 35
Ballari 8,461 4.41 25,32,383 4.14 300 7 27
Bidar 5,448 2.84 17,00,018 2.78 312 5 30
Kalaburagi 10,954 5.71 25,64,892 4.20 233 7 32
Raichur 8,442 4.40 19,24,773 3.15 228 5 37
Koppal 5,570 2.90 13,91,292 2.28 250 4 20
Yadagiri 5,270 2.75 11,72,985 1.92 224 3 16
16 State 1,91,791 100 6,11,30,704 100 319 176 747
Physiography : Physiographically Karnataka hills of Mysuru district and the Brahmagiri range
6WDWHIRUPVSDUWRIWZRZHOOGHÀQHGPDFURUHJLRQV of Kodagu district.
of Indian Union; the Deccan Plateau and the
Karnataka Coastal Region : The Karnataka
INTRODUCTION
Coastal plains and Islands. The State has four
&RDVWDO 5HJLRQ ZKLFK H[WHQGV EHWZHHQ WKH
physiographic regions which are as follows:
Western Ghats edge of the Karnataka Plateau in
Northern Karnataka Plateau : Northern the east and the Arabian Sea in the west, covers
Karnataka Plateau comprises of the districts of Dakshina Kannada, Udupi and Uttara Kannada
Belagavi, Bidar, Vijayapura, Bagalkot, Kalaburagi districts. This region is traversed by several ridges
and Yadgir. It is largely composed of Deccan Trap. DQGVSXUVRI:HVWHUQ*KDWV,WLVDGLIÀFXOWWHUUDLQ
,W UHSUHVHQWV D PRQRWRQRXV WUHHOHVV H[WHQVLYH with full of rivers, creeks, water falls, peaks and
plateau landscape with a general elevation of 300 ranges of hills. The coastal region consists of two
to 600 metres from the mean sea level. However, broad physical units, the plains and the Western
the river plains of the Krishna, the Bhima, the Ghats. The Coastal plains, represent a narrow
Ghataprabha and the Malaprabha with the stretch of estuarine and marine plains. The abrupt
intervening watersheds, the step like landscapes, ULVH DW WKH HDVWHUQ ÁDQNV IRUPV WKH :HVWHUQ
lateritic escarpments, residual hills and ridges Ghats. The northern parts of the Ghats are of
EUHDNWKHPRQRWRQ\RIWKLVH[WHQVLYHSODWHDX7KH lower elevation (450-600 metres) as compared
general slope is towards east and this region is to the Southern parts (900-1,500 metres). The
largely covered with rich black cotton soils. coastal belt with an average width of 50 to 80 km
Central Karnataka Plateau: Central covers a distance of about 267 km. from north
Karnataka Plateau covers the districts of Ballari, to south. At certain places the crest of adjoining
Chikkamagaluru, Chitradurga, Davanagere, Western Ghats reach the sea as close as 13 km
Dharwad, Gadag, Haveri, Raichur, Koppal and near Karwar. The average height is generally 75
Shivamogga. The region represents the transitional metres from the mean sea level.
surface between the Northern Karnataka Plateau Topography : Karnataka has representatives of all
of Deccan Trap and Southern Karnataka Plateau types of variation in topography – high mountains,
with relatively higher surface. By and large, this plateaus, residual hills and coastal plains. The
region represents the area of Tungabhadra basin. State is enclosed by chains of mountains to its
The general elevation varies between 450 and west, east and south. It consists mainly of plateau
700 metres. However, this transitional ground is which has higher elevation of 600 to 900 metres
broken by several sets of parallel ridges mainly above mean sea level. The entire landscape is
made up of Dharwar system of rocks. The height of undulating broken up by mountains and deep
such residual hills is about 900 metres above sea ravines.
level. The general slope of this region is towards
Plain land of elevation less than 300 metres
the east.
above mean sea level is to be found only in the
Southern Karnataka Plateau: The Southern narrow coastal belt, facing the Arabian Sea.
Karnataka Plateau covers the districts of There are quite a few high peaks both in Western
Bengaluru, Bengaluru Rural, Hassan, Kodagu, and Eastern Ghat systems with altitudes more
Kolar, Mandya, Mysuru, Chamarajanagar and than 1500 meters. A series of cross-sections
Tumakuru. This region largely covers the area drawn from west to east across the Western
of the Cauvery river basin lying in Karnataka. *KDW JHQHUDOO\ H[KLELW D QDUURZ FRDVWDO SODLQ
It is bounded by 600 metres contour and is followed to the east by small and short plateaus
characterized by a higher degree of slope. In at different altitudes, then suddenly rising upto
the west and south it is enclosed by the ranges great heights. Then follows the gentle east and
of Western Ghats and the northern part is an east-north-west sloping plateau. Among the
LQWHUUXSWHG EXW FOHDUO\ LGHQWLÀDEOH KLJK SODWHDX tallest peaks of Karnataka are the Mullayyanagiri
In the east, the valleys of the Cauvery and its (1,925 m), Bababudangiri (Chandradrona Parvata
tributaries open out to form undulating plains. 1,894 m.) and the Kudremukh (1,895 m) all in
The general elevation of the region varies from 600 Chikkamagaluru district and the Pushpagiri
to 900 metres. However, residual heights of 1,500 (1,908 m) in Kodagu district. There are a dozen
to 1,750 metres are found in the Biligirirangan peaks which rise above the height of 1,500 metres. 17
The percentage of area coming under different gold, chromite and vanadium bearing titaniferous
elevations is as follows: less than 150 metres-5.16; magnetite, besides other economically important
150 to 300 metres-1.95; 300 to 600 metre - 43.51; non-metallic minerals like asbestos, barites,
600 to 1,350 meters-48.81 and more than 1,350 corundum, kyanite, sillimanite and garnet.
HAND BOOK OF
KARNATAKA
metres-0.57.
Peninsular Gneissic Complex:(2,500 million
GEOLOGY years – 2,400 million years) : The larger part of
.DUQDWDND LV RQH RI WKH ÀYH PDMRU $UFKHDQ the Karnataka State is composed of granite,
Cratons of the Indian shield preserving within it granodiorite and gneissic granite along with
rocks ranging in age from 3.4 billion years to 2.6 banded gneiss and migmatite which are
billion years. In geological literature, this craton is collectively known by the name Peninsular
UHIHUUHGWRDVWKH'KDUZDU&UDWRQZKLFKH[WHQGV *QHLVVLF &RPSOH[ 7KH variations shown by
beyond the geographical boundary of the state. Peninsular gneisses are the results of the intimate
In general, the geological formations of the state PL[LQJDQGLQWHUDFWLRQRIWRQROLWLFPDWHULDOVZLWK
are grouped under these categories: The Archean SUHH[LVWLQJ PDÀF²XOWUDPDÀF FRPSRQHQWV DQG
FRPSOH[ FRQVLVWLQJ RI ERWK ROGHU DQG \RXQJHU associated sedimentary rocks of earlier greenstone
schist belts, granitic gneiss, the Proterozoic belts. Peninsular gneiss is believed to be the
sedimentary formations, the Deccan Traps, the basement for the Dharwar Supergroup. The term
Tertiary and Recent formations. Of these, the is now restricted to the gneisses occurring west of
major part (about 60 per cent) of the State is Closepet granite.
FRPSRVHG RI WKH $UFKHDQ FRPSOH[ FRQVLVWLQJ RI
gneisses, granites and high grade rocks. Dharwar Supergroup : (2,500 to 2,000 million
years) Dharwar Supergroup consists of volcanic
Division of Dharwar Craton : Dharwar Craton and sedimentary sequences accumulating in
is divided into two major blocks designated as JHRV\QFOLQDOV EDVLQ H[WHQGLQJ LQ QRUWK ZHVW
The Western Dharwar Craton and The Eastern direction and are traceable continuously along
Dharwar Craton, considering the regional the strike for over more than 300 km. Dharwar
changes, lithological variations, differences in supergroup is sub divided into two main groups,
volcano sedimentary environment, magmatism lower is designated as the Bababudan Group
and grade of metamorphism. The western named after the Bababudan range and consist
Dharwar craton is characterized by large schist mainly of quartzite, banded iron formation and
belts showing evidences of being accumulated in YROFDQLFÁRZVUHVWLQJRQWKHHURGHGHGJHVRIWKH
distinct sedimentary basins, while, the Eastern JQHLVVLFFRPSOH[
Dharwar craton is characterized by voluminous
juvenile granites and remobilized gneiss along Economically, this group is important for its
with the remnants of schist belts. The north- rich accumulations of iron ore. Reserves run
south trending Closepet Granite demarcates into several billion tonnes. The rich iron ores of
the boundary between the two blocks. In the Ballari district have contributed substantially
ODWHVW FODVVLÀFDWLRQ WKH WHUP 3HQLQVXODU *QHLVV WR WKH H[SRUW WUDGH LQ LURQ RUH 7KH PDJQHWLWH
LV UHVWULFWHG WR WKH JUH\ JQHLVV FRPSOH[ RI WKH quartzites of Kudremukh were earlier mined on a
Western Dharwar Craton, while, the dominantly large scale, but, now considering the importance
gneissic terrain to the east of the Eastern Dharwar of bio-diversity of Western Ghats, the mining has
Craton is designated as the Dharwar Batholith. been abandoned. The conglomerate at the base of
the Bababudan Group carries values of gold and
Western Dharwar Craton : The Western copper and also shows high radio activity. In this
Dharwar Craton contains three major components respect, these conglomerates show similarities
namely, the schist belonging to the older Sargur to the famous Witwatersrand conglomerates of
Group (3,100 to 3,300 million years) under which South Africa.
are included Sargur, Holenarsipur, Krishnarajpet,
Nagamangala, Hadanur, Nuggehalli, Karighatta The upper Chitradurga Group overlies the
and other minor belts, which are made up of Bababudan Group and represents geosynclinals
diverse lithological assemblages ranging from pile with sedimentary rocks dominating over the
PDÀFWRXOWUDPDÀFURFNVDOXPLQRXVVHGLPHQWV volcanics. The greater part of the Shivamogga
schists belt is made up of rocks belonging to
18 most of which show high grade metamorphism.
Rocks belonging to this group are rich in deposits of Chitradurga Group. The unconformity at the base
of the Dharwar Supergroup is well demonstrated the tectonic settings of Eastern Dharwar Craton
at many places. Rocks belonging to the Group are seems to be in contrast with the Western Dharwar
economically important, being the host rocks for Craton. The gneissic rocks, mostly of granodioritic
INTRODUCTION
rich accumulations of iron and manganese. The and granitic composition represent remobilised
limestones of Hosadurga, Chikkanayakanahalli, parts of an older crust with large-scale addition of
Banasandra, Kudrekanive and Bhadigund are newer granitic material (2500-2600 m.y). This has
H[SORLWHG IRU SURGXFWLRQ RI FHPHQW 7KH EDVLF been largely referred to as Dharwar Batholith. The
volcanic rocks and their differentiates contain distinguishing feature of the schist belt occurring
economic concentration of gold, as at Bellara, to the east of Closepet Granite are the absence of
Ajjanahalli, Kudurekonda, Palavanahalli and XOWUDPDÀF URFNV DQG WKH OD\HUHG FRPSOH[ ODUJH
Nyamti and of copper at Ingaldhal. Ranibennur VFDOHPDÀFYROFDQLVPKLJKJUDGHPHWDPRUSKLVP
sequence is considered as a sub group and is and pre-dominance of potash-rich granitic
SUHVHQWO\ FODVVLÀHG DV WKH WRS PRVW IRUPDWLRQ intrusion.
within the Chitradurga Group.
The schist belts of Eastern Dharwar Craton
High grade terrain: The high-grade granulite belonging to Dharwar Supergroup include
WHUUDLQ LV FRQÀQHG WR WKH VRXWKHUQ H[WUHPLW\ RI the Kolar Schist belt, Siruguppa Schist belt,
the State. Structural and metamorphic continuity Hutti - Maski schist belt, Mangalur schist belt,
is observed between the low-grade and the high- Hunagund-Kustagi schist belt, Deodurga schist
JUDGH WHUUDLQ ZKLFK H[WHQGV IXUWKHU VRXWK LQWR belt. Of these, the Kolar and Hutti schist belts
Tamil Nadu and Kerala. The high-grade terrain are well known for their gold mineralisation and
is considered to represent a laterally situated KDYH EHHQ H[WHQVLYHO\ PLQHG 6RPHWLPHV WKHVH
but more deeply eroded level of the crust. two belts are called gold-bearing schist belts of
The commonest rocks are granulite to upper Eastern Karnataka and the province is called
amphibolites gneisses. Remnants of some of the Eastern Gold Field Province. Most Archean gold
earliest sediments and volcanics and also layered mineralisation is found in rocks which are 2700-
DQRUWKRVLWH FRPSOH[HV DUH IRXQG ZLWKLQ WKH 2600 m.y. old and perhaps this corresponds to a
gneisses. period of crustal thickening and stabilisation.
Closepet granite : (2,600 million years) Closepet Dharwar Batholith : The terrain east of Closepet
Granite (after the town of Closepet, named for Granite is made up of granite, granodiorite,
0DMRU &ORVH D %ULWLVK $UP\ RIÀFHU LV WKH QDPH monzonite, diorite and older migmatitic gneiss
given to a younger set of coarse-grained potassic DQG H[WHQGV RYHU KXQGUHGV RI NLORPHWHU SDUDOOHO
granites which form a chain of rounded bosses to the green schist belts. The term `Peninsular
and domes running north-south, right through *QHLVV·QRZLVUHVWULFWHGWRWKHROGHUJQHLVVHVRI
the middle of the State from near Sivasamudram Western Dharwar Craton.
in the south to past Ballari in the north, a length
The plutonic belts of Eastern Dharwar Craton
of over 400 km. These coarse-grained granites are
have been grouped under Dharwar Batholith. The
FRQÀQHG WR D EHOW RI DERXW NP ZLGH 7KH
Dharwar Batholith, in contrast to the tonolitic
PDJQLÀFHQWKLOOPDVVHVRI6DYDQDGXUJD0DJDGL
DQG WURQGKMHPLWLF JQHLVVLF FRPSOH[ LV PDLQO\
Closepet (present Ramanagaram), Shivaganga,
granodioritic and granitic in composition. It is a
Devarayanadurga, Madhugiri, Molakalmuru and
product of remobilisation of the crust during late
Pavagada are formed of these granites.
Archean and early Proterozoic time with abundant
Closepet granite is believed to be a major addition of juvenile granitic material around 2600
geosuture joining the Western Dharwar Craton million years.
and the Eastern Dharwar Craton, the two distinct
Proterozoic Basins
crustal blocks of late Archean age.
(1,600 to 542 million years)
Eastern Dharwar Craton : Unlike the western
Dharwar Craton, where the basement-cover Kaladgi basin : The basin covers over 8,300
relationship could clearly be established, the VTNP H[WHQGLQJ IURP %HODJDYL RQ WKH ZHVW
schistose belts of Eastern Dharwar Craton are to Bagalkot and beyond to the east. The rock
made up of almost a thick pile of basalt with assemblages include quartzite, limestone and
subordinate clastic and chemical sediments with shale. These formations are least affected by
19
no clear indication of gneissic basement. Similarly, subsequent metamorphism. The sediments of the
Kaladgi basin is covered by overlying Deccan traps porous clayey rock full of worm-like tubes, made up
on the west as well on the north. Though Kaladgi PDLQO\RIK\GUDWHGR[LGHVRILURQDQGDOXPLQLXP
sediments were considered as unfossiliferous, formed as the end product of the weathering of
nevertheless stromatolites have been reported XQGHUO\LQJ URFNV 7KH URFN ZDV ÀUVW UHFRJQLVHG
HAND BOOK OF
KARNATAKA
indicating the beginning of life in the early part of along the west coast of India by Buchanan in
HDUWK·VKLVWRU\ 1807, who appropriately named it as laterite from
CODWHUD·ZKLFKLQ/DWLQPHDQVEULFN,WLVIRUPHG
Badami Group : Badami Group occupies
under special climatic condition of alternating wet
an area of about 2,600 sq.km. in Bagalkot and
and dry seasons. Much of the silica in the original
Belagavi districts. The red coloured quartzite
rock is dissolved and carried away, leaving the
is characteristic of this group. The rocks are
ZHDWKHUHG SURGXFW ULFK LQ R[LGHV RI LURQ DQG
FRQÀQHGWRWKHVRXWKHUQSDUWRIWKH.DODGJLEDVLQ
aluminum. The laterite-cappings over bed-rock
The renowned rock cut temples of Badami and
range in thickness from 15 to 60 m. The best
Aihole are carved out of the red coloured Badami
development of laterite is seen in the Bidar,
sandstone.
Humnabad and Basavakalyan taluks of Bidar
Bhima Group : Rocks of this group are district. The entire coastal belt from Kasargod
H[SRVHGRQHLWKHUVLGHRIWKH%KLPDULYHUFRYHULQJ right upto Karwar is covered by thick cappings
the districts of Vijayapura, Kalaburagi and of laterite. Cappings are common over the Deccan
partly Yadgir and is covered by the Deccan Trap Traps in Belagavi and Uttara Kannada districts.
on the north. The rock assemblages include
Recent Deposits and Alluvium : The coastal
conglomerate, sandstone, shale and limestone. The
plain bordering the Arabian Sea for a length of
Bhima Group of rocks show evidences of having
over 300 km. from Mangaluru in the south up
been deposited in a shallow marine environment.
to Goa border in the north and over a width of
The limestone deposits of the proterozoic basins
10 to 20 km inland is covered by laterite. There
in the northern part of Karnataka have supported
LV QR FRQWLQXRXV H[SRVXUH RI UHFHQW VHGLPHQWV
large scale cement factories.
and alluvium as along the East Coast. Alluvium
Deccan Volcanics : (63 to 68 million years) LV H[SRVHG PRVWO\ DORQJ WKH ULYHU EDQNV DQG
Deccan volcanism occurred at the close of the estuaries. Blown sands occur along the coastal
Cretaceous and dawn of the Tertiary period in beaches. Thin beds of shell lime are seen in
HDUWK·V KLVWRU\ 7KH QRUWKHUQ SDUW RI .DUQDWDND parts of Mangaluru, Udupi, Kundapur, Tadri and
and more particularly the districts of Belagavi, Karwar.
Vijayapura, Bidar and Kalaburagi are covered
WATER RESOURCES
RYHU E\ H[WHQVLYH VSUHDGV RI 'HFFDQ 7UDS 7KH
.DUQDWDNDDFFRXQWVIRUDERXWVL[SHUFHQWRIWKH
episode coincided with the uplift of Western
&RXQWU\·V VXUIDFH ZDWHU UHVRXUFHV RI ODNK
Ghats. Deccan traps occur mainly as volcanic
million cubic meters (M.cum). About 40 per cent
piles forming a gently rolling country presenting a
RI WKLV LV DYDLODEOH LQ WKH HDVW ÁRZLQJ ULYHUV DQG
monotonous landscape with very little vegetation.
WKHUHPDLQLQJIURPWKHZHVWÁRZLQJULYHUV7KHUH
However, these rocks have given rise to the
are seven river basins which with their tributaries
H[WHQVLYHGHYHORSPHQWRIEODFNFRWWRQVRLO
drain the State. The names of river system and
Laterite : Laterite is a peculiar type of residual the area drained by them are as follows:
Drainage area Estimated Average Yield
No. River System
000 sq.km Per Cent M.cum TMC Per Cent
1 Krishna 111.74 58.56 27,451 969.44 28.20
2 Cauvery 36.13 18.97 10,980 387.76 11.28
3 Godavari 4.43 2.32 1,415 49.97 1.45
4 West Flowing rivers 24.53 12.88 56,600 1,998.83 58.14
5 North Pennar 6.91 3.64
6 South Pennar 3.76 1.97 906 32 0.93
7 Palar 2.97 1.56
20 Total 190.50 100 97,352 3,438.00 100
Normal and Actual Average Rainfall by Districts.
8QLW ,Q0LOOLPHWHUV
Actual Average
District Normal
INTRODUCTION
Sl.
2014 2015 2016
No.
1 2 3 4 5
1 Bagalkote 588 636 491 409
2 Bengaluru 848 821 1059 1214
3 Bengaluru (R) 751 831 1085 688
4 Belagavi 844 1125 678 828
5 Ballari 606 567 483 346
6 Bidar 886 607 562 1168
7 Vijayapura 632 882 389 450
8 Chamrajanagara 735 867 849 239
9 Chikkaballapura 677 424 1088 497
10 Chikkamagaluru 2075 1977 1621 1416
11 Chitradurga 507 768 657 295
12 Dakshina Kannada 3524 3724 3147 3007
13 Davanagere 637 901 620 456
14 Dharwad 787 980 582 484
15 Gadag 631 698 391 364
16 Kalaburagi 842 702 526 865
17 Hassan 1147 1500 1271 920
18 Haveri 782 1094 662 538
19 Kodagu 2693 3016 2431 2057
20 Kolar 633 494 968 418
21 Koppal 587 725 472 352
22 Mandya 655 781 796 406
23 Mysuru 739 385 823 371
24 Ramanagara 822 749 997 534
25 Raichur 658 547 450 408
26 Shivamogga 2682 2994 2019 1738
27 Tumakuru 589 690 896 417
28 Udupi 4285 4009 3771 3552
29 Uttara Kannada 2887 2999 2043 2163
30 Yadagiri 832 531 629 637
Karnataka 1220 1414 1160 996
1RWH 1RUPDO\HDUVDYHUDJH$FWXDO$YHUDJH 21
6RXUFH 'LUHFWRUDWHRI(FRQRPLFVDQG6WDWLVWLFV
Monthly Normal and Actual Average Rainfall by Districts.
8QLW ,Q0LOOLPHWHUV
January February March April May
HAND BOOK OF
KARNATAKA
Year / District Actual Actual Actual Actual Actual
Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal
Average Average Average Average Average
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
2014 2 - 3 3 8 16 39 36 92 108
2015 2 1 3 2 8 27 39 61 92 118
2016 2 1 3 1 8 3 39 9 92 74
2016
Sl.
Year / District
No.
1 Bagalkote 2 - 2 - 5 - 23 13 56 36
2 Bengaluru 1 6 3 - 6 24 33 21 81 215
3 Bengaluru (R) 2 4 7 - 8 7 39 5 103 124
4 Belagavi 1 - 1 1 7 5 32 10 77 39
5 Ballari 1 2 2 - 3 - 25 12 63 41
6 Bidar 5 - 8 6 11 15 20 13 31 29
7 Vijayapura 2 - 3 - 6 4 18 7 44 30
8 Chamrajanagara 3 4 6 1 12 2 58 11 133 80
9 Chikkaballapura 2 1 3 - 6 - 24 - 67 121
10 Chikkamagaluru 2 0 2 5 12 5 60 16 110 104
11 Chitradurga 1 1 1 - 4 - 26 4 69 57
Dakshina
12 3 - 2 - 9 - 46 6 173 163
Kannada
13 Davanagere 1 - 1 - 4 - 33 2 73 63
14 Dharwad 3 - 4 1 8 4 46 25 88 54
15 Gadag 1 - 1 - 4 1 33 15 76 66
16 Kalaburagi 3 - 4 - 8 11 19 10 38 43
17 Hassan 2 - 2 - 8 1 51 31 96 94
18 Haveri 1 - 1 - 5 3 41 14 81 63
19 Kodagu 4 - 5 - 19 2 84 16 162 135
20 Kolar 2 2 4 - 8 4 23 - 67 126
21 Koppal 1 - 1 - 2 - 21 10 53 40
22 Mandya 2 1 4 - 8 - 43 6 108 65
23 Mysuru 3 2 4 - 11 4 60 12 124 92
24 Ramanagara 1 1 5 - 10 2 44 6 116 110
25 Raichur 2 - 2 - 4 - 18 - 40 18
26 Shivamogga 1 - - - 5 - 30 2 89 68
27 Tumakuru 1 3 2 - 6 - 25 3 76 77
28 Udupi 2 - 1 - 5 2 30 1 185 111
29 Uttara Kannada 1 - - - 3 - 25 1 119 58
30 Yadagiri 4 - 4 - 6 - 20 3 35 40
22 1RWH 1RUPDO\HDUVDYHUDJH
6RXUFH 'LUHFWRUDWHRI(FRQRPLFVDQG6WDWLVWLFV
Monthly Normal and Actual Average Rainfall by Districts. (Contd...)
8QLW ,Q0LOOLPHWHUV
June July August September
INTRODUCTION
Year / District Actual Actual Actual Actual
Normal Normal Normal Normal
Average Average Average Average
1 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
2014 197 145 308 399 220 362 155 173
2015 197 250 308 194 220 178 155 157
2016 197 263 308 295 220 175 155 117
2016
Sl.
Year / District
No.
1 Bagalkote 74 90 74 102 69 56 142 60
2 Bengaluru 61 302 92 356 111 85 156 71
3 Bengaluru (R) 67 150 94 239 120 29 182 43
4 Belagavi 122 134 210 307 128 219 114 82
5 Ballari 68 116 76 54 82 29 137 74
6 Bidar 132 204 191 246 195 74 187 498
7 Vijayapura 89 100 87 121 86 32 167 133
8 Chamrajanagara 46 57 64 48 61 8 110 10
9 Chikkaballapura 54 116 78 170 93 7 146 27
10 Chikkamagaluru 372 304 962 366 426 242 170 114
11 Chitradurga 44 77 52 78 53 11 107 44
12 Dakshina Kannada 854 966 1080 958 752 570 292 239
13 Davanagere 73 156 104 106 81 41 109 68
14 Dharwad 108 121 149 126 101 75 121 50
15 Gadag 80 93 72 66 74 38 140 78
16 Kalaburagi 122 170 159 251 168 47 200 295
17 Hassan 60 231 301 282 198 157 123 65
18 Haveri 110 155 171 133 112 79 98 57
19 Kodagu 507 562 833 578 556 471 222 205
20 Kolar 47 73 66 122 76 32 133 7
21 Koppal 66 128 79 61 87 42 145 52
22 Mandya 44 64 50 112 53 56 123 36
23 Mysuru 72 97 103 89 67 16 93 10
24 Ramanagara 64 72 80 178 102 65 168 18
25 Raichur 79 127 111 102 120 46 153 114
26 Shivamogga 524 473 974 555 666 431 202 144
27 Tumakuru 47 108 58 136 63 24 137 23
28 Udupi 1085 1311 1360 1054 895 667 416 314
29 Uttara Kannada 698 616 988 668 598 519 253 213
30 Yadagiri 115 143 156 181 157 59 191 185
1RWH 1RUPDO\HDUVDYHUDJH 23
6RXUFH 'LUHFWRUDWHRI(FRQRPLFVDQG6WDWLVWLFV
Monthly Normal and Actual Average Rainfall by Districts. (Contd...)
8QLW ,Q0LOOLPHWHUV
October November December Annual
HAND BOOK OF
KARNATAKA
Year / District Actual Actual Actual Actual
Normal Normal Normal Normal
Average Average Average Average
1 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
2014 139 131 45 27 11 15 1220 1414
2015 139 99 45 70 11 3 1220 1160
2016 139 34 45 12 11 14 1220 996
2016
Sl.
Year / District
No.
1 Bagalkote 105 46 28 5 7 - 588 409
2 Bengaluru 151 52 44 10 11 74 848 1214
3 Bengaluru (R) 159 27 51 6 16 53 751 688
4 Belagavi 110 25 34 6 6 - 844 828
5 Ballari 107 12 30 1 11 5 606 346
6 Bidar 81 82 19 - 7 - 886 1168
7 Vijayapura 100 22 24 - 7 1 632 450
8 Chamrajanagara 152 8 62 2 28 8 735 239
9 Chikkaballapura 145 4 46 2 13 47 677 497
10 Chikkamagaluru 165 118 54 117 11 26 2075 1416
11 Chitradurga 110 12 32 - 8 12 507 295
12 Dakshina Kannada 216 52 80 46 17 8 3524 3007
13 Davanagere 111 13 40 4 7 4 637 456
14 Dharwad 112 21 41 8 7 - 787 484
15 Gadag 111 5 32 - 7 2 631 364
16 Kalaburagi 97 35 20 1 5 2 842 865
17 Hassan 148 13 49 12 10 32 1147 920
18 Haveri 111 16 43 17 8 2 782 538
19 Kodagu 206 36 78 21 18 30 2693 2057
20 Kolar 129 15 52 - 17 38 622 418
21 Koppal 106 17 22 - 6 1 587 352
22 Mandya 155 26 49 5 15 35 655 406
23 Mysuru 143 21 47 4 13 26 739 371
24 Ramanagara 168 35 51 5 13 42 822 534
25 Raichur 106 1 19 - 6 - 658 408
26 Shivamogga 141 40 41 21 6 2 2683 1738
27 Tumakuru 126 16 39 3 8 22 589 417
28 Udupi 212 71 76 13 18 6 4285 3552
29 Uttara Kannada 140 75 50 11 10 - 2887 2163
30 Yadagiri 116 21 23 2 5 2 832 637
24 1RWH 1RUPDO\HDUVDYHUDJH
6RXUFH 'LUHFWRUDWHRI(FRQRPLFVDQG6WDWLVWLFV
Seasonwise Distribution of Rainfall
8QLW ,Q0LOOLPHWHUV
Cold Weather Period Cold Weather Period Cold Weather Period
INTRODUCTION
(January to February) (March to May) (June to September)
Year / District
Normal Actual Average Normal Actual Average Normal Actual Average
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
2014 5 3 139 160 880 1078
2015 5 4 139 206 880 778
2016 5 1 139 85 880 850
2016
Sl.
Year / District
No.
1 Bagalkote 4 - 84 50 359 308
2 Bengaluru 9 6 150 260 463 813
3 Bengaluru (R) 4 4 120 137 420 461
4 Belagavi 2 1 116 54 574 742
5 Ballari 3 2 91 54 363 272
6 Bidar 13 6 62 56 705 1023
7 Vijayapura 5 - 68 41 429 386
8 Chamrajanagara 9 4 203 93 281 123
9 Chikkaballapura 5 1 97 122 371 320
10 Chikkamagaluru 4 5 182 125 1660 1025
11 Chitradurga 2 1 99 61 256 209
12 Dakshina Kannada 5 - 228 168 2978 2733
13 Davanagere 2 - 110 64 367 371
14 Dharwad 7 1 142 83 479 371
15 Gadag 2 - 113 82 366 275
16 Kalaburagi 7 - 65 65 649 762
17 Hassan 4 1 155 126 782 736
18 Haveri 2 - 127 79 91 424
19 Kodagu 9 - 265 154 2118 1817
20 Kolar 6 2 98 130 322 234
21 Koppal 2 - 76 50 377 284
22 Mandya 6 2 159 71 270 267
23 Mysuru 7 2 195 108 335 211
24 Ramanagara 6 1 170 118 414 333
25 Raichur 4 - 62 18 463 389
26 Shivamogga 1 - 126 70 2367 1606
27 Tumakuru 3 3 107 81 305 292
28 Udupi 3 - 220 114 3756 3347
29 Uttara Kannada 1 - 147 60 2537 2016
30 Yadagiri 8 - 61 44 619 568
1RWH 1RUPDO\HDUVDYHUDJH
6RXUFH 'LUHFWRUDWHRI(FRQRPLFVDQG6WDWLVWLFV 25
Seasonwise Distribution of Rainfall (Contd...)
8QLW ,Q0LOOLPHWHUV
Percentage
Departure of
North East Monsoon departure of
HAND BOOK OF
KARNATAKA
Annual (January to December) Actual average
(October to December) actual average
Year / District from normal
from normal
Normal Actual Average Normal Actual Average Normal Actual Average
1 8 9 10 11 12 13
2014 195 173 1220 1414 194 16
2015 195 172 1220 1160 -60 -5
2016 195 60 1220 996 -224 -18
2016
Sl.
Year / District
No.
1 Bagalkote 140 51 588 409 -179 -30
2 Bengaluru 226 135 848 1214 366 43
3 Bengaluru (R) 206 86 751 688 -63 -8
4 Belagavi 150 31 844 828 -16 -2
5 Ballari 148 18 606 346 -260 -43
6 Bidar 107 83 886 1168 282 32
7 Vijayapura 131 23 632 450 -182 -29
8 Chamrajanagara 242 19 735 239 -496 -67
9 Chikkaballapura 204 54 677 497 -180 -27
10 Chikkamagaluru 230 261 2075 1416 -659 -32
11 Chitradurga 150 24 507 295 -212 -42
12 Dakshina Kannada 313 106 3524 3007 -517 -15
13 Davanagere 158 21 637 456 -181 -28
14 Dharwad 160 29 787 484 -303 -39
15 Gadag 150 7 631 364 -267 -42
16 Kalaburagi 122 38 842 865 23 3
17 Hassan 207 57 1147 920 -227 -20
18 Haveri 162 35 782 538 -244 -31
19 Kodagu 302 86 2693 2057 --636 -24
20 Kolar 198 52 622 418 -204 -33
21 Koppal 134 18 587 352 -235 -40
22 Mandya 219 66 655 406 -249 -38
23 Mysuru 203 50 739 371 -368 -50
24 Ramanagara 232 82 822 534 -288 -35
25 Raichur 131 1 658 408 -250 -38
26 Shivamogga 188 62 2682 1738 -944 -35
27 Tumakuru 173 41 589 417 -172 -29
28 Udupi 306 91 4285 3552 -733 -17
29 Uttara Kannada 200 87 2887 2163 -724 -25
30 Yadagiri 144 25 832 637 -195 -23
26 1RWH 1RUPDO\HDUVDYHUDJH
6RXUFH 'LUHFWRUDWHRI(FRQRPLFVDQG6WDWLVWLFV
Karnataka is blessed with water wealth in its and 29.45 per cent in Andhra Pradesh. The
numerous rivers and streams and to a limited .ULVKQD·V FRXUVH IRU NP OLHV LQ .DUQDWDND
H[WHQW LQ LWV JURXQGZDWHU 7KH GHYHORSPHQW RI State. Its major tributaries are the Bhima, the
INTRODUCTION
water resources forms the very backbone of Koyna, and Panchganga, the Dudhganga, the
economic prosperity of the State, especially of Tungabhadra, the Hiranyakeshi, the Ghataprabha
its rural areas. The rivers and river systems DQG WKH 0DODSUDEKD ([FHSW IRU WKH .R\QD DQG
conform to the physiographic divisions, the the Panchganga (barring 3 km along the State
principal water-divide being the Western Ghats ERXQGDU\ DOOWKHVHWULEXWDU\ULYHUVÁRZWKURXJK
VWUHWFKLQJQRUWKVRXWKJLYLQJULVHWRZHVWÁRZLQJ Karnataka State. The Tungabhadra which has a
DQG HDVWÁRZLQJ ULYHU V\VWHPV 1DQGLGXUJD LQ drainage area of 66,237 sq km is the largest and
the east is another source in which three river WKH PRVW LPSRUWDQW RI WKH .ULVKQD·V WULEXWDULHV
systems have their origin. The rivers of Karnataka Nearly 60 per cent of the area of the State lies in
swell in monsoons and many of them thin out the Krishna basin. The high rainfall zone along
thereafter to a mere trickle. The streams of the the Western Ghats forms the western boundary
PDLGDQDUHJHQHUDOO\GU\EXWÁRZLQÁDVK\ÁRRGV of the Krishna basin for a distance of about 528
occasionally. The rivers of the coastal belt are km. The width of this high rainfall zone, with an
ZHVWÁRZLQJ 7KH 6KDUDYDWL WKH .DOLQDGL WKH annual rainfall from about 300 cm to about 100
Netravati, the Varahi, the Bedti (Gangavali) and cm within the Krishna basin varies from almost
the Aghanashini are the more important rivers QLOWRDPD[LPXPRIDERXWNP$WWKHHDVWRI
all of which have considerable hydro-electric the Western Ghats the annual rainfall decreases
potential. They rise in the west of the Ghats and rapidly until it is less than 60 cm.
ÁRZLQWRWKH$UDELDQVHD,WLVDQDUHDRIIRUHVWV
The Krishna : The river Krishna rises in the
and hills with a rugged topography, characterised
Western Ghats, at an altitude of 1,336.5 m just
by deep ravines and steep hills rising to heights
north of Mahabaleshwar, about 64 km from the
of 1,250 to 1,890 m which are the source of all
$UDELDQ6HDDQGÁRZVDFURVVWKHZKROHZLGWKRI
WKHHDVWDQGZHVWÁRZLQJULYHUVRIWKH6WDWH7KH
the peninsula, from west to east, for a length of
northern maidan, drained by the Krishna, the
about 1,400 km through Maharashtra, Karnataka
Ghataprabha, the Malaprabha, the Bhima and
and Andhra Pradesh. About 136 km from its
WKH 7XQJDEKDGUD ULYHUV LV DQ H[WHQVLYH SODWHDX
source, the Krishna receives the waters of the river
with an average elevation of 610 m above mean
Koyna from the western side of the Mahabaleshwar
sea level. The Krishna is the economic life-blood
Hills. Lower down, the Yerla falls into the Krishna
of the northern maidan. The southern maidan has
from the left and then the Verna, the Panchganga
a rolling topography, drained by the Cauvery, the
and the Dudhganga from the right, the last three
Tungabhadra, the North Pennar, the Palar and
draining about 144 km length of the Western
WKH6RXWK3HQQDURIZKLFKWKHÀUVWWZRULVHLQWKH
*KDWV-XVWQHDULWVFRQÁXHQFHZLWK'XGKJDQJD
Western Ghats while the rest rise in Nandidurga
and 299 km from its source, the Krishna enters
KLOO UDQJHV LQ .RODU GLVWULFW $OO WKHVH ULYHUV ÁRZ
Karnataka. At this point the river has come down
eastward into the Bay of Bengal.
to an altitude of about 533 m and has emerged
Krishna Basin from the heavy rainfall zone along and near the
The river Krishna is an Inter-State river in Western Ghats. After entering Karnataka, there is
Southern India. It is the second largest river in QRPDMRUFRQWULEXWLRQWRULYHUÁRZIRUQHDUO\
Peninsular India, rises in the Western Ghats at km until the Krishna receives from its right, the
an altitude of 1337 m. near Mahabaleshwar in waters of the river Ghataprabha and 35 km lower
0DKDUDVKWUD 6WDWH ,W ÁRZV DFURVV WKH ZKROH down the waters of the river Malaprabha, both of
width of the peninsula, from west to east, for a which rise in the Western Ghats.
length of about 1400 km, through Maharashtra,
A short distance below the junction of the
Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. The Krishna
Malaprabha, the Krishna drops from the tableland
%DVLQ H[WHQGLQJ RYHU VT NP LV VSUHDG
of the Deccan proper, about 122 m down, to the
over three states viz., Maharashtra ( 69,425 sq km),
alluvial lands of Raichur. The Chaya Bhagavati
Karnataka (1,13,271 sq km)and Andhra Pradesh
Falls in this reach is picturesque. Before the river
(76,252). About 43.74 per cent of the basin area
enters Andhra Pradesh, at an altitude of about 27
lies in Karnataka, 26.81 per cent in Maharashtra
343 m, it receives from its left at 782 km from at an elevation of about 513.6 m and is well out
its source, the waters of the river Bhima which of the heavy rainfall zone along near the Western
brings down the drainage of Ahmadnagar, Pune, Ghats. Lower down, it is joined on its right bank
HAND BOOK OF
Sholapur and Kalaburagi. The Tungabhadra by the Nira, which also rises in the Western
KARNATAKA
River falls into the Krishna about 128 km further Ghats, and then by the Man. For a length of 83
down, near Kurnool. Both the Bhima and the km, the Bhima runs along the boundary between
Tungabhadra drain large areas of the Western Maharashtra and Karnataka. In this reach it
Ghats and each is a major river in its own right. receives the waters of the Sinal which rises near
Ahmednagar. For the last 298 km of its course,
The Ghataprabha: The river Ghataprabha
WKH%KLPDÁRZVLQ.DUQDWDND1RPDMRUWULEXWDU\
rises in the Western Ghats at an altitude of 884
ÁRZV LQWR WKH %KLPD LQ WKLV UHDFK 7KH %KLPD
P DQG ÁRZV HDVWZDUGV IRU D OHQJWK RI NP
has a drainage area of 70,614 sq km out of which
before joining the Krishna about 35 km north-
18,315 sq km lies in Karnataka.
east of Kaladgi, at an elevation of 500 m. The river
ÁRZVIRUDERXW NPLQ5DWQDJLULDQG.ROKDSXU The Tungabhadra: The Tungabhadra, an
districts of Maharashtra before entering Belagavi important tributary of the Krishna, is formed
district of Karnataka. Two of its tributaries, the north of Shivamogga, at an elevation of about 610
Hiranyakeshi and the Markandeya, also rise in m by the union of the twin rivers, the Tunga and
WKH:HVWHUQ*KDWVDQGÁRZWKURXJK0DKDUDVKWUD the Bhadra, which rise together in the Western
and Karnataka. The river debouches by 53 metres Ghats at Gangamula at an elevation of about
at Gokak Falls (10 km from Gokak), a beauty spot P WKH XQLWHG ULYHU 7XQJDEKDGUD ÁRZV
of Belagavi district. The total catchment area of for nearly 531 km in a general north-easterly
the river and its tributaries is 8,829 sq km in direction, through Karnataka and Andhra
Maharashtra and Karnataka. Pradesh and joins Krishna, beyond Kurnool, at an
elevation of about 264 m. Among the tributaries
The Malaprabha: The river Malaprabha rises
of the Tungabhadra may be mentioned the Varada
in the Western Ghats, at an altitude of 792.4
river which drains a large area of the western
m, 16 km west of Jamboti in Belagavi district
Ghats and falls into the Tunga, at an elevation
RI .DUQDWDND 7KH ULYHU ÁRZV ÀUVW LQ DQ HDVWHUO\
of about 160 km. Another important tributary is
and then in north easterly direction and joins the
the Hagari, called the Vedavati in its upper reach
Krishna at Kudalasangama at an elevation of about
joining the Tungabhadra about 168 km above its
488 m, about 304 km from its source. The reach
junction with the Krishna. The Tungabhadra has
near Saundatti is through a deep gorge known as
a drainage area of 71,417 sq km out of which the
Navil Teertha or the Peacockgorge which is across
catchment area in the State is 57,671 sq km and
colourful sandstone. Its principal tributaries are
like the Bhima, drains about 206 km length of the
the Bennihalla, the Hirehalla and the Tas Nadi,
Western Ghats.
all drain an area of relatively low rainfall. The
total catchment area of the Malaprabha and its The Vedavati: The river Vedavati known as the
tributaries is 11,549 sq km wholly in Karnataka. Hagari in lower reaches rises near Mullaiyyanagiri
Its principal source of supply is, however, only LQ WKH :HVWHUQ *KDWV ,W ÁRZV LQ WKH GLVWULFWV RI
about 32 km length of the Western Ghats and a Chikkamagaluru, Chitradurga and Ballari of
small area east of it, drained by the Malaprabha Karnataka and Anantapur district of Andhra
itself. Pradesh covering a total catchment area of 23,498
sq km. It has a total length of 391 km and of
The Bhima: The river Bhima rises in the
which the length in the State is 293 km and forms
Western Ghats, at an altitude of about 945 m and
the common boundary between Karnataka and
ÁRZVVRXWKHDVWZDUGVWKURXJK0DKDUDVKWUDDQG
Andhra Pradesh for 26 km.
Karnataka. It has a total length of 861 km and falls
into the Krishna about 26 km north of Raichur Cauvery Basin
at an altitude of about 343 m. About 136 km at 7KH &DXYHU\ EDVLQ H[WHQGLQJ RYHU VT
the source, the Bhima receives, from its right the km is spread over three States viz., Karnataka,
combined waters of the Mula and the Mutha from Kerala and Tamilnadu. A basin area of 42.2 per
Pune and, about 29 km lower the Ghod joins the cent lies in Karnataka, 3.5 per cent in Kerala and
28
%KLPDIURPWKHOHIW$WWKLVSRLQWWKH%KLPDÁRZV 54.3 per cent in Tamilnadu. The river Cauvery has
its origin in the Western Ghats in Kodagu district. The Chunchanakatte Falls (about 20 m) is 60
Before it empties itself into the Bay of Bengal, it km upstream of the Krishna- rajasagara Dam. At
ÁRZV IRU D OHQJWK RI NP WKURXJK WKH 6WDWHV Shivasamudram, the river branches into two and
INTRODUCTION
of Karnataka and Tamilnadu. The river forms the each branch has a fall of more than 100 metres
boundary between these States for a length of 64 -the western fall is known as Gaganachukki and
km. Of its total length, 320 km lies in Karnataka the eastern fall as Bharachukki. The two branches
State. Its major tributaries in Karnataka are the then meet to pass through the Mekedatu gorge
Hemavati, the Lakshmanathirtha, the Harangi, before the river forms the common boundary
the Kabini, the Suvarnavati, the Lokapavani, between Karnataka and Tamilnadu. In this reach
the Shimsha and the Arkavati. The area of the are the Hogenakal Falls (about 25 m) 60 km above
basin in Karnataka State is 34,273 sq km and the Mettur Dam.
LWVDYHUDJHDQQXDOÁRZVDUH0FXP7KH
The Hemavati : The Hemavati is one of the
major contributions coming are from catchment
chief tributaries of the Cauvery. It rim on the
areas in the districts of Kodagu, Chikkamagaluru
Western Ghats at an elevation of 1,219 metres
and Hassan.
and runs south-east. After it is joined by some
The Cauvery: The Cauvery is famous alike for its streams from the west, it turns east. Receiving
traditional sanctity, its picturesque scenery and the Yagachi from the north, it then winds round
its utility for irrigation. It is known as Dakshina to Holenarasipur and runs south to the Cauvery
Ganga or the “Ganges of the South” and the whole near Krishnarajanagar. The catchment area is
of its course is holy ground. The river rises in DERXWVTNP7KHDSSUR[LPDWHOHQJWKRIWKH
the Kodagu district of Karnataka, high up amid river is 245 km.
WKH:HVWHUQ*KDWV,WÁRZVLQDJHQHUDOO\VRXWK
The Kabini: The Kabini, a tributary of the
east direction across the plateau of Karnataka
Cauvery, rises in the Western Ghats at an elevation
DQGÀQDOO\SRXUVLWVHOILQWRWKH%D\RI%HQJDOLQ
of 2,140 m in North Wynaad, as two streams, the
Tamilnadu. The course of the Cauvery in Kodagu
Manantoddypuzha and the Panamrampuzha.
is tortuous; its bed is rocky; its banks are high
$ERXW NP EHORZ WKHLU FRQÁXHQFH WKH .DELQL
DQGFRYHUHGZLWKOX[XULDQWYHJHWDWLRQ,QWKHGU\
forms the border between Kerala and Karnataka
season, it is fordable almost anywhere, but during
for nearly 12 km before entering the latter State.
the rains it swells into a torrent 6 or 9 m deep.
It turns east at 8 km above Kakanakote from
%HIRUH LWV FRQÁXHQFH ZLWK WKH .DELQL D PDMRU
where it receives the Nugu and at Nanjangud, the
tributary also rising in the Western Ghats, the
Gundal, both from the south. It joins the Cauvery
Cauvery widens to an average breadth of from
DW 7LUXPDNXGDO 1DUDVLSXU WKH FRQÁXHQFH EHLQJ
300 to 400 m. From this point it swells to a much
esteemed a spot of great sanctity. The Kabini is
broader stream. Its bed continues rocky.
DÀQHSHUHQQLDOULYHUPWRPZLGHDQG
There are a number of falls in the bed of the has a total course of about 230 km. Its catchment
river and it forms three well-known islands- area is about 7,040 sq km.
Srirangapatna, Shivasamudram and Srirangam.
The Arkavati : The Arkavati in the Nandidurga
7KHÀUVWWZRDUHLQ.DUQDWDNDWKHWKLUGDWWKHKHDG
hills is at an elevation of 1,480 m and joins the
of the delta near Tiruchirapally. Shivasamudram
Cauvery after traversing 161 km. On it is built the
LV IDPRXV DV WKH VLWH RI WKH ÀUVW PDMRU K\GUR
Chamarajasagar reservoir for water supply to a
electric project constructed in Asia (1902). Not far
part of Bengaluru City. It has got a drainage area
from Srirangapatna, and up-stream of it, is the
of 4,351 sq km. The annual rainfall varies from
Kannambadi or Krishnarajasagara Dam (built
70 cm in the upper reaches to 80 cm in the lower
in 1931) with the beautiful Brindavan gardens.
reaches.
From about 50 km below the power house at
Shivasamudram, the Cauvery river forms the The Shimsha : The Shimsha rises in Tiptur
boundary between Karnataka and Tamilnadu taluk of Tumakuru district at an elevation of
for 64 km at the end of which the Cauvery 914m. This is a tributary of the Cauvery joining
enters Tamilnadu at the upstream of the Mettur on its left after traversing for 215 km. Its drainage
reservoir. Three important falls along the course area is about 8,470 sq km, The western half of the
of the river are the Chunchanakatte Falls, the sub-basin receives an annual rainfall of less than 29
Shivasamudram Falls and the Hogenakal Falls. 70 cm, while the eastern half gets 70 to 80 cm.
Before joining the Cauvery, the Shimsha makes a The Uttara Pinakini : An inter-State river,
descent of 94 m known as the Shimsha Falls. WKH 8WWDUD 3LQDNLQL ÁRZLQJ LQ .DUQDWDND DQG
Andhra Pradesh rises in the Chennakesha hills
The Moyar: The Moyar river forms the common
HAND BOOK OF
of the Nandidurga range in Karnataka. It is
KARNATAKA
boundary between Karnataka and Tamilnadu in
NQRZQ DV ¶3HQQDU· LQ LWV ORZHU UHDFKHV DQG LV
Mysuru and Nilgiri districts respectively. It joins
the fourth largest river of the Peninsula and
the Bhavani in Tamilnadu.
QH[W WR WKH &DXYHU\ )ORZLQJ WKURXJK WKH .RODU
The Palar: The Palar river, a tributary to the Chikkaballapura and Tumakuru districts for a
Cauvery, forms the common boundary between distance of 48 km it enters Andhra Pradesh in
Karnataka and Tamilnadu in Mysuru district and Hindupur taluk of Anantapur district. After
Coimbatore district respectively. ÁRZLQJ IRU NP WKURXJK WKH +LQGXSXU DQG
Penukonda taluks of Anantapur district the
Godavari Basin
river re-enters Karnataka and cuts across
A major part of the Bidar district lies in the basin
the Pavagada taluk of Tumakuru district for a
of the Manjra, a tributary of the Godavari, Its
distance of 13 km to emerge into Kalyanadurga
catchment area in Karnataka State, i.e 4,405 sq
taluk of Anantapur district in Andhra Pradesh.
km. Like Krishna basin, the Godavari also receives
The total length of the river from its source to
high rainfall in the Western Ghats. But only a
the Bay of Bengal is 597 km out of which 61
small part of Godavari basin lies in Karnataka in
km are in Karnataka. The principal tributaries
Bidar district, in Manjra river sub-basin.
of the river in Karnataka are the Jayamangali in
The Manjra: The river Manjra is one of the Tumakuru district, the Chitravati and Papaghni
major tributaries of the Godavari river. It rises in Chikkaballapur District. Out of the total
from Balaghat range of hills in Bhir district of drainage area of 55,213 sq km it drains 6,937 sq
Maharashtra State at an altitude of 823 m. The km in Karnataka.
ULYHU ÁRZV WKURXJK WKH 2VPDQDEDG GLVWULFW RI
The Dakshina Pinakini : Another inter-
Maharashtra, the Bidar district of Karnataka,
6WDWH ULYHU WKH 'DNVKLQD 3LQDNLQL ÁRZLQJ LQ
Medak and Nizamabad districts of Telangana. The
Karnataka and Tamilnadu and Union Territory of
OHQJWK RI WKH ULYHU IURP VRXUFH WR LWV FRQÁXHQFH
Pondicherry, rises near Harvashettyhalli village in
with the Godavari, at an altitude of 323 m is
Chikkaballapur district at an elevation of about
about 723 km of which 155 km lies in the Bidar
900 m in the hill ranges of Nandidurga. After
district of Karnataka. The Manjra river has a total
ÁRZLQJIRUDGLVWDQFHRI NPLQ&KLNNDEDOODSXU
catchment of 30,464 sq km in which 4,405 sq km
and Bengaluru districts it enters Tamil nadu
lies in Karnataka.
ZKHUHLWLVNQRZQDV¶3RQQDL\DU·,WMRLQVWKH%D\
The Karanja : The Karanja river is one of the of Bengal near Cuddalore in Tamilnadu.
SULQFLSDO WULEXWDULHV RI WKH 0DQMUD ÁRZLQJ LQ
The Palar: Flowing in Karnataka, Andhra
Bidar district of Karnataka State, It rises near
Pradesh and Tamilnadu, the Palar rises beyond
Khir village in Medak district of Telangana at an
Talagvara village in Chikkaballapur district at an
DOWLWXGHRIDERXWP$IWHUÁRZLQJLQ$QGKUD
elevation of 900 m in the hill ranges of Nandidurga.
Pradesh, it forms the boundary between Telangana
$IWHUÁRZLQJLQDJHQHUDOO\VRXWKHDVWHUO\GLUHFWLRQ
DQG .DUQDWDND IRU QHDUO\ NP ,W ÁRZV LQ
for a length of 93 km in Chikkaballapur and Kolar
Karnataka and joins Manjra at Naradasangam. It
districts, it enters Andhra Pradesh and joins the
has a drainage area of about 2,839 sq km. The
Bay of Bengal in Cuddalore Tamilnadu.
length of the river in Karnataka is 74 km, out of a
WRWDORINPIURPLWVVRXUFHWRFRQÁXHQFHZLWK West-Flowing Rivers
the river Manjra. 7KHUH DUH QXPHURXV ZHVWÁRZLQJ ULYHUV FKLHI
among which are Sharavati, the Kali, the Gangavali
Pennar and Palar Basins: The North Pennar,
(Bedti), the Aghanashini and the Netravati which
the South Pennar and the Palar rivers drain about
rise on the western side of the Ghats and drain
RQHÀIWKRI7XPDNXUXGLVWULFWQHDUO\RQHWKLUGRI
into the Arabian Sea through the districts of
Bengaluru district and the whole of Kolar district.
Uttara Kannada and Dakshina Kannada. A small
The aggregate basin area of all these rivers in the
part of the catchment area of these rivers however
30 State is 13,610 sq km and their average annual
lies in Dharwad, Shivamogga, Chikkamagaluru,
ÁRZLV 0FXP.
Hassan, Belagavi and Kodagu districts also. The The Mahadayi : The Mahadayi river takes its
WRWDO FDWFKPHQW DUHD RI DOO ZHVWÁRZLQJ ULYHUV LV origin near Degaon village in Khanapur taluk of
VT NP DQG WKHLU DYHUDJH DQQXDO ÁRZ LV %HODJDYL GLVWULFW ,W LV DQ LQWHUDWDWH ULYHU ÁRZLQJ
INTRODUCTION
57,000 M cum. The basin of these rivers comes in Karnataka and Goa. The length of the river in
XQGHU WKH GLUHFW LQÁXHQFH RI WKH VRXWKZHVW Karnataka is 35 km and in Goa 45 km. The total
monsoon and receives heavy and assured rainfall catchment area of the river is 2,008 sq km; 455 sq
between June and August. km in Karnataka and 1,553 sq km in Goa. It joins
the Arabian Sea near Panjim in Goa where the
The Netravati: The Netravati is the biggest river
river is known as the Mandavi.
in the Dakshina Kannada district with a total
length of 96km and catchment area of 3,355 sq km. The Aghanashini : The river Aghanashini
It takes its birth near Same in Charmadi range of (meaning destroyer of sins) originates in Sirsi
hills legendarily known as Varaha Parvata and is taluk of Uttara Kannada district at an elevation
supposed to have originated from the Netra or eyes RI P DERYH PHDQ VHD OHYHO ,W ÁRZV HQWLUHO\
of Varaha, an avatara of Lord Vishnu, The main in Karnataka State for a length of 121 km before
tributaries of the Netravati are the Neriyahole, joining the Arabian Sea. The catchment area is
the Kumaradhara, the Belthangadihole and 1,470 sq km.
the Shishilahole. It joins the Arabian Sea in the
The Varahi : The Varahi river known as the
vicinity of Mangaluru.
Halady river in lower reaches takes its origin near
The Kali : 7KH.DOLDPDMRUZHVWÁRZLQJULYHU Guddekoppa in Hosanagar taluk of Shivamogga
takes origin in the Western Ghats in Uttara district at an altitude of 762 m above the mean
Kannada district, with a catchment area of 4,841 sea level. The bed level of the river drops suddenly
sq km. It joins the Arabian Sea at Karwar after in cascades by 457 m in a short distance and
covering a total length of 184 km. As the river is known as Kunchical Falls. The river joins the
ÁRZV WKURXJK EODFN URFNV WKH ULYHU DSSHDUV Arabian Sea near Kundapur in Dakshina Kannada
black and the name of Kali (Black) is derived. The District.
major tributaries of this river are the Pandari,
The Barapole: The Barapole, an inter-State
the Tattihala, the Kaneri and the Vaki. A gigantic
ULYHUÁRZLQJLQ.DUQDWDNDDQG.HUDODRULJLQDWHV
K\GURHOHFWULF FRPSOH[ LV XQGHU FRQVWUXFWLRQ RQ
in the Western Ghats in Kodagu district. The name
the river Kali and its tributaries.
Barapole is derived from the word bara which
The Sharavati : The river Sharavati takes its PHDQVVWHHSDQGSROHPHDQVULYHU7KLVULYHUÁRZV
origin in the Western Ghats near Ambutirtha in in the deep valleys forming either side very steep
Tirthahalli taluk of Shivamogga district. This is almost vertical precipice. The total length of the
supposed to have originated by the hitting of Lord river is about 105 km and of which about 31 km is
6UL 5DPD·V VKDUD PHDQLQJ DUURZ ,WV OHQJWK LV in Karnataka, 64 in Kerala, the remaining length
about 128 km and has a drainage area of 2,771 sq of 10 km forming the common boundary. The
km. The river drops to a vertical fall of about 253 catchment area of the river is 1,905 sq km (608
m near Jog which is world famous. The Sharavati sq km in Karnataka and 1,297 sq km in Kerala).
Hydro-Electric Project has the major contribution
The Chakra: 7KH :HVWÁRZLQJ &KDNUD ULYHU
in the power generated in Karnataka. It joins the
passes through Dakshina Kannada district and
Arabian sea at Honavar in Uttara Kannada.
discharges into the Arabian Sea near Kundapur.
The Bedti : The river Bedti known as Gangavali The length of the river is 72 km. The waters of
in its lower reaches, takes its origin in the range of this river are being diverted to Sharavathy Valley
hills round about Dharwad-Hubli at an elevation IRU DXJPHQWLQJ WKH LQÁRZ LQWR /LQJDQD PDNNL
of 700 m above the mean sea-level. The river reservoir.
has a length of about 161 km and a drainage
Ground Water Resources: Traditionally,
area of 4,446 sq km. It joins the Arabian Sea
JURXQGZDWHU LQ WKH 6WDWH KDV EHHQ H[SORLWHG E\
near Gangavali Village in Ankola taluk of Uttara
open dug wells, constructed in the weathered
Kannada district. The river drops with a clear fall
mantle. After fast drilling rigs became available,
of 137 m near Magod, popularly known as Magod
ERUHZHOOV KDYH EHHQ GULOOHG H[WHQVLYHO\ WDSSLQJ
Falls at a distance of about 72 km from the source. 31
WKH ZDWHU VWRUHG LQ URFN ÀVVXUHV DQG IUDFWXUHV
7KH ZDWHU VWRUHG LQ WKH IUDFWXUHV DQG ÀVVXUHV inter-annual, decadal, centennial, etc. Therefore,
XOWLPDWHO\FRPHVIURPUDLQIDOOLQÀOWUDWLQJWKURXJK it is essential to assess these parameters regularly
the weathered mantle. The ground water in the to benchmark the variation. Processes such as
HAND BOOK OF
ZHDWKHUHG PDQWOH ÁRZV LQ WKH GLUHFWLRQ RI WKH global warming and climate change are projected
KARNATAKA
slope of the underlying fresh rock. Groundwater WR LQFUHDVH WKH QXPEHU RI H[WUHPH HYHQWV RI
tends to accumulate in the valley areas. If the rate temperature and rainfall (IPCC 2012). In this
RI H[WUDFWLRQ H[FHHGV UHFKDUJH JURXQG ZDWHU LV FRQWH[W LW LV HVVHQWLDO WR XQGHUVWDQG WKH SDVW
said to be mined. Mining cannot be sustained for trends in climate variability in Karnataka, so
long as it empties the ground water store. as to develop suitable adaptation strategies in
vulnerable areas. The data on climate variability
$ERXW SHU FHQW RI ,QGLD·V JURXQG ZDWHU
with respect to temperature, rainfall and
resources (2.7 lakh mcum) lies in Karnataka. The
relative humidity in Karnataka during the years,
total annual recharge of ground water estimated
2010-2015 recorded by the Indian Meteorological
in the State is about 17,99,591 hectare metres
Department are analyzed.
(ham). Net annual utilization is estimated at
5,76,921 ham as on 31-3-1991. The State enjoys three main types of climates.
For meteorological purposes, the State has been
In the Malnad region, the annual recharge is
divided into three sub-divisions namely (a) Coastal
estimated to be 10 per cent of the annual rainfall.
Karnataka (Dakshina Kannada, Udupi and Uttara
In the region where the rainfall is less than 700
Kannada districts), (b) North Interior Karnataka
mm, the evapotranspiration is also high, and the
(Belagavi, Bidar, Vijayapura, Bagalkot, Dharwad,
re-charge is less than 5 per cent, for the rest of the
Gadag, Haveri, Kalaburagi, Yadgir, Raichur
State, the recharge is estimated to be between 5
and Koppal districts), and (c) South Interior
per cent and 10 per cent.
Karnataka (the remaining districts of Bengaluru
As per Minor Irrigation Census 1986-87, there Rural, Bengaluru, Ballari, Chikkamagaluru,
were more than 3.5 lakh open dug wells in the Chitradurga, Davanagere, Kodagu, Hassan, Kolar,
State. The depth to water level in these wells from Mysuru, Chamarajanagar, Mandya, Shivamogga
the surface ranges between 2 and 3.5 metres in and Tumakuru districts. The Tropical Monsoon
valley regions and in some places the depth goes climate covers the entire coastal belt and
even upto 18 metres. A large majority of the wells adjoining areas. The climate in this region is hot
dry up in summer. Nearly half of the open wells ZLWKH[FHVVLYHUDLQIDOOGXULQJWKHPRQVRRQVHDVRQ
are in a poor state of maintenance. i.e, June to September. The Southern half of the
6WDWH H[SHULHQFHV KRW VHDVRQDOO\ dry tropical
There were 38,899 shallow and 6,673 deep
savana climate while most of the northern half
tube wells as per the above Census. During
H[SHULHQFHVKRWVHPLDULGWURSLFDOVWHSSHW\SHRI
recent years, borewells are increasingly coming
climate.
into prominence. These are generally 150 mm
in diameter and drilled to depth ranging from The climate of the State varies with the seasons.
30 to 60 metres. The average yield ranges from The winter season from January to February is
60 to 80 litres per minute. In Kolar, Bagalkot followed by summer season from March to May.
and Vijayapura districts, nearly all the available The period from October to December forms the
VXUSOXVJURXQGZDWHUKDVEHHQH[SORLWHG'XULQJ post-monsoon season. The period from October
1993-94, there were 1,64,728 borewells, 4,70,981 to March, covering the post-monsoon and winter
wells used for irrigation purpose, 3,03,698 wells seasons, is generally pleasant over the entire
used for domestic purpose and 74,730 wells were 6WDWHH[FHSWGXULQJDIHZVSHOOVRIUDLQDVVRFLDWHG
not in use. with north-east monsoon which affects the south-
eastern parts of the State during October to
CLIMATE
December.
&OLPDWHYDULDELOLW\LVGHÀQHGDVWKHYDULDWLRQVLQ
the mean state of the climate on all temporal and The months April and May are hot, very dry
spatial scales beyond that of individual weather and generally uncomfortable. Weather tends to be
events. The climatic parameters such as rainfall, oppressive during June due to high humidity and
temperature and relative humidity are subjected WHPSHUDWXUH7KHQH[WWKUHHPRQWKV -XO\$XJXVW
32
to variability on all time scales: intra- seasonal, and September) are somewhat comfortable due to
reduced day temperature although the humidity Kannada and Shivamogga. Moderate rainfall was
continue to be very high. seen in Chamarajanagar and Hassan districts.
The remaining districts recorded less rainfall
Rainfall
INTRODUCTION
(KSNDMC, 2010-15).
Information on spatial and temporal variations
in rainfall plays an important role in under- The annual rainfall in the State varies roughly
standing the hydrological balance on a global/ from 50 to 350 cm. In the districts of Vijayapura,
regional scale. The distribution of precipitation Bagalkot, Raichur, Koppal, Ballari, Yadgir and
is also important for water management in southern half of Kalaburagi, the rainfall is lowest
agriculture, power generation and drought- varying from 50 to 60 cm. The rainfall increases
monitoring. The climatologically heaviest rainfall VLJQLÀFDQWO\LQWKHZHVWHUQSDUWRIWKH6WDWHDQG
is seen over coastal Karnataka districts (Dakshina UHDFKHV LWV PD[LPXP RYHU WKH FRDVWDO EHOW 7KH
Kannada, Udupi, Uttara Kannada) and parts south west monsoon is the principal rainy season
of South Interior Karnataka districts (Kodagu, during which the State receives 80 per cent of its
Hassan and Shivamogga). Most of South Interior rainfall. Rainfall in the winter season (January to
DQG1RUWK,QWHULRU.DUQDWDNDGLVWULFWVH[SHULHQFH February) is less than one per cent of the annual
lowest seasonal mean rainfall. The annual average total, in the hot weather season (March to May)
rainfall for all the districts of Karnataka for the about 7 per cent and in the post-monsoon season
years 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015 about 12 per cent. South-west monsoon normally
were 1500.0 mm, 1375.0 mm, 1094.0 mm, 1409.0 VHWVLQRYHUWKHH[WUHPHVRXWKHUQSDUWVRIWKH6WDWH
mm, 1414.0 mm and 1160.0 mm respectively, by about 1st June and covers the entire State by
with the highest annual average being recorded about 10th of June. The rainy months July and
in the year 2014. In 2010, Dakshina Kannada August account individually to about 30 per
received the highest rainfall of 1515.4 mm (July). cent and 18 per cent of annual rainfall. There are
In the year 2011, the overall actual average rainfall about 26 rainy days (with daily rainfall of atleast
from June to September was 811 mm as against 2.5 mm) in Coastal Karnataka and 8 to 11 days in
a normal rainfall of 820 mm. In the year 2012-13, interior Karnataka in each of these months. The
cumulative rainfall during June to September was withdrawal of the southwest monsoon begins from
PPDVDJDLQVWDQRUPDORIPP GHÀFLWE\ the northern parts of the State around 2nd week
DQGLWZDVGHÀFLWLQDOOGLVWULFWVH[FHSW.RODU of October and by the 15th October monsoon
Bidar, Shivamogga, Hassan, Chikkamagaluru, withdraws from the entire State. The retreating
Dakshina Kannada and Uttara Kannada districts. monsoon current i.e. the north-east monsoon
Cumulative rainfall from June to September (October to December) effects the eastern parts of
2013 was 934 mm as against a normal of 835 South Interior Karnataka and accounts for about
mm. From 2011 up to 2014, Udupi recorded the 30 per cent of rainfall in this region during the
highest rainfall between 1318.0 mm-1422.0 above period. Out of the 14 heavy rainfall stations
mm. The lowest rainfall of 0.1 mm was recorded in India, with annual rainfall of more than 500
in Bagalkot, Tumakuru and Mysuru districts in cm., four stations are located in Karnataka.
the year 2010 (IMD, 2010-15). They are Agumbe in Tirthahalli taluk of
During the years 2011 and 2014, Bengaluru Shivamogga district (annual rainfall-828cm) and
Rural, Bidar, Uttara Kannada, Belagavi, Bhagamandala (603 cm), Pullingoth (594 cm)
Bagalkot, Raichur, Koppal, Gadag, Ballari, and Makut (505 cm) in Kodagu district. Agumbe
Haveri, Davanagere, Shivamogga, Chitradurga, can be called as the Chirapunji of Southern India
Hassan, Kolar, Chikkamagaluru and Dharwad (Source: Drought Monitoring Cell, Department
districts recorded the lowest rainfall of 1.0 mm. of Science and Technology, Bengaluru.)
As 2015 was one of the hottest years in the
Temperature: The annual average temperature
decade, there was decline in rainfall observed
of all the districts of Karnataka in the years
in most of the districts of Karnataka and for the
2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015 was
summer month of May, highest rainfall of only
26.12°C, 25.53°C, 26.03°C, 25.90°C, 25.58°C,
6.0 mm was recorded in Hassan district. Udupi
and 26.44°C respectively, with the highest
GLVWULFW ZDV IRXQG WR KDYH PD[LPXP UDLQIDOO
temperature recorded in the year 2015. In the year
followed by Dakshina Kannada, Kodagu, Uttara 33
2010, Bidar recorded the highest temperature of
58°C in the month of November, followed by 45°C KLJKHVW UHFRUGHG KXPLGLW\ GXULQJ WKH VL[ \HDUV
in Mandya (July). Districts such as Bengaluru, SHULRG ZDV H[SHULHQFHG LQ LQ
Chitradurga, Bidar, Belagavi, Uttara Kannada, Kodagu district (99.3%). In the years, 2014 and
HAND BOOK OF
Chamarajanagar, Mysuru, Hassan, Chikmagalur,
KARNATAKA
2015, the highest recorded relative humidity was
Tumakuru, Shivamogga, Davangere, Haveri, 91.4% in Kodagu and 86.36% in Udupi district
Dharwad, Ballari, Gadag, Koppal, Raichur and (IMD, 2010-15).
Bagalkot recorded as low as 10°C. In 2011,
Future climate projections for Karnataka
the highest recorded temperature was 45°C
Climate change poses a severe environmental
in Kalaburagi, Raichur, Gadag and Ballari.
and socio-economic risk and its disastrous effects
During 2012, the highest temperature of 51°C
are already apparent. India, a rapidly developing
was recorded at Raichur, followed by 45°C at
economy is projected to be impacted severely and
Kalaburagi, Gadag and Udupi. Dharwad, Haveri
WKHLPSDFWVDUHOLNHO\WREHPXFKH[DFHUEDWHGGXH
and Uttara Kannada recorded the highest to non-climatic factors such as poverty, illiteracy,
temperature of 49.5°C in the year 2013. In the lack of health facilities and high dependency on
years, 2014 and 2015, Chikkamagalur, Hassan, natural resources.
Bidar, Ballari and Kalaburagi recorded 44°C as
the highest. In the year 2014, the lowest recorded Climate change projections for any geographic
region are obtained from global circulation models
temperature was 6.1°C and 6.4°C in Kalaburagi
(GCMs) and regional climate models (RCMs).
and Vijayapura respectively. In 2015, the lowest
Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs)
recorded temperature was 4°C at Kalaburagi,
are four greenhouse gas concentration trajectories
Gadag, Belagavi, Bidar and Vijayapura (IMD,
DGRSWHG E\ WKH ,3&& IRU LWV ÀIWK $VVHVVPHQW
2010-15). Based on the district-wise annual
Report in 2014 (Moss et al., 2008). The pathways
temperature for the years 2010-15 (Figure 3), are used for climate modeling and research. The
Dakshina Kannada recorded the highest annual RCPs describe four possible climate futures, all of
temperature in the year 2014 followed by Ballari which are considered possible depending on how
in the year 2015. As per the data, the year much greenhouse gases are emitted in the years
2015 was the hottest with most of the districts to come. The four RCPs - RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6,
showing very high temperature (KSNDMC, 2010- and RCP8.5, are named after a possible range of
15). Udupi and Dakshina Kannada districts radiative forcing values in the year 2100 relative
are seen to have annual average temperature to pre-industrial values [+2.6, +4.5, +6.0, and
between 27.26°C-29.14°C indicating that they +8.5 W/m2, respectively (Weyant et al., 2009)].
had relatively higher temperature recorded The CO2 equivalent concentrations for the four
during 2010-15 as compared to other districts of scenarios are: RCP 2.6 –490 ppm, RCP 4.5 – 630
Karnataka. ppm, RCP 6.0 – 800 ppm and RCP 8.5–1313 ppm.
Chaturvedi et al. (2012) projected temperature
Relative Humidity and rainfall scenarios over India using the newly
Humidity is a measure of the amount of developed representative concentration pathways
moisture in the air. It has large impact on human (RCPs) at all India level. Ravindranath et al.
and animal health and the health of crops. It H[WHQGHG WKLV VWXG\ IRU .DUQDWDND DQG
affects the ability of both plants and animals to projected the temperature and rainfall over the
cool themselves through evaporation. It is also districts of Karnataka in the short- term (2030s,
important for formation of precipitation. The representing climatology over 2021-2050) and
long-term (2080s, representing climatology over
annual average relative humidity for all districts of
2070-2099). Ravindranath et al. (2013) made the
Karnataka for the years 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013,
SURMHFWLRQV DW D JULGFHOO RI [ UHVROXWLRQ
2014 and 2015 was 69.92%, 70.27%, 67.81%,
using the 21-model ensemble mean for RCP 4.5
69.87%, 69.69% and 64.55% respectively, with
(Moderate emission scenario) and RCP 8.5 (High
the highest annual average humidity recorded
emission scenario). As per the current trend for
in the year 2011. The highest recorded humidity greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), the most likely
for the year 2010 and 2011 was 95.1% and 93% emission scenario for future is RCP scenarios
in Udupi. In 2012, Udupi and Uttara Kannada higher than 2.4. The projected warming in the
34 recorded 92.6% and 92.4% respectively. The
short-term in 2030s is likely to be in the range
of 1.0 to 1.8°C under RCP 4.5 scenario while the The major vegetation types of the state include
increase will be in the range of 1.5 to 3°C for the West coast tropical evergreen forest, West coast
higher emission scenarios (RCP 8.5). Warming in VHPLHYHUJUHHQ IRUHVW 6RXWKHUQ PRLVW PL[HG
INTRODUCTION
the long-term (2080s) is projected to be between 3 GHFLGXRXVIRUHVW6RXWKHUQGU\PL[HGGHFLGXRXV
to 5°C under the higher emission scenario. forest, Dry teak forest, Southern thorn scrub, Dry
deciduous scrub, Moist teak forest, Hardwickia
Inventory of Green House Gas emissions
forest, Nilgiri Subtropical Hill forest, Dry
Since 2004, India has been proactively reporting grasslands, Mangrove scrubs, etc. (FSI, 2015).
*+* LQYHQWRU\ WR 81)&&& )ROORZLQJ ,3&&·V
guidelines, India had prepared a consistent, Karnataka has two distinct physiographic
comparable, comprehensive and transparent regions viz. the “Malnad” or Hilly region comprising
emission inventory in the Second National the Western Ghats and the “Maidan” or the
Communication (2012) submitted to UNFCCC. To plain region comprising the inland plateau of
complement the effort, an attempt was made to varying height. The Western Ghats is one of the
develop the GHG emission inventory for the state biologically richest regions of the world and is
of Karnataka in 2011. Due to lack of available recognized as one of the 34 biodiversity hotspots
consistent data at state level, national level data of the world and also as one of the 18-mega bio-
ZDVXVHGDVSUR[\(YHQDWVXEVHFWRUOHYHOGDWD diversity hotspots of the world (Meyer, 1988). The
were not available for different years making Western Ghats forests are a fragile ecosystem
LW GLIÀFXOW WR GHYHORS DQ HPLVVLRQ LQYHQWRU\ and cover about 60% of forest area of Karnataka.
However, as per the available estimates, 73% of There are about 325 globally threatened species
.DUQDWDND·V*+*HPLVVLRQVDUHSULPDULO\EHFDXVH in the Western Ghats of Karnataka (Prajapati
RI WKH H[WHQVLYH FRQVXPSWLRQ RI IRVVLO IXHO 7KH R.C, 2010). The region is rich in species of birds,
power sector with 35.9% is the single largest EXWWHUÁLHVDPSKLELDQVUHSWLOHVDQGLVKRPHWR
contributor. The total CO2 emissions from this many rare, endangered and threatened species in
sector were around 28.7 million tons for the year the sub-continent. Therefore, the Western Ghats
2009-10. Almost the entire emissions here can be LVUHFRJQL]HGDVWKH¶KRWVSRW·RIQDWXUDOHYROXWLRQ
attributed to coal based generation. The emissions The Western Ghats area of Kodagu, Hassan,
from agriculture and livestock were estimated Chikmagalur, Mangaluru and Udupi districts are
to be 16.2 million tons of CO2- equivalent per considered as hotspots for amphibians. Frogs
year accounting for 20.2%. Methane emissions such as Ansonia ornate are known only from
from enteric fermentation from the livestock the Brahmagiris (Coorg) and Naravi forest of
and rice cultivation are the major sources of Kudremukh National Park (Dakshin Kannada).
contribution from this sector (KSAPCC, 2015). The Kemphole in Hassan district is also a
$VVXPLQJ .DUQDWDND DFFRXQWV IRU RI ,QGLD·V hotspot for amphibians and a large number of
waste emissions, the waste sector was estimated species such as Bufobrevirostris, Ramanella
to emit 2.9 million tons of CO2- equivalent per marmorata, Nanobatrachus kempholeyensis and
\HDU FRQWULEXWLQJ WR WKH VWDWH·V HPLVVLRQV Nyctibatrachus sylvaticus are restricted to this
(KSAPCC, 2015). locality. The major threats to the amphibian
Hotspots of Forest Ecosystem and Bio- diversity of the region include agriculture
diversity H[SDQVLRQDQGVWUHDPLPSRXQGPHQW
The forest ecosystem of Karnataka is very unique Orchids are highly evolved and specialized group
and highly diverse. Different forest ecosystems are of plants, found in the Western Ghats as epiphytes
the result of the interplay of topographic, climatic on tree trunks and also as terrestrial on marshy
DQG HGDSKLF GLIIHUHQFHV LQÁXHQFHG E\ DOWLWXGH soils. Karnataka has 176 species of orchids from
and the distance from the sea. Forests account 49 genera; most of them are endangered and are
for the second largest land use after agriculture brought under the Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972.
and it is a repository of rich biodiversity at the The “Hotspots” of orchids in Western Ghats of
level of gene, species and ecosystem. Karnataka Karnataka include Tadiandamol in Kodagu (61
being one of the rich biodiversity states of India species reported, 6 are endemic), Bababudangiri
LV HQGRZHG ZLWK VRPH RI WKH PRVW PDJQLÀFHQW hills in Chikmagalur (41 species reported, 18 are
forests in the country (Prajapati R.C, 2010). 35
endemic) and Dandeli in Uttara Kannada district
(37 species reported, 23 are endemic).Western IRUHVWV QHHG WR EH LGHQWLÀHG RQ WKH JURXQG
Ghats region remains valuable source of bamboo/ based on their species composition, mapped and
cane and Kodagu region of the Western Ghats conserved as “Heritage Sites”. The Karikallani
area is recognized as hotspot for cane species. Gudda-Katlekan-Malemane forests of Siddapur in
HAND BOOK OF
KARNATAKA
7KH HQGDQJHUHG :URXJKWRQ·V )UHH 7DLOHG %DW Uttara Kannada, with the Dipterocarpus species,
(Otomops wroughtoni) survives in the Barapede Semecarpus kattalekanensis, Myristica fatua and
Cave located between Krishnapur and Talewadi the endangered Lion-tailed Macaque is one such
near Bhimgad wildlife sanctuary- amidst the potential Heritage Site. Similarly, riparian forests
Western Ghats forests in Belagavi district. Other DUH H[WUHPHO\ LPSRUWDQW LQ WHUPV RI ELRGLYHUVLW\
places where the species has been found are in nutrient supply to the river, protection of rivers
Meghalaya and Cambodia. IURPVLOWDWLRQDQGSURSHUÁRZRIVWUHDPVLQWRWKH
river. Therefore, the forests on the banks of all
The Deccan plateau forms the eastern plains
the rivers should be protected from any further
of Karnataka. The eastern plains form two-
development pressures.
thirds of the geographical area of Karnataka
and the total forest area in this region accounts Over the years, the forests of the Western
for only seven per cent of the geographical Ghats had been selectively logged. Large tracts of
area. Some endemic species of the eastern forests were also converted to agricultural land for
plains region include Brachystelma ciliatum, monoculture plantations of tea, coffee, rubber, oil
Brachystelma kolarensis from Kolar district, palm, teak, eucalyptus, building reservoirs, roads
Brachystelma elenaduensis from Tumakuru and railways. Over 20% of the original forest cover
district and Schizachyrium sudhanshuii from remains more or less in pristine condition and
Raichur district. The dry deciduous forests the remaining are subject to varying degrees of
and scrub forests of Devarayana Durga in human pressure like large scale illegal collection
Tumakuru district are rich in medicinal plants, of fuel wood and non-timber forest produce
birds and tree species. Decentralized network of 17)3 JUD]LQJ IRUHVW ÀUHV PDVV WRXULVP DQG
conservation sites for individual species as well other developmental works (Prajapati R.C,
as communities of plants and animals need to 2010). Therefore, in order to protect, preserve
EH LGHQWLÀHG LQ DOO WKH GU\ GLVWULFWV DQG JUDQWHG and conserve forest resources, there is need to
the status of “Heritage Sites”. Development of develop trust and partnership between the forest
¶*XQGXWKRSH·WUHHJHQHWLFGLYHUVLW\FRQVHUYDWLRQ department and the local people through various
site is also one such option in the eastern plains. local level institutions such as village forest
committees (VFC), eco-development committees
The state of Karnataka is passing through
(EDC) and other user groups under the ambit of
one of the most critical periods as far as water
joint forest planning and management (JFPM)
availability is concerned. Forest fragmentation,
model. Involvement of local communities and
diversion of the streams, creation of more
their organizations in the management of forest
monoculture plantations rather than species
and other biodiversity resources is very crucial
rich forests, mining, etc. have resulted in decline
for the establishment of sustainable forest
of the Western Ghats are considered special
management system.
habitats having high water-conservation values
and therefore should be accorded top priority. According to EMPRI 2004, there are two kinds
Karikanamman forest of Honavar taluk, a sacred of hotspots found in the forest ecosystem, one
forest with good growth of Dipterocarpus indicus is hotspots of hope and the other is hotspots of
and Yana forest of Kumta taluk are considered despair. Hotspots of hope are locations in the
important for their watershed and cultural forest ecosystem that are still rich in biodiversity
values as well as their importance as the refuge DQGDUHH[FHOOHQWVLWHVIRUIRFXVLQJRQJRLQJDQG
for the endemic palm Corypha umbraculifera. future conservation efforts, whereas hotspots
Relics of primary forests are still present along of despair are locations that are subjected to
the Karnataka Western Ghats. Such places are H[WHQVLYH GHJUDGDWLRQ DQG DUH WKHUHIRUH LQ QHHG
of immense biodiversity and ecological value. of urgent attention for restoration. Higher rates
7KHVH IRUHVWV GHVSLWH WKHLU GLPLQLVKHG H[WHQW of human population growth have put these eco-
are still important sources of perennial water UHJLRQV DW D ULVN RI H[Winction due to ever-
36
courses. All these relics and their surrounding increasing human interference, fragmentation,
GHIRUHVWDWLRQ DQG H[SDQVLRQ RI DJULFXOWXUDO common. There has been a high level change
lands in the forested landscapes. in land use pattern within CRZ, where the sand
dunes and agriculture lands are being converted
Hotspots of Coastal and Marine Eco-system
INTRODUCTION
LQWR FRPPHUFLDO FRPSOH[HV LQ XUEDQ DUHDV DQG
The Karnataka coast stretches for about 320
residential settlements in semi urban and rural
kilometers bordered by Goa in the north, Kerala
areas. Systematic planning for rehabilitation
in the south, Arabian Sea in the west and a vast
along with strict action on violation of CRZ
picturesque Western Ghats in the east. Coastal
QRWLÀFDWLRQLVQHFHVVDU\WRLPSURYHWKHVLWXDWLRQ
Karnataka comprises three districts: Uttara
Kannada in the north with a 160-kilometre long &RDVWDO HURVLRQ 'XH WR H[SDQGLQJ HFRQRPLF
coastline, Udupi in the center with a coast- line activities along the coast and severe wave action,
stretching over 98 kilometers and Dakshina erosion takes place all along the coast during
Kannada in the south with a 62-kilometer long the monsoon. Developmental activities such as
coastline. This region, also known as Karavali, FRQVWUXFWLRQ RI ÀVK ODQGLQJ MHWWLHV SRUWV DQG
is very dynamic representing varied and highly harbors, etc, also trigger coastal erosion. For
productive ecosystems such as mangroves, H[DPSOHLQ%HODPEDUWKHMHWW\LVFRQVWUXFWHGLQ
coral reefs and sand dunes. This is one of the the center of the beach causing erosion on both
better developed geographical areas of the state
sides. About 60 kilometers of beach (19 per cent
with a high degree of economic development
of the total length of shoreline) is confronted
and density of population. However, in recent
with appreciable or severe erosion. The most
decades, human activities have posed major
affected locations are Gangavali river mouth and
threat to coastal and marine ecosystem and its
areas near Honnavar, Shirali, Kundapur kodi,
biodiversity.
Hangarkatta and Bengre. Erosion/bank collapse
Major environmental issues facing the coastal in the tidal reaches of rivers is also severe and
and marine ecosystem of Karnataka include H[WHQGVDWOHDVWWRDERXWNLORPHWHUV7KLVKDV
occupational pressure (human settlements), been noticed in Manjuguni and Karikodi villages,
non-compliance of the provisions of Coastal Pavinakurve and Mavinakurve islands, Bhatkal
5HJXODWLRQ=RQHQRWLÀFDWLRQXUEDQHIÁXHQWVDQG port area, Kollur and Haladi rivers, Seethanadi
garbage dumping, unplanned mass tourism, near Mabukal and Ullal side of Netravathi river
water pollution, destruction and degradation bank.
of coral reef due to anthropogenic activity,
destruction of mangroves, coastal erosion, erosion Erosion and accretion of shoreline due to port/
and accretion of shoreline due to port/harbor, KDUERU Karnataka Coast, which was a busiest
marine projects like Barge mounted projects, shipping lane on the Arabian Sea, is dotted with
XQVXVWDLQDEOH PDULQH ÀVKHU\ VLOWDWLRQ VKHOO one major port, namely, New Mangaluru Port,
mining, aquaculture, sand mining and indus- and ten minor ports at Karwar, Belekeri, Tadri,
trial pollution of estuary, saline water intrusion Honavar, Bhatkal, Kundapur, Hangarkatta,
into urban settlement areas, naval base activities Padubidri, Malpe and Mangaluru (Old Mangalore
at the islands, etc. 3RUW %HVLGHVWKHUHDUHÀVKODQGLQJFHQWHUV
2FFXSDWLRQDOSUHVVXUHV The settlements in the DQGÀVKLQJYLOODJHVDORQJWKHFRDVWOLQH2QH
coastal region consist of 22 urban agglomerations single major intervention in the coastal zone is
and 1,044 villages. The occupational pressures the project Sea Bird, where an area of around 32
of the region can be attributed to agricultural square kilometers is being developed with several
DFWLYLWLHV DTXDFXOWXUH ÀVK ODQGLQJ DQG structures. Dredging for port development has
processing, port maintenance, mining for lime OHGWRQRWHZRUWK\FKDQJHVLQWKHFRQÀJXUDWLRQRI
VKHOOEDX[LWHDQGVLOLFDVDQGDQGFRLUUHWWLQJ WKHVHDEHGZKLFKXOWLPDWHO\PRGLÀHVWKHSDWWHUQ
of ocean currents, waves and water quality.
1RQFRPSOLDQFH RI &RDVWDO 5HJXODWLRQ =RQH
&5= QRWLÀFDWLRQV Population increase has 3ROOXWLRQ The coastal and marine ecosystem
been the main reason for CRZ violations in of Karnataka is seriously endangered due to the
residential areas near the seashore where mostly problem of pollution. Haphazard dumping of
ÀVKHUPHQXVHGWROLYHRQFHDQGQRZSHRSOHIURP ÀVKZDVWHVQHDUÀVKODQGLQJFHQWHUVSURFHVVLQJ
all walks of life prefer to live leading to over- RI ÀVK FDWFK DQG D ODrge number of ice factories
37
crowding. Besides, urban encroachments are very cause water pollution. Improper solid waste
disposal and inadequate treatment of sewage water in wells up to a distance of one kilometer
FRQWULEXWH WR WKH ZDWHU SROOXWLRQ (IÁXHQWV IURP from coastline in sandy areas and upto 500
factories and untreated domestic sewage are meters from the tidal tract of estuaries in alluvial
discharged into the estuaries and coastal waters, areas during summer also poses problems for
HAND BOOK OF
KARNATAKA
causing deleterious effect on the biota and other drinking water availability. The coastal alluvial
aquatic life. Further, dumping of city wastes in aquifers are highly permeable and are in hydraulic
the coastal estuaries constitutes a great threat to continuity with sea/ estuarine water. Therefore,
their ecology and human health. Pollution from indiscriminate pumping from wells here leads to
various chemicals, oil spills, heavy metals, radio- salinity intrusion. The intrusion of saline water
active materials, domestic and municipal waste, into groundwater aquifers and the ingression of
bacterial contamination, etc, need to be routinely seawater to the rivers/estuaries are adversely
monitored along the marine and coastal areas. affecting the availability of potable water, especially
during dry season. Increased pumping of water
'DPDJH WR (VWXDULHV DQG 0DQJURYHV Some
UHTXLUHGE\SRUWDQGRWKHUDIÀOLDWHGLQGXVWULHVLQ
of the important estuaries of coastal Karnataka
the coastal sandy areas has led to the landward
are Netravati-Gurpur, Gangolli, Hangarkatta,
movement of saline water.
Sharavathi, Aghanashini, Gangavali and
Kalinadi. Sand bars have developed in most Hotspots of Freshwater Ecosystem
of the estuaries. Sand mining, shell mining, Karnataka is blessed with many rivers, streams
destruction of mangroves and aquaculture are DQG ZHWODQGV .DUQDWDND·V IUHVKZDWHU UHVRXUFHV
the four major damages to the estuaries in are the most important resources among all
all three districts. Estuarine beds have been natural endowments, which sustain her economy
encroached at many places for the purpose of and human settlement patterns. The fresh water
sand and shell mining. Ecologically sensitive
ecosystem includes the river system, ground
coastline habitats include mangroves, coral reefs,
water and wetlands. There are seven river basins
sea grass, seaweeds, etc. Honnavara-estuarine
formed by the Cauvery, Krishna, Godavari, North
mangrove ecosystem and Kundapur-estuarine
3HQQDU6RXWK3HQQDU3DODUDQGWKHZHVWÁRZLQJ
ecosystem form important mangrove areas
rivers. Rivers Krishna and Godavari originate
of Karnataka. There are a number of barrier
in Maharashtra state, whereas Cauvery, Palar
spits at Tannirbavi, Sasithitlu, Udyavara, Hoode,
and Pennar originate from within the state. The
Hangarkatta and Kirimanjeswara formed due
ZHVWÁRZLQJ ULYHUV RULJLQDWH LQ WKH :HVWHUQ
to migration of coastal rivers. Mangrove forests
*KDWV DQG GUDLQ ÀQDOO\ LQWR WKH $UDELDQ 6HD
¶.DQGODYDQD· RI WKH EDFNZDWHUV DUH FRQVLGHUHG
.DUQDWDNDDFFRXQWVIRUDERXWRIWKHFRXQWU\·V
high ranking productive ecosystem of the world.
surface water resources and around 60% of this
Yet most mangroves have been destroyed.
LV SURYLGHG E\ WKH ZHVW ÁRZLQJ ULYHUV ZKLOH WKH
8QSODQQHG PDVV WRXULVP There are ninety UHPDLQLQJFRPHVIURPWKHHDVWÁRZLQJULYHUV
(90) beaches with varying aesthetic potential
Fresh water resources mainly constitute surface
in Karnataka. Among these, the beaches at
and groundwater, rainfall being the basic source.
6RPHVKZDUD8OODO 0DOSH 6W 0DU\·V ,VODQG
Rivers and streams form the major surface water
%HOHNHUL DQG .DUZDU DUH H[FHOOHQW ZLWK SRWHQWLDO
resource of Karnataka. Further, Karnataka is
for international tourism. However, twenty-two
bestowed with several reservoirs/barrages, lakes
EHDFKHV DUH FODVVLÀHG DV XQÀW IRU XVH GXH WR
and backwater lagoons. Major reservoirs of the
coastal erosion, human settlements and activities
state are Tungabhadra, Supa, Kadra, Karanja,
OLQNHGWRSRUWVKDUERUVLQGXVWULHVDQGÀVKHULHV
Alamatti, Hidkal, Narayanapura, Linganamakki,
Karnataka is blessed with pristine coastal stretch.
Chakra, etc. River degradation is a serious threat
Netrani Island of Uttara Kannada is known for
to the freshwater ecosystem and is primarily
FRUDO UHHIV 6W 0DU\·V ,VODQGV D IHZ NLORPHWHUV
FDXVHG E\ LQGXVWULDO HIÁXHQWV DJULFXOWXUDO UXQ
from Udupi have basalt rock formations. Sunny
offs, loss of forest and tree cover, siltation from
beaches at places like Malpe, Murdeshwara,
sediment loads, pollution from human and animal
Maravanthe, Gokarna and Kumta have spectacular
waste and withdrawal of water for agricultural
mountains to the east. Unplanned mass tourism
and industrial use. Siltation of major rivers and
in these areas has become a major threat.
streams has resulted in the disappearance of deep
38 6DOLQH ZDWHU LQWUXVLRQ The intrusion of saline SRROV PHDQW IRU VSDZQLQJ RI 0DKVKHHU ÀVK 7R
prevent siltation of rivers and ponds, tree planting water into the rivers, streams and lakes in an
in the degraded and blank areas in the catchment untreated form, which becomes the prime cause
should be taken up on priority basis. for the organic and bacterial pollution of fresh
INTRODUCTION
ZDWHUHFRV\VWHP)XUWKHUDVPRVWRIWKHH[LVWLQJ
Pollution is a major and serious threat to the
waste-water collection and treatment systems
fresh water ecosystem. Under the National
are either of low capacity or disfunctional, water-
Water Quality Monitoring Programme, the
bodies such as Bellandur, Varthur and Ulsoor are
Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) has
completely polluted and virtually lifeless.
been monitoring the water quality of rivers
in India in collaboration with State Pollution Karnataka state is subjected to repetitive
Control Boards. In its February 2015 report, droughts. Variations in annual rainfall across
based on water quality data for the years agro-climatic zones in the state are too wide-
WKH &3&% LGHQWLÀHG DQG GHFODUHG ranging from 585 millimeters in the northern dry
rivers of Karnataka as polluted with respect to zone to 3,893 millimeters in the coastal zone.
WKHZDWHUTXDOLW\FULWHULDRI%LRFKHPLFDO2[\JHQ More than 75 percent of the land in majority of
'HPDQG %2' DQG FODVVLÀHG WKHP DV SULRULW\ the districts in the state is rain-fed. Ground water
class IV (BOD between 6-10 mg/l) and class V is another important freshwater resource which
(having BOD between 3-6 mg/l). The prescribed helps in meeting the requirements of irrigation,
level of BOD for unpolluted rivers is less than domestic and industrial uses. Groundwater is
1 mg/L. The 15 polluted rivers of Karnataka the major source of drinking water in the state
are Arkavathy, Bhadra, Bhima, Cauvery, of Karnataka. Further, in rural areas over 90
Ghataprabha, Kabini, Kagina, Kali, Krishna, per cent of the drinking water supply schemes
Lakshman tirtha, Malaprabha, Manjira, Shimsha, are based on ground water. But, groundwater
Tungabhadra and Tunga. The stretches of rivers levels are fast receding in the state with 34 taluks
WKDW GR QRW PHHW WKH FULWHULD DUH LGHQWLÀHG DV FRQVLGHUHGDVFULWLFDO GXH WR RYHU H[SORLWDWLRQ
SROOXWHGVWUHWFKHVDQGFDWHJRUL]HGLQÀYHSULRULW\ ([FHVVLYHÁXRULGHVVXSHUÁXRXVDUVHQLFJURZLQJ
FODVVHVIURPFODVV,WRFODVV97ZHQW\ÀYHULYHUV concentration of chlorides, TDS, nitrates and iron
in Karnataka were monitored at 61 locations and in ground water have become a matter of great
among them 38 locations do not meet the Water concern. The environmental concerns pertaining
Quality Criteria with respect to BOD. CPCB to fresh water resources relate to management
KDV LGHQWLÀHG XUEDQ WRZQV DQG FLWLHV RI of the resources in terms of both quantity and
Karnataka located along the polluted stretches of quality. Rapid growth in population has led to
ULYHUV)XUWKHU%DQJDORUHKDVEHHQLGHQWLÀHGDV
decline in the per capita availability of fresh water.
one of the 35 metropolitan cities in India which
The water requirements of fast growing urban
is located along polluted river stretches. The
FHQWHUVDQGWKHDJULFXOWXUDOVHFWRUDUHH[SHFWHG
water quality data of Central Pollution Control
to double by 2025. With such predicted water
Board (CPCB, 2015) clearly shows that organic
stress, anticipatory policy measures have to be
pollution as indicated by BOD continues to be
taken up urgently. Hotspots of Agro-Ecosystem
the major water quality issue. This is mainly
and allied activities.
due to discharge of untreated domestic waste
water from the urban centers. Contamination of With the ever growing population, demand for
%KDGUD 5LYHU GXH WR WKH GLVFKDUJH RI HIÁXHQWV IRRGIRGGHUIXHOÀEHUDQGRWKHUFDVKFURSVLVDOVR
by Mysuru Paper Mills, Bhadravathi has led increasing. Efforts to meet the increased demand
WR VKDUS GHFOLQH LQ WKH ÀVK SRSXODWLRQ XS WR WKURXJK LQWHQVLÀFDWLRQ RI FURS SURGXFWLRQ KDV
kilometer range from the source of pollution. resulted in a situation where the agricultural
Coffee planters of Kodagu and Chikkamagaluru activities and environmental conditions like
also discharge their pollutants after pulping the VRLO ZDWHU DLU ÁRUD IDXQD DQG KXPDQ KHDOWK
coffee berries into the nearby streams. Therefore, etc. have interacted in adverse ways. Therefore
GLVFKDUJH RI IDFWRU\ HIÁXHQWV DQG XQWUHDWHG environmental hotspots of agro-ecosystem
domestic sewage into rivers, reservoirs and tanks (i.e. agricultural-environmental hotspots) are
is a serious threat to the fresh water resources locations where agricultural practices and
of Karnataka. Currently, urban centers are environmental conditions interact adversely to
39
discharging large quantities of domestic waste cause environmental degradation. If the processes
of degradation are allowed to continue, the hotspot The average fertilizer used for growing paddy
will become hotter and, if still left unattended, it and sugarcane usually ranges between 80-150
FRXOGUHDFKZKDWLVNQRZQDVÁDVKSRLQW6XFKD kilograms/hectare.
HAND BOOK OF
KARNATAKA
VLWXDWLRQLVH[WUHPHO\KDUPIXOERWKIRUDJULFXOWXUH
Karnataka is very rich in domesticated
and environment, and must be avoided at any
biodiversity, both of crop plants and livestock.
cost.
Small scale conservation of indigenous crops,
Agriculture remains the mainstream and one of including tree crops such as mango, jackfruit,
the dominant drivers of economic growth for both kokum, gooseberry, tamarind, drumstick, etc.
India and Karnataka. The demands of a growing should be promoted for household food security.
KXPDQ SRSXODWLRQ IRU IRRG PHGLFLQH ÀEHU Women play an important role in promotion of
fodder, shelter and fuel, along with the need for home gardens using indigenous biodiversity.
economic development have resulted in increased Home gardens provide food security and provide
pressure or stress on the agro-ecosystem and an additional source of income for women. Even
its biodiversity throughout the country. In a very poor could be part of this production system.
developing economy, the direct and indirect drivers Home gardens are important genetic resources of
of loss of biodiversity are high rate of human cultivated plants including medicinal and other
population growth and high population density, plants used for home remedy. Karnataka has a
increasing consumption, effects induced by rich heritage of indigenous livestock, poultry and
technological change and inadequate awareness pet breeds. It is necessary to document, monitor
of biodiversity values among the public and at and encourage through incentives, if necessary,
the decision-making levels, etc. Any reduction in-situ conservation, breeding and distribution
or negative impact on agro- biodiversity would of this animal diversity. There is also need for a
make farming communities vulnerable to future policy and regulatory frame work for the in-situ
environmental changes and accentuate poverty. protection of domesticated biodiversity.
Land is the most important basic natural Hotspots of Urban Ecosystem
UHVRXUFH ,W LV D G\QDPLF DQG FRPSOH[
Rapid urbanization in Karnataka, as elsewhere
combination of geology, topography, hydrology,
has accentuated the problems of urban
VRLO ÁRUD DQG IDXQD DQG LQÁXHQFHV HYHU\
environment on all the three main fronts viz.
sphere of human activity. Subsistence farming
water, air and soil (solid waste management).
practices, accelerated soil and water erosion,
The major problem areas of urban environment
erratic rainfall, increasing population, and
in Karnataka are Bengaluru, Hubballi-Dharwad,
high density of livestock population have all
Mangaluru and Bhadravathi. Kalaburagi is also
contributed to unsustainable land use that has
catching up in this regard. One prominent feature
led to degradation of this valuable resource.
Land and forest degradation has caused severe RIWKHVHSUREOHPVLVWKDWWKH\DUHQRWFRQÀQHGWR
soil erosion in the maidan areas of Karnataka. municipal limits and engulf peri-urban and rural
Soil and water erosion has caused soil fertility areas as well, affecting not only agricultural lands
loss, thus reducing its productive capacity. The but also aquifers contaminating the only source
arid regions of the state where rainfall is low are of drinking water (i.e. groundwater) in such areas.
vulnerable to soil erosion. As per the estimates With the current population density in urban
of the Government of Karnataka, about half of DUHDV PDMRULW\ RI ,QGLD·V ODUJH FLWLHV IDFH VHYHUH
arable land in the state needs protection. Most of DLU DQG ZDWHU SROOXWLRQ 2I WKH ZRUOG·V WRS
the tanks have been silted up to more than 30 per polluted cities, 13 are in India. City dwellers seek
cent of their capacities reducing their command to escape from the congested and polluted city life
area by 35 per cent. Salinization has become an and retreat to serene and tranquil areas during
acute problem in the command areas of the state. their vacations.
It is reported that nearly 10 per cent of the total Hotspots of natural disasters
irrigated area in the state is subjected to water
The history of disasters in Karnataka reveals that
ORJJLQJVDOLQLW\DQGDONDOLQLW\([FHVVLYHFKHPLFDO
various types of disasters have befallen the state
usage for agriculture is a problem in the cotton
over the years with devastating effects. Drought,
40 growing areas such as Raichur and Kalaburagi.
ÁRRG FORXGEXrst, hailstorm, lightning, coastal
erosion, storm surge and cyclone are the climate &\FORQHVZLQGVDQGFRDVWDOHURVLRQ Karnataka
related natural hazards which have occasionally state has been confronting various natural
struck the state. Further, earthquake, landslide hazards. The coastal districts of Dakshina
INTRODUCTION
DQGWVXQDPLDUHFODVVLÀHGDVJHRORJLFDOKD]DUGV Kannada, Udupi and Uttara Kannada are under
Groundwater depletion and aquifer salinity are the direct threat of cyclones. The high density of
the hydrological hazards, whereas, pest and population along the coastline of Karnataka has
insect attack on crops and plague (Kolar under made the population highly vulnerable to the
KLJKHVWULVN 6$56ELUGÁXRQKXPDQEHLQJVDUH storm surge and high speed wind accompanied
the biological hazards associated with Karnataka ZLWKF\FORQH2XWRIWKHVWDWH·VWRWDOJHRJUDSKLFDO
state. With respect to vulnerability of the state to area of 190.238 lakh hectares, about 44.92 lakh
natural disasters, about 80% of the geographical hectares of area covering 15 districts and 50
area in the state is prone to drought. About 22% taluks fall under moderate risk zone (Vs=39m/s)
of the geographical area in the state is prone to of being affected by winds and cyclones. The
moderate earthquake risks with possibility of remaining areas of the state fall under low
earthquakes with magnitude of 5 to 6.9; about damage risk zone (33m/s). The State has been
24% of the geographical area is prone to cyclone placed under Category (II) A - Low Vulnerability
and heavy winds. Landslides do affect the areas along with other states of Maharashtra, Kerala
with slope above 30 degree gradient. The 320 and Tamil Nadu.
kilometer coastal line is prone to sea-erosion
)ORRGV Almost all the districts in Karnataka
DQG 7VXQDPL WKUHDW +DLOVWRUPV DUH H[SHULHQFHG
IDFHWKHEUXQWRIPRGHUDWHWRVHYHUHÁRRGV)ORRGV
almost every year and cause localized damages to
are associated with cloud bursts, cyclones and
crops, human lives and livestock. All the districts depressions in the Bay of Bengal and Arabian
in the state are vulnerable to more than one Sea. Even when the state was suffering under
natural hazard. Thunder storms, cloud bursts drought like conditions, heavy discharges from
and lightening cause considerable damages and 0DKDUDVKWUDFDXVHGÁRRGVLQWKHQRUWK.DUQDWDND
loss to lives and properties. region covering the Krishna and Godavari basins.
Karnataka has the distinction of being the During 2005 and 2006, there were devastating
ÀUVW VWDWH LQ WKH FRXQWU\ WR HVWDEOLVK 'URXJKW ÁRRGV LQ WKH GLVWULFWV RI .DODEXUDJL %HODJDYL
Monitoring Cell (DMC) in 1988 as an institutional Vijayapura, Bidar, Bagalkot, Raichur, etc. as a
mechanism to monitor Drought. Later, the UHVXOWRIRXWÁRZRIH[FHVVZDWHUIURPWKH.ULVKQD
activities of the monitoring cell were broadened and Bhima Basins from Maharashtra, particularly
to include monitoring of other natural disasters from the Koyna Reservoir. Other districts such as
and thus the DMC was renamed in 2007 as Uttara Kannada, Udupi, Mangaluru, Shivamogga,
Karnataka State Natural Disaster Monitoring .RGDJX DQG &KLNNDPDJDOXUX DOVR IDFH ÁRRG
Centre (KSNDMC). With respect to Natural damages.
disaster, hotspots analysis has implications for (DUWKTXDNHV As per the revised earth-quake
development of investment planning, disaster hazard mapping, 22.13% of the total geographical
preparedness, and loss prevention. The highest area of Karnataka is under moderate earthquake
ULVNDUHDVDUHWKRVHLQZKLFKGLVDVWHUVDUHH[SHFWHG damage risk zone and remaining area of the state
WRRFFXUPRVWIUHTXHQWO\DQGORVVHVDUHH[SHFWHG is under the low damage risk zone. Karnataka has
to be the highest. This provides a rational basis for reported more than 500 earthquake tremors in
prioritizing risk-reduction efforts and highlights the last three decades with most of them having
areas where risk management is most needed. low magnitude.
The Hotspots analysis and its project provides
D FRPPRQ IUDPHZRUN IRU ULVN LGHQWLÀFDWLRQ DQG /DQGVOLGHV Hilly regions of the Western
promoting risk management through dialogues Ghats spread in the districts of Kodagu,
between organizations and individuals operating Chikkamagaluru, Hassan, Shivamogga, Dakshina
at various geographic scales. The methods and Kannada and Uttara Kannada record very
results provide useful tools for integrating disaster high normal rainfall of 2000mm to 4000mm.
risk management into development efforts and Landslides are common in these districts. During
should be developed further. the rainy periods these hilly regions regularly
H[SHULHQFHGLVSODFHPHQWRIURFNVDQGVRLOVFDXVLQJ 41
widespread damage to property, infrastructure which form the lifeline in the state, originate
such as rails, roads and loss of human life. from the pristine forests of the Western Ghats.
.DUQDWDND·V IRUHVWV DUH YHU\ ULFK LQ ZLOGOLIH
'URXJKW Drought is a meteorologically related
HAND BOOK OF
harboring about 25% of the elephant population
KARNATAKA
disaster. Karnataka stands second only to
and about 18% of tiger population of India. About
Rajasthan in terms of Drought affected areas. The
RI WKH VWDWH·V IRUHVW DUHD FRPSULVLQJ RI ÀYH
state is highly vulnerable to drought as compared
national parks, thirty wildlife sanctuaries and
to its neighboring states.
ÀIWHHQ FRQVHUYDWLRQFRPPXQLW\ UHVHUYHV KDV
&KHPLFDO GLVDVWHUV +D]DUGV All factories EHHQ HDUPDUNHG H[FOXVLYHO\ IRU FRQVHUYDWLRQ RI
having manufacturing processes mentioned in ZLOGOLIH DQG ELRGLYHUVLW\ .DUQDWDND·V IRUHVWV DUH
WKHÀUVWVFKHGXOHDSSHQGHGWRWKH)DFWRULHV$FW also known for diversity of medicinal plants. The
1948 are termed as hazardous process factories. ULFKQHVVRIWKHVWDWH·VPHGLFLQDOSODQWGLYHUVLW\FDQ
There are about 735 hazardous process factories be gauged from the fact that even dry deciduous
in the state. Major accident hazard units are DQG VFUXE IRUHVWV H[HPSOLÀHG E\ WKH IRUHVWV RI
LGHQWLÀHG LQ WKH VWDWH ZKLFK DUH LQ GLVWULFWV Devrayanadurga and Siddarabetta (Tumakur
District crisis groups have been constituted district), Kappatagudda (Gadag), Savanadurga
with the respective Deputy Commissioner of the (Ramanagara), Karpakapalli (Bidar) and Sandur
district as the chairman. They monitor the safety (Ballari), harbor varieties of medicinal plants.
systems in the major accident hazard units.
Forests are an integral part of the natural
Both day and night temperatures are more or resources and integral part of environmental and
OHVVXQLIRUPRYHUWKH6WDWHH[FHSWDWWKHFRDVWDO HFRORJLFDO V\VWHPV 7KH 6WDWH·V GHQVH IRUHVWV DUH
region and high elevated plateau. They generally located in the Western Ghats region. About 60%
decrease south-westwards over the State due to of the Western Ghats of the country is located
higher elevation and attain lower values at high in the State. In order to protect and develop bio-
level stations. April and May are the hottest diversity, the State has formed 4467 Bio-diversity
PRQWKV ,Q 0D\ PHDQ PD[LPXP WHPSHUDWXUH Management Committees at Grama Panchayat
shoots upto 4000 C over the north–eastern corner level. Bio-diversity heritage sites (such as the 400-
of the State, decreasing south-westwards towards year old tamarind grooves at Nallur, Devanahalli
the Western Ghat region and the Coastal belt. taluk) have been developed to conserve and
develop the unique genetic diversities.
Forests and Wildlife
Karnataka is endowed with some of the most In recent years, due to fundamental and
PDJQLÀFHQW IRUHVW HFRV\VWHPV KDUERULQJ GLYHUVH SUR[LPDWH IDFWRUV :HVWHUQ *KDWV RQH RI WKH
ÁRUD DQG IDXQD 7KH IRUHVW YHJHWDWLRQ W\SHV KRW VSRWV RI WKH ZRUOG·V ELRGLYHUVLW\ KDV EHHQ
include tropical evergreen, semi-evergreen, moist under severe threat. Although the depletion of
deciduous, dry deciduous, thorny scrub, shola IRUHVWFRYHULVKDOWHGWRDODUJHH[WHQWDQGIRUHVW
DQGPDQJURYH.DUQDWDND·VIRUHVWVDUHUHSRVLWRU\ cover has quantitatively increased in the recent
of rich biodiversity at the level of gene, species years, the natural forest stock is qualitatively
and ecosystem. Formation of different forest still under degradation. Increased deforestation
types is the result of an array of factors such as and degradation of the environmental resource
temperature, rainfall, humidity, incident radiation, base has serious implications for production and
wind, topography, geology, soil formation, soil resilience of the ecosystem. The loss of forest
moisture, etc. Human intervention also plays a cover is a serious threat to the environment,
role in shaping up the composition and status of sustainable development and the livelihoods of
the forests. All these factors, collectively known millions of people in the State.
as locality factors, have determined the formation )RUHVW UHVRXUFHV VLJQLÀFDQWO\ FRQWULEXWH
of different forest types in different landscapes. WR WKH 6WDWH·V *URVV 'RPHVWLF 3URGXFW *'3
The Western Ghats, of which Karnataka has the by being a major source of timber, medicinal
largest share, is one of the mega biodiversity plants, Non-timber forest products (NTFPs),
hotspots of the world and one between the two grazing, recreational activities, carbon
on the Indian subcontinent, the other being the sequestration, watershed provisions etc. Forest
42 North-Eastern India. All the perennial rivers,
resources are under severe pressure due to
rapid population growth and in this scenario, to the Forest department under section 71 of the
meeting developmental, livelihood, agricultural Karnataka Land Revenue Act. A Task Force under
and industrial needs and conserving forests for the Chairmanship of Deputy Commissioner,
INTRODUCTION
productive and ecological services is a major Chikkamagaluru was constituted for joint survey
challenge. The main factors responsible for the and consolidation of the areas. Till now, about
depletion of the forest resource base are diversion 19,500 hectares of wooded areas have been
of forest areas for developmental activities, QRWLÀHGXQGHUVHFWLRQRIWKH.DUQDWDND)RUHVW
encroachment of forest area, destruction of natural $FW ,W LV H[SHFWHG WKDW DQRWKHU
habitat, mining and quarrying, wildlife poaching, KHFWDUHVRIDUHDZRXOGEHQRWLÀHGLQWKHGLVWULFW,Q
smuggling of timber, erosion of common addition, the Forest department has been moving
SURSHUW\UHVRXUFHVH[FHVVLYHIXHOZRRGFROOHFWLRQ proposals for acquisition of private wooded areas
and livestock grazing. The Forest Department of to restore corridors for movement of wild animals.
Karnataka has succeeded in halting quantitative It is a new development and may take some time
depletion of forest cover through afforestation IRUÀQDOL]DWLRQ
programmes but the deteriorating quality of
As on November 2018, the total area under
forests continues to be a major threat to the
forests in the state is 43,441.06 sq. km. Thus,
sustainability of both human beings and animals.
DERXWRIWKH6WDWH·VJHRJUDSKLFDODUHDLV
Extent of Forest: Recorded forest area of under forest.
Karnataka as per the Annual Report of KFD for
&ODVVLÀFDWLRQRIWRWDOIRUHVWDUHDLQ.DUQDWDND
2016-17 is 43,356 sq.km constituting 22.61% of
LWVJHRJUDSKLFDODUHD VTNP 7KHH[WHQW % age of
Sl. Legal Area (Sq.
RI QRWLÀHG IRUHVW DUHD LV VT NP )RUHVWV geographical
No. Status Km.)
such as reserved forests, protected forests, village area
IRUHVWV HWF ZHUH QRWLÀHG DW GLIIHUHQW SRLQWV LQ Reserved
1 29,772.96 15.51
WLPH 2XW RI WKH QRWLÀHG IRUHVWV FHUWDLQ IRUHVW Forest
areas were diverted for development projects Protected
2 3,540.07 1.85
and for settlement of people affected by such Forest
projects. Proposals for diversion of forest land for Village
3 49.05 0.03
development projects are continuously received Forest
by the Forest department and these are processed 8QFODVVLÀHG
4 10,024.91 5.23
under the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980. At the Forest
same time, action is taken to notify additional Private
5 54.07 0.03
wooded areas with the Revenue department as Forest
IRUHVW7KXVWKHÀJXUHVRIQRWLÀHGIRUHVWDUHDDUH Total 43,441.06 22.65
dynamic. 6RXUFH $QQXDOUHSRUWRI.DUQDWDND)RUHVW'HSDUWPHQW
,Q SXUVXDQFH RI D GLUHFWLRQ IURP WKH +RQ·EOH The estimates of Forest Survey of India (FSI
Supreme Court of India in IA No. 276 in WP No. 2017) on the basis of satellite data show that the
202/1995, nearly 10 lakh hectares of wooded forest cover within and outside recorded forest
areas with the Revenue department were area of the State is 43,263 sq.km, which is lower
LQLWLDOO\ LGHQWLÀHG DV GHHPHG IRUHVWV 2Q IXUWKHU WKDQWKH6WDWH·VHVWLPDWHV7KHUHE\DERXW
VFUXWLQ\RIUHFRUGVDQGYHULÀFDWLRQRIFODLPVDQG of the geographical area of the state is under
representations from various stake holders by forest and tree cover. The estimation of forest
D FRPELQHG WHDP RI RIÀFHUV IURP 5HYHQXH DQG FRYHU FODVVLÀHG RQ WKH EDVLV RI IRUHVW FDQRS\
)RUHVW GHSDUWPHQWV WKH H[WHQW RI GHHPHG IRUHVW density, shows that the State has 4,502 sq. km
area has come down to about 5 lakh hectares. of very dense forest, 20,444 sq. km of moderately
7KLV ÀJXUH LV \HW WR EH ÀQDOL]HG 7KH PDWWHU LV dense forest and 12,604 sq.km of open forest.
XQGHUH[DPLQDWLRQRIWKH6WDWH*RYHUQPHQW
(A) 5HDVRQV IRU FKDQJH GHWHFWHG LQ
&KLNNDPDJDOXUX GLVWULFW KDV YDVW H[SDQVHV RI DVVHVVPHQW The main reason for net increase
thickly wooded areas which had not been brought of 1,101 sq.km in forest cover and 161 sq.km
under forest reservation. Nearly 45,000 hectares in tree cover in the state can be attributed to
43
of such revenue wooded areas were handed over plantations and conservation activities both
within and outside the recorded forest area as forests and cover due to tree growth outside
well as improvement in interpretation due to recorded forests. As tree patches larger than one
better radiometric resolution of the recent satellite hectare and located outside the recorded forests
HAND BOOK OF
data from Resources at-2. Large scale increase in are also captured by the remote sensing satellites
KARNATAKA
commercial plantation of palms outside the forest and sensors, such patches are already included in
areas, density improvement in scrub forests and the forest cover; however, linear plantations along
H[SDQVLRQRIPDQJURYHFRYHUGXHWRFRQVHUYDWLRQ roads, canals, etc., scattered trees on farmlands,
planting activities in forest and non forest areas homesteads and urban areas and blocks of
and rehabilitation efforts are also the other plantations and woodlots smaller than one hectare
important reasons for the net increase of forest cannot be captured by the remote sensing satellite
and tree cover in the state. and sensors. Such areas are assessed manually
RQ WKH EDVLV RI ÀHOG LQYHQWRU\ 7UHH FRYHU UHIHUV
%&RPSDULVRQZLWKVRXWKHUQVWDWHV Forest cover
to such tree growth outside recorded forests
in Karnataka is 19.58% to total geographical area
ZKLFKKDVEHHQDVVHVVHGWKURXJKÀHOGLQYHQWRU\
of the state as per Forest Survey of India, whereas,
Since forest cover also includes tree growth
in southern states Kerala has highest proportion
outside recorded forest areas (RFA), FSI has, on
of forest cover to its total area.
the basis of digital data of forest boundaries of
C. )RUHVW FRYHU LQ 'LIIHUHQW )RUHVW 7\SHV The Karnataka, computed the forest cover within RFA
IRUHVW YHJHWDWLRQ LV FODVVLÀHG LQWR VHYHQ W\SHV as 22,854 sq.km and the forest cover outside RFA
based on gradients of rainfall, length of dry season as 13,567 sq.km. This implies that tree growth
and temperature. About 16.70% of forests are wet outside the recorded forest areas contributes
evergreen, 13.56% is semi-evergreen, 24.20% is VLJQLÀFDQWO\WRWKHVWDWH·VIRUHVWFRYHU6XFKWUHH
moist deciduous and 24.34% is dry deciduous. growth includes private woodlots, coffee estates,
Thorn forests form 11.93%, plantations form horticultural plantations of coconut, areca nut,
8.24% and broad-leaved hill forests form 1.03%. etc. and wooded areas under the control of the
The Forest Survey of India (FSI), Dehradun, Revenue department. FSI has also computed the
based on interpretation of satellite imageries, net forest cover of Karnataka based on greenwash
brings out a State of Forest Report (SFR) areas of Survey of India (SoI) topo maps as
biannually, highlighting, among other things, the 27,322 sq.km. The green wash areas of SoI topo
¶IRUHVWDQGWUHHFRYHU·RIHYHU\VWDWH$VSHUWKH6)5 PDSV EDVLFDOO\ UHSUHVHQW QRWLÀHG IRUHVWV DQG
2015 which is based on interpretation of satellite other areas supporting natural tree growth. The
imageries pertaining to the period 2013-14, the GLIIHUHQFHEHWZHHQWKHVHWZRÀJXUHVLH
¶IRUHVW DQG WUHH FRYHU· RI .DUQDWDND LV - 22,854) or 4,468 sq.km primarily accounts
VTNPFRPSULVLQJRIVTNPRI¶IRUHVWFRYHU· for thickly wooded areas in the state under the
DQGVTNPRI¶WUHHFRYHU· 7DEOH ,QWHUPV control of the Revenue department. These areas
RISHUFHQWDJHWKH¶IRUHVWDQGWUHHFRYHU·LV include various categories of land such as paisary
RIWKHVWDWH·VJHRJUDSKLFDODUHD LV¶IRUHVW and bane lands of Kodagu district, kan and kumki
FRYHU·DQG LV¶WUHHFRYHU· 7KHIRUHVWFRYHU lands of Dakshina Kannada and Udupi districts,
as interpreted by the FSI, refers to tree growth betta lands of Uttara Kannada district, thickly
above 10% crown density and it consists of two wooded revenue lands in Chikkamagaluru and
parts: cover due to tree growth inside recorded other districts, etc.
‘Forest and Tree cover’ of Karnataka as per State of Forest Reports published by the
Forest Survey of India, Dehradun
$UHDLQVTNP
Forest Cover Tree Cover Forest and Tree Cover
State of
Forest
Total Forest
Report Forest Forest Cover Tree Tree Cover Total Forest and Tree Cover as
and tree
Cover. % of as % of G.A. Cover. as % of G.A. % of G A
Cover
2001 36,991 19.30 7446 3.88 44,437 23.20
44 2003 36,449 19.00 5371 2.80 41,820 21.80
2005 35,251 18.38 5467 2.85 40,718 21.23
2005 (Rev.) 36,200 18.87 5467 2.85 41667 21.72
INTRODUCTION
2009 36,190 18.87 5683 2.96 41873 21.83
2011 36,194 18.87 5733 2.99 41927 21.86
2013 36,132 18.84 5920 3.09 42,052 21.93
2015 36,421 18.99 5552 2.89 41,973 21.88
*$UHSUHVHQWVWKHJHRJUDSKLFDODUHDRI.DUQDWDND sq.km.)
6RXUFH 6WDWHRI)RUHVW5HSRUWV DQG)6,Dehradun)
,QWKH6WDWHRI)RUHVW5HSRUW.DUQDWDND·V be conceded that forest areas in the vicinity of
recorded forest area has been taken as 38,284 sq habitations are under so much biotic pressure
NP FRQVLGHULQJ WKDW WKH VWDWH·V IRUHVW FRYHU RQ GXHWRXQDXWKRUL]HGUHPRYDOVH[FHVVLYHJUD]LQJ
account of recorded forest area is only 22,854 HQFURDFKPHQWV DQG UHFXUULQJ ÀUHV WKDW WKHVH
VT NP LW LPSOLHV WKDW ODUJH H[WHQWV RI IRUHVW areas continue to remain as scrub forest in spite
within the RFA are devoid of tree growth or are of repeated attempts at raising plantations.
highly degraded and all these areas ought to be
7KH IRUHVW FRYHU RI .DUQDWDND DV SHU ODVW ÀYH
brought under tree plantation. It must however
FSI reports covering a decade (2005 to 2015)
EHERUQHLQPLQGWKDWFRQVLGHUDEOHH[WHQWRIVXFK
is 36,200, 36,190, 36,194, 36,132 and 36,421
forest areas is not brought under tree planting
sq.km respectively (Table-2) showing marginal
program for a number of reasons: blanks within
increase in the forest cover. This marginal increase
wildlife areas that need to be retained as such
is indicative of the fact that the pressure on the
for grazing by herbivores, water bodies like dams
forests on account of withdrawal of biomass has
and reservoirs which have been constructed after
somewhat been contained by the initiatives of
clearing tree growth, grassy blanks interspersed
the Forest department. However, the department
ZLWKVKRODIRUHVWVYDVWH[SDQVHVRIUHIUDFWRU\DQG
cannot be complacent over the marginal increase in
rocky areas in the dry zone that are incapable
forest cover. It is necessary to continue the tempo
of sustaining any vegetation, etc. The shola
of planting by covering more and more areas and
forests, in association with the surrounding
by improving the quality and productivity of the
grassy blanks located in the higher reaches of the
SODQWDWLRQV $ UHGHHPLQJ IHDWXUH RI .DUQDWDND·V
Western Ghats, serve as source of springs and
¶IRUHVW DQG WUHH FRYHU· LV WKH IDFW WKDW WKH WRWDO
rivers. They are being conserved and protected.
H[WHQW RI WUHH JURZWK RXWVLGH WKH UHFRUGHG IRUHVW
Barring the above few categories of lands which
areas (TOF-Trees Outside Forest) of the state
are not available for planting, Forest department
works out to 19,119 (13,567 + 5,552) sq.km.
has taken up most of the available treeless lands
7KHUHLVVFRSHWRLQFUHDVHWKLVÀJXUHVLJQLÀFDQWO\
within the RFA under different afforestation
and KFD is focusing on this through intensive
and eco-restoration programs. It must however
farm forestry initiatives.
Forest cover of Karnataka as depicted in different State of Forest Reports published by the
Forest Survey of India, Dehradun
$UHDLQVTNP
State of Forest Report: Very dense forest Moderately dense Open forest (Crown
Year of Report (Crown density forest (Crown density density between 10% Total Change
(Year of assessment) above 70%) between 40% & 70%) and 40%)
2005 (2004- 05) (Revised) 1,772 20,196 14,232 36,200 -249
2009 (2006-07) 1,777 20,181 14,232 36,190 -10
2011 (2008-09) 1,777 20,179 14,238 36,194 +4
2013 (2010-12) 1,777 20,179 14,176 36,132 -62
2015 (2013-14) 1,781 20,063 14,577 36,421 +289
45
6RXUFH 6WDWHRI)RUHVW5HSRUWV DQGSXEOLVKHGE\)6,'HKUDGXQ
As per the State of Forest Report 2015, forests, propagating sandalwood, medicinal plants
.DUQDWDND·V WRWDO *URZLQJ 6WRFN LV and RET species, providing bamboo, cane, and
million cum out of which 296.988 million cum sandalwood to artisans, etc. Territorial DCFs
HAND BOOK OF
is contributed by trees within Recorded Forest
KARNATAKA
DOVR GHDO ZLWK ZLOGOLIH UHODWHG FRQÁLFWV DULVLQJ
Area (RFA) and 86.588 million cum is contributed within their jurisdiction. Each territorial division
by tree growth outside RFA. Bamboo is an has two or three sub-divisions, each of which is
important forest resource of Karnataka. As per headed by an Assistant Conservator of Forests
SFR 2011 bamboo occurs in about 8,18,600 (ACF). The sub-division has two to four Ranges,
KHFWDUHV RI WKH VWDWH·V IRUHVWV 7KH GLVWULEXWLRQ HDFK KHDGHG E\ D 5DQJH )RUHVW RIÀFHU 5)2
of bamboo bearing area by density is as follows: Ranges are further sub-divided into sections and
Pure bamboo (Nil), Dense bamboo (1,92,500 ha), EHDWV PDQQHG E\ 'HSXW\ 5DQJH )RUHVW 2IÀFHU
Scattered bamboo (4,39,000 ha), Clumps hacked (DRFO) and Forest Guard respectively, for close
(29,700 ha) and Bamboo regeneration (1,57,400 monitoring of activities in the forests. All territorial
ha). CCFs report to the PCCF (HoFF).
Administrative set-up of Karnataka Forest Wildlife Wing : The wildlife areas, also
Department known as protected areas (PA), are organized
Karnataka Forest Department, in the into wildlife sanctuaries, national parks, tiger
*RYHUQPHQW LV XQGHU WKH +RQ·EOH 0LQLVWHU IRU reserves, conservation reserves and community
Forest, Ecology and Environment. The Forest, reserves. The wildlife wing is headed by the
Ecology and Environment (FEE) Department is Principal Chief Conservator of Forests (Wildlife).
the administrative department in the Government Most of the protected areas of the state have been
and is headed by the Additional Chief Secretary, apportioned among thirteen (13) wildlife units
FEE Department who is assisted in forestry which are managed by DCF, wildlife or CF (in
matters by the Secretary (Forest). respect of Tiger Reserves). Smaller protected
areas are under the control of the territorial
The Forest Department is headed by the
Principal Chief Conservator of Forests (Head of DCFs. The wildlife units are further sub-divided
)RUHVW )RUFH +H H[HUFLVHV VXSHULQWHQGHQFH into sub-divisions, ranges, sections and beats
control and guidance through a number of in the same manner as the territorial
Additional Principal Chief Conservators of divisions. The administration and management
)RUHVWV $3&&) ZKRGHDOZLWKVSHFLÀFVXEMHFWV of the protected areas is carried out as per the
like Development, Forest Resource Management, provisions of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972
Working Plan, Research, Training, Land and as per the prescriptions of the management
Records, Forest Conservation, etc. The territorial SODQV VSHFLÀFDOO\ DSSURYHG IRU HDFK SURWHFWHG
administration of the department is carried out DUHD $OO WKH RIÀFHUV LQ FKDUJH RI ZLOGOLIH DUHDV
by two wings, namely, the territorial wing and the H[FHSW &)V RI 3URMHFW 7LJHU %DQGLSXU DQG
wildlife wing. The territorial wing is in charge of Nagarahole) report to the concerned Circle
regular forest areas and the wildlife wing looks CCFs who in turn report to the PCCF (Wildlife).
after the wildlife areas. Thus there is convergence of administration and
management of regular forest areas and wildlife
Territorial wing : The territorial wing areas at the Circle level. The CFs of Project Tiger,
comprises of thirteen (13) Circles; each Circle Bandipur and Nagarahole report to the PCCF
is headed by one Chief Conservator of Forests (WL) through the APCCF and Director, Project
(CCF). Each Circle has three/four territorial Tiger, Mysore.
divisions, each division being headed by a
Deputy Conservator of Forests (DCF). There are In addition to the above two wings which have
totally thirty-nine (39) territorial divisions in territorial responsibility, there are a number of
the state. The main functions of the territorial wings in the department which have functional
divisions are implementation of law, consolidation responsibilities. These are Social Forestry,
and preservation of forest land and woodlots, Working Plan, Research, Training, Evaluation
afforestation and reforestation of degraded and and Vigilance There is also an Information and
46 denuded areas, regeneration of forests, soil and Communication technology (ITC) cell which
water conservation, increasing tree cover outside assists the department in areas such as human
resources development, maintenance of forest under the control of the Chief Conservator
boundaries, procurement and tracking movement of Forests (HRD) having the headquarters at
of forest produce, etc. Gungaraghatti, Dharwad. The training institutes/
INTRODUCTION
centers are located at Bidar, Gungargatti,
6RFLDO )RUHVWU\ Each district has a Social
Ilawala, Kushalnagar, Tattihalla, Kadugodi and
Forestry division headed by a DCF. The SF division
Chakranagar to impart induction training to
is administratively attached to Zilla Panchayath.
frontline staff (Deputy RFOs, Forest Guards and
Technical control of these divisions is with the
Forest Watchers). RFO Training Academy has
respective CCFs of the Circles. APCCF, Social
also been established at Gungargatti, Dharwad.
Forestry at state headquarters provides overall RFOs recruited from Karnataka as well as from
control of technical matters pertaining to social other states are trained in this institute.
forestry. These divisions take up afforestation
RXWVLGHQRWLÀHGIRUHVWVDQGSURPRWHIDUPIRUHVWU\ ,QWHUQDO DQG H[WHUQDO HYDOXDWLRQ RI YDULRXV
and agro forestry. schemes and programs of the department
are facilitated by the evaluation wing headed
:RUNLQJ 3ODQ The working plan wing is by CCF, Evaluation who works under the
headed by APCCF, Working Plans. There are overall supervision of APCCF, Training and
VL[ :RUNLQJ 3ODQ XQLWV LQ WKH VWDWH HDFK XQLW Evaluation. The department has developed
being headed by a CF or CCF with headquarters $QGURLGDSSOLFDWLRQVWRFDSWXUHÀHOGGDWDWKHUHE\
at Ballari, Belagavi, Chikkamagaluru, Dharwad, facilitating the process of concurrent evaluation.
Mysuru and Shivamogga. The main task of
the working plan wing is preparation of working Vigilance wing: The Vigilance wing is headed
plans for territorial divisions. It processes cases by APCCF, Vigilance and is assisted by a
for the approval of the working plans by the Conservator of Forests at the headquarters. There
Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate are eleven Deputy Conservators of Forests, Forest
&KDQJH :RUNLQJ SODQ RIÀFHUV DOVR PRQLWRU Mobile Squads across the state. The Forest Mobile
implementation of working plans by territorial Squads, along with the territorial and wildlife
divisions. Survey and demarcation of boundaries staff, help in detection and prevention of timber
smuggling and poaching. The Forest Mobile
of forests, blocks and compartments as well as for
Squads undertake day and night patrolling in
reservation and de-reservation of forests are also
their respective jurisdictions.
taken up by the working plan wing.
Staff strength and recruitment
5HVHDUFK The research wing, headed by APCCF,
As per the Annual Report (2016-17) of KFD,
Research has four zones with headquarters at
WKHGHSDUWPHQWKDV SRVWVLQWKH([HFXWLYH
Ballari, Bengaluru, Dharwad and Madikere. Each
HVWDEOLVKPHQWRXWRIZKLFKSRVWVDUHÀOOHG
]RQDORIÀFHLVKHDGHGE\D&)&&)7KHUHLVDOVR
DQGSRVWVDUHYDFDQW0D[LPXPYDFDQFLHV
a seed unit headed by a DCF with head- quarters
are at the level of Forest Guards (1,050), Deputy
at Bengaluru. The Research wing carries out
5DQJH )RUHVW 2IÀFHUV )RUHVW :DWFKHUV
research on various forestry-related activities in
DQG5DQJH)RUHVW2IÀFHUV $VUHJDUGV
keeping with the local agro-climatic conditions.
Ministerial establishment, the department has
These activities include raising seedlings from
SRVWVRXWRIZKLFK SRVWVDUHÀOOHGDQG
known seed sources, developing seedling seed
SRVWVDUHYDFDQW0D[LPXPYDFDQFLHVDUHDW
orchards, clonal seed orchards, Germ Plasm
the level of First Division Assistants (152), Second
banks, clonal multiplication gardens, vegetative
'LYLVLRQ $VVLVWDQWV 7\SLVWV DQG ¶'·
multiplication gardens, species/progeny trials,
Group posts (175). During the late 1990s, there
LGHQWLÀFDWLRQ RI VHHG SURGXFWLRQ DUHD DQG
ZDV VHYHUH VKRUWDJH RI ÀHOGOHYHO VWDII EHFDXVH
FROOHFWLRQDQGVXSSO\RIFHUWLÀHGVHHGVWRYDULRXV of general ban on recruitment due to economy
forest divisions. measures. The ban had seriously and adversely
Training and Evaluation: The training and DIIHFWHG WKH GHSDUWPHQW·V IXQFWLRQLQJ HVSHFLDOO\
evaluation wing is under the overall supervision at the level of forest guards and foresters.
of APCCF, Training and Evaluation with Since 2002-03, the department has recruited,
headquarters at Bengaluru. There are at present DSSRLQWHGDQGWUDLQHGPRUHWKDQÀHOGOHYHO
47
seven training institutes/centers which are forestry personnel. The process of recruitment
is now on rails and is taking place at regular security, preservation of natural forest and
intervals ensuring continuous entry of youngsters biodiversity conservation, sincere attempts were
into the department. There is however need for made at the state level towards protection of
streamlining the recruitment process so that it forests in general and protection of evergreen
HAND BOOK OF
KARNATAKA
takes place more frequently and the facilities of and semi-evergreen forests in particular. The
the training institutions are utilized optimally. The department had done away with the system of
entire recruitment process is carried out by the standing sale of forest coupes in the early
department through a very strict and transparent eighties. In 1983, clear-felling of natural forest for
process. It has been observed that persons with regeneration was stopped and felling of natural
PXFKKLJKHUTXDOLÀFDWLRQVWKDQWKRVHSUHVFULEHG green trees was restricted. In 1987, felling in
for the posts have joined the department. The new the evergreen forests was stopped. In 1989, it
recruits undergo comprehensive and rigorous was decided to stop all concessions to wood-
induction training in the forestry training institutes based industries and they were required to
RI WKH VWDWH EHIRUH HPEDUNLQJ XSRQ WKHLU ÀHOG obtain their requirements in open auction. In
responsibilities. The young and energetic recruits 1990, felling of all naturally growing green trees
have also been able to absorb the ICT initiatives was banned. These changes initiated by the
of the department more effectively. These have state were in conformity with the National Forest
LPSURYHGWKHHIÀFLHQF\RIWKHGHSDUWPHQWWKHUHE\ Policy which advocated a ‘conservation oriented
enabling gradual development of a robust human IRUHVWPDQDJHPHQW·DSSURDFK
UHVRXUFH,WLVQHFHVVDU\IRUHYHU\IRUHVWRIÀFHULQ
In view of the newly emerging approach,
the department to guide, motivate and provide
working of the forests for harvest of timber and
able leadership to the young recruits so that the
ÀUHZRRG KDV EHHQ VLJQLÀFDQWO\ EURXJKW GRZQ
future of the forests is in safe hands for all the
and is limited to salvaging of only dead and fallen
years to come.
trees from a few deciduous forests and felling of
Forest Management Policy man-made fuel wood plantations. Most of the
The policy of forest management in the state evergreen and semi-evergreen forests, as also
is primarily governed by the National Forest- deciduous forests in inaccessible areas and on
Policy, 1988. The policy accords the highest VWHHSRUGLIÀFXOWVORSHVKDYHEHHQEURXJKWXQGHU
priority to ensuring environmental stability and ¶%LRGLYHUVLW\FRQVHUYDWLRQ·RU¶3URWHFWLRQ·ZRUNLQJ
maintenance of ecological balance. Derivation of circles where logging is prohibited and rigid
GLUHFWHFRQRPLF EHQHÀWV LV VXERUGLQDWHG WR WKLV protection measures are prescribed. Protection
principal aim. The national goal is to have at least IURP ÀUH LV JLYHQ XWPRVW SULRULW\ 7KHVH
one- third land area of the country under forest or measures have resulted in gradual reduction of
tree cover and the same is sought to be achieved human interference in the forests leading to their
through massive need-based and time-bound restoration and rejuvenation.
programme of afforestation and tree-planting.
An important step taken towards forest
7KHSROLF\VWLSXODWHVIXOOSURWHFWLRQRIH[LVWLQJ
conservation in the recent years has been in
forests and forest lands and improvement of their
respect of expansion and consolidation of
productivity. It has laid stress on strengthening
protected areas. 'XULQJ WKH WRWDO H[WHQW
DQG H[WHQVLRQ RI SURWHFWHG DUHDV 3$ IRU
of protected areas in the state was 17.5% of the
conservation of biological diversity. The policy
WRWDOIRUHVWDUHDFRPSULVLQJRIÀYHQDWLRQDOSDUNV
has laid down guidelines for preventing damage
and 20 wildlife sanctuaries covering an area of
WRIRUHVWV IURP HQFURDFKPHQWÀUHV DQG JUD]LQJ
6,700 square kilometers. During the last decade
DQGLVVXHVUHODWHGWRIRUHVWH[WHQVLRQHGXFDWLRQ
(2005-2015), the department has increased the
research, personnel management, etc.
protected area network either by adding more
.DUQDWDND·V DSSURDFK WR IRUHVW PDQDJHPHQW UHVHUYHG IRUHVWV WR WKH H[LVWLQJ VDQFWXDULHV
KDG XQGHUJRQH VLJQLÀFDQW FKDQJH GXULQJ WKH national parks or by notifying new sanctuaries
1980s and 1990s. This period heralded a major and conservation reserves. A number of wildlife
shift in focus of forest management practices from VDQFWXDULHV QRWLÀHG GXULQJ WKH ODVW GHFDGH DUH
production forestry to conservation forestry. situated in the dry deciduous forests which were
Although this change was triggered partly by the earlier under-represented in the protected area
48 overall change in the national forestry scenario network of the state. These are Rangayyandurga,
which had highlighted the need for ecological Chincholi, Yadahalli, Jogimatti and Thimlapura
wildlife sanctuaries. The e[WHQWRISURWHFWHGDUHD ,QVWDQFHV RI PDQDQLPDO FRQÁLFW LQYROYLQJ
QHWZRUN RI WKH VWDWH KDV QRZ H[SDQGHG WR PRUH elephant, tiger, leopard and sloth bear are on
than 10,200 square kilometers comprising of the rise resulting in death or grievous injuries
INTRODUCTION
ÀYH QDWLRQDO SDUNV WKLUW\ ZLOGOLIH VDQFWXDULHV to human beings. Elephants cause considerable
fourteen conservation reserves and one community damage to property. Instances of cattle kill
reserve. These protected areas constitute about by tiger and leopards are also common. Crop
25% of the total forest area of the state. This damages by elephants, bisons, black bucks,
phenomenal increase of the protected areas has sambar and other herbivores are frequent in
EHHQ H[WUHPHO\ EHQHÀFLDO IRU WKH JURZWK DQG agricultural lands abutting some forest areas.
development of wildlife, as it has been possible to People affected by animal damages often resort
interlink the protected areas facilitating carefree to retaliatory killing of animals by various
movement of wildlife over a larger landscape. means such as electrocution, shooting, snaring,
The conservation status of a protected area is trapping, poisoning, etc. A number of reasons
higher than that of a reserved forest. If any portion are attributed to the increasing trend of wild
of protected area (PA) is required for development animals straying out of their natural home and
purpose, it not only requires approval of the entering into villages, towns and agricultural
central government under Forest (Conservation) lands. Shortage of fodder or prey animals
Act, 1980 but would also require clearance from sometimes forces them to come out from forest.
the National Board for Wildlife under Wildlife &RQÁLFWLQJFURSSLQJSDWWHUQRQWKHIULQJHVRI WKH
(Protection) Act, 1972. Thus any proposal to use forests also entices the herbivores to stray out.
wildlife areas for non-forestry purpose would be Injured or aged carnivores come out looking for
subjected to greater scrutiny. easy prey. However, shrinkage or fragmentation
Most of the protected areas in the state are of wildlife habitat is the most important reason
JHQHUDOO\ ÁDQNHG RU VXUURXQGHG E\ UHVHUYHG for the animals to come out of their natural
forests (RF) which are under control and KDELWDW )UDJPHQWDWLRQLV FDXVHG E\ H[SDQGLQJ
management of the territorial wing of the Forest human settlements and cultivations, setting up
department. The reserved forests constitute buffer of infrastructures like dams, wide roads, busy
or cushion around the protected areas and railway lines, development projects, etc. Another
provide unhindered movement of wildlife. In view important reason for increasing man-animal
of the present conservation oriented approach FRQÁLFW GXH WR HOHSKDQW GHSUHGDWLRQ LV WKH
in managing forests, management principles disruption of the traditional migration routes of
adopted in the reserved forests now are almost elephants or loss of corridor.
similar to the management principles adopted in ,Q HOHSKDQW UHODWHG FRQÁLFWV LQ
protected areas. This has resulted in restoration Hassan district drew the attention of the
and improvement of the reserved forests as ideal public. Several protests were organized and public
wildlife habitat. Fire protection, soil and moisture representatives were highly critical of the Forest
conservation, assisted natural regeneration, department. There was pressure to capture
prevention of smuggling and poaching, etc. have all 25 wild elephants who established home
been given utmost priority in these areas. With the ranges in the fragmented forests of Alur range.
department increasingly adopting conservative The department had earlier captured one or
ways of forest management, working methods of two elephants and released them in far off areas
both territorial and wildlife wings have become like Cauvery wildlife sanctuary and Bandipur
almost similar, the focus being more on protection national park. Their movement was monitored
and development. To achieve better co-ordination and they were found to return to the place they
DPRQJ WKH RIÀFHUV RI WKH WZR ZLQJV LQ FDUU\LQJ were originally captured. In this background,
out protection related activities, the wildlife and pressure from public was to capture the entire
territorial divisions have been brought under group of elephants. Subsequently, applications
WKH VDPH FRQWUROOLQJ RIÀFHU QDPHO\ &KLHI ZHUHÀOHGLQWKH+RQ·EOH+LJK&RXUWRI.DUQDWDND
Conservator of Forests (CCF), at the circle level.
for capturing all the 25 elephants from Hassan
One area of concern with regard to wild- life and bring them to captivity. A Task Force,
management is the increase in the number of constituted to study the matter, recommended
49
incidents relating to PDQDQLPDO FRQÁLFW capturing and bringing the elephants to captivity.
The recommendation was accepted by the tribal families residing inside Nagarahole tiger
+RQ·EOH &RXUW DQG WKH HOHSKDQWV ZHUH FDSWXUHG reserve, about one third families (635) have been
and brought to captivity. Human death and crop rehabilitated outside the reserve by providing
HAND BOOK OF
facilities as per the rehabilitation package of the
KARNATAKA
losses came down for two years. However, slowly
the area has been occupied by some other herds National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA).
RIHOHSKDQWDQGWKHFRQÁLFWFDVHVKDYHSLFNHGXS Facilities for rehabilitation of another 200
again. This incident underscores the need for families are being developed. In respect of Bhadra
VHHNLQJ ORQJ WHUP VROXWLRQV VXFK DV H[SDQGLQJ tiger reserve, most of the families residing deep
animal habitats, linking protected areas, re- inside the reserve have been rehabilitated. In
establishing traditional animal corridors, etc. Kudremukh national park, out of about 1,400
so that the animals can move about in larger families, more than 200 families have already
landscapes freely and unobstructed as they had relocated and about 600 more families have given
done in the past. their willingness to move out. More than 100
families have also relocated from Anshi-Dandeli
Forest department has taken up various
tiger reserve and the process of relocation of
measures to reduce frequency of occurrence
another 200 families is in progress.
RI PDQDQLPDO FRQÁLFWV +DELWDW LPSURYHPHQW
works are carried out within the forests so that 7KH EHQHÀFLDO HIIHFWV RI UHORFDWLRQ IURP D
conditions are favorable even during the pinch protected area are clearly visible in Bhadra tiger
season when animals tend to move out looking reserve where the forest ecosystem has shown
for more conducive environment. Physical signs of tremendous recovery. The abandoned
barriers are erected along the forest boundaries SDGG\ ÀHOGV KDYH JUDGXDOO\ WXUQHG LQWR JUDVV
to prevent animals from straying. These barriers ODQGVDQGLWLVDFRPPRQVLJKWQRZWRÀQGODUJH
include elephant proof trenches, reinforced walls, herds of herbivores grazing in these open lands.
reinforced fencing with rails, etc. In recent years, Tiger sightings have increased in the reserve. The
the department has been receiving reasonably UHORFDWHGSHRSOHKDYHDOVREHHQJUHDWO\EHQHÀWWHG
liberal funds under a number of plan and non- because of improved agriculture and easy access
plan schemes for carrying out these works. In to civic amenities including education and health
order to mitigate the sufferings of the people due care. Similar positive developments have been
WR ZLOGOLIH GDPDJHV WLPHO\ SD\PHQWV RI H[JUDWLD noticed in Kudremukh national park and Anshi-
amounts for human death, cattle kill and crop/ Dandeli tiger reserve; while the vacated areas
property damages are made. The compensation have shown signs of ecological recovery, quality
amounts are fairly liberal and these are revised of life of the people who have opted to come
regularly. The latest policy of the government out from deep inside the forests has improved
is to purchase private lands situated in the considerably.
traditional elephant corridors. Even NGOs are Even though the Forest department is fully
encouraged to buy such lands and hand over to convinced that relocation of people from inside
Forest department to restore the corridors. WKH SURWHFWHG DUHDV LV EHQHÀFLDO WR ERWK SHRSOH
With regard to rehabilitation of people residing and forests, it has adopted a cautious approach
LQVLGHSURWHFWHGDUHDVWKH6WDWH*RYHUQPHQW·V towards rehabilitation and moved forward only
policy has been to encourage only voluntary in cases where people have shown willingness
relocation. Facilities for rehabilitation are to relocate. In respect of forest dwelling tribal
provided to those who wish to come out on their people, rights are conferred as per provisions of
free will. There are two types of habitations the Forest Rights Act. It must however be admitted
within the protected areas: the habitations inside that the process of relocation of people from the
Nagarahole and BRT tiger reserves are by forest protected areas has been somewhat unsettled
dwelling tribal people. However, the habitations by the Forest Rights Act. This is more palpable in
within Bhadra tiger reserve, Kudremukh national tiger reserves with higher concentration of tribal
park and Anshi-Dandeli tiger reserve are primarily population such as Nagarahole tiger reserve. The
small revenue pockets (private holdings) within tribal population in BRT tiger reserve is relatively
the protected areas inhabited mostly by non- small (400 families) and is thinly distributed in a
50 few pockets of the reserve. Considering that this
tribal and some tribal families. Out of about 2,000
small and scattered population is almost in organized manner across the state. The principal
sync with the forest ecosystem of the reserve, the focus of the Board is to monitor, facilitate and
Forest department, with concurrence of the NTCA, regulate eco-tourism and to ensure that eco-
INTRODUCTION
has not proposed any plan for relocation of the tourism does not degenerate into mass tourism in
people out of the reserve. However, the situation forest areas.
in Nagarahole is somewhat different with a tribal
7KHH[WHQW RIWRXULVP ]RQHZLWKLQHDFKWLJHU
population of more than 2,000 families. This
reserve has been kept below the limit of 20 per
number also appears to be increasing because of
cent of the area of the reserve as prescribed by
division of families and other reasons. As already
the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA).
mentioned, more than 600 families have already
Number of tourist vehicles permitted to enter for
been rehabilitated and another 200 families
safari is strictly monitored and kept within the
are being rehabilitated. At this juncture, some
carrying capacity of the reserve as prescribed by
families who had earlier given willingness to move
the NTCA. Private vehicles or vehicles owned by
out are now in two minds. Some of the already
private resorts are not allowed to ply within the
rehabilitated families appear inclined to go back
reserves. Tourists are ferried into the reserves for
WR WKH IRUHVWV EHFDXVH RI WKH SHUFHLYHG EHQHÀWV
safari either in vehicles of the park authorities or in
accruing out of the Forest Rights Act. Under
vehicles owned by M/s Jungle Lodges and Resorts
these circumstances, the relocation programme
(JLR) Ltd, a State Government Undertaking.
of Nagarahole tiger reserve has faced some
In order to ensure free movement of wildlife
operational hurdle.
within the protected areas, movement of vehicles
Another problem faced by the department in along highways or public roads passing through
respect of tiger reserves with sizeable tribal protected areas is regulated by establishing
population is about providing various civic FKHFNLQJ JDWHV DW HQWU\ DQG H[LW SRLQWV 6SHHG
amenities to the people who have been settled in breakers or rumble strips have been provided at
the forests as per the Forest Rights Act. These frequent intervals along these roads to slow down
activities, when carried out for a large number the speed of vehicles to avoid injury or death of
of families, result in serious disturbances to the DQLPDOV ZKLOH FURVVLQJ WKH URDGV 1LJKW WUDIÀF
wildlife ecosystem. With the winds of development along roads passing through wildlife areas are
blowing all around, life of a tribal family now is no stopped or regulated.
way different from the life of any other family in a
Government of Karnataka on 11-06-
town or a village. Large settlements deep inside
QRWLÀHG WKH Karnataka Forest Policy for
the tiger reserves affect the tranquility of these
conservation and development of forest in the
pristine habitats. In the interest of conservation
state. The policy guidelines include sustainable
of these unique natural assets, it is necessary to
forest management, raising forest productivity
evolve feasible and practical models which enable
through adoption of appropriate silvicultural
the tribal people to improve their socio-economic
systems, ensuring bio-diversity conservation,
condition without at the same time bringing the
maintenance of environmental balance through
SUHFLRXV DERGHV RI WKH PDJQLÀFHQW DQLPDO WR
protection and rehabilitation of degraded forests,
WKH EULQNRIH[WLQFWLRQ,WLV KRSHGWKDWSUDFWLFDO
adoption of appropriate soil conservation
directives and guidelines in this direction are
measures to improve availability and quality of
issued by the NTCA.
water, encouraging natural regeneration in
Regarding conduct of tourism within the all types of forests, conservation of wildlife and
protected areas and other forests. The objectives LWV KDELWDW UHGXFWLRQ RI PDQDQLPDO FRQÁLFW
of this policy were to further the cause of PDQDJHPHQW RI IRUHVW ZLWK VWDNHKROGHUV·
conservation of forest and wildlife. The Forest participation, planting trees in non-forest and
department wanted to permit wilderness tourism SULYDWH ODQGV WRLQFUHDVHDYDLODELOLW\ RI ÀUHZRRG
LQVSHFLÀF DUHDV RIQDWLRQDOSDUNVVDQFWXDULHV fodder, NTFP and small timber through appropriate
and forests, and use it as a tool of conservation. WHFKQRORJ\ DQG H[WHQVLRQ PHWKRGRORJLHVLQVLWX
In 2012-13, the Government of Karnataka set up DQGH[VLWXFRQVHUYDWLRQRIPHGLFLQDOSODQWVHWF
the Karnataka Eco-tourism Development Board The State Forest Policy is completely in conformity
51
to nurture and promote eco-tourism in an with the National Forest Policy, 1988.
7KHSROLF\KDVUHLWHUDWHGWKHVWDWHJRYHUQPHQW·V and Forest, Government of India in 2010 had set
stand of continuing with the ban on felling of XS DQ H[SHUW SDQHO QDPHO\ WKH Western Ghats
naturally growing trees. It has stipulated increase Ecology Expert Panel, also known as the Gadgil
HAND BOOK OF
in tempo of planting activities so as to reach Commission after its chairman Mr. Madhav
KARNATAKA
the national goal within ten years. The *DGJLO WR FRPSUHKHQVLYHO\ H[DPLQH YDULRXV
QHHG IRU H[SDQGLQJ WKH SURWHFWHG DUHD QHWZRUN issues relating to the Western Ghats region and
and creation of wildlife corridors to provide to submit a report with recommendations for
connectivity among various wildlife habitats has conservation and sustainable development of the
been highlighted. The policy has laid emphasis region. The panel had submitted its report during
on supporting and encouraging joint forest 2011. Important recommendations of the panel
planning and management (JFPM) in order to include constitution of a national-level authority,
GHYHORSGHJUDGHGIRUHVWV3UHSDUDWLRQRIVFLHQWLÀF the Western Ghats Ecology Authority (WGEA)
working plans for sustainable forest development and keeping about 64% of the geographical area
has been stressed. It has recommended adequate of the region under the Ecologically Sensitive
provision of resources and manpower to effectively Area (ESA) zones. As this report had evoked
implement the plans. The policy has suggested PL[HG UHVSRQVH DQG D ORW RI RSSRVLWLRQ IURP
that forestry planning and management should the local inhabitants as anti-development, the
aim at mitigation of the effects of climate change. MoEF in 2012 constituted one high level working
It has recommended that forest based industries group (HLWG) under the chairmanship of Mr. K.
should be encouraged to procure raw material Kasturirangan. The Kasturirangan committee
from plantations raised in institutional, private report submitted during 2013 has sought to
and other lands and the growers should be balance the two concerns of development and
provided incentives for tree planting. environment protection by bringing down the
environmental regulation regime proposed by
The thrust areas of the state forest policy are:
the earlier report. The Kasturirangan report
increasing tree planting throughout the state
seeks to bring 37% of the Western Ghats under
including in open urban areas, improving water
the ESA zone. The report is yet to be accepted
bodies inside forests by appropriate soil and
by the Ministry of Environment and Forests.
moisture conservation works, conservation and
Implementation of the recommendations of the
development of swamps, habitat improvement
report will have far reaching implications on the
works in protected areas, propagation of
forest of Karnataka, as considerable portion of
endangered plant species, forest consolidation,
the Western Ghats region is located in Karnataka.
development and modernization through GIS/MIS,
increasing staff strength, strengthening of survey National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries:
units, providing basic amenities and equipments The forests of Karnataka support a wide range
WR ÀHOG IXQFWLRQDULHV VWUHQJWKHQLQJ RI IRUHVW RI ÁRUD DQG IDXQD ELRGLYHUVLW\ WKURXJK D
protection, planting trees in rural and community network of well - connected and protected Wildlife
lands, increasing production of important species Sanctuaries and National Parks. The State has
of the state such as sandal, rosewood and various 5 National Parks and 30 Wildlife Sanctuaries
medicinal plants, encouraging people to plant covering an area of 9,586.02 sq. kms. Apart from
ÀUHZRRGIRGGHUDQGVPDOOWLPEHU\LHOGLQJ the National Parks and Sanctuaries, the State
species of their choice in their lands, establishment has 15 Conservation Reserves and 1 Community
of a dedicated publicity wing, encouraging forest Reserve comprising of 652.37 sq. kms. All
research works, etc. these areas form 23.57% of the total forest area.
These are spread over evergreen to scrub forests,
Considering the eco-sensitive nature of the
representing different ecosystems with rare and
Western Ghats region, the Ministry of Environment
endangered species of plants, animals and birds.
Forest and Tree Cover
Category Area (in sq. km.) % of Geographical Area
Tree Cover 5713 2.98
Forest Cover 37550 19.58
52
Total Forest & Tree Cover 43263 22.56
Wildlife Preservation: National Parks / Bird Sanctuaries/ Wildlife Sanctuaries
Sl. National Park / Wildlife Area (Sq.
Circle Division
No. Sanctuary Km)
INTRODUCTION
1 2 3 4 5
1. DCF, Bannerghatta
1. Bannerghatta National Park 260.51
National Park
1 CCF Bangalore Circle
2. DCF,Ramanagara 2. Ramadevara Betta Vulture
3.46
Dvn. Sanctuary
3. Adichunchanagiri Peacock
0.84
Wildlife Sanctuary
2 CCF, Mysore Circle. 3. DCF, WLD, Mysuru 4. Ranganathittu Bird Sanctuary 0.67
5. Arabithittu Wildlife Sanctuary 13.50
6. Melkote Wildlife Sanctuary 49.82
4. CF & Director
7. BRT Tiger Reserve 539.52
Chamarajanagar
5. DCF, Cauvery WLD,
3 CCF, Chamarajanagar Circle, 8. Cauvery Wildlife Sanctuary 1027.53
Kollegal
6. DCF M.M.Hills WLD, 9. Malai Mahadeshwara Wildlife
906.187
Kollegal Sanctuary
10. Pushpagiri Wildlife Sanctuary 102.92
4 CCF, Kodagu Circle 7. DCF, WLD, Madikeri 11. Talacauvery Wildlife Sanctuary 105.59
12. Bramhagiri Wildlife Sanctuary 181.29
13. Kudremukh National Park 600.57
8. DCF, Kudremukh 14. Someshwara Wildlife
CCF, Mangalore 314.25
5 WL Dvn, Karkala Sanctuary
Circle
15. Mookambika Wildlife
370.37
Sanctuary
CCF 16. Dandeli Tiger Reserve 886.41
APCCF, FDPT, 9. CCF & Director,
6 Shimoga
Shimoga Dandeli 17. Anshi Tiger Reserve 417.34
Circle
18. Shettihalli Wildlife Sanctuary 395.60
10. DCF, WL Dvn.,
7 CCF, Shimoga Circle Shivamogga 19. Sharavathi Wildlife
431.23
Sanctuary
20. Gudavi Bird Sanctuary 0.73
CCF Chik-
APCCF, FDPT, 11. CF & Director,
8 kamagaluru 21. Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary 500.16
Shimoga Bhadra T.R.
Circle
22. Ranebennur Blackbuck
12. ACF, WL Sub-Dvn, 119.00
9 CCF, Dharwad Circle Sanctuary
Ranebennur
23. Attiveri Bird Sanctuary 2.23
13. DCF, Ballari, (T) 24. Daroji Bear Sanctuary 82.72
14.DCF,Davanagere (T)
25. Rangayyadurga Four Horned
Dvn, Davanagere 77.23
Antelope Wildlife Sanctuary
10 CCF, Bellary Circle 15. DCF, Ballari
16. DCF, 26. Gudekote Sloth Bear
47.61
Chitradurga Sanctuary
27. Jogimatti Wildlife Sanctuary 100.48 53
17. CF & Director 28. Bandipur Tiger Reserve 872.24
APCCF Field Director Bandipur
11 29.Nugu Wildlife Sanctuary 30.32
Project Tiger, Mysuru. 18. CF & Director
HAND BOOK OF
KARNATAKA
Hunsur 30. Nagarahole Tiger Reserve 643.39
19. DCF, Belagavi (T 31. Bhimgad Wildlife Sanctuary 190.42
Dvn, Belagavi
32. Ghataprabha Bird Sanctuary 29.78
12 CCF, Belgaum Circle 20. DCF, Gokak (T) Dvn,
Gokak 33. Yadahalli Chinkara Wildlife
96.36
21. DCF, Bagalkote (T) Sanctuary
22. DCF, Kalaburagi (T)
13 CCF, Gulbarga Circle 34. Chincholi Wildlife Sanctuary 134.88
Dvn. kalaburagi
23. DCF, Tumakuru (T)
14 CCF, Hassan Circle 35. Thimlapura Wildlife Sanctuary 50.86
Dvn., Tumakuru
Total Area: 9,586.02
Wildlife Conservation Reserve & Community Reserves
Sl. Area (in Sq.
District Conservation / Committee Reserves
No. Km)
1 Haveri Bankapura Peacock Conservation Reserve 0.56
Mydhanahalli (Jayamangali) Black Buck
2 Tumakuru 3.23
Conservation Reserve.
3 Chikkamagaluru Basur Amruth Mahal Kaval Conservation Reserve 7.36
4 Uttar Kannada Hornbill Conservation Reserve 52.50
5 Uttar Kannada Aghanashini Conservation Reserve 299.52
6 Uttar Kannada Bedthi Conservation Reserve 57.30
7 Uttar Kannada Shalmala Riparian Eco-system Conservation Reserve 4.89
8 Ballari Thungabhdra Otter Conservation Reserve 20.00
9 Bengaluru Urban Puttenahalli Lake Birds Conservation Reserve 0.15
10 Gadag Magadi Kere Conservation Reserve 0.54
11 Mandya Melapura Bee Eater Bird Conservation Reserve 0.0318
12 Mandya Kokkare Bellur Community Reserve 3.12
13 Tumakuru Thimlapura Conservation Reserve 17.38
14 Gadag Kappathaguda Conservation Reserve 178.72
Ankasamudra Birds Conservation
15 Ballari 0.9876
Reserve (Hagari Bommanahalli Tq. )
16 Chamarajanagar Ummatthur Conservation Reserve 6.08
Total: 652.369
54 Grand Total 10,238.39
StDWH KDV RI WKH FRXQWU\·V (OHSKDQW Tiger Reserves and National parks during 2017-
population. As per 2012 population estimation, 18.
there are 6,072 elephants. The All India
(c) Revenue Realized from Forestry: The State
INTRODUCTION
Synchronized Elephant Population Estimation
has realized revenue to the tune of Rs.10745.40
was conducted during 2017-18 as per the directions
lakhs during 2018-19 (upto end of November
of Government of India, Ministry of Environment
2018) from marketing of forest produce such as
and Ecology & Climate Change, New Delhi (in
WLPEHU ÀUHZRRG VDQGDOZRRG EDPERRV FDQHV
Mysore Elephant Reserve and Bhadra Elephant
and other non timber forest produce.
Reserve, Karnataka). The Estimation Report is
still awaited. The State has 5 Tiger Reserves Developmental Programmes
and as per 2014 Tiger population estimation,
$ $IIRUHVWDWLRQ Afforestation programmes are
the State has 406 tigers. Eco-tourism Activities
being undertaken periodically. During 2017-18,
Information of visitors to National Parks/Wildlife
DUHD WR DQ H[WHQW RI KHFWDUHV KDV EHHQ
Sanctuaries: 1. Among the visitors to the
afforested by planting 465.06 lakh seedlings.
sanctuaries, 98.73% are domestic visitors while
Under the farm forestry 315.16 lakh seedlings
DUH IRUHLJQHUV 0D[LPXP QXPEHU RI
were distributed to farmers and general public
Foreigners visited to Nagarahole National Park
for planting in private lands. In 2018-19, upto
followed by Ranganathittu Bird Sanctuary and
the end of November-2018, 44,178 hectares have
Bandipur Tiger Reserve. 3. From this analysis
been covered by planting 275.34 lakh seedlings.
it is clear that some of the Protected Areas are
240.25 lakh seedlings have been distributed to
having high pressure of Eco-tourism while others
farmers and general public for planting in private
are under-utilized.
lands.
Therefore to reduce the pressure on the
% 'LVWULFW6HFWRU6FKHPHV
Protected Areas like Bandipura, Nagarahole etc.,
it is necessary that the less visited Protected 6RFLDO)RUHVWU\6FKHPH During the year 2017-18,
Areas like BRT, Bhadra, Dandeli and some other a budget provision of Rs.5265 lakh was provided,
Protected Areas may be provided with better Eco- 2XW RI ZKLFK H[SHQGLWXUH RI 5V ODNK
tourism facilities/infrastructure. Their potential incurred for raising 4275.57 ha of plantation, for
may also be given more publicity. Once they maintenance of 7098.86 ha of older plantation,
become popular they may also have more 4584.71 ha of advance work and for raising 32.93
tourists. This will help in sensitizing the people lakh seedlings. During the year 2018-19, raising of
and also creating awareness about the Wildlife 5786.38 ha of plantation, maintenance of 9081.38
conservation in the State. ha of older plantation, 109 ha of advance work,
raising of 13.389 lakh seedlings, maintenance of
(a) 'HDWKV RI KXPDQV DQG ZLOG DQLPDOV In the
21.94 lakh seedlings has been carried out upto the
year 2017-18, among the reported deaths of wild
HQGRI1RYHPEHUE\LQFXUULQJH[SHQGLWXUH
animals (due to natural and unnatural) elephants
of Rs.3276.01 lakh. In the year 2018-19, upto the
KDVWKHPD[LPXPQXPEHU IROORZHGE\
end of November 2018, 8 new buildings have been
other animals (47.13%) and tigers (4.46%). Due
constructed and maintenance of 39 old buildings
to attacks by wildlife, 35 persons were killed.
KDYHEHHQFDUULHGRXWE\LQFXUULQJH[SHQGLWXUHRI
([JUDWLDDW5VODNKVSHUSHUVRQDPRXQWLQJ
Rs.101.76 lakh.
to Rs. 175 lakhs was paid.
6WDWH6HFWRU3ODQ6FKHPHV
(b) Expenditure on wildlife development activities
L 6SHFLDO &RPSRQHQW 3ODQ The LPG gas
and Revenue realized from National parks and
connection, distribution of Solar Lamp was given
wildlife sanctuaries. Among the schemes of
WR WKH EHQHÀFLDULHV RI 6FKHGXOH FDVWH IDPLOLHV WR
the Forest Department concerning wildlife and
reduce the pressure on forest. In addition to this,
national parks, Long Term Measures to mitigate
%HHKLYHER[HVDUHDOVRJLYHQWRWKHPWRLPSURYH
0DQ$QLPDO &RQÁLFW LQFXUUHG DQ H[SHQGLWXUH
their economic conditions. Initiative is taken
of 48.39%, Project Tiger 30.62%, Integrated
Development of Wildlife Habitats 4.67%, Nature to maintain avenue plantations along the roads
conservation activities attracted 2.73% and leading to the colonies in habituated by Schedule
5V FURUH WRWDO H[SHQGLWXUH ZDV LQFXUUHG Caste population. During 2017-18, Rs.2940
towards Voluntary Rehabilitation of families from lakh was provided for implementing the above 55
SURJUDPPH 1RVRIEHQHÀFLDULHVKDYHEHHQ DERYHEHQHÀWKDVEHHQSURYLGHGWRWKHUHVSHFWLYH
LGHQWLÀHG 2XW RI WKH DOORFDWHG DPRXQW D VXP 67 EHQHÀFLDULHV 'XULQJ 5V ODNKV
of Rs.2923.58 lakh has been spent upto the end earmarked out of which Rs. 1535.24 lakhs will be
HAND BOOK OF
of March-2018 for providing 51576 Nos of LPG transferred to Food & Civil Supplies Department
KARNATAKA
JDV FRQQHFWLRQ %HHKLYH ER[HV KDYH EHHQ for distribution of LPG under Mukya Mantri Anila
distributed, 257 nos of Solar Lamps have been %KDJ\D<RMDQHWRWKH6&EHQHÀFLDULHVUHVLGLQJLQ
GLVWULEXWHGDQGQR·VRIWUDLQLQJFRQGXFWHGIRU the fringes of the forests. Remaining amount of
bee-keeping (25 member per training). The above 5VODNKVVKDOOEHXWLOL]HGIRUUHÀOOLQJRI
EHQHÀW KDV EHHQ SURYLGHG WR WKH UHVSHFWLYH 6& gas cylinders, providing solar lamps, solar water
EHQHÀFLDULHV 'XULQJ 5V ODNKV KHDWHUVEHHKLYHER[HVDQGEDPERRVFRQGXFWLQJ
earmarked out of which Rs. 1513.87 lakhs will be bee keeping training and training for preparation
transferred to Food & Civil Supplies Department of handicrafts items from bamboos, gas booking
for distribution of LPG under Mukya Mantri Anila through mobile and minor forest produce training.
%KDJ\D <RMDQH WR WKH 6& EHQHÀFLDULHV UHVLGLQJ
iv) 8QVSHQW 6&63763 DPRXQW DV SHU WKH
in the fringes of the forests. Remaining amount
6&63763 $FW 763 During 2017-18,
RI 5V ODNKV VKDOO EH XWLOL]HG IRU UHÀOOLQJ
Rs.9.00 lakh was provided for implementing the
of gas cylinders, providing solar lamps, solar
programme and the same was utilized upto end
ZDWHUKHDWHUVEHHKLYHER[HVDQGFRQGXFWLQJEHH
of March 2018 by providing 215 LPG Connections
keeping, gas booking through mobile and minor
WR WKH EHQHÀFLDULHV )LQDQFLDO DVVLVWDQFH RI 5V
forest produce training.
28.00 lakhs have been allocated out of which
LL 8QVSHQW 6&63763 DPRXQW DV SHU WKH 5V ODNKV VKDOO EH XWLOLVHG IRU UHÀOOLQJ RI
6&63763 $FW 6&3 During 2017-18, LPG cylinders during 2018-19 for the Schedule
Rs.18.00 lakh was provided for implementing FDVWH EHQHÀFLDULHV $V SHU WKH *RYW RUGHU QR
WKH SURJUDPPH 1RV RI EHQHÀFLDU\ KDYH FEE 02 FDS 2017, Bengaluru dated 09.10.2018
EHHQLGHQWLÀHGIRU/3*JDVFRQQHFWLRQ)LQDQFLDO remaining amount of Rs.15.33 lakhs has been
assistance of Rs. 52.00 lakhs has been allocated withdrawn from this budget head and reallocated
out of which Rs.14.67 lakhs shall be utilisied to the SMAF programme to take up the state SCP
IRU UHÀOOLQJ RI /3* F\OLQGHUV GXULQJ IRU activities.
WKH6FKHGXOHFDVWHEHQHÀFLDULHV$VSHUWKH*RYW
Y 6LULFKDQGDQD 9DQD Protection and
order no. FEE 02 FDS 2017, Bengaluru dated
maintenance of Sandalwood plantation and
09.10.2018 remaining amount of Rs.37.33 lakhs
naturally grown sandalwood trees area through
has been withdrawn from this budget head and
erection of chain link mesh, watch and ward, soil
reallocated to the SMAF programme to take up
working, cultural operation and other protective
the state SCP activities.
measures are taken up. In the year 2017-18,
LLL 7ULEDO 6XE3ODQ The LPG gas connection, Rs.522.69 lakh has been earmarked, out of which
distribution of Solar Lamp was given to the Rs.516.46 lakhs has been spent upto the end of
EHQHÀFLDULHVRI6FKHGXOH7ULEHIDPLOLHVWRUHGXFH March-2018 towards creation of 131 ha plantation,
the pressure on forest. In addition to this, Bee- maintenance of 638 ha. Plantation,1019 ha. for
KLYHER[HVDUHDOVRJLYHQWRWKHPWRLPSURYHWKHLU Advance work, 1.08kms erection of Chainlink
economic conditions. Initiative is taken to maintain mesh, Maintenance of 20 dogs. Maintenance of
raise avenue plantations along the roads leading 38.50 km Inspection path, maintenance of 138.50
to the colonies inhabituated by Schedule Tribe NPÀUHOLQHVHQJDJLQJDQGPDLQWHQDQFHRIQRV
Caste population. During 2017-18, Rs.3676.00 of watchman, maintenance of 2.69 lakh seedlings
lakh was provided for implementing the above and raising of 6.64 lakh sandal seedlings. In the
SURJUDPPH 1RV RI EHQHÀFLDU\ KDYH EHHQ year 2018-19, Rs.632.76 lakh has been earmarked
LGHQWLÀHG2XWRIWKHDOORFDWHGDPRXQWDVXPRI out of this Rs.209.36 lakhs has been spent upto
Rs.3671.97 lakh has been spent upto the end of the end of November 2018 for recruiting and
March-2018 for providing 66672 Nos of LPG gas maintaining the watchers, maintaining the dogs,
connection, 104 nos of Solar Lamp, 2858 bee hive maintenance of 1019 ha. plantations, seedlings,
ER[HVKDYHEHHQGLVWULEXWHGWRWKHUHVSHFWLYH67 LQVSHFWLRQSDWKVÀUHOLQHVPDLQWHQDQFHUDLVLQJRI
56 EHQHÀFLDULHV)XUWKHUQRVEHHKLYHWUDLQLQJ plantation, distribution of 6.64 lakh seedlings and
members per training) have been conducted. The raising of 11.039 lakh sandal seedlings.
YL 'HYHORSPHQWRI'HJUDGHG)RUHVWV Under this implementing various afforestation programmes.
scheme, degraded forests are rejuvenated through Since the target of afforestation and tree planting
afforestation, besides soil and water conservation is very high, planting must be done in a massive
INTRODUCTION
measures. Wherever there is adequate rootstock, scale. This can be achieved successfully by
such areas are protected from biotic pressure voluntary involvement of farmers, public and
thereby encouraging natural regeneration. NGOs. To enlist the co-operation of farmers and
Alternatively, plantations are raised in other areas general public in the noble task of increasing tree
based on the requirement of small timber, fuel cover, Government of Karnataka has launched
wood and fodder. In the year 2017-18, Rs.1441.36 a programme titled “Krishi Aranya Prothsaha
lakhs has been earmarked out of which Rs.1414.33 Yojane” from the year 2011. As per the guidelines
lakh has been spent upto the end of March-2018 of the programme, the farmers may obtain the
for raising of 899 ha, plantation, maintenance seedlings at subsidized rates at nearest nurseries
of 949.59ha. older plantations and 4561.99 ha. of the department. Seedlings so obtained be
advance work. In the year 2018-19, Rs.1332.14 planted in their lands and nurtured, At the end of
lakh has been earmarked out of which Rs.555.04 ÀUVWVHFRQG WKLUG\HDUDQLQFHQWLYHRI5V
lakh has been spent upto the end of November Rs.30/-, & Rs.40/- respectively will be paid to the
2018 for raising of 4727 ha. Plantation and EHQHÀFLDU\ IRU HDFK VXUYLYHG VHHGOLQJ %HVLGHV
maintenance of 1480.59 ha. older plantations. provision has been made to utilize the usufructs
E\WKHEHQHÀFLDULHV
vii) 5DLVLQJ RI 6HHGOLQJV IRU 3XEOLF 'LVWULEXWLRQ
Seedlings have been raised for public distribution Further, iQWHUHVWHG RUJDQL]DWLRQV 1*2·V
and to implement the programme “Krishi Aranya 9)&·V DQG ('&·V PXVW HQURO LQ WKH UHVSHFWLYH
Protsaha Yojane (KAPY)”. Forest Divisions of their jurisdiction in order to
participate in this programme. Those who have
D 5DLVLQJ RI 6HHGOLQJV IRU 3XEOLF 'LVWULEXWLRQ
enrolled have to visit the villages of the respective
Under this Scheme, seedlings are being raised for
Forest Divisions and appraise the farmers about
Distribution to Public, Farmers and organizations
WKHEHQHÀWVRIWKHVFKHPHDQGPRWLYDWHWKHPWR
at subsidized rates through VFCs to plant in their
participate and enrol them in this programme.
lands. For this purpose, seedlings of suitable local
Besides, they must be informed timely about
species as per the demand are raised in 6”X9” and
H[FDYDWLRQ RI SLWV DQG RWKHU IRUHVWU\ RSHUDWLRQV
8”X12” sized bags every year by the department.
To guide them for obtaining the seedlings at
In the year 2017-18, an allocation of Rs. 3351.72
the right time and planting the same. Besides,
lakh was earmarked for implementation of this
scheme and KAPY programme. But with the rendering all assistance to the departmental
savings amount of different programmes under RIÀFHUVVWDIIDQGRUJDQLVDWLRQVGXULQJHYDOXDWLRQ
this scheme has been utilized by distributing to of the survived seedlings planted by the farmers
WKH HOLJLEOH EHQHÀFLDU\ IRU LQFHQWLYH SD\PHQW under this programme. Service charges of Rs. 5/-
Hence, Rs.3380.51 lakhs has been spent upto will be paid as mentioned below for a period of
the end of March-2018 towards maintenance of \HDUV WR WKH RUJDQL]DWLRQV 1*2·V 9)&·V DQG
173.56 lakh seedlings for distributing the same ('&·VZKRZLOOPRWLYDWHWKHIDUPHUVWRSODQWWKH
to the public, farmers and Organisations at saplings in their land under this programme.
subsidized rate in 2017 monsoon and 149.99 lakh ,Q WKH ÀUVW \HDU 5V SHU SODQWHG VHHGOLQJ ZLOO
seedlings have been raised for distribution during EH SDLG WR WKH EHQHÀFLDU\ IRU KDYLQJ SODQWHG LQ
2018 monsoon. In the year 2018-19, an allocation their agricultural land; In the second, third and
of Rs.3147.76 lakh is earmarked, out of which fourth years Re 1/- for each survived seedling
Rs.601.92 lakhs has been spent upto the end of will be paid every year. During 2017-18, 75.44
November 2018 towards maintenance of 149.99 lakhs seedlings has been distributed to 18614
lakh seedlings and same distributed in 2018 rains nos registered farmers. From 2014-15 to 2016-
to Public, Farmers, organizations at subsidized 17, Rs. 1150.44 lakhs incentives have been
rates and raising of 178.92 lakhs seedlings. given to the registered farmers for 8014.91 lakhs
survived seedlings. Rs.57.11 lakhs service charge
E .ULVKL $UDQ\D 3URWKVDKD <RMDQH As per is given to the registered organizations through
National Forest Policy of 1988, 33% of the
whom the farmers have obtained the saplings to
Geographical area must be under forest and tree
plant in their lands. In the Govt order No. FEE 57
cover. To achieve the goal, the Department is
94 FAP 2017 dated 19.06.2017 incentive has avenue plantations along the roads leading to the
been enhanced to Rs.100 applicable from 2018 colonies inhabited by Schedule Tribe population.
for the seedlings planted during 2017-18 to the
ix) A Tree for every child and a park for every
HAND BOOK OF
IDUPHUVDWWKHUDWHRI5VLQWKHÀUVWDQGVHFRQG
KARNATAKA
VFKRRO 0DJXYLJRQGX PDUD 6KDOHJRQGX YDQD
year and Rs 40/- during third year amounting to
In order to create awareness regarding ecology
Rs. 100 for each survived seedlings out of the
and environment among school children and
seedling planted during 2017 rains.
to encourage them to plant trees voluntarily.
YLLL 5RDGVLGH 3ODQWDWLRQ 6FKHPH Karnataka Open areas around educational Institutions will
State has an area of about 4000 Km National EH LGHQWLÀHG IRU SODQWLQJ VHHGOLQJV E\ SURYLGLQJ
Highway, 21,000 Km State Highway and 38,000 seedlings at subsidized rate to school authorities
Km Districts Roads. Under various afforestation for planting. Schools from the primary level,
programmes, about 15000 km of roadside planting colleges and even universities are involved. In the
has been taken up by the forest department since year 2017-18, Rs.50.00 lakh has been earmarked,
1980. From 2000 onward many trees have been and spent towards distribution of 4.323 lakhs
felled for the purpose of widening roads. The seedlings to school children and to raise plantation
department has felt the urgency to take up road in the premises of school/college/universities
side plantations in all the districts under the during 2018 rains and for raising of 3.27 lakh
roadside plantation scheme from 2011-12. During seedling. During 2018-19, Rs.44.63 lakhs has
2017-18, Rs.3194.07 lakh has been earmarked been allocated, out of which Rs.9.57 lakhs has
out of which Rs. 3179.34 lakh has been spent up been utilized upto end of November 2018 towards
to the end of March-2018 for raising of 597.50 km maintenance of 3.265 lakhs seedlings and raising
monsoon plantation and maintenance of 4119.90 of 2.483 lakhs seedlings for distribution to school
km older plantations works along the road side children during 2019 rains. 2.153 lakh seedlings
and advance works of 1252.40 kms. During 2018- have been raised upto end of November 2018.
19, Rs.2034.37 lakh has been earmarked out of
Talukigondu Hasiru Shala Vana” (Green school
which Rs.729.82 lakh has been spent upto the
for each Taluka): To implement this scheme in
end of November-2018 for raising of 382.00 kms
the relevant taluks, government primary/higher
roadside plantation and maintenance of 3099 km
primary/high school/colleges within a distance of
roadside plantations.
about 3 to 5 kms to the forest area having own
5RDGVLGH3ODQWDWLRQ 6SHFLDO&RPSRQHQW3ODQ land or the schools which are having minimum
This scheme is in progress from 2011-12. The 3 to 5 acres of government land will be selected.
main objective of the scheme is to raise avenue Seedlings of naturally grown and nelli, nerale,
plantations along the roads leading to the colonies mango etc which are nutritious and medicinal
inhabited by Schedule Caste population. In the value, useful to the school children are being grown
year 2017-18 an allocation of Rs. 288.55 has been in co-ordination with students and education
allocated and Rs 276.35 lakh was spent upto the department. This program is implemented for
end of March 2018 for maintenance of 1203.46 a period of 5 years from 2015-16. In the year
kms plantation. During 2018-19, Rs.197.52 lakh 2017-18, Rs.30.00 lakh has been allocated and
is allocated for maintenance of 582.62 kms avenue released. The same has been utilized to implement
plantations along the roads leading to the colonies the programme in the concerned districts.
inhabited by Schedule Caste population.
[ *UHHQLQJRI8UEDQ$UHDV The main objective
5RDGVLGH 3ODQWDWLRQ 7ULEDO 6XE 3ODQ This of this scheme is to minimize effects of pollution
scheme is in progress from 2011-12. The main caused due to high intensity of population,
objective of the scheme is to raise avenue vehicles and industries in urban areas by planting
plantations along the roads leading to the colonies ornamental, shade and fruit-bearing trees. Tree
inhabited by Schedule Tribe population. In the parks, woodlots and avenue plantations are
year 2017-18 an amount of Rs.123.28 lakh has also established in towns and cities to improve
been allocated and Rs.116.87 lakhs has been aesthetics. In the year 2017-18, Rs.3497.45 lakh
spent upto the end of March 2018 for maintenance has been earmarked out of which, Rs. 3458.47
of 543.39 plantation. During 2018-19, Rs.94.56 lakh has been spent upto the end of March-2018,
58
lakh is allocated for maintenance of 254 Kms for raising of 937 ha. plantations, maintenance
of 8909 ha. older plantations, besides raising 2017-18 Rs.75.60 lakh has been released
of 6.47 lakh seedlings. In the year 2018-19, out of which Rs.75.58 lakh was utilized for
Rs.2705.24 lakh has been earmarked out of raising of 130 ha plantation, Maintenance of 160
INTRODUCTION
which, Rs. 1046.92 lakh has been spent upto the ha. plantation, maintenanFH RI µ[µ
end of November - 2018, for raising 1084 ha. of seedlings for distribution and facilitation activities
plantations, maintenance of 8076.48 ha. of older have been implemented. During 2018-19, Rs.
plantations and 6.47 lakh seedlings. 54.94 lakh was earmarked out of which Rs. 25.90
lakh was released and Rs.12.10 lakh was spent
[L 6DPUXGGD+DVLUX*UDPD<RMDQH 6+*< The
upto end of November 2018 for maintenance of
Government is implementing “Samrudda Hasiru
130 ha. Plantation and for facilitation activities.
Grama Yojane” in the selected villages across the
VWDWHRQH[SHULPHQWDOEDVLVWRPDNHYLOODJHVVHOI [LY 'HYHORSPHQW RI 7UHH 3DUNV DQG 8UEDQ
reliant. Accordingly, 80 Village Forest Committees )RUHVWV In order to provide better environment
9)&·V ZHUH VHOHFWHG IRU LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ 7KH to public in urban areas, it is envisaged to setting-
objectives of the scheme are as; To enhance up of 4 urban forest parks near Bengaluru city
the natural resource base and the development and 30 such forest parks near each of District
of forests and their conservation, raising up Headquarters in the state during 2011. The
plantations works are being implemented.; To tree park development works is taken up in the
recharge and enhance the availability of ground PLQLPXP DFUHV DQG PD[LPXP DFUHV
water through Soil and Moisture Conservation limitation of the area in the districts / taluks
Works.; To reduce the dependency on forest which are near to the cities pertaining to forest
UHVRXUFHV DQG WR SURPRWH HQHUJ\ HIÀFLHQW or non-forest areas and other community lands.
lifestyle by the villagers, the distribution of Gobar During the year 2017-18, Rs. 2453.80 lakh has
Gas, Sarala vole, LPG etc., works are being been released under this scheme out of which
implemented. During 2017-18, Rs.115.26 lakh Rs.2436.30 lakh has been spent for construction
was released out of which Rs. 115.16 lakh was of 34 nos Salumarada Thimmakka tree parks and
utilized for 350 ha. Raising of plantation, 225 ha. maintenance 56 nos of tree parks. Further, Rs.
maintenance of plantation and maintenance of 700 lakh was released under the budget head
QRVµ[µVHHGOLQJVIRUGLVWULEXWLRQ,QWKH
2406-01-102-1-KFDF-03-139 Major Works out of
year 2018-19 Rs. 54.1 lakh have been allocated
which Rs. 699.50 lakh was utilized for creation
out of which Rs. 24.00 lakh have been utilized
of 16 nos Salumarada Thimmakka tree parks.
upto end of November 2018 for maintenance of
During 2018-19, Rs.1457.30 lakh was allocated
350 ha plantation and maintenance of 10,000
out of which Rs. 552.00 was released from which
QRVµ[µVHHGOLQJVIRUGLVWULEXWLRQ
Rs.347.30 was spent upto end of November 2018
[LL 7DOXNLJRQGX +DVLUX *UDPD <RMDQH 2QH for 84 tree parks maintenance, creation of 1 tree
*UHHQ 9LOODJH IRU HDFK 7DOXND During 2015- park and development of 85 tree parks.
16 budget speech, a new scheme called
[Y 'HYDUDNDGX '\YLYDQD Devarakadu Forests
“Talukigondu Hasiru Grama Yojane” was
DUH YHU\ XQLTXH DQG VLJQLÀFDQW IURP UHOLJLRXV
announced. The scheme envisages developing one
and Eco-systems points. This scheme has been
model village with green technology in each taluk.
introduced to conserve the valuable Eco-systems
In the year 2017-18, Rs. 109.26 lakh has been
in their pristine conditions as sacred groves and
released out of this Rs. 108.93 lakh was utilized
allowing them to have their natural evolutionary
for raising of 440 ha plantation, maintenance
process to continue without any disturbance and
of 170 ha. plantation, maintenance of 97,300
this scheme has been started to construct and
µ[µ VHHGOLQJV IRU GLVWULEXWLRQ 'XULQJ
develop one Daivivana at every district. In the
19 Rs. 45.20 lakh was allocated out of which Rs.
year 2017-18, under the scheme “Devarakadu
22.60 lakh was released in which Rs. 17 lakh
H[SHQGLWXUH ZDV LQFXUUHG XSWR HQG RI 1RYHPEHU Development and Conservation Plan” Rs. 300
2018 for maintenance of 610 ha older plantation. lakh was released out of which Rs. 294.99 lakh
was utilized for the protection and development of
[LLL 9LOODJH )RUHVW &RPPLWWHHV This scheme 19 nos new and 23 nos old Devarakadu. During
is being implemented from 2013-14 for 2018-19, Rs 100 lakh was allocated out of which
59
Revitalization of 150 inactive VFCs. In the year Rs.46.00 lakh was released from which Rs.15.40
lakh was spent upto end of November 2018 for 2406-02-110-0-53-GIM-139-Major works. GOI
development of 42 nos old Devarakadu. has approved the programme for Rs.719.14 lakh
in the ratio of 60:40 (Central share 60% and
[YL 0HGLFLQDO 3ODQWV &RQVHUYDWLRQ $UHDV
HAND BOOK OF
State share 40%) and released Rs.323.61 lakh
KARNATAKA
0HGLFLQDO 3ODQWV 'HYHORSPHQW $UHDV 03&$
to State Government. Inturn, State Government
03'$ Under the Scheme revitalization of
has released Rs.539.35 lakh to the department
MPCA & MPDA in the forest areas components
including its share of Rs.215.74 lakh being the
are being implemented. The development and
40% of its share. This amount has been distributed
PDLQWHQDQFHZRUNVRIWKHQRVLGHQWLÀHG03&$
WRWKHLPSOHPHQWLQJRIÀFHUVIRU$GYDQFH:RUNRI
is implemented. During 2017-18, Rs. 75 lakh was
2095 ha. 2580 ha of 1st year maintenance, 2750
released for the development and maintenance of ha of 2nd year maintenance, 320 ha of 3rd year
the 17 nos MPCA &MPDA out of which Rs.74.80 maintenance of plantations. In the year 2018-
lakh was spent upto end of March 2018. In 19, a budget provision of Rs.900 lakh has been
the year 2018-19, Rs. 35 lakh is earmarked. made in the State Budget for implementing the
$V SHU WKH *RYW RUGHU 1R )' ([S scheme under National Afforestation Programme
dated 16.07.2018 it is ordered to directly avail and Green India Mission, GOI has approved the
the service of a Foundation for Revitalisation of programme for Rs.632.86 lakh in the ratio of
Local Health Traditions, Bengaluru (FRLHT), 60:40 (Central share 60% and State share 40%)
ZLWK DQ H[SHQGLWXUH RI 5V ODNK IRU UDSLG and accorded sanction for release of Rs.695.75
assessment of population of conservation concern lakh and released Rs.686.63 lakh by adjusting
species at Medicinal Plants Conservation Areas in Rs.9.12 lakh which is in the KSFDA Account as
Karnataka. unspent amount to the State Government which
Centrally Sponsored Schemes and Central includes 379.72 lakh being the Central share of
Plan Schemes: 60% of Approved APO as 1st instalment, Pending
payment of Rs.97.38 lakh for 2015-16, Rs.110.81
L 1DWLRQDO $IIRUHVWDWLRQ 3URJUDPPH)RUHVW
lakh for 2016-17 and Rs.107.84 lakh being the 2nd
'HYHORSPHQW $JHQF\ 1$3)'$ The scheme
instalment of 2017-18 amounting to Rs.316.03
titled National Afforestation Programme (NAP)
lakh. In turn, the State Government has released
has been formulated by merger of four 9th Plan Rs.900 lakhs including its share of Rs.213.37
Centrally Sponsored Afforestation schemes of lakh.
the Ministry of Environment and Forests. The
scheme is operated by the National Afforestration LL 1DWLRQDO$JUR)RUHVWU\DQG%DPERR0LVVLRQ
and Eco-Development Board (NAEB), Ministry The Department of Agricultural and Co-
of Environment and Forest (MOEF) as a 100% operation, GOI has launched a new Centrally
Central Sector Scheme. The scheme involves two Sponsored Scheme titled National Bamboo
tier set up namely Forest Development Agency Mission with 100% Central assistance from 2007-
at the division/district level and Joint Forest 08 onwards. The main objective of the Scheme
0DQDJHPHQW &RPPLWWHHV -)0&·V DW WKH YLOODJH is to develop bamboo in forest lands through
level. In Karnataka, NAP is being implemented )RUHVW 'HYHORSPHQW $JHQFLHV )'$·V ZLWK WKH
from 2002-03, under 10th and 11th year plan in support of Joint Forest Management Committees
)'$·VZLWKWKHIROORZLQJREMHFWLYHV -)0&·V DQGLQQRQIRUHVWDUHDVWKURXJK%DPERR
'HYHORSPHQW $JHQFLHV %'$·V ,Q WKH \HDU
1. Sustainable development and management of 2017-18, Rs.210 lakh has been provided in the
Forest resources. 2. Increase and improve forest State Budget. The GOI has approved the work
and tree cover. 3. Rehabilitation of degraded programme for Rs.210 lakh towards Maintenance
forest and other areas by institutionalizing of plantation and released Rs.94.50 lakh as 1st
decentralized participatory forest management and 2nd instalment to State Government in the ratio
and supplementing livelihood improvement 60:40. In turn the State Government has released
process. In the year 2017-18, a budget Rs.157.50 lakh to the Department including
provision of Rs.900 lakh has been provided in its share of Rs.63 lakh. This amount has been
the State Budget for implementing the scheme GLVWULEXWHGWRWKHLPSOHPHQWLQJRIÀFHUVIRUnd year
under National Afforestation Programme and maintenance of 2000 ha plantations raised during
60
Green India Mission under the budget head 2015-16. In the year 2018-19, the Government of
India has restructured National Bamboo Mission in and around forests. This programme is under
programme and approved the work programme implementation in Kalaburagi, Hassan and Sirsi
for Rs.2787.70 lakh in the sharing pattern of forest divisions since 2015-16. In the year 2017-
INTRODUCTION
60:40(Central share Rs.1672.64 lakh and State 18 a budget provision of Rs.900 lakh has been
share Rs.1115.08 lakh) and released Rs.1000 provided in the State Budget for implementing the
lakh as 1st instalment to the State Government. scheme under National Afforestation Programme
and Green India Mission under the budget head
iii) Conservation and Management of 2406-02-110-0-53-GIM-139-Major works. In the
0DQJURYHV The main objective of the scheme is year 2017-18 Government of India has approved
to check and prevent sea erosion in the coastal the programme for Rs.93.90 lakh in the ratio of
region. Under this scheme, activities like raising 60:40 towards maintenance of 760 ha. of 1st year
of mangrove plantations, maintenance of older plantations and accorded sanction for release
mangrove plantations in coastal Divisions, of Rs.42.25 lakh and released Rs.41.12 lakh by
besides creating awareness, training and adjusting Rs.1.13 lakh which is in the KSFDA
publicity among the local population are Account as unspent amount and accorded
being undertaken. This Programme is being sanction for release of Rs.45.74 lakh and released
implemented in Honnavara, Mangaluru, Karwar Rs.44.61 lakh again by adjusting Rs.1.13 lakh
and Kundapur Divisions. In the year 2017-18 a which is in the KSFDA Account as unspent
budget provision of Rs.167 lakh has provided in amount. Amounting to Rs.85.73 lakh to the
the State Budget. APO for Rs.221.16 lakh has been State Government, Inturn the State Government
submitted to Government of India for approval has released Rs.144.39 lakh to the department
for implementing the programme in Honnavar, including its share of Rs.58.66 lakh. This amount
Karwar and Kundapur divisions. The Government has been released to the above 3 divisions for
of India has approved the work programme of H[HFXWLQJWKHDSSURYHGZRUNV,QWKH\HDU
Honnavar and Karwar for Rs.109.13 lakh in the 19, a budget provision of Rs.900 lakh has been
ratio 60:40 and released Rs.52.38 lakh being its made in the State Budget for implementing the
share of 60% to the State Government. In turn, scheme under National Afforestation Programme
the State Government has released Rs.87.30 lakh and Green India Mission Proposal for Rs.397.62
to the department including its share of Rs.34.92 Lakh has been sent to Government of India for
lakh, the same has been released to Honnavar approval.
DQG.DUZDUGLYLVLRQVWRLQFXUWKHH[SHQGLWXUH Y &66 ,QWHQVLÀFDWLRQ RI )RUHVW 0DQDJHPHQW
The Central Government has revalidated Rs.8.70 6FKHPH During the year 2017-18, an amount
lakh being the unspent amount of Kundapur of Rs.172.68 lakh has been released under this
Division for the year 2016-17. The same has scheme. Out of which an amount of Rs.168.46
spent by Kundapur division. In the year 2018-19, lakhs has been spent upto end of March-2018
a budget provision of Rs.343 lakh has provided in IRU PDLQWHQDQFH RI .P ÀUH OLQHV LQ IRUHVW
the State Budget. APO for Rs.343 lakh has been DUHDV ÀUH SURWHFWLRQ FDPS HQJDJLQJ
submitted to Government of India for approval ÀUH ZDWFKHUV FRQVWUXFWLRQ RI VL[ ZDWHU VWRUDJH
for implementing the programme in Honnavar, structures in Dharwad and Kalaburagi Circles.
Karwar, Mangaluru and Kundapur divisions. During 2018-19, this scheme has been renamed
The Government of India has approved the work as Forest Fire Prevention and Management
programme of all these 4 divisions amounting to Scheme and Rs.425 lakh have been earmarked
Rs.245.33 lakh in the ratio 60:40 and transferred for this scheme. The GoI has approved the APO
Rs.107.848 lakh being its share of 60% to the SB for Rs.219.53 lakh and Rs. 172.38 lakh has been
$FFRXQWRIPDLQWDLQLQJRIÀFH released to the Department and this amount will
EHVSHQWIRUPDLQWHQDQFHRI NPÀUHOLQHV
LY *UHHQ ,QGLD 0LVVLRQ The main objective of
QRVÀUHSURWHFWLRQFDPSVHQJDJLQJÀUH
the scheme is to increase forest/tree cover in
ZDWFKHUVÀUHWUDFLQJZRUNVSXUFKDVHRIORJLVWLFV
IRUHVWQRQIRUHVWODQGVWRDQH[WHQWRIPLOOLRQ
DQGÀUHÀJKWLQJHTXLSPHQWVFRQVWUXFWLRQRIZDWHU
ha in total. To provide Improve eco-system
VWRUDJH VWUXFWXUHV ÀUH PDSSLQJ SUHSDUDWLRQ RI
services including bio-diversity, Hydrological
ÀUHSURWHFWLRQSODQVDQGWUDLQLQJRIVWDIIE\)LUH
services etc., to increase forest based livelihood
Force Department in Dharwad, Kalaburagi and 61
income of about 3 million households residing
Mangaluru Circles.
vi) Nagaravana 8G\DQ <RMDQH ´1DJDUDYDQD the public, action has been taken for its wide
Udyan Yojane” Scheme is implemented from 2015- publicity through radio, television, advertisement
16 to create parks in cities within Mahanagar in newspapers, road shows, displaying pamphlets,
distribution of printed hand bills etc. The details
HAND BOOK OF
Palike and Class-I cities. During 2016-17 for the
KARNATAKA
total area of 500 ha. In 6 cities coming under of the programme proposed to be implemented
Mahanagara Palike area and Class-I cities, as under this scheme during 2018-19 is shown in
per guidelines Rs 2.00 lakh per ha. an amount of Table 8.21. 13.38 lakhs seedlings are raised upto
Rs.1,000 lakh for 500 ha for 5 cities pertaining to end of November 2018.
Mahanagar Palike and Class-I cities out of the said
,,5LYHU&RQVHUYDWLRQ In the year 2018-19, a new
amount Rs. 800 lakh central share and Rs. 200
scheme titled Conservations of Rivers has been
lakh state share. The Central Govt has released
announced and a budget provision of Rs.10.00
Rs.400 lakh and the State Govt has released crore is provided. Under this programme action is
Rs.100 lakh. Out of the released amount Rs. being taken to bring awareness to conserve rivers.
398.60 lakh of central share and Rs.20 lakh state This programme is proposed to be implemented
share was utilized. The balance was surrendered. in various forest divisions coming under 13
During 2017-18, Rs. 80 lakh was released and Forest circles by planting seedlings in watershed
the same has been utilized. During 2018-19, areas of the various rivers. State Government in
Rs.355.60 lakh was provided and Rs. 215.11 lakh their order No FEE 60 FAP 2018, dated 14-08-
was released out of which Rs. 125 lakh was spent 2018 has accorded sanction for Rs.10 crore for
upto November 2018 for the implementation of implementing the programme under Budget head
components in the Nagaravana in the Mahanagar 2406-01-111-02-84-059. Initially it was decided
Palike area and class-1 cities of 5 Districts as per to implement this programme in the area of
guidelines (Central Share 80% and State Share WKH ULYHU 0DODSUDEKD ÁRZLQJ LQ 'KDUZDG DQG
20%). Belagavi circles and in the areas of the river Kaveri
I. “Hasiru Karnataka” In order to give more ÁRZLQJ LQ 0\VXUX 0DGLNHUL %HQJDOXUX DQG
Hassan circles by taking up afforestation work.
impetus for development of social forestry
action is being taken to plant seedlings suitable ,,, 0RQWKO\ 3HQVLRQ IRU WKH GHFHDVHG SHUVRQ·V
to each area in the government lands of small family and permanently disabled person due to
hills, gomals and areas surrounding tanks. ZLOGDQLPDO·VDWWDFN In the budget speech 2018-
By involving students of school, colleges and WKH +RQ·EOH &KLHI 0LQLVWHU RI .DUQDWDND KDV
environmental organization with their active announced a monthly pension of Rs. 2000/- per
participation. A tree to each house, a groove to month for a period of 5 years to the family of
each village, a small forest to each taluk, a forest WKH GHFHDVHG NLOOHG E\ ZLOG DQLPDO·V DWWDFN DQG
to each district. With this motto a scheme titled to the permanently disabled person along with
Hasiru Karnataka has been launched. A budget DQ H[JUDWLD RI 5V ODNK ZKLFK LV DOUHDG\ LQ
provision of Rs. 10 crore has been earmarked H[LVWHQFH$FWLRQLVEHLQJWDNHQWRLPSOHPHQWWKH
in 2018-19 budget. In order to implement this same from the current year.
SURJUDPPH H[WHQVLYHO\ DOO RYHU WKH 6WDWH DV SHU
,9)HQFLQJ 3URWHFWLRQLQ*RYHUQPHQWKLOODUHDV
Government Order No:FEE 108 FAP 2018 dated
In the areas where rainfall is more than 750
14.08.2018 from 15.08.2018 to 18.08.2018
millimeters, mere provision of fencing protection
planting of seed ball, distribution of seedlings,
without human interference is enough for the
planting of seedlings in open land of schools and
development of forest on its own. In support of this,
in front of houses, in government and private
for fencing protection and for the development of
vacant lands, besides railway lines, in premises
forest in the Government hill areas in the State
RIJRYHUQPHQWRIÀFHVFRXUWSROLFHVWDWLRQVFKRRO
a Programme titled “Fencing & protection in
and colleges and in other places has been done by
Government hill” has been launched. A budget
involving volunteers, organization, corporation, provision of Rs.40 crore has been earmarked in
municipality, railway under the leadership of 2018-19 budget.
district minister, elected representatives, local
0/$·V SHUPDQHQW SHUVRQV RI WKH DUHDV WKH Saw Mills and Wood based Industries
SURJUDPPH KDV EHHQ VXFFHVVIXOO\ H[HFXWHG 7R There are more than 3,500 private saw mills
62 located across the state. Renewal of their licenses
bring awareness about this programme among
as well as granting fresh licenses are governed by sold to local people through auctions. As a result
statutes and guidelines administered by Forest of the ban on planting eucalyptus imposed by the
department. Records relating to receipt of timber state Government, KFDC is diversifying into other
INTRODUCTION
logs, out-turn and disposal are maintained by species. During 2014-15, about 10,000 hectares
each saw mill. Saw mills procure timber from of forest land where profuse regeneration of
government timber depots through public auction; native species had suppressed eucalyptus were
they use substantial quantities of imported returned to the Forest department.
timber. Some quantities of timber also come from
The Rubber wing is responsible for management
private lands. These include miscellaneous timber
species from coffee estates and species such as of over 4,443 hectares of rubber plantations.
Neem, Karijali, Ficus, Hebbevu, Bage, etc. from These plantations had been originally raised by
private lands in the maidan region of the state. the Forest department in Subramanya, Puttur
There are many wood industries producing pulp and Sullia taluks of Dakshina Kannada district
and paper, plywood, veneers, particle boards, for rehabilitation of Sri Lankan repatriates.
wood composites, etc. They also depend on Forest The Corporation has been replanting the area
department, Forest corporations and private with high yielding variety of rubber, after clear
farmers for their raw material requirements. felling the older plantations on a rotational basis.
Enough raw materials were available for all these Apart from providing jobs to the families of the
industries in the past. Open economy has created UHSDWULDWHVWKH &RUSRUDWLRQDOVR SURFHVVHV ODWH[
FRQGLWLRQVZKLFKDUHPRUHGLIÀFXOW IRULQHIÀFLHQW LQ LWV IDFWRULHV DQG PDUNHWV FRQFHQWUDWHG&HQH[
industries, some of which are facing closure. and other byproducts of rubber.
Forest Corporations Karnataka State Forest Industries
There are three forest corporations in the state. Corporation (KSFIC): The Karnataka State Forest
These were incorporated during the 1970s in pur- Industries Corporation (KSFIC) Limited was
suance of the recommendation of the National incorporated in 1973. The Corporation was set
Commission on Agriculture to do away with in- up with the objective of harvesting forest produce
termediary contractors for harvesting of forest and processing the produce and marketing it as
produce. The objectives of the Corporations along ÀQLVKHG SURGXFWV 7KH &RUSRUDWLRQ LV SUHVHQWO\
ZLWKWKHLUSHUIRUPDQFHDUHEULHÁ\KLJKOLJKWHGEH- engaged in carrying out logging works of the Forest
low: department and also in the manufacture of door
and window frames, furniture, block boards and
Karnataka Forest Development Corporation
ÁXVKGRRUVLQLWVLQGXVWULDOXQLWDW%HQJDOXUX7KH
(KFDC): This Corporation was incorporated in
&RUSRUDWLRQDOVR UXQVVHYHUDO ÀUHZRRGGHSRWVLQ
1971. Its main activities are to support forest based
the malnad region of the state in Uttara Kannada,
industries with raw material from plantations of
Shivamogga, Dharwad, Udupi and Mangaluru
pulpwood, rubber, teak, bamboo, etc. It also assists
districts. The process of merger of this Corporation
and supports the Forest department in reducing
with the KFDC is in progress.
biotic pressure through afforestation activities.
The Corporation manages about 50,000 hectares Karnataka Cashew Development Corporation
of plantations of pulpwood and other species, (KCDC): This Corporation was incorporated in
besides 4,443 hectares of rubber plantations. The ,W ZDV FUHDWHG WR VFLHQWLÀFDOO\ PDQDJH
Corporation has two wings: Pulpwood wing and the cashew plantations raised hitherto by the
Rubber wing. The Pulpwood wing is responsible Forest department and to promote growing
for raising and harvesting of pulpwood and and development of cashew in the state. After
other species in the degraded forest lands taken the Corporation took over the departmental
on lease from the Forest department. Monoculture plantations on lease basis, they were replaced
plantations of Eucalyptus, Acacia auriculiformis, by high yielding varieties of cashew in a phased
Bamboo, Tamarind, Agave and Casuarina have manner. The Corporation is in charge of about
been grown on these lands. The plantations of 25,658 hectares of plantations. These plantations
Eucalyptus, Acacia auriculiformis, Casuarina and have in a way helped in preventing degradation/
Bamboo are fairly successful. Pulpwood is sold to laterisation of the forest areas besides checking
the industries, bamboos are sold to Medars and their encroachment. The Corporation also raises
craftsmen, and sticks, props and small timbers are 63
grafted cashew seedlings of high yielding varieties
and sells these to farmers for planting in their land continues anG LV UHÁHFWHG LQ DFWV RI forest
farmlands. Farmers also improve their economic encroachment for cultivation, housing, etc. Such
status by growing high yielding varieties of unauthorized acts are quite common in forest
HAND BOOK OF
KARNATAKA
cashew. The Corporation conducts standing sale areas adjacent to habitations such as villages
of cashew nuts on yearly basis. and townships. Eviction of fresh encroachment
is a relatively easy task, but if not detected
Karnataka State Medicinal Plants Authority
immediately, eviction becomes very cumbersome
(KaMPA) Karnataka State Medicinal Plants
at a latter date, as the encroacher progressively
Authority (KaMPA) was established in 2002 for
develops a stake in the land by making more and
the conservation, development and utilization
more investment. Encroachers, especially those
of medicinal and aromatic plants in Karnataka.
H[WHQGLQJFXOWLYDWLRQWHQGWRJDUQHUVXSSRUWIURP
It is a registered Society under Karnataka
YDULRXV LQÁXHQWLDO TXDUWHUV DQG WKLV PDNHV WKH
Societies Act,1960. KaMPA has been closely
)RUHVW GHSDUWPHQW·V WDVN HYHQ PRUH GLIÀFXOW
associated with Karnataka Bio-diversity Board
Protection of forest land from permanent loss
in implementation of the project to assess the
LV WKH PRVW LPSRUWDQW GXW\ RI DQ\ IRUHVW RIÀFHU
population status and removal of medicinal
While a degraded forest can be restored to
plant resources from the forests of Karnataka.
its original glory, a parcel of forest land lost to
It conducts buyers-sellers meets thus providing
encroachment, if not promptly acted upon, may
a platform for sharing of information and views
EHORVWIRUHYHU2IÀFHUVRIWKH)RUHVWGHSDUWPHQW
on various aspects of medicinal plants. It
are empowered under Sections 24 and 64A of the
UHJXODUO\ FRQGXFWV ZRUNVKRSV VHPLQDUV ÀHOG
Karnataka Forest Act, 1963 to take appropriate
visits, brainstorming sessions, radio series, etc.
legal action against forest encroachers. It must
to encourage production and sustainable use of
however be admitted that in spite of the legal
medicinal plants. It also organizes awareness
provisions in Acts and Rules, the department has
campaigns among general public and students.
not been able to complete the process of eviction
Forest Protection - Threats and Challenges of forest encroachments for various reasons. As
Forests of Karnataka, as in other parts of of now, about 80,000 hectares of forest lands
the country, are under severe pressure because are under encroachment in the state. In the
of various factors. In earlier days, prior to recent years, there has been growing awareness
formulation of the National Forest Policy of regarding protection of forest from the clutches of
1952, forest had no intrinsic right over land and encroachers. This has enabled the department
agriculture was given precedence over forestry. to get favorable judgments from various courts.
)RUHVWV ZHUH FOHDUHG H[WHQVLYHO\ IRU FXOWLYDWLRQ 7KH +RQ·EOH +LJK &RXUW RI .DUQDWDND KDV DOVR
and settlements. After Independence, forests been monitoring the progress of eviction of forest
ZHUH FOHDUHG H[WHQVLYHO\ XQGHU WKH ¶*URZ encroachments. This has also enthused the
0RUH )RRG· FDPSDLJQ WR PD[LPL]H IRRG JUDLQ \RXQJHUJHQHUDWLRQRIRIÀFHUVWRWDNHXSHYLFWLRQ
production. Besides, liberal diversion of forest of forest encroachment cases head on and bring
land for development purposes continued till these to logical ends. Many encroachers stake
enactment of the Forest (Conservation) Act, their claim to land under the provisions of the
1980, which slowed down the loss of forest Forest Rights Act. This seriously hampers the
due to imposition of restrictions on diversion process of eviction and it is becoming a protracted
RIIRUHVWODQG,QWKHSUHVHQWFRQWH[WWKH IDFWRUV H[HUFLVH IRU WKH GHSDUWPHQW WR GLVSRVH RI VXFK
responsible for denudation or degradation claims. More than two lakh applications have
of forests are encroachments, smuggling and been received under the Forest Rights Act. These
SRDFKLQJ XQDXWKRUL]HG ZLWKGUDZDO H[FHVVLYH DUH EHLQJ H[DPLQHG DQG OHJLWLPDWH FODLPV DUH
JUD]LQJUHFXUULQJÀUHVLQYDVLYHVSHFLHVPLQLQJ being settled. There is a tendency among the
etc. communities to clear and burn more forests and
occupy the land with the sole motive of claiming
While pressure on forest land from diversion
the title under the said Act. Serious efforts are
IRU QRQ IRUHVW SXUSRVHV WKURXJK RIÀFLDOOHJDO
being made to contain them. Settlement of rights
channel has drastically come down primarily
and disposal of all applications is likely to take
64 due to the Forest (Conservation) Act, hunger for
considerable time.
Instances of timber smuggling were very high plantations. At individual level, these removals
during the 1970s and 1980s. Smuggling was DSSHDU DV LQVLJQLÀFDQW VXFK DV SHRSOH FDUU\LQJ
quite rampant in the Teak growing areas, notably ÀUHZRRGRQKHDGORDGVELF\FOHVRUEXOORFNFDUWV
INTRODUCTION
in Shivamogga, Bhadravathi and parts of Sagar often for domestic consumption and sometimes
and Koppa divisions. Certain forest areas became for sale. However, when such removals take place
notorious for organized smuggling, especially for everyday and everywhere, the overall implications
7HDNDQG5RVHZRRG7KLVOHGWRFRQVWDQWFRQÁLFW are too serious to be ignored or dismissed as
RI WKH ÀHOG IXQFWLRQDULHV RI )RUHVW GHSDUWPHQW LQVLJQLÀFDQW 7KHVH PDNH D KXJH GHQW WR WKH
with the smugglers, resulting in severe assault forest resources. As already mentioned, the only
cases, sometimes even death. Repeated struggle solution to this problem is to take up massive tree
by the limited and ill-equipped but zealous staff planting outside the regular forest areas, more
of the department with the marauding smugglers particularly in private lands in the form of farm-
brought to the fore the urgency of strengthening IRUHVWU\ )DUPIRUHVWU\ FDQ VLJQLÀFDQWO\ LPSURYH
the protection wing of the department in terms rural livelihood standards and rural economy.
of staff, vehicles, arms and ammunitions,
communication, etc. During last two-three Unrestricted grazing by domestic cattle has had
decades there has been tremendous improvement very adverse impact on the forests of Karnataka.
in the capability of the frontline staff in facing Large herds of cattle, mostly unproductive, roam
the smugglers: many of the vacancies have been about daily in the forests for grazing and browsing.
ÀOOHG WKHUH DUH PRUH QXPEHU RI YHKLFOHV IRU As a result, the forests have borne their onslaught.
the staff to move quickly, there are more arms The results are far too evident. Grazing is heavy
and ammunitions to give moral strength to the along the fringes of forests which are situated near
staff, there are strike forces/rapid action forces the villages causing severe degradation. Grazing/
stationed in sensitive areas and there are many browsing by goat, which is on the rise, causes
forest protection camps (FPC) and anti-poaching very severe damage to the forests. Uncontrolled
camps (APC) at various vantage points in the grazing in forests, often beyond their carrying
forest. These have improved the capability of the capacity, has adversely affected the regeneration
department in tackling cases of smuggling and status, quality and growing stock of our forests.
poaching more effectively. While there will always Overgrazing also affects soil properties adversely.
be attempts at smuggling or poaching, the The negative impacts on soil include loss of top
department is now much well prepared to handle soil, formation of gullies, compaction of soil and
such situations. Special mention must be made reduction of porosity. Pressure on forest reserves
about the APCs/FPCs which have performed well is increasing since the adjoining pasture lands
LQ GLIÀFXOW VLWXDWLRQV 7KHVHFDPSVDUHVLWXDWHG and meadows which were traditionally reserved
in deep forest areas and each camp is manned for grazing are also being put to other uses. The
E\ IRXUÀYH SHUVRQV RQ GDLO\ ZDJH EDVLV DORQJ cattle herdsmen relentlessly hack green trees to
ZLWKRQHRUWZRIRUHVWZDWFKHUV7KH\H[WHQVLYHO\ provide fodder to their herds. Even trees by the
patrol the forest areas designated to the camp. URDGVLGH DUH QRW VSDUHG ([FHVVLYH JUD]LQJ KDV
Each camp works under the guidance of a forest caused disappearance of useful fodder grasses
guard. The daily wage persons are drawn from which are replaced by unpalatable ones.
nearby villages and many of them are from tribal
Although the Forest department is very keen to
families. Free ration is provided to each camp
bring down the incidence of grazing in forest to
besides other facilities such as solar lighting,
the minimum, its capability in doing so is limited
wireless communication, etc. These camps have
not only been helpful in controlling poaching or in as much as the department has no control over
smuggling, but have also been very helpful in the number of animals owned and let loose into
FRQWUROOLQJIRUHVW ÀUH GXULQJWKHÀUHVHDVRQ the forests by the farmers/owners. On the other
hand, a large number of cattle entering the forest
One of the most important factors responsible are unproductive to the owners also. It is therefore
for rapid contraction and decline of forests is heavy necessary for the department to motivate the
withdrawal of biomass LQ WKH IRUP RI ÀUHZRRG people to take up cattle improvement, stall
and small timber. Much of these withdrawals feeding, fodder development, etc. so that their
65
are unrecorded removals from natural forests and dependence on the nearby forests is minimized.
It is also incumbent upon the Animal Husbandry from coming up. Fire coupled with heavy grazing
and Rural Development departments to take all results in retrogression of the forests to drier
necessary steps in this regard, as these activities W\SHV 5HFXUULQJ ÀUH \HDU DIWHU \HDU FDQ EH
HAND BOOK OF
primarily come under the purview and domain of devastating and is one of the chief causes of the
KARNATAKA
these departments. As forest plays a much more general degradation of our forests.
critical and crucial role in protecting the overall
0RVWRIWKHÀUHVDUHXVXDOO\FDXVHGE\KXPDQ
environment than merely catering to the needs
EHLQJV 6RPH ÀUHV DUH GXH WR QHJOLJHQFH DQG
of the adjoining human and cattle population,
some are accidental. Whatever may be the
it cannot be allowed to be degraded any further
FDXVH RI IRUHVW ÀUH WKH ÀUVW SULRULW\ RI D IRUHVW
by unwise withdrawal of bio-resources to a
RIÀFHU LV WR EULQJ LW XQGHU FRQWURO LPPHGLDWHO\
OHYHO WKDW WKH H[LVWHQFH RI WKH IRUHVW LWVHOI LV DW
DIWHULW LV QRWLFHG:KLOH WKHFDXVH RIÀUHVKRXOG
stake. In pockets of Dakshina Kannada district,
be thoroughly investigated and deterrent action
people have been able to reduce the number of
taken, it should under no circumstances under-
unproductive cattle by taking up improved cattle
PLQHRUGHOD\WKHSURFHVVRIÀUHSURWHFWLRQ6LQFH
breeding program. It is hoped that in the years to
IRUHVW ÀUH LV D FRPPRQ SKHQRPHQRQ DQG LV
come, this practice will be replicated in all villages
OLNHO\ WR RFFXU GXULQJ WKH ÀUH VHDVRQ )HEUXDU\
in Karnataka.
May), timely preparations to face the challenges
2IODWHGDPDJHFDXVHGWRIRUHVWE\ÀUHKDVEHHQ VKRXOG EH GRQH VXIÀFLHQWO\ LQ DGYDQFH DQG ZLWK
receiving a lot of publicity and attention resulting meticulous planning. The Deputy Conservator
in increased awareness among the people. Forest of Forests, Assistant Conservators of Forests and
ÀUHV LQ .DUQDWDND DUH QRUPDOO\ JURXQG ÀUHV 5DQJH)RUHVW 2IÀFHUV PXVW GLVFXVV DQG SUHSDUH
which burn grass, fallen leaves and dead wood. D FRPSUHKHQVLYH ÀUH PDQDJHPHQW SODQ IRU WKH
+RZHYHUÀUHVRFFXUULQJLQDIRUHVWZLWKÁRZHUHG division by the month of October, so that all
and dried bamboo clumps may become very severe possible aspects are taken care of. The strategy
DQGJLYHWKHLPSUHVVLRQRIDFURZQÀUH)RUHVWÀUHV IRU ÀUH SURWHFWLRQ LQFOXGHV LGHQWLÀFDWLRQ RI ÀUH
cause very visible damage to the forest. They have SURQHDUHDVSUHYHQWLYHPHDVXUHVLQWKHLGHQWLÀHG
a deleterious impact on the deciduous and scrub DUHDVDQGPRQLWRULQJRIÀUHDFFLGHQWVDQGFRQWURO
IRUHVWV )UHTXHQW ÀUHV GHVWUR\ WKH ELRGLYHUVLW\ operations.
of the forests by damaging and often killing the
Invasive species such as Lantana camara,
seedlings, coppice and natural regeneration.
(XSDWRULXP3DUWKHQLXPetc., have engulfed many
Saplings, poles and younger trees are damaged.
wildlife as well as other forest areas. The spread
/DUJHU WUHHV DUH DOVR DIIHFWHG E\ ÀUH ZLWK WKHLU
of Lantana in Bandipur, BRT and Nagarhole
increment getting reduced and quality of timber
tiger reserves has threatened the habitat and
JHWWLQJ SRRUHU ,Q FDVH RI VHYHUH ÀUH WKH EDUN
many plant species palatable to elephants and
and the cambium get scorched thereby killing
wild ungulates are slowly disappearing. Physical
the trees. Dead and fallen material lying on the
UHPRYDO RI LQYDVLYH ZHHGV LV D JLJDQWLF H[HUFLVH
JURXQGJHWVEXUQWGXHWRJURXQGÀUH%HVLGHVWKH
DV LW UHJHQHUDWHV YHU\ IDVW 6HYHUDO H[SHULPHQWV
leaf-litter, humus and other organic matter on the
have been carried out across the country to
IRUHVWÁRRUJHWFRPSOHWHO\EXUQWLQWRDVKHVWREH
eradicate Lantana. Karnataka has also pioneered
washed away by the subsequent monsoon rains,
PDQ\VXFKH[SHULPHQWVEXWQRHIIHFWLYHVROXWLRQ
leaving the area bare. Fire also affects the wildlife
has been in sight. It is however hoped that if the
and many micro-organisms living in the forest.
areas can be rigidly and continuously protected
'HVWUXFWLRQ RI PLFURÁRUD DQG PLFURIDXQD LQ
IURP ÀUH H[FHVVLYH JUD]LQJ LOOLFLW FXWWLQJ HWF
the layers of top soil and forest litter has adverse
the natural process of succession will restore the
impact on organic decomposition and soil fertility.
original vegetation in due course of time.
,QDIRUHVWZLWKDKLVWRU\RIUHFXUULQJIRUHVWÀUHV
the species composition undergoes changes. Fire Organized mining in forest areas of Karnataka
hardy species become more predominant and started in the early 1900s when manganese ore
WKH SURSRUWLRQ RI ÀUH VHQVLWLYH VSHFLHV FRPHV ZDV H[WUDFWHG IURP WKH :HVWHUQ *KDWV UHJLRQ
down. Fires bring in coarse grasses and desirable notably from Shivamogga and Uttara Kannada
ones are eliminated. Such growth besides being GLVWULFWV 0DQJDQHVHZDV H[WUDFWHGIURP 6DQGXU
66
D SHUSHWXDO ÀUH KD]DUG SUHYHQWV RWKHU VSHFLHV forests of Ballari district since 1907. Iron ore
mining started in Chikkamagaluru district in the region. Since then, mining activities in the
1924 at Kemmanagundi and later in Kudremukh Western Ghats region of the state have virtually
in the 1970s. Iron ore mining in Sandur started come to an end.
INTRODUCTION
in the 1940s. Prior to enactment of the Forest
Ballari district is rich in mineral wealth, especially
(Conservation) $FW )RUHVWGHSDUWPHQW·VUROH
in iron and manganese deposits. With the stoppage
was limited to clearing of tree growth on receipt of
of mining in the Western Ghats region, pressure
indent from the mining lessee. However, as mining
for mining on Ballari region increased. The forest
DFWLYLWLHV JUHZ LQ YROXPH WKH GHSDUWPHQW·V
belt of Sandur-Ballari-Hospet is considered to be
concern about safeguarding the forests from
one of the best iron ore reserves in the country.
the evil effects of mining increased, especially in
the Western Ghats region. Damages to the forest From 2004 onwards, owing to sharp increase
were far more severe in this eco-sensitive and bio- in international demand, large quantities of iron
diversity rich region. In addition to the normal RUHZHUHH[WUDFWHGIURPWKHPLQHVRI%DOODUL DQG
damages associated with any open cast mining, from a few mines in Chitradurga and Tumakuru
these forests suffered heavily on account of districts. High market prices fuelled by very
the labour colonies that were invariably set KLJK GHPDQG UHVXOWHG LQ UDPSDQW XQVFLHQWLÀF
up within the forest areas resulting in frequent and illegal mining leading to environmental
ÀUHV SLOIHUDJHV HWF %HFDXVH RI KHDY\ UDLQIDOO degrada tion in and around the mining areas.
FRQVLGHUDEOH H[WHQWV RI H[SRVHG IRUHVW DUHDV Mining operations were initially halted by the
turned lateritic. With the enactment of the Forest +RQ·EOH6XSUHPH&RXUWRI,QGLD(YHQWXDOO\VLQFH
(Conservation) Act and the historic judgement WKH +RQ·EOH &RXUW KDV SHUPLWWHG OLPLWHG
GDWHG RI WKH +RQ·EOH 6XSUHPH mining operations subject to compliance of strict
Court of India in the famous case of Godavarman conditions and implementation of comprehensive
Thirumulkpad versus the Government of India Reclamation and Rehabilitation (R&R) plans by the
and others, the Forest department was in a better mining lease holders. Mining operations by and
SRVLWLRQWRH[HUFLVHFRQWURORYHUPLQLQJDFWLYLWLHV large have been streamlined and eco-restoration
in forest areas. As the lease periods of most of the works have also been started. Considering the
PLQLQJOHDVHVZHUHQHDULQJH[SLU\WKHGHSDUWPHQW importance of iron ore as an industrial raw
took a conscious stand of not recommending the material and its predominant occurrence in the
mining leases situated in the Western Ghats region forests of Sandur-Ballari-Hospet sector, it will
IRU UHQHZDO DQG H[WHQVLRQ %\ WKH PLG V not be possible to completely halt mining in
most of the mining leases in the Western Ghats WKHVHDUHDV7KHWRWDOH[WHQWRI6DQGXUIRUHVWVLV
UHJLRQ KDG H[SLUHG DQG WKHVH ZHUH QRW UHQHZHG about 32,000 hectares out of which about 8,000
IXUWKHU 7KH RQO\ H[FHSWLRQ ZDV LURQ RUH PLQLQJ hectares have been affected by mining, although
in Kudremukh in Chickkamagalur district by the the actual broken-up area for mining is much
Kudremukh Iron Ore Company Limited (KIOCL), less (about 2,000 hectares). With the regulation
a Government of India undertaking which had LPSRVHG E\WKH +RQ·EOH 6XSUHPH&RXUW RI ,QGLD
started mining operations in 1980. Because of on mining and other related activities, there has
intensive mining for more than twenty years, there been considerable improvement in the overall
had been immense ecological damage to the entire environment of the mining areas during the last
eco-system surrounding the mining lease area ÀYHVL[\HDUV,QYLHZRIWKHULFKQHVVRIELRGLYHUVLW\
located inside Kudremukh national park – a very of the Sandur forests, it is necessary that mining
spectacular and biologically diverse landscape should not be proposed / permitted in any new
harboring tropical rainforest. The matter was forest area and it should be restricted to the
WDNHQXSE\WKH+RQ·EOH6XSUHPH&RXUWRI,QGLD
already broken-up areas within the mining leases.
through a public interest litigation (PIL) petition
ÀOHG E\ :LOGOLIH )LUVW D %HQJDOXUX EDVHG 1*2 FAUNA
7KH +RQ·EOH &RXUW KDG RQ GLUHFWHG Wild animals that are found in Karnataka
for immediate stoppage of all mining operations include the elephant, the tiger, the leopard, the
in Kudremukh. During January 2004, the State gaur, the sambar deer, the chital or spotted deer,
Government of Karnataka had issued certain the muntjac, the bonnet macaque, the slender
guidelines imposing restrictions on mining and loris, the common palm civet, the small Indian
quarrying in the Western Ghats area in order to civet, the sloth bear, the dhole, the striped hyena 67
save the pristin eco-system and bio-diversity of
and the golden jackal. Some of the birds found The Carnivores-tiger, panther and wild dog occur
here are the Great Hornbill, the Malabar Pied LQORZSRSXODWLRQV7KLVUHJLRQZDVH[WUHPHO\ULFK
Hornbill, the Ceylon frogmouth, herons, ducks, in wild life in the past especially tiger and gaur and
HAND BOOK OF
today have been recued in number substantially.
KARNATAKA
kites, eagles, falcons, quails, partridges, lapwings,
sandpipers, pigeons, doves, parakeets, cuckoos,
Region II-Crestline of Western Ghats: This
RZOVQLJKWMDUVVZLIWVNLQJÀVKHUVEHHHDWHUVDQG
region lies south of Uttar Kannada. There is a
munias. Some species of trees found in Karnataka
narrow belt of forest following this crestline of
are Callophyllum tomentosa, Callophyllum
Ghats. The vegetation ranges from evergreen
wightianum, Garcina, cambogia, Garcina morealla,
to moist deciduous. Most of the major animals
Alstonia scholaris, Flacourtia montana, Artocarpus occur in this region but their population on the
hirsutus, Artocarpus lacoocha, Cinnamomum whole is very poor. Only a few isolated herds of
zeylanicum, Grewia tilaefolia, Santalum album, elephants are found here. The gaur and sambar
6KRUHD WDOXUD (PEOLFD RIÀFLQDOLV 9LWH[ DOWLVVLPD are frequently seen while the spotted deer occurs
and Wrightia tinctoria. Wildlife in Karnataka is sporadically. Barking deer and sloth bear are also
threatened by poaching, habitat destruction, reported to be present. Wild pig is omnipresent.
KXPDQZLOGOLIHFRQÁLFWDQGSROOXWLRQ The Carnivores-tiger, panther and wild dog
The State of Karnataka has a rich heritage of ÁRUD are present but their occurrence rating is very
and fauna. The hill chain of Western Ghats is the low. This region is a poor habitat for most large
only part of the State to retain some semblance of herbivores and consequently for carnivores.
its natural biological heritage. This last refuge of Region III-Malnad: This is characterized by
the native fauna is subjected to rapid decimation dry and moist deciduous vegetation. The area is
with the coining up of several hydro-electric and marked by conspicuous hills like Bababudangiri
irrigation projects, mining, the accelerated pace range. This region has one of the best wildlife
RIIRUHVWH[SORLWDWLRQDQGWKHLQFUHDVLQJGHPDQG concentrations only second to Mysuru plateau in
of land for plantation and crop husbandry. The the State, harbouring populations of elephants,
area under forests in Karnataka today amounts gaur, sambar, spotted deer, wild pig etc. The
to 43,356.45 sq.km i.e. 22 per cent of the total anthropogenic pressures over this area are
ODQGDUHDRIWKH6WDWH:LWKWKHQRWDEOHH[FHSWLRQ much less and hence the wildlife is somewhat
of Bonnet Macaque, which is under widespread less molested. The presence of perennial rivers,
religious protection throughout the State, the reservoirs and plenty of bamboos, grass and other
ODUJHU ZLOG PDPPDOV DUH DOPRVW FRQÀQHG WR WKH fodder species with a moderate rainfall makes this
forest areas. The wildlife bearing forest areas of region an ideal habitat for elephants.
.DUQDWDNDDUHGLYLGHGLQWRVL[UHJLRQVYL]&RDVWDO Region IV-Mysuru Plateau: The western
region, crestline of the Western Ghats, Malnad, HGJH RI 0\VXUX 3ODWHDX ÁDQNHG RQ WKUHH VLGHV
Old Mysuru Plateau, Kollegal hills and Maidan. by the southern-most ranges of the Sahyadris,
The natural distribution of animals is largely Nilgiris and eastern spur of hills towards the
determined by vegetation. Biligirirangana Hills, is an undulating plain and is
Region I-Coastal Region: The district of covered by moist and dry deciduous forests. This
Uttara Kannada and parts of Belagavi constitute area has the richest wildlife concentrations in
the northern-most sector of the hill tracts of South India, harbouring large herds of elephants,
Karnataka. These hilly tracts have vegetation spotted deer, wild pig, wild dog, sloth bear, gaur,
ranging from evergreen to dry deciduous types. sambar and occasionally tiger and cats.
Due to Kalinadi hydro-electric project and a Region V-Kollegal Hills: This hilly area is an
great deal of Iron and Manganese ore mining, eastern spur of the Western Ghats. Apart from
the habitat is highly fragmented and the forest the moist deciduous or semi-evergreen forests
cover is greatly disturbed. In this region, as per on these hills, the rest of the region is covered by
observed data, the gaur are scattered, sambar are dry deciduous forest mostly degraded into scrub.
much more widely distributed. Wild pig is most Elephant, sambar, spotted deer and wild pig
abundant and spotted deer is seen in majority of occur throughout this region. The wild dogs have
68 areas. Elephants are found scattered over a wide IDLUO\ H[WHQVLYH GLVWULEXWLRQ WKRXJK WLJHU JDXU
region. and panther are much more restricted. Almost all
the wild life species occur in this region in small DUH MXVW VXIÀFLHQW WR FRYHU WKH H[SHQVHV /DUJH
QXPEHUVH[FHSWHOHSKDQWV numbers of visitors, including foreign tourists,
visit these two parks. As regards the remaining
Region VI-Maidan: There is very little forest
INTRODUCTION
Zoos, the number of visitors is not enough to
in the Maidan areas on the Deccan Plateau
JHQHUDWHDGHTXDWHUHYHQXHVWRFRYHUWKHH[SHQVHV
and whatever is left is in highly degraded form.
and they are dependent on government grants. The
Ranibennur is notable for the occurrence of good
Zoos under the Zoo Authority of Karnataka are not
herds of black bucks. Wolves are becoming rare
just recreational centers; they are also becoming
but have been reported from several places in this
good centers for learning about environmental
plains.
conservation and nature awareness. Education
Zoo Authority of Karnataka: Zoo Authority about wild animals, animal conservation and
of Karnataka was registered during 1979 under enhancement of environmental values are given
Karnataka Societies Registration Act 1960 and here. Efforts are being made to manage, maintain
at that time only Sri Chamarajendra Zoological and provide elaborate animal enclosures to
Gardens, Mysuru was under its control. After animals in natural way of living. Captive breeding
the constitution of Central Zoo Authority (CZA) to programs of endangered species are also carried
oversee the management of zoos in the country as out in the Zoos at Mysuru and Bannerghatta.
per Chapter IVA of the Wildlife (Protection) Act,
Bannerghatta Biological Park also has a Rescue
1972, the scope and function of the Zoo Authority
Center which houses Lions and Tigers rescued
RI .DUQDWDND ZHUH H[SDQGHG DQG WKH ]RRORJLFDO
from various circus companies. It also has a
gardens/safaris of the state, which were hitherto
Bear Rescue Center which was established with
under the control of the territorial divisions, were
WKH FROODERUDWLRQ RI :LOGOLIH 626 IRU WKH EHQHÀW
transferred to the Zoo Authority of Karnataka
of bears rescued from Khalandars, found astray,
during 2002. At present the following nine Zoos
injured, orphaned, trapped, sick, etc.
recognized by the Central Zoo Authority are under
the administrative purview of Zoo Authority of FLORA
Karnataka Forest vegetation of Karnataka, like any other
1. Sri Chamarajendra Zoological Gardens, SDUWRIWKHFRXQWU\RUWKHZRUOGLVLQÁXHQFHGE\
Mysuru. climatic, topographic, edaphic (soil- related) and,
WR D FHUWDLQ H[WHQW ELRWLF IDFWRUV .DUQDWDND LV
2. Bannerghatta Biological Park, Bengaluru.
richly endowed with wide variety of forest types.
3. Children Deer Park-Mini Zoo, Ballari. %DVHG RQ WKH UHYLVHG V\VWHP RI FODVVLÀFDWLRQ
4. Mini Zoo, Kittur Rani Channamma prescribed by Champion and Seth (1968), the
Nisargadhama, Belagavi. following major forest types are recognized in
Karnataka:
5. Indira Priyadarshini Pranisangrahalaya,
Anagod, Davanagere. Southern tropical wet evergreen and semi
evergreen forests: Annual average rainfall in
6. Children Park-Mini Zoo, Kalaburagi.
these forests is from 2000 mm upwards; but the
7. Children Park-Mini Zoo, Binkadakatti, Gadag typical evergreen forests are met within areas
8. Tiger and Lion Safari, Thyvarekoppa, with average annual rainfall of more than 3,500
Shivamogga. mm. The estimated area is 8,275 sq.km situated
along the upper slopes and valleys of the Western
9. Adumalleswara Mini Zoo, Chitradurga. Ghats. The Dipterocarpus–Kingiodendron–Vateria
association is the most common tree vegetation.
The Children Deer Park-Mini Zoo at Ballari
The slopes and valleys are rich in biodiversity
is being shifted to Sri Atal Bihari Vajapayee
DQG IDLUO\ ZHOO SUHVHUYHG LQ WHUPV RI ÁRUD
Zoological Park, Kamalapura, Hosapete, Ballari
occupying different levels of the forest canopy.
with the approval of the CZA. The Park was
Around 75,000 hectares of grassy blanks are
inaugurated on 03-11-2017. Among the Zoos
found at the crest and the top of the Western
mentioned above, Sri Chamarajendra Zoological
Ghats in elevations around 1,000 m above sea
Gardens, Mysuru and Bannerghatta Biological
level. Reeds, rattans (cane) and palms occupy 69
Park, Bengaluru are self-reliant and their revenues
the humid valleys. Dominant tree species in the
coastal evergreen zone are +RSHD SDUYLÁRUD from people and cattle. Dendrocalamus strictus
(bhogi), H. wightiana (karimara/haiga) and (medri bamboo) is a common associate of trees in
Calophyllum inophyllum (bobbi). Dominant tree these forests; Bamusa bambos (dowga bamboo)
HAND BOOK OF
species in the hill zone are Dipterocarpus indicus
KARNATAKA
occurs in moister localities such as stream banks.
(dhuma), Calophyllum tomentosum (poon), Vateria Common tree species in the dry deciduous forests
indica (saldhupa), 3RHFLORQHXURQ LQGLFXP (balgi), on the eastern slopes of the Western Ghats are
Kingiodendron pinnatum (yennemara), 3DODTXLXP Tectona grandis (saguwani/teak), Anogeissus
ellipticum (pali), Mesua ferrea (nagasampige) and latifolia (dindiga), Dalbergia latifolia (beete/
Eugenias (neral). The semi- evergreen forests rosewood), Terminalia tomentosa (matti/laurel),
FRQWDLQ DQ DGPL[WXUH RI HYHUJUHHQ DQG PRLVW T. paniculata (kindal/hunal), Adina cordifolia
deciduous species such as $UWRFDUSXV KLUVXWXV (yettega/yellow teak), Albizzia lebbek (bage/
(hebbalsu), Machilus macrantha (gulmavu), bilwara), Stereospermum chelenoides (padre),
Cinnamomum (dalchini) species, Lophopetalum Santalum album (srigandha), (PEOLFD RIÀFLQDOLV
wightianum (banate), Alstonia scholaris (bolpale (nelli), etc. Tree species occurring in the eastern
/ maddale) '\VR[\OXP PDOD EDULFXP (white plains include Anogeissus latifolia GLQGLJD
cedar), Cedre latoona (gandhagarige), Mangifera &KORUR[\ORQ VZLHWHQLD PDVKDZDO Albizzia
indica (mavu), Terminalia paniculata (kindal), amara WXJOLFKXMMXOX %RVZHOOLDVHUUDWD(dhupa),
Diospyros (karimara) species, Lagerstroemia Hardwickia binata (kamara), Santalum album
lanceolata (nandi), *UHZLD WLOLDHIROLD WDGDVDOX (srigandha), /DJHUVWURHPLDSDUYLÁRUD(channangi),
Dalbergia latifolia (beete / sissum), Dillenia Stereospermum chelenoides (padre), Emblica
pentagyna (kanagal), Xylia xylocarpa (jamba), etc. RIÀFLQDOLV(nelli), &DVVLDÀVWXOD(kakke), Bauhinia
as dominant trees and Calamus species (rattans) purpurea (basavanpada), Soymida febrifuga
as associates. (sowmya), Buchnania lanzan (char/nurkal), and
many species of Acacias, Cassias, etc.
Tropical moist deciduous forests: Annual
average rainfall in these forests is in the range Tropical thorn forest: Annual average
of 1,200-2,000 mm. These forests occupy about rainfall in these forests is less than 800 mm. Rain
8,385 sq.km and are found on the higher slopes shadow districts of the state have low rocky hills
of the Western Ghats. These forests contain some VXSSRUWLQJ [HURSK\WLF VFUXE IRUHVWV 7KHVH DUH
of the most valuable timber species. The moist scattered between vast stretches of agricultural
deciduous belt consists of Tectona–Dillenia and lands and occupy about 7,655 s q km of dry
Lagerstroemia–Terminalia associations. Bambusa uplands. These forests have abundance of Acacia
bambos (dowga bamboo) is an important associate species such as A. catechu (katha), A. nilotica
(karijali), A. chundra (kempujali), A. leucophloea
of the moist deciduous forests; Dendrocala- mus
(bilijali), A. latronum (hottejali), etc. Other species
strictus (medri bamboo) is restricted to drier
like Albizzia amara (chujjulu/tugli), A. lebbek
localities. The moist deciduous zone contains
(bage), A. odoratissima (goddahunse/bilwara),
valuable tree species like Dalbergia latifolia (beete/
Santalum album (shrigandha), Hardwickia binata
rosewood), Tectona grandis (saguwani/teak),
(kamara), are also met with.
Ougeinia dalbergioides (karimuttal), 3WHURFDUSXV
marsupium (honne/kino), Terminalia tomentosa Littoral forests: These are salt water swamps
(matti/laurel), T. paniculata (kindal/hunal), T. QHDUWKHFRQÁXHQFHRI ULYHUV MRLQLQJWKH$UDELDQ
bellerica (tare), Lagerstroemia lanceolata (nandi/ Sea. Two types of littoral vegetation are found
nana), Adina cordifolia (yettega/yellow teak), Xylia in the coastal zone: Psammophytes are special
xylocarpa (jamba), Grewia tiliaefolia (tadasal), plants that have adapted to scorching sun, salt
Cordia macleodii (hadaga) and others. laden winds and shifting sand. Typical species are
sand binder plants like 6SLQLÀ[ OLWWRUHXV ,SRPHD
Tropical dry deciduous forests: The annual
SHVFDSUDH etc. Halophytes occur near estuaries
average rainfall in these forests is in the range
ZKHUH WKH ZHVW ÁRZLQJ ULYHUV PHHW WKH $UDELDQ
of 800-1,250 mm. These forests are found on the
Sea. These are also called mangrove formations
eastern slopes of the Western Ghats and also
that stabilize sea shores and river banks against
in the eastern plains and are spread over about
HURVLRQDQGDUHKRPHWRVHYHUDOÀVKHVDQGPDULQH
5,675 sq km. Since they are closer to populated animals. Mangroves consisting of a Rhizophora–
70
habitations, they are under continuous pressure
Avicennia–Bruguiera species combination are more or less adjoining to villages and are
commonly seen along coastal highways. vulnerable to encroachment. These lands need to
be conserved with utmost care. These are mostly
In addition to the general forest types men-
INTRODUCTION
in Soraba and Sagar taluks, with a few patches in
WLRQHGDERYH.DUQDWDND·VIRUHVWVH[KLELW DQXP-
Shikaripura and Hosanagara taluks. A few similar
ber of sub-types due to edaphic or biotic factors.
patches are also met within Banavasi range of
These include the shola forests of Bababudangiri,
Sirsi forest division in Uttara Kannada district.
Brahmagiri, Kudremukh, Bisle, Karni and other
7KHVH IRUHVW SDWFKHV DUH JRRG H[DPSOHV RI ZKDW
hill ranges, Devarakadus of Kodagu district, Kans
FDQEHWHUPHGDVHGDSKLFSRVWFOLPD[IRUHVW
of Shivamogga district, +RSHDSDUYLÁRUD(kiral-
bogi) woodlands of Dakshina Kannada and Udu- Floral Diversity of Karnataka
pi districts, Myristica swamps of Uttara Kannada Western Ghats forests
district, Hardwickia forests of Ballari and Chitra-
The natural vegetation of Karnataka is diverse,
durga districts, Boswellia forests of Ballari and
ranging from tropical wet evergreen to scrub
Haveri districts, Lateritic semi-evergreen forests
forests, depending upon the climate, altitude
of Belagavi and the coastal districts, Shorea talu
and edaphic factors. It can be broadly divided
ra (jalari) patches in and around Bengaluru, etc.
into Southern Tropical Moist Forests (Southern
The distribution of evergreen, semi-evergreen,
tropical wet evergreen forests, Southern tropical
moist deciduous, dry deciduous and scrub for-
semi-evergreen forests, Southern tropical
ests in Karnataka as assessed by Karnataka State
moist deciduous forests, littoral mangroves),
Remote Sensing Application Center, Bengaluru
Southern Tropical dry forests (Southern tropical
(2006) is indicated below:
dry deciduous forests) and Southern montane
Table: Distribution of forest types in Karnataka forests. These forests are the main storehouse
of the biodiversity, major divisions of which are
Sl. Forest type Extent (sq.km) No.
described in following paragraphs:
Evergreen and Semi-ever-
1 green forest 8,275
Angiosperms
2 Moist deciduous forest 8,385 7KH DQJLRVSHUPV RU ÁRZHULQJ SODQWV GRPLQDWH
3 Dry deciduous forest 5,675 the vegetation throughout the world. In
4. Scrub forest 7,655 Karnataka, so far about 4,700 species belonging
&RPSLOHGIURP/DQGXVH/DQGFODVVLÀFDWLRQ to 1,512 genera under 189 families have been
recorded. Over 600 species reported endemic to
Devarakadu: or Sacred groves of Kodagu
Southern India occur in Karnataka, of which 95
district are pockets of rich evergreen or semi-
DUH H[FOXVLYHO\ HQGHPLF WR .DUQDWDND Endemic
evergreen forests with enormous plant diversity.
Plant Species of Karnataka $ERXWÁRZHULQJ
The erstwhile rulers of Coorg used to grant
plant species occurring in Karnataka are listed
forest lands in the name of village deities to be
in Red Data Book of Indian Plants by Botanical
preserved as virgin forests called Devarakaadu.
6XUYH\ RI ,QGLD RI ZKLFK DUH QRWLÀHG RQ WKH
Because of continuous protection provided by
Section 38 of the Biodiversity Act 2002 and are
the local inhabitants, these pockets of forests
FRQVLGHUHG WR EH XQGHU WKH YHUJH RI H[WLQFWLRQ
have attained a stage which can be called a
(7KH*D]HWWHRI,QGLD1RWLÀFDWLRQ
ELRWLFSRVWFOLPD[6LPLODUIRUHVWSDWFKHVDUHDOVR
met within other districts in the Western Ghats Hubbardia heptaneuron Bor is a critically
region. Preservation of these forests has vital social HQGDQJHUHGELVSHFLÀFJUDVVRIWKH:HVWHUQ*KDWV
VLJQLÀFDQFHLQPDLQWDLQLQJÁRZRIZDWHULQULYHUV 7KH JUDVV ZDV ÀUVW FROOHFWHG LQ WKH -RJ IDOOV
and their tributaries originating from the forests areas, Shimoga district in 1919 and described
of the Western Ghats. in 1950. It was then considered to be endemic
to the Jog Falls area. It was declared to have
Kans are special types of forest lands found in
SUREDEO\ EHFRPH H[WLQFW ZKHQ WKH UHSRUWHG
Sagar forest division of Shivamogga district. The
area was revisited in 1990s and the grass was
Kan lands have typical microclimate sustaining
not found. This unique grass species was then
evergreen and semi-evergreen vegetation in areas
collected from Tillari Ghat in Kolhapur district,
otherwise surrounded by deciduous vegetation.
Maharashtra. Taking into account the unique 71
These lands are very rich in bio-diversity, occur
and critically endangered status of the species, of the classes &\DQRSK\FHDH &KORUR SK\FHDH
a serious restoration programme was launched, Xanthophycea, Chrysophyceae, Euglenophyceae,
supported by Department of Biotechnology, 'LQRSK\FHDH %DFLOODULRSK\FHDH 3KDHRSK\FHDH
HAND BOOK OF
government of India, New Delhi in 2006. Several and Rhodophyceae 2XW RI WKHVH WD[D DUH
KARNATAKA
suitable locations, from Jog Falls in the south to endemic to India and 100 of them are endemic to
someshwar ghat, Agumbe in the north, a stretch Karnataka. 3KDHSK\FHDHand Rhodophyceae were
of 667 km including 16 ghat regions at 108 reported from the marine habitats in the west
locations have been covered. FRDVW RI .DUQDWDND ZLWK D IHZ WD[D IURP IUHVK
water streams in the Western Ghats.
Gymnosperms
These are a small group of naked seeded plants Fungi
represented in different biomes of the world. Fungi are a diverse group of lower organisms
In Karnataka about 26 species are recorded, of like mushrooms and yeast. They obtain their food
which only 6 are wild and the rest are cultivated, by decomposing other organisms. With variations
mostly as ornamentals. All the 3 wild cycas in the seasonal climates, precipitation and a
species, namely, Cycas circinalis L., Cycas indica variety of host species, Karnataka presents a very
A. Lindstr. & K.D. Hill and Cycas swami Rita FRQJHQLDOHQYLURQPHQWIRU WKH ULFKHUP\FRÁRUD
6LQJK 35DGKD DUH HQGHPLF ZLWK WKH ÀUVW RQH the Fungi and the fungal analogues &KURPLVWD
being widely endemic in Peninsular India and the DQG3URWR]RD . The Ascomycota - the largest group
last two are known only from Mandya and Hassan of fungi in the state includes about 82% of Fungi
districts. while Basidiomycota - the second largest group
includes about 16% of them. The remaining Fungi
Pteridophytes
and the fungal analogues account for about 2-3%
The Pteridophytes include ferns and fernallies. of these organisms in the state. A total of about
So far about 1,288 species are recorded in India. In 1,255 species under about 410 genera and 140
Karnataka, so far a total of 178 species (including families have been recorded occurring in the
4 sub-species and 4 varieties) belonging to 80 state. Out of these, 380 species are known to
genera and 30 families are recorded, of which occur in Karnataka state only.
eleven species are endemic to the state.
Lichens
Bryophytes
Lichens are a symbiotic association of algae
Bryophytes are non-vascular land plants and fungi. Lichenologically, Karnataka is quite
and include mosses, liverworts and hornworts. ULFK EXW KDV QRW EHHQ H[SORUHG WKRURXJKO\
The coastal plains and the Western Ghats of Major areas, particularly protected areas, remain
Karnataka present congénial conditions for XQGHUH[SORUHGRUXQH[SORUHG5DSLGGHIRUHVWDWLRQ
JURZWKRIEU\RSK\WHV7KHEU\RORJLFDOH[SORUDWLRQV DQG LQGLVFULPLQDWH H[SORLWDWLRQ RI WKHVH IRUHVWV
LQ .DUQDWDND DUH VSRUDGLF EXW ODUJHO\ FRQÀQHG are gradually reducing the number of lichen
to certain bryologically rich areas only and species in the state. Presently, about 438
KHQFH ODFN ERWK LQ LQWHQVLW\ DQG H[WHQW $ WRWDO species belonging to 111 genera are recorded
of 128 species including 4 sub-species and one from Karnataka against 2,481 species under 321
variety belonging to 128 genera and 58 families genera known so far from India. It forms 17.85%
are updated in the state. It may be of interest to OLFKHQ ÁRUD RI WKH FRXQWU\ )RUW\IRXU VSHFLHV RI
note that Notothylas dissecta Steph. which was OLFKHQV DUH H[FOXVLYHO\ HQGHPLF WR .DUQDWDND
originally described from Guatemala was later while another 59 species distributed in the state
discovered in the Western Ghats of Karnataka. are endemic to India. Mysore University has also
Notothylas pandei 8GDU 9&KDQGUDLVH[WUHPHO\ done some work in this regard. Fifteen locations
rare and is known. of Mysuru, Kodagu and Chamarajanagar districts
Algae were screened for lichens using belt transact
method. Totally 173 species of lichens, belonging
7KHVH DUH VLPSOH QRQÁRZHULQJ DTXDWLF SODQWV
to 40 families under 79 genera were enumerated.
which do not have root, stem or leaves. They
Among the 173 species recorded in all the
belong to a primitive plant group which conducts
collection sites, 59 lichen species are said to be
72 photosynthesis. In Karnataka, a total of 1,761 new reports to Karnataka state.
DOJDO WD[D DUH UHSRUWHG EHORQJLQJ WR JHQHUD
Medicinal plants can be found in all kinds of of mammals representing 48 families and 14
habitats and in all plant varieties. About 2,000 orders are distributed in Karnataka with majority
medicinal plants are estimated to be used by of these being found in its Western Ghats region.
INTRODUCTION
healers of Indian system of medicine, industries
Primates such as Nilgiri Langur (Trachypithecus
and by different ethnic groups. Various medicinal
johnii Fischer), Grey Langur (Semnopithecus
plants are harvested from different parts of the
dussumieri I. Geoffroy SaintHilaire), /LRQWDLOHG
state to meet the requirement of herbal industries
Macaque (Macaca silenus Linneaus) and Bonnet
and others but no estimations are available on
0DFDTXH 0DFDFD UDGLDWD Geoffroy) are found
the species, quantity and areas from where they
in the Western Ghats and are well distributed
are harvested. Although Karnataka Biodiversity
in Karnataka. The Slender Loris of India (Loris
Board has been making efforts to get this data,
lydekkerianus Cabrera and L.l malabaricus
it may take a very long time to prepare a plan
Wroughton) found in the Ghats are accorded
for sustainable harvest. If urgent measures are
the status of near threatened in the IUCN Red
not taken to stop their unsustainable harvest and
List of threatened species, and at the national
for developing a package of practices to cultivate
level, they have been assigned the highest level of
them, many species may disappear and the state
protection under Schedule I, Part I of the Wildlife
may have to depend on importing such resources.
(Protection) Act, 1972.
The traditional knowledge associated with bio-
India is home to 70 percent of tigers in the
diversity is also a matter of great concern. A wealth
world. In 2006, there were 1,411 tigers which
of information, which is at the risk of being lost
increased to 1,706 in 2011 and to 2,226 in
or forgotten, is available with local healers,
2014. The “Mudumalai - Bandipur - Nagarhole
village elders and various ethnic groups. This
:D\DQDGµ FRPSOH[ KROGV WKH ZRUOG·V VLQJOH
LQIRUPDWLRQ QHHGV WR EH FROODWHG VFLHQWLÀFDOO\
largest tiger population currently estimated at
validated, protected and used for the welfare of
over 570 tigers” (2014 tiger assessment report).
humanity at large. The Department of Studies in
Karnataka has 406 tigers. The latest tiger census
Botany, University of Mysore and the Department
of Applied Botany, Mangalore University, ÀJXUHVDOVRVKRZWKDW.DUQDWDNDKDVWKHKLJKHVW
with funds from Vision Group on Science and number of tigers in the age group of 1.5 years
Technology (VGST), Government of Karnataka, and more. Thus, Karnataka has been declared
have established medicinal gardens consisting of as No.1 state in tiger population in the country.
rare, endangered, threatened, endemic and other The state has 5 tiger reserves, namely, Bandipur,
medicinal plants collected from the Western Ghats Bhadra, Nagarahole, Dandeli-Anshi and Biligiri
and other parts of Karnataka. The total collection Rangaswamy Temple tiger reserves. In addition
H[FHHGVSODQWV to the above, the National Tiger Conservation
$XWKRULW\ 17&$ GXULQJ KDVDFFRUGHGÀQDO
Faunal diversity of Karnataka approval to Kudremukh national park as the new
Karnataka has a unique position in the map of WLJHUUHVHUYH,QGLD·V WRWDO OHRSDUG SRSXODWLRQ LV
India, in that a major part (60%) of the Western estimated to be in the range of 12,000 to 14,000
Ghats is located in the state. The Ghats host (WII,2015). Western Ghats harbors nearly 2,487
many species of animal life, several of which leopards, of which Karnataka accounts for 1,129,
are endemic. The state has a long history of the highest among the Western Ghats states.
FRQVHUYDWLRQ DWWDLQHG WKURXJK QRWLÀFDWLRQ RI D
Striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena Linnaeus)
network of 50 protected areas (5 national parks,
H[KLELWV GLVFRQWLQXRXV GLVWULEXWLRQ DOO WKURXJK
30 wildlife sanctuaries, 14 conserve reserves
the northern regions of the state. Sporadic
and one community reserve). In addition, four
occurrences were also recorded from wetter
biodiversity heritage sites and one inter-state
forests of Pushpagiri wildlife sanctuary and
biosphere reserve (Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve) are
from the forests of Yellapur taluk in Uttara
DOVRQRWLÀHG
Kannada district and Narsimharajapura taluk of
Mammalia Out of the total number of 428 Chikkamagaluru district. Wild dog or Dhole (Cuon
species of mammals recorded from India, which alpines Pallas,1811) was recorded in the forested
represent about 7.29% of the global mammalian landscape. It is included in the IUCN Endangered
species, 150 species (165 species and subspecies) 73
list. 3DUDGR[XUXVMHUGRQL%ODQIRUG -HUGRQ·VSDOP
civet) was once fairly plentiful in Kodagu (Coorg) Distribution of lizards
district, Karnataka. Karanth (1986), based on In Karnataka, 79 species of lizards are
sighting in Koppa forest division, opined that distributed, of which as many as 22 species
HAND BOOK OF
Malabar Civet (Viverra civvettina Blyth) still
KARNATAKA
have been described as new to science from the
maintains a large range. The common palm civet state discovered in recent years. Cyrtodactylus
3DUDGR[XUXV KHUPDSKURGLWHV Pallas is found srilekhae Agarwal has been described in 2016
distributed from Shivamogga to Anamalai hill from Thathaguni, Bengaluru Urban district.
UDQJH DQG H[WHQGV IXUWKHU XS WR &KLQDU ZLOGOLIH This species has also been recorded from Nandi
sanctuary, Kerala. Martes gwatkinsii +RUVHÀHOG Hills in Chikkaballapur district, Devarayandurga
the Nilgiri Marten is found among the shola in Tumakuru district and Savandurga in
grasslands, dry and moist deciduous forests and Ramanagara district. Varanus bengalensis
tropical evergreen forests between 350-2500 m Daudinis widely distributed throughout the sub-
in the Western Ghats in Kerala, Karnataka and continent. Ocyceros griseus Latham (Malabar grey
TamilNadu. However, from indirect evidence, the hornbill) Malabar grey hornbill shares the habitat
species appears to be very rare. Wild pig (Sus scrofa with other hornbills but is endemic to the Western
Linnaeus) is one of the most widely distributed Ghats and commonly met with in Karnataka.
large mammals. The occupancy of Chital (Axis
axis (U[OHEHQ DQG6DPEDU Rusa unicolor Kerr) in Distributrion of snakes
the Western Ghats landscape is recorded within Eighty-three (83) species of snakes are found in
20,760 sq.km and 37,899 sq.km respectively. As Karnataka. Out of 14 families of snakes, members
per census carried out during 2012, elephants in of the family 7\SKORSLGDH7\SKORSVDFXWXVLVare
Karnataka number in the range of 5,648-6,488. distributed in peninsular India. Members of the
As regards diversity of Bats (Chiroptera), 53 species family Uropeltidae show a very interesting pattern
out of 119 species in India are distributed in the RI GLVWULEXWLRQ DQG H[KLELW IRVVRULDOKDELWV 7KH\
state. The large eared free tailed bat Otomops are restricted to southern India and comprise of
wroughtoni Thomas is known from a single 45 species; however, in Karnataka, the following
location in Barapede cave near Talewadi, Belagavi species are distributed, namely, Melanophdium
district, Karnataka (Ramakrishna, 2004). bilineatum (known by three juvenile specimens),
Aves (Birds) M punctatum Beddome, M. wynaudense Beddome;
3OHFWUXUXV SHUURWHWL Duméril, Bibron & Duméril,
A total of 509 bird species are found in the
3 FDQDULFXV Beddome; Uropeltisellioti Gray, U.
Western Ghats, of which 17 are endemic. Of the
ocellatus Beddome, U. rubromaculatus Beddome,
endemics, seven occur in low elevation forests,
U. rubrolineatus Gunther, U. phipsonii Masson, U.
including species such as the grey headed bulbul
ceylanicus Cuvier.
3\FQRQRWXV SULRFHSKDOXV Jerdon, white-bellied
tree pie Dendrocitta leucogastra Gould and Conservation of sea turtles
Malabar parakeet 3VLWWDFXOD FROXPERLGHV Vigors, Sea turtles are a fascinating group of marine
while the remaining are associated with higher
animals that travel a long distance for breeding
elevations. Among them are the white-bellied
LQ VXLWDEOH KDELWDW 2I WKH ÀYH NQRZQVSHFLHVRI
short wings Brachypteryx major Jerdon, Nilgiri
marine turtles, four species visit the coastal belt
Á\FDWFKHUEumyias albicaudata Jerdon and broad
RI.DUQDWDND7KHVHDUH 2OLYH5LGOH\+DZN·VELOO
tailed grass bird Schoenicola platyura Jerdon.
Green Turtle and Leather back; all are protected
The Karnataka checklist (Ramakrishna, 2016)
under the WLPA as well as the Convention of
includes as many as 529 bird species covering
Migratory Species (CMS). When turtles visit the
both the Western Ghats and the maidan regions of
coast for nesting, they are subjected to poaching
the state. There are 37 important bird areas and
for eggs by feral dogs, jackals and other predators.
38 species of Globally Threatened Birds (IUCN)
As they usually nest during late nights or early
distributed in Karnataka.
mornings, strict vigil is needed. Normally their eggs
Reptilia An updated checklist of 572 species of are collected from different locations and buried
reptiles recorded till date from India includes 3 at a suitable place on the seashore and protection
species of crocodiles, 34 species of turtles and is provided by putting enclosures to prevent entry
74 tortoises, 232 species of lizards and 302 species of predators. Hatching takes place within 50-55
of snakes belonging to 28 families. days and the young ones, after emergence from
the sand, instinctively start moving towards the known to be the food for poultry farms. In India
VHD7KLVLVDQRWKHUVWDJHZKHQ WKH\ DUH H[SRVHG as many as 5,189 species of land, freshwater
to predation and need utmost protection. Village and marine mollusca are known out of which
INTRODUCTION
forest committees and NGOs have been involved 473 species are from Karnataka. These include
in this effort. 49 freshwater species, 152 land species and 272
marine species.
Amphibia
Out of 418 amphibian species in India, 364 Echinoderms: In India as many as 777 species
species are frogs, two are salamanders and 52 are known. The recorded numbers of species from
are caecilians. Western Ghats hill ranges are Karnataka are only 30. There is a vast scope of
represented by 256 species of amphibians and discovery of more species.
Karnataka is known to have 98 of them comprising
Annelida: A total of 228 species of annelids
of 87 frog species and 11 caecilians. Among the
are Brachyophidium rhodogaster Wall endemic
98 amphibian species known from Karnataka,
to Southern Western Ghats, Melanophidium
56 species are described from the state and 40
biliniatum Beddome in Coorg and Nilgiri hills,
species are endemic. Of these 98 species, 4% are
Rhinolophis sanguineus Beddome. All members
critically endangered, 12% are endangered, 7%
of Uropeltids found in India are endemic to the
are vulnerable, 3% are near threatened, 27% are
country known from the state. These include 21
RIOHDVWFRQFHUQDUHGDWDGHÀFLHQWDQG
are not evaluated. species of earth-worms, 31 species of freshwater
oligochaeta, 16 species of freshwater microdile, 7
Invertebrates species of branchiopoda, 10 species of leeches
Invertebrate diversity is important for a DQG VSHFLHV RI SRO\FKDHWHV6XIÀFLHQW VFRSH
multitude of ecosystem services and as a IRUIXUWKHUH[SORUDWLRQVRIWKHJURXSH[LVWV
component of the larger ecological food web.
Sometimes inconspicuous, the invertebrates Scolopendridae: This group includes
account for a vast majority of species on earth. centipedes. As on date only 9 species are recorded
$EHWWHUXQGHUVWDQGLQJRIWKHIDFWRUVLQÁXHQFLQJ from the state.
WD[RQRPLFULFKQHVVDQGGLYHUVLW\RILQYHUWHEUDWHV Crustacea: Thirty-one (31) species of freshwater
is important for conserving biodiversity. This Cladocera, 36 species of marine shrimps, 20
FODVV RIOLIH IRUPVLV \HWWR EH IXOO\ H[SORUHGDQG species of freshwater shrimps, 12 species
documented. Hence, a gist of the available and of lobsters, 16 species of hermit crabs, 126
interesting information is presented below: species of Brachyuran marine crabs, 10 species
Protozoa: As many as 191 species of protozoa of freshwater and land crabs, 29 species of
have been reported from Karnataka. freshwater cladocerans are known. The number
recorded is far from reality, as the state has not
Zooplankton: A total of 136 zooplankton species EHHQH[SORUHGSURSHUO\
belonging to 56 families from the coast and 58
freshwater species are recorded from Karnataka. Arachnids: Thirteen species of scorpions
falling under 6 genera and 3 families are known
Marine Sponges: As many as 451 species of
from the state. Spiders are potential bio-control
PDULQHVSRQJHVDUHNQRZQRIZKLFK.DUQDWDND·V
agents because they are relatively resistant to
share is 16 species from the coast.
starvation and desiccation. Additionally, spiders
Mollusca: Mollusca play a very important role become active as soon as conditions are favorable
as link in food chains. They are detritus feeders DQGWKH\DUHDPRQJWKHÀUVWSUHGDWRUVFDSDEOHRI
and improve quality of bottom sediments and soil limiting pests. In India, spiders are represented
condition. Some Mollusca are widely distributed. by 1,686 species belonging to 438 genera of 61
The freshwater Mollusca are good indicators families (WSC, 2015). Keswani et al., (2012) listed
of quality of water; the genera like Thiara and 91 species of Mygalomorphae under 28 genera
Indopianorbis thrive well in slightly polluted belonging to 8 families from Karnataka. By taking
environment. Similarly, the members of genera into account the listed species, the state has more
Lymnea are opportunistic and thrive in polluted than 150 species of spiders. Of the nine living
water. A large number of species distributed in orders under Arachnida, the Acari comprising the
75
the estuarine areas of Uttara Kannada district are mites and ticks form an important group. Indian
Phytoseiidae is meagre with only 172 species 132 species of Cicadas, 44 species of Membracids,
known till 2003. During the period 2005-2007, 32 species under 24 genera of Neuropterans are
51 species under 14 genera of phytoseiids have known from the state.
been collected on 126 plant species in four agro-
HAND BOOK OF
KARNATAKA
Among Coleopterans (Beetles), family The
climatic regions of Karnataka.
nebrionidae is represented in Karnataka by 47
Insecta: Largest group among the animal species under 23 genera and 4 sub-families. The
kingdom of the 1,700,000 species of animals and families Scarabidae and Cerambicidae (horned
plants that have been described in the world, beetles) are represented in the state by152
nearly 1,200,000 species are animals, and three and 93 species respectively. Curculoindae and
fourths (900,000 species) of them are insects. Coccinellids have 43 and 68 species respectively
According to the results of study on tropical forest from Karnataka. 144 species of dipterans are
and other major habitats, the actual number recorded from the state. Among Indian Tabanids,
of insects inhabiting on Earth is estimated to FRPPRQO\NQRZQDVKRUVHÁLHVVSHFLHVDUH
reach 30 million species (Lee et al., 1994). This known of which 27 species under 3 genera are
FODVV RI OLIH IRUPV LV \HW WR EH IXOO\ H[SORUHG DQG known from Karnataka. Bombylids, commonly
documented in the state. Hence, the available NQRZQ DV ¶EHHÁLHV· ZLWK VSHFLHV IURP ,QGLD
and interesting information is presented 142 include 42 species of 19 genera from Karnataka.
VSHFLHVRIGUDJRQÁLHVDQGGDPVHOÁLHVDUHNQRZQ Family Calliphoridae commonly known as
from Karnataka comprising of 79 genera and 14 ¶EORZÁLHV· LQFOXGH VSHFLHV IURP ,QGLD DQG
families. Of these, 41 species are endemic to the .DUQDWDND·V FRQWULEXWLRQ LV VSHFLHV XQGHU
hill streams and forests of the Western Ghats of JHQHUD 6DUFRSKDJLGDH LQFOXGHV ¶ÁHVK ÁLHV· ZLWK
.DUQDWDNDVSHFLHVRI(SKHPHURSWHUD 0D\ÁLHV HJJ SDUDVLWRLGV· DWWDFNLQJ WKH HJJV RI ZLGH
are known from Karnataka. In 2014, three new range of insects having relevance to agriculture and
species of Plectopterans were described (Tyloperla forestry. Fifty-seven (57) species under 19 genera
agumbe Sivec & Stark), Tyloperla Karnataka Sivec are known from the state. 257 species of ants have
& Stark and Neoperla agumbe Sivec & Stark, all been described from the state till date, including
from Agumbe; with 5 already known species, now PDQ\ ZKLFK DUH QHZ .DUQDWDND·V EXWWHUÁ\ DQG
the number of known species is 8. Orthopterans, moth collections contain less than 50% of the
commonly known as grass hoppers, which have estimated 11,300 species found in India. Species
EHHQ H[WHQVLYHO\ VWXGLHG LQFOXGH VSHFLHV from India represented by 28 species under 16
genera from Karnataka. Siphonopterans are
under 111 genera and 10 families. 58 species
commonly ectoparasites of birds and mammals
under 44 genera and two families of Acridoidea
with nearly 46 species and 5 sub-species from
are known from Karnataka, in addition to 160
India. Of this, 14 species are represented in
species, thus a total of 218 species are known.
Karnataka. A total of 142 Thysanoptera (thrips)
32 species of Dermapterans belonging to 19
species are known from Karnataka. Hymenoptera
genera and 6 families are known from the state.
a yet another large order includes 76 species from
31 species of Embiopterans commonly known
WKH VWDWH $ QHZ VSHFLHV RI 1HWRPRFHUD %RXĀHN
as web spinners are known from India in which
(Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) Netomoceraminuta
.DUQDWDND·V FRQWULEXWLRQ LQFOXGHV VSHFLHV
Sureshan & Nikhil is described from the southern
under 3 genera and two families. Of 162 species
Western Ghats of Karnataka.
RI0DQWRGHDFRPPRQO\NQRZQDV¶SUD\LQJPDQWLV·
NQRZQ IURP ,QGLD .DUQDWDND·V FRQWULEXWLRQ LV Island Biodiversity of Karnataka Between
27 species under 23 genera. Blottoidea includes Karwar and Mangaluru, there are many small
cockroaches. Out of 57 genera and 156 species rocky islands and sub-marine banks e.g. Pigeon
accommodated under 5 families reported from Island near Bhatkal (16 km offshore) and St.
India, 11 genera and 12 species under 4 families 0DU\·V ,VODQG QHDU 0DOSH 0DQ\ VXFK LVODQGV
are recorded from Karnataka. 59 species of Isoptera are also off Karwar coast. These tiny islands are
(termites) are recorded in Karnataka. Records of rocky and fairly dissected. Some of the islands
145 species of Thysonoptera (thrips) are known are about 70 m high. The southern Karnataka
from the state. Hemiptera (Bugs) are known by 78 coast is of emergent shoreline and is mostly with
species under 42 genera of 11 families of aquatic sandy beaches interspersed with some rocks
76 and semi aquatic bugs from Karnataka. A total of and boulders. The islands coastal and marine
ecosystems also contain a diversity of habitats Fishes: $OWRJHWKHU ÀVKVSHFLHVDUHUHSRUWHG
that are biologically diverse and include sea grass WKH PDMRU RQHV DUH 7ULJJHU ÀVK $QJHO *LDQW
beds, coral reefs, mangrove forests and dry scrub eels, Moray eels, Sergeant majors and Cow nosed
INTRODUCTION
forest. Of these islands, Nethrani requires a special rays. From this area, as many as 26 species and
mention. 4 genera are new records to the Indian coast.
%HVLGHV VHYHUDO FRUDO ÀVKHV DUH GLVWULEXWHG LQ
Netrani island stands isolated in the deep blue
the area. The island is also rich in Humphead
open waters of the Arabian sea located 19 km
wrassae (Cheilinus undulates Ruppell), a widely
off Murudeswar in Uttara Kannada district. The
GLVWULEXWHGDQGPRVWVRXJKWDIWHUÀVKWKHZKDOH
importance of this small island is known only shark (Rhincodon typus Smith), the giant clam
to some adventurous people and to the divers who (Tridachna maxima Roding) and dancing shrimp
understand the underwater ecology. The total (Rhynchocinetes durbanensis Gordon). Nudi-
area of the Island is about 29 ha. Due to its island branchs (Mollusca) are the most notable species
morphology, it is unapproachable during the rainy reported from the area. Netrani has been a subject
season. matter of Court litigation also. The Indian Navy
Biodiversity of the Island: The Island has has been carrying out target practice on the island.
VHYHUDO HOHPHQWV RI ÁRUD VXUYLYLQJ LQ LVRODWLRQ Since it was feared that such target practice
from the main land community and adapted to ZRXOGGDPDJH WKHXQLTXHÁRUDand fauna of the
seasonal desiccation, high speed wind and south island, some interested groups approached the
west monsoon rains. Floristically, the island has High Court of Karnataka with a prayer to restrain
semi evergreen forests similar to the forests of the WKH QDYDO DXWKRULWLHV 7KH +RQ·EOH +LJK &RXUW
coast. Due to its isolation, the island has unique looking into the concerns of national defense, has
ÁRUDO FRPPXQLW\ HVSHFLDOO\ WKH KHUEDFHRXV DOORZHGWKHQDY\WRFRQWLQXHLWVH[HUFLVHV6LPLODU
to Netrani, a group of Islands known as Coconut
climber of the genus Luffa which includes the
,VODQG6W0DU\·VJURXSRI,VODQGV0XONL,VODQGV
cultivated ridge-gourd. The island has also a good
and other smaller ones are located in the coastal
repository of Ashoka Tree Saraca asoca (included
districts of the state. These small rocky islands
under the Sacred trees of India), the bark of which
and submarine banks form geological heritage
has medicinal properties. Species of Nothopodia,
sites (geosites) that contain information about
yet another important medicinal plant is also
the state and the dynamics of the Earth. Paleo
present in the island besides some mango trees.
geographical (paleoenvironmental) geo-sites
6SHFLHVRIÀJV Ficus arnottiana (Miq.) Miq., Ficus
preserve paleoenvironments, paleo-ecosystems,
drupacea Thunb., Ficus callosa Willd and Ficus
and other relevant phenomena. However, the
amplissima Sm.) are important ones and act as
value of these sites can only be fully understood
“Key-stone Species” in the island.
through professional interpretation of the
Bird Community: Nearly 21 species of birds observed features.
KDYHEHHQLGHQWLÀHG IURPWKHDUHDVRPHRIWKHP
Environment Situation in Karnataka
being winter and seasonal migrants. Notable
Survival of life on the earth depends on the
endangered birds of the island are White Bellied
availability of natural resources. The use of these
Eagle (Haliaeetus leucogaster Gmelin), Indian
resources has an impact on the environment
edible-nest Swiftlet (Collacalia unicolor Jerdon)
around us. Water usage leads to its pollution.
and Large and Lesser crested Terns (Sterna bergii
Coal, oil, minerals and metals are being depleted
9HOR[DQG Sterna bengalensis Leson). All of them by increasing usage. A high level of irrigation,
are included under the Wildlife Protection Act, unless accompanied by proper drainage, make
1972. the soil saline or waterlogged. Combustion of fuels
Coral Reefs: The Marine Biology Department UHVXOWVLQJUHDWHUDFFXPXODWLRQRIFDUERQGLR[LGH
of Karwar and the Central Marine Fisheries leading to global warming. This use and depletion
Research Institute (CMFRI), Kochi have reported of resources has in impact on our environment.
WKH H[LVWHQFH RI ULFK FRUDO UHHIV VXUURXQGLQJ $ERXW VL[W\ SHU FHQW RI WKH ODQG DUHD LQ WKH
the Netrani island. As many as 11 genera of the States is under one or other type of agriculture.
reef building corals were found in the area as a This is above the national average of 51 per cent. 77
fringing coral reef system on the granite base.
A portion of this land is marginal for agriculture useless for irrigation when the sluices can no
and requires higher inputs but gives lower yields. longer be opened. The solution proposed for the
As subsistence farming is economically non- silting problem is afforestation of the catchment
WRWKHH[WHQWSRVVLEOHEDQQLQJFXOWLYDWLRQLQWKH
HAND BOOK OF
viable, this land is soon degraded and the soil
KARNATAKA
is eroded. Land that cannot support agriculture foreshore lands and construction of small check
could well be suitable for forestry and pasture. dams upstream to trap the silt.
Irrigated land has been rendered saline or water-
7KH H[SORLWDWLRQ RI UHQHZDEOH DQG QRQ
logged due to water use. Thus in the upper
renewable natural resources is likely to have an
Krishna Project about 71,000 ha, have become
environmental impact. Increased production of
either saline or alkaline. In the command area
minerals will vary with the location, method and
of the Tungabhadra reservoir about 33,000 ha,
magnitude of operations. Area surrounding the
are either saline or water logged; 24,455 ha are
mines will also be affected by the works as well
saline or waterlogged in the Malaprabha and
DV ZRUNHUV 6R WKH H[WHQW DQG PRGH RI PLQLQJ
Ghataprabha (command) area and 16,500 ha, in
must be regulated by ecological considerations for
the Cauvery basin. Remedial measures are being
the long term utilization of resources. Pollution
undertaken in some areas at a high cost. Pasture
LV WKH LQWURGXFWLRQ RI H[WUDQHRXV PDWHULDOV LQWR
lands in the State have been steadily decreasing.
environment adversely affecting its normal use.
During 1956 to 1983, pastures came down by 31
per cent while animal units increased by 30 per Water pollution is caused mainly by discharge of
cent. Over grazing is bound to follow together with waste waters into natural water courses and water
compacting of the land cattle paths. bodies. Water is being polluted by industries and
KXPDQKDELWDWLRQV,QGXVWULDOHIÁXHQWVFDQFDXVH
$V D UHVXOW RI WKH H[SDQVLRQ RI DJULFXOWXUH organic, chemical and even hazardous pollution.
and its allied activities, the natural vegetation
in the plains has suffered the most. In fact, the ,Q RUGHU WR FRQWURO WKLV SROOXWLRQ HIÁXHQW
characteristic vegetation of this habitat namely the standards have been prescribed industry-
scrub forest has almost vanished. The wild life too wise. Thermal pollution caused by water
KDVSUDFWLFDOO\EHHQZLSHGRXWLQWKLVWUDFWH[FHSW with temperature above the ambient water
in isolated pockets. Similarly, in the Western temperature is also to be controlled. The Water
Ghats, the fragmentation of natural vegetation (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act was
has already reached alarming proportions and enacted by Parliament on 23rd March, 1974. The
this will have serious consequences on the rate greatest water pollution in the State is caused
RI H[WLQFWLRQ RI VSHFLHV 7KH ZLOG OLIH KDV EHHQ by Urban Agglomerations. It is obligatory on the
decimated in many parts of the State and its authorities to treat the sewage before discharging
numbers are rapidly dwindling due to loss of it. However, 139 of the 172 Municipalities do not
habitat, constant fragmentation and illegal killing. have functional underground drainage or sewage
treatment plants.
The forest areas in the Western Ghats are
being converted into plantations of cardamom, Air Pollution
cocoa, rubber, coffee and tea. Simultaneously Stack emissions from industries also emits
timber and fuel wood species are replacing the fumes containing both suspended particles
rich tropical forests. These plantations while DQG REQR[LRXV JDVHV 6WDFN HPLVVLRQ DUH WR EH
being commercially remunerative can cause controlled and have to conform to standards
great harm to the bio-diversity and habitat of devices like cyclones, scrubbers, electrostatic
WKHÁRUDDQGIDXQD9DVWIRUHVWDUHDVKDYHEHHQ precipitators and similar devices. The resultant
VXEPHUJHGE\K\GHOSURMHFWVRQWKHZHVWÁRZLQJ particulate matter gives a sludge which again has
rivers. Resettlement of the people displaced by to be disposed off. The Raichur Thermal Power
development projects has further reduced the plant produces around 3,000 tonnes of ash a
forest area by honey combing the forests with day. The Mangaluru Super Thermal Power Plant
human settlement. is estimated to generate 20,000 tonnes of ash
Silting is the most serious problems with tanks a day. A step towards controlling pollution and
and reservoirs. The capacity of the tanks goes protection of our environment was taken by the
Central enactment of Air (Prevention and Control
78 on decreasing every year, the tank irrigating less
and less land, ultimately becoming altogether Pollution) Act, 1981.
Noise pollution caused by 1) Industrial Noise, consisting of an Under Secretary and associated
7UDIÀF 1RLVH &XOWXUDO 1RLVH LV DOVR XQGHU staff. Field: The department has recently
the purview of this Air (Prevention and Control GHFHQWUDOL]HG LWVHOI DQG 6L[ 5HJLRQDO 'LUHFWRUV
INTRODUCTION
of Pollution) Act of 1981. Noise is as harmful to (Environment) are now posted at Kalaburagi,
the human being as polluted air and water. Noise Ballari, Belagavi, Dakshina Kannada, Uttara
pollution associated with urban life is on the Kannada and Udupi. The Regional Directors
increase. The vast majority of people are under posted at Dakshina Kannada, Uttara Kannada
the false impression that ears adapt to increased and Udupi will also be looking after the Coastal
noise levels. The truth is that they never do, but Zone Regulation aspects.
silently surrender their functions, with increasing
Activities of the Department: Enforcement
age of an individual.
of various Environment related Acts, Rules,
More comprehensive legislation to provide 1RWLÀFDWLRQV HWF LQFOXGLQJ ,PSOHPHQWDWLRQ
for the protection and improvement of the of Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act,
environment was Centrally enacted and termed the 1981, Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution)
Environment (Protection) Action 23rd May, 1986. Act, 1974, Environment Protection Act 1986
The Department of Ecology and Environment was DQG QRWLÀFDWLRQV LVVXHG XQGHU WKH (QYLURQPHQW
established in March 1981 to have an integrated Protection Act., Implementation of : National River
approach to deal with, prevention and control of air Conservation Plan, National Lake Conservation
and water pollution, preservation and development Plan, To accord Environmental Clearances
of forest wealth and other natural resources in the in respect of certain categories of industries,
State. The Environment (Protection) Act came into To take up activities for the protection of Bio-
IRUFHIURP1RYHPEHU DQGWKHH[LVWLQJ:DWHU diversity in the State, To oversee the activities /
Act and Air Act have been amended over the last functioning of Karnataka State Pollution Control
two years. Board, To oversee Coastal zone management
of Karnataka Acts and Rules administered by
The new provisions of the environmental the Department; The Water (Prevention and
laws enable the general public to question Control of Pollution) Act, Rules, 1974-75; The
the authorities involved in the environmental Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution)
pollution control in a court of law. The Ecology Cess Act, Rules, 1977-78; The Air (Prevention
and Environment department is now responsible and Control of Pollution) Act, Rules, 1981-83;
for the management of hazardous chemicals The Environment (Protection) Act and Rules,
and control of oil pollution in coastal waters. In 1986; The Hazardous Wastes (Management and
addition, beach management has also been given Handling) Rules, 1989; Manufacture, Storage and
considerable importance. Import of Hazardous Chemical Rules/Amendment
Rules, 1989, Amendment 1992 and 1994;
Department of Ecology and Environment
0DQXIDFWXUH 8VH ,PSRUW ([SRUW DQG 6WRUDJH
The Mandate of the department is to preserve and of hazardous Micro-Organisms, Genetically
enhance the quality of the natural environment, Engineered Micro-Organisms or Cell Rules,
including water, air and soil quality; conserve and 1989; Coastal Regulation Zone & Regulation
SURWHFWÁRUDIDXQDDQGRWKHUQDWXUDOUHVRXUFHV of Activity in CRZ, 1991; Environmental
enforce environmental Acts and Rules made Impact Assessment for Development Projects
by the Central Government and Government of 1RWLÀFDWLRQ $PHQGPHQW %LRPHGLFDO
Karnataka; co-ordinate various environmental Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 1998;
policies and programs. The Department is under Manufacture and Use of Recycled Plastics, Carry
the Administrative Control of Minister of Cabinet bags and Containers, 1999; Direction for Use of Fly
rank for Forest, Ecology and Environment. The Ash, Bottom Ash or Pond Ash in the Manufacture
Department is headed by The Principal Secretary, of Bricks & other construction activities, 1999;
Forest, Ecology and Environment and Secretary Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and
(Ecology & Environment). Handling) Rules, 2000; Biological Diversity Act,
2002.
Secretariat: The Department has a technical
wing consisting oID'LUHFWRUDQGVHYHQVFLHQWLÀF The Department of Ecology and Environment
RIÀFHUV DQG DOso an administrative section has a network of organisations working on 79
YDULRXV ÀHOGV RI HQYLURQPHQW 7KH QHWZRUN equitable distribution of biological resources. As
consists of Karnataka State Pollution Control per the provisions of the Act, the state has set up
Board (KSPCB); Environment Management WKH 6WDWH %LRGLYHUVLW\ %RDUG ZLWK WKH +RQ·EOH
HAND BOOK OF
KARNATAKA
Policy Research Institute (EMPRI); Indo Minister for Forest, Ecology & Environment as
Norwegian Environment Programme (INEP); Lake FKDLUSHUVRQÀYHH[RIÀFLRPHPEHUVDQGÀYHQRQ
Development Authority (LDA); Karnataka Bio- RIÀFLDOPHPEHUV
diversity Board (KBB) and Regional Environment
7KH 6WDWH %LRGLYHUVLW\ %RDUG is supposed to
OIÀFHV
advice the state government on matters relating
Bio-diversity of Karnataka: The state of to conservation of bio-diversity, sustainable
Karnataka is a part of the highly bio-diversity use of its components etc. It shall also regulate
rich regions of India. The state is endowed with access of biological resources by Indian citizens.
great diversity of climate, topography and soils. It The Act provides for constitution of Bio-diversity
spans the seacoast with rich aquatic biodiversity Management Committees that are to be constituted
and mangrove swamps at the mouths of estuaries. in each local body for the purpose of promoting
It harbours verdant tropical evergreen forests, conservation, sustainable use and documentation
SDGG\ÀHOGVFRFRQXWDQGDUHFDQXWRUFKDUGVRQWKH of biological diversity and chronicling of knowledge
QDUURZFRDVWÁDQNHGE\WKHKLOOVRI:HVWHUQ*KDWV relating to biological diversity. The Act also
,WEHDUVGHFLGXRXVZRRGVVFUXEMXQJOHVÀHOGVRI envisages setting up of a local bio-diversity fund,
sugarcane, cotton, groundnut, ragi and jowar in DWHYHU\DUHDQRWLÀHGE\6WDWH*RYHUQPHQWZKHUH
the Deccan plateau. The different environmental any institution of self-government is functioning.
regimes support their own characteristic set of This fund will include any grants and loans made
vegetation and animals. Karnataka supports ten by the National Bio-diversity Authority, grants
per cent of total tiger population and 25 per cent or loans made by State Bio-diversity Boards, all
of elephant population of the country. The state sums received by the local committee from other
KDVDURXQGVSHFLHVRIÁRZHULQJSODQWV sources etc.
species of birds, 160 species of mammals, 160
Coastal Zone Management: About the Law:
species of reptiles (turtles, snakes, lizards and
Central Government have declared the coastal
crocodiles), 70 species of frogs, and 800 species
stretches of seas, bays, estuaries, creeks, rivers
RI ÀVK 7KHVH ÀJXUHV JLYH D JRRG DFFRXQW RI WKH
DQG EDFN ZDWHUV ZKLFK DUH LQÁXHQFHG E\ WLGDO
ÁRUDODQGIDXQDOGLYHUVLW\RIWKHVWDWH7KHZHDOWK
action (in the landward side) upto 500 mts. from
of diversity of domesticated plants and animals in
the High Tide Line (HTL) and the land between
farms also holds much promise. The hill chain of
the Low Tide Line (LTL) and the HTL as “Coastal
Western Ghats is known to have greater diversity
Regulation Zone” (CRZ), on 19.2.1991.
of wild relatives of cultivated plants than any
other region of comparable size in the world. The &ODVVLÀFDWLRQ &ULWHULD DQG 5HJXODWRU\ 1RUPV
aquatic bio-diversity in Karnataka is very rich 7KH FRDVWDO UHJXODWLRQ ]RQH KDV EHHQ FODVVLÀHG
and harbors many endemic species. as CRZ-I, CRZ-II and CRZ-II in the State for the
purpose of regulation of the permitted activities.
Biological Diversity Act, 2002: The Biological
CRZ-I: Ecological sensitive area and the area
Diversity Act, which came into force in February
between High Tide Line (HTL) and Low Tide Line
2003, aims to promote conservation, sustainable
/7/ 1R QHZ FRQVWUXFWLRQ LV SHUPLWWHG H[FHSW
XVHDQGHTXLWDEOHVKDULQJRIEHQHÀWVRI,QGLD·VELR
IRU D IHZ VSHFLÀHG PRVW HVVHQWLDO DFWLYLWLHV OLNH
diversity resources. It provides for establishment
support activities for Atomic Energy Plants and
of a National Bio-diversity Authority at national
Defense requirements, facilities required for
level, State Bio-diversity Boards at state level and
GLVSRVDORIWUHDWHGHIÁXHQWVDQGRWKHUSRUWUHODWHG
Bio-diversity Management Committees at the level
water front activities. CRZ-II : The area that have
of Panchayats and Municipalities. The National
been developed upto or close to the shore line
Bio-diversity Authority shall play a regulatory role
which includes the designated urban areas that
with regard to access to biological resources by
are substantially built up. Buildings permitted
foreign citizens and grant of intellectual property
RQO\RQWKHODQGZDUGVLGHRIWKHH[LVWLQJURDG RU
80 rights. It shall play an advisory role in matters roads approved in the coastal zone Management
relating to the conservation, sustainable use and
Plan of the area) or on the landward side of the Management Authority, has been constituted
H[LVWLQJ DXWKRUL]HG VWUXFWXUHV DV GHÀQHG LQ WKH YLGHQRWLÀFDWLRQ1R62 ( GDWHG
QRWLÀFDWLRQ 5HFRQVWUXFWLRQ RI WKH DXWKRUL]HG by MOEF, GOI as per sub section (1) and (3)
INTRODUCTION
EXLOGLQJV SHUPLWWHG VXEMHFW WR H[LVWLQJ )6,)$5 of section 3 of Environment (protection) Act,
norms without change in the use. CRZ-III : The 1986 for a period of three years. The Authority
areas that are relatively undisturbed and those has the following functions;– 1) The Authority
which do not belong to either CRZ-I or CRZ-II has the power to take the following measures
which includes mainly the rural area and those for protecting and improving the quality of the
not substantially built up within designated coastal environment and preventing, abating and
urban areas. The area upto 200 mts. from HTL controlling environmental pollution in the coastal
is earmarked as “No Development Zone”. No areas of the State of Karnataka namely:
FRQVWUXFWLRQLVSHUPLWWHGZLWKLQWKLV]RQHH[FHSW
IRU UHSDLUV WR WKH H[LVWLQJ DXWKRUL]HG VWUXFWXUHV , ([DPLQDWLRQ RI SURSRVDOV IRU FKDQJHV
ZLWKRXW H[FHHGLQJ H[LVWLQJ )6, SOLQWK DUHD DQG RU PRGLÀFDWLRQV LQ FODVVLÀFDWLRQ RI &RDVWDO
density. Development of vacant plots between 200 Regulation Zone areas and in the Coastal Zone
and 500 mts. of HTL is permitted in CRZ III for Management Plan (CZMP) received from the
the purpose of construction of dwelling units and Karnataka State Government and making
hotels/beach resorts subject to certain conditions. VSHFLÀFUHFRPPHQGDWLRQVWRWKH1DWLRQDO&RDVWDO
Zone Management Authority therefor.
.DUQDWDND 6WDWH &RDVWDO =RQH 0DQDJHPHQW
3ODQ Coastal Zone Management Plan (CZMP) II. (a) Inquire into cases of alleged violations
of the state was prepared and was approved by of the provisions of the said Act or the rules
Ministry of Environment and Forest in the year made there under, or under any other law which
1996. According to this, areas covered under is related to the objects of the said Act and,
&5=, &5=,, DQG &5=,,, ZHUH LGHQWLÀHG XVLQJ LI IRXQG QHFHVVDU\ LQ D VSHFLÀF FDVH LVVXLQJ
satellite imagery and prepared maps in the scale directions under Section 5 of the said Act, in so
1:25,000. As the enforcement of the law and the far as such directions are not inconsistent with
management of the zone from the point of view DQ\ GLUHFWLRQ LVVXHG LQ WKDW VSHFLÀF FDVH E\ WKH
of protection of environment using this maps National Coastal Zone Management Authority or
ZDV GLIÀFXOW 7KH IROORZLQJ VWHSV DUH WDNHQ by the Central Government; (b) Review of cases
Demarcation of High Tide Line (HTL) and Low involving violations of the provisions of the said
7LGH/LQH /7/ RQWKHJURXQGDQGÀ[LQJUHIHUHQFH Act, and the rules made there under, or under
pillars all along the coast and rivers. Preparation any other law which is related to the objects of
of local level Coastal Regulation Zone Maps on the said Act, and if found necessary referring
the cadastral maps indicating HTL, LTL, 200 mt such cases, with comments, for review to the
line, 100 mt line and other lines required for the National Coastal Zone Management Authority:
purpose of enforcement of the law, the reference Provided that the cases under sub-clauses (a)
pillars and different zones of regulation. and (b) of this sub-paragraph may either be taken
The above task has been entrusted to National up suo-moto or on the basis of complaint made
+\GURJUDSKLF 2IÀFH 'HKUDGXQ ZKLFK LV DQ by an individual or a representative body or an
organization under the Ministry of Defence of organisation. III. Filing complaints under Section
Government of India and an agency authorized by 19 of the said Act in cases of non-compliance of
Ministry of Environment of Forest for this purpose the directions issued by it under sub-clause (a) of
at an estimated cost of Rs.2.34 crores. This sub-paragraph (ii) of paragraph 11 of the Order.
project is funded by KUIDFC under KUDCEMP. IV. To take action under Section 10 of the said Act
'HPDUFDWLRQ DQG À[LQJ RI UHIHUHQFH SLOODUV LV to verify the facts concerning the issues arising
completed in Dakshina Kannada District and the from sub-paragraphs (i) and (ii) of paragraph 11
work is under progress in the other two districts. of this Order.
Preparation of local level maps for Dakshina
V. The Authority deal with environmental issues
.DQQDGD'LVWULFWLVLQWKHÀQDOVWDJHDQGmapping
relating to Coastal Regulation Zone, which may be
of other two districts has begun.
referred to it by the Karnataka State Government,
.DUQDWDND 6WDWH &RDVWDO =RQH 0DQDJHPHQW the National Coastal Zone Management Authority
$XWKRULW\ Karnataka State Coastal Zone 81
or the Central Government. VI. The Authority
LGHQWLÀHV HFRORJLFDOO\ VHQVLWLYH DUHDV LQ WKH attending to the local issues concerned with the
Coastal Regulation Zone and formulates area- Coastal Regulation Zones.
VSHFLÀF PDQDJHPHQW SODQV IRU VXFK LGHQWLÀHG
Karnataka State Pollution Control Board
HAND BOOK OF
DUHDV 9,, 7KH $XWKRULW\ LGHQWLÀHV FRDVWDO DUHDV
KARNATAKA
United Nations Conference on the Human
highly vulnerable to erosion or degradation and
Environment was held in Stockholm in June
IRUPXODWHV DUHD VSHFLÀF PDQDJHPHQW SODQV IRU
1972 to take appropriate steps for preservation of
VXFKLGHQWLÀHGDUHDV
natural resources of the earth; these include the
9,,, 7KH $XWKRULW\ LGHQWLÀHV HFRQRPLFDOO\ preservation of quality of water, air and control of
important stretches in Coastal Regulation water & air pollution. In accordance with this UN
Zone and prepares Integrated Coastal Zone declaration, the Government of India has taken
Management Plans for the same. IX. The initiative to provide for Prevention and Control of
Authority submits the plans prepared by it under Water Pollution and maintenance or restoration
SDUDJUDSKV,99DQG9,DERYHDQGPRGLÀFDWLRQV of wholesomeness of water. As a major legal
thereof to the National Coastal Zone Management frame work for Prevention and Control of water
$XWKRULW\ IRU H[DPLQDWLRQ DQG LWV DSSURYDO ; pollution, the Water (Prevention and Control
7KH $XWKRULW\ H[DPLQHV DOO SURMHFWV SURSRVHG LQ RI 3ROOXWLRQ $FW ZDV HQDFWHG DV D ÀUVW
Coastal Regulation Zone areas and give their initiative. The Karnataka State Pollution Control
recommendations before the, project proposals %RDUG .63&%RU¶7KH%RDUG· ZDVFRQVWLWXWHGDV
are referred to the Central Government or the the ‘Karnataka State Board for the Prevention and
agencies who have been entrusted to clear such &RQWURO RI :DWHU 3ROOXWLRQ· E\ WKH *RYHUQPHQW
SURMHFWVXQGHUWKHQRWLÀFDWLRQRIWKH*RYHUQPHQW of Karnataka on 21.9.1974, under the Water
of India in the Ministry of Environment and (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1974
Forests vide number S.O. 144(E) dated 19th (in short the Water Act). Later, as per the Water
February, 1991. (Prevention and Control of Pollution) amendment
Act 1988 (Art. 53 of 1988), the name of the
XI. The Authority ensures compliance of all Board was changed to Karnataka State Pollution
VSHFLÀF FRQGLWLRQV WKDW DUH VWLSXODWHG DQG ODLG Control Board (KSPCB). Initially the mandate
down in the approved Coastal Zone Management of the Board was only to implement the Water
Plan of Karnataka. XII. The Authority ensures Act 1974; subsequently the Board was given
that atleast two-third members of the Authority the responsibility of implementing the Water
are present during the meetings. XIII. The (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act,
Authority furnishes report of its activities at 1977, the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution)
OHDVWRQFHLQVL[PRQWKVWRWKH1DWLRQDO&RDVWDO $FW DQG VHULHV RI 5XOHV DQG 1RWLÀFDWLRQV
Zone Management Authority. XIV. The foregoing under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.
powers and functions of the Authority shall be .63&%·VIXQFWLRQVKDYHH[SDQGHGRYHUWKH\HDUV
subject to the supervision and control of the in keeping with urbanization, industrialization
Central Government. XV. The Authority has its and development in all the spheres. These factors
headquarters at Bengaluru. XVI. Any matter are essential to make Karnataka a progressive
VSHFLÀFDOO\ QRW IDOOLQJ ZLWKLQ WKH VFRSH DQG destination that offers both quality of life and
jurisdiction of the Authority will be dealt with by economic development. The KSPCB has been
the statutory authorities concerned. implementing and regulating the compliance
of air, water and environmental laws and Rules
'LVWULFW &RDVWDO =RQH 0DQDJHPHQW &RPPLWWHHV that are intended to ensure least damage to the
State Government has constituted District Coastal HQYLURQPHQWDQGPD[LPXPEHQHÀWWRVRFLHW\. The
Zone Management Committee (DCZMC) in each Board has to strike a balance between development
of the coastal districts under the chairmanship and industrialization on the one hand and protect
the concerned Deputy Commissioner. A local our natural resources on the other. In order to
1RQ*RYHUQPHQW $JHQF\ DQG &KLHI ([HFXWLYH do this, it shall have to marshal the combined
RIÀFHUV RI WKH FRQFHUQHG =LOOD 3DQFKD\DWK DUH H[SHUWLVHSHUVSHFWLYHVDQGUHVRXUFHVRIWKHEHVW
the members of DCZMC and the concerned DCF, in academic, industry and administration.
CRZ is the Member Secretary. The DCZMC assists
the State Coastal Zone Management Authority The Board recognizes that its role goes beyond
82 enforcement of the laws and regulating the
LQ GLVFKDUJLQJ WKH H[SHFWHG GXWLHV DSDUW IURP
implementation of the Rules. KSPCB needs to at Bengaluru with Regional Laboratories at
look ahead into the future to anticipate potential Mysuru, Dharwad, Mangaluru, Kalaburagi,
threats to human health and the environment. Davangere, Raichur, Hassan and Belagavi. The
INTRODUCTION
This is being achieved by bringing awareness Central Environmental Laboratory & Regional
among the public and other stake holders. Towards Laboratories are well equipped with sophisticated
achieving these objectives, KSPCB has set itself analytical instruments to carry out analysis of
goals to meet the environmental challenge through water, waste water, stack emissions, ambient air,
initiatives that will ensure cleaner air; safe water solid waste, bacteriological samples and bio-assay
and to emphasize and ensure compliance by tests.
stakeholders. The State Board has taken up the
Enforcement of major Environmental Legislations
implementation of Ease of Doing Business (EODB)
initiatives under the State Business Reform Action 1. The Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution)
Plan, 2016. The EODB is mainly related to online Act, 1974, Amendment 1988 and Rules there
management of the consent and authorization under.
applications, therefore the Board has adopted 2. The Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution)
the software developed by National Informatics Cess Act, 1977 and subsequent amendment in
Centre. Consent applications for Red, Orange 1992 and 2003 and the Rules there under.
and Green category industries/Organizations are
3. The Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act,
EHLQJUHFHLYHGYHULÀHGSURFHVVHGDQGFRQVHQWLV
1981 and Rules there under
issued through this online software. Further, out
of 49 action points pertaining to the Board, action 4. The Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991.
on 22 points is implemented as on 31.03.2016 and 5. The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and the
the remaining 26 action points implementation 5XOHV1RWLÀFDWLRQVIUDPHGXQGHUWKH$FW
are under progress. The complete implementation )ROORZLQJ 5XOHV DQG 1RWLÀFDWLRQV KDYH EHHQ
of the EODB action points is likely to be within published under the Environment Protection
30th June, 2016. Act, 1986 which is being implemented by the
+HDG2IÀFHRIWKH%RDUGLVORFDWHGDW%HQJDOXUX State Board.
ZLWK 5HJLRQDO 2IÀFHV DQG =RQDO 2IÀFHV (a) The Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling
spread all over the State to enable the Board & Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2008, as
WR GLVFKDUJH LWV GXWLHV ZLWK FORVH SUR[LPLW\ WR amended.
VWDNHKROGHUV 5HJLRQDO 2IÀFHV DUH KHDGHG E\
(b) The Manufacture, Storage and Import of
(QYLURQPHQWDO2IÀFHUDQG6HQLRU(QYLURQPHQWDO
Hazardous Chemical Rules,1989 amendment
2IÀFHUVDUHKHDGLQJWKH=RQDO2IÀFH7KHUHDUHIRXU
2000.
=RQDO2IÀFHVDW%HQJDOXUX RWKHU=RQDORIÀFHVDUH
located at Mysuru, Dharwad, Ballari, Mangaluru, (c) The Bio-Medical Waste (Management &
Chitradurga and Kalaburagi. The Board has Handling) Rules,1998; amendment 2003. This
333 permanent staff. There are also 71 contract Rule is superseded on 28th March 2016 and
employees and 360 personnel out-sourced from a called The Bio-Medical Waste Management
PDQSRZHUDJHQF\)URPWKH+HDG2IÀFHRI Rules, 2016.
WKH6WDWH%RDUGLVIXQFWLRQLQJDW¶3DULVDUD%KDYDQ· (d) The Plastic Waste (Management & Handling)
No.49, Church Street, Bengaluru. Three Zonal Rules, 2011. This Rule is superseded on 18th
2IÀFHV DQG 7HQ 5HJLRQDO 2IÀFHV RI WKH %RDUG March 2016 and called The Plastic Waste
are located at Bengaluru at Nisarga Bhavan. One Management Rules, 2016.
=RQDO2IÀFHDQG)RXU5HJLRQDO2IÀFHVDUHKRXVHG (e) The Municipal Solid Waste (Management &
at Urban Eco Park, Peenya, Bengaluru. The Board
Handling) Rules, 2000.
KDVFRQVWUXFWHGLWV5HJLRQDO2IÀFHVZLWK5HJLRQDO
Laboratories at Davangere, Dharwad, Belagavi, (f) The Noise Pollution (Regulation & Control)
Mysuru, Hassan, Kalaburagi and Mangaluru. Rules, 2000; amendment 2002 & 2006.
5HJLRQDO2IÀFHEXLOGLQJVKDYHEHHQFRQVWUXFWHGDW (g) The Batteries (Management and Handling)
Udupi, Karwar, Tumakuru, Shivamogga, Mandya, Rules, 2001, amendment 2010.
Vijayapura, Chitradurga, Ballari, Bagalkot, K 5XOHVIRUWKH0DQXIDFWXUH8VH,PSRUW([SRUW
Chikkamagalur, Bidar and Kolar. KSPCB has and Storage of Hazardous Microorganism, 83
established a Central Environmental Laboratory
Genetically Engineered Organisms or Cells, the standards for the quality of air laid down by
1989 Rules. the Central Board, standards for emission of air
(i) The E-Waste (Management and Handling) pollutants into the atmosphere from industrial
plants and automobiles or for the discharge of any
HAND BOOK OF
KARNATAKA
Rules, 2011. This Rule is superseded on
23rd March 2016 and called The E-Waste air pollutant into the atmosphere from any other
(Management) Rules, 2016. These rules shall source whatsoever not being a ship or an aircraft;
come into force from 1st October, 2016. to evolve economical and reliable methods of
WUHDWPHQW RI VHZDJH DQG WUDGH HIÁXHQWV KDYLQJ
G) Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
regard to the peculiar conditions of soil, climate
1RWLÀFDWLRQ
and water resources of different regions and
N )O\$VK1RWLÀFDWLRQ DQG PRUHHVSHFLDOO\WKHSUHYDLOLQJÁRZFKDUDFWHULVWLFV
(1) The Construction and Demolition Waste of water in streams and wells which render it
Management Rules, 2016. impossible to attain even the minimum degree
of dilution; to evolve methods of utilization of
Functions of the 6WDWH %RDUG DUH DV XQGHU
VHZDJHDQGVXLWDEOHWUDGHHIÁXHQWVLQDJULFXOWXUH
to plan a comprehensive programme for the
WRHYROYHHIÀFLHQWPHWKRGVRIGLVSRVDORIVHZDJH
prevention, control or abatement of pollution
DQG WUDGH HIÁXHQWV RQ ODQG DV DUH QHFHVVDU\ RQ
of streams and wells; and air pollution in the
account of the predominant conditions of scant
6WDWH DQG WR VHFXUH WKH H[HFXWLRQ WKHUHRI WR
VWUHDP ÁRZV WKDW GR QRW SURYLGH IRU PDMRU SDUW
advise the State Government on any matter
of the year the minimum degree of dilution; to
concerning the prevention, control or abatement
lay down standards for treatment of sewage and
of water pollution and air pollution; to collect
WUDGHHIÁXHQWWREHGLVFKDUJHGLQWRDQ\SDUWLFXODU
and disseminate information relating to water
stream taking into account the minimum fair
pollution and air pollution and the prevention,
weather dilution available in that stream and the
control or abatement thereof; to encourage,
tolerance limits of pollution permissible in the
conduct and participate in the investigations
water of the stream, after the discharge of such
and research relating to problems of water
HIÁXHQWV WRPDNHYDU\RUUHYRNHDQ\RUGHU
pollution and prevention, control or abatement
of water pollution; to collaborate with the Central For the prevention, control or abatement
Board in organizing the training of persons of discharges of waste into streams or wells.
engaged or to be engaged in programmes relating Requiring any person concerned to construct
to prevention, control or abatement of water new system for the disposal of sewage and
pollution and air pollution; and to organize mass WUDGH HIÁXHQWV RU WR PRGLI\ DOWHU RU H[WHQG DQ\
education programmes relating thereto; to inspect VXFK H[LVWLQJ V\VWHP RU WR DGRSW VXFK UHPHGLDO
VHZDJH RU WUDGH HIÁXHQWV ZRUNV DQG SODQWV IRU measures as are necessary to prevent, control
WKHWUHDWPHQWRIVHZDJHDQGWUDGHHIÁXHQWVDQGWR RU DEDWH ZDWHU SROOXWLRQ 7R OD\ GRZQ HIÁXHQW
UHYLHZSODQVVSHFLÀFDWLRQVRURWKHUGDWDUHODWLQJ standards to be complied with by persons while
to plants set up for the treatment of water, works causing discharge of sewage or sullage or both and
IRU WKH SXULÀFDWLRQ WKHUHRI DQG WKH V\VWHP IRU WR OD\ GRZQ PRGLI\ RU DQQXO HIÁXHQW VWDQGDUGV
WKH GLVSRVDO RI VHZDJH RU WUDGH HIÁXHQWV RU LQ IRU WKH VHZDJH DQG WUDGH HIÁXHQWV WR DGYLVH WKH
connection with the grant of any consent as State Government with respect to the location of
required under the Act; any industry the carrying on of which is likely
to pollute a stream or well.; to advise the State
To inspect air pollution control areas at such
Government with respect to the suitability of any
intervals as it may think necessary, assess the
premises or location for carrying on any industry
quality of air therein and take steps for
which is likely to cause air pollution.; to perform
the prevention, control or abatement of air
such other functions as may be prescribed from
pollution in such areas; to lay down, modify or
time to time, be entrusted to it by the Central
DQQXOHIÁXHQWVWDQGDUGVIRUWKHVHZDJHDQGWUDGH
Board or the State Government.
HIÁXHQWV DQG IRU WKH TXDOLW\ RI UHFHLYLQJ ZDWHUV
(not being water in an inter-State stream) resulting KSPCB set up in 1974, is mandated under the
IURP WKH GLVFKDUJH RI HIÁXHQWV DQG WR FODVVLI\ Water Act 1974 and Air Act 1981, to prevent
waters of the State; to lay down, in consultation and control pollution of water and air, through
84
with the Central Board and having regard to enforcement, education, awareness and offering
VFLHQWLÀF DQG WHFKQRORJLFDO VROXWLRQV WR DFKLHYH timeline to achieve the above directed actions and
its goals of cleaner and greener environment. carry out regular monitoring of implementation. 4.
The concerned authorities shall establish bunds
Board is monitoring various parameters of
INTRODUCTION
along the periphery of the lake. 5. BDA/BBMP
environment to assess changes in environmental
ILDA%:66% VKDOO H[SORUH SRVVLELOLW\ WR VHWXS
quality for decision making purpose both by
DHUDWRUVRURWKHUDSSURSULDWHGHYLFHVWRR[\JHQDWH
the Board and line departments. Monitoring
the lake as a short term measure. This may also
covers ambient air quality, surface and ground
include other innovative approaches that can be
ZDWHU TXDOLW\ HIÁXHQWV HPLVVLRQV VRLO QRLVH
followed to rejuvenate in both the lakes that is,
hazardous waste and leachates. Monitoring of
Varthur and Bellandur. 6. Deputy Commissioner
LQGXVWULDOHIÁXHQWVDQGHPLVVLRQVDUHFDUULHGRXW
(Bengaluru Urban) and BDA shall earmark
to verify compliance to consents. Total number
boundary of lake. Further, The Board in its 201st
of samples analyzed during 2015-16 in all the
meeting held on 1.12.2015 resolved to provide
laboratories of the Board is 76,824.
5V &URUH ÀQDQFLDO DVVLVWDQFH LQ D SKDVHG
In Karnataka, there are seven River systems, manner as and when the construction is taken
namely Godavari, Krishna, Cauvery, North up by BWSSB for establishing sewage treatment
3HQQDU 6RXWK 3HQQDU 3DDU DQG :HVW ÁRZLQJ plant in Bellandur catchment area.
Rivers. Major Rivers in the State are Krishna
&RQVHTXHQW WR ÀVK NLOO LQ 8OVRRU ODNH RQ
and Cauvery; which covers 78.47% of tota1
06.03.2016 and 07.03.2016, the Chairman,
GUDLQDJH DUHD DQG ZHVW ÁRZLQJ 5LYHUV VXFK DV
.63&% DORQJ ZLWK WKH RIÀFHUV RI WKH %RDUG
Mahadayi, Kali, Bedthi (Gangavali), Aghanashini,
DQG RIÀFHUV RI %:66% %%03 DQG )LVKHULHV
Sharavathi, Chakra, Varahi, Netravathi, Barpole
Department visited the area on 07.03.2016 to
covers 12.73%.
DVFHUWDLQWKHFDXVHVIRUÀVKPRUWDOLW\0HHWLQJRI
Board is monitoring water qua1ity of Rivers all stake holders was also called on 08.03.2016
including tributaries, drains at 84 stations in the DQG GLUHFWLRQV LVVXHG WR LQLWLDWH DFWLRQ WR ÀQG
state under Nationa1 Water Quality Monitoring SHUPDQHQWVROXWLRQWRHQVXUHWKDWÀVKNLOOGRHVQ·W
programme which also includes the monitoring re-occur in future.
of 120 lakes. The Central Pollution Control
The Karnataka State Pollution Control Board
Board under National Water Quality Monitoring
while regulating pollution from different activities
Programme, approved to take up water quality
have taken steps by way of imposing a condition in
monitoring of 120 lakes from 2014-15 in the
the consent to apartments, layouts and commercial
State on monthly basis. The lake water quality as
FRPSOH[HV WR KDUYHVW UDLQZDWHU DQG WUHDW WKH
UHJDUGVWR%HQJDOXUXFRQÀUPVWR&ODVV´(µIRU
wastewater compulsorily in order to conserve
lakes and Class. “D” for 25 lakes out of 75 lakes
and protect ground water. The apartments are
being monitored.
required to use the treated waste water for toilet
Consequent to the directions issued by Central ÁXVKLQJJDUGHQLQJRURWKHUVHFRQGDU\SXUSRVHV
Pollution Control Board to Karnataka State Directions have been issued to BBMP to use the
Pollution Control Board under section 18(1) (b) of treated waste water only in the parks maintained
the Water (Prevention and Control Pollution) Act, by them and for construction activities.
1974, the Board on 28.10.2015 sought compliance
The Ground water quality in and around
on the directions issued by the CPCB from BBMP/
VLJQLÀFDQW ZDVWH ZDWHU JHQHUDWLQJ LQGXVWULHV
BDA/BWSSB/LDA and DC, Bengaluru Urban
and important industrial areas are monitored
district on the following: 1. BBMP and BWSSB
by the Board on regular basis. The ground water
VKDOOVHWXS673·VRIDGHTXDWHFDSDFLW\DQGSURYLGH
quality in and around Shree Renuka Sugars
underground sewerage system to cover the entire
Limited, Burlatti, Athani Taluk, Belagavi District,
sewage catchment area of the lakes and bridge the
*RGDYDUL %LRUHÀQHULHV /WG %DJDONRW )HGHUDO
gap. BBMP and BWSSB shall ensure the treated
Moghal India, Yelahanka, Gemini Distilleries
sewage is utilized mandatorily for industrial
/WG1DQMDQJXG0DQJDORUH5HÀQHULHVDQG3HWUR
application, railway/buses cleaning, gardening/
chemicals Ltd, Mangaluru and Peenya Industrial
KRUWLFXOWXUH SXUSRVH ÁXVKLQJ DQG LUULJDWLRQ
Area, Bengaluru and Kolhar Industrial Area Bidar
purpose, so that treated sewage does not enter the
are affected due to Industrial pollution. 85
lakes. 3. The BBMP shall prepare action plan with
The issue of Ground Water monitoring, agricultural runoff. The results of samples drawn
development, categorization zones etc falls under in the 83 stations located in all rivers across
the domain of the Central Ground Water Board the States shows that the quality of water falls
HAND BOOK OF
and Karnataka Ground Water Authority. As the ODUJHO\ LQ FDWHJRU\ ¶&· ZKLFK PHDQV WKH ZDWHU LV
KARNATAKA
sewage generated in the State is not completely potable after treatment and disinfection. River
treated and solid waste management is not water quality is related to seasonal variations like
satisfactory at some places, it is affecting the UDLQIDOODQGÁRZRIWKHULYHU
water quality in Rivers, Lakes and ground water
Inference on the River Water Quality Monitoring:
at some pockets.
&3&%KDVVSHFLÀHGZDWHUTXDOLW\FULWHULDGHSHQGLQJ
The Board during reporting year has monitored on the designated best use and activities in the
the ambient air quality of Bengaluru city at 13 ULYHU 7KH FODVVLÀFDWLRQV DUH &ODVV $ ² 'ULQNLQJ
locations (including two Continuous Ambient water source without conventional treatment
Air Quality Monitoring Stations) and using but after disinfection. Class B – Outdoor bathing
manual equipments under National Ambient Air (organized). Class C – Drinking water source with
Quality Monitoring Programme (NAMP) covering conventional treatment followed by disinfection.
,QGXVWULDO$UHD0L[HG8UEDQ$UHDDQG6HQVLWLYH &ODVV'²3URSDJDWLRQRIZLOGOLIHÀVKHULHV&ODVV(
Area. Installed two continuous ambient air quality – Irrigation, Industrial Cooling, Controlled Waste
monitoring stations (CAAQMS), one at City Railway disposal.
VWDWLRQ DQG RWKHU DW 5HJLRQDO 2IÀFH FRPSOH[ DW
Monitoring of the major rivers under various
S.G Halli are being monitored. Monitoring is being
programmes indicates that the major pollutants in
carried out on 24 hourly basis for PM10, S02, N02
these water bodies are mainly organic and bacterial
and CO and the data is sent to CPCB, New Delhi
contaminants. This is mainly due to domestic
electronically and also the data is entered in the
waste discharged into the rivers from towns and
Board website. In the manual stations, monitoring
villages located on the river banks. Secondly, the
is carried out twice a week continuously for 24
TXDOLW\KDVDEHDULQJRQWKHÁRZ$WWKHIROORZLQJ
hours. The noise monitoring is made compulsory
WKUHH ORFDWLRQV WKH WUHDWHG LQGXVWULDO HIÁXHQWV
for large scale industries. The Board monitors
are permitted for discharge into the Rivers. The
the noise levels whenever the complaints are
water quality at these locations about 100 meters
received and the data is shared with the Police for
GRZQVWUHDPRIWKHWUHDWHGHIÁXHQWGLVFKDUJHSRLQW
IXUWKHUUHJXODWLRQDVSHUWKHQRWLÀFDWLRQRI*RYW
DUHDVXQGHU D0\VRUH3DSHU0LOO·VWUHDWHGHIÁXHQW
of Karnataka issued under the Noise Pollution
into Bhadra River near Bhadravathi, Shivamogga
(Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 vide G.O No.
district. Bhadra river water quality downstream
: FEE 46 ENV 2000 dated: 13.08.2002.
RI%KDGUDYDWKLFRQIRUPVWR¶'·&ODVVE+DULKDUD
Water quality management Poly Fibres-Grasim Division treated combined
The Karnataka State Pollution Control Board is HIÁXHQW LQWR 7XQJDEKDGUD 5LYHU QHDU +DULKDU
monitoring the quality of water in the State. Water Haveri District. Tungabhadra river water quality
samples from lakes, rivers, ponds, borewell, open GRZQVWUHDP RI +DULKDUD 3RO\ÀEUHV FRQIRUPV WR
wells and sea are analyzed for monitoring the ¶'· &ODVV F :HVW &RDVW 3DSHU 0LOOV /WG WUHDWHG
water quality. Discharge of domestic sewage and HIÁXHQW LQWR .DOL 5LYHU QHDU %DQJXU 1DJDU QHDU
WUDGHHIÁXHQWVIURPWKHLQGXVWULHVDUHWKHPDMRU Dandeli, Uttara Kannada District. Kali river water
sources of water pollution. Therefore, the Board is quality, monitored quarterly indicates that at the
regularly monitoring these sources from time to GRZQ VWUHDP RI WKH LQGXVWU\ LW FRQIRUPV WR ¶&·
time as prescribed in the Act/Guidelines framed Class.
by Central Pollution Control Board. Regular
The Board has analyzed 90,394 samples
inspections and sample collections are made to
from the discharge of organizations (including
analyze the quality of water.
industries) and other waste water generating
The Board is monitoring and analyzing river XQLWV LGHQWLÀHG 7KH VDPH DUH EHLQJ PRQLWRUHG
water samples at 83 locations in the State. with inspection and sample analysis. The Board
According to the analysis report, rivers and is initiating action to ensure compliance from the
86 lakes are susceptible to pollution mostly due concerned organizations, wherever the samples
WR LQGXVWULDO GRPHVWLF HIÁXHQW GLVFKDUJH DQG are not meeting the prescribed standards.
Local Bodies The Board started covering of Construction
In the state, from 219 local bodies about 3777 Projects ever since issue of Ministry of
MLD of waste water (sewage and sullage) is Environment & Forests (MoEF), Government of
INTRODUCTION
generated. Sewage treatment facility is provided ,QGLD1RWLÀFDWLRQGDWHG $PHQGPHQWWR
53 numbers of local bodies to treat 1304. MLD (,$ 1RWLÀFDWLRQ 8QGHU WKH &RQVWUXFWLRQ
of sewage & sullage. Around 2,473 MLD of waste Projects Category, Board is covering activities like
water is discharged without treatment. The construction of Residential Apartment, Residential
XQWUHDWHG VHZDJH DQG VXOODJH LV ÀQGLQJ LWV ZD\ 9LOODV&RPPHUFLDO&RPSOH[5HVLGHQWLDO/D\RXWV
into water bodies. Board is regularly persuading Software Technology Parks, Hotels, etc. As far as
the Department of Urban Development and the BBMP area with Underground Drainage (UGD)
local bodies to provide treatment plants. At critical System, the Construction/Infrastructure Projects
ORFDWLRQVZKHUHWKHVHZDJHSROOXWLRQLVVLJQLÀFDQW with built-up area of 20,000 Sq. m & above are
the Board has invoked the penal provisions under only covered under the Board consent mechanism.
the Water Act. Construction of Sewage Treatment In the Consent for Establishment (CTE) issued by
Plants in 41 local bodies is under progress. The the Board to Construction/Infrastructure Projects
&3&%KDVLVVXHGGLUHFWLRQVWRDOOWKH63&%·VRQ IROORZLQJ VSHFLÀF FRQGLWLRQV DUH VWLSXODWHG 7KH
21.4.2015 under Section 18(1) (b) of the Water project proponents shall install Sewage Treatment
Act. In the said directions, standards for treated Plants (STP) and treat the sewage to Urban Reuse
sewage is stipulated and time frame is given for all Standards in non sewer areas and in new layouts
WKHORFDOERGLHVWRXSJUDGHWKH673·VWRPHHWWKH more than 10 acres where there is no sewer and
SUHVFULEHG VWDQGDUGV ZLWKLQ ÀYH \HDUV IURP WKH terminal treatment facility. The treated sewage
date of directions. Further, the MoEF & CC has shall be recycled for secondary uses which include
DOVRQRWLÀHGWKHGUDIWVHZDJHGLVFKDUJHVWDQGDUGV 7RLOHW)OXVKLQJ9HKLFOH:DVKLQJHWFDQGH[FHVV
IRU QHZ 673·V 7KH ÀQDO QRWLÀFDWLRQ LV \HW WR EH shall be utilized for gardening within the project
issued by MoEF & CC. premises. The solid waste shall be segregated
into Organic; Inorganic and Plastic Wastes &
:DVWH ZDWHU PDQDJHPHQW LQ %HQJDOXUX FLW\ At
Organic wastes shall be converted into compost
present, BBMP has 198 wards; out of which 98
by installation of Organic Waste Converter (OWC).
are old. During 2007, 110 villages were included
in BBMP limits. These villages lack in water and 7KH %RDUG KDV LGHQWLÀHG 673V RI
sanitary infrastructure resulting in the waste Infrastructure Projects for which CFOs were
water getting into nala leading to lakes/water issued from time to time. However, the STPs
bodies. Bangalore Water Supply and Sewerage of infrastructure projects of less than 20,000
Board is supplying 1400 MLD of water from Sqm. coming within BBMP area were not
Cauvery River to Bengaluru City. From borewells LQFOXGHG VLQFH WKH\ ZHUH H[HPSWHG DV SHU WKH
and other sources about 600 MLD of water is *RYHUQPHQW1RWLÀFDWLRQGDWHG1RZ
being supplied. About, 1600 MLD of waste water the Government has withdrawn 04.08.2010
is generated. There are 14 sewage treatment QRWLÀFDWLRQ DQG LVVXHG QHZ QRWLÀFDWLRQ GDWHG
plants at various locations being operated by 19.01.2016 to cover the following projects; 1) All the
%:66% 7RWDO WUHDWPHQW FDSDFLW\ RI WKHVH 673·V residential Group Housing projects/Apartments
is 721 MLD. At present, 500 MLD (32%) of waste with 20 Units and above or having a total built up
ZDWHU LV EHLQJ WUHDWHG LQ WKH H[LVWLQJ WUHDWPHQW area of 2,000 square meter including basement
system; balance 1100 MLD (68%) of waste water is shall install STP. 2) Commercial constructions
joining water bodies without any treatment. Waste SURMHFWV FRPPHUFLDOFRPSOH[HV2IÀFH,7UHODWHG
water management in Infrastructure projects in activities etc.,) with total built up area of 2,000
Bengaluru city: Square meter and above shall install STP. 3)
Educational institutions with or without Hostel
CPCB has issued directions to BBMP on
facility having total built up area of 5,000 square
09.10.2015 under Section 5 of the Environment
meter and above shall install STP. 4) Township
(Protection) Act, 1986 directing them to provide
and area development projects with an area of 10
QHFHVVDU\ DGHTXDWH FDSDFLW\ 673·V WR FRYHU WKH
Acres and above shall install STP.
entire urban area. CPCB has also called for time-
bound action plan and to bring this action plan in Hence, the Board will reconcile the number 87
public domain. RI 673V DV SHU WKH QHZ 1RWLÀFDWLRQ DV ZHOO DV
QHZO\ LGHQWLÀHG E\ WKH 52·V 7KH LQGXVWULDO (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981
clusters I areas having aggregated CEPI scores vide letter No.B-29012/ESS(CPA)/2015-16,
of 70 and above were considered as critically dated:07.03.2016 regarding harmonization of
polluted clusters I areas by the CPCB. Ministry FODVVLÀFDWLRQ RI LQGXVWULDO VHFWRUV XQGHU 5HG
HAND BOOK OF
KARNATAKA
of Environment and Forest, Government of India Orange/Green/White categories. Also, as per the
YLGH2IÀFH0HPRUDQGXP1R-,$ GLUHFWLRQV:KLWHFDWHJRU\LQGXVWULHVDUHH[HPSWHG
II (I) dated 13.01.2010 had declared Baikampady from consent management. As on 31.12.2018, a
Industrial cluster in Dakshina Kannada District total of 1,06,068 (Operating – 77,125) industrial
and Bhadravathi industrial cluster in Shivamogga sectors/organizations are covered, out of which
District as critically polluted areas with CEPI 4,449 Red, 12,293 Orange, 12,769 Green and
score 73.68 and 72.33 respectively. 47,614 White category industries/institutions are
operating in the State.
The Ministry of Environment & Forests (MOEF)
had imposed a moratorium on 13.01.2010 on &RPSUHKHQVLYH (QYLURQPHQWDO 3ROOXWLRQ ,QGH[
consideration of projects for environmental &(3, The industrial clusters/areas having
clearance to be located in critically polluted areas aggregated Comprehensive Environmental
, LQGXVWULDO FOXVWHUV LGHQWLÀHG E\ &3&% ,W ZDV 3ROOXWLRQ,QGH[ &(3, VFRUHVRIDQGDERYHDUH
envisaged that during the period of moratorium, considered as critically polluted clusters / areas by
time bound action plans will be prepared by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate
the respective State Pollution Control Boards Change, Government of India vide Memorandum
(SPCBs) I Pollution Control Committees (PCCs) No. J-11013/5/2010-IA.II (I) dated 13.01.2010.
for improving the environmental quality in the Baikampady Industrial cluster in Dakshina
industrial clusters/areas. The action plans so Kannada District and Bhadravathi industrial
SUHSDUHGZRXOGEHÀQDOL]HGE\&3&% cluster in Shivamogga District were categorized
as Critically Polluted Areas with CEPI score 73.68
In view of the above, Karnataka State Pollution
and 72.33 respectively. The industrial clusters/
Control Board (KSPCB) in series of consultation and
areas having aggregated CEPI score 60 to < 70
FRRUGLQDWLRQZLWK&3&%=RQDO2IÀFH%HQJDOXUX
were considered as Severely Polluted Areas. Three
and industries located in the respective cluster
industrial clusters viz., Peenya industrial area in
I area developed Action Plans in the year 2011
Bengaluru (CEPI score 65.11), Bidar Industrial
and submitted to CPCB/MOEF for consideration.
area in Bidar (CEPI score 67.64) and Raichur
The industrial clusters/areas having aggregated
industrial area in Raichur (CEPI score 68.07)
CEPI score 60 to <70 were considered as Severely
KDYHEHHQFODVVLÀHGDVVHYHUHO\SROOXWHGDUHDVLQ
Polluted Areas. Three industrial clusters viz.,
Karnataka.
Peenya- Bengaluru (CEPI score 65.11), Bidar
Industrial area in Bidar (CEPI score 67.64) and 6WDWXVRI&ULWLFDOO\3ROOXWHG$UHDV The Ministry
Raichur industrial area in Raichur (CEPI score of Environment Forest and Climate Change
KDYH EHHQ FODVVLÀHG DV VHYHUHO\ SROOXWHG (MoEF & CC), Government of India had imposed
areas in Karnataka. a moratorium on 13.01.2010 on consideration of
projects for environmental clearance to be located
,QGXVWULDO 3ROOXWLRQ The Karnataka State
in critically polluted areas / industrial clusters
Pollution Control Board is covering all the
LGHQWLÀHGE\&3&%,WZDVHQYLVDJHGWKDWGXULQJ
LQGXVWULHVDFWLYLWLHV JHQHUDWLQJ HIÁXHQWV DQG
the period of moratorium, time bound action
emissions under the consent mechanism. The
plans will be prepared by the respective State
industries/activities are categorized as Red,
Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs) for improving
Orange, Green and White based on their pollution
the environmental quality in the industrial
potential. The Red category activities with high
clusters/areas. The action plans so prepared
pollution potential are given priority in monitoring
ZRXOGEHÀQDOL]HGE\&3&%,QYLHZRIWKHDERYH
PHFKDQLVP7KHHIÁXHQWVHPLVVLRQVGLVFKDUJHLV
Karnataka State Pollution Control Board (KSPCB)
regularly monitored as per the statutory norms to
in series of consultation and co-ordination with
ensure compliance to the standards prescribed.
5HJLRQDO 'LUHFWRUDWH 2IÀFH &HQWUDO 3ROOXWLRQ
KSPCB has adopted CPCB directions issued Control Board, Bengaluru and industries located
under Section 18(1)(b) of the Water (Prevention in the respective cluster / area developed Action
88
and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and the Air Plans in the year 2011 and submitted to CPCB/
MoEF & CC for consideration. Accordingly, the Environmental compliance by some of the
moratorium imposed was lifted by the MOEF LGHQWLÀHG LQGXVWULDO VHFWRUV 0LQLQJ 7KHUPDO
vide their letter dated 23.05.2011. State Level Power, Petro Chemicals, Sponge Iron, Chemical
INTRODUCTION
Monitoring Committee and Local Area Committees & Pharmaceutical industries and Stone crushers
have been constituted to review the progress are some of the focus areas of concern in terms of
of action plans and review meetings are being pollution load and their impact on environment.
conducted.
D 3ROOXWLRQ FRQWURO VWDWXV LQ PLQLQJ VHFWRU
6WDWXV RI 6HYHUHO\ 3ROOXWHG $UHDV The severely Mining is one of the main industrial activities
polluted areas viz., Peenya, Raichur and Bidar in Karnataka. The major minerals being mined
are kept under surveillance and action is taken to are Iron Ore, Limestone and Dolomite. Iron Ore
get the pollution control measures implemented PLQLQJLVPDLQO\FRQÀQHGWR%DOODUL&KLWUDGXUJD
effectively. The Central Pollution Control Board & Tumakuru District and the Limestone mining
has issued direction under Section 18(1)(b) of is located mainly in the districts of Kalaburagi,
the Water Act and the Air Act to calculate CEPI Yadgir, Bagalkot, Belagavi & Vijayapura. During
DVSHUUHYLVHGFULWHULDIRUFDOFXODWLQJ&(3,,QGH[ ·V PDMRU PLQLQJ DFWLYLW\ ZDV VWDUWHG LQ
on 26.04.2016. The “Revised Criteria of CEPI” is Chikkamagaluru District with the setting up of
based on the following principles; 1. Retaining the Kudremukh Iron Ore Company Limited (KIOCL)
H[LVWLQJDOJRULWKPEDVHGRQ6RXUFH3DWKZD\DQG and the same is now closed. In recent time, due to
Receptor. 2.Develop the Revised CEPI considering high demand in the market, large scale mining has
the sources of pollution, real time observed values taken place in Ballari, Chitradurga & Tumakuru
of the pollutants in the ambient air, surface water Districts.
and ground water of the industrial cluster and
In Karnataka 751mines are covered under
health related statistics. The concept is based on
the Pollution Control Acts and only 196 are
the selection of 3 criteria pollutants for each of the
operating as on 31.03.2018. Initially, KSPCB
environment components i.e., air, surface water
started covering only few major mining companies
and ground water which together indicate the well
under the Water & Air Acts like National Minerals
being of ambient environment. 3. Assessment of
Development Corporation (NMDC), Donimalai
environmental quality of the area based on the
and KIOCL, as they were using water for mining
concept of SNLF to which is a surrogate number
activity and discharging tailings. These mines
UHSUHVHQWLQJ WKH OHYHO RI H[SRVXUH D IXQFWLRQ RI
were also covered under the Air Act keeping in
SHUFHQWDJH VDPSOH H[FHHGDQFH DQG ([FHHGDQFH
view emissions from crushers, D.G.Sets and other
factor). 4.Health related statistics to be based on
point and non point sources. Action initiated by
health data available from major hospital in the
KSPCB for control of pollution in mining activity:
area.
KSPCB has taken steps to strictly implement
As per the revised criteria, the Board has
the provisions of Water (Prevention & Control
initiated the following action; a) Constituted
of Pollution) Act, 1974 and Air (Prevention &
WKH /RFDO DUHD FRPPLWWHH ZLWK 725 DV VSHFLÀHG
Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 irrespective of the
earlier to review action plan and action taken. b)
VL]H RI PLQLQJ DUHD 7KH +RQ·EOH 6XSUHPH &RXUW
State Level Monitoring committee meetings are
has constituted Central Empowering Committee
convened to review the issue related to critically
(CEC) for resumption of mines. The mines have
polluted and severely polluted area under the
been categorized as A, B and C categories. The
Chairmanship of Development Commissioner and
+RQ·EOH 6XSUHPH &RXUW GXULQJ 6HSWHPEHU
Additional Chief Secretary. c) Entrusted the work
has given direction store start A and B category
of monitoring of environmental parameters at
mines as per the Reclamation and Rehabilitation
Mangaluru, Shivamogga (critically polluted areas),
(R&R plan) approved by the CEC.
Peenya and Raichur (severely polluted areas).
The work of environmental monitoring in case of The CEC has approved 46 mines under A
Kolhar Industrial Area, Bidar has been awarded category, 70 mines under B category and 51
to Regional Laboratory, National Environmental mines under C category. The details relating to
Engineering Research Laboratory, Hyderabad on production, water & air pollution control measures
22.03.2017. adopted by the mines, compliance to previous
89
FRQVHQW FRQGLWLRQV HWF DUH YHULÀHG WKRURXJKO\
while issuing consents for operation. Further, of kiln and the ESP Metalled roads within the
the Board stipulates and advices the following premises. Sprinkling of water in raw materials
pollution control measures while issuing consents storage, process area and on roads raw materials
to the mining activity in line with the Reclamation transportation. Regular monitoring of ambient air
HAND BOOK OF
KARNATAKA
& Rehabilitation Plan (R&R). quality.
To provide check dams, gully-traps etc., to F 3ROOXWLRQ &RQWURO 6WDWXV LQ 6WRQH &UXVKHUV
SUHYHQWWKHUXQRIIIURPFDUU\LQJWKHÀQHSDUWLFOHVRI There are 4,328 Stone Crushing units in Karnataka
ore and silt. Fines, sub-grade ore, mineral rejects, State and as on 31.03.2018, 1871 are in operation.
over burden and side burden etc., to be stored as The Karnataka State Pollution Control Board is
dumps in the mine lease area and to be stabilized. covering the Stone Crushing activity under the Air
Retaining walls have to be provided to stabilize the (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1981. The
dumps. Afforestation has to be carried out on the State Government has passed an ordinance on
slopes of the dumps. Sprinkling of water constantly 07.09.2011 called The Karnataka Regulation of
in the mine lease area including approach roads. Stone Crushers, ordinance 2011, later enacted as
To metal and asphalt the roads inside the mine The Karnataka Regulation of Stone Crusher Act,
lease area as well as the approach road to the 2011 on 05.10.2012. The Rules have been framed
mines. To transport ore in a covered truck in wet on 22.06.2012. Further amendment to Act and
conditions always. Even at stock yards, moisture 5XOHVZDVQRWLÀHGRQDQG
contents have to be maintained to prevent the respectively.
dust nuisance. Providing conveyor belts within
According to the above said Act & Rules, all
the mine lease area for ore transportation to avoid
crushers shall have to be operated in the safer
fugitive emissions due to movement of trucks.
]RQHV RQO\ H[FHSW WKH FUXVKHUV HVWDEOLVKHG
E 3ROOXWLRQ&RQWURO6WDWXVLQ6SRQJH,URQ6HFWRU IRU WHPSRUDU\ SHULRG IRU VSHFLÀF JRYHUQPHQW
In Karnataka 36 Sponge Iron units are operating. GHYHORSPHQW SURMHFWV ZLWK VSHFLÀF WLPH IUDPH
Most of the units are located in the district of The licensing authority of the district/ individual
Ballari (25), Koppal (8), Dharwad(1), Tumakuru(1) crusher shall identify the safer zones and the
& Chitradurga(1). All the units use coal based licensing authorities shall declare and issue
technology. The Ministry of Environment and QRWLÀFDWLRQ IRU WKHP DIWHU IXOÀOOLQJ RI IROORZLQJ
)RUHVWV 0R() *R, KDV QRWLÀHG VWDQGDUGV IRU distance and other criteria. The conditions for
VSRQJHLURQXQLWVYLGH1RWLÀFDWLRQ1R*65 ( declaring safer zones stone crusher are: 200 m
GDWHG $V SHU WKH 1RWLÀFDWLRQ WKH away from National Highway and State Highway.
chimney height for the Kilns is calculated based 100 m away from Major District road (MDR) or
on the fuel consumption and the sulphur content other roads. 500 m away from Revenue village,
of the fuel. Further a minimum chimney height of temple, schools. Away from boundary of municipal
30m. is stipulated for all de-dusting facilities. corporation, city municipal corporation, town
municipal corporation. Minimum of 1acre land.
6SRQJHLURQXQLWVDUHQRWVLJQLÀFDQWIURPZDWHU
pollution point of view and water is used only for G 2WKHU KLJKO\ SROOXWLQJ LQGXVWULHV There are
domestic purposes and cooling water is completely 256 industries under the 17 category of highly
UHF\FOHG+RZHYHUWKHVHXQLWVDUHYHU\VLJQLÀFDQW polluting industries in the State, of which 199 are
from air pollution point of view. The main sources in operation. The wastes are treated and disposed
of air pollution from these units are kiln and as per the norms of the Board. The industries,
de-dusting facilities, loading and unloading of Mysore Paper Mills Limited and Visvesvarayya
raw materials, crushing and processing of raw Iron and Steel Ltd are permitted to discharge the
materials, storage of raw material and solid WUHDWHGHIÁXHQWVWR%KDGUD5LYHU7KH:HVW&RDVW
waste vehicle movements. Following conditions Paper Mills at Dandeli is permitted to discharge
are stipulated and implemented by the Board to HIÁXHQW LQWR .DOL 5LYHU DQG +DULKDU 3RO\ ÀEHUV
mitigate air pollution from these industries. and Grasim division at Harihar are permitted to
GLVFKDUJH WKH HIÁXHQWV WR 7XQJDEKDGUD 5LYHU
Storage of raw materials within the closed sheds.
7KH WUHDWHG HIÁXHQWV IURP WKHVH LQGXVWULHV DUH
%DJÀOWHUIRUDOOUDZPDWHULDOSURFHVVLQJDQGGH
meeting the stipulated standards.
dusting facilities. Electrostatic precipitator (ESP)
90
to the Kiln with interlocking between the working Apart from these industries, no other industry
LV SHUPLWWHG WR GLVFKDUJH HIÁXHQWV WR ULYHUV 7KH and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 vide letter
SROLF\ LV WR HQVXUH WKDW LQGXVWULDO HIÁXHQWV DUH No.29016/04/06/PCI/5401 dated 05.02.2014
treated to the standards prescribed by the KSPCB to all the State Pollution Control Boards/
INTRODUCTION
DQG WR XVH WKH WUHDWHG HIÁXHQW IRU LUULJDWLRQ Pollution Control Committees on strengthening
gardening/green-belt development. The Central of monitoring mechanism for effective compliance
Pollution Control Board, New Delhi has issued through self-monitoring mechanism in highly
directions under Section 18(1)(b) of the Water polluting industries(17 category industries),
(Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and &RPPRQ (IÁXHQW 7UHDWPHQW 3ODQWV &(73·V
the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, Common Hazardous Waste and Common Bio-
1981 on 05.02.2014 to insist all the 17-Category medical Waste Incinerators.
of highly polluting industries to install Continuous
,Q H[HUFLVH RI WKH SRZHUV FRQIHUUHG XQGHU
2QOLQH (PLVVLRQ(IÁXHQW 0RQLWRULQJ 6\VWHP IRU
Section 33 (A) of the Water (Prevention and
VHOIPRQLWRULQJRIHIÁXHQWVDQGHPLVVLRQVLQRUGHU
Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and Section 31(A)
to strengthen the monitoring and compliance
of the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution)
through self regulatory mechanism. The Board has
Act, 1981 and keeping in view strengthening
issued directions to all the 17-Category industries
of the monitoring mechanism for effective
under Section 33(A) of the Water Act and Section
compliance through self regulatory mechanism
31(A) of the Air Act to install Continuous Online
Board has issued directions to the above
0RQLWRULQJ 6\VWHPV IRU PRQLWRULQJ VSHFLÀHG
industries/facilities to: (1) Install continuous
environment parameters and to connect the online
RQOLQH HIÁXHQW PRQLWRULQJ V\VWHP EHIRUH -XQH
monitors to CPCB server for online transmission
WR PRQLWRU WKH SDUDPHWHUV S+ ÁRZ
RI WKH GDWD 7KH H[FHHGDQFH RI WKH PRQLWRUHG
Phenol, cyanide, (2) Install continuous online
data is being regularly monitored at Board and
emission monitoring system before June 30,
alerts through SMS & e-mail are being sent to
2015 to monitor the parameters PM and S02.;
industries to take appropriate steps to operate the
,QVWDOO&DPHUDDQGÁRZPHWHULQWKHFKDQQHO
SROOXWLRQFRQWUROV\VWHPVVFLHQWLÀFDOO\2XWRI
GUDLQSURYLGHGIRUFDUU\LQJWKHHIÁXHQWZLWKLQWKH
operating industries, 181 industries have installed
industry premises in case industry claims zero
continuous online monitors as on 31.03.2018.
GLVFKDUJH DQG QRW GLVFKDUJLQJ HIÁXHQW RXWVLGH
The Board is perceiving the remaining industries
the premises.; (4) Install real time monitoring
to implement OCEMS by way of issuing directions
systems in case industry achieving zero liquid
and refusing the consent.
GLVFKDUJH E\ XWLOL]LQJ HIÁXHQW IRU LUULJDWLRQ
Status of 17 categories highly polluting JDUGHQLQJ $QDO\VH WKH SDUDPHWHUV VSHFLÀHG
industries: There are 243 industries under this in consent to operate/Environmental Clearance
category, out of this 209 industries are operating. where real time monitoring technology is not well
Board is insisting the industries to have an established by using well established laboratory
(QYLURQPHQWDO&HOOZLWKTXDOLÀHG(QYLURQPHQWDO methods at least once in three months or as per
Engineer/Scientist and required staff and also frequency VSHFLÀHG LQ FRQVHQW (& ZKLFKHYHU
to establish self monitoring system. KSPCB is more is.; (6) submit bank guarantee of 100% of
also insisting major air polluting industries to the cost of online monitoring systems (emission
have continuous online ambient air monitoring DQG HIÁXHQW ZKLFKHYHU DSSOLFDEOH IRU HQVXULQJ
stations and publish in their website and to link timely installation of online monitoring systems
it to website of KSPCB. Online monitoring for by 30.06.2015 and such bank guarantee will be
self regulation: Directions issued by the Board discharged if the systems are installed before
under Section 33(A) of Water Act, 1974 and June 30, 2015.
Section 31(A) of Air Act, 1981 in the matter of
6WDWXV RI &RIIHH 3XOSLQJ 8QLWV There are 2675
pollution control in 17 category of highly polluting
coffee estates mainly in Chikkamagaluru,
industries, CETPs and Common Hazardous
Coorg and Hassan and few in Chamarajanagar
waste and Bio-medical Incinerators-regarding
and Shivamogga Districts. The coffee pulping
self monitoring of compliance: Central Pollution
operations are seasonal; the pollution problems
Control Board has issued Directions under Section
DUHFRQÀQHGWRWKHSXOSLQJVHDVRQIURP1RYHPEHU
18 (1) (b) of the Water (Prevention and Control
WR$SULOXQLWVDUHKDYLQJHIÁXHQWWUHDWPHQW
of Pollution) Act, 1974 and The Air (Prevention 91
plants and 1700 units are having temporary
treatment facilities. During the pulping season Importer, Dealer, Recycler, Auctioner and Bulk
coffee pulping units are monitored to ensure consumer involved in manufacture, processing,
no discharges into water bodies. If found any sale, purchase, import and use of batteries or
GLVFKDUJH RI HIÁXHQWV IURP FRIIHH SXOSLQJ
HAND BOOK OF
FRPSRQHQWV WKHUHRI %RDUG KDV LGHQWLÀHG
KARNATAKA
washing units in to any water bodies; action is batteries handling units in Karnataka.
taken against them. Status of coffee pulping units
,PSOHPHQWDWLRQRIWKH3ODVWLF:DVWH0DQDJHPHQW
is as follows: MoEF&CC under the Environmental
5XOHV MoEF has published the Plastic
(Protection) Rules has prescribed standards
for coffee pulping units on the type of lagoons Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2011
required to be provided with lining and prescribed on 4.2.2011. It is superseded on 18th March 2016
solar evaporation as the method of treatment and and called The Plastic Waste Management Rules,
GLVSRVDO RI HIÁXHQW IRU SODQWDWLRQ DUHD XS WR 2016. Prescribed authority for enforcement of the
hectares and for those more than 25 hectares provisions of these Rules related to registration,
conventional treatment with dilution is stipulated. manufacture of plastic products and multi-
In view of the topographical constraints the layered packaging, processing and disposal of
above methodology is not adopted by the coffee plastic wastes is SPCB.
processing units. Forest, Ecology and Environment secretariat,
In the recent development, some of the coffee *RYHUQPHQW RI .DUQDWDND YLGH 1RWLÀFDWLRQ
pulping/processing units are adopting dry No.FEE 17 EPC 2012, Bengaluru Dated 11-03-
pulper with mechanical husk separation; from LQ H[HUFLVH RI WKH SRZHUV FRQIHUUHG XQGHU
this water usage is minimal in the range of 600 the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, issued
to 1000 liters of water per ton of clean coffee. directions imposing ban on manufacture, supply,
This process not only saves water but also helps sale and use of plastic carry bags, plastic banners,
in separation of husk, mucilage and bean. Water ÁH[ SODVWLF ÁDJV SODVWLF SODWHV SODVWLF FXSV
is recycled back and discharged once a day and SODVWLFVSRRQVFOLQJÀOPVDQGSODVWLFVKHHWVXVHG
applied for compost. for spreading on dining table including the above
items made out of thermocol and plastic which
Implementation of Hazardous Wastes
use plastic micro beads in the Karnataka State.
0DQDJHPHQW +DQGOLQJ DQG 7UDQVERXQGDU\
,QWKHVDLGQRWLÀFDWLRQRI*R.WKHUROHRI.63&%
0RYHPHQW 5XOHV The rule ensures safe
LV HQIRUFHPHQW UHJDUGLQJ IXQFWLRQV VSHFLÀHG LQ
storage, transport, treatment and disposal of
clause (a) of Rule 4 of the Plastic (Management
various category of industrial hazardous waste
+DQGOLQJ 5XOHV7KH%RDUGKDVLGHQWLÀHG
mentioned in the rules. One of the main features
288 units under the Plastic Waste (Management
of this rule is that the occupier of the activities
and Handling) Rules, 2011.
generating hazardous wastes or handling the
hazardous wastes becomes legally responsible ,PSOHPHQWDWLRQ RI WKH (ZDVWH 0DQDJHPHQW
for taking all practical steps to ensure that such +DQGOLQJ 5XOHV Government of India has
wastes are properly handled, labeled, stored enacted the E-waste (management & Handling)
and disposed off without any adverse impact Rules, 2011 and these Rules are effective from
on the environment. The rule also regulated the 01.05.2012. The Board has issued CTE to 84 units
LPSRUW DQG H[SRUW RI WKH KD]DUGRXV ZDVWH 7KH for recycling/dismantling of E-waste in which
KSPCB is implementing the said rules in the 56 units are operating for recycling/dismantling
VWDWH7KH%RDUGKDVLGHQWLÀHGKD]DUGRXV E-waste of capacity 47180.5 MTPA. There are
waste generating industries in Karnataka and 21 E-waste collection centers and 20 electronic
issued authorization. Implementation of Batteries equipment producers. Environment Management
(Management & Handling) Rules, 2001, Amended Policy and Research Institute, Bengaluru (EMPRI)
2010. has estimated that about 86,118 MTPA of E-Waste
7KH%DWWHULHV 0DQDJHPHQWDQG+DQGOLQJ 5XOHV is generated in Karnataka State. Further, MoEF
ZDVQRWLÀHGE\0R()*R,RQ0D\th, 2001. && KDV DPHQGHG DQG QRWLÀHG WKH (:DVWH
During the year 2010 on 4th May, the said Rules is (Management and Handling) Rules, 2011 vide
amended and called as The Batteries (Management 1RWLÀFDWLRQ GDWHG UG 0DUFK DQG FDOOHG
The E-Waste (Management) Rules, 2016 and will
92 and Handling) Amendment Rules, 2010. These
Rules shall apply to every Manufacturer, come into force from 1st October, 2016.
Implementation of the Bio-medical Waste XQLWV DW GLIIHUHQW ORFDWLRQV PL[HG ZDVWH
Management Rules, 2016. MoEF & CC has WUHDWPHQWIDFLOLW\ODQGÀOOVLWHVGHFHQWUDOL]HG
amended the Bio-Medical Waste (Management bio-methanation facility with 5 TPD capacity each.
INTRODUCTION
+DQGOLQJ 5XOHV DQG QRWLÀHG WKH %LR Further, Bulk Generators of waste like Hotels,
Medical Waste Management Rules, 2016 on 28th Restaurants, Kalyan Mantaps, Apartments etc.,
0DUFK 7KH %RDUG KDV LGHQWLÀHG have been directed to establish a system to handle
QR·V +HDOWK &DUH )DFLOLWLHV +&) DV RQ 0DUFK Municipal Solid Waste generated in their premises
7KHVH XQLWV JHQHUDWH DSSUR[LPDWHO\ or through empanelled service providers.
TPD of Bio-medical Waste. Common Bio-medical
5HJXODWLRQ RI 6ODXJKWHU +RXVHV Directorate
Waste Treatment & Disposal Facility: The Board
of Municipal Administration (DMA), GoK, is
has issued consent to 30 Common Bio-medical
proposing to establish modem abattoirs in
Waste Treatment Facilities (CBMWTF) in the state
LGHQWLÀHG 8UEDQ /RFDO %RGLHV DFURVV .DUQDWDND
of which 25 units are operating for processing
Board issued CTE for following slaughter house
of Bio-medical waste and 5 units are to be
in the year 2015-16 - Slaughter House of Town
commissioned. Implementation of the Municipal
Municipal Council, Sy.No. 607/487, Gundlupet;
Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules,
Slaughter House of City Municipal Corporation,
2000.
Sy.No.175/4, Adibatti Village, City Municipal
The Rule places responsibility on the Council, Gokak.
municipal authority within their jurisdiction
Indo Norwegian Environment Programme:
for the implementation of this Rule and for any
Indo Norwegian Environment Programme in
infrastructure development for collection, storage,
Karnataka was commenced in the year 1997 with
segregation, transportation and processing and
a Norwegian Aid of Rs. 198.00 million, for a period
disposal of municipal solid waste. The State
of 5 years. The main objectives of the programme
Pollution Control Board is to grant authorization
is to contribute towards sustainable management
IRU WKH VHWWLQJ XS RI ODQGÀOOSURFHVVLQJ IDFLOLWLHV
and utilization of natural resources and combat
and to monitor the ground water, ambient air,
and reduce air, water and soil pollution. The
leachate quality and the quality of compost.
programme also encompasses enhancement of
6WDWXVRILPSOHPHQWDWLRQRI06:5XOHV There technical and management knowledge including
DUH ORFDO ERGLHV ZKLFK DUH LGHQWLÀHG E\ institutional capacity - building in the environment
this Board in the State (Of late, Government of ÀHOGWRSURPRWHWHFKQLFDOO\DQGÀQDQFLDOO\VRXQG
Karnataka has upgraded certain local bodies from and sustainable solutions. The main aspect of this
TMC to CMC, TP to TMC and as per the latest programme is involvement of public participation
revision there are 275 local bodies) and out of during the implementation of programme. All
these, 215 local bodies have taken possession WKH SLORW SURMHFWV ÀQDQFHG XQGHU ,1(3 KDV D
RI ODQG ÀOO VLWHV XUEDQ ORFDO ERGLHV YL] component of public participation either by way
Mangaluru, Belagavi, Shivamogga, Karwar, of cash or kind. A number of pilot projects in the
Udupi, Puttur, Kundapur, Kalaburagi, Ballari, HQYLURQPHQWÀHOGKDYHEHHQLQLWLDWHGLQWKH6WDWH
Bagalkot, Chitradurga, Mudhol and Mysuru to achieve the objectives.
KDYHHVWDEOLVKHGVDQLWDU\ODQGÀOOIDFLOLWLHVDVSHU
The following are the projects taken up for
06:5XOHV%%03KDVLGHQWLÀHGODQGÀOOVLWHVIRU
LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ Integrated Urban Environment
development under public private partnership.
Improvement Programme, Bengaluru.;
6ROLG ZDVWH PDQDJHPHQW LQ %%03 Bengaluru Integrated Development of Madivala, Hebbal
generates around 3500 Tonnes of Municipal Solid and Doddabommasandra Lakes, Bengaluru.;
Waste daily. The BBMP is responsible to carry Integrated Ecological and Environmental Project
out collection, street sweeping, transportation, for Mysuru (Chamundi Hills).; Demonstration
processing and disposal of the Municipal Solid of Decentralized Pico Hydel Power Projects
Waste as per the Municipal Solid Waste Rules as an eco-friendly technology to meet the
2000. To encourage segregation at source BBMP energy needs of small communities in hill areas
has established 188 Dry Waste Collection Centres, of Karnataka.; Centre for Ash Utilisation
which collect only dry waste from Wards. Board Technology & Environment Conservation
has accorded permission to BBMP to establish DW 5DLFKXU WKHUPDO 3RZHU 6WDWLRQ ([6LWX 93
construction and demolition waste treatment conservation of Plants of the Western Ghats
ZLWK VSHFLDO UHIHUHQFH WR WKH ¶HQGHPLF· DQG the lakes, including the water quality monitoring
¶WKUHDWHQHG· SODQWV LQ DQ $UERUHWXP LQ 3LOLNXOD and eviction of encroachment etc. The Authority
Nisarga Dhama, Mangaluru.; Establishment of has also launched public awareness campaign
a Technology Development and Demonstration in order to sensitize people and the citizens of
HAND BOOK OF
KARNATAKA
Cell for iron ore waste tailings based building Bengaluru towards these lakes. The Authority has
products at Karnataka Regional Engineering also co-ordinated with Bengaluru Development
College (KREC), Surathkal.; Bio-reactors for Authority. Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike,
&OHDQ &RIIHH (IÁXHQWV UHGXFLQJ ZDWHU SROOXWLRQ Karnataka, Forest Department, Minor Irrigation
in Western Ghats with appropriate technology Department and other related Department to
solutions.; Bio-medical waste management for take up lake conservation works in such lakes as
Kalaburagi City.; Eco-development through controlled by them. The developed/undeveloped
Urban Forestry Programme.; Empowerment of lakes in Bengaluru and surroundings are also
3RXUDNDUPLNDV in Bengaluru City.; Cleaner and proposed to be maintained through public-private
sustainable industrial development through participation. Lake Development Authority is
Cleaner Production. ZRUNLQJRQWKH([SUHVVLRQRI,QWHUHVWDQGDGRSWD
lake policy for the same.
Lake Development Authority: The Lake
Development Authority is an autonomous Karnataka Bio-diversity Board: The
regulatory, planning and policy body Karnataka Bio-diversity Board has started
for Protection, Conservation, Reclamation, functioning from 01-08-2003 as per provisions
Restoration, Regeneration and Integrated of Biological Diversity Act, 2002. The prime
Development of Lakes, whether natural or man- objective of the board is to foster the institutional
made in the State of Karnataka. Deeply concerned setup for documentation, sustainable use and
with the unchecked deterioration of lakes in development of the rich bio-diversity of the state.
and around Bengaluru and conscious of their The Karnataka State is rich in Bio-diversity of
critical role in maintaining healthy environs and plant and animal species and bestowed with great
recharging of ground water, Lake Development diversity in climate, topography and soil. The
Authority was created vide Government Order major physiographic divisions are coastal plains,
No. FEE/12/ENG/02, Bengaluru, Dated. 10th hill ranges (Western & Eastern Ghats) and Deccan
July 2002. It was initially registered society under Plateau. The Karnataka Bio-diversity Board has
the Karnataka Societies Registration Act, 1959 initiated several measures to conserve and protect
DQG D QRQSURÀW RUJDQL]DWLRQ ZRUNLQJ VROHO\ IRU the rich bio-diversity of the state as per the Act.
the regeneration and conservation of lakes within
)XQFWLRQV RI WKH %RDUG Advising the State
BMRDA jurisdiction. However, from 30.04.2003
Government on matters concerning conservation,
WKH /DNH 'HYHORSPHQW $XWKRULW\·V MXULVGLFWLRQ
sustainable use, fair and equitable sharing
KDV EHHQ H[WHQGHG RYHU WKH ODNHV LQ WKH RWKHU
RI EHQHÀWV DULVLQJ RXW RI WKH XVH RI %LRORJLFDO
city municipal corporation of the State as well
resources and knowledge. Regulation and
as lakes in the city municipalities which are the
granting of approvals for commercial utilization
main sources for drinking water.
of Biological resources in consultation with Bio-
Since its inspection the Authority has drawn up diversity Management Committees. Co-ordination
the plans for the conservation of various lakes in and Technical assistance to Bio-diversity
the State in general and in Bengaluru in particular. Management Committees. Commissioning and
This has resulted in getting the Government of sponsoring of studies, investigations and research
India grant for Nagawara Lake (Rs.5.19 crores). UHODWHG WR %LRORJLFDO 5HVRXUFHV ,GHQWLÀFDWLRQ
Vengaiahnakere (Rs.2.55 crores), Bellandur lake and promotion of Heritage sites of Bio-diversity
(Rs.5.5. crores), Kottegere Lake, Belagavi (Rs.5.640 importance. Devising methods for validation and
crores), Lalbagh (Rs. 1.66 crores) and Bhishma FHUWLÀFDWLRQRIWKHLQIRUPDWLRQFROOHFWHGWKURXJK
lake, Gadag (Rs.2.50 crores). These proposals Bio surveys.
have been sent to Government of India for the 10th
Environmental Information System: The
Five-year plan for about Rs.252 crores. Moreover
Environmental Information System (ENVIS) is a
the Authority has also taken up preparation of
project of the Ministry of Environment & Forest,
database of lakes in and around Bengaluru after
94 Government of India to facilitate generation &
SK\VLFDO YHULÀFDWLRQ RI ODNHV DQG XSGDWH DERXW
dissemination of information on Environmental on climate change and responses.
issues. MoEF has signed an agreement with the
3. All climate change related reports from EMPRI
World Bank for Environmental Management
and other MoU institutes.
INTRODUCTION
Capacity Building Technical Assistance Project.
This sub-component aims to strengthen ENVIS by 4. Featured videos which include various activi-
H[SDQGLQJLWVUHDFKWKURXJKQHWZRUNLQJYDULRXV WLHV VRFLDO DZDUHQHVV E\ (035, VKRUW ÀOP
organizations in the Government, academic, NGO on plastic ban awareness & lake conservation,
and corporate sectors. EMCB-ENVIS Node at the TV quiz programme on climate change named
Department of Forest, Environment & Ecology, Thatt Antha Heli, DD Chandana programme
Government of Karnataka has been setup with ¶+HOOR *HOH\DUH· DERXW DZDUHQHVV RQ SODVWLF
the subject area of State Environment Issues. ban.
7KH DFWLYLWLHV RI WKH QRGH LQFOXGH Establishing 5. Important national and international news
linkages with users/organisations, Create and & events related to climate change.
maintain databank on Urban Lakes-Bengaluru, 6. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) with
Launching of website in the subject area answers about climate change. 7. Dashboard
allotted with regional language interface and IRU%XWWHUÁ\0RQLWRULQJ
develop linkages with ENVIS centres, Information
I. 3URJUDPPH LQ WKH VWDWH RI .DUQDWDND: EMPRI
on queries to Departments, Organisations,
has established The Climate Change labora-
6FLHQWLÀF,QVWLWXWLRQVHWF%XLOGLQJXSLQYHQWRU\
tory to undertake research, was inaugurated
of information material, Supply information to
on 24th July 2018, Honourable Minister for
the ENVIS Programme, Identify data gaps and
Forest Ecology and Environment, GoK, Some
knowledge gaps in the subject area and take
of the major equipments are Leaf area meter,
DFWLRQWRÀOOWKHJDSV&ROOHFWUHSRUWV MRXUQDOV
CHNS Analyser, Infrared Gas Analyser etc. The
in the subject area for requisite database.
laboratory will facilitate the analysis of various
Climate Change and Mitigation Measures: parameters related to climate change viz., soil,
Environmental Management and Policy plant and micro-biological aspects.
5HVHDUFK ,QVWLWXWH (035, XQGHUWDNHV VFLHQWLÀF
II. Telemetric Weather Stations: To understand the
research, policy research and offers training on
response of vegetation to natural variability
concurrent environmental issues relevant to the
in climate, two automatic weather stations
society, industry and Government.
Telemetric weather stations ((ID: 10201 and ID:
Centre for Climate Change: Under the National 10202)) are installed in Doresanipalya Forest
Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate campus and Banneraghatta National Park.
Change (NMSKCC), Department of Science and The weather parameters such as temperature,
Technology, Govt. of India, a Strategic Knowledge solar radiation, wind speed and rainfall, will be
Centre on Climate Change is established in EMPRI recorded and sent to the server in KSNMDC for
during 2016. A web-portal named “Karnataka further computations.
State Climate Change Strategic Knowledge Portal”
III. 5HVHDUFK 3URMHFWV 8QGHUWDNHQ E\ (035,:
has been developed to disseminate knowledge
I.Establishing Permanent Preservation Plots
on climate change and related activities in an
for long-term ecological studies to monitor
LQWHUDFWLYH DQG HIÀFLHQW ZD\ WKURXJKRXW WKH
climate change. To monitor the effect of climate
state of Karnataka. It is developed using PHP &
change, one hectare Permanent Preservation
MYSQL and is hosted in Karnataka State Data
plots (PPPs) are established in Banneraghatta
Centre, CeG. The link to the web portal is : http://
National Park (BNP) and Doresanipalya forest.
skcccempri.karnataka.gov.in.
Studies aimed to develop a baseline data to
The features of the web-portal include: XQGHUVWDQG WKH ÁRULVWLF GLYHUVLW\ DQG IRUHVW
1. Discussion forum for interacting with the dynamics of the PPPs were initiated in 2017.
GRPDLQ H[SHUWV UHVHDUFKHUV VWXGHQWV DQG The methodology for selection and laying of
public. VDPSOH SORWV DVVHVVPHQW LGHQWLÀFDWLRQ DQG
tagging of plants were based on the protocol by
2. Interlinking with all knowledge Institutions
Centre for Tropical Forest Sciences (CTFS). 95
who are engaged in research and development
7KH HQXPHUDWLRQ RI ÁRUD LQ WKH RQHKHFWDUH Physico-Chemical Analysis. 5) GIS studies for
plot in Thale woodhouse (moist deciduous type) characterising the Permanent Preservation Plots.
area of BNP is completed. All woody individuals 6) Developing and updating Knowledge portal with
>1 cm dbh (diameter at breast height) were VSHFLÀF GDVKERDUGV IRU 3HUPDQHQW 3UHVHUYDWLRQ
HAND BOOK OF
KARNATAKA
WDJJHG LGHQWLÀHG WR VSHFLHV OHYHO DQG PHDVXUHG Plots (PPP) database: Dashboard for Weather Data
In thale wood house plot a total of 1586 trees of from all districts of Karnataka.
GLIIHUHQW VSHFLHV ZHUH UHFRUGHG 7KH ÀQGLQJV
%XWWHUÁ\ PRQLWRULQJ SURJUDPPH IRU .DUQDWDND
showed that the species diversity is relatively
6WDWH 0RELOH$33HQDEOHGLGHQWLÀFDWLRQDQGGDWD
high in the plot. The most dominant species are
processing dashboard. Documentation of case
Oleadioica (Oleaceae), a tree with 292 individuals
studies: For documentation of the activities/
that accounts for 13.27 abundance followed by
programs and best practices (case studies) for
Cipadessa baccifera (Meliaceae) a shrub (154
adaptation/mitigation of climate change, the
individuals and 7.33 abundance) and =L]LSKXV
following case studies are being undertaken: 1.
oenoplia (Rhamnaceae), a liana (140 individuals
Organic farming for climate change adaptation–A
DQG DEXQGDQFH (QXPHUDWHG ÀHOG GDWD RI
case study in Karnataka. DA pilot study was
Thalewood house Plot has been transferred to GIS
conducted in eleven villages of Tumakuru district
platform using Arc GIS software to understand
E\VXUYH\LQJWKHIDUPHU·VÀHOGV,WZDVIRXQGWKDW
the distribution pattern of species and the
22.85 per cent were following organic farming
contour maps, water delineation map and spatial
while others were practicing inorganic cultivation.
distribution of tree species are prepared. Canopy
The major crops in the surveyed area were majorly
species such as Olea dioica, Schleichera oleosa,
coconut trees under organic farming and ragi
Shorea roxburghii and Syzygium cumini showed
crops under inorganic cultivation.
VLJQLÀFDQW DJJUHJDWHG GLVSHUVLRQ ZKLOH VSHFLHV
such as Terminalia arjuna, Terminalia bellirica, 2. Organic farming as an adaptation strategy to
DQG 3K\OODQWKXV HPEOLFD showed random climate change through Savayava Bhagya Yojane
dispersion. LQ .DUQDWDND Savayava Bhagya Project, an
ambitious project of the Karnataka government, is
The total individuals recorded in the second plot
being implemented at Hobli level in co-ordination
established in Bugarikallu area (Scrub forest)
with NGOs selected transparently through
of Banneraghatta National Park (BNP) are 2,115
e-tendering since 2013-14. The selected NGO is
with 76 species. The dominant species is found to
given the task of adopting 100 hectares of area
EH ,[RUD QLJULFDQV IROORZHG E\ Anogeissus
in each Hobli. Currently, this project is under
latifolia (248) and Erythroxylum monogynum
implementation in 566 Hoblis and an area of
(227). A one-hectare plot has been established
63,677 hectares involving 53,829 farmers has been
in the Jalari regeneration and natural growth
brought under the project. The project area has
region of Doresanipalya Reserve forest. The plot
EHHQ EURXJKW XQGHU JURXS FHUWLÀFDWLRQ WKURXJK
consists of various species of naturally grown
.DUQDWDND 6WDWH 6HHG DQG 2UJDQLF &HUWLÀFDWLRQ
plants including Jalari and Bamboo plantations.
Agency (KSSOCA).
The enumeration and tagging of plants at
Doresanipalya permanent preservation plot is 3. Integrated approach of Sujala watershed
under progress. scheme towards mitigation of climate change in the
state of Karnataka. The integrated approach of
Sub-projects: The following sub-projects are
6XMDODSURMHFWKDVPDGHVLJQLÀFDQWLPSDFWRQWKH
initiated for studying the Permanent Preservation
socio-economic conditions of the rural livelihoods
Plots established in Bannerghatta National
as well as the status of natural resources. The
Park and Doresanipalya forest. 1) Phenological
thrust on land and water management resulted
studies on selected Tree species at Permanent
in the desired and sustainable impact in terms
Preservation Plots of Bannerghatta National
of rejuvenating the natural resource base,
Park and Doresanipalya forest. 2) Photosynthetic
reducing the run off and increasing the water
potential of some important tree species in
table, arresting the soil erosion and improving the
permanent preservation plots of Bannerghatta
productivity.
national park and Doresanipalya forest. 3) Micro-
biological studies in forest soils of Permanent 4. Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation
96
Reservation Plots. 4) Carbondynamics and Soil strategy in Karnataka Agriculture (Millet
Promotion and Organic farming). The dry land State of Karnataka has been drawn by identifying
farming and millet farming as an adaptation WKH H[LVWLQJ JUHHQ VFKHPHV LQ YDULRXV VWDWH
strategy and organic farming as a mitigation government departments. The 2017-18 budgets
INTRODUCTION
strategy are evaluated. Some group / associations for the green schemes have been compiled.
formed in Karnataka for promotion of organic 7KLV H[HUFLVH ZRXOG KHOS XV WR SURMHFW WKH OLNHO\
agriculture (Krishi Prayog Pariwar (KPP), Savayava H[SHQGLWXUH XQGHU WKH JUHHQ EXGJHW FRPSRQHQW
Krishi Pariwara (SKP) and their activities are IRU WKH ÀQDQFLDO \HDU IRU WKH 6WDWH RI
elaborated. Karnataka and aid in proposing any other new
schemes/policies which would fall under the
5. Krishi Aranya Prothsaha Yojana (KAPY) as
green component.
an adaptation and mitigation measure for climate
change. Krishi Aranya Prothsaha yojane, as an 9 &HQWUH IRU &DSDFLW\ %XLOGLQJ Capacity
agro-forestry scheme has the potential to provide building includes “activities which strengthen
ERWKHFRQRPLFDQGHQYLURQPHQWDOEHQHÀWVVXFK the knowledge, abilities, skills and behaviour of
as improved productivity, enhanced soil fertility, individuals and improve institutional structures
improved livelihood, decreased vulnerability and and processes such that the organization
LQFUHDVHGFDUERQVWRFNZLWKPXWXDOEHQHÀWVWR FDQ HIÀFLHQWO\ PHHW LWV PLVVLRQ DQG JRDOV LQ D
the farmers and the environment. The farmers sustainable way”. In the year 2018-19, a total of
will be assured of better returns and the overall 36 (upto the end of November -2018) training/
environment of the land ecosystem will get awareness programmes were organized by EMPRI
rejuvenated. Details of the implementation of and 6,135 Participants (including 3,141 in Mini
this agro-forestry scheme, KAPY in Karnataka Marathon and 965 in River front cleaning) have
are evaluated as a mitigation strategy for climate been trained.
change.
The following dissemination activities
IV. Co-ordination with government Completed/Ongoing to create awareness about
departments for developing projects under ¶3ODVWLF %DQ· $FWLYLW\ 2QOLQH DQG RIÁLQH
national / international funding. training programs on Plastic ban. 2) Activity 2:
Distribution of Cloth bags, Paper bags with Plastic
a) Monitoring the NAFCC Project
Ban awareness message. 3) Activity 3: Spreading
undertaken by AH & VS: A project entitled,
DZDUHQHVV UHJDUGLQJ SODVWLF EDQ QRWLÀFDWLRQ
‘Conservation and Management of Indigenous
through whatsapp message. 4) Activity 4:
Cattle and Sheep in the Wake of Climate
Celebration of World Environment Day organizing
&KDQJH LQ .DUQDWDND· VDQFWLRQHG LQ IRU
Mini Marathon & Cyclothon at Cubbon park
Rs.24,21,52,632/- by MoEF & CC, New Delhi
Bengaluru with the Participation of eco–club
is being undertaken by Karnataka Livestock
6FKRRO VWXGHQWV 2IÀFHUV 6WDII IURP %UXKDW
Development Agency (KLDA), Animal Husbandry
Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike, Central Pollution
and Veterinary Services (AH & VS). Out of the
Control Board, Central Industrial Security Force,
total sanctioned amount of Rs.4.44 crores
College students & General public at large. River
(2016-17) Rs.3.30 crore has been released to
front cleaning at Kapila & Pennar rivers with the
the implementing a genetics - KVAFSU/NDRI/
SDUWLFLSDWLRQRIHFR²FOXE6FKRROVWXGHQWV2IÀFHUV
KSWDC. An amount of Rs.189.99 lakh was spent
& staff from Forest department, Karnataka State
upto 31-03-2018 and the balance amount was
Pollution Control Board, MoEF & CC, Urban local
Rs.254.48 lakhs. A total amount of Rs 211.63
bodies & Central Industrial Security Force. 5)
lakh has been utilized by the implementing
Activity 5: Distributed T-shirts with Plastic ban
agencies. The work is under progress.
message. 6) Activity 6: Participated and displayed
E 3UHSDUDWLRQ RI SURSRVDOV DQG UHSRUWV *UHHQ the plastic ban message in Mysore Dushera
EXGJHW The Intended Nationally Determined ([KLELWLRQ $FWLYLW\ $GYHUWLVHPHQWLQYROYLQJ
Contributions (INDCs) were reviewed in the FHOHEULWLHVVOLGHVKRZLQÀOPKDOOVGRFXPHQWDU\
FRQWH[W RI 1DWLRQDO $FWLRQ 3ODQ RQ &OLPDWH and Telecasting.
Change (NAPCC) and Karnataka State Action
9, &HQWUH IRU /DNH &RQVHUYDWLRQ &/& 1.
Plan on Climate Change (KSAPCC). The various
Developing Conservation Strategies for the
green schemes/policies/programmers relating to
Water bodies in Hubballi-Dharwad Municipal 97
INDCs were shortlisted. The green budget for the
Corporation (HDMC); The EMPRI has taken-up Science (IISc), Bengaluru has conducted a GSDP
WKH VWXG\ HQWLWOHG DV DERYH XQGHU WKH ÀQDQFLDO Course on Valuation of Ecosystem Services/Green
assistance by CiSTUP, IISc, Bengaluru. Presently GDP for 15 days during August 5th– August 19th
the study has been completed and the draft 2018. Under the Grid based decision support
HAND BOOK OF
KARNATAKA
report has been uploaded in the public domain system (GRIDSS): Scheme for Sustainable
for seeking suggestions and inputs from the Management of Natural Resources, EMPRI-
public. The study has addressed the present ENVIS hub Bengaluru has chosen Ramanagara
status of the 101 inventoried water bodies (54 district for GRIDSS program for the F/Y 2018-19
H[LVWLQJDQGGLVXVHG SUHSDUDWLRQRIWKHZDWHU in consultation and with the approval of ENVIS
bodies database (Including Kere, Katte & Kunte); Secretariat, MoEF & CC for case study. District
land use and land cover changes analysis over ZDV GLYLGHG LQWR JULGV RI [ NP 7KH IRFXV
the time period using GIS application; Unique of ENVIS has been to provide environmental
,GHQWLÀFDWLRQ &RGH 8,' IRU DOO ZDWHU ERGLHV information to decision makers, policy planners,
,GHQWLÀFDWLRQRISROOXWLRQVRXUFHVHQFURDFKPHQWV scientists and engineers, research workers etc.
Physico-chemical analysis and bio-diversity
2. 1DWLRQDO *UHHQ &RUSV 1*& 3URJUDPPH
documentation, Estimated economic value
National Green Corps is a major initiative of MoEF
of the major lakes; preparation of Lake Health
& CC launched in 2001. The objective of the
Card. During the study an effort has been made
programme is to establish “National Green Army”
to understand the present status of the water
in schools all over the state to create awareness
bodies in the study area in a holistic manner,
on environment and carry out action based
for formulating conservation strategies which
programmes for protection and improvement of
would help the Policymakers, Administrators
environment. EMPRI is serving as Nodal Agency
and the stakeholders to look into the integrated
for NGC in Karnataka, since Jan, 2009.
management of the water bodies.
Eco-Clubs each year undertake various
VII. Outreach Activities. 1. Environmental
DFWLYLWLHVDWWKUHHOHYHOV7KHÀUVWOHYHORIDFWLYLW\
Information System (ENVIS): Environmental
namely awareness based activity eg. Rally/jathas,
Information System Ministry of Environment
H[SHUWWDONVHGXFDWLYHÀOPVKRZVVHPLQDUVWKH
and Forest & Climate Change (MoEF &CC) has
second level activity is more about action and
QRWLÀHG(035,DVWKHQRGDODJHQF\IRU(19,6LQ
observation like survey outings, data collection,
Karnataka and has the responsibility of running
record keeping and the third level activity is
the ENVIS Centre from dated 01-01-2009.
more action oriented which entails activities like
)ROORZLQJ DUH WKH FRPSRQHQWV RI .DUQDWDND Plantations, vermin composting, water/energy
ENVIS Centre: Indian State level Basic conservation and sanitation. The Eco-Club
Environmental Information Database (ISBEID): programme grant-in-aid has been increased from
An environment related database on 17 modules Rs-2500/- to Rs-5000/- per Eco-Club for carrying
are accessible in the http://www.isbeid.gov.in/. environment awareness programme from the year
DENVIS website contains 9 sections namely State 2017-18. The EMPRI is involved in providing
of Environment & Related Issues, Environment continuous support and assistance to implement
News, publications, events, kids centre, glossary, and strengthen the programme by conducting
major activities, performance report and regular school visits and also conducting training/
bibliography can be accessed in the link. DENVIS, workshops for eco-club teacher in-charge and the
EMPRI has prepared State of Environment GLVWULFWOHYHORIÀFHUV
Report Karnataka–2015 (SoER), Funded by MoEF
3. Various activities conducted by EMPRI under
& CC, GoI. Earlier to this EMPRI had prepared
NGC programme Celebration of Environmental
SoER. Karnataka 2003, 2011 and SoER
days like World Environment day, Renewable
Bengaluru-2008. SoER-2015 Karnataka report
Energy day, World Ozone day, World Wet lands
released on 29th June 2018. In order to develop a
day, Environmental Protection day etc. for the
robust decision support system for environmental
Eco-Club school children. a) World Environment
policy, planning and outcome evaluation, Green
Day (WED-2018): On the occasion of World
Skill Development Programme (GSDP), was
Environment Day celebration EMPRI organized
launched in June, 2017. ENVIS- EMPRI with
98 the Mini-Marathon of 5 Km and Cyclothon of
ENVIS Resource Partner Indian Institute of
10Km on 3rd June 2018 by involving school Drama Competition, Drawing Competition and
children to spread the message of theme of WED Slogan Writing Competition were conducted for
2018 “Beat plastic pollution” in Cubban Park, school students of Government High School,
INTRODUCTION
Bengaluru. Around 3,141 people participated in Jayanagar, Bengaluru, Government High School,
the event which included EMPRI staff, School Sarakki, Bengaluru, Government High School,
VWXGHQWV&3&%6RXWK5HJLRQDO2IÀFHVWDII&53) Puttenahalli, B.Dayananda Kannada High School,
6RXWK 5HJLRQDO 2IÀFH VWDII ,7%3 6RXWK 6HFWRU Kumarswamy layout, Bengaluru have participated
staff, Dept. State Police, GoK, Dept. Personnel H[WUDRUGLQDULO\
& Administrative Reforms, GoK, Dept. Forest,
&RDVWDO 5HJXODWLRQ =RQH 0DQDJHPHQW Coastal
Ecology & Environment, GoK, Dept. Horticulture,
Karnataka–A Unique Feature: Karnataka is
GoK, Dept. Fisheries, GoK, Fire & Emergency
endowed with a coastline of around 320 kms
Service Dept., GoK, Dept. Public Instruction
with varied geomorphological features mainly
506$ 66$ VWDIIV 1*2·V 6WUHHW 3OD\HUV
in the form of long beaches intersected by
Indian Army, On-line Registration participants,
lateritic rocky headlands, spits caused by coast
Volunteers and :DONHUV·
parallel rivers, shallow lagoons, limited mud
The Pennar River front cleaning in Nandi Hill ÁDWV DQG QRW VR ZLGH HVWXDULHV VXSSRUWLQJ D
(birth place of Pennar River) was arranged on few backwater channels. Fourteen rivers drain
4th June 2018. Around 460 people participated their water into the shore waters of Karnataka.
which included school children, EMPRI staff, The important estuaries include Nethravathi-
ITBP (Indo-Tibetan Border Police), CRPF (Central Gurupur, Gangolli, Hangarakatta, Sharavathi,
Reserve Police Force), CPCB (Central Pollution Aghanashini, Gangavali and Kalinadi. Formation
Control Board), Department of Horticulture, GoK; of sand bars have been found in most of the
CRP (Cluster Resource Person) from Department estuaries. There are a number of barrier spits at
of Education, tourists and public in the Nandi Tannirbhavi, Sasihithlu, Udyavara, Hangarakatta,
Hill. The participants collected wastes from Kirimanjeshwara formed due to migration of
Pennar river catchment area in the gunny bags coastal rivers. There are around 90 beaches with
were included the plastic water bottles, plastic varying aesthetic potential. Among these the
wrappers, plastic bags, plastic plates and plastic beaches at Someshwar-Ullal, Malpe, St. Meries
cups. These collected wastes in gunny bags were ,VODQG %HOHNHUL DQG .DUZDU DUH H[FHOOHQW ZLWK
handed over to the CCMC (Chikkaballapur City potential for international tourism.
Municipal Council) through the Department of
The Karnataka coast stretches across three
Horticulture, Nandi Hill Division, and GoK.
districts of Dakshina Kannada (62 km of
The cleaning Kapila River bank in Nanjangud coastline), Udupi (98 km) and Uttara Kannada
(tributary of Cauvery River) was done on 12th (160 km). The coastal stretches upto 500 metres
June 2018. Around 505 participants, included from the HTL towards the landward side all along
school children, teachers, EMPRI staff, CISF the coast, area upto 12 nautical miles in the sea,
(Central Industrial Security Force), Department of river, creeks, bays, estuaries and backwaters upto
Forest, CMC (City Municipal Council) Nanjangud, DSRLQWWLOOWKHWLGDOLQÁXHQFHLVIHOWDQGWKHODQG
MRXUQDOLVW·V 0R() && 6RXWK =RQH RIÀFH RQ HLWKHU VLGH RI WKHVH WLGDOO\ LQÁXHQFHG ZDWHU
from Bengaluru, KSPCB of Mysuru Regional ERGLHVXSWRDPD[LPXPRIPHWUHVLVGHFODUHG
RIÀFH 'HSDUWPHQW RI (GXFDWLRQ DQG SXEOLF 7KH as “Coastal Regulation Zone” as per the MoEF
participants collected wastes from Kapila River 1RWLÀFDWLRQ1R62 ( GDWHGWK-DQXDU\
bank in the gunny bags were included the plastic ZKLFKZDVLVVXHGLQVXSHUVHVVLRQRI1RWLÀFDWLRQ
water bottles, plastic wrappers, plastic bags, No.S.O.114(E) dated 18.2.1991. The coastal
plastic plates and plastic cups. These collected VWUHWFKHVVRGHFODUHGDV&5=KDYHEHHQFODVVLÀHG
wastes in gunny bags were handed over to the into 4 zones, viz., CRZ-I. CRZ-II, CRZ-III and CRZ-
Nanjangud CMC (City Municipal Council). IV based on the ecological sensitivity and the land
use pattern. Norms for regulation of activities in
b) :RUOG 2]RQH 'D\ Environmental
these zones and the institutional mechanism for
Management & Policy Research Institute
HQIRUFHPHQWRIWKHSURYLVLRQVRIWKLVQRWLÀFDWLRQ
(EMPRI) celebrate the World Ozone Day on
have also been built in.
20th September 2018. Competitions such as 99
.DUQDWDND 6WDWH &RDVWDO =RQH 0DQDJHPHQW 2017 issued by The Ministry of Environment
Authority has been constituted under the and Forests and Climate Change, Government
chairmanship of the Additional Chief Secretary of India. Detailed evaluation of environmental
to Government, Department of Forest, Ecology impact and use of natural resources in each
HAND BOOK OF
KARNATAKA
and Environment for ensuring compliance to the activity during issue of environmental Clearance.
SURYLVLRQV RI &5= 1RWLÀFDWLRQ .DUQDWDND 6WDWH Conditions will be imposed on environmental
&RDVWDO=RQH0DQDJHPHQW3ODQV &=03·V ZKLFK protection and sustainable development for project
was prepared in accordance with the provisions of activities determined to provide environmental
&5=1RWLÀFDWLRQ 'HPDUFDWLRQRI+LJK7LGH Clearance.
Line (HTL), have been completed by the Centre for
6FUHHQLQJ The process of determining whether
Sustainable Coastal Management (NCSCM) which
or not the project or activity requires further
is authorized by the Ministry of Environment environmental studies for assessment of its impact
Forests and climate change Government of India on the environment and to arrive at the mitigative
for this purpose. measures. Scoping: The process by which the
The job of preparation of CZMPs for Karnataka ([SHUW $SSUDLVDO &RPPLWWHHV GHWHUPLQH GHWDLOHG
DVSHU&5=1RWLÀFDWLRQKDVEHHQHQWUXVWHG and comprehensive Terms of Reference (TOR)
to the National Centre for Sustainable Coastal addressing all relevant environmental concerns
Management, Chennai and they have submitted for the preparation of Environment Impact
the draft CZMPs, which have been published Assessment.
for comments/suggestions/objections from the 3XEOLF &RQVXOWDWLRQ The process by which the
Public and the Stakeholders by giving 60 days concerns of local affected persons and others who
time on 07.09.2017. A total number of 805 have plausible stake in the environmental impacts
applications containing objections, suggestions of the proposed project are ascertained with a
and comments were received from the Public/ view to take into account all the material concerns
1*2·V*RYHUQPHQW'HSDUWPHQWV in the project. Public consultation normally has
Accordingly, the State Government of Karnataka two components comprising of (a) public hearing
and (b) response from the concerned persons
have sent the revised Coastal Zone Management
having plausible stake in the environmental
Plan to Karnataka State Coastal Zone
aspects of project in writing. The opinion,
Management Authority for recommending to the
suggestions and the concerns that emerge from
0R() &&*R,7KHGUDIW&=03·VRI.DUQDWDND
the public consultation are to be incorporated
have been submitted to MoEF & CC, GoI vide
in the Environment Impact Assessment Report
letter FEE 289 CRZ 2017, dated 28.04.2018 for
and the same has to be appropriately addressed.
DSSURYDO0R() &&KDVFRQYH\HGLW·VDSSURYDO
Appraisal: The process of detailed scrutiny of the
to the Coastal Zone management Plan for the
SURMHFWVDORQJZLWKUHOHYDQWGHWDLOVE\WKHH[SHUW
State of Karnataka on 07.08.2018. The approved
Appraisal Committee and making categorical
CZMP Maps (40 Nos) were handed over to the
recommendations to the regulatory Authority
State by the MoEF & CC on 19.09.2018.
concerned either for grant of Environmental
State Environment Impact Assessment Authority Clearance on stipulated terms and conditions or
6(,$$ A Key to Ensure Sustainable Development rejection of the application together with reasons
State Level Impact Assessment Authority for the same.
6(,$$ DQG 6WDWH /HYHO ([SHUW $SSUDLVDO
The Regulatory authority concerned viz., the
Committees (SEAC) were constituted according
State Level Environment Impact Assessment
WR(QYLURQPHQWDO,PSDFW$VVHVVPHQW1RWLÀFDWLRQ $XWKRULW\ LQ WKH 6WDWH OHYHO IRU ¶%· FDWHJRU\
ÀUVWWLPHLQ-XQHIRUDSHULRGRIWKUHH activities or the Ministry of Environment and
years. These Authorities and Committees are Forests, Government of India at Central level for
being reconstituted regularly by The Ministry of ¶$·FDWHJRU\DFWLYLWLHVWDNHVDSSURSULDWHGHFLVLRQ
Environment and Forests and Climate Change either to grant or reject Environmental Clearance
Government of India on the recommendation of taking into account the recommendation
Government of Karnataka. The present Authority PDGH E\ WKH ([SHUW $SSUDLVDO &RPPLWWHHV 7KH
and committee are reconstituted as per the QRWLÀFDWLRQ DOVR SURYLGHV IRU GHHPHG FOHDUDQFH
100 1RWLÀFDWLRQ1R62 ( GDWHGth September in order to ensure timely decision making by
the concerned regulatory authority and to JURZWK RI XUEDQ DUHDV KDYH H[HUWHG DQ DGYHUVH
avoid possible hardship to the entrepreneurs impact on the urban environment. The large
LQ FDVH RI XQGXH GHOD\ LI DQ\ 7KH QRWLÀFDWLRQ scale conversion of agricultural land in the
INTRODUCTION
KDV EXLOW LQ VXIÀFLHQW SURYLVLRQV WR HQVXUH IDLU urban periphery for urban uses like industries,
and transparent decision making process. housing and infrastructure has resulted not only
Establishment of District Level Environment in loss of greenery but in creation of urban heat
Impact Assessment Authorities/District Level LVODQGV 7KH LQFUHDVH LQ PRWRU YHKLFXODU WUDIÀF
([SHUW$SSUDLVDO&RPPLWWHHV in cities and industrialization has contributed
to air pollution which in turn has an adverse
The Ministry of Environment, Forests and
effect on the health of the people. The increasing
Climate Change, Government of India have
consumption of water is leading to depletion of
EURXJKW LQ DPHQGPHQW WR WKH 1RWLÀFDWLRQ 1R
S.O. 1533 (E) dated 14th September 2006 (EIA water resources, particularly underground water.
1RWLÀFDWLRQ SURYLGLQJ IRU FRQVLGHULQJ The enormous quantities of waste generated in
applications seeking Environmental Clearance for cities, proliferation of slums and lack of sanitation
mining of minor minerals having lease area upto are serious environmental hazards. These issues
5 Ha in case of individual leases less then to need to be addressed to meet environmental goals.
25 Ha in case of clusters at the district level vide 6ROLG :DVWH 0DQDJHPHQW Solid Waste
1RWLÀFDWLRQ 1R 62 ( GDWHG th January, Management is one of the basic functions
2016. The Ministry have further constituted of the Municipalities. Rapid urbanization,
District Level Environment Impact Assessment heterogeneous nature of waste, lack of awareness
Authority (DEIAA) under the chairmanship of the among the public and various other stake
concerned Deputy Commissioners and District holders, lack of appropriate infrastructure,
/HYHO ([SHUW $SSUDLVDO &RPPLWWHH '($& XQGHU GLVLQWHJUDWHG XQVFLHQWLÀF DSSURDFK RI ZDVWH
WKH FKDLUPDQVKLS RI WKH VHQLRU PRVW ([HFXWLYH management has made the waste management
(QJLQHHU,UULJDWLRQ'HSDUWPHQWYLGH1RWLÀFDWLRQ into an unmanageable situation. There are totally
No. S.O. 190 (E) dated 20th January, 2016.
279 Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) in the State
Sub-Divisional Magistrate or Sub-Divisional LQFOXGLQJ %%03 ([FOXGLQJ %%03 8/%V
2IÀFHU RI WKH GLVWULFW KHDG TXDUWHU ZLOO VHUYH DV generates 5020 tons of municipal solid waste
the Member Secretary of DEIAA and Assistant and it is estimated that 61 new ULBs generates
Director or Deputy Director or District Mines about 480 tons of MSW every day. As per the
2IÀFHU RU *HRORJLVW LQ WKH GLVWULFW LQ WKDW RUGHU Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016 of Ministry
will serve as the Member Secretary of DEAC. of Environment, Forest and Climate Change,
%RWK WKH 'LVWULFW OHYHO DXWKRULW\ DQG WKH ([SHUW all the ULBs are responsible for development of
$SSUDLVDO &RPPLWWHH KDYH H[RIÀFLR RIÀFLDO necessary infrastructure for collection, storage,
PHPEHUV DQG H[SHUWV WR EH DSSRLQWHG E\ WKH segregation, transportation, processing and
concerned Divisional Commissioners or Chief disposal of municipal solid wastes.
Conservator of Forests based on the term and
,QLWLDWLYHV 7DNHQ 8S The Government of
TXDOLÀFDWLRQVRIWKHH[SHUWIXOÀOOLQJWKHHOLJLELOLW\
Karnataka (GoK) with an objective to improve
FULWHULD JLYHQ LQ $SSHQGL[ 9,, WR WKH QRWLÀFDWLRQ
the quality of Solid Waste Management (SWM)
dated 15th January 2016.
services in the Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara
District Level Environment Impact Assessment Palike (BBMP) area has proposed to establish
$XWKRULWLHV DQG 'LVWULFW /HYHO ([SHUW $SSUDLVDO Solid Waste processing, treatment and disposal
Committees have been constituted in all the facilities. The Karnataka Urban Infrastructure
districts of the State as per the above said Development and Finance Corporation (KUIDFC)
QRWLÀFDWLRQ7KHVDLGDXWKRULWLHVFRPPLWWHHVDUH has been nominated as the Nodal Agency. The
working as arms of MoEF & CC of Government Government has allocated Rs.440/- crore for this
of India at the district level for the de-centralized purpose. The Solid Waste processing, treatment
decision making on environmental issues in the and disposal facilities are established in 6 sites
interest of sustainable development. besides upgrading the KCDC plant. These
Urban Development plants can handle about 2300 TPD of waste.
In order to operate and maintain these plants,
7KH JHRJUDSKLFDO H[SDQVLRQ DQG GHPRJUDSKLF 101
private operators have been appointed through a
“Performance Based Management Contract” for includes micro-level planning for door to door
FDUU\LQJRXWGD\WRGD\RSHUDWLRQVLQDQHIÀFLHQW collection of waste, management of dry/recyclable
and effective manner. wastes etc. So far DPRs pertaining to 219 ULBs
have been approved by State SBM High Powered
HAND BOOK OF
KARNATAKA
The details of the mechanical composting
Committee (SHPC) headed by Chief Secretary
facilities and the current status is as follows; At
to GoK. The DPRs for balance ULBs (which are
the pilot odour control system at KCDC, the supply
newly formed ULBs) are under preparation.
RIELRÀOWHUPHGLDDQGGXFWLQJZRUNVFRPSOHWHG
)LUH ÀJKWLQJ ZRUNV LQ SODQWV DUH XQGHUZD\ Funds allocated for SWM: Apart from grants
(Lingadheeranahalli, Subbarayanapalya & from 13th FC, SFC untied, CMSMTDP, etc., funds
'RGGDELGDUNDOOX /DQGÀOO IDFLOLWLHV XQGHUZD\ DW have been earmarked under State Budgets for
Seegehalli. Leachate treatment plant work at ISWM. An amount of Rs. 51.82 crores during the
Doddabidarkallu underway. year 2013-14, Rs.75 crores during the year 2014-
KDYH EHHQ UHOHDVHG WR 8/%V H[FOXVLYHO\ IRU
6WHSV WDNHQ WRZDUGV 6ROLG :DVWH 0DQDJHPHQW
SWM purpose. Under Swachh Bharat Mission, the
As per MSW Rules, following steps have been
MoH&UA provides 35% of the approved DPR Cost
taken in ULBs of the State, in order to achieve
and State Government will provide 2/3rd of GoI
VFLHQWLÀF DQG V\VWHPDWLF ZDVWH PDQDJHPHQW
grants i.e.23.33% of DPR Cost to the concerned
system.
ULBs for its implementation. MoHUA has allocated
a. Procurement of land for processing and Rs. 512.52 crores of central share for SWM in 279
disposal of waste and development of basic ULBs of Karnataka including BBMP and so far,
required infrastructure such as construction GoI has released Rs. 99.18 crores to the State.
of compound walls, approach road, internal $GGLQJ6WDWH·VPDWFKLQJVKDUHRI5VFURUHV
roads, watchman shed, bore-wells, electricity to it, a total grant of Rs. 146.21 crores have been
connections, plantation of trees & plants in the released so far, for SWM activities.
SHULSKHU\ RI WKH ODQGÀOO VLWH HWF 7R FDUU\RXW
&RQVWUXFWLRQ RI 0RGHUQ $EEDWWRLUV The DPRs
segregation of waste at source at least into wet &
for construction of modern abattoirs in Mysuru,
dry waste. To carryout door-to-door collection of
Hospet, Chitradurga and Chamarajanagara
waste; To establish dry waste collection centres
cities have been prepared and approval from
at ward level to manage dry wastes at ward level
MoFPI, Govt. of India has been already obtained.
itself; To establish decentralized waste processing
Project Management Consultants (PMC) for all
units in order to manage waste at ward level
the 4 projects have been selected. In Hospet,
itself to minimise burden on transportation &
Construction of modern abattoirs work has
ODQGÀOOVLWH 7RHVWDEOLVKVHSDUDWHFROOHFWLRQDQG
started, in Mysuru tender process to select the
transportation system for bulk waste, chicken
FRQWUDFWRULVFRPSOHWHG $JUHHPHQW\HWWRH[HFXWH
& mutton waste, C & D waste etc.; To establish
in Chitradurga Tender process is completed and
FRPSRVWLQJ IDFLOLWLHV DW ODQGÀOO VLWH VXFK DV
work order has been issued, in Chamarajanagara
windrow platform, vermi-composting units,
Technical sanction is obtained, DTS scrutiny is in
bio-gas units etc.; To minimise the quantity of
progress.
ZDVWH JRLQJ WR ODQGÀOO WR OHVV WKDQ RI WKH
total incoming waste.; To procure modern type Swachh Bharat Mission: Swacch Bharath
of door-to-door collection vehicles, simple waste Mission (SBM) was launched on 2nd October
processing machines, shredders, plastic baling 2014. The Mission will continue upto 2nd October
machines, screening machines, compactors etc. 2019 for a period of 5 years. The Mission has
the following components; Household toilets,
b. Normative standards for various SWM
Community toilets: Public toilets: Solid Waste
activities such as street sweeping, door-to-door
Management (SWM): DIEC & Public Awareness:
collection of waste, cleaning of public toilets,
&DSDFLW\ EXLOGLQJ DQG $GPLQLVWUDWLYH 2IÀFH
public places, markets etc have been formulated
([SHQVHV $ 2(
in order to standardize the outsourcing activities.
Community Toilets & Public Toilets (CT & PT)
c. Under Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM),
Under Public toilets, construction of 959 (6877
219 ULBs have been asked to prepare DPRs
seats) toilets are completed and 51 (432 seats)
102 for integrated solid waste management which
are under progress. Under Community Toilets,
construction of 1,348(12,623 seats) toilets are November 2018 is Rs. 131.21 crores.
completed and 134 (1,247 seats) are under
Environmental Challenges (air pollution, water
progress.
pollution, noise pollution etc.): Some of the most
INTRODUCTION
Open Defecation Free (ODF) wards: Government critical problems facing our cities concern are the
of India has allocated Rs.1017.96 crore for health impacts of urban pollution generated by
implementation of Swachh Bharat Mission inadequate water, sanitation, drainage, poor waste
and an amount of Rs. 486.71 Crores has been management and air pollution. This set of problems
released to state from GoI & State Government has NQRZQDVWKH¶%URZQ$JHQGD·FRPELQHGZLWKZKDW
released its share of Rs.108.55 Crore. Out of this DUH FDOOHG WKH ¶*UHHQ ,VVXHV· VXFK DV GHSOHWLRQ
Rs. 270.43 Crores has been released from DMA to of water and forest resources, upgradation of
8/%VXSWR1RYHPEHUDQGDQH[SHQGLWXUHRI environmentally fragile lands, occupation of
Rs.77.35 Crore has been incurred. DUHDV SURQH WR ÁRRGLQJ ODQGVOLGHV HWF DQG WKH
carbon emissions from energy use, heating,
Solid Waste Management: 100% door to door industry and transport now known as ‘Climate
waste collection is implemented in 5,291 wards &KDQJH,VVXHV·DOOSRVHVHULRXVFKDOOHQJHVWRWKH
out of 6,394 wards; 3245.84 tons of Municipal health of the eco system of a city and its people.
Solid Waste is processed daily (out of 11139.70 To tackle these issues, an Urban Environmental
TPD total waste generated in the State); ULBs Management Action Plan must be formulated. A
have to prepare Detailed Project Reports (DPRs) FLW\VSHFLÀFSODQZRXOGEHUHTXLUHGIRUODUJHFLWLHV
on Integrated Municipal Solid Waste Management such as Bengaluru, Hubballi-Dharwad, Mysuru
and so far, 218 DPRs have been approved by High and Mangaluru and a common strategy can be
Power Committee (SBM). evolved for other towns and smaller cities in the
State. The major components of the action plan
Indira Canteen Scheme: Food is the basic
could be the following: i) Conservation of water
necessity of all human beings. Urban poor people
resources: The objective should be to reduce the
OLYLQJLQFLWLHVDUHGHSULYHGRIVXIÀFLHQWTXDQWLW\RI
demand for fresh water. Conservation measures
balanced diet due to socio-economic status. With
such as rain water harvesting should be made
this background, Government has started Indira
mandatory. ii) Waste Water Management: The
Canteen to provide vegetarian breakfast, lunch
recycling and re-use of waste water should be
and dinner to the common people at an affordable
encouraged in cities which generate substantial
price of Rs.5/- for breakfast and Rs.10/- for lunch
quantities of sewerage and silage. Decentralized
& dinner each. At BBMP, 174 Indira Canteens
waste water treatment plants must be set up at
and 24 Mobile Canteens are installed and daily
appropriate places. iii) Controlling Air pollution:
on an average about 1.75 lakh to 2 lakh people
Air quality monitoring systems must be set
are served food. An amount of Rs.145 crore
up to measure various pollutants like carbon
has been provided during 2018-19 to BBMP for
GLR[LGH FDUERQ PRQR[LGH HWF &RQWUROOLQJ DLU
maintenance of Indira Canteens and Rs. 36.25
pollution depend upon factors such as density
Crore is released upto November 2018.
RIYHKLFXODUWUDIÀFDQGHPLVVLRQIURPLQGXVWULHV
The Directorate of Municipal Administration The Prevention of Air Pollution Act will have to be
will be the State Level Nodal Agency for the enforced strictly. iv) Energy Conservation: Cities
implementation of Indira Canteen Scheme in consume enormous quantities of energy. In view
DOO 8/%V RI WKH VWDWH H[FHSW WKDW RI %%03 $ of the shortage of electrical power, it is imperative
committee has been constituted to look after to promote the use of renewable energy such as
the implementation of the scheme and further VRODUDQGZLQGSRZHUDQGRWKHUHQHUJ\HIÀFLHQF\
monitoring the functioning of the canteen measures. Urban design will have to take into
under the chairmanship of respective Deputy DFFRXQW WKH HIÀFLHQW XVH RI HQHUJ\ DQG SURPRWH
&RPPLVVLRQHU·V RI WKH 'LVWULFWV 3UHVHQWO\ green buildings.
Kitchen equipments have been installed at 143 Urban Conservation and Urban Heritage: Urban
Canteens, installation process in 35 Canteens FRQVHUYDWLRQKDVEHHQGHÀQHGDVIROORZV ´8UEDQ
is under progress and Kitchen equipments to conservation seeks to retain that part of the urban
85 Indira Canteens are yet to be supplied and environment whose character is improvement of
installed. 2.75 crore food falls is served as on national or local heritage. It also seeks to enhance 103
November7RWDOH[SHQGLWXUHLQFXUUHGXSWR the environmental character by ensuring that the
sitting and the design of any new development is consists of replacement/rehabilitation of 70
complementary to it”. Kms of trunk sewers at a cost of Rs.176 crore.
The revised project cost is Rs.495 crore. The
This heritage may be in the form of: Buildings
works of this scheme has been completed and
HAND BOOK OF
KARNATAKA
or places of architectural, historical or cultural
importance.; Unique temples, mosques and DERXW 0/' RI VHZDJH ÁRZLQJ LQ 6:'V· KDV
other monuments; Designed environments such been diverted through the pipe network to the
as Russell Market or City Market in Bengaluru, treatment plants. For treating the waste water,
Connaught Place in Delhi etc.; Water front areas: BWSSB has established the following 24 Waste
lakes, rivers or sea.; Centres of recreation and water treatment plants with a capacity of 1,057
tourism-natural or manmade “Other items may MLD. Further, under Mega city Revolving Funds,
EH DGGHG GHSHQGLQJ RQ WKHLU VLJQLÀFDQFH WR the Board has taken up the following four projects
heritage”. with a total cost of Rs. 1,203 crore. These works
are targeted for completion by the end of 2020.
Waste Water Management (WWM): The core area
of Bengaluru was of 245 Sq.Km which is the older a) 150 MLD wastewater treatment plant at V
parts of the city. BWSSB has the jurisdiction in Valley at a cost of Rs.470.93 Crore.
this area to supply potable water to the citizens b) 100 MLD wastewater treatment plant at Hebbal
and to collect, convey and to treat the wastewater at a cost of Rs.360.77 Crore.
generated. Several schemes were implemented to
supply potable water to the city. For collection c) 150 MLD wastewater treatment plant at K & C
of waste water generated in the city about 3,300 Valley at a cost of Rs.297.37 Crore.
Kms of smaller diameter pipelines were laid. To d) 40 MLD wastewater treatment plant at
convey the collected waste water to the treatment Doddabele at a cost of Rs.73.93 Crore.
plants, 300 Kms of higher diameter pipes were
laid. Some of the pipelines were laid about 40 to Under AMRUT Scheme, the following projects
50 years back. Due to various reasons, viz. ageing have been taken up in Waste Water Management
of sewers, encroachment of sewers, damages in =RQH 7KHVH ZRUNV DUH XQGHU H[HFXWLRQ DQG
the sewerage system, crown corrosion of sewers, targeted for completion by end of 2019.
abuse of sewers, direct discharges from the 1) 5 MLD wastewater treatment plant at Sarakki
houses built on the side of Storm Water Drain, at a cost of Rs.14.50 crore. 2) 5 MLD wastewater
direct discharges from apartments, new layouts treatment plant at Chikkabegur at a cost of
HWF D SDUW RI ZDVWH ZDWHU LV ÁRZLQJ WKURXJK Rs.13.90 crore. 3) 10 MLD wastewater treatment
Storm Water Drains. plant at Hulimavu at a cost of Rs.20.25 crore. 4)
7R DYRLG ZDVWH ZDWHU ÁRZLQJ LQ VWRUP ZDWHU 35 MLD waste water treatment plant at Agaram
drains and to convey the waste water to the at a cost of Rs.53.65 crore. 5) 20 MLD wastewater
nearby waste water treatment plants, the Board treatment plant at K.R.Puram at a cost of
has carried out the following projects: Rs.28.40 crore. 6) Replacement/Rehabilitation of
H[LVWLQJVHZHUDJHV\VWHPLQ9ULVKDEKDYDWKLYDOOH\
a) (QYLURQPHQWDO$FWLRQ3ODQ ($3 – A: This plan
from Ranganatha colony Bridge behind Total Gas
ZDVLQLWLDWHGGXULQJ.PVRIWKHH[LVWLQJ
Station on Outer Ring Road to V.Valley STP at a
trunk sewers were replaced/ rehabilitated at a
cost of Rs.52.50 crore is taken up and this work
cost of Rs.54.00 crore. There was an increase of
LV XQGHU H[HFXWLRQ DQG FRPSOHWHG E\ PLGGOH RI
0/'RIVHZDJHLQÁRZLQWRWKH673VWKHUHE\
2019. 7) EAP-C of V.Valley drainage zone at an
UHGXFWLRQLQZDVWHZDWHUÁRZLQWKH6:'
evaluated cost of Rs.396 crore. The works are
b) +HEEDO 673 =HUR ÁRZ VFKHPH: In this taken up in 4 different packages and works are
scheme 18 Kms of trunk sewers were replaced/ XQGHUH[HFXWLRQ$OOWKHVHSDFNDJHZRUNVZLOOEH
rehabilitated at a cost of Rs. 45.00 Crore. The completed by the end of 2020.
EHQHÀWVRIWKHVFKHPHZRXOGEH]HURÁRZLQWKH
S2D-Two works of intermediate sewage pumping
SWD upto Nagavara Lake, there is no entry of
VWDWLRQ DW .RUDPDQJDOD 6SRUWV &RPSOH[ ,636 WR
sewage to Hebbal and Nagavara Lakes from core
K&C Valley STP at a cost of Rs.108 crore are under
area. The STP at Hebbal would be completely
progress and targeted for completion by the end
utilized. 7KHLQFUHDVHLQÁRZLV0/'
104 of 2019. Under Ground Drainage (UGD): UGD
c) (QYLURQPHQWDO $FWLRQ 3ODQ²%: The project work amounting to Rs. 100.59 crore has been
completed in Chikkaballapur, Doddaballapur, .DUQDWDND %LRWHFKQRORJ\ DQG ,QIRUPDWLRQ
Tiptur and Harihara. UGD missing link works at 7HFKQRORJ\ 6HUYLFHV .%,76 The Karnataka
Hassan and Chintamani are completed at a cost Information Technology Services (KITS) was
INTRODUCTION
of Rs. 2.24 crore. Works amounting to Rs. 49.13 established on 7/12/2000 as a Society under the
crore is under progress in, Bhadravathi and Karnataka Societies Registration Act, to achieve
Humnabad. Sewer network length of 425.90 km the objectives contained in the Millennium
has been laid and service connections are given Information Technology Policy. To sustain and
to 43704 houses. maintain the present pre-eminent position of
.DUQDWDND DQG %HQJDOXUX LQ WKH ÀHOG RI %LR
Storm Water Drains (SWD): SWD for a length of
technology, the Government of Karnataka
33.59 km, amounting to Rs. 43.02 crore has been
announced the Millennium Bio-tech Policy in the
completed in Sringeri, Hassan, Savanur, Kolar,
year 2000. Karnataka Information Technology
Robertsonpet, Gurmitkal, Chikkamagaluru,
Services was renamed as Karnataka Bio-
Chitradurga & Chintamani. Solid Waste
technology and Information Technology Services
0DQDJHPHQW 'HYHORSPHQW RI /DQG ÀOO VLWH LQ
(KBITS) vide Govt. Order No.ITD 02 PRM 2001,
Chitradurga at a cost of Rs. 1.56 crore has
dated.19.09.2001.
been completed. Bid documents for outsourcing
Operation and maintenance through Performance This organization helps the Department of
Based Management Contract has been prepared Information Technology and Bio-technology
in consultation with WB. in facilitating and promoting the Information
Technology and Bio-tech sectors in the State
Rain Water Harvesting (RWH): Works amounting
by organizing as well as participating in Road
to Rs. 2.70 crores are completed in Kolar,
shows, Trade shows, Conferences, Symposia,
Savanur, Robertsonpet, Chitradurga, Chintamani,
Seminars held at National and International
Sira, Nagamangala and Hiriyur. Construction of
levels. This enables to project the State and its
Low Cost Sanitation (LCS): Construction of 3,139
potential for investments, implementation of its
low cost sanitation units at a cost of Rs. 6.84
policies and programmes, assisting industries
crores have been completed.
in getting quick clearances, administering
Directorate of Information Technology & Bio- incentives and concessions announced in state
technology (DIT) policies, etc. Vide Govt. Order No. ITD 02 PRM
Directorate of Information Technology & Bio- 2001, dated.19.09.2001. Karnataka Information
technology was established vide the Government Technology Services has been renamed as
Order No. ITD 02 PRM 2001 dated 19.09.2001. The ‘‘Karnataka Bio-technology and Information
Directorate was entrusted with the responsibility of Technology Services (KBITS)”.
implementing the various Information Technology
KBITS provides secretarial services to the State
and Bio-technology promotional activities
Level Single Window Agency and High Level
besides its regular functions. The Directorate
Committee, for quick clearance of the Information
of Information Technology and Bio-technology
Technology and Bio-technology Projects in the
is responsible for drawing the grants from the
State. KBITS assists the Directorate of Information
Treasury as and when released by Government on
Technology and Bio-technology, for administering
various on-going schemes allocated in the Budget
incentives and concessions to Information
and disburses to the implementing agencies.
Technology and Bio-technology companies. KBITS
7KH IROORZLQJ VFLHQWLÀF LQVWLWXWLRQV FRPH XQGHU
is made single point stop for providing all basic
the Department of Science and Technology:
information that facilitates the establishment of IT
1) Karnataka State Council for Science and
& Biotech Industries in the State.
Technology (KSCST); 2) Karnataka Science and
Technology Academy.; 3) Jawaharlal Nehru KBITS is the Nodal Agency for implementing
Planetarium (JNP); 4) Karnataka State Drought the decisions of Vision Group on IT and Vision
Monitoring Cell (KSDMC); 5) Karnataka Rajya Group on Bio-technology. KBITS promotes the
Vignana Parishat (KRVP); 6) Dharwad Regional growth of IT & Bio-tech companies by way of
Science Centre, and 7) Mangalore Pilikula Regional organizing, sponsoring and participating in
Science Centre. National/International Workshops, Conferences,
([KLELWLRQV HWF .%,76 KDV EHHQ LQVWUXPHQWDO 105
in organizing the annual tradeshows viz in the State and to create infrastructure for the
Bengaluru IT.biz (earlier called as BengaluruIT. rapid growth of electronic industries. It was
in), Bengaluru BIO and Bengaluru Nano. KBITS envisaged to function both as manufacturer and as
co-ordinates promotional activities undertaken a facilitator as well as catalyst for the development
HAND BOOK OF
KARNATAKA
by institutions engaged in IT & Biotech area and RIHOHFWURQLFLQGXVWULHVDQGDFFRUGLQJO\FODVVLÀHG
work as a synergic liaison between Industry and as development enterprise. The authorized capital
Government. of the company is Rs.10 crores consisting of
10,00,000 equity shares of Rs. 100 each. The paid
&RQIHUHQFHV ([KLELWLRQV DQG 7UDGH )DLUV
up capital as on 31.3.2008 is Rs. 787.20 lakhs.
KBITS promotes the growth of IT & Biotech
This entire share capital has been contributed by
companies by way of organizing, sponsoring
the Government of Karnataka at various points of
and participating in National/International
time commencing from 1977.
:RUNVKRSV&RQIHUHQFHV([KLELWLRQVHWF.%,76
has been instrumental in organizing the annual Activities of Karnataka State Electronics
tradeshows viz Bengaluru IT.biz (earlier called as Development Corporation Limited (KEONICS) : The
Bengaluru IT.in), Bengaluru BIO and Bengaluru present activities of Karnataka State Electronics
Nano. Development Corporation Limited are broadly
categorized as under: Training Services: Karnataka
%HQJDOXUX ,7LQ $VLD·V SUHPLHU ,&7 HYHQW LV
State Electronics Development Corporation
initiated by the Department of Information,
Limited has network of 230 training centers
Bio-technology and Science & Technology,
throughout Karnataka. The computer training
Government of Karnataka and STPI Bengaluru,
and Information Technology enabled service
with the aim of facilitating business between
activities have been awarded with ISO 9001:2000
Information, Communications, Media and
FHUWLÀFDWLRQV $OO WKH WUDLQLQJ FHQWHUV DUH ZHOO
Technology companies across the globe. Bengaluru
equipped with latest Hardware and Software.
IT.biz is an ideal platform for ICT companies
:HOOH[SHULHQFHG IDFXOW\ PHPEHUV DUH GHSOR\HG
from across the globe to network with technology
in these centers. These centers will also act as
OHDGHUVLQ,QGLD%HQJDOXUX%LRWKHÁDJVKLS%LR
point of presence for various other activities
technology Event in India is promoted by the
of Karnataka State Electronics Development
Department of Information, Bio-technology and
Corporation Limited. Training programmers
Science & Technology, Government of Karnataka
are also being conducted to staff of various
and the Vision Group on Bio-technology has
Government Departments and organizations in
HPHUJHGDVWKHODUJHVWFRQJUHJDWLRQRI,QGLD·V%LR
addition to other candidates.
tech community generating tremendous interest
and response worldwide. Bengaluru Nano is being ,QIUDVWUXFWXUH)DFLOLW\6HUYLFHV Karnataka State
organized as an annual event to tap the emerging Electronics Development Corporation Limited has
potential in the sector and strength of Bengaluru set up Electronics City on sprawling 332 acres of
DV¶.QRZOHGJH&DSLWDO·RIWKH&RXQWU\7KHHYHQW land on Hosur Road, Bengaluru. This Electronics
is growing from strength to strength over the City is today a major hub of Information
years under the able and dynamic leadership Technology activities. With a view to encourage
of Prof. C.N.R. Rao, Chairman, Vision Group growth of Information Technology and Information
on Nanotechnology, Government of Karnataka, Technology enable Services industries in northern
&KDLUPDQ 6FLHQWLÀF $GYLVRU\ &RXQFLO WR WKH part of Karnataka, an Information Technology
Prime Minister, National Research Professor, Park at Hubballi with a total built up area of 3.55
Linus Pauling Research Professor & Honorary lakh sq. Ft. is established Software Technology
President, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advance Parks of India has already provided high speed
6FLHQWLÀF5HVHDUFK connectivity at Information Technology Park,
Hubballi.
Karnataka State Electronics Development
Corporation Limited (KEONICS): Karnataka State 0DUNHWLQJ6HUYLFHV Karnataka State Electronics
Electronics Development Corporation Limited Development Corporation Limited (KEONICS)
(KEONICS) was incorporated as a Public Limited is supplying EPABX systems to various Défense
Company in September 1976 with the objective of head Quarters. It has also undertaken projects
106 promoting the development of electronic industry of telecommunication networks by using Optical
Fibre Cables and underground cables and is also GIS base programmes for the Line Departments
marketing computer hardware, software and RIWKH6WDWHRQQRQSURÀWEDVLV%HFDXVHRIWKLV
electronic equipments to various Government many Line Departments are coming forward to
INTRODUCTION
organizations. use remote sensing based data as an input for
drawing up perspective management plan for
It has also provided e-tendering solution
developmental activities in the State.
¶7HQGHU :L]DUG· WR PRUH WKDQ *RYHUQPHQW
organizations. In these projects, Karnataka State 6FLHQFH DQG 7HFKQRORJ\ :LQJ Science has
Electronics Development Corporation Limited has occupied the centre stage in our lives and
partnered with companies like M/s Tata Telecom, technology is shaping the way we live. The basic
Pair Cables, Simoco, HP, CMS, Antares, etc., knowledge of Science and Technology is a pre-
requisite for the overall prosperity of the human
&RQVXOWDQF\ 6HUYLFHV Karnataka State
EHLQJ,WLVQHFHVVDU\WRFUHDWHDVFLHQWLÀFWHPSHU
Electronics Development Corporation Limited
among the community for the purpose of attaining
has developed in house competence in offering
a healthy society especially in the matters of
consultancy on project implementation to
environment and conservation of natural resources.
various Government Departments in the areas
The need of the hour is to educate the common
of Networking, Web creation and Software
man on Science and Technology. Keeping in view
Development and Computerization plans. It
of this the Government has created Science and
has acquired these skills through re-orientation
Technology Department in 1981. Administrative
training programmes as system integrators,
setup of the Science and Technology Unit:
FHUWLÀHG HQJLQHHUV DQG VRIWZDUH GHYHORSHUV
Earlier, the Science and Technology Unit was
Karnataka State Electronics Development
working under the administrative control of
Corporation Limited has also signed Memorandum
the Planning Department. Subsequently by
of Understanding with various organizations to
Government Order No. DPAR 72 Sasivi 2003,
market their products and services. To name a few
dated:11/08/2003 this Unit was brought under
are e-devalaya, tender wizard, works management
the administrative control of Principal Secretary,
system, drugs Logistics Smart Card, etc.
Information Technology, Biotechnology, Science
Karnataka State Remote Sensing Applications and Technology.
&HQWUH .656$& Karnataka State Remote
Karnataka State Council for Science and
Sensing Applications Centre (KSRSAC) is an
Technology (KSCST) was established in the year
autonomous organization under the Department
,WLVRQHRIWKHÀUVW6WDWH6 7&RXQFLOVWREH
of Information Technology & Bio-technology and
set-up in the country. KSCST is an autonomous
Science & Technology, Government of Karnataka.
S&T organization under Department of Science
The Director, Karnataka State Remote Sensing
& Technology, Government of Karnataka.
Applications Centre is the head of the Centre.
During the last three and half decades of its
The activities of Karnataka State Remote Sensing
H[LVWHQFH.6&67KDVEHHQSURDFWLYHO\HQJDJLQJ
Applications Centre (KSRSAC) are guided and
itself WR LGHQWLI\ ORFDOH VSHFLÀF needs / problems
PRQLWRUHGE\WKH([HFXWLYH&RPPLWWHHZKLFKLV
in the broad areas of Agriculture, Water,
headed by the Principal Secretary or the Secretary
Education, Energy, Ecology and Environment,
to Government, as the case may be, Department
Habitat, Health, Solid and Electronic waste and
of Information Technology, Bio-technology and
Infrastructure. In co-operation with the Indian
Science & Technology.
Institute of Science and several other premier
Karnataka State Remote Sensing Applications 5 ' LQVWLWXWLRQV LQ WKH VWDWH .6&67 H[HFXWHV
Centre is the Nodal Agency for implementation PDQ\ SURMHFWV DQG SURJUDPPHV OHDGLQJ WR ÀQG
of GIS and Remote Sensing (including S&T based solutions such as providing access to
Photogrammetry) for the State. Karnataka State energy for cooking and lighting, making available
Remote Sensing Applications Centre is harnessing potable and safe drinking water, alternate
the potentials of remote sensing and GIS building technologies, which prevail as the issues
techniques for developing the digital database of of highest priority even to this day thereby
natural resources and urban sprawl in the State. improving quality of life of people. Over the years,
Karnataka State Remote Sensing Applications a number of technologies have been translated,
107
Centre has been carrying out remote sensing and from research and demonstration phase, to the
implementation and operational phase. KSCST KSNDMC has been serving as a common platform
has also been providing necessary support WR WKH YDULRXV UHVSRQVH SOD\HUV LQ WKH ÀHOG RI
to the Central and State Governments for the natural disaster management by providing
formulation S&T based policies and its wider timely pro-active science and technology inputs.
HAND BOOK OF
KARNATAKA
DFFHSWDQFHE\FDUU\LQJRXWDFWLYLWLHVOLNHVFLHQWLÀF The Master Control Facility will strengthen the
survey, project implementation, co-ordination activities of the centre in providing information,
PRQLWRULQJ RUJDQL]DWLRQ RI VFLHQWLÀF PHHWV reports, advisories to the community, research
and awareness campaigns. The Department organizations and the Government. The Centre
of Science and Technology, Government of India provides inputs to the farming community,
advocated KSCST as a model to all the states. agriculture and horticulture based sector,
ÀVKHUPDQWUDQVSRUWVHFWRUSRZHUDQGHOHFWULFLW\
As early as 1977, Karnataka State Council sector, State and District Level Disaster
IRU 6FLHQFH DQG 7HFKQRORJ\ .6&67 LGHQWLÀHG Management Authorities in Karnataka through
a project on “Popularisation of Science”. Prof. state of the art natural hazards monitoring
M. A. Sethu Rao, the then Joint Secretary of sensors, information and communication system.
the KSCST initiated the project as its convener.
The objectives of the project were twofold: To 1DWXUDO+D]DUGVLQ.DUQDWDND Climate Related
bring together several individuals and groups Hazards Drought, Flood, Cloudburst, Hailstorm,
in Karnataka already engaged in tasks of Lightning, Coastal Erosion, Storm Surge, Cyclone,
popularisation of Science and to publish a science Geological Hazards Earthquake, Landslide,
monthly in Kannada (Bala Vijnana). These Tsunami, Hydrological Hazards Groundwater
REMHFWLYHV ZHUH IXOÀOOHG DQG Karnataka Rajya depletion and Aquifer Salinity, Biological Hazards
9LMQDQD3DULVKDW (KRVP) was founded in 1980 as Plant: Pest and Insect attack, Human: Plague
an autonomous registered society started with 25 (Kolar under highest risk), SARS, Bird Flu.
units in the beginning and now it is an organisation
Karnataka States Vulnerability to Natural
of about 500 units, 4 large science centres and
'LVDVWHUV 80 per cent of the Geographical area
42 small science centres spread across the
in the state is prone to Drought. 22 per cent of
length and breadth of Karnataka. Activists and
the Geographical area in the State is prone to
promoters of KRVP include scientists, teachers,
moderate earthquake risks with possibility of
administrators, doctors and other professionals.
earthquakes with magnitude of 5 to 6.9. 24 per
Karnataka State Natural Disaster Monitoring cent of the Geographical area in the State is prone
Centre to cyclone and heavy winds. Landslides do affects
An Autonomous Body, registered under Society the areas with slops of more than 30 per cent.
5HJLVWUDWLRQ $FW $IÀOLDWHG WR 'HSDUWPHQW RI The 359 km coastal line is prone to sea-erosion
Science & Technology, Government of Karnataka. DQG 7VXQDPL WKUHDW +DLOVWRUPV DUH H[SHULHQFHG
.DUQDWDND6WDWHKDVWKHGLVWLQFWLRQRIEHLQJÀUVWLQ almost every year and causes damages to crops,
the Country to establish Drought Monitoring Cell KXPDQ OLIH·V DQG OLYHVWRFN·V $OO WKH GLVWULFWV LQ
(DMC) in 1988 as an institutional mechanism to the state are vulnerable to more than one natural
monitor the Drought. Activities broadened to also hazards. Thunder storms, cloud burst and
include monitoring other natural disasters and lightening causes considerable damages and loss
renamed as Karnataka State Natural Disaster to lives and properties.
0RQLWRULQJ&HQWUH .61'0& LQ([HFXWLYH 2EMHFWLYHV RI .61'0& Disaster Management
Committee chaired by Principal Secretary, Dept., depends heavily upon the inputs from Science
of IT, BT and S&T with Principal Secretary, and Technology. KSNDMC is providing a formal
Revenue as Vice Chairperson-Members from FRPPRQ SODWIRUP WR DFKLHYH V\QHUJ\ LQ WKH ÀHOG
OLQH GHSDUWPHQW DQG VFLHQWLÀF RUJDQL]DWLRQV of disaster management in Karnataka. The main
Governing Body headed by the Chief Secretary Objectives are: Hazard mapping and vulnerability
with Development Commissioner as Vice studies., Strengthening of information technology
President–Members comprising line departments for Natural Disasters Management, Monitoring and
DQG6FLHQWLÀFRUJDQL]DWLRQV impact assessment of natural hazards, Human
Natural Disasters Management heavily Resource Development mainly by imparting
108 training., Natural Disaster early warning system.
depends on inputs from Science and Technology.
Activities of KSNDMC: Core activities towards along with those of the Planetarium, have made
VFLHQWLÀF VWXGLHV UHODWHG WR 1DWXUDO +D]DUGV Bengaluru Association for Science Education
ZLWK H[LVWLQJ PRQLWRULQJ V\VWHP 0DLQWHQDQFH (BASE) a unique institution for dissemination
INTRODUCTION
and strengthening the monitoring system related of science with diverse activities ranging from
to Natural Disaster in the State. Forecasting, VN\WKHDWUH VKRZV VFLHQFH H[KLELWLRQV DQG
Early Warning, Advisories and Preparedness lectures and workshops for Science Teachers and
in Management of Natural Disasters: Disaster Students.
Management is multi-disciplinary and has
-DZDKDUODO 1HKUX 3ODQHWDULXP -DZDKDUODO
FRPSOH[LW\RILQIRUPDWLRQVKDULQJDQGUHSRUWLQJ.
1HKUX 3ODQHWDULXP %HQJDOXUX, was established
,W LV FRPPRQ H[SHULHQFH WKDW LQIRUPDWLRQ LV QRW
in 1989 by the Bengaluru City Corporation, now
available on real/near real time to the community
known as the Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara
and response players. It takes long time to obtain 3DOLNH (BBMP). The administration of the
the information and lot more time to integrate and planetarium was entrusted to Bengaluru
generate information/reports/advisories. A study Association for Science Education (BASE) which
reports that 40 per cent of the time is spent on was formed in 1992. BASE is an Autonomous Body
searching for the source for information, 30 per which is registered under Karnataka Societies
cent of time is spent on waiting for the information Registration Act. It is principally supported by
to arrive and another 30 per cent of the time is annual grants from the Department of Science
spent in understanding and customizing to the and Technology, Government of Karnataka. The
XVHU·VUHTXLUHPHQW7KH'LVDVWHU0DQDJHPHQW$FW BASE Governing Council consists of eminent
2005, Government of India reiterates paradigm VFLHQWLVWV DQG HGXFDWLRQLVWV DQG VHQLRU RIÀFLDOV
shift in Disaster Management from rescue, relief of the Government of Karnataka.
centric approach to preparedness, early warning
approach. It is said that one dollar spent on early Seismicity of Karnataka
warning and preparedness helps in reducing the &RPSDUHG WR WKH ([WUD3HQLQVXODU UHJLRQ
cost on rescue, relief and rehabilitation by seven representing the Himalayan Mountain-chain and
dollars. WKH H[WHQVLYH SODLQV DW LWV IRRW ZKLFK KDYH EHHQ
the sites of disastrous earthquakes in the past,
The investment made on early warning and the Peninsula, of which Karnataka forms a part,
SUHSDUHGQHVV KDV KLJK FRVWEHQHÀW UDWLR ,W has remained comparatively quiet and has been
FRPSULVHVLQVWDOODWLRQRIÀHOGPRQLWRULQJVHQVRUV least affected by earthquakes of great intensity.
- weather, geological, hydrological; collection of Greater part of Karnataka falls within zone I and
data on real time, transmission of the same to Zone II which are affected only by mild tremors,
a central computational/analysis centre; data not causing damage to life or property.
processing; analysis; alert recognition; simulation
It is generally true that the Peninsula of India
through appropriate mathematical models,
being composed of hard crystalline rocks is
customized report generation; dissemination of
immune to major destructive earthquakes.
the alerts/reports/advisories to the users. This
This does not, however, mean that earthquakes
requires Speedy Collaboration and close co-
are completely ruled out in this region. No part
operation between stakeholders. What is needed
RI WKH HDUWK·V FUXVW LV SHUIHFWO\ VWDEOH 7KH
for implementation: Sensing the pre-cursor,
traditional view is that the Peninsular shield
Transmission of raw data, Processing of data,
has remained as a rigid mass unaffected by earth
Alert recognition, Dissemination of warning,
movements. Recent geological, geomorphological
Weather forecast & agriculture advisories to
and geophysical evidences do indicate that
farming community.
the Peninsula too has been affected by earth
Bengaluru Association for Science Education movements somewhat different from those
(BASE) is devoted to science popularisation and WKDW KDYH DIIHFWHG WKH ([WUD Peninsula. These
non-formal science education. In addition to movements which have affected the peninsula
administering Jawaharlal Nehru Planetarium, are slow, upward and downward movements.
BASE has established a Science Centre in the Landsat imagery and aerial photographs show
Planetarium. The Science Centre serves as a that the Peninsula is traversed by numerous
nucleus for non-formal science education at fractures dividing it into a large number of crustal
all levels. The activities of the Science Centre, blocks. These, however, have not caused damage 109
to life or property. There is evidence for the uplift at Gauribidanur in Chikkaballapur district in
of the Peninsula as a whole by over 1000 m in collaboration with U.K. Atomic Energy Authority
comparatively recent times giving it a plateau under the guidance of Homi J. Bhabha in 1965.
aspect. These record continuously earthquakes of even
HAND BOOK OF
KARNATAKA
low intensity. In addition to 20 short-period
The Indian Peninsula is considered as the
sensors in the L-shaped main array, three long-
remnant of a larger continent which got separated
period sensors are also deployed. Signals from
and submerged beneath the Arabian Sea causing
all the sensors are continuously recorded both
profound changes in the distribution of land and
in analog and digital form. The seismic center at
sea. The long straight edge of the Western Ghats
*DXULELGDQXU FDQ UHFRUG WKH QXFOHDU H[SORVLRQV
is inferred to be the scar which was left after the
also, in addition to earthquakes of even smaller
break and drifting away of the western part of the
magnitudes.
large continent. The area parallel to the Western
Ghats is, for this reason, somewhat unstable (DUWKTXDNH+LVWRU\ In recent years much of the
and prone to be affected by earthquake shocks. seismic activity in the State of Karnataka has been
The disastrous earthquake of Koyna on 10th in the south, in the Mysuru-Bengaluru region.
December, 1967 was probably due to slippage Historically tremors have occurred in many other
DORQJ WKLV IDXOW OLQH 2I WKH WKUHH ZHOOGHÀQHG parts of the state such as Ballari. Recent studies
]RQHVWZR]RQHVUXQDSSUR[LPDWHO\SDUDOOHOWRWKH KDYH LGHQWLÀHG VHYHUDO DFWLYH IDXOWV LQ WKH
boundary between greenstone terrain in the north region, in particular in the coastal plain near the
and high grade terrain in the south, commencing towns of Bhatkal and Udupi, trending in an ESE-
from Mangaluru in the west to Kolar Gold Field WNW direction. Many of the faults continue (2,
in the east. The third zone almost runs parallel to 7) offshore into the Arabian Sea trending in the
the western margin of Closepet Granite. Generally, same direction. There is also no evidence (7) of the
these weak zones which are prone to mild tremors. southward continuation of the West Coast Fault
in the Konkan regions of the neighbouring state
6RXWK HDVWHUQ .DUQDWDND H[SHULHQFHG D PDMRU
of Maharashtra as previously believed. However,
tremor of 4.5 magnitude on Richter scale in
LW PXVW EH VWDWHG WKDW SUR[LPLW\ WR IDXOWV GRHV
1984 and the epicenter was located close to
not necessarily translate into a higher hazard
Kelamangala near Hosur. The Latur earthquake
as compared to areas located further away, as
of 30th September, 1993 was felt severely in parts
damage from earthquakes depends on numerous
of Kalaburagi and Vijayapura districts and the
factors such as subsurface geology as well as
aftershocks reached as far as south of Bengaluru.
adherence to the building codes.
Subsequently, Bhabha Atomic Research center
installed Seismographs one each at Kalaburagi, 6HLVPLF+D]DUG The seismic hazard map of India
Afzalpur and Jevargi and is continuously was updated in 2000(5) by the Bureau of Indian
monitoring these areas ever since. Standards (BIS). According to the new map, the
state of Karnataka lies in Zones II and III. The
A powerful earthquake of 8.5 magnitude and a
coastal districts as well as the northern interior
giant after shock of 8.2 magnitude struck Aceh,
districts along the border with Maharashtra, lie in
Indonesia on April 11, 2012. The epicenter was
=RQH,,,ZKHUHDPD[LPXP06.LQWHQVLW\RI9,,
located off Western part of the Indo Australian
FDQEHH[SHFWHG7KHUHPDLQLQJGLVWULFWVDVZHOO
subduction zone, about 434 km. south west of
as the city of Bengaluru lie in Zone II. Interestingly,
Aceh. Later it was inferred that the earthquake was
WKH %DOODUL UHJLRQ ZKLFK H[SHULHQFHG D VWURQJ
due to strike-slip movement along the fault which
HDUWKTXDNH LQ WKH ·V KDV EHHQ GRZQJUDGHG
could not generate any tsunami. The tremors
to Zone II. The 1984 BIS Zoning map had placed
were felt in neighboring Malaysia, Thailand,
it in Zone III. It must be noted that BIS estimates
India, Srilanka and Singapore. A substantial part
the hazard, based in part, on previous known
of Karnataka and more particularly Mangaluru,
earthquakes. Since the earthquake database in
8GXSL 0\VXUX DQG .RODU GLVWULFWV H[SHULHQFHG
India is still incomplete, especially with regards to
this tremor at about 2.00 p.m. which was followed
earthquakes prior to the historical period (before
by after shock at 4.11 p.m. which lasted for about
1800 A.D.), these zones offer a rough guide of the
2 to 5 seconds.
earthquake hazard in any particular region and
7KH%KDEKD$WRPLF5HVHDUFK&HQWHU Installed an need to be regularly updated.
110 L-shaped array of 20 short-period seismometers
I. Bengaluru Division 1. Chikkanayakanhalli 7) Mysuru District
1) Bengaluru District 2. Gubbi 1. Heggadadevana Kote
1. Anekal 3. Koratagere 2. Hunsur
INTRODUCTION
2. Bengaluru North 4. Kunigal 3. Krishnarajanagara
3. Bengaluru East 5. Madhugiri 4. Mysuru
4. Bengaluru South 6. Pavagada 5. Nanjangud
2) Bengaluru Rural District 7. Sira 6. Piriyapatna
1. Devanahalli 8. Tiptur 7. T. Narsipur
2. Doddaballapura 9. Tumakuru 8) Udupi District
3. Hoskote 10. Turuvekere 1. Udupi
4. Nelamangala II. Mysuru Division 2. Karkal
3) Chikkaballapur District 1) Chamarajanagara District 3. Kundapura
1. Bagepalli 1. Chamrajanagara III. Belagavi Division
2. Chikkaballapur 2. Gundlupet 1) Bagalkot District
3. Chintamani 3. Kollegal 1. Badami
4. Gauribidanur 4. Yelandur 2. Bagalkot
5. Gudibanda 2) Chikkamagaluru District 3. Bilgi
6. Sidlaghatta 1. Chikkamagaluru 4. Hungund
4) Chitradurga District 2. Kadur 5. Jamkhandi
1. Challakere 3. Koppa 6. Mudhol
2. Chitradurga 4. Mudigere 2) Belgaum District
3. Hiriyur 5. Narasimharajapura 1. Athani
4. Holalkere 6. Sringeri 2. Bailahongal
5. Hosadurga 7. Tarikere 3. Belagavi
6. Molakalmuru 3) Dakshina Kannada District 4. Chikkodi
5) Davanagere District 1. Bantwal 5. Gokak
1. Channagiri 2. Beltangadi 6. Hukkeri
2. Davanagere 3. Mangaluru 7. Khanapur
3. Harihara 4. Puttur 8. Raybag
4. Honnali 5. Sulya 9. Ramdurg
5. Jagalur 4) Hassan District 10. Saundatti
6) Kolar District 1. Alur 3) Vijayapura District
1. Bangarapet 2. Arkalgud 1. Vijayapura
2. Kolar 3. Arsikere 2. Indi
3. Malur 4. Belur 3. Muddebihal
4. Mulbagal 5. Channarayapattana 4. Sindgi
5. Srinivasapura 6. Hassan 5. Basavana Bagevadi
7) Ramanagara District 7. Holenarsipur 4) Dharwad District
1. Channapatna 8. Sakleshpur 1. Dharwad
2. Kanakapura 5) Kodagu District 2. Hubballi
3. Ramanagara 1. Madikeri 3. Kalghatgi
4. Magadi 2. Somvarpet 4. Kundgol
8) Shivamogga District 3. Virajpet 5. Navalgund
1. Bhadravati 6) Mandya District 5) Gadag District
2. Hosanagara 1. Krishnarajpet 1. Gadag-Betigeri
3. Sagara 2. Maddur 2. Mundargi
4. Shikaripura 3. Malavalli 3. Nargund
5. Shivamogga 4. Mandya 4. Ron
6. Soraba 5. Nagamangala 5. Shirhatti
7. Thirthahalli 6. Pandavapura 6) Haveri District
9) Tumakuru District 7. Shrirangapattana 1. Byadgi 111
2. Hanagal 4. Raichur 2) Belgavi District
3. Haveri 5. Sindhnur 1. Kagawad
4. Hirekerur 6) Yadgir District 2. Mudalagi
HAND BOOK OF
KARNATAKA
5. Ranibennur 1. Shahpur 3. Yaragatti
6. Savanur 2. Shorapur 3) Vijayapura District
7. Shiggaon 3. Yadgir 1. Babaleshwar
7) Uttara Kannada District New Talukas announced during bud- 2. Chadchan
1. Ankola get sessions after 2011Census 3. Devarahipparagi
2. Bhatkal I. Bengaluru Division 4. Kolhar
3. Haliyal 1) Bengaluru District 5. Nidagundi
4. Honnavar 1. Yelahanka 6. Talikoti
5. Supa 2) Bengaluru ® 7. Tikota
6. Karwar 1) Ramanagara District 8. Alamela
7. Kumta 1. Harohalli 4) Dharwad District
8. Mundgod 5) Davanagere District 1. Alnavar
9. Siddapur 1. Nyamati 2. Annigeri
10. Sirsi 6) Kolar District 5) Gadag District
11. Yellapur 1. KGF 1. Gajendragad
IV. Kalaburagi Division 7) Chikkaballapura 2. Lakshmeshwar
1) Bellary District 1. Cheluru
6) Haveri District
1. Ballari II. Mysuru Division
1. Rattihalli
2. Harpanahalli 1) Chamarajanagara District
7) Uttara Kannada District
3. Hosapete 1. Hanur
1. Dandeli
4. Hoovina Hadagalli 2) Chikkamagaluru District
IV. Kalaburagi Division
5. Kudligi 1. Ajjampura
1) Bellary District
6. Siruguppa 2. Kalasa
1. Kampli
9. Hagari Bommanahalli 3) Dakshina Kannada District
2. Kotturt
2) Bidar District 1. Moodbidri
3. Kurugodu
1. Bidar 2. Kadaba
2) Bidar District
2. Basavakalyan 3. Mulki
1. Chitaguppa
3. Bhalki 4. Ullala
7) Mysuru District 2. Hulasuru
4. Humnabad
1. Saragur 3. Kamalanagar
5. Aurad
3) Kalaburagi District 2. Saligrama 3) Kalaburagi District
1. Afzalpur 8). Kodagu district 1. Kalagi
2. Aland 1. ponnampete 2. Kamalapura
3. Chincholi 2. Kushalnagara 3. Shahabad
4. Chitapur 9) Udupi District 4. Yadravi
5. Kalaburagi 1. Baindur 4) Koppal District
6. Jevargi 2. Brahmavara 1. Kanakagiri
7. Sedam 3. Hebri 2. Karatagi
4) Koppal District 4. Kapu 3. Kukanuru
1. Gangawati 10) Hassan
5) Raichur District
2. Koppal 1. Shanthigrama
1. Maski
3. Kushtagi III. Belagavi Division
2. Siravara
4. Yelburga 1) Bagalkot District
6) Yadgir District
5) Raichur District 1. Guledgudda
1. Gurumitkal
1. Devadurga 2. Ilkal
2. Hunasagi
2. Lingsugur 3. Rabakavi - Banahatti
3. Vadagera
3. Manvi 4. Teradala
112
OOOO
Chapter II
HISTORY
G eographically, located on the southwestern
part of South India, Karnataka has abundant
natural and human resources. Karnataka, the land
(Kalaburagi district), at places like Hunsgi,
Baichal, Isampur, etc., have revealed the evidence
of habitation and activity sites of the Palaeolithic
of the Kannada speaking people, is an enchanting period. This represents the earliest phase of the
state endowed with an amazing variety of 3DODHROLWKLFFXOWXUHFDOOHG/RZHU3DODHROLWKLF(DUO\
topographic expressions, unique drainage patterns, Palaeolithic or Acheulian Culture. This phase is
verdant forests and rich wild life. The nature’s characterised by the use of chipped stone tools like
ERXQW\LVUHÁHFWHGLQLWVHYHQWIXOKLVWRU\FRORXUIXO hand axes, cleavers and choppers, made by using
lifestyles and pluralistic culture patterns of the a very primitive technique called the stone hammer
people characterized by social harmony, generosity technique. These tools are supposed to have been
and tolerance. Sequel to these are the rich aesthetic XVHGIRUKXQWLQJDQLPDOVFXWWLQJWKHÁHVKJUXEELQJ
FUHDWLYLW\UHÁHFWHGLQWKHÀHOGVRIDUFKLWHFWXUHDQG edible roots and perhaps in preparing wooden
sculpture, literature, music, dance and colourful ZHDSRQV OLNH VSHDUV DQG MDYHOLQV ,QWHUHVWLQJ ÀQGV
festivals. Karnataka is known for celebrating life from this phase are work area for preparing stone
LQ DOO LWV LQÀQLWH YDULHW\ (YHU\ KDPOHW DQG YLOODJH WRROVLQGLFDWHGE\JURXSVRIÀQLVKHGVWRQHWRROVDQG
every town and city, has its own calendar of events debitage and a series of boulders arranged in circles,
to be celebrated. Its contribution to religious and which are supposed to be part of wind shelters. The
VSLULWXDOUHDOPVLVHTXDOO\VLJQLÀFDQW later of these happens to be the earliest evidence
Despite its individuality in many respects, for the beginnings of architecture in the history of
Karnataka has considered itself as a part of the mankind. This Early Palaeolithic phase in this area
pan-Indian culture system. It has been the melting is supposed to go back to about one million years at
pot helping the achievement of synthesis of the the earliest.
teachings of many religious reformers; the Dvaita,
the Advaita, the Vishishtadvaita or the Veerashaiva
SKLORVRSKLHVÁRZHUHGRQWKHVRLORI.DUQDWDNDDQG
these teachings are being explored and studied by
scholars all over the world. Karnataka has a hoary
past. There are innumerable pre-historic remains,
inscriptions, memorial (viz. Hero, Mahasati and Self-
immolation) stones and monuments, indigenous
and foreign literary accounts illustrating the rich
historical and cultural heritage.
Pre-history and Beginnings of Civilization
Karnataka is one of the few areas in the world which
has an unbroken record of continuous hominid/ Pre Historic dolmens, Hire Benakal, Koppal District
human presence from the earliest times to the (DUO\ 3DODHROLWKLF WRROV KDYH EHHQ IRXQG
present day. It has all the phases representing the extensively in many sites on the banks of rivers
successive stages of man’s cultural development on Krishna, Tungabhadra, Bhima, Malaprabha and
this planet; the Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic, Ghataprabha. Hunasgi, Gulbal, Kaldevanahalli,
Chalcolithic, the Iron age and the Historical period. Tegginahalli, Nittur, Anagavadi, Khyad are some
The only shortfall is that so far no hominid/human of the important sites from the river valleys of
fossil remains of the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic North Karnataka. Another area which has yielded
stages have been found. similar tools of the pre-historic stage is Kibbanahalli
LQ 7XPDNXUX GLVWULFW ,VRODWHG ÀQGV KDYH EHHQ113
Palaeolithic Age: Recent excavations conducted
reported from almost all districts in Karnataka
in the Hunsgi Valley in the Shorapur region
except Kolar, Chamarajanagar, Kodagu, Udupi Mesolithic Age: The Mesolithic phase, succeeding
and Uttara Kannada GLVWULFWV(DUO\3DODHROLWKLFLV the Upper Palaeolithic, is characterised by the use
the longest period in the history of mankind. As it of very tiny stone tools called microliths. These
KARNATAKA
include tools of regular triangular, rectangular
HAND BOOK OF
was in Africa the early hominid ancestors like the
pithecanthropus / homoerectus stock could have and crescent shaped geometrical types as well
lived during this time in Karnataka also. The early as amorphous non-geometric types. Though
Palaeolithic culture appears to have continued till stone continued to be used for tool making,
about 60,000 B.C. much economy of labour and greater functional
HIÀFLHQF\ KDG EHHQ DFKLHYHG ,Q .DUQDWDND
The next phase of the Palaeolithic called this cultural phase is represented in almost all
the Middle Palaeolithic shows considerable areas of the state. Some of the most important
advancement in the tool making techniques. Now of which are Kibbenahalli, Jalahalli, Sanganakal,
WKHVWRQHWRROVZHUHPDGHPRVWO\RQÁDNHVWKXV Brahmagiri, Ingaleshvara, Hingoli, etc. Though
much smaller in size and lesser in weight compared no details other than the stone tools are available
WRWKH(DUO\3DODHROLWKLFWRROV7KHVHZHUHHDV\WR about this culture, as elsewhere, hunting and food
KDQGOH EXW PRUH HIÀFLHQW IRU XVH )ODNHV PDGH gathering was the mainstay for living and perhaps
into pointed tools like points and scrapers are ÀVKLQJ ZDV D UHJXODU RFFXSDWLRQ LQ WKLV SKDVH
the characteristics tools of this phase. The points In Karnataka the culture appears to have lasted
were used as spear tips and/or for grubbing roots. upto 3000 B.C. But in the succeeding period too,
The scrapers found in varieties were perhaps used microliths are found mixed in the Neolithic and
for working on wood, skins, etc. Tools of this type Chalcolithic levels.
have been found in hundreds of sites in Karnataka; Neolithic Age: The Neolithic phase representing
Maralbhavi, Salvadgi, Savalgi, Menasgi, Vajjal, a distinct advancement in human cultural
etc., in North Karnataka and Kibbanahalli and evolution, is marked by the arrival of a new food
Hemmige in southern Karnataka are important producing economy, through agriculture and
VLWHV(OVHZKHUHSDUWLFXODUO\LQ(XURSHDQG1RUWK domestication of animals (in contrast to the earlier
West Asia, it is the Neanderthal man who was food gathering economy). Instead of the previous
responsible for this type of culture. On analogy nomadism, people began to settle in villages.
it could be so in Karnataka too, but there is no This Neolithic phase is represented by many
GHÀQLWHHYLGHQFH$VLQRWKHUUHJLRQVLQWKHZRUOG sites throughout Karnataka. Some of them like
in Karnataka too this Middle Palaeolithic period Piklihal, Kodekal, Watgal, Sangankal, Brahmagiri,
may have lasted during 60,000-30,000 B.C. T.Narasipur, Hallur have been excavated and lot
of information have been gathered. In this phase
The next phase called the Upper Palaeolithic stone tools continued to be used, but now they
is represented in some sites in Karnataka like were mostly ground and polished. Most of the
Kovalli, Ingaleshvara, Yadwad and Maralbhavi stone tools are polished stone axes and adzes
in North Karnataka and Kibbanahalli in South used for cutting trees and working on wood and
Karnataka. This phase is characterized using tools rubbers for grinding corn and so on. Ragi was the
PDGHRIWKLQVWRQHVÁDNHVOLNHEODGHVDQGSRLQWV staple food.
No evidence of other aspects of the culture have
Green gram and horse gram too were cultivated.
been found here. On analogy again, from details
They domesticated cattle, sheep and goats. There
available from similar cultural phase elsewhere,
was regular use of pottery. It was handmade.
this phase marks the earliest appearance of
Cooking pots, cups, dishes, etc., were in use.
homo-sapiens, to which all present-day mankind
People were living in circular huts with mud or
belong. It is also associated with the beginnings of
wattle and daub walls and perhaps conical roofs.
Sculpture, Painting, Dance and Music, and decent In many places it is seen that the dead have been
disposal of the dead. These were the earliest buried inside the house itself. Children were
GLVSOD\LQJ WKH DSSHDUDQFH RI WKH ÀQHU HOHPHQWV buried in pots. Skeletal remains found in these
of human culture. As elsewhere, this culture early burials show that the people of this period
appears to have lasted from 40,000 to 10,000 B.C. belong to the same racial stock as the present-
)URPWKLVWLPHRQZDUGVQRKRPLQLGW\SHVRWKHU day population of Karnataka. Many aspects of
114 than the homo-sapiens are seen anywhere in the Neolithic culture have survived even to this day in
world. This must be true for Karnataka also. rural Karnataka.
Chalcolithic Culture: The succeeding period is swords, javelins, agricultural tools, bangles, beads
GLVWLQJXLVKHGE\WKHXVHRIFRSSHUWKHÀUVWPHWDO and ornaments, and food and beverages kept in
to have been used by mankind. But in Karnataka, earthen vessels. The pottery, mostly recovered
there appears to be not much extensive use of the from these burials, were of special type, wheel
metal, though its use was known. People continued made and partly black and partly red in colour,
the Neolithic way of life. Therefore, many scholars often described as black-and-red ware.
consider this a simple continuation of the Neolithic
It is still not possible to understand the exact
and call it as Neolithic-Chalcolithic, this phase
nature of this megalithic culture. Some consider
appears to have continued upto about 1,200 B.C.
The distinctive element seen in this phase is the that these people may have been fresh migrants
appearance of wheel-made and painted pottery. from elsewhere, still nomadic, but with their control
of iron technology established their dominance
Iron Age or the Megalithic Period: As the very over the earlier Neolithic-Chalcolithic inhabitants.
name suggests it is marked by the use of Iron, a Some feel that is just the case of adoption of new
metal which brought in a sea change in human cultural ways by the local people who had by
KLVWRU\ :LWK LURQ WHFKQRORJ\ PRUH HIÀFLHQW then control of iron technology. Anthropologists
tools were made and productivity increased in who have examined several skeletal remains
all spheres. Iron was used for making weapons from megaliths feel that the racial composition
too with which the control of this technology of these is not different from that of the present-
and possession of these weapons provided an day population. Iron appears to have come to use
edge over others deprived of these or who had in Karnataka around 1,200 B.C. The megalithic
QR FRQWURO RYHU WKHVH 3HUKDSV WKH ÀUVW UHJXODU culture appears to have lasted from about 1200
VWUDWLÀFDWLRQ RI KXman societies with haves and B.C. upto about 300 A.D., entering the Historical
have-nots started. Period too. However, with the regular use of iron,
$ SHFXOLDU IHDWXUH RI WKLV ,URQ DJH ÀQGV LQ Karnataka was on the threshold of civilization,
Karnataka is that not many Iron age habitation characterised by regular political, economic and
sites have been found but there are hundreds of social institutions.
burial sites. The dead during this period used to The Formative Period: The Early Historical
be buried in separate cemeteries away from the Phase
UHJXODUKDELWDWLRQ(YHU\ZKHUHWKHSUDFWLFHZDV The period between 4th century B.C. and 6th
to expose the dead body elsewhere and after a time century A.D can be described as the formative
only the skull and some long bones collected and period in the history and culture of Karnataka. In
buried ritually. The burials of this period are called the 4th century B.C. major portions of Karnataka
Megaliths, as these were usually surrounded by came under the suzerainty of the North Indian
a circle of boulders. There are varieties in this 0DJDGKDQ (PSLUH UXOHG E\ WKH 1DQGDV 7KH
burial architecture also. Some are simple pit changes that happened in the political, economic
burials, where the bones were buried in deep pits and cultural spheres with the rise of the Magadhan
covering it with mud and cairn, surrounded by the (PSLUH WKH ÀUVW HPSLUH LQ ,QGLD DOVR FDXVHG
stone circle. Another variety is cist burial. Cist is several changes in Karnataka during this period.
a small square or rectangular enclosure made by
XVLQJJUDQLWHVODEVIRUWKHEDVHIRUWKHÁRRUVLGH Thus the association of Karnataka with Nandas
walls and ceiling (cap stone) also. These skeletal and Mauryas of North India led to several
remains were kept inside these. Usually the cists developmental changes in Karnataka. Their rule
were provided with one with a circular hole in one marked by stability and peace, gave great impetus
of the side slabs (port hole cist), perhaps meant to to the development of trade and commerce in the
put offerings to the dead from time to time. Some ODQG)XUWKHURQLQWKHUHOLJLRXVIURQW%XGGKLVP
of these are more elaborate. The cists were placed Jainism and Hinduism which originated in North
below the surface with a passage leading to it. India spread to southern India also. Karnataka,
These are chamber tombs. All these were within which was inhabited by peasant and tribal
a stone circle and often covered with cairn. Along groups, began to enter a pan-Indian political,
with the skeletal remains many offerings were economic and cultural network. Karnataka saw
made to the dead, including iron weapons like the beginnings of the institution of the ‘Territorial 115
6WDWH· IRU WKH ÀUVW WLPH But inspite of these Mauryas
developments Nandas and Mauryas remained The earliest recorded history of Karnataka can be
as ‘outsiders’ as far as Karnataka is concerned, traced to 4th-3rd century B.C. when it became a part
KARNATAKA
because they ruled Karnataka from distant
HAND BOOK OF
RIWKHPLJKW\0DJDGKDQ(PSLUHUXOHGE\1DQGDV
capitals located elsewhere. Karnataka’s rule by of North Indian origin. Several puranas make
‘outsiders’ continued during 2nd century B.C to 2nd UHIHUHQFHVWRWKHVXSUHPDF\RI0DJDGKDQ(PSLUH
century A.D. when Satavahanas ruled Karnataka. both in the northern and southern parts of India.
Satavahanas along with their feudatories made Singiraja-purana, a Kannada work which belongs
ample use of the ports in coastal Karnataka in to C. 1500 A.D mentions about Nanda rule in
developing trade and commerce with neighbouring Karnataka, while describing Pattadakal. Some of
FRXQWULHV7KLV SDYHG ZD\ IRU ÁRXULVKLQJ WUDGH the inscriptions and literary works in Kannada and
activity in the region. During Satavahana period Sangam literature (Tamil) also refer to Nanda rule
also Buddhism, Jainism and Hinduism prevailed in Kuntala (Karnataka). Later, like other states
side by side and religious tolerance created even Karnataka came to be ruled by Mauryas
peaceful environment in the state. This probably who succeeded Nandas and this is evidenced by
led to the overall development of the region and several edicts of Ashoka and other archaeological
attainment of high level of economy and culture at UHPDLQVIRXQGLQ.DUQDWDND([LVWHQFHRI'ROHPQV
WKLVHDUO\SHULRGLWVHOI7KLVLVYHU\ZHOOUHÁHFWHG called ‘Morer-mane’ is said to indicate habitation
in the sculptural and architectural monuments of Mauryans in Karnataka. Recovery of thirteen
of this period at Sannati and Banavasi. After the Asokan edicts at Maski (Raichur district), Koppal
Satavahanas, Karnataka was ruled by the early (Koppal district), Sannati (Kalaburagi district),
Pallavas of Kanchi for a short period. Nittur and Udegolam (Ballari district), Siddapur,
It is after nearly six centuries of rule by outside Jatingarameshvara and Brahmagiri (Chitradurga
dynasties, Karnataka began to assert its identity district) point to Mauryan presence in the northern
and cultural consciousness. Later as a revolt parts of Karnataka. In fact edicts found in Maski,
against rulers from outside, native rulers like Nittur and Udegolam refer to Asoka by his name.
Kadambas of Banavasi and Gangas of Talakadu These edicts which are written in Brahmi script
established their Kingdoms in Karnataka for the and Prakrit language happen to be the earliest
ÀUVWWLPHLQWKHth century A.D. While Kadambas evidence of the spread of literacy in Karnataka.
ruled northern parts of Karnataka, Gangas They portray the king Ashoka as a man having
established themselves in the southern part ‘the piety of a monk with the wisdom of a king’. All
of the state. These two ruling dynasties not these edicts are specially addressed to the people
only expanded their territory through military in imploring them to adopt the dharma way of
conquests, but also strengthened themselves living, the bed rock of civilized life. Through his
with matrimonial relations with rulers of other edicts he sought to spread the message of right
kingdoms like Guptas and Pallavas. During living among all classes of people. Ashoka sent his
this period Vedic Hinduism was promoted to messengers to different parts of India and abroad
a great extent. While Jainism grew during this to spread message of Righteousness.
Kadamba-Ganga period, Buddhism declined.
As an ardent follower of Gautama Buddha,
Unlike Satavahanas and Mauryas, they promoted
Ashoka also tried to spread Buddhism with
Sanskrit instead of Prakrit. Also, around middle of
a missionary zeal. In fact, it is said that
the 5th century A.D Kannada language, the prime
%XGGKLVP HQWHUHG .DUQDWDND IRU WKH ÀUVW
HOHPHQW RI LWV UHJLRQDO LGHQWLW\ EHJDQ WR ÀQG
H[SUHVVLRQJHWWLQJHOHYDWHGWREHVWDWXVRIRIÀFLDO time only during Asoka’s time. Literary and
language. The oldest inscription of Karnataka i.e. inscriptional references make it very clear that
Halmidi inscription belongs to this period. A general Asoka made serious efforts to spread Buddhism
awareness about Kannada language developed, in Karnataka also. Sri Lankan Buddhist texts
which led to a more pronounced Kannada culture like the Mahavamsa and Dipavamsa refer to
among people of Karnataka. Since the period Asoka sending Buddhist teachers to spread
between 3rd century B.C to 6th century A.D. laid Buddhism in Kuntala (Karnataka). It is also said
the foundation for the development of Karnataka that Thera Rakkhita and Mahadeva were sent to
Vanavasi (Banavasi), Uttara Kannada district and
116 LGHQWLW\ WKLV SHULRG GHVHUYHV WR EH LGHQWLÀHG DV
the formative period in the history of Karnataka. Mahishamandala (Mysuru region) respectively to
propagate Buddhist philosophy and religion. It Mauryans continued to rule as Mandalikas till
seems that Banavasi and Mysuru served as major about 9th century A.D in Karnataka.
centres of Buddhist faith during this period.
S (Sh)atavahanas (C.30 B.C - 230 A.D)
While inscriptional and literary references The Shatavahanas ruled in between circa 30 B.C
pertaining to Asokan period point towards to 230 A.D. with Paithan (also called Pratishtana)
Mauryan rule in northern parts of Karnataka, in Maharashtra, has their capital. Their empire
the traditional account of Chandragupta Maurya covered extensive areas in Northern Karnataka
settling down in Chandragiri at Sravanabelagola and some scholars even argue that this dynasty
suggests Mauryan presence in the southern parts hailed from Karnataka, as in early times, the
of Karnataka also. According to the Jaina tradition, region of modern Dharwad and Ballari districts
anticipating a severe drought in North India for was called as Satavahanihara (or the satavahana
twelve years, Chandragupta moved towards UHJLRQ (YHQ VRPH 6KDWDYDKDQD UXOHUV KDG
South India along with a Jaina Guru named the epithet as ‘kings of Kuntala’. At Sannati in
Bhadrabahu and settled at Sravanabelagola. In Kalaburagi district, Vadgaon-Madhavapura near
accordance with the practice of the Jaina faith Belagavi, Hampi in Ballari district, Brahmagiri
Chandragupta undertook sallekhana (fasting in Chitradurga district and several other places,
unto death) in his last days. The Bhadrabahu remains of their period have found. Banavasi in
cave and the Chandragupta Basadi on the Uttara Kannada has an inscription of their queen
Chandragiri hill at Shravanabelagola remind us and at Vasana in Nargund taluk remains of a brick
of this incident. Several inscriptions belonging Temple of Shaiva order is noticed. Kanaganahalli
to Shravanabelagola region and literary works of near Sannati, has the ruins of Buddhist Stupas
later periods refer to this incident in their texts. of their times covered with richly ornamented
Harisena in his Brihatkathakosa refers to this VFXOSWXUHV RQ WKHP $PRQJ WKH ÀQGLQJV DW
incident. Though there is difference of opinion Sannati, images of Lord Buddha (in both sitting
about the identity of Chandragupta, nevertheless DQG VWDQGLQJ SRVWXUHV DUH VLJQLÀFDQW %HVLGHV
it points to Mauryan presence in the southern an inscribed image of Ashoka is also unearthed.
parts of Karnataka also. Moreover, the stone images of eight Satavahana
Information regarding political conditions rulers are also unearthed from this place. Above
in the state during this period is not very clear all, a merchant from Banavasi seems to have
because of lack of any detailed evidence. But built a cave during second century A.D. at
it seems Suvarnagiri or Kanakagiri (Maski, Ajanta in Maharashtra. Later, with the defeat
Raichur District) served as their regional of the Shatavahanas, Karnataka fell into the
capital which was governed by a kumara (a hands of the Pallavas of Kanchi. As a result,
SULQFH 2IÀFLDO RUGHUV ZHUH VHQW E\ KLP WR ,VLOD the Chutu Satakarnis, ruling from Banavasi
(Brahmagiri, Chitradurga District) through as the Shatavahana feudatories, also seem to
RIÀFHUV EHORQJLQJ WR YDULRXV FDGUHV 7KLV LV have accepted the overlordship of the Pallavas.
UHÁHFWHGLQWKHLQVFULSWLRQVRI%UDKPDJLULUHJLRQ However, the Pallava domination in Karnataka
Despite the lack of information,the fact that the region was terminated, with the rise of the two
people of Karnataka were able to absorb Buddhist indigenous dynasties, namely the Kadambas of
philosophy and religion which was propagated by Banavasi and the Gangas of Talakad, who divided
0DXU\DQ(PSHURUAshokaVLJQLÀHVWKDWSUREDEO\ Karnataka between themselves.
by this early period itself Karnataka must have Chutus and Maharathis
begun to attain a high level of culture. Chutus and Maharathis were not only
$IWHU $VKRND·V GHDWK 'HFFDQ ZDV WKH ÀUVW WR contemporaries of Satavahanas but also served
EUHDN DZD\ IURP WKH 0DXU\DQ (PSLUH >,W PD\ as their feudatories. Maharathis ruled over
be interesting to note that in Karnataka Mauryan parts of Chitradurga, Karwar and Banavasi
Kings continued to rule long after Mauryan rule area. Sadakana was their family name.
ended in North India. The Konkan region was )RXU JHQHUDWLRQV RI WKHVH UXOHUV VXFK DV
under their rule for a long period. Their rule in Sadakana Kalalaya Maharathi, Sadakana Kanha
North Karnataka continued till Pulukeshi II, a Maharathiputa, Sadakana Chutukana Maharathi
117
Chalukyan king, overthrew them. It is said that and an anonymous Maharathi seems to have
ruled in the state. The coins of these Maharathis of Shivamogga district. He had gone with his
have been found in places like Chandravalli, grandfather Veerasharma to the Ghatika of
Chitradurga, Banavasi, Aihole and other places. Kanchi for higher studies. Being subjected to
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
They resemble the coins of Satavahanas very some kind of humiliation at the Pallava capital
closely. These coins made of lead contain a Kanchi, Mayuravarma gave up his hereditary
humped Bull on the obverse along with the priestly vocation (but his Brahmin origin has been
name of the king written in Brahmi script and the questioned often by several researchers in recent
reverse showing a Chaitya, a tree in the railing times) and took to the life of a warrior and revolted
etc. against the Pallavas. This forced the Pallavas to
recognise him as a sovereign, when he crowned
Chutu is another family closely connected with
himself at Banavasi in Uttara Kannada district.
Satavahanas. They ruled during 3rd century A.D.
His Chandravalli inscription speaks about the
Two of their inscriptions are found at Malavalli
construction or repair of a tank at Chandravalli
(Shivamogga district) and Banavasi. Chutus
by Mayuravarma near Chitradurga. One of his
also served as feudatories of Satavahanas. The
successors, Kakustha Varman (C.435-55) was
geographical distribution of various settlements
such a powerful ruler that even the Vakatakas
of Satavahanas indicates that there was clearly
and the Guptas cultivated matrimonial relations
GHÀQHG 6DWDYDKDQD SKDVH RI UXOH LQ WKH KLVWRU\
with this family during his time. The great
of post-Mauryan Karnataka. They established
poet Kalidasa seems to have visited his court.
good trade relations with neighbouring countries
The earliest Kannada record found at Halmidi
by making ample use of harbours in coastal
(C.450 A.D.) in Belur Taluk, Hassan district,
Karnataka region. They also built many towns
is of this dynasty (now displayed in the State
and cities to facilitate business activities. Nigamas
Archaeology Museum, Bengaluru). However,
(trade guilds) were formed to support development
recent researches trace the antiquity of Kannada
of trade and commerce in the land. Many Roman
language to Ashoka’s period. The Sittanavasal
coins of Augustus, Tiberius, etc., found in hoards
LQVFULSWLRQIURP7DPLOQDGXRIÀUVWFHQWXU\$'
in different parts of Karnataka show that there
has few Kannada words in it. Some scholars
ZDVDÁRXULVKLQJWUDQVRFHDQLFWUDGHWRR6PRRWK
even argue in vain that the Jalagaradibba and
functioning of administration by local bodies with
Shravanabelagola inscriptions, as earlier than
more emphasis on moral values in the political
the Halmidi inscription. The Kadambas built
sphere, further helped in maintaining stability
VRPHÀQHWHPSOHVDQGWKH.DGDPED1DJDUDVW\OH
DQG HIÀFLHQF\ LQ DGPLQLVWUDWLRQ 7KLV UHVXOWHG
of stepped Shikharas, is their contribution. They
in reducing king’s responsibility only to the
DOVR JRW H[FDYDWHG WKH ÀUVW URFNFXW VKULQH RI
supervisor level. ‘Dharma’ ruled at all levels and
Vedic tradition at Aravalem (in Goa, which was,
even the king was not privileged to violate the
then under their control) in a laterite hill range.
rules laid down for the welfare of the people which
The tanks at Chandravalli and Gudnapur are
was pivotal to the framing of all rules. Thus,
among the many irrigation tanks built by them.
stability in administration and encouragement
They had ‘Lion’ as their royal insignia.
to trade and commerce extended by Satavahana
rulers led the state towards peace and prosperity. The Kadambas were over-thrown perhaps by
Satavahanas promoted Buddhism as is evidenced the Chalukyas of Badami in
by monuments such as stupas, viharas and C. 540 and at later stages,
others at places like Sannati and Banavasi. These two branches of Kadamba
VWUXFWXUHVDOVRUHÁHFWWKHHQFRXUDJHPHQWJLYHQWR family (one from Hanagal and
art and architecture during Satavahana period. the other from Goa) ruled
during medieval period, as
Kadambas of Banavasi (C.345 - 540 A.D)
subordinates of the Chalukyas
Mayuravarma, son of Bandhushena founded
of Kalyana. A branch of the
the Kadamba Dyanasty in C. 345 A.D. He
Kadambas was also ruling from
was a Brahmin student from the celebrated
Orissa as subordinates of the
Talagunda Agrahara (an Agrahara is a settlement
Halmidi Inscription, Gangas of Kalinga in medieval
118 of scholarly Brahmins, engaged in religious State Archaeology times.
and academic pursuits) in Shikaripur taluk Museum, Bengaluru
Alupas of Tulunadu (C. 2nd– 14th Cen. A.D) inscription of C. A.D. 675 tells us that Aluvarasa
Alupas were the earliest to rule over the southern had also the name Gunasagara. The Soraba
part of Coastal Karnataka. They called themselves inscription (A.D. 692) names him as ‘Gunasagara
as Soma-Vamsajas and possessors of Mina- Alupendra’. According to the Kigga inscription, his
lanchana. They ruled queen and son were Mahadevi and Chitravahana
the kingdom from C. respectively. Aluvarasa Gunasagara died around
2nd century to C.14th A.D. 680. His son Chitravahana succeeded him.
century A.D. They Yet another inscription from Kigga, assigned to
were the feudatories A.D. 675 mentions him as ruling over Pombuchha.
of all major dynasties He was a contemporary of both Vinayaditya and
of Karnataka his son Vijayaditya, the Chalukyan rulers. His
commencing from son Aluvarasa (II) succeeded Chitravahana I in c.
the Kadambas of A.D. 730 and ruled up to C. A.D. 765. His son
Banavasi to that of Chitravahana (II) succeeded Aluvarasa (II), in C.
the Hoysalas. Halmidi A.D. 765.
inscription provides Aluvarasa seems to have stationed Chitravahana
XVWKHQDPHRIWKHÀUVW in the Hombucha region and Ranasagara (the
Alupa King Pasupati. younger son) at Udiyavara, the original capital of
Talagunda inscription the Alupas. The undated Udiyavara Hero stone
mentions the name inscriptions speak of wars between the brothers.
of Kakustha-Bhatari, Despite mixed results, Chitravahana entered
probably the son and successfully the capital Udiyavara only to die
successor of Pasupati, with satisfaction in A.D. 800, leaving his son
Pillar inscription,
Talagunda, Shivamogga Dist. born to the Kadamba Svetavahana behind. However, the dynastic feuds
princess Lakshmi. continued between Svetavahana and Ranasagara.
Kakustha-Bhatari was probably the contemporary The latter died in a battle (C. A.D. 805) leaving his
of Santivarma (C.430-455 A.D.) the son son Prithuvisagara behind to carry on the feud.
and successor of Kadamba Kakusthavarma. Nevertheless, with the death of Svetavahana (A.D.
Kakustha-Bhatari might have lived for a few more 815) ended the dynastic feud. Prithuvisagara
years and contributed his might to the success of became the undisputed Alupa ruler and the
Mrigeshavarma (A.D.455-480). Probably his son people of the region had a sigh of relief with
was Alupa a contemporary of Shivamandhatri- peace. Thereafter Maramma, Vimaladitya, Alva
varma (A.D. 480-485) and Ravivarma (A.D. 485- Rananjaya and Datta-Alupa ruled in succession.
519), also mentioned in the Gudnapur inscription,
)URP .XQGDYDUPD EHJLQV WKH ODWHU SKDVH RI
datable to C. 501-502 A.D.
Alupa history. His Kadri (Mangaluru) inscription
Mahakuta pillar inscription of Chalukya (A.D. 968) tells us that he had to take back the
Mangalesha states that Kirtivarman I, son, and throne using force against Datta-Alupa. Perhaps,
successor of Pulakesin I defeated and brought Pandya Dhananjaya seems to have succeeded
under his control the Alupas along with several Kundavarma. Later, Bankideva Alupendra had to
other ruling families. The contents of the Maraturu ZLWQHVV D ÀHUFH &KROD LQYDVLRQ ,W ZDV KRZHYHU
charter (a village in Guntur district of Andhra repulsed successfully by Santara Ammana who
Pradesh) reveal not only about the Chalukya- established the de facto reign of Bankideva. The
Alupa relations but also about the political history Alupas brought up the Santaras from almost the
of the Alupas. Scholars opine that his son was 8th century A.D. as suborGLQDWHRIÀFHUV(DUOLHVW
called either Alupa-maharaja or Aluvarasa, whose reference to them is available in an inscription
son might have been Aluvarasa of Vaddarse and of 8th century A.D. from Udiyavara. There was
Kigga inscriptions, succeeded Aluka-maharaja. very good relations between the Alupas and the
6DQWDUDVIURPWKHYHU\EHJLQQLQJ)URPWKHWLPHRI
)URPWKHPLGGOHRIWKHth century onwards, the Alva-Rananjaya (C.A.D. 900-930), we come across
Alupa history gets a new phase. The Vaddarse the Alupas entering into matrimonial relationship
inscription (Udupi taluk) of A.D. 650, gives the with the Santaras which was found mutually 119
name of Aluvarasa. The Kigga (near Shringeri) EHQHÀFLDO 7KH 9DUDQJD LQVFULSWLRQ RI .XQGDQD
gives us the names of sovereign power. Many Ganga princes were not
Pattiyodeya, Pandya- only scholars and writers, but also great patrons
Pattiyodeya, Kavi- of scholarship. Later they continued to rule over
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
Alupa and Pattiyodeya Gangavadi (which comprised major parts of South
Kulashekhara as Karnataka and parts of Tamilnadu) until the close
Alupa rulers in of 10th century, as sub-ordinates of the Badami
sucession. Some of the Chalukyas and the Rashtrakutas. It is the Gangas,
early Alupa inscriptions who withstood the onslaught of the Pallavas
from Udiyavara also and the Cholas, who tried to subjugate South
inform us of the name Karnataka. Durvinita (C.529-579) was one of the
‘Pattiyodeya’. Scholars great kings of this dynasty. He, being a scholar
had taken this Patti to wrote in both Kannada and Sanskrit. The Sanskrit
mean ‘Pombuchchha’ Avalokeswara, Kadri, poet Bharavi appears to have lived in his court for
(Humcha). This place Dakshina Kannada Dist. some time. During his reign, the ancient Punnata
was also one of the capitals of the Alupas along Kingdom (the modern Heggadadevanakote taluk
with Udiyavara, Mangaluru and Barakuru. region) merged into his Kingdom. His great
Dr. Gururaja Bhat has introduced Bommadeva- grandson Bhuvikrama (C.654-79) was a strong
Alupendra (C.A.D.1156-1170) in between Kavi- ally of the Chalukyas, and at the Battle of Vilande
Alupa and Vira-Kulashekhara based on a nishidige (C.670) fought between the Chalukyas and the
inscription from Settara Basadi of Mudabidure. Pallavas, he helped the former to gain victory over
It belongs to A.D. 1285 and the king’s name Pallava Parameshwara Varman and snatching as
mentioned is Bammadeva-Alupendradeva, dated a war trophy, the Pallava ruler’s necklace called
in his 15th regnal year. It seems he was a nephew of ‘Ugrodaya’ for himself. Although, Mankunda in
9LUD3DQG\D)RUDVKRUWSHULRG6DQWDUD.XQGDQD Channapatna taluk, said to have been his royal
played the role of a caretaker ruler. Then for the residence for some time, sources are silent in this
next one hundred years, the kingdom witnessed regard.
the rule of Vallabhadeva-Dattalupa, Vira Pandya,
A later prince of this
queen Ballamahadevi, Nagadevarasa, Aliya-
family, Sripurusha (C.725-
Bankideva, and Soyideva. Later, as the Alupas
88) was not only a strong ally
suffered a defeat at the hands of Hoysala Vira-
of the Chalukyas, but also
Ballala III, Soyideva gave his sister Chikkayi-Tayi
resisted the Rashtrakutas
in marriage to Ballala III, which helped the Alupas
who tried to subdue him,
to survive. However, Ballala III started to rule
after the over-throw of the
the coast directly by placing his queen Chikkayi-
Chalukyas of Badami in
Tayi in charge of administration. However, the
753 A.D. Sripurusha, as
rise of Vijayanagara rule eclipsed both Hoysala
a Chalukyan ally killed
and Alupa powers. However, the Alupas survived
Pallava Nandi Varman II at
until the end of the 14th century sans political
Vilande in 731 and assumed
authority. The last known Alupa king was Vira-
the Pallava title Permanadi.
3DQG\DGHYD ,, >&$' @ 7KH\ EXLOW Veenadhara Shiva,
This great ruler also wrote Narasamangala
too many temples, patronized art and culture.
a Sanskrit work ‘Gajashasthra’, a treatise on
The metal icon of Avalokeshwara seen in the
taming of elephants. Later he shifted his capital
Manjunatha temple at Kadri near Mangaluru,
to Manne (Manyapura) in Nelamangala Taluk.
installed by Alupa Kundavarma in 968 A.D., has a
His son Shivamara II (788-816) and grandson
special place among the bronze images of South
Rachamalla I (816-53) continued to resist
India.
Rashtrakuta power. In the end, Rashtrakuta
Gangas of Talakad (C.350 - 1024 A.D.) Amoghavarsha Nrupatunga I (814-78) sought
The Gangas appears to have started their rule reconciliation with the Gangas by marrying his
in C. 350 from Kolar and later their capital seems daughters to the Ganga princes. At a later date,
to have shifted to Talakad (Mysuru district). when the Cholas became strong, the Ganga
(OHSKDQWZDVWKHLUUR\DOLQVLJQLD8QWLOWKHDGYHQW king Butuga II (938-61,) allied himself with the
120
of the Badami Chalukyas, they were almost a Rashtrakutas. He helped Rashtrakuta Krishna
Kolaramma Temple, Kolar Eswara Temple, Beguru near Bengaluru
III (939-67) to humiliate the Cholas by killing built powerful kingdoms in Karnataka and paved
the Chola Crown prince Rajaditya in the battle the path for prosperity politically and culturally.
held at Takkolam (949) as elucidated in Atkur Karnataka rulers till then ruled almost within
inscription. It is a unique memorial stone erected the borders of Karnataka, but with the advent
to commemorate the demise of Kali, a hound, of the above mentioned ruling dynasties having
ZKLOHÀJKWLQJDJDLQVWDZLOGERDUQRZGLVSOD\HG Badami, Malkhed, Kalyana and Dorasamudra
LQWKH%HQJDOXUX9LVYHVYDUD\D0XVHXP)LQDOO\ as their capitals began to control almost the
the Cholas subdued the Gangas in 1004, and whole of Dakshinapatha. They also expanded
thus the Ganga rule ended. Vishnuvardhana their territories periodically to Northern India
ultimately expelled the Cholas, who ruled major and Tamilnadu. The period marked by political
part of Gangavadi-96,000 with Talakadu as its power and economic prosperity also witnessed
provincial headquarters, from Gangavadi in 1114. GHYHORSPHQW LQ WKH ÀHOG RI OLWHUDWXUH DUW DQG
However, a Ganga branch ruled in Orissa from architecture.
496 A.D. and became celebrated in history as
Chalukyas of Badami (C. 540-757 A.D.)
WKH(DVWHUQRUWKHKalinga Gangas. Among their
The Chalukyas of Badami (also called Vatapi
feudatories, the Nolambas played a vital role in the
in inscriptions) brought the whole of Karnataka
regional politics in accordance with the political
under a single rule. They have become immortal
vicissitudes of the day. Gangas dotted the country
GXH WR WKHLU FRQWULEXWLRQV LQ WKH ÀHOG RI DUW DQG
with many tanks. Kolar, said to be the core region
architecture. Their monuments are concentrated
during their initial rule, and Mysuru district
at Badami, Nagaral, Aihole, B.N. Jalinal,
have many irrigational sources of their times.
Pattadakal, Old and new Mahakuta in Karnataka
Ganga Hero Stones found at Begur, Doddahundi,
and at Alampur, Gadwal, Satyavolal and
etc., and the masti stones found at Mankunda,
Bichavolu in Andhra Pradesh. They are both rock-
Settihalli etc. are worth mentioning. They built
cut and structural, with wonderful sculptures
ÀQHWHPSOHVDW.RODU7DODNDG%HJXU1DJDYDUD
wrought in hard red sandstone. Their Shiggaon
Gangavara, Nandi, Aretippur and Narasamangala.
copper plates, speak of 14 tanks in Haveri
7KH ODVW QDPHG KDV ZRQGHUIXO VWXFFR ÀJXUHV RI
GLVWULFW7KHÀUVWJUHDWSULQFHRIWKHG\QDVW\ZDV
remarkable beauty. They also built Jaina bastis
Polakeshi I (C. 540-66 A.D) who built the great
at Kambadahalli and Shravanabelagola. The tall
fort of Badami and performed Ashwamedha Yaga
Gommata monolith (10 ft.) at Aretippur near
KRUVHVDFULÀFH DVHOXFLGDWHGLQKLV%DGDPLFOLII
Koolagere in Maddur Taluk erected in 918 AD;
inscription of 543 AD (so far the earliest saka
and the other at Shravanabelgola, 58 ft. in height
dated (Saka 465) inscription of Karnataka) after
is the creation of their minister Chavundaraya in
subduing many rulers including the Kadambas.
& $' DUH RXWVWDQGLQJ ([FDYDWLRQV KHOG
His grandson, Polakeshi II (C.608-42 A.D.) builta
during the preceding decades at Talakad, have
vast empire, which extended from the Narmada
brought to light rich remnants of Ganga Period.
in the north, to the Cauvery, in the south. In
Age of Imperial Dynasties the east, he overthrew the Vishnukundins and
During this period Chalukyas of Badami, appointed his younger brother Vishnuvardhana,
121
Rashtrakutas, Chalukyas of Kalyani and Hoysalas as the Viceroy of Vengi. This prince founded
Vikramaditya I’s son Vinayaditya (681-96)
defeated the ruler of Kanauj, who claimed
to be the paramount lord of the North
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
(Sakalottarapathanatha). He even sent an
expedition to Cambodia. Vijayaditya (696-733)
succeeded him. The Arabs, who had conquered
Sindh (711) under the leadership of Mohamed
Khasim, tried to make inroads into the Deccan.
The Chalukya feudatory in South Gujarat called
Avanijashraya Polakeshin in 739 defeated
them. They left Sindh due to this defeat. The
&KDOXN\DQ (PSLUH LQFOXGHG QRW RQO\ WKH ZKROH
of Karnataka and Maharashtra, but also a
Rockcut Temples, Badami
greater part of Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and
Andhra, and also parts of Orissa and Tamilnadu.
Vikramaditya II (733-744) in the line defeated the
Pallavas and entered the Pallava capital Kanchi
victorious. However, he did not loot Kanchi, like
the Pallavas who had done at Badami in C.642.
Instead, after inspecting its Jewels and Treasures,
he redonated them to the Rajasimheshwara
temple of Kanchi, as elucidated in a Kannada
inscription found carved on one of the pillars of
the above said temple at Kanchi. His queens
Lokamahadevi and Trailokyamahadevi built
the Virupaksha and Mallikarjuna temples
Durga Temple, Aihole at Pattadakal to commemorate this victory.
WKH (DVWHUQ &KDOXN\D G\Qasty that ruled for However, the Chalukyan power weakened due to
ÀYH FHQWXULHV LQ $QGKUD D ODWHU SULQFH RI WKLV its frequent wars with the Pallavas and ultimately
Vengi line, Kulottunga, even succeeded to the dismembered during Kirtivarma II’s regime in
Chola throne in 1070). Polakeshin II, also 757 A.D.
defeated Harsha of Kanauj. The Chalukyan
Rashtrakutas of Malkhed (C.753-973 A.D.)
army popularly called ‘Karnatabala’ is described In 753, Dantidurga, a feudatory chieftain of
in contemporary inscriptions as invincible. Rashtrakuta origin over-threw the Chalukyan
He exchanged embassies with Persia and the king Kirthivarman II, and his family inherited
Chinese piligrim Hiuen Tsiang visited his court. the fortunes of the Chalukyas. He claims that
Ultimately, the Pallavas conquered Badami in c. he did this by defeating the ‘Karnatabala’ of the
642 A.D. after defeating Polakeshin II’s army. His Chalukyas, described as ‘invincible’ in those days.
Aihole inscription, a prashasti composed by his We owe the engraving of the celebrated monolithic
courtpoet Ravikirti in 634 A.D. not only eulogises .DLODVDWHPSOHDW(OORUD QRZLQ0DKDUDVKWUD WR
the political campaigns of Polakeshi II in glorious Dantidurga’s uncle, Krishna I (756-74). Krishna’s
terms but also refers to poet Kalidasa of early son, Dhruva (780-93) crossed the river Narmada,
times. Later his son Vikramaditya I (655-81) and after defeating the celebrated princes like
reconquered the Chalukyan capital, re-organized Vathsaraja of the Gurjara Prathihara family and
his father’s empire, and restored the fame of their Dharmapala, the Gouda King of Bengal, and
army ‘Karnatabala’ as ‘invincible’. The earliest extracted tribute from the ruler of Kanauj, ‘the
representative carving of a measuring rod of 18 seat of India’s Paramountcy’. His son Govinda
spans of his period found discovered on a rock III (793-814) also repeated the feat when he
(Kattebande) during 1987, at Kurugodu in defeated Nagabhata II, the Gurjara Prathihara,
Ballari Taluk, is a unique example. It is even now and Dharmapala of Bengal and again extracted
122 visible. tribute from the king of Kanauj. His ‘horses
drank the icy liquid bubbling in the Himalayas’ Vijayaditya II at Vinagavalli. He was a peace-
says a record, testifying to his victorious march loving monarch who used matrimony as one of
in the North. The achievements of the Chalukyas the weapons in diplomacy. Although he killed
of Badami and Rashatrakutas by defeating the as many as six contemporary political potentates
rulers of Kanauj have made the name of their era who created trouble for him, he did not conduct
the “Age of Imperial Kanauj”, a misnomer. Instead, Digvijayas like his father and grandfather. He
it is to be called as the “Age of the Imperial VXFFHHGHGLQPDLQWDLQLQJWKH(PSLUHLQWDFW
Karnataka” as many historians rightly points
Himself a scholar, Amoghavarsha patronized
out. Amoghavarsha Nrupatunga (814-78), the
scholarship, and great Jaina savants like
renowned son of Govinda III, had to face the threat
Veerasena, Jinasena, Gunabhadra, grammarian
RIWKH(DVWHUQ 9HQJL &KDOXN\DVZKRFKDOOHQJHG
Shaktayana and Mathematician Mahaveera
his very existence. However, he succeeded in
adorned his court. Adipurana and commentaries
subduing them after defeating Vengi Chalukya
on the Shatkhandagamas called as Dhavala,
Jayadhavala and Mahadhavala written in his
court were the great Jaina works of all India
importance. His court poet Srivijaya in C. 850
$' FRPSRVHG .DYLUDMDPDUJD WKH ÀUVW H[WDQW
Kannada work. His great grandson Indra III
(914-29) even captured Kanauj and held it under
his control for two years. One of his feudatories,
Arikesari of Vemulavada patronised Sanskrit
writer Somadeva (of Yashastilaka fame) and the
famous early Kannada poet Pampa. Rashtrakuta
Krishna III (936-67) subdued the Cholas in
the South and established a pillar of victory
Trai - Purusha Temple, Gadag
at Rameshwaram. In fact, the so-called ‘Age
of Imperial Kanauj’ in Indian history was the
Age of Imperial Karnataka, when the prowess
RI WKH .DQQDGLJD VSUHDG DOO RYHU ,QGLD (YHQ
Rajashekhara, the celebrated Sanskrit writer,
has called the Karnatas as great experts in the
technique of war. The Pala rulers of Bengal
employed soldiers from Karnataka. One such
Kannada warrior founded the Sena Dynasty of
Bengal and another warrior founded the Karnata
Dynasty of Mithila (modern Tirhath in Bihar).
The Rashtrakutas sponsored the engravings of
many Hindu rock-cut temples on the Buddhist
Relief Sculpture on a Pillar, Kadur (Now at Mysuru) PRGHOOLNHWKH'DVKDYDWDUD6KULQHDW(OORUDWKH
Jogeshwara near Bombay and the one at the
(OHSKDQWD ,VODQG 6RPH VFKRODUV DVFULEH WKH
last named to their Kalachuri feudatories). Arab
traveller Suleiman who visited India in 851 A.D,
WHOO XV WKDW WKH 5DVKWUDNXWD (PSLUH ZDV WKH
largest in India and he ranks it with the then
JUHDWHVW (PSLUHV RI WKH ZRUOG YL] WKH (DVWHUQ
5RPDQ WKH $UDE DQG WKH &KLQHVH (PSLUHV
The Rashtrakutas constructed many tanks and
their temples are found at places like Sirivala,
Sulepet, Gadikeshwar, Adaki, Sedam, Handarki,
Mogha, etc., in Kalaburagi district; Naragund,
123
Panchalingeshwara Temple, Kukanur Nidagundi, Naregal, Ron and Savadi in Gadag
district; Badami, Banashankari, Pattadakal etc. 1093. One of his commanders, Mahadeva built
in Bagalkot district; and at Hampi also. Some the Mahadeva temple at Itagi (Koppal district),
Rashtrakuta Hero Stones of exceptional size seen RQHRIWKHÀQHVW&KDOXN\DQPRQXPHQWHXORJLVHG
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
at Ron, Koujageri, Karmadi, Belvanaki, Gadag, in an inscription as “Devalaya Chakravarthy”
Betageri, etc., in Gadag district, needs a special (PSHURU DPRQJ 7HPSOHV +LV VRQ 6RPHVKZDUD
mention. The two dynasties viz., the Chalukyas III (1127-39) was a great scholar. He has compiled
of Badami and the Rashtrakutas popularised Manasollasa, a Sanskrit encyclopedia and
animal husbandry by donating cows in thousands Vikramankabhyudayam, a poem to which his
are available in good number. father is the hero. Manasollasa, a great work of
multi-dimensions, which depicts the cultural
Chalukyas of Kalyana (C.973-1189 A.D.)
conditions in South India, has sections on
The Chalukyas of Kalyana, who claim to be
administration, medicine, architecture, painting,
the scions of the Badami Chalukyas, over-threw
jewellery, cookery, dance, music, sports etc., It has
the Rashtrakutas in 973, and Taila II (Trailokya
100 sections discussing various aspects of human
0DOOD WKH ÀUVW UXOHU RI WKLV G\QDVW\ ZKR ODWHU
activity. The Kalachuris, who were the feudatories
defeated Uttama and Rajaraja I, the Chola rulers
of the Chalukyas, over-threw the Chalukyas
DQG FDSWXUHG .DO\DQD LQ %LMMDOD WKH ÀUVW
emperor of the dynasty, was the grandson of
Vikramaditya VI, through his motherside. He
had Basaveshwara, the celebrated Veerashaiva
religious leader, a rebel against Vedic tradition,
who was the illustrious son of Madarasa, the
head of Bagewadi Agrahara, as his treasurer.
However, the Chalukyas staged a comeback in
1184 under Someshwara IV. Ultimately, the
Hoysalas and the Sevunas of Devagiri encroached
upon the Chalukyan territory, after overthrowing
the Chalukyas divided the kingdom between
themselves. The representative carvings of
Kailasa Temple, Ellora, Maharashtra measuring rods used during this period are seen
on the temples at Dambala, Kodikop, Bhairapura
and even killed Paramara Munja of Dhara. His
and Shirasangi.
son Satyashraya (997-1008) patronised the great
Kannada poet Ranna. Someshwara I (1043- The Chalukyas were great builders, and
1068), Satyashraya’s grandnephew, succeeded in WKHLU EHDXWLIXO WHPSOHV DUH UHQRZQHG IRU ÀQH
resisting the efforts of the Cholas to subdue them, and intricate engravings. Their temples are
and made Kalyana as his new capital (modern found at many places like Itagi, Ron, Naregal,
Basava Kalyana in Bidar district). Someshwara I Gadag, Dambal, Lakkundi (Gadag District),
killed the Chola king Rajadhiraja, at Kuppam in Lakshmeshwara, Bankapur, Hangal, Haveri,
1054 A.D. His son Vikramaditya VI (1076-1127) Abbaluru, Hamsabhavi, Chikkerur in Haveri
who issued of more than 1000 inscriptions is the District; Balligavi (Shivamogga District),
king who started the Vikrama Saka Samvatsara Kuruvatti, Chaudadanapura (Ranebennur Taluk),
on his coronation; celebrated in history as the Unakal, Annigeri, Kundagol, Moraba, etc. in
patron of the great jurist Vijhnaneshwara, who Dharwar District; and at Nagavi, Adki, Yewur,
wrote Mithakshara, a standard work on Hindu Sedam, Kulageri, Kollur, Diggavi, Madiyala and
law. The emperor has been immortalised by Kalagi (in Kalaburagi Dt); Saundatti, Okkunda,
poet Bilhana (hailing from Kashmir) who choose Halsi, Belagavi etc. in Belagavi district; Badami,
his patron as the hero for his Sanskrit work, Pattadakal, Aihole, Mahakoota, etc. in Bagalkot
viz., ‘Vikramankadeva Charitam’. Vikramaditya district; Gabbur, Devadurga in Raichur district;
defeated the Paramaras of Central India thrice Koppal, Kukkanur, Itagi, Yelburga in Koppal
and even plundered their capital Dhara once. In District; Kurugodu, Hadagili, Hampi, Kogali,
the South, he captured Kanchi from the Cholas Bagali in Ballari District; and Kadlewada,
124
LQDQGLQWKH(DVWKHFRQTXHUHG9HQJLLQ Chattaraki, Teradal, Nimbala, Muttagi etc. in
Vijayapura district. They were great patrons of
Scholars and Sanskrit writers like Vadiraja, and
Kannada poets like Ranna, Durgasimha and
Nayasena lived in their times. The Veerashaiva
movement saw the advent of Vachana literature
in Kannada, initiated by Jedara Dasimayya
and Kembhavi Bhoganna. It grew during the
Kalachuri Interregnum when more than 770
Sharanas including Basava, Allama, Siddarama,
Channabasava, Akkamahadevi and others lived.
Veerashaivism preached equality of men, tried to
emancipate women and stressed the importance
of bread-labour concept by calling it as ‘Kayaka’, Kalleshwara Temple, Haveri
for worshipping God.
Sevunas of Devagiri (C 1173-1318 A.D.)
The Sevunas (Yadavas) who were the feudatories
of both the Rastrakutas and the Chalukyas of
Kalyana became a sovereign power from the
days of Bhillama V (1173-92) who founded the
new capital Devagiri (modern Daulathabad in
0DKDUDVKWUD (DUOLHUWKH\UXOHGIURP6LQGKLQHUD
(modern Sinnar) near Nashik. Bhillama V captured
Kalyana in 1186, and later clashed with Hoysala
Ballala II at Soraturu in 1190. Though he lost
the battle, he built a vast kingdom extending from Kashi Visveshwara Temple, Lakkundi
the river Narmada to Krishna. His son Jaitugi
(1192-99) not only defeated Paramara Subhata
Varman, but also killed Rudra and Mahadeva, the
Kakatiya kings of Warangal. Singhana II (1199-
1247), the greatest of the Sevunas, extended
the Sevuna kingdom upto the Tungabhadra.
However, the Sevunas were defeated by the army
RI'HOKL6XOWDQLQ DJDLQLQDQGÀQDOO\
in 1318, and thus the kingdom was wiped out.
Their feudatory, Kumara Rama and his father
.DPSLODUD\DRI.DPSLOLDOVRGLHGÀJKWLQJDJDLQVW
the Muslims in C. 1327 A.D. The Sevunas have
become immortal in history by the writings of
Kaitabeshwara Temple, Kubatur
the famous mathematician Bhaskaracharya, the
great writer on music Sharngadeva, and of the
celebrated scholar Hemadri.
The Sevunas and the Hoysalas drained their
energy in mutual warfare. As a result, the armies
of the Delhi Sultans could easily subdue the
south. Sharngadeva’s work, Sangita Ratnakara,
is the base for the growth of classical music
and Vidyaranya during the 14th century wrote
‘Sangitasara’ based on Sangita Ratnakara. The
6HYXQDV EXLOW ÀQH WHPSOHV FDOOHG +HPDGSDQWKL
structures, found all over Maharashtra. The
Virabhadra temple at Yedur in Belagavi district is
one of their structures. They built and renovated 125
Chaturlinga Temple, Unakal, Near Hubballi
many temples in North Karnataka.
Hoysalas of Dwarasamudra (C.1052-1342 A.D.) it was his commanders Harihara and Bukka,
The Hoysalas continued the great tradition who founded the Vijayanagara Kindgom, which
of their art-loving overlords, viz., the Kalyana ODWHU JUHZ WR EH DQ (PSLUH +R\VDOD DJH VDZ
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
&KDOXN\DV7KHÀQHVWWHPSOHVEXLOWE\WKHPDUH great Kannada poets like Rudrabhatta, Janna,
seen at Beluru, Halebidu, and Somanathapura. Kereya Padmarasa, Harihara and Raghavanka.
7KH ÀUVW JUHDW UXOHU RI WKH G\QDVW\ Hoysala temples at Beluru, Halebidu, Maddur,
Vishnuvardhana (C.1108-1152) freed Gangavadi Somanathapur, Marehalli, Tonnur, Kikkeri,
from the Cholas (who had held it since 1004), in Bhadravathi, Banawara, Basaral, Arasikere,
1114 A.D. and in commemoration of his victory, Aralaguppe, Talakad, Amritapura, Hosaholalu,
built the celebrated Keertinarayana temple at Melkote, Sunka Tonnur, Nagamangala, Kaidala,
Talakad and the Vijayanarayana (Chennakeshava) Kurudumale, Sindhaghatta, Hosa budanur,
Temple at Belur. Ramanujacharya, who stayed at Santhe-bachahalli, Varahanatha Kallhalli,
Saligrama, Tonnur, and Melkote in Karnataka Koravangala, Aghalaya, Shravanabelagola,
for long, visited his kingdom. Vishnuvardhana Javagal, Kaivara, Kaidala, Machalaghatta,
patronised the saint and believed to have earlier Aghalaya, Belluru, Nagamangala, Govindanahalli,
LQÁXHQFHG E\ 6ULYDLVKQDYD &KROD RIÀFHUV LQ Nuggehalli, Tenginaghatta, Turuvekere, Mosale,
*DQJDYDGL $V KH ZDQWHG WR EH DQ (PSHURU E\ Javagal, etc., are wonderful works of art. The
challenging his overlords, the Kalyana Chalukyas representative carving of land measuring rods
expediency forced him to perform certain Vedic used during this period is found on the temples at
rituals like Agnishtoma and Hiranyagarbha places like, Amritapura, Mugur and Bhairapura.
VDFULÀFHV \DMQ\DV -DLQLVP GLG QRW VDQFWLRQ
The Golden Age of Karnataka: Vijayanagara
such performances. However, he continued to
The outlook on the Deccan and the South
patronise Jainism, as many of his commanders
was dark, when the kingdom of Warrangal was
and his accomplished queen Shantala were
threatened with extinction by Muhammadan
Jains. His commander Ketamalla built the
invasion, and Kalinga was already engulfed.
famous Hoysaleshwara (Vishnuvardhana) temple
According to Amir Khusru, Mubarak ascended the
at Halebidu. The Agraharas in Karnataka that
throne of Delhi in April 1316, started against the
were numerous by then had created such a
'HFFDQLQ$'DQGNLQJ+DUDSDODZDVÁD\HG
healthy intellectual atmosphere that Ramanuja,
alive. Devagiri which became a Muslim province.
the great preacher of Srivaishnavism from
Prataparudra of Warrangal surrendered. The
Tamilnadu could get a hearing to his teachings
rivalries between the kingdoms of the South
from the intellectuals in Karnataka. Though
Vishnuvardhana did not fully succeed in his
efforts to over-throw the Chalukyan yoke; his
grandson Ballala II (1173-1220) not only became
free, but even defeated Sevuna Bhillama V at
Soraturu in 1190, after having defeated Chalukya
Someshwara IV in 1187.
When the Pandyas in Tamilnadu attacked
the Cholas, Ballala II took this opportunity in
driving the Pandyas back and thus assumed the
WLWOH ´(VWDEOLVKHU RI WKH &KROD .LQJGRPµ /DWHU
in the days of his son Narasimha II (1220-35),
Hoysalas even secured a foothold in Tamilnadu
Nageshwara and Channakeshava Temples,
and Kuppam near Srirangam became a second Mosale, Hassan District
capital of the Hoysalas. Consequently, the and particularly between the Yadavas and the
empire was divided among his two sons and the Hoysalas had made it easy for the Muslims
collateral branch continued for over six decades. to extend their power to the south, and the
Ballala III (1291-1343), the last great Hoysala, invasions were undertaken in the beginning with
had to struggle hard to hold his own against the the object of plunder, but extension of dominion
invasions of the Delhi Sultans. He died while became the avowed objective of Muslim policy
126 ÀJKWLQJ DJDLQVW WKH 6XOWDQ RI 0DGKXUDL. Later,
after Mohammad-bin-Tughlaq. As a result of the
general political confusion, Deccan had become present on the occasion.
DQ DWWUDFWLYH ÀHOG IRU WKH HVWDEOLVKPHQW RI SHWW\
Harihara (1336-56) of the Sangama dynasty
sovereign principalities by Muslim adventurers
(1336-1485) founded the kingdom in about
who by their fanatical zeal and excessive
1336 and secured control over northern parts
intolerance of other religions and cruelty towards
of Karnataka and Andhra from coast to coast.
all, had made themselves an object of inveterate
After the death of Ballala III (1343) and his son
hatred. If only the Hoysalas had retained their
Virupaksha Ballala in 1346, the whole of the
former vigour, they might have stood against
Hoysala dominion came under his control.
the Muslim invaders and stemmed the tide of
The above grant noted at Shringeri with the
advance as the great Rashtrakuta emperors had
Hoysala queen, Chikkayitayi and the kingdom
done in repelling Arab incursions into Gujarat
glorifying Kumara Rama, demonstrates its
in the early period of the 8th century. Hoysala
efforts as successors of these potentates that
power had become weak. The Muslim advance
had perished. His brother Bukka (1356-77)
could be checked, and Hindu culture saved from
succeeded in destroying the Madhurai Sultanate:
EHLQJ RYHUZKHOPHG DQG ÀVVLSDURXV WHQGHQFLHV
He even sent an embassy to China. It is this
deterred, only when the spiritual impulse of
prince who commissioned for the compilation of
unity and common patriotism for the defence of
the monumental commentary on the Vedas, viz.,
UHOLJLRQ ZDV RI VXIÀFLHQW YLWDOLW\ WR HQHUJLVH WKH
Vedarthaprakasha by engaging several thinkers
Hindus to a life of righteousness, and indignant
to work under the celebrated scholars Sayana
enthusiasm and concerted political action to
and Madhava. The work was completed in the
ache for the spiritual poverty of political aims, in
days of his son Harihara II (1377-1404). Harihara
order to restore it to its lost ascendency.
II extended his domination in Konkan, beyond
Vijayanagara Empire (C.1336-1646 A.D.) *RD XSWR &KDXO ,Q WKH (DVW KH FRQTXHUHG
When the armies of the Delhi Sultanate 3DQJDOWRWKHQRUWKRIWKH.ULVKQD(IIRUWVPDGH
destroyed the four great Kingdoms of the South E\)LUX]VKDK%DKPDQLWRFRQTXHUWKLVIRUWZHUH
viz., the Sevunas of Devagiri, Kakatiyas of foiled by Devaraya II (1424-49), the greatest of
Warangal, Hoysalas of Dwarasamudra and the the Sangamas, who defeated the Bahamanis
Pandyas of Madhurai, it looked as if a political when he was the crown prince, and this resulted
power following a religion quite alien to the in the shifting of the Bahamani capital to the
South was going to dominate the peninsula. North i.e. Bidar in C. 1426. He defeated the
Many princes including Kumara Rama, the Gajapatis of Orissa twice and foiled the efforts
brave and heroic son of Kampilaraya, a Seuna of the Bahamanis to wrest Mudgal. One of his
feudatory from Kampli in Ballari district, commanders even invaded Ceylon and extracted
perished while resisting the Muslim onslaughts. tribute, and the princes of Pegu and Tenesserim
The people were bewildered over the attack on in Burma owed him allegiance. He highly
their religious places and the barbaric crudities patronized the Veerashaivas. The Hazara Rama
perpetrated on the vanquished cities by these Temple at Hampi is his creation. Abdul Razak,
invaders from the North. Poems and ballads on the Persian traveller who visited his court, says
Kumara Rama illustrate this bewilderment. When of the capital, “nothing in the world could equal
the Sangama brothers’ viz. Harihara, Bukka, it.” Himself a scholar, Devaraya II patronized
Kampana, Muddappa and Marappa, founded the Gunda Dindima, a Sanskrit poet and Shrinatha, a
Vijayanagara Kingdom, people whole-heartedly Telugu poet. The Hampi inscription of Devaraya
supported them. Tradition says that sage II of 1420 A.D, extols the good qualities of his
Vidyaranya had even caused a shower of gold famous commander Lakshmidhara poetically in
WR ÀQDQFH WKH 6DQJDPD EURWKHUV 3HUKDSV WKH glorious terms. The weak and vicious kings who
VDJH VXFFHHGHG LQ VHFXULQJ ÀQDQFLDO KHOS IURP followed Devaraya II in the Sangama dynasty
various quarters to the founders of Vijayanagara. would have caused the dismemberment of the
To Vidyaranya’s guru Bharatiteertha, Harihara empire, had not Saluva Narasimha, an able
and his brothers made some grants at Sringeri in commander assumed power (1485). It paved way
1346. This grant had a supplementary donation for the rule of Saluva dynasty (1485-1505) for a
short while. It was during this period Portuguese
on the same day by Hoysala Queen Chikkayi 127
navigator Vasco-da-Gama landed on the western
Tayi an Alupa queen, who appears to have been
coast at Calicut in 1498 and thus opened a new UXOHUVLQ7KH\KDGDÁRXULVKLQJWUDGHZLWK
vista for foreign rule. Later, there was a second Vijayanagara, and to whom they supplied Arab
usurpation, under the leadership of Tuluva Vira horses on priority.
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
Narasimha.
Portuguese rule in Goa had far-reaching effects.
The Tuluva Krishnadevaraya (1509-1529) a 7KH\ LQWURGXFHG QHZ ÁRUDV OLNH JURXQGQXW
great warrior, scholar and administrator of chilly, tobacco etc., besides bringing printing
technology from the New World. Mangaluru and
Barakuru were the most important provinces in
Coastal area during Vijayanagara times and the
governors appointed by the Vijayanagara rulers
from time to time administered them. During the
rule of Sadashiva Raya (1543-70), the four Shahi
6XOWDQV DWWDFNHG WKH (PSLUH DQG DIWHU NLOOLQJ
Aravidu Ramaraya (1542-65), the Vijayanagar
minister and Krishnadevaraya’s son-in-law, at
Rakkasa Tangadi (Rakkasagi-Tangadagi) in 1565,
destroyed the capital city Vijayanagara. Later, his
brothers Thirumalaraya and Venkatapatiraya
Hazararama Temple, Hampi VKLIWHG WKH FDSLWDO ÀUVW WR 3HQXJRQGD DQG ODWHU
Tuluva dynasty (1509-1570), succeeded him. Chandragiri and Vellore became the subsequent
He secured Raichur doab, in 1512, and later capitals of late Vijayanagara rulers. The Tuluva
marched victorious into the capitals of his dynasty was overthrown by the Aravidu dynasty
enemies like Bidar (1512) Vijayapura (1523) and (1570-1646). Srirangaraya III, its last ruler was
LQ WKH (DVW &XWWDFN WKH FDSLWDO RI WKH given shelter by Keladi rulers until his demise
Gajapatis. Being a great devotee of Tirumalai
Venkatesha, he visited Tirupati frequently (seven
times) and made lavish grants to Lord Venkatesha.
As a token, the bronze statues of Raya and his
two queens are seen even today at Tirumalai.
One more example of this type is also available at
Kanchipuram. “A great ruler and a man of great
justice” (in the words of Portuguese visitor Paes)
Krishnadevaraya was a man of letters and a great
patron of scholars. He himself wrote a Telugu work
Amuktamalyada. He had eight great poets, called
ashtadiggajas in his court, and among them was
Allasani Peddana. Raya built the Krishnaswamy
Temple in the capital. It was during his time that
the Portuguese conquered Goa from Vijayapura Stone Chariot, Vitthala Temple Complex, Hampi
in 1670. During the Vijayanagara regime, local
rulers like the Ajala, Chauta, Banga, Mula, Hegde,
Ballala, Domba and other small principalities
ruled almost independently in the coastal region
of Karnataka. Venur, Moodabidre, and Karkala
prospered as important Jaina Centres during
this period. Vijayanagara rulers patronized
all religions. The Portuguese traveler Barbosa
WHVWLÀHVWRWKLVFDWKROLFRXWORRNRIWKHHPSHURUV
(YHU\H[LVWLQJWHPSOHZDVSURYLGHGZLWKDVWURQJ
enclosure, a lofty tower at the entrance and
vast mantapas. Literary activity in all South
128
Mahanavami Dibba, Hampi
Indian languages was encouraged. The empire
took upon itself the responsibility of conserving in general and the capital city Vijayanagara, in
Indian traditions in philosophy, religion, science, particular.
literature, and culture. Vijayanagara played a
Vijayanagara Contempories
greater role in conserving local religion and cultural
Bahamani Kingdom (C.1347-1520 A.D.)
traditions. In addition to the commentaries on
The Bahmani Sultans have a covet place for the
the Vedas, Sayana compiled many works like
JUHDWFRQWULEXWLRQWKH\PDGHWRWKHÀHOGRI,QGR
Yajnyatantra Sudhanidhi, Ayurveda Sudhanidhi,
6DUDFHQLFDUWLQWKH6RXWK)RXQGHGE\$OOD8G
Purushartha Sudhanidhi, Subhashita
Sudhanidhi and Alankara Sudhanidhi to
conserve Indian tradition. Madhava (Vidyaranya)
wrote ‘Sarvadarshana Sangraha’ by introducing
all religions of Indian origin. His ‘parashara
madhaviya’ is a commentary on ‘parashara
smriti’, a work on Hindu life and law; and
Parashara Madhaviya has clearly stated that the
Sati (suicide by a widow) is “kalivarjya”, to be a
JLYHQXSWRWDOO\LQ.DOL\XJD7KH(PSHURUVQRWRQO\
EXLOW ÀQH WHPSOHV RI DOO GHQRPLQDWLRQV 6KDLYD
Vaishnava, Srivaishnava, Jaina etc.,) but also
renovated many temples destroyed prior to their
rule. All existing temples were enlarged by adding Jamia Masjid, Kalaburagi
huge prakaras (enclosures) and tall impressive
Din Hasan at Kalaburagi in 1347, the Bahmani
entrance towers called as rayagopuras found not Kingdom clashed with Vijayanagara all through
only at Hampi but also at Srishailam, Kalahasti, its history. Muhammed Bahaman Shah built the
Tirupathi, Srirangam, Chidambaram, Kanchi famous Jamia Masjid at Kalaburagi fort in 1367.
etc., in Andhra and Tamilnadu. In addition, It is a huge monument of enduring beauty. They
they also provided the existing temples with vast introduced domes, vaultings, and arches made of
and impressive Kalyana Mantapas and Sabha mortar in building the monuments in Karnataka.
Mantapas, which were open pillared pavilions. )LUX] 6KDK ZDV D JUHDW 6XOWDQ LQ
(DFKPDQWDSDKDGVFRUHVRIWDOOPRQROLWKLFSLOODUV the line. He extended the kingdom in the east
which were solid pieces of art. These public works by capturing Rajamahendri from the Reddis.
provided jobs to thousands. Their temples seen He took pleasure in the society of learned men
at places like Hampi, Haravu, Belluru, Kikkeri, and patronized Surhindi, a scholar, and Hassan
Ambaligere, Holalkere, Shringeri, Kurugodu, Gilani, an astronomer. He erected the observatory
Bagali, Khandya, Kalasa etc. in Karnataka at Daulatabad. Ahmed Bahaman Shah (1422-
are noteworthy. Besides, they have also built WKH VXFFHVVRU RI )LUX] VKLIWHG KLV FDSLWDO WR
innumerable temples in the neighbouring states %LGDUZKHUHÀQHSDODFHVZHUHEXLOWLQFRXUVHRI
of Tamilnadu and Andhrapradesh. Sanskrit, WLPH 7KH 6ROKD .DPE 0RVTXH LV D ÀQH FUHDWLRQ
.DQQDGD 7DPLO DQG 7HOXJX OLWHUDWXUH ÁRXULVKHG RI KLV WLPH +H ZDV KLJKO\ GHYRWHG WR 6XÀ 6DLQW
during this time. The Veerashaiva religion Bande Nawaz. The prince himself was called ‘Vali’
saw a renaissance. Karnataka Music came to (saint) and his tomb at Ashtur near Bidar is highly
blossom by the works of Vidyaranya, Kallinatha, venerated. Another great personality in Bahmani
Ramanamatya, Purandaradasa and Kanakadasa. KLVWRU\LV0DKDPXG*DZDQDFOHYHUDQGHIÀFLHQW
Purandaradasa did a lot to popularise it by minister who was born in Persia (1411). On his
framing primary compositions to teach this music visit to Bidar (1445) he was given an important
and saint Tyagaraja has rightly called him “the position in the Bahamani court. Later, he became
IDWKHU RI .DUQDWDND 0XVLFµ )RUHLJQ PHUFKDQWV the chief administrator of the kingdom from
and travellers like Nicolo Conti (1420), Abdul 1461 until his death in 1481. He administered
Razak (1443), Barbosa (1500-11), Paes (1520), the territory during the minority of two Sultans,
1XQL] DQG &DHVDU )UHGULFN ZKR and extended it in the South upto Hubballi, in
YLVLWHG WKH (PSLUH JLYH D YLYLG DFFRXQW RQ WKH the West upto Goa and the Konkan Coast, and
129
ÁRXULVKLQJFRQGLWLRQWKDWSUHYDLOHGLQWKHHPSLUH LQWKH(DVWXSWR.RQGDYLGXDQG5DMDPDKHQGUL$
scholar and writer himself, he founded a college at raised the wonderfully designed Jamia Mosque at
Bidar and provided it with a library from his own Vijayapura. Ibrahim II (1580-1626), Ali’s nephew
personal income. is another greatest king of Adilshahi dynasty. He
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
captured and merged the Baridshahi Kingdom of
Bidar in 1619. He was a tolerant ruler and was
nicknamed ‘Jagadguru’. He built the temple of
Narasimha Saraswati (Dattatreya) within the
citadel of his fort. As a great lover of Hindu music,
he had 300 singers in his court. It is Muhammad
Adil Shah, (1626-56) who extended the kingdom
in the south upto Bengaluru and in the South-
east upto Vellore. As a result, Bengaluru and
the surrounding regions were granted as jahgir
to Shahji Bhosle, Shivaji’s father. The Marathas
retained Bengaluru until 1686. Muhammad Adil
6KDK KDV EXLOW WKH PDJQLÀFLHQW *RO *XPED] DW
Tombs of Barid Shahis, Bidar
Vijayapura. He was succeded by Ali II (1656-72)
and during Sikhandar Adil Shah (1672-86), the
The forts built at Kalaburagi
last Adil Shahi ruler; Aurangzeb annexed the
and Bidar of the period
Adilshahi Kingdom in 1686. The tombs of Barid
needs a special mention. The
Shahi Princes at Ashturu and the Jamia Masjid
college building (Madrasa)
at Vijayapura are noteworthy. Adilshahi buildings
QRZLQUXLQVZDVRQFHDÀQH
at Vijayapura like Asar Mahal and Ibrahim Rauza
structure. Gawan fell a victim
have paintings. Ragmala paintings and personal
to court intrigues. He was
portraits of members of the royal family including
killed on the orders of Sultan
Chand Bibi are preserved in the Vijayapura
Muhammad, whom Gawan
had educated and brought
Inner View, Jamia up. With him vanished the
Masjid, Vijayapura glory of the Kingdom, and
VRRQLWEURNHXSLQWRÀYH6KDKL.LQJGRPVRIWKH
'HFFDQ 7KH ÀQH ,QGR6DUDFHQLF EXLOGLQJV OLNH
the Bande Nawaz Dargah, Jamia Masjid, Sath
Gumbaz, etc., at Kalaburagi, Gawan’s Madarasa
at Bidar and his dome at Ashtur etc., are the
important contributions of this Sultanate.
Adilshahis of Vijayapura (1489-1686 A.D.)
7KH $GLOVKDKLV RI 9LMD\DSXUD RQH RI WKH ÀYH
Shahi Kingdoms that rose on the ruins of the
Asar Mahal, Vijayapura
Bahamani Kingdom, ruled over the greater part
of Karnataka. Yusuf Adil Khan, a commander
and governor under the Bahamanis, founded it
in 1489. The Adilshahis were great patrons of art
and men of letters. Varthema, the Italian Visitor,
has called Yusuf “a powerful and prosperous
king”. The Shah of Iran recognised Ismail (1510-
35) Adil Shah as a ruler and had even sent an
embassy to Vijayapura. Ismail’s grandson, Ali
(1557-80) was in friendly terms with Ramaraya
of Vijayanagara, who had adopted Ali as his
son. However, other Shahi Sultans forced Ali to
130 join the confederacy against the Vijayanagara
(PSLUH ZKRVH DUP\ ZDV GHIHDWHG LQ +H Rameshwara Temple, Keladi
Museum. Some of the Vijayapura rulers were attacks on Bijapur by Mughals, Adil Shahi rule
Shiahs and celebration of Muharram by installing also came to an end. After this, taking advantage
tabuts became common in Karnataka. A form of RI WKH SROLWLFDO XQFHUWDLQW\ VRPH RI WKH RIÀFHUV
Urdu called Deccani Hindi also developed in their of this region took hold of small pockets like
court. In the meantime, Mughals extended their palegars of southern Karnataka and established
territory to the South. They conquered Bengaluru themselves as rulers of these regions. During this
in 1686. Chikkadevaraya of Mysuru obtained it period Maratha’s and Asaf Jahis of neighbouring
by paying a huge amount to Mughals. They made states also extended their territory into these
Sira in Karnataka and Arcot in Tamilnadu as their regions. These two powerful rulers of the Deccan
important administrative centres. Sira has some were more interested in acquisition of wealth of
ÀQH 0XJKXO EXLOGLQJV 7KH 1DZDEV RI 6DYDQXU the land than in the welfare of these regions. Local
Sira and Advani administered the Kannada RIÀFHUV unscrupulously joined hands with them
territories under the Mughuls, and the Nizam because of which Karnataka suffered heavily in all
of Golkanda, another feudatory of the Mughals, respects during this period.
administered some Kannada districts. Keladi Kingdom
The Age of Disintegration The Keladi Nayakas, who were the feudatories
The decline of the powerful Vijayanagar of Vijayanagara, became practically free in the
empire in the Deccan led to deterioration and days of Venkatappa Nayaka I (1586-1629), who
merged the coastal territories like Gersoppa into
disintegration of political situation in the state of
his kingdom. Shivappa Nayaka (1645-60), a great
Karnataka. The period is marked by chaos and
soldier and diplomat ousted the Portuguese,
uncertainity. Though Vijayanagar rule continued
of their possessions on the West Coast, namely
for two more centuries after this it was devoid of
Mangaluru, Honnavar and Basrur. He reformed
WKH SRZHU DQG LQÁXHQFH RI WKH HDUOLHU SHULRGV
the land revenue system, and it is renowned
The southern Karnataka region broke into small
as ‘Sisthu’. He helped reclamation of land on a
pockets ruled by minor palegars. These palegars
large scale. Keladi enjoyed a rich overseas trade,
though accepted the suzerainty of Vijayanagar,
especially in spices, textiles and rice. Their capitals
preferred to rule independently. The dynastic
viz., Keladi, Ikkeri and Nagara are in Shivamogga
supremacy of Vijayanagar suffered a setback
district. His daughter-in-law, Chennamma (1571-
during this period. The individual ability and
97) is renowned for her valour, as she gave
power of the king became more important to
shelter to Maratha prince Chatrapati Rajaram
survive in the deteriorating conditions of the
(son of Shivaji) and braved Auranzeb’s army.
state. Though these UXOHUV UHÁHFWHG 9LMD\DQDJDU
Her successor Basavappa (1697-1714) wrote
LQÁXHQFH on them, neither the dignity nor the
VKLYDWDWYDUDWQDNDUD D 6DQVNULW (QF\FORSDHGLD
achievements of Vijayanagar was witnessed in
7KH\ KDYH UDLVHG ÀQH WHPSOHV DW .HODGL ,NNHUL
these Kingdoms. The rise of Mysuru and Keladi
and Nagar a wonderful hill fort at Kavaledurga.
royal families was an exception to this fact.
Keladwas captured by Haidar Ali in 1763, and the
7KH\ FRQWULEXWHG VLJQLÀFDQWO\ LQ LPSURYLQJ WKH
kingdom merged with Mysuru.
situation to some extent. These two families
made efforts to continue Vijayanagar tradition Of the other feudatories of Vijayanagara, while
in their respective regions. Raja Wodeyar and Kempegowda I of Magadi Kingdom,also called
Chikkadevaraya of Mysuru, Venkatappa and as Yalahanka Nadaprabhus, raised the fort and
Sivappa of Keladi succeeded in continuing the new city of Bengaluru in 1537. Later they were
Vijayanagara ideal through their ability and forced to shift their capital to Magadi, where
undeterred efforts. Some of these rulers made they ruled upto 1728. The Magadi fort is one of
administrative changes which was more suitable their creations. The Chitradurga Nayakas raised
to the changed circumstances in their regions. WKH PDJQLÀFLHQW KLOOIRUW DW &KLWUDGXUJD DQG
They also undertook many welfare activities to continued to rule until their extinction by Hyder
improve economic and cultural conditions in their Ali in 1779.
regions. Marathas
In the North Karnataka region, Adil Shahis The Marathas, who were encroaching upon
continued their powerful rule till the end of the Vijayapura dominion, came to have control 131
17th century. In later years because of repeated over parts of Karnataka, to the North of the
Tungabhadra. Shivaji built forts at Ramadurg, Hyder Ali
Nargund, Parasgad, Gajendragad, Katkol etc., in Hyder Ali, an illiterate lad from Kolar, had
North Karnataka. In the South, they had their been recruited to the Mysuru army by Dalavay
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
%HQJDOXUX MDKJLU DGPLQLVWHUHG ÀUVW E\ 6KDKML Nanjarajaiah and he had elevated him as
DQGODWHUE\KLVVRQ(NRML0HDQZKLOH )DX]GDUUHFRJQL]LQJKLVPLOLWDU\DELOLWLHV+\GHU
the Mysuru royal family secured Bengaluru and Ali had gained recognition as a good soldier and
its surroundings from the Mughals in 1689 on leader in the Mysore army. In 1761, there was
lease. The Mughals had conquered these areas a revolt of the soldiers of the Mysuru army in
LQIURP0DUDWKDUXOHU(NRMLDIHXGDWRU\RI Srirangapattana demanding payment of their
Vijayapura. Later the Marathas had secured the wages which had not been paid for some time.
right of collecting chauth and sardesmukhi, a Krishnaraja Wodeyar II, the then ruler, requested
part of the dues to the Mughals from the southern Hyder Ali to take charge of the situation. Hyder Ali
feudatories in the days of Chatrapati Shahu sorted the problem. He relieved his own master
6KLYDML·VJUDQGVRQ IURPWKH0XJKDO(PSHURULQ Nanjarajaiah, who had become very old at that
1719. Infact, Peshwa Balaji Rao had conquered time, from all responsibility and retired him to a
Dharwad in 1753. Later Haidar and Tipu wrested distance place (Konanur, Hassan district) to enjoy
Dharwad area from the Marathas. Although KLV ÀHI WKHUH +\GHU $OL JRW GHVLJQDWHG DV WKH
the Dharwad area was restored to the Marathas chief of all affairs (Sarvadhikari) of the Mysuru
LQ WKH\ ÀQDOO\ ORVW LW DIWHU WKH IDOO RI WKH kingdom. He asserted himself as the most
Peshwa in 1818 to British. powerful ruler of Karnataka and surrounding
border areas. The Maratha debacle in the third
Wodeyars of Mysuru
battle of Panipat (1761 A.D.) also lent support to
The Mysuru royal family, which was also
the ascendancy of Hyder Ali in Karnataka.
a feudatory house under Vijayanagara, took
DGYDQWDJH RI WKH ZHDNHQLQJ RI WKH (PSLUH The defeat of the Marathas at Panipat in 1761
and became free. Raja Odeyar (1578-1617), helped Hyder to follow an aggressive policy. He
secured Srirangapattana in 1610, the seat of merged the Keladi Kingdom with Mysuru and
the Vijayanagara Viceroy. Kantirava Narasaraja extended Mysuru in all directions. He successfully
WKH ÀUVW VRYHUHLJQ UXOHU VXFFHVVIXOO\ used cavalry on a large scale. Mysuru came to
resisted the efforts of Vijayapura to subdue have 80,000 square miles of territory under him.
him, and extended his territory. He built the Hyder built the palace at Bengaluru, strengthened
Narasimha temple at Srirangapattana. He issued its fort and began the Lalbagh Garden. He built
his own Coins called ‘Kanthirayi panams’. the Dariya Daulat palace at Srirangapattana and
Chikkadevaraya (1673-1704) not only resisted the ODLG D ÀQH SDUN DOOURXQG LW +H FKDOOHQJHG WKH
Marathas at Bengaluru and Jinji successfully, British in Tamilnadu and defeated them. But he
but also extended his dominions in Tamilnadu. was humiliated by Maratha Peshwa Madhavarao
He secured Bengaluru and its surroundings more than once. Hyder allied himself with the
(which WKH 0XJKDOV KDG FRQTXHUHG IURP (NRML )UHQFK DJDLQVW WKH %ULWLVK DQG VXFFHVVIXOO\
from the Mughals on lease and accepted Mughal RSSRVHG WKHP LQ WKH ÀUVW $QJOR0\VRUH ZDU ,Q
suzerainty. He made Mysuru a rich principality by the meantime Hyder Ali captured and annexed
his able revenue policies. Himself a great scholar the Chitradurga Principality from the Madakari
and writer, he patronized many Kannada writers family of Chitradurga in 1779. But he died in
like Tirumalaraya, Chikkupadhyaya, and Sanchi 1782 at Narasingarayapet, near Arcot, while
Honnamma. All these were Shrivaishnavas. ÀJKWLQJ DJDLQVW WKH %ULWLVK DPLGVW WKH VHFRQG
However, weak rulers succeeded him and this Anglo-Mysore war. He had a strong Naval force
ÀQDOO\ OHG WR WKH XVXUSDWLRQ RI SRZHU E\ +DLGHU stationed at Sultan Bateri near Mangaluru.
Ali in 1761. During this period, local Chieftains
The efforts of Hyder Ali extended the boundaries
ruled places like Chikkanayakanahalli,
of the Mysuru kingdom and had made it the most
Madhugiri, Nidugal, Anekal, Chickballapur,
powerful political entity in the whole of South
Gummanayakanahalli, Tarikere, Ranibennur,
132 Belur, Harapanahalli etc., in Karnataka. India. The king, although respected by Hyder Ali,
had been sidelined.
Tipu Sultan family who claimed descent from the Nayakas of
Tipu Sultan (1782-99) who continued his Keladi.
IDWKHU·V DQWL%ULWLVK SROLF\ E\ ÀJKWLQJ WKH WKLUG
0XGGXUDMD WKH ÀUVW SURPLQHQW
and fourth Anglo-Mysore wars dreamt of driving
king of the dynasty but third in the line of
the British out of India. He sought the assistance
descent made Madikeri his capital in the year
RI 1DSROHRQ WKH )UHQFK UXOHU DQG WKH UXOHUV RI 1681. His son Doddaveerappa (1687-1736)
Turkey and Afghanistan. Tipu was a scholar not only resisted attempts of Chikkadevaraya
and a bold general. He introduced sericulture in of Mysuru to subdue Kodagu but even secured
0\VXUX.LQJGRP DQGWRRNÀUPVWHSVWRHVWDEOLVK (OXVDYLUDVLPH 6KDQLYDUDVDQWH IURP WKH UXOHUV
industrial centres producing quality paper; steel of Balam of Aiguru. Chikkavirappa (1736-1760)
wires for musical instruments, sugar and sugar grandson of Doddavirappa who succeeded him
candy. He was very keen on promoting overseas resisted strongly the efforts of Hyder Ali to
trade and initiated State trading and founded capture Kodagu. Hyder Ali in an effort to gain the
stores not only in different centres of his kingdom friendship of the Kodagu rulers handed over Panja
but also at Kutch, Karachi and Basrah in the and Bellare regions next to Sulya to the Kodagu
0LGGOH(DVW+HKDGDFXULRXVPLQGDQGZDVNHHQ King.
on introducing novel thing in every walk of life.
Lingaraja, another important king of the
He was pioneer in introducing Rocket technology
dynasty sought the help of Hyder Ali to dispel
during his struggle against the British. However,
succession dispute with Devappa Raja. Though
his ambition of driving the British failed and he Lingaraja ascended the throne in 1775 he had to
GLHGLQ ÀJKWLQJDJDLQVWWKH%ULWLVKGXULQJWKH rule as a feudatory of Mysuru. He died in 1780
fourth Anglo-Mysuru war at Shrirangapattana. DQGKLVWZRPLQRUVRQVZHUHNHSWLQFRQÀQHPHQW
Mysuru fell into the hands of the British who by Hyder Ali at Gorur. Hyder Ali appointed
handed over parts of it to the Marathas and KLV RZQ RIÀFHUV DV DGPLQLVWUDWRUV RI .RGDJX
the Nizams, their allies in this venture, and (QUDJHGE\WKLVFRQGXFWRI+\GHU$OLWKHSHRSOH
crowned the Hindu prince, Krishnaraja Odeyar of Kodagu revolted against Mysuru and drove
III, as the ruler over Mysuru Kingdom, whose ZD\KLVRIÀFHUVRXWRI.RGDJX7KH\HYHQUHIXVHG
territories considerably reduced. Later, under the to pay taxes as a protest against Mysuru.
LQVWUXFWLRQV RI WKH 0DGUDV 3UHVLGHQF\ )UDQFLV
After Hyder Ali’s death, Tippu Sultan shifted
Buchanan visited the area ruled formerly by
the two princes from Gorur to Periyapattana. He
Hyder and Tipu, during 1800-01 immediately after
took stern steps to enforce his authority on the
the demise of Tippu, (1799). He has left a vivid
Kodagu region. He built new forts, strengthened
account in his Travelogue is worth to be noticed.
old ones and appointed his own men to take
British also secured the territory to the north care of these structures. While many of the
of the Tungabhadra by defeating the Peshwa in UR\DO IDPLO\ RI /LQJDUDMD GLHG LQ FRQÀQHPHQW DW
1818, and became masters of Karnataka. They Periyapattana, one of the two princesses by name
also annexed Kodagu (Coorg) a small princely Dodda Virappaji escaped from imprisonment
tributary state, in 1834 by dethroning its ruler in 1788. He used guerilla method of warfare to
Chikkavirarajendra of Haleri family. In 1834, the establish himself in the region and successfully
feudatory monarchy in Kodagu (Coorg) was ended resisted Tippu Sultan’s efforts to subdue him. He
and the State was handed over to a Commissioner established himself as the ruler of Kodagu. In the
under the supervision of the Madras Governor. third Anglo-Mysore War Tippu was completely
Sullya region belonging to Kodagu was transferred routed out of Kodagu by the Britishers.
to Kanara.
After the death of Viraraja in 1809 Devammaji
Coorg (Kodagu) Chiefs succeeded him but her claim to succession
The enchanting land of Kodagu with its beautiful was set aside by her uncle Lingaraja, Lingaraja
topography and cool climate has a distinct was an able administrator as revealed by the
population called Kodavas who are well known for wonderful document of his period i.e. the Hukum
their martial skills and spirit. Though a minor Nama issued by him which contains 52 clear-
principality it played a notable role in the history FXW LQVWUXFWLRQV WR EH IROORZHG E\ KLV RIÀFLDOV
of modern Karnataka. Kodagu was founded as an in administering the state. In 1820 he built the
133
independent principality by members of the Haleri Omkareshvara temple at Madikeri.
Chikkavira rajendra was the last king of the State. It nurtured Kannada culture and
dynasty. He became unpopular because of his acts encouraged Kannada literature and scholarship.
of killing and cruelty. His own sister and brother- But for the Mysuru State, Karnataka would have
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
in-law reported against him to the Britishers. lost its identity. Purnaiah was made the Chief
Chikkavirarajendra encouraged anti-British Administrator (Diwan) during the minority of
movement in Kodagu and prepared himself for a Krishnaraja III, and later in 1810, Krishnaraja
ZDU ZLWK WKH %ULWLVKHUV +H ÀOOHG KLV DUP\ ZLWK himself assumed administration. But the Nagar
young men particularly from the Beda community 8SULVLQJ RI UHVXOWHG LQ WKH (DVW ,QGLD
of Chitradurga and Rayadurga. He gave shelter to Company assuming the Mysuru administration
a rebel Palegar from Mysuru. He disregarded the in 1831, and Mysuru came to be ruled by the
warnings given to him by the Governor of Madras British Commissioners for 50 years. The prince,
and thus continued to offend Britishers with his who was a great scholar and lover of literature,
behaviour. In 1834 he issued a proclamation spent the rest of his life in literary and artistic
against the Britishers. Immediately the Britishers pursuits. The Mysuru court became a major
occupied Kodagu. Chikkavirarajendra submitted centre of Rennaisance in Karnataka. He founded
to them meekly and he was sent to Varanasi. WKH 5DMD 6FKRRO IRU WHDFKLQJ (QJOLVK LQ
Between 1835 and 1837 Kodagu witnessed which became the nucleus of the Maharaja’s high
an upsurge of anti-British movements. The school and later upgraded as Maharaja’s College
Governor of Madras appointed a Superintendent (1879). He also started a lithographic press called
Commissioner for Kodagu. He was asked to Ambavilasa (1841) and started printing books in
report the affairs of Kodagu to the commissioner Kannada.
of Mysuru who also acted as the commissioner
of Kodagu. Much later, in 1940, a full time chief Commissioners’ Regime
commissioner was appointed to administer Among the Commissioners, who ruled Mysuru
Kodagu. After India’s Independence Kodagu between 1831 and 1881, two are the most
became a part ‘C’ state under the constitution. notable viz., Mark Cubbon (1834-61) and Lewin
Bowring (1862-70). To these two goes the credit of
British rule
making Mysuru a Modern State by organizing the
The advent of British rule brought about many
DGPLQLVWUDWLRQ RQ (XURSHDQ OLQHV DQG EULQJLQJ
changes in Karnataka, as elsewhere in India. The
it on par with other districts of the British
districts of Dharwad, Gadag, Haveri, Vijayapura,
Presidencies. They also encouraged education
Bagalkot and Belagavi taken from the Peshwa,
by increasing the number of schools. By building
were merged into Bombay Presidency in 1818.
roads and railways, and by introducing the
The Kanara District, now the districts of Uttara
telegraph, an infrastructure was planned for
Kannada, Dakshina Kannada and Udupi; and
industrial progress, to meet their colonial
Ballari taken from Tipu, were added on to the
requirements.
Madras Presidency. In 1862, the Kanara District
was divided into two, while North Kanara (Uttara Rendition
Kannada} was tagged on to Bombay Presidency. The year 1881 saw the Rendition, when
South Kanara remained in Madras Presidency. Chamarajendra Odeyar, the adopted son
Mysuru was retained as a separate principality; of Krishnaraja III, secured the throne. Able
the prince of the Odeyar dynasty, Krishnaraja III, Diwans like Rangacharlu and Sheshadri Iyer
was yet a boy when he became the ruler in 1799. DGPLQLVWHUHGWKHNLQJGRP5DQJDFKDUOXWKHÀUVW
The areas in the modern districts of Kalaburagi, Diwan, founded the Representative Assembly in
Raichur, Koppal and Bidar were handed over to Mysuru in 1881, with 144 nominated members
the Nizam of Hyderabad. In addition to the Nawab and prepared the ground for responsible
of Savanur, there were over 15 other princes, ruling government. In 1891, the members were elected
over small Kannada principalities. Most of them from among the revenue paying Landlords, rich
were Maratha rulers, they included the princes of merchants and graduates annually. Subsequently
Jamkhandi, Aundh, Ramdurg, Mudhol, Sandur, WKHLU RIÀFH RI WHQXUH ZDV PDGH WKUHH \HDUV LQ
Hire Kurundawad, Jath, Sangli, Kolhapur, Meeraj, 1894. He encouraged Kannada literature and
Kiriya Kurundawada, Akkalkote, etc. Mysuru, as scholarship. The King was also a great lover of
134
the nucleus of Karnataka, grew to be a progressive literature and ÀQH DUWV +H GLHG LQ DQG
young Krishnaraja Odeyar IV was crowned the started at Kalaburagi in 1888. Gold mining
king, and the Queen-Mother Vanivilas became the had started in the Hatti region of Raichur
Regent. Sheshadri Iyer continued as Diwan until District after preliminary investigations in 1886.
1901. Hubballi and Gadag had many ginning mills by
then. Thus, Industrialization gave impetus to
Economic Changes
urbanisation and modernisation. Agriculture
Dewan Purnaiah earlier had raised a dam across
ZDV DOVR UHFHLYLQJ JUHDW ÀOOLS EHFDXVH RI EHWWHU
the river Cauvery at Sagarakatte to improve
irrigation and demand for raw materials. The
LUULJDWLRQ7KHOD\LQJRIÀUVWUDLOZD\OLQH %URDG
‘Cotton Boom’ of the 1860s of the American Civil
gauge) between Bengaluru and Jolarpet initiated
War days gave impetus to raising cotton crop,
during the Cubbon’s regime, started functioning
and though demands from Manchester fell after
from 1864, when Bowring was the Commissioner.
the 1860s, new factories founded at Bombay and
Cubbon was also responsible for the construction
Sholapur (Sollapur) did purchase cotton from
of new roads exceeding 2560 kms. In length, with
North Karnataka area. But spinning, a domestic
300 bridges. He initiated the Coffee plantation
industry which provided hither-too jobs to lakhs
covering over 1.50 lakh acres. He also founded the
of women by assuring a wage equal to a farm
3XEOLF :RUNV DQG )RUHVW 'HSDUWPHQWV 'LVWULFW
worker, was totally destroyed after the Industrial
Savings Banks were started in Princely Mysuru
Revolution, and so was weaving. Thus, pressure
during 1870. Rangacharlu got the Bengaluru-
on land increased.
Mysuru metregauge rail line ready by 1882, (which
was initiated earlier during Commissioners rule in Anti-British Uprisings
1877-78) by spending a sum of Rs.55.48 lakhs. Karnataka did not tamely submit to the foreign
The work on the line was started as a part of rule of the British. There were anti-British violent
famine relief during the severe famine of 1876-78, uprisings between 1800 and 1858. The earliest of
which took the toll of one million lives in Mysuru these was of Dhondia Wagh, who after the fall of
State alone. Sheshadri Iyer who initiated gold Tipu, unfurled theÁDJRIUHYROWDJDLQVWWKH%ULWLVK
PLQLQJ LQ .RODU UHJLRQ .*) LQ FUHDWHG in 1800 from the Bidanur-Shikaripur region;
the Departments of Geology (1894), Agriculture many former princes joined him. His revolt spread
(1898), and launched the Vanivilasa Sagara from Jamalabad to Sodhe in Coastal Districts
Irrigation Scheme in Chitradurga district. The and above the Ghats upto Belagavi and Raichur
6KLYDQDVDPXGUD +\GUR(OHFWULF 3URMHFW ZKLFK Districts. He was killed at Konagal in September
VXSSOLHG SRZHU WR .RODU *ROG )LHOGV LQ 1800, and his colleague Krishnappa Nayak of
later, also provided electricity to Bengaluru city in %HOXU %DODP ZDV NLOOHG LQ )HEUXDU\ 7KH
ÀUVWFLW\WRREWDLQHOHFWULFDOIDFLOLWLHVLQWKH Vellore (Tamilnadu) uprising of 1806 is tobe
whole country) and for Mysuru in 1907, was the recorded in the annals of Karnataka, because,
ÀUVW PDMRU SURMHFW RI LWV NLQG LQ ,QGLD $OWKRXJK WKH UHEHOV LQYLWHG )DWKH +\GHU WKH VRQ RI WKH
it is interesting to note that in 1887, an Hydro deceased Tipusultan to assume the leadership
(OHFWULF SURMHFW ZDV VWDUWHG DW *RNDN LQ D VPDOO ZKLFKKHUHIXVHG(YHQWXDOO\WKH%ULWLVKTXHOOHG
scale by Gokak Spinning Mill, which then formed it within no time. The Koppal Rebellion led by one
part of Bombay Presidency. The Bengaluru Mill Virappa, was also suppressed in 1819. The year
was started in 1884 and it was taken over by the 1820 saw the Deshmukh rebellion near Bidar. A
Binnys Bengaluru Woolen Cotton and Silk Mills strong revolt happened at Sindhagi in Vijayapura
in 1886. It was about this time that elsewhere in District in 1824. The revolt of Kittur Rani
Karnataka too, modern industrialization started Channamma in 1824 and of Sangolli Rayanna
and railway and road transport facilities began to of the same kingdom in 1829 is also famous. The
improve. Nagar Uprising of 1830-31 accompanied by similar
Harihara-Pune railway line was completed in agrarian revolts in the Kanara District in 1831
1888. Mangaluru was connected by rail with followed this. Sarja Hanumappa Nayak of Tarikere
Madras in 1907. The Gokak Spinning Mill chieftains also joined the insurgents. Though this
had been founded by securing power from the revolt failed, it cost Krishnaraja III, his throne.
*RNDN )DOOV DQG 0DQJDOXUX KDG VRPH There was an uprising in Kodagu during 1835-
WLOH IDFWRULHV ÀUVW LQLWLDWHG E\ WKH %DVHO 0LVVLRQ 37, popularly known as ‘Kalyanappana katakayi’
135
(1865). A Spinning and Weaving Mill was also so named because its leader was Kalyana Swamy,
(also called Swamy Aparamapara) projected area had over 650 primary schools by that time.
himself as the relative of Kodagu royal family, However, there were only Marathi schools in
which was also strong in Dakshina Kannada %RPED\.DUQDWDND DQG PHQ OLNH (OOLRW DQG
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
(Sullya Puttur, Bantawala and Mangaluru). Deputy Channabasappa strove to introduce
Ultimately, Kalyanappa, Kumble Subbaraya Kannada medium. A college was started at Ballari
Hedge, Lakshmappa Banga and Biranna Bhanta in 1869. A Government college was founded at
of Kasaragod were hanged to death in 1837. One Bengaluru in 1870 (named Central College in 1875)
IRUPHU RIÀFLDO RI WKH 3HVKZD FDOOHG 1DUDVDSSD and later Bengaluru saw a second institution,
Petkar organized a revolt against the British in the St.Joseph’s College, in 1882. The Maharaja’s
1840-41 popularly known as Badami revolt, College of Mysuru was started in 1879. The
Karnataka responded to the 1857-58 uprisings Government College of Mangaluru was founded
positively. The Chandakavate Deshmukhs joined in 1869, followed by the St.Aloysius College in
hands with the Venkatappanayaka of Surapur 1879. Christian Missionaries started printing in
and revolted against the British. In November .DQQDGD DV HDUO\ DV ÀUVW IURP 6HUDPSRUH
1857, the Halagali Bedas revolted against the near Calcutta) and the Basel Mission started the
Arms Act, the British army ruthlessly suppressed ÀUVW QHZVSDSHU QDPHG ¶0DQJDOXUX 6DPDFKDUD·
them on 29th November midnight and several in 1843. Many old Kannada classics were printed.
people died. During the struggle more than 300 All these developments helped for the growth
persons were arrested and 32 persons were of literary activities on new lines. Prose became
hanged on Dec. 11 and 14 respectively at Mudhol popular and secular themes appeared in literature.
and Halagali. Jamakhandi also witnessed an Many newspapers and journals were published
uprising. The rulers of Naragund and Surapur, in Kannada. They include ‘Kannada Samachara’
joined by Mundargi Bheemarao, a Zamindar, (Ballari 1844), ‘Chandrodaya’ (Dharwad 1877),
and the Desais of Govanakoppa, Hammige, ‘Karnataka Prakashika’ (Mysuru 1865), and
Soraturu etc, also revolted in 1858. Mundargi ‘Arunodaya’ (Bengaluru 1862). These are a few
Bheemarao was executed and the rebellion was of the many such efforts. Hitachi, an Urdu paper
quelled. Infact, 12 copies of Tatya Topi’s Anti- started its circulation since 1870 from Kaladagi,
British proclamation chart is being recovered another named Karnataka vritha, and a weekly
from Mundargi Bheemarao’s family. There was a from Vijayapura (1892) was very popular. Lyrical
long revolt in Supa, jointly led by men from Goa poetry in Kannada also came to be composed,
and Uttara Kannada, who included some Siddis beginning with the prayer songs composed by the
(Negroes) in 1858-59. Though the uprisings were Missionaries. Mysuru royal court also encouraged
suppressed, its lessons were not totally forgotten. many writers. Mudramanjusha (1823) by
The Nagar Uprising (1830) ultimately resulted .HPSXQDUD\DQDZDVWKHÀUVWLPSRUWDQWSURVH
in the founding of Mysuru Representative ZRUN 0DQ\ (QJOLVK DQG 6DQVNULW SOD\V ZHUH
Assembly in 1881. The British learnt to respond WUDQVODWHG7KHÀUVWRULJLQDO.DQQDGDVRFLDOSOD\
to the grievances of the people quickly. Local self- was Iggappa Heggadeya Prahasana (1887) by
governing bodies were founded in towns during 9HQNDWDUDPD6KDVWU\7KHÀUVWRULJLQDO.DQQDGD
1850’s and 1860’s. People also learnt that without social novel was Suryakanta (1892) by Gadagkar,
proper organisation, it is not possible to free the though social novels had been translated from
country from the British. The British also felt (QJOLVK0DUDWKLDQG%HQJDOLWRRE\WKHQ
the need to improve the means of transport and
7KH VWDJH DUW DQG PXVLF DOVR ZHUH LQÁXHQFHG
communication to enable them to meet situations
by these changes. New drama troupes came into
of breach of peace. The communication facilities
existence at Gadag (1874) and Halasangi, and there
initiated by them mainly served their colonial
was a troupe at Mysuru too. The visit of Marathi
economic purposes.
troupe from Sangli in 1876-77 and the Victoria Parsi
Beginning of Renaissance Company in 1878 to Karnataka, revolutionized
This new administration helped the spread stagecraft here. Veena Venkatasubbayya,
of modern education everywhere. Christian Sambayya and Chikkaramappa were some of the
Missionaries also started education on Western great veena masteroes in the Mysuru court at this
lines. There were over 2000 primary schools time. A distinct Mysuru school of Karnatak music
136
in Mysuru State by 1881. Bombay-Karnataka was evolved during this period. In architecture,
Western impact was seen. The Central College the Karnataka Ithihasa Samshodhana Mandala of
building (1860) in Gothic style, the Athara Kachery Dharwad (1914) further helped the Renaissance.
(1867) with ionic pillars and the Bengaluru An all-Karnataka literary and cultural forum was
Museum Building (1877) in Coranthian style were founded in 1915, and this was the ‘Karnataka
built during this period. The Basel Missionary, Sahitya Parishat’, with its headquarters at
introducing light tiles from Mangaluru Bengaluru. It had the active support of the Mysuru
revolutionized architectural patterns. Churches Government and its president, H.V. Nanjundaiah
too introduced the Western style. Our Lady of became the Vice-Chancellor of the newly founded
Sorrow Church (Mangaluru 1857), St.Mary’s Mysuru University (1916). Aluru Venkatarao by
Church (Shivajinagar, Bengaluru, 1882), St. writing the ‘Karnataka Gata Vaibhava’ in 1917,
Joseph’s Seminary Church (Mangaluru 1890) introduced to the Kannadigas in Kannada, the
and St.Mary’s Church (Belagavi, 1896) are some history and cultural achievements of Karnataka.
such early examples. Many social movements Written in a tone, highly charged with emotion,
stirred Hindu society and social changes received the work played an important role in inculcating
an impetus. The propaganda of the Christian QDWLRQDO IHHOLQJV +H ZDV WKH )DWKHU RI WKH
missions was also responsible for this, especially of .DUQDWDND8QLÀFDWLRQ0RYHPHQWDOVR
the newly founded Protestant missions, though in Modernisation
a negative way. The Theosophical Society started The Princes of Mysuru were enlightened
its work in Mysuru State in 1886; Brahma Samaj administrators and their genuine interest in the
started its activities at Bengaluru in 1866 and progress of the State, won them the affection and
at Mangaluru in 1870. This was followed by the respect of the people. All of them were patrons of
Depressed Classes Mission, founded by Kudmul OHDUQLQJ OLWHUDWXUH PXVLF DQG RWKHU ÀQH DUWV
Ranga Rao at Mangaluru in 1897, which started Krishnaraja Wadeyar IV, who ruled from 1902 to
many schools for the depressed classes. Bengaluru 1940, led an unostentatious life and combined
had the Indian Progressive Union in 1894. Mysuru piety with a modern outlook. During his reign
State banned the marriage of girls below eight. the State made rapid progress in all directions.
Sheshadri Iyer started separate schools for the His younger brother Kanthirava Narasimharaja
untouchables as they were hesitating to attend Odeyar, the Yuvaraja of Mysuru, was also a
other regular schools. The Maharani’s school JHQHURXV SDWURQ RI ÀQH DUWV IRU PDQ\ \HDUV
for girls, founded in 1881 at Mysuru by Palace he was the Honorary President of the Kannada
Bakshi Ambale Narasimha lyengar became a high Sahitya Parishat. His son, Jayachamaraja
school in 1891 and later into College in 1901. The Odeyar, who came to the throne in 1940, proved
Ramakrishna Mission was founded in Bengaluru as enlightened as his uncle. When the country
in 1904. These developments mainly helped won independence, Mysuru acceded to the
emancipation of women and attempted eradication Indian Union. Jayachamaraja Odeyar served
of untouchability. It was in this atmosphere that as Governor and won an enduring place in the
the history of the State also came to be written. heart of the people. The Diwans in charge of the
%/5LFH·V 0\VXUX DQG &RRUJ )OHHW·V '\QDVWLHV administration in Mysuru made the Principality
RI&DQDUHVH'LVWULFWV %KDQGDUNDU·V(DUO\ not only a modern state but also a model state.
+LVWRU\ RI 'DNKDQ 5LFH·V (SLJUDSKLD
Diwan P.N. Krishnamurthy (1901-06) improved
Carnatica volumes (beginning from 1886), Indian
the administration by introducing up-to-date
Antiquary volumes from 1872 and Sewell’s “A
PHWKRGV IROORZHG LQ %ULWLVK ,QGLD LQ RIÀFH
)RUJRWWHQ (PSLUH µ KHOSHG WKH UHFRYHU\
procedure and maintenance of records, and he
of Karnataka’s history, and made the people of
founded the Co-operative Department in 1906.
Karnataka, feel proud of their hoary past. This
The next Diwan V.P. Madhava Rao, founded the
paved the way for the high renaissance and the
Legislative Council (1907), the second chamber,
national awakening in the 20th Century. In the and took measure for forest conservation. The
Princely State, amidst all these developments, the Central Co-operative Bank was also his creation.
ÀUVW HYHU $JULFXOWXUDO DQG ,QGXVWULDO ([KLELWLRQ
was organised at Mysuru in 1888. The founding $Q (QJLQHHU ZLWK DODUPLQJ YLVLRQ JUHDW
of Karnataka Vidyavardhaka Sangha of Dharwad economist and administrator of foresightedness,
137
(1890), the Mythic Society of Bengaluru (1909), Sir. M. Visvesvaraya became the Diwan in 1912. He
was a man of vision and a dynamic administrator the Dewan. It gave impetus to Sugarcane growing
and during his brief period of administration DQG KHOSHG WKH IRXQGLQJ RI 6XJDU)DFWRULHV DW D
that the Kannambadi Reservoir Project initiated later date. Under Dewan Mirza Ismail, the Cauvery
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
earlier was started and top priority was given to 8SSHU &DQDO ZDV FRPPLVVLRQHG EHQHÀWLQJ
its construction. During this period the strength over one lakh acres of land. Industrialization in
of the legislative council was increased to 24, the Mysuru was in full swing. The Bhadravati Iron
second session called Budget session was initiated factory had been founded by Sir. M. Visvesvaraya
in June 1917, and the assembly was made more and Sir Mirza Ismail expanded it by adding a
powerful by allowing them to discuss about the steel unit. The District Savings Banks, attached
budget of the state. He founded many industries to District Treasuries were started in 1870.
and undertook such progressive and far-reaching Bengaluru saw three banking companies in 1868,
administrative measures that he came to be known and a total of 24 such institutions were seen
as “the Maker of Modern Mysuru”. The Sandalwood by 1876 in the city, though not many survived.
2LO)DFWRU\RI0\VXUX 0\VXUX&KURPHDQG Chitradurga Savings Bank was founded in 1870.
7DQQLQJ )DFWRU\ DQG *RYHUQPHQW 6RDS If, the Bombay Presidency Bank had its branch
)DFWRU\ LQ %HQJDOXUX DQG WKH :RRG 'LVWLOODWLRQ at Dharwar in 1863, the Madras Presidency Bank
)DFWRU\ DW %KDGUDYDWL ZDV IRXQGHG E\ 6LU0 had founded its branch at Bengaluru in 1864.
Visvesvaraya. The iron unit at Bhadravati was Subsequently there branches were also started
DOVRKLVEUDLQFKLOG+HIRXQGHGWKH(QJLQHHULQJ at Belagavi and Mangaluru (1867) Hubballi
College at Bengaluru (1917), the Medical School (1870) and Kumta (1872-73) South Kanara had
at Bengaluru (1917), the Agricultural School its Banking Companies like the Canara Bank,
(1913), the nucleus for the future University of (Mangaluru) (1906) and Corporation Bank (Udupi)
Agricultural Sciences), and the Mysuru University (1906). Later came the Pangal Nayak Bank
(1916) were also his creations. The Mysuru Bank (1920), Jayalakshmi Bank (1923), Karnataka
was also started in his time (1913) and so was Bank (1924), Udupi Bank (1925), Catholic Bank
Mysuru Chamber of Commerce (1916). During (1925), Vijaya Bank (1925) and the Syndicate
this period, a non-Brahmin party viz. Praja Mitra Bank (1925). The Town Co-operative Bank was
Mandali was founded in 1917 based on the started at Hosapete in 1915. Dharwad District
demand for social equality in public service for saw many Co-operative Societies beginning with
non-Brahmins. The government appointed the the one at Kanaginal in 1906, most of them in
Miller Committee to enquire about the grievances. present Gadag district. The Dharwad D.C.C. Bank
Subsequently Visvesvaraya resigned in 1918. was started in 1916. Co-operative movement
Later in 1919, the Miller Committee submitted its also made great strides in Kodagu, Udupi and
report recommending for proper representation Dakshina Kannada districts. Tile industry was
of backward class people in public employment.
expanded in South Kanara and Cashewhusking
The constitution, for electing the members to the
units were also started in 1924 such as the Pierce
representative assembly in a more democratic
Leslie and the Mallya Cashew. Beedi rolling in
way was initiated. Its strength was increased from
Coastal region and Agarbati production in Mysuru
250 to 275, voting power was given to those who
State were started as domestic industries in an
pay Rs. 50 as land revenue or Rs. 10 as municipal
organised way. The Swadeshi Movement gave a
tax, and women were given the franchise.
ÀOOLS WR LQGXVWULDO DFWLYLW\ LQ WKH %ULWLVK GLVWULFWV
Another important Dewan was Sir Mirza M. of Karnataka. A big oil mill viz., B.T. Mills, was
Ismail (1926-41) who was responsible for making started at Davanagere in 1918, and several Cotton
Mysuru as one of the best-known Princely States ginning factories had been started in the town,
in India by expanding its industries, founding new even earlier to this. As already noted Sir Mirza
ones and undertaking major irrigation projects. Ismail was responsible for the founding of many
Mysuru State served as a strong nucleus of new industries in Mysuru State. He founded the
Karnataka by its economic progress and cultural *RYHUQPHQW&HPHQW)DFWRU\ DQG0\VXUX
achievements. Plantation based industries were Paper Mills (1938) both at Bhadravati. The Sugar
expanded both in Mysuru and Kodagu regions. )DFWRU\DW0DQG\D WKH0\VXUX&KHPLFDO
Kannambadi project commissioned during early DQG)HUWLOL]HUV)DFWRU\ DW%HODJROD WKHÀUVW
138
Dewans regime was completed when Sir Mirza was of its kind in India) and the Glass and porcelain
)DFWRULHV DW %HQJDOXUX WR PHQWLRQ RQO\ D Gudigars of the Malenadu (Sagar-Sirsi area),
few. It was he who initiated plans to produce power imbibing modern techniques and ideas, started
at Shimsha and Jog. The most important industry SURGXFLQJÀQHÀJXUHVLQZRRGDQGLYRU\VHFXUHG
initiated during his time was Hindustan Aircrafts a world market.
in 1940. Moreover, Kaiser-I-Hind Woollen Mill
Their handiwork is visible in the decorations
had started production in 1922, and the Minerva
of Mysuru palace and Vidhana Soudha. The
Mills followed it. Thus, industrialisation was
Renaissance had its impact on literature too.
in full swing, and the Second World War gave a
Prose writing became popular and journalism
IXUWKHUÀOOLS$W+DUihara was started the Mysuru
grew. Several forms of literature like the short
Kirloskar machine shop in 1941. The Davanagere
story, the essay, the novel, drama and lyrical
&RWWRQ 0LOOV VWDUWHG LQ JDYH D ÀOOLS WR WKH
poetry, developed in Kannada. Masti Venkatesha
founding of more such mills in the town. Sugar
Iyengar, Panje Mangesha Rao, M.N. Kamath and
factory was founded at Hosapete in 1935, followed
Kerur Vasudevacharya were some of the early
E\WKH0XQLUDEDG6XJDU0LOOVLQ 7KH)DUXN
short story writers followed by ‘Anandakanda’,
Anwar Oil Mill was started at Raichur in 1944.
A.R. Krishna Sastry, K. Gopalakrishna Rao,
Oil mills, Soap units, Sawmills, etc, came to be
Krishnakumar Kallur, Aa.Na.Kru (A.N. Krishna
founded in small towns too. Banks and the Co-
Rao). ‘Bharatipriya’ (Venkata Rao), Gorur
RSHUDWLYHVHFWRUVSURYLGHGWKHQHFHVVDU\ÀQDQFH
Ramaswamy Iyengar, Dr.R.S.Mugali, Gauramma
Cultural Developments and ‘Raghava’ (M.V.Seetharamaiah). Shivaram
The Cultural Renaissance that occurred during Karanth and Aa.Na.Kru (A.N. Krishna Rao) are
the 20th century saw many great developments in WKH WZR FHOHEUDWHG QRYHOLVWV (QJOLVK *HHWKHJDOX
WKHÀHOGRIPXVLFGUDPDSDLQWLQJDQGOLWHUDWXUH E\ %0 6ULNDQWDLDK LV WKH ÀUVW FROOHFWLRQ
The Mysuru court patronized great artists of modern lyrics in Kannada. He was followed by
like Veene Sheshanna, Lakshminarayanappa, Govinda Pai, Dr. D.V. Gundappa, Dr. Bendre,
Bakshi Subbanna, Vasudevacharya, Mutthayya P.T. Narasimhachar, G.P. Rajarathnam, Panje
Bhagavatar, and Bidaram Krishnappa. The Mangesha Rao, Kadengodlu Shankara Bhatta,
younger generation also had its great masters Dr. V. Sitharamaiah, Dr. V.K. Gokak and Dr. K.V.
like T. Chowdaiah, who evolved the seven Puttappa (Kuvempu). Govinda Pai was the pioneer
stringed violin and B. Devendrappa. There were in discarding the rhyme (1911,) Gopalakrishna
great classical dancers like Jatti Thayamma Adiga, through his Navya style poems, opened a
and Muguru Subbanna in princely Mysuru. new vista in poetic composition. Modern Kannada
,Q WKH ÀHOG RI GUDPD 0\VXUX saw great artists play had its pioneers like B.M. Srikantaiah,
like Varadacharya, Gubbi Veeranna, Subbayya Samsa, Kailasam, Sreeranga and Shivaram
Naidu, Smt. Malavalli Sundaramma Natakada .DUDQWK 3XEOLFDWLRQ RI (SLJUDSKLD &DUQDWLFD
Subbanna and M.K. Nanjappa. There were volumes covering epigraphs from all districts
equally great artists from North Karnataka area by Rice and R. Narasimchar is a pioneering
like Shirahatti Venkoba Rao, Garuda Sadashiv and unparalleled achievement of the erstwhile
Rao and Vamanarao Master Kailasam and Ballari Mysuru State. Dr. R. Shama Shastry (who traced
Raghava were great amateur artists. Kannada the manuscript of Kautilya’s Arthashasthra in
ÀOPV WRR DSSHDUHG 7KH 1RUWK .DUQDWDND DUHD the Oriental Research Institute at Mysuru) and
had great Hindusthani vocalists like Savay Prof. M. Hiriyanna by their Indological studies,
Gandharva (Rambhau Kundgolkar), Panchakshari brought world fame to Mysuru and Karnataka.
Gavayi, Puttaraja Gavayi and Mallikarjuna Printing became widespread. Newspapers
Mansur. Painting also received patronage at the played an important role, helping literary
hands of the Mysuru prince. The Prince even sent JURZWK VSUHDGLQJ PRGHUQ DQG VFLHQWLÀF LGHDV
K. Venkatappa to Shantiniketana for training propagating patriotism and progressive social
and this painter won world renown. He was also views and trying to encourage everything that is
a sculptor. Another noted sculptor from Mysuru good in arts. In Mysuru, M. Venkatakrishnaiah
was Siddalingaswamy. The Chamarajendra was running ‘Vritthantha Chinthamani’ (1885).
Technological Institute was founded at Mysuru The ‘Mysuru Standard”, the ‘Mysuru Star’ etc,
to train artists, and Jaganmohan Palace was were some other, newspapers from Mysuru State.
converted into an art gallery. The traditional 139
Coastal Karnataka had the ‘Suvasini’ (1900), The
Krishnasukti (1905), and the ‘Swadeshabhimani’ Swadeshi movement, following ‘Vangabhanga’
(1907). The Karnataka Vrittha’ (1890), (edited or Partition of Bengal) and 15 people were
by Mudavidu Krishna Rao), the ‘Kannada Kesari imprisoned. National Schools were founded at
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
(Hubballi 1902) the ‘Rajahamsa’ (Dharwad, 1891) Belagavi, Dharwad, Hubballi, and Vijayapura.
and Karnataka Vaibhava (Vijayapura 1897) Theosophists earlier had founded the National
were the periodicals from North Karnataka. The High School at Bengaluru in 1917.
freedom movement stimulated the publication of
Gandhiji’s Early Visits to Karnataka
many new newspapers.
Meanwhile, on returning from South Africa
Fight for Freedom in 1915, when Gandhiji (1869-1948), visited
When the Indian National Congress was founded Madras, at the request of D.V. Gundappa, he
in 1885, although Kolachalam Venkata Rao made a short visit to Bengaluru on May 8th
of Ballari, Bhavu Saheb Bhate from Belagavi 1915, to unveil the portrait of Gopala Krishna
and Sabhapathy Modaliar attended the meeting Gokhale, and on his way to Bengaluru, earlier
by representing Karnataka, Narayana Rao he was garlanded and honoured on the platform
&KDQGDYDUNDU ZKR ZDV WKHQ LQ (QJODQG FRXOG at the Bangarapet Railway Station by thelocal
not attend it. When the struggle for freedom was *XMDUDWL PHUFKDQWV ,Q IDFW WKLV ZDV KLV ÀUVW
in full action in other parts of British India, it visit to the Princely State of Mysuru. In 1916,
could raise its head in Princely State of Mysuru KH YLVLWHG %HODJDYL DQG VWD\HG WKHUH IRU ÀYH
RQO\ DIWHU V· $V D UHVXOW WKH )UHHGRP days by inaugurating the Bombay State Political
0RYHPHQW DQG WKH GHPDQG IRU 8QLÀFDWLRQ RI &RQIHUHQFH /DWHU WKH ÀUVW .DUQDWDND 6WDWH
Karnataka became very strong in Karnataka after Political Conference was held at Dharwad in
1920. They are the climax of the trends witnessed 1920, and according to its decision, nearly 800
in renascent Karnataka. The freedom movement people from Karnataka attended the Nagpur
LQÁXHQFHGOLWHUDWXUHMRXUQDOLVPDUWVLQGXVWULHV Congress in 1920. At Nagpur, Karnataka secured
and even society. It sponsored with great zeal, the a separate provincial Congress Committee (1921)
programme of eradication of untouchability and and Gangadhara Rao Deshpande of Belagavi was
emancipation of Women. PDGHWKHÀUVW.3&&3UHVLGHQW,QWKHPHDQWLPH
as a part of Khilafat Movement, Gandhi visited
The achievement of social unity and undoing Bengaluru on 11-8-1920 and after addressing the
on a large scale of caste prejudices was also public speech, he left for Madras. A week later,
the work of the movement. The Veerashaiva while returning from his Madras tour, Gandhi
Mahasabha (1904), the Vokkaligara Sangha (1906) visited Kasaragod and Mangaluru on 19-8-1920.
and other such organisations helped to spread During the same year, on November 7th, Gandhi
education and the creation of a consciousness visited Nippani, Chikkodi, Hukkeri, Sankeshwar
of their rights among the backward classes. and halted at Belagavi. On 10th November, he
In 1917 was founded the Praja Mitra Mandali in visited Dharwad and on the following day after
Mysuru and in 1920 Brahmanetara Parishat at addressing the gatherings at Hubballi and Gadag,
Hubballi with similar goals was started. Though he left for Miraj. During 1921, he visited Bagalkot,
these movements were against Congress which Vijayapura and Kolhar on 27th and 28th May.
spearheaded freedom struggle, but in the long In the same year, unavoidable circumstances
run, they whole-heartedly joined Congress in forced him to stay at Ballari Railway Station
its struggle for freedom. Prior to it, four persons for few hours on 30th September night. Later he
(one from Belagavi and three from Ballari) from proceeded to Guntkal in the morning. Meanwhile,
.DUQDWDND ZHQW WR DWWHQG WKH ÀUVW VHVVLRQ RI Non-Co-operation Movement of 1921-22 saw
Congress at Bombay in 1885. The impact of many lawyers giving up their practice and
Bala Gangadhara Tilak and his journal ‘Kesari’ many students boycotting schools and colleges.
on Karnataka was great. The Bombay State Khilaphat Movement was also launched with
Political Conferences were held at Dharwad this. Nearly 50 National Schools were started in
(1903), Belagavi (1916), and Vijayapura (1918) Karnataka and over 70 persons from the British
in North Karnataka area, which were then under 'LVWULFWV FRXUWHG DUUHVW 3LFNHWHUV ZHUH ÀUHG RQ
the Bombay Presidency. There was picketing in Dharwad and Bengaluru, and three Khilaphat
140
of liquor shops in Belagavi in 1907 (during the workers died in Dharwad and two in Bengaluru
Cantonment. In the meantime, Dr. Hardikar from
Karnataka organised Hindusthani Seva Dal, a
voluntary corps with Hubballi as its all-India
headquarters. The Belagavi (39th meet) Congress
of 1924 (20th December to 27th December), the
only Congress session ever presided over by
Gandhiji, was a grand success. Moreover it was
largely responsible in bringing public awakening
among the people in the State. Gangadhara
Rao Deshpande, Hanumanta Rao Kaujalgi and
Shrinivasarao Kaujalgi of Vijayapura, Tekur of
Ballari and Karnad Sadashiva Rao of Mangaluru
were some of the early leaders of Congress from
Karnataka. Nippani (31st March) and in the course of it he
Gandhiji in Karnataka (1927) fell ill with a slight paralysis stroke. On the
Meanwhile, Gandhi undertook the Khadi doctor’s advise, (1st April) he left Belagavi to
campaign tour in 1927. As a part of it he visited Amboli (Maharashtra) for rest. Nevertheless,
Gandhi at Yeshwanthpur Railway Station 1927 Gandhi in Milk Dairy Bengaluru 1927
Gandhi in conversation with Dr.H.Narasimhaiah 1936 Gandhi at Malleshwaram Association 1934 141
EHLQJ XQVDWLVÀHG WKHUH KH OHIW IRU 1DQGL YLD toured Karnataka as a part of his programme
Belagavi on 19th April and reached Nandi on 20- of upliftment of Harijans in 1934 and 1936. By
04-1927. In Nandi he rested for 45 days (20-4- then, Harijan Sevak Sangh’s Karnataka unit was
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
1927 to 05-6-1927) and reached Bengaluru founded with Sardar Veeranagauda Patil as the
via Chikkaballapur on 5th June 1927, where he President.
stayed upto 30-8-1927. During his long stay at
Gandhiji in Karnataka (1934)
Bengaluru, he made brief trips to Yelahanka (2-
During his 1934 tour, Gandhi visited
7-1927), Tumakuru and Madhugiri (14th to 16th);
Vidhuraswatha, Gowribidanur, Doddaballapur,
Mysuru, KRS, K.R. Nagar and Shrirangapattana
Tumakuru, Tyamagondalu, Nelamangala,
and returned to Mysuru (23rd July); Ramanagara
Bengaluru and halted at Mysuru on 4-1-
and Kanakapura (31st July and 1st August);
1934; visited Tagadur, Badanawal, Nanjanagud
Arasikere (2nd August); Holenarasipur and Hassan
and halted at Mysuru (5thJanuary); proceeded
(3rd and 4th August); Davangere (12th August);
to Mandya Sugar town, Maddur, Besagarahalli,
Harihara, Honnali and Malebennur (13th August);
Shivapura, Somanahalli, Channapatna,
Shivamogga (14th and 15th); Ayyanuru, Kumshi,
Ramanagara, Kanakapura, Bidadi, Kengeri and
Kerodi, Anandapur and Sagar (16th August);
reached Bengaluru (6th January). On 10th left
Thirthalli, Mandagadde, Gajanur and halted at
for Vallavi Kote and after touring Tamil Nadu,
Shivamogga (17th August); Bhadravathi, Kadur
visited Mysuru, Tittimatti, Ikkeri, Ponnampet,
and Birur (18th August); Chikkamagaluru (19th
and Hudigere (22nd )HE YLVLWHG 9LUDMSHW %HOOXU
August); Belur, Halebid and Arasikere (20th
Somwarpet, Gundagutti, and halted at Madakeri
August) and ultimately left Bengaluru for Vellore
(23rd )HE 3URFHHGHG WR 6DPSDMH 6XOOLD
on 30-8-1927.
Puttur, Uppinangadi, Vittala, Kannadaka, Pane
Civil Disobedience Movement Mangaluru, Bantwal and halted at Mangaluru
Later, according to the Civil Disobedience
Movement launched by Gandhiji on 6th April 1930;
it began in Karnataka with Salt Sathyagraha at
Ankola, on 13th $SULO DV À[HG HDUOLHU WR
remember the Jalian walabagh incident of 1919.
Various law-breaking programmes like Jungle
Sathyagraha, Picketing of liquor shops, Non-
SD\PHQW RI 3DVWXUH 7D[ KXOOXEDQQL DQG ÀQDOO\
No-Tax Campaign when peasants refused to
pay land revenue followed it. Over 2,000 people
courted arrest in the British districts with the
Belagavi District’s quota being the biggest i.e.,
750. The movement was resumed in 1932 after
the nine-month lull, following the Gandhi-Irwin
Pact, with greater vigour. The No-Tax Campaign Primary School, Haveri
launched in Siddapura and Ankola taluks was
an epic struggle. The lands of over 800 families
ZHUH FRQÀVFDWHG DQG SHRSOH ZHQW WR MDLO
in Uttara Kannada alone; among them were one
hundred women, and most of them were illiterate
and even conservative widows with shaven heads.
They got their lands back only in1939, and till
then they suffered in silence. Programmes and
propaganda to eradicate untouchability were
launched in Karnataka, when Gandhiji undertook
a fast over the issue in 1932. The highlight of
the programmes in Karnataka was to make the
Harijans to enter the Marikamba Temple of Sirsi
142
and the Basavangudi of Bengaluru. Gandhiji also Foundation Stone of the School, Haveri
(24th)HEUXDU\ 1H[WGD\YLVLWHG*XUXSXUD
Bajpe, Katilu, Kengoli, Mulki, Padabidri, Kapu,
Katapadi, Udayavara, Udupi, Brahmavara (25th
)HEUXDU\ DQG KDOWHG DW .XQGDSXU th and
26th )HEUXDU\ /HIW IRU %KDWNDO +RQQDYDUD
Kadri and halted at Karwar (27th); Next morning
went to Binaga, Chandiya, Ankola, Hiregutti,
Mandageri, Kumta, Ammanpalli, Hegde and
halted at Sirsi (28th )HEUXDU\ .DQDVXU
Siddapur, Dasanakoppa, Isur, Yakkambi,
Samasagi, Akki Alur, Devi Hosur, Haveri, Byadgi,
Motebennur, Murughamut and halted at Haveri
(1st March); next day visited Ranebennur,
Harihara, Davanagere, Duggatti, Bennihal,
Harapanahalli, Kottur, Kudligi, Kanavihalli Morteyars Memorial, Vidhurashwatha
and halted at Sandur (2nd March); proceeded to Later in 1936, due to High Blood Pressure,
Ballari, Hosapete, Bhanapura, Gadag, Jakkali Gandhiji again fell ill. He was advised to take
and halted at Hubballi (3rd March); proceeded rest. Hence, he came to stay at Nandi Hills
further to Dharwad, Marewada, Amminabhavi, during May 1936. During this stay, (11th May-
Moraba, Harobidi, Inam Hongala, Uppina 30th May) he recovered speedily. On 31st May he
Betageri, Hirehullekere, Saundatti, Gural Hosur, left Nandi and reached Bengaluru, after visiting
Bailhongal, Sampagaon and Bagewadi (4th March) Chikballapur, Sidlaghatta, Chintamani, Kolar,
halted at Belagavi (4th and 5th March); visited %DQJDUSHWDQG.*)WKHVDPHQLJKWYLD0DOXUKH
Tondekatte and returned to Belagavi (6th March); reached Bengaluru and stayed there upto 10-6-
visited Yamakanamaradi, Ontamuri, Hukkeri, 1936. After visiting Kengeri he left for Madras on
Gokak, and Sankeshwar, Gadi hingalga and 11-6-1936. This was his last visit to Bengaluru
Hattikanagale in Maharashtra Nippani, Bhoj, and Princely State of Mysuru. Later, during 1937
Havinhal, Kotahalli, Dholagarawadi, Chikkodi, April, Gandhi visited Hudali (in Belagavi District),
Ankali and halted at Shedbal (7th March). On an important Khadi Centre, to inaugurate the
8th March after visiting Mangasuli, Banahatti, .KDGL([KLELWLRQ+HVWD\HGWKHUHIURPth April
Athani, Honnawad, Tikota, Toravi, Vijayapura and to 21st April. It was his last visit to Karnataka.
Ilkal; via Jorapur proceeded towards Hyderabad. After this, until his death in 1948, somehow,
This tour of more than two months duration he could not visit the region that was one of his
brought social awareness and the downtrodden favourite and affectionate regions in the Country.
mass (whom he called Harijans) started gaining However, Gandhi’s several visits to various parts
VHOIFRQÀGHQFHDQGPRUDOFRXUDJH of Karnataka undoubtedly inspired the people of
Karnataka.
Gandhiji’s later Visits to Karnataka (1936 &
1937) Flag Satyagraha
Amidst all these, although there were no
agitations in Princely State till 1937, the people
of Mysuru State founded Mysuru Congress in
WKDW \HDU DQG ODXQFKHG WKH )ODJ 6DW\DJUDKD
LQ $SULO E\ RUJDQLVLQJ WKH ÀUVW VHVVLRQ RI
the Mysuru Congress at Shivapura (Mandya
District). The Vidhurashwatha (Kolar District)
tragedy followed soon (25th April 1938), in which
10 were killed by SROLFHÀUH7KLVZDVIROORZHGE\
the forest satyagraha movement, also insisting
for responsible government in the Princely State
(1939). More than 1200 persons were imprisoned
during the movement. T.Siddalingaiah, H.C.
Dasappa, S.Siddayya, K.C.Reddy, H.K.Veeranna 143
Satyagraha Soudha, Shivapur, Maddur
Gowda, K.T. Bhashyam, T.Subramanyam, K. Chief Ministers in the erstwhile Mysuru State.
Hanumanthaiah, S. Nijalingappa, M.N. Jois and To Hanumanthaiah goes the credit of raising
Smt. Yashodhara Dasappa were some of the Vidhana Soudha, the biggest building in granite
KARNATAKA
of modern times. Daily newspapers like the
HAND BOOK OF
important leaders of Mysuru Congress. Similarly,
the Hyderabad Congress was launched in 1938, ‘Taruna Karnataka’ (Hubballi), the ‘Samyuktha
and it made a strong demand for responsible Karnataka’, (Belagavi, and later Hubballi),
JRYHUQPHQW ,Q .*) DOVR WKLV DJLWDWLRQ ZDV the ‘Janavani’, the Tayinadu’, ‘Navajeevana’,
launched in 1939 and curfew was clamped in ‘Veerakesari and ‘Vishwa Karnataka’ (all from
mines area. Likewise, in other Princely States of Bengaluru) and ‘Kodagu’ (Weekly) from Madikeri
Karnataka also, a strong demand for responsible rendered yeoman service to the movement.
government was launched under the guidance of Women also came to the fore and participated in
the National Congress. processions and the picketing of liquor shops and
pro-British establishments braved lathi blows
“Quit India Movement” 1942-43 and went to jail with babies in arm. Mention may
The Quit India Movement saw unprecedented be made of Kamaladevi Chattopadhyaya, Umabai
awakening in Karnataka. Students in all Kundapur, Krishnabai Panjekar, Yashodhara
colleges and schools went on strike. Labourers Dasappa, Siddamma Ballari and Gauramma
in Bengaluru and other places, numbering over Venkataramaiah, who were in the forefront of the
30,000 also struck work for over two weeks. Over movement.
50 people (of whom 11 from Bengaluru alone)
IHOO YLFWLPV WR ÀULQJ E\ WKH SROLFH 6HYHQ IURP 8QLÀFDWLRQRI.DUQDWDND
Bailhongal, seven from Davangere, six from After independence, persistent efforts were
Shravanabelagola were martyrs of the Quit PDGH IRU WKH 8QLÀFDWLRQ RI .DUQDWDND 7KH
India Movement. Death of Mailara Mahadevappa PRYHPHQW IRU 8QLÀFDWLRQ KDG EHHQ LQIDFW
and two of his companions in Haveri District was launched together with the movement for
a serious tragedy. The Isur village in Shivamogga freedom in Karnataka. Before independence,
district, which demonstrated unbridled fury Karnataka had been distributed among as
many as 20 different administrations like
DJDLQVWWKH%ULWLVKKDGÀYHRILWVKHURHVKDQJHG
Mysuru State, Madras Presidency, Bombay
Some 15,000 people (out of which 10,000 from
Presidency, Nizam State, Kodagu, Kolhapur,
Princely Mysuru alone) went to jail in 1942-43
Sangli, Meeraj, Chikkameeraj, Kurundawada,
from Karnataka. Dharwad, Vijayapura, Belagavi,
Chikka Kurundawad, Jamkhandi, Mudhol,
Dakshina Kannada and Uttara Kannada areas,
Jath, Akkalakot, Aundh, Ramdurg, Sondur and
evidenced heroic sabotage and subversive works
Savanur principalities; Bengaluru, Belagavi
by organised group of patriots, which became
and Ballari Cantonments; and the handicaps
famous as “Karnataka Pattern” praised even by
and sufferings of the people of Karnataka in
Jayaprakash Narayan.
those days were severe. In a Kannada area like
Mysuru Chalo November (1947) Mudhol, ruled by a Maratha Prince, there were
(YHQ DIWHU ,QGLD EHFRPLQJ IUHH LQ no Kannada Schools and the administration was
Hyderabad Karnataka region could be liberated conducted in Marathi. This was the case with
only after the Police Action in 1948. Among the men many Maratha States. In Hyderabad State,
who organised Congress, Ramananda Teertha, Urdu dominated. In big British Presidencies like
Janardanrao Desai, G.Ramachar, Krishnacharya Bombay or Madras, where Kannada districts
Joshi, A. Shivamurthy Swamy, and Sharanagouda were few and the Kannadigas were in a minority,
Inamdar were the noted leaders from Hyderabad their sufferings were many. They had no just
Karnataka area. In Mysuru State an agitation share in the development activities. They could
called “Mysuru Chalo” was launched for the not secure minimum facilities like roads or
establishment of responsible government. The EULGJHV (YHU\ZKHUH WKH YRLFH RI WKH .DQQDGLJD
agitation succeeded, and a team of ministers was a voice in the wilderness.
headed by K.Chengalaraya Reddy as the Chief The Renaissance had also created a strong
Minister, took charge of the administration in \HDUQLQJIRU8QLÀFDWLRQ'KDUZDGZDVWKHFHQWUH
October 1947. Later K. Hanumanthaiah (1952) of the movement, and Alur Venkatarao was the
144 and Kadidal Manjappa (1956) succeeded him as brain behind it. He had supporters like Mudavidu
Krishnarao, Kadapa Raghavendra Rao and A.J.Doddameti and Mangalavede Srinivasa Rao
Gadigayya Honnapurmath. The Karnataka as its secretaries. Later, its name was changed
Sahithya Parishat was founded (1915) at LQ DV ¶.DUQDWDND (NLNDUDQD 6DQJKD·
Bengaluru partially by the efforts of these However, the Dhar Committee appointed by
people, and it provided a forum for the writers the Central Government to look into this issue,
and intellectuals of Karnataka. The writers and gave adverse report. This report was strongly
Journalists met annually at the Kannada Literary opposed at the Jayapur Congress Session in
&RQIHUHQFHRUJDQL]HGE\WKH3DULVKDWDQGÀQDOO\ 7R ÀQG VROXWLRQ D QHZ FRPPLWWHH -93
WKH ÀUVW .DUQDWDND 6WDWH 3ROLWLFDO &RQIHUHQFH under Jawaharlal Nehru, Vallabhbhai Patel and
held at Dharwad (1920) decided to agitate for Pattabhi Seetharamaiah was constituted in 1948
8QLÀFDWLRQ WKURXJK WKH &RQJUHVV RUJDQLVDWLRQ and in 1949, it recommended for the creation of
too. The Nagpur Congress agreed to establish the Andhra Pradesh only. The Kannadigas continued
.3&& LQ WKDW \HDU 7KXV 8QLÀFDWLRQ LQLWLDOO\ the agitation further, and when in 1953 Andhra
an idea of the Kannada writers and journalists, Pradesh was formed, Ballari district was
VHFXUHG WKH VXSSRUW RI WKH SROLWLFLDQV 7KH ÀUVW handed over to Mysuru State. People like Gorur,
8QLÀFDWLRQ &RQIHUHQFH ZDV KHOG DW %HODJDYL LQ Kuvempu and others inspired through their
1924 during the Belagavi Congress, with Siddappa speech and writings. C.M.Poonaccha, worked
Kambli as its president. Nine such conferences for the merger of Kodagu state with Mysuru.
were held between 1926 and 1947 at Ballari Political leaders like S.Nijalingappa, Andanappa
(1926) and 1936) Dharwar (1928, 1933, 1944), Doddameti, K.Hanumantaiah; Thinkers like
Belagavi (1929), Hukkeri (1931), Solhapur (1940), Sir.M.Vishveswarayya and others propagated for
Mumbai (1946) and Kasargod (1947) respectively. WKHXQLÀFDWLRQLQROG0\VXUX6WDWH,Q WKH
In the meantime, Hindustani Sevadal founded Akhanda Karnataka Rajya Nirmana Parishat, a
(1923) by Dr.N.S.Hardikar started the signature newly founded party with K.R. Karanth as the
FDPSDLJQ IRU XQLÀFDWLRQ LQ DQG QHDUO\ President, had to launch a major Sathyagraha
and more than 5,000 people courted arrest.
36,000 people signed for it. In 1928, the Jawaharlal
Leaders like Jinaraja Hedge, Channappa
Nehru Committee strongly recommended for
wali, Chinmayaswamy Omkarmath were its
the formation of a separate Karnataka Province.
PHPEHUV )LQDOO\ WKH )D]O $OL &RPPLVVLRQ ZDV
/LWHUDU\ ÀJXUHV OLNH '5 %HQGUH 6KDPED
appointed, in December 1953 and according to its
Joshi, Betageri Krishnasharma, Sriranga, Panje
recommendations, linguistically united Mysuru
Mangeshrao, Govindapai, Shivarama Karanth,
State (later to be named as Karnataka in 1973)
Ti.Tha Sharma, D.V.Gundappa, Kapataral
came into existence on 1st November 1956 and
Krishnarao, Taranath, B. Shivamurthy Shastry,
S.Nijalingappa became its Chief Minister. Later,
V.N.Gokak, A.N.Krishna Rao, B.M.Sri, Kuvempu,
during D. Devaraj Urs’s regime, the State’s name
Gorur Ramaswamy Iyengar and others gave
was changed as ‘Karnataka’, a long-cherished
inspiration through their writings. Kannada
aspiration of the Kannadigas on Nov. 1st. 1973.
Newspapers and Kannada organisations also
ZRUNHG KDUG IRU XQLÀFDWLRQ ODWHU .DUQDWDND General Elections in Karnataka
FDPH XQGHU ÀYH GLIIHUHQW DGPLQLVWUDWLRQV LQ After the Promulgation of the Indian
1947,viz., (1) Bombay (2) Madras (3) Kodagu Constitution on 26th -DQXDU\ WKH ÀUVW
(4) Mysuru and (5) Hyderabad states (instead *HQHUDO(OHFWLRQZDVKHOGLQ IRUWKH&HQWUDO
of 20). Minor Princely States like Jamkhandi, and State legislatures to elect the democratic
Ramadurg, Mudhol, Sandur etc. numbering 15, government. Accordingly, there were only nine
merged with the neighbouring districts soon parliamentary (including the two Double member)
after independence. At the time of its merger, constituency and 80 (including the 19 Double
Jamkhandi state had B.D. Jatti as its Chief member) constituencies in the state. The election
0LQLVWHU )URP 8QLÀFDWLRQ ZDV D GHPDQG UHVXOWVLQWKH6WDWHUHÁHFWWKHSROLWLFDOPRRGDQG
that had to be urged upon the Government of changes in the administrative setup of the State.
India. At the same time, the legislatures of Mumbai While furnishing the results for the 1952, 1957,
and Madras States accepted the resolution for 1962 and 1967 elections, political parties, which
the creation of linguistic provinces in 1947. The have secured seats in the elections alone, is given.
¶.DUQDWDND (NLNDUDQD 0DKD 6DPLWL· IRUPHG LQ After 1972 the number of candidates contested
145
1947 had S.Nijalingappa as the president with and elected from each party and the percentage
RI YRWHV REWDLQHG E\ WKHP DUH DOVR JLYHQ )URP Mahadevapura (SC) and Bengaluru south
1998 onwards election statistics given include in Bengaluru Urban district; K.R.Puram,
details relating to male and female contestants of Mahalakshmi Layout, Hebbal, Sarvajnanagar,
KARNATAKA
HDFKSDUW\DOVR$VSHUWKH(OHFWLRQ&RPPLVVLRQ·V C.V.Raman Nagar (SC); RajajiNagar,
HAND BOOK OF
direction, the size of the Council of Minsters is Govindarajanagar, Vijayanagar, Padmanabha
restricted to only 15 per cent of the total elected Nagar and Bommanahalli in BBMP; Melukote
members of the legislature and accordingly the in Mandya district; Varuna in Mysuru district;
state government can have a Ministry restricted Mangaluru (south) and Mangaluru (north) in
to 34 members since 2004. Dakshina Kannada district, Davanagere (south)
and Davanagere (north) in Davanagere district;
Subsequently, the Delimitation Commission
Hagari Bommanahalli Vijayanagar, Kampli,
of India, vide its order No.49 dated 14th June
Ballari (ST) in Ballari district; Shivamogga
2007 has determined that the total number of
(Rural) in Shivamogga district; Maski (ST) in
Parliamentary seats allocated to Karnataka is
Raichur district, Yellapur in Uttara Kannada;
VHDWV RIZKLFKÀYH VHDWVVKDOOEHUHVHUYHG
Kudachi, Yamakanamaradi, Belagavi (north),
for Scheduled Castes and two (2) seats shall
be reserved for the Scheduled Tribes. It has Belagavi (south) and Soundatti Yallamma in
assigned 224 (excluding One nomination) seats to Belagavi district; Terdal in Bagalkot district;
the legislative assembly of the State. Of which Devara Hipparagi Bableshwara and Nagathana
thirtysix (36) seats is reserved for the Scheduled in Vijayapura district; Kalaburagi (Rural) and
&DVWHV DQG ÀIWHHQ VHDWV IRU WKH 6FKHGXOHG Kalaburagi (north) in Kalaburagi district; Bidar
Tribes. 6RXWK LQ%LGDUGLVWULFW +XEEDOOL'KDUZDU(DVW
and Hubballi-Dharwar west in Dharwad district
According to the Delimitation act 2007, some were the newly reconstituted legislative assembly
constituencies like Huliyurdurga, Kallambella seats in the State.
and Bellavi in Tumakuru districts; Bethamangala
(SC) and Vemgal in Kolar district; Binnipet, Among the 28 Parliamentary seats in the State,
Jayamahal, Bharathinagar in Bruhat Bengaluru the Udupi and Chikkamagaluru Parliamentary
Mahanagara palike; Uttarahalli and Vartur in constituencies have been clubbed together and
Bengaluru district; Satanur in Ramangara named after Udupi. Out of the Bengaluru South
district; Kiragavalu, Keragodu and Pandavapura and Bengaluru North constituencies, a new
in Mandya district; Gandse in Hassan district; constituency viz. Bengaluru Central has been
Somavarpet in Kodagu district; Bannur in Mysuru carved. Kanakapura constituency is renamed
district; Santemarahalli in Chamarajanagar as Bengaluru Rural. Haveri and Dharwad
district; Vitla, Ullal and Suratkal in Dakshina constituencies were renamed as Dharwad South
Kannada district; Bharamsagara (SC) in and Dharwad North respectively. The Mangaluru
Chitradurga district; Brahmavara in Udupi constituency is renamed as South Canara.
district; Kurugodu, Kottur and Hosapete, in ([FOXGLQJ WKH DERYH FRQVWLWXHQFLHV RWKHUV
Ballari district; Hole Honnur (SC) and Hosanagar continue with the same nomenclature.
in Shivamogga district; Birur in Chikkamagaluru However, as far as the extent of the constituencies
district; Kalmala in Raichur district; Ankola in is concerned there are few alternations.
Uttarakannada district; Sadalga, Unchagaon, According to the new schedule, if Vijayapura,
Bagewadi, Sankeshwar and Parasgadh in Belagavi Kalaburagi, Chitradurga, Chamrajanagar and
district; Guledgud in Bagalkot district; Huvina Kolar constituencies are declared as reserved
Hippargi, Tikota and Ballolli in Vijayapura for Scheduled Castes, Ballari and Raichur
district; Kamalapur (SC) and Shahabad (SC) in constituencies are declared reserved for Scheduled
Kalaburagi district; Hulsoor (SC) in Bidar district; Tribes.
Dharwad (R) in Dharwar district and Mundargi in
Gadag district, have been distributed either to the Among the 224 Legislative Assembly seats
neighbouring constituencies or else reconstituted 1) Kudachi, 2) Raibag in Belagavi; 3) Mudhol
and named a new. in Bagalkot; 4) Nagathan in Vijayapura; 5)
Chitapur, 6) Chincholi and 7) Kalaburagi
Accordingly Tumakuru rural in Tumakuru
Rural in Kalaburagi; 8) Aurad (Bidar): 9)
146 district; Bangarpet (SC) in Kolar district;
Lingasugur (Raichur); 10) Kanakagiri (Koppal);
Byatarayanapura, Yeshvantapura, Dasarahalli,
11) Shirahatti (Gadag); 12) Haveri; 13) Hadagali is placed inside the voting compartment. Instead
and 14) Hagaribommanahalli in Ballari RI LVVXLQJ D EDOORW SDSHU WKH 3ROOLQJ 2IÀFHU LQ
district; 15) Holalkere (Chitradurga); 16) charge of the Control Unit will press the Ballot
Mayakonda (Davanagere); 17) Shivamogga rural Button. This will enable the voter to cast his vote
(Shivamogga) 18) Mudigere (Chikkamagaluru); by pressing the blue button on the Balloting Unit
19) Pavagada (Tumakuru); 20) Koratagere; 21) against the candidate and symbol of his choice.
0XOEDJDO .*) DQG %DQJDUSHW .RODU
7KH FRQWUROOHU XVHG LQ (90V KDV LWV RSHUDWLQJ
23) Pulakeshinagar 24) C.V.Raman nagar 25)
program etched permanently in silicon at the
Mahadevapura 26) Anekal (Bengaluru Urban)
time of manufacturing by the manufacturer. No
27) Devanahalli 28) Nelamangala (Bengaluru
one (including the manufacturer) can change the
Rural) 29) Malavalli (Mandya); 30) Sakaleshpur
SURJUDP RQFH WKH FRQWUROOHU LV SUHSDUHG (90V
(Hassan) 31) Sullia (South Canara) 32) Nanjangud are powered by an ordinary Six-volt alkaline
and 33) T.Narasipur (Mysuru), 34) Kollegala EDWWHU\ PDQXIDFWXUHG E\ %KDUDW (OHFWURQLFV
(Chamarajnagar) are reserved for Schedule /WG %HQJDOXUX DQG (OHFWURQLF &RUSRUDWLRQ RI
Castes; The 1)Yamakanamaradi (Belagavi India Ltd., Hyderabad. This design enables the
district), 2) Surapur (Kalaburagi), 3) Raichur XVH RI (90V WKURXJKRXW WKH FRXQWU\ ZLWKRXW
Rural 4) Manvi 5) Maski and 6) Devadurga interruptions because several parts of India do not
(Raichur) 7) Kampli 8) Siruguppa, 9) Ballari, 10) have power supply and/or erratic power supply.
Sandur and Kustagi (Ballari) 11) Challakere, 12) &XUUHQWO\ DQ (90 FDQ UHFRUG D PD[LPXP RI
Jagalur 13) Molakalmuru (Chitradurga) and 14) YRWHVZKLFKLVVXIÀFLHQWIRUDSROOLQJVWDWLRQ
H.D.kote (Mysuru) constituencies are reserved for as they typically have no more than 1400 voters
Scheduled Tribes. assigned.
)RU PRUH GHWDLOV UHJDUGLQJ WKLV 'HOLPLWDWLRQ &XUUHQWO\DQ(90FDQFDWHUWRDPD[LPXP
&RPPLVVLRQ RI ,QGLD·V YLGH 1RWLÀFDWLRQ 1R of 64 candidates. There is provision for 16
KT/2007-V dated 2nd July 2007 (special gazette candidates in a Balloting Unit. If the total number
issue) may be referred; or else it may be obtained of candidates exceeds 16, a second Balloting
DWWKHRIÀFHRIWKH&KLHI(OHFWLRQ&RPPLVVLRQHU 8QLW FDQ EH OLQNHG SDUDOOHO WR WKH ÀUVW %DOORWLQJ
Bengaluru. According to the Constituency Re- Unit and so on till a maximum of 4 units and
organization Committee’s report of 2007, elections 64 candidates. The conventional ballot paper/
were held in the state as per the newly delimited box method of polling is used, if the number of
constituencies based on 2001 census in three candidates exceeds 64.
phases.
It is not possible to vote more than once by
Election Reforms pressing the button repeatedly. As soon as a
7KH (OHFWURQLF 9RWLQJ 0DFKLQHV (90V ZHUH particular button on the Balloting Unit is pressed,
GHYLVHG DQG GHVLJQHG E\ (OHFWLRQ &RPPLVVLRQ the vote is recorded for that particular candidate
of India in collaboration with two Public Sector DQGWKHPDFKLQHJHWVORFNHG(YHQLIRQHSUHVVHV
XQGHUWDNLQJV YL] %KDUDW (OHFWURQLFV /LPLWHG that button further or any other button, no
%HQJDOXUX DQG (OHFWURQLFV &RUSRUDWLRQ RI further vote will be recorded. In this way, the
,QGLD /LPLWHG +\GHUDEDG 7KH (90V DUH QRZ (90V HQVXUH WKH SULQFLSOH RI ´RQH SHUVRQ RQH
manufactured by the above two undertakings. YRWHµ 7KH (90V FDQQRW EH SUHSURJUDPPHG WR
(90VZHUHÀUVWXVHGLQ LQWKHE\HOHFWLRQWR favour a party or a candidate because the order
North Paravur Assembly Constituency of Kerala in which the name of a candidate/party appears
for a limited number of polling stations (50 polling RQWKHEDOORWLQJXQLWGHSHQGVRQWKHRUGHURIÀOLQJ
stations). Indian voting machines use a two-piece of nominations and validity of the candidature,
system with a balloting unit presenting the voter this sequence cannot be predicted in advance.
with a button (momentary switch) for each choice )XUWKHUWKHVHOHFWLRQRI(90VIRUSROOLQJVWDWLRQV
connected by a cable to an electronic ballot box. is randomized by computer selection preventing
$Q (90 FRQVLVWV RI WZR XQLWV &RQWURO 8QLW WKH DGYDQFH NQRZOHGJH RI DVVLJQPHQW RI VSHFLÀF
DQG %DOORWLQJ8QLW$ÀYHPHWHUFDEOHMRLQVWKH (90VWRSROOLQJVWDWLRQV6LQFH(90VZRUNRQD
two units. The Control Unit is with the Presiding 6-volt battery, there is absolutely no risk of any
147
2IÀFHURUD3ROOLQJ2IÀFHUDQd the Balloting Unit voter getting an electric shock.
(OHFWURQLF 9RWLQJ 0DFKLQHV ´(90µ EHLQJ October 2013 has instructed to all the State Chief
started using in India both to the Parliamentary (OHFWLRQ&RPPLVVLRQHUV·WRLQWURGXFH¶1RQHRIWKH
DQG6WDWH(OHFWLRQVWRLPSOHPHQWHOHFWURQLFYRWLQJ Above (NOTA)’ option button, in local language,
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
in part from 1999 elections and in total since displayed at the bottom of the ballot unit display
HOHFWLRQV7KH(90VUHGXFHWKHWLPHLQERWK chart, along with the contesting candidates’ list,
casting a vote and declaring the results, when so that the voter can express his disapproval by
compared to the old paper ballot system. However, pressing the ‘NOTA’ button. Accordingly, this
(90VKDYHEHHQXQGHUDFORXGRIVXVSLFLRQRYHU provision has been introduced in the General
their alleged tamparability and security problems 3DUOLDPHQWDU\(OHFWLRQ
during elections (especially after the 2009 general
elections). After rulings of Delhi High Court, The Loka Sabha and Legislative Assembly
Supreme Court and demands from various (OHFWLRQUHVXOWVRI.DUQDWDNDIURP WR
SROLWLFDOSDUWLHV(OHFWLRQ&RPPLVVLRQGHFLGHGWR is given here. More information about all the
LQWURGXFH (90V ZLWK 9RWHUYHULÀHG SDSHU DXGLW HOHFWLRQV PD\ EH REWDLQHG IURP WKH RIÀFH RI WKH
trail (VVPAT) system. &KLHI(OHFWLRQ&RPPLVVLRQHU%HQJDOuru.
On 8th 2FWREHU (OHFWLRQ &RPPLVVLRQ 1. Lok Sabha, 1952:%HIRUHXQLÀFDWLRQ
appointed an expert technical committee headed there were only Nine constituencies and of them,
by Prof P.V. Indiresan (former Director of IIT-M) two were Double member Constituencies. Of them,
when at an all-party meeting, majority of political 10 were secured by INC and the remaining one
parties backed the proposal to have a VVPAT in was won by Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party (KMPP).
(90V WR FRXQWHU WKH FKDUJHV RI WDPSHULQJ 7KH 2. Vidhana Sabha, 1952: During this election,
committee was asked to examine the possibility there were 80 constituencies and of them 19 were
of introduction of paper trail so that voters can double member constituencies. Of the 99 seats,
get a printout that will show symbol of the party 72 seats won by INC, nine seats went to KMPP
to which the vote was cast. After studying the and eleven seats won by Independents. SOP
issue, the committee recommended introduction VHFXUHGIRXU6&)VHFXUHG7ZRDQG&3,VHFXUHG
of VVPAT system. On 21st -XQH (OHFWLRQ one seat.3. Lok Sabha, 1957: (Total No. of seats
Commission accepted Indiresan committee’s 26) (Double member constituencies 3) Indian
UHFRPPHQGDWLRQV DQG GHFLGHG WR FRQGXFW ÀHOG National Congress-23; Praja Socialist Party-1;
trials of the system. On 26th -XO\ÀHOGWULDO 6FKHGXOHG&DVWHV)HGHUDWLRQ ,QGHSHQGHQWV4.
of VVPAT system was conducted at Ladakh in Legislative Assembly, 1957: (Total No. of seats:
Jammu and Kashmir, Thiruvananthapuram in 208) (Double member constituencies-29) Indian
.HUDOD &KHUUDSXQMHH LQ 0HJKDOD\D (DVW 'HOKL
National Congress-149; Praja Socialist Party-18;
in Delhi and Jaisalmer in Rajasthan.
6FKHGXOHG &DVWHV )HGHUDWLRQ 3HDVDQWV DQG
7KH(OHFWLRQ&RPPLVVLRQRQ th January 2012 Workers Party-2; Communistry of India-1;
RUGHUHG (OHFWURQLFV &RUSRUDWLRQ RI ,QGLD /LPLWHG Independents-36. 5.Lok Sabha, 1962: (Total No.of
DQG %KDUDW (OHFWURQLFV /LPLWHG %(/ WR PDNH seats-26) (Double member constituencies were
(90VWKDWZLOOJHQHUDWHD´SDSHUWUDLOµRIWKHYRWH abolished) Indian National Congress-25; Lok
cast. $FFRUGLQJO\ µ7KH QHZ (90V· SDSHU WUDLO Sevak Sangha-1.
should make the poll process safer and tamper-
6. Legislative Assembly, 1962: (Total No. of
SURRI 7KH (OHFWLRQ &RPPLVVLRQ LV XVLQJ FHQW
seats-208) (Double member constituencies
SHUFHQW (90 VLQFH LQ FRQGXFWLQJ ERWK WKH
were abolished) Indian National Congress-138;
/RN 6DEKD DQG /HJLVODWLYH $VVHPEO\ (OHFWLRQV
Swatantra Party-8; Praja Socialist Party-20;
in the country. It has received appreciation from
DOOVWUDWDRIWKHVRFLHW\7KH(OHFWLRQ&RPPLVLRQ 0DKDUDVKWUD (NLNDUDQD 6DPLWL /RN 6HYDN
is planning to bring more awareness among the Sangha-4; Communist Party of India-3; Socialist
people, of its maximum utility soon. Party-1; Independents-28. Fifth General Election
to the Lok Sabha, 1971: (Total no. of seats-27).
None of the Above (NOTA) Option: The National Congress(J) (Later R) won 27 seats
On the directions of the Supreme Court of India, securing 70.87 percentage of votes. Fifth General
through its judgement dated 27th September Election to the State Legislative Assembly, 1972:
148
WKH (OHFWLRQ &RPPLVVLRQ RI ,QGLD RQ th (No.of seats won-246). National Indian Congress
(I)-165 (52.17%), Indian National Congress due to the death of an Independent candidate.):
Organisation-24 (26.22%), Socialist Party-3 (1.69 Indian National Congress (INC)-22 (41.98%);
%) Communist Party of India (CPM)-3 (0.99%), Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)-4 (28.68%); Janata
Janatha Paksha (JP) (A Local Party)-1 (0.16%). Party-1 (3.95%). Tenth General Election to the
Legislative Assembly, 1994: Total seats: 224:
Sixth General Election to the Lok Sabha,
1977: (No. of seats won-28). Indian National Janata Dal-115 (33.56%); Bharatiya Janata
Congress-26 (56.80%), Bharatiya Lok Dal Party-40 (17%); Indian National Congress-36
(BLD)-2 (38.89%). Sixth General Elections to the (27.40%); C.P.I. (M)-1 (0.49%); AIADMK-1(0.24%);
Legislative Assembly. 1978: No. of seats won- Bharatiya Republican Party-1 (0.13%); Bahujan
224; Indian National Congress-149 (44.25%); Samajawadi Party-1 (0.76%); Karnataka Congress
-DQDWD 3DUW\ )RUPHU %/' ,QGLDQ Party-10 (7.28%); Independents and others-18
National Congress (O)2 (7.99%); Communist Party (10.04%).
of India-3 (1.19%); Republican Party of India-1
Eleventh General Election to the Loksabha, 1996:
(0.18%); Independents -10 ( 7.53%).
Total seats-28: Janata Dal-16 (34.91%); Bharatiya
Seventh General Election to the Lok Sabha, Janatha Party-6 (24.85%); Indian National
1980: No. of seats 28: Indian National Congress Congress-5 (30.29%); Karnataka Congress Party-1
(I)-27 (56.25%); Janata Party-1 (22.93%). Seventh (3.10%). Twelfth General Election to the Loksabha,
General Election to the Legislative Assembly, 1998: Total Seats-28: Bharatiya Janata Party-13
1983: No. of seats-224: Janata Party (JNP)-95 (26.94%); Indian National Congress-9 (36.22%);
(33.90%); Indian National Congress -82 (40.42 Janata Dal-3 (21.69%); Lokashakti-3 (11.5%).
%); Bharatiya Janatha Party (BJP)-18 (7.93%); Thirteenth General Election to the Loksabha, 1999
Communist Party of India (CPI)-3 (1.25%); : Total Seats-28: Indian National Congress-18
Communist Party of India (CPM or Marxist)-3 (45.41%); Bharatiya Janata Party-7 (27.18%);
(0.90%); AIADMK-1 (0.13%); Independents-22 Janatha Dal U-3 (13.25%).
(16.28%).
Eleventh General Election to the Legislative
Eighth General Elections to the Lok Sabha, 1984:
Assembly, 1999: No. of seats-224: Indian National
No. of Seats-28: Indian National Congress-24
Congress-132 (41.06%); Bharatiya Janata
(51.63%); Janata Party (JNP) Headed by Chandra
Party-44 (20.69%); Janatha Dal (United)-19
Shekhar at the National Level-4 (35.05%). Eighth
(13.52%); Janatha Dal (Secular)-9 (10.42%).
General Election to the State Legislative Assembly,
Fourteenth General Election to the Lok Sabha-2004:
1985: No.of seats-224: Janata Party-139
No. of seats-28: Indian National Congress-9;
(43.38%); Indian National Congress-66 (41.10%);
Bharatiya Janatha Party- 17; Janatha Dal
Bharatiya Janata Party-2 (3.84%); Communist
Party of India (CPI)-4 (1.08%); Communist Party (Secular)-2.
of India (CPM)-2 (0.86%); Lok Dal (LKD)-1 (0.42%); Twelfth General Elections to the Vidhana
Independents-8 (11%). Sabha-2004: No. of seats-224: Indian National
Ninth General Election to the Lok Sabha, 1989: Congress-65; Bharatiya Janatha Party-79;
No. of seats-28: Indian National Congress-27 Janatha Dal (United)-5; Janatha Dal (Secular)-58;
(48.90%); Janata Dal (JD)-1 (28.34%). Ninth Kannada Chaluvali Vatal Paksha-; Republic
General Election to the Legislative Assembly, Party of India-1; Communist Party of India (M)-
1989: Total Seats-222: Indian National Congress 1; Muslim League-1; Kannada Nadu Party-1;
-176 (43.77%); Janata Dal-24 (27.30%); Janata Independents-13.
Party-2 (11.40%); Bharatiya Janata Party (JP)-4 6RXUFH &KLHI (OHFWLRQ 2IÀFHU %HQJDOXUX WK JHQHUDO HOHFWLRQV WR
(4.13%); Karnataka Rajya Raita Sangha (KRRS)- Vidhana Soudha – 2008 .
2 (3.63%); A.I.A.D.M.K.-1 (0.18%); Muslim
General elections to Vidhana Sabha-2008: No.
League-1(0.43%); Independents and others-12
of seats-224; Indian National Congress-80
(7.9%).
(34.59%); Bharathiya Janata Party-110 (33.86%);
Tenth General election to the Lok Sabha, 1991: Janatha Dal (S) -28 (19.13%); Independents-6
Total Seats-23 ((OHFWLRQ WR 'KDUZDG 6RXWK (6.92%).
149
Parliamentary Constituency was countermanded 6RXUFH &KLHI(OHFWLRQ2IÀFH%HQJDOXUX
Bye Election 2008: In the by election held Makkala Paksha-1 (0.44%); Sarvodaya Karnataka
during Dec 2008 to the 8 Legislative Assembly Paksha-1 (0.44%); Independent-9 (4.03%).
constituencies viz 1)Madhugiri, 2)Arabhavi 3) Fifteenth General Election to Vidhana Sabha-
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
Maddur 4) Turuvekere 5) Doddaballappur 6) 2018: No. of Seats 224: BJP-104; INC-80; JD
Devadurga 7) Karwar and 8)Hukkeri which fell (S)-37; others-3; The elections were held in 222
vacant due to the resignation of the sitting MLAs, $VVHPEO\ FRQVWLWXHQFLHV (OHFWLRQV LQ 55 1DJDU
excluding the Maddur constituency whose member constituency has been deferred to May 28, while
died unexpectedly. In this election BJP by the elections in Jayanagar constituency have
ZLQQLQJ ÀYH ^$UDEKDYL 'RGGDEDOODSXU +XNNHUL been postponed due to death of BJP MLA and
Kawar and Devadurga} seat has enhanced its contestant B N Vijaykumar.
totally to 115 and JD(S) by winning the remaining
three (Madhugiri, Maddur and Turuvekere) seats Karnataka By-Election Results-2018:
has 25 seats to its credit. Fifteenth Parliamentary Shivamogga Parliamentary Constituency-B
(Lok Sabha) Election-2009: No. of Seats-28; Y Raghavendra-Bharathiya Janatha Party;
Indian National Congress-6; Bharatiya Janatha Ballari (ST) Parliamentary Constituency=
Party-19; Janatha Dal (S)-3. V.S.Ugrappa- Indian National Congress; Mandya
Parliamentary Constituency-L R Shivaramegowda
By Election to vidhana Sabha-2009: During
- Janatha (Dal Secular); Ramanagara Assembly
August 2009 by elections were held to
Constituency-Anitha Kumaraswamy-Janatha Dal
the 1) Chitapur, 2) Govindaraja Nagar, 3)
Channapatna, 4)Ramanagar and 5)Kollegal (Secular); Jamakhandi Assembly Constituency-
constituencies and the result is as follows. If AS Nyamagouda-Indian National Congress.
the Chitapur and Kollegal constituencies are Karnataka By-Election Results-2019:
won by BJP, Ramanagara and Channapatna Kundagol Assembly Constituency-Kusumavati
constituencies went to Janatha Dal (S), and Channabasappa Shivalli-Indian National
Govindaraja Nagar, seat was secured by INC. Congress (49.74%); Chincholi Assembly
Fourteenth General Election to Vidhana Sabha- Constituency-Dr.Avinash Umesh Jadav-
2013 : No. of seats-224. Bharathiya janatha Party (50.29%).
(*Periyapatna constituency election was postponed to 25th May 2013.):
Lok Sabha Elections 2019-Karnataka-No. of
Congress-122 (54.26%); BJP-40 (17.93%); JDS seats-28; Bharatiya Janata Party-25 (51.38%);
(S)-40 (17.93%); KJP-6 (2.69%); BRS Congress-4 Indian National Congress-1 (31.88%); Janata Dal
(1.79%); Samajwadi Party-1 (0.45%); Karnataka (Secular)-1 (9.67%); Independent-1.
Lok Sabha Elections 2019 – Karnataka - Constituency Wise Election Results (Winner/Runner Up)
Parliamentary Total % of % of
Winner Party Runner-up Party
Constituency Votes Votes votes
Gaddigoudar
Bharatiya Janata Indian National
Bagalkot Parvatagouda 664638 55.17 Veena Kashappanavar 41.21
Party Congress
Chandanagouda
Bengaluru Bharatiya Janata Indian National
P. C. Mohan 602853 50.35 Rizwan Arshad 44.43
Central Party Congress
Bengaluru Bharatiya Janata Indian National
D.V. Sadananda Gowda 824500 52.87 Krishna Byregowda 43.41
North Party Congress
Bengaluru Indian National
D.K. Suresh 878258 54.15 Ashwathnarayangowda Bharatiya Janata Party 41.4
Rural Congress
Bharatiya Janata Indian National
Bengaluru South Tejasvi Surya 739229 62.2 B.K.Hariprasad 34.33
Party Congress
Angadi Suresh Chan- Bharatiya Janata Indian National
Belagavi 761991 63.22 Dr.Sadhunavar 30.76
nabasappa Party Congress
Bharatiya Janata Indian National
150 Ballari Y. Devendrappa 616388 50.44 V. S. Ugrappa 45.89
Party Congress
Bharatiya Janata Indian National
Bidar Bhagwanth Khuba 585471 52.41 Eshwar B. Khandre 41.95
Party Congress
Jigajinagi Ramesh Bharatiya Janata Dr. Sunita Devanand Janata Dal
Vijayapura 635867 57.22 34
Chandappa Party Chavan (Secular)
Bharatiya Janata Indian National
Chamarajanagar V. Srinivas Prasad 568537 44.74 R. Dhruvanarayana 44.6
Party Congress
Bharatiya Janata Indian National
Chikkaballapur B.N.Bache Gowda 745912 53.78 M.Veerappa Moily 40.65
Party Congress
Annasaheb Shankar Bharatiya Janata Indian National
Chikkodi 645017 52.98 Prakash Babanna Hukkeri 43.21
Jolle Party Congress
Bharatiya Janata Indian National
Chitradurga A Narayanaswamy 626195 50.26 B N Chandrappa 43.82
Party Congress
Dakshina Kan- Bharatiya Janata Indian National
Nalin Kumar Kateel 774285 57.57 Mithun M Rai 37.15
nada Party Congress
Bharatiya Janata Indian National
Davanagere G M Siddeshwar 652996 54.66 H B Manjappa 40.46
Party Congress
Bharatiya Janata Indian National
Dharwad Pralhad Joshi 684837 56.43 Vinay Kulkarni 39.54
Party Congress
Dr. Umesh G Bharatiya Janata Indian National
Kalaburagi 620192 52.14 Mallikarjun Kharge 44.12
Jadhav Party Congress
Janata Dal
Hassan Prajwal Revanna 676606 52.96 Manju A Bharatiya Janata Party 41.9
(Secular)
Bharatiya Janata Indian National
Haveri Udasi. S.C. 683660 53.97 D.R. Patil 42.85
Party Congress
Bharatiya Janata Indian National
Kolar S. Muniswamy 709165 56.35 K.H. Muniyappa 39.66
Party Congress
Karadi Sanganna Am- Bharatiya Janata K.Rajashekar Indian National
Koppal 586783 49.3 46.07
arappa Party Basavaraj Hitnal Congress
Sumalatha Janata Dal
Mandya Independent 703660 51.02 Nikhil Kumaraswamy 41.89
Ambareesh (Secular)
Bharatiya Janata Indian National
Mysuru Prathap Simha 688974 52.27 C.H.Vijayashankar 41.75
Party Congress
Bharatiya Janata Indian National
Raichur Raja Amareshwara Naik 598337 53.21 B. V Naik 42.75
Party Congress
Bharatiya Janata
Shivamogga B.Y.Raghavendra. 729872 56.86 S.Madhubangarappa Janata Dal (Secular) 39.46
Party
Bharatiya Janata
Tumakuru G. S. Basavaraj 596127 47.89 H. D. Devegowda Janata Dal (Secular) 46.82
Party
Udupi Bharatiya Janata
Shobha Karandlaje 718916 62.46 Pramod Madhwaraj Janata Dal (Secular) 32.09
Chikmagaluru Party
Uttara Bharatiya Janata
Anant Kumar Hegde 786042 68.15 Anand Asnotikar Janata Dal (Secular) 26.56
Kannada Party
Name of the Assembly Constituencies coming under Parliamentary Constituency the names of all
the winning and runner up MPs of all 28 Parliamentary Constituency of Karnataka is given in the
following tables. It also shows the number of votes secured by each MP and the name of the political
151
party they belong to.
1. Chikkodi Parliamentary Constituency.
List of Assembly Constituencies in Chikkodi Parliamentary Constituency
Names of Assembly Constituencies
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
Nippani (1) Chikkodi-Sadalga (2) Athni (3)
Kagawad (4) Kudachi (SC) (5) Raybag (SC) (6)
Hukeri (7) Yemkanmardi (ST) (10)
List of Winner/Current and runner up MPs Chikkodi Parliamentary Constituency.
PC Cate Gen Gen
Year PC Name Winner/Current MP Party Vote Runner Up MP Party Vote
No. gory der der
2019 1 Chikkodi GEN Annasaheb Shankar Jolle M BJP 645017 Prakash Babanna Hukkeri M INC 526140
2014 1 Chikkodi GEN Prakash Babanna Hukkeri M INC 474373 Katti Ramesh Vishwanath M BJP 471370
2009 1 Chikkodi GEN Katti Ramesh Vishwanath M BJP 438081 Prakash Babanna Hukkeri M INC 382794
Jigajinagi Ramesh Chan-
2004 26 Chikkodi (SC) M BJP 379580 Ghatage S B M INC 336088
dappa
Jigajinagi Kanagali Pradeepkumar
1999 26 Chikkodi (SC) M JD(U) 392450 M INC 307860
Rameshchandappa Shankaranand
Jigajinagi
1998 26 Chikkodi (SC) M LS 359760 B.Shankaranand M INC 228522
Ramesh Chandappa
Ratnamala Dhareshwar
1996 26 Chikkodi (SC) M JD 309435 B. Shankaranand M INC 196676
Savanoor
1991 26 Chikkodi (SC) B. Shankaranand M INC 261884 A.K. Rayannavar M JD 149268
1989 26 Chikkodi (SC) B.Shankaranand M INC 274975 Avinash Datta Katti M RPK 213711
Annappa Kallappa Rayan-
1984 26 Chikkodi (SC) B. Shankaranad M INC 228030 M JNP 224385
navar
IN-
1980 26 Chikkodi (SC) B. Shankaranand M INC(I) 212092 Kamble Dinakar Devendra M 66008
C(U)
1977 26 Chikkodi (SC) B. Shankaranand M INC 173166 Karale Laxman Bhimarao M BLD 127666
2-Belagavi Parliamentary Constituency.
List of Assembly Constituencies in Belagavi Parliamentary Constituency
Names of Assembly Constituencies
Arabhavi (8) Gokak (9) Belgaum Uttar (11)
Belagavi Dakshin (12) Belagavi Rural (13) Bailhongal (16)
Saundatti Yellamma (17) Ramdurg (18)
List of Winner/Current and Runner up MPs Belagavi Parliamentary Constituency.
PC PC Cate- Gen- Gen-
Year Winner/Current MP Party Vote Runner Up MP Party Vote
No. Name gory der der
Angadi Suresh Chan-
2019 2 Belagavi GEN M BJP 761991 Dr.Sadhunavar M INC 370687
nabasappa
Angadi Suresh
2014 2 Belagavi GEN M BJP 554417 Laxmi R. Hebbalkar M INC 478557
Channabasappa
Angadi Suresh Amarsinh
2009 2 Belagavi GEN M BJP 384324 M INC 265637
Chanabasappa Vasantrao Patil
Angadi Suresh Amarsinh
2004 25 Belagavi GEN M BJP 410843 M INC 326090
Chanabasappa Vasantrao Patil
Amarsinh
152 1999 25 Belagavi GEN M INC 383444 Babagouda Patil M BJP 333546
Vasantarao Patil
Babagouda
1998 25 Belgaum GEN M BJP 327891 S.B.Sidnal M INC 230834
Rudragouda Patil
Koujalagi Shivanand
1996 25 Belgaum GEN M JD 224479 Babagouda Patil M BJP 153842
Hemappa
Sidnal Shanmukhappa Babagouda
1991 25 Belgaum GEN M INC 161391 M KRS 115282
Basappa Rudragouda Patil
Sidnal Shanmukappa
1989 25 Belgaum GEN M INC 210329 Amar Vasantrao Patil M JD 187281
Bassappa
Sidnal Shanmukhappa Appayyagouda
1984 25 Belagavi GEN M INC 202506 M JNP 166966
Basappa Basagouda Patil
Sidnal Shanmukhappa Anand Balakrishna
1980 25 Belagavi GEN M INC(I) 217527 M IND 76330
Basappa Gogate
Kotrashetti Appayappa Patil Paravatgouda
1977 25 Belagavi GEN M INC 178331 M BLD 114329
Karaveerappa Basangouda
3-Bagalkot Parliamentary Constituency.
List of Assembly Constituencies in Bagalkot Parliamentary Constituency.
Names of Assembly Constituencies
Mudhol (SC) (19) Terdal (20) Jamkhandi (21)
Bilgi (22) Badami (23) Bagalkot (24)
Hungund (25) Nargund (68)
List of Winner/Current and Runner up MPs Bagalkot Parliamentary Constituency.
PC PC Cate Gen- Gen-
Year Winner/Current MP Party Vote Runner Up MP Party Vote
No. Name gory der der
Gaddigoudar Parvatagouda
2019 3 Bagalkot GEN M BJP 664638 Veena Kashappanavar F INC 496451
Chandanagouda
Gaddigoudar Parvtagouda
2014 3 Bagalkot GEN M BJP 571548 Ajay Kumar Sarnaik M INC 454988
Chandanagouda
Parvatagouda Chandanagouda
2009 3 Bagalkot GEN M BJP 413272 J.T.Patil M INC 377826
Gaddigoudar
Gaddigoudar Parvatagouda
2004 27 Bagalkot GEN M BJP 459451 Patil R S M INC 292068
Chandanagouda
Ajayakumar
1999 27 Bagalkot GEN R.S. Patil M INC 378488 M JD(U) 302054
Sambasadashiv Sarnaik
Ajaykumar Sambasadashiv Siddu
1998 27 Bagalkot GEN M LS 352795 M INC 269163
Sarnaik Nyamagouda
Iddappa Bhimappa
1996 27 Bagalkot GEN Meti Hullappa Yamanappa M JD 250683 M INC 229351
Nyamagouda
Siddappa Bhimappa
1991 27 Bagalkot GEN M INC 276849 Ramakrishna Hegade M JD 255645
Nyamagoudar
Patil Subhash Malaghan
1989 27 Bagalkot GEN M INC 306990 M JD 274752
Tammannappa Sangappa Shivalingappa
Patil Hanmantagouda Nadagouda Mallangagouda
1984 27 Bagalkot GEN M INC 234955 M JNP 224443
Bhimanagouda Pravatagouda
IN- Hundekar Totappa
1980 27 Bagalkot GEN Veerendra Patil M 245812 M JNP 91839
C(I) Malleshappa
Patil Sanganagouda Tungal Keshavrao
1977 27 Bagalkot GEN M INC 212393 M BLD 140295
Basangouda Krishnappa
Sanganagouda Basanagouda Shivaputrappa Shivabasap-
1971 26 Bagalkot GEN M INC 197589 M NCO 91821
Patil pa Melligeri
1967 26 Bagalkot GEN S. B. Patil M INC 183984 A. D. Tondihal M IND 58304 153
4- Vijayapura Parliamentary Constituency.
List of Assembly Constituencies in Vijayapura Parliamentary Constituency
Names of Assembly Constituencies
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
Muddebihal (26) Devar Hippargi (27) Basavana Bagevadi (28)
Babaleshwar (29) Bijapur City (30) Nagthan (SC) (31)
Indi (32) Sindgi (33)
List of Winner/Current and runner up MPs Vijayapura Parliamentary Constituency.
PC PC Cate
Year Winner/Current MP Gender Party Vote Runner Up MP Gender Party Vote
No. Name gory
Jigajinagi
2019 4 Bijapur (SC) M BJP 635867 Dr. Sunita Devanand Chavan F JD(S) 377829
Ramesh Chandappa
Ramesh
2014 4 Bijapur (SC) M BJP 471757 Prakash Rathod M INC 401938
Jigajinagi
Jigajinagi
2009 4 Bijapur (SC) M BJP 308939 Prakash Kubasing Rathod M INC 266535
Ramesh Chandappa
Basanagouda R Patil Basanagouda Somanagouda
2004 28 Bijapur GEN M BJP 344905 M INC 307372
(Yatnal) Patil (Managuli)
Basangouda Raman- Gudadinni Laxmibai
1999 28 Bijapur GEN M BJP 348816 M INC 312177
gouda Patil(Yatnal) Basagondappa
Patil Mallanagouda Patil Basanagouda
1998 28 Bijapur GEN M INC 261623 M BJP 208801
Basanagouda Linganagouda
Patil Basangouda Basanagouda Ramanagouda
1996 28 Bijapur GEN M JD 185504 M BJP 154911
Rudragouda Patil(Yatnal)
Gudadinni Basa- Pattan Shetty Rajashekar
1991 28 Bijapur GEN M INC 207887 M BJP 140233
gondappa Kadappa Veergondappa
Gudadinni Basa- Shivashankareppa Mallappa
1989 28 Bijapur GEN M INC 306050 M JD 182717
gondappa Kadappa Guraddi
Guraddi Shivashan- Choudhari Rayagondappa
1984 28 Bijapur GEN M JNP 206737 M INC 204318
kareppa Mallappa Bhimanna
Choudhari Kalingappa INC
1980 28 Bijapur GEN M 167091 Khed Ningappa Siddappa M JNP 156529
Bhimanna (I)
Choudhari Kalingappa Nagathan
1977 28 Bijapur GEN M INC 173700 M BLD 152026
Bhimanna Irappa Chanamallappa
5- Kalaburagi Parliamentary Constituency.
List of Assembly Constituencies in Kalaburagi Parliamentary Constituency
Names of Assembly Constituencies
Afzalpur (34) Jevargi (35) Gurmitkal (39)
Chitapur (SC) (40) Sedam (41) Gulbarga Rural (SC)(43)
Gulbarga Dakshin (44) Gulbarga Uttar (45)
List of Winner/Current and runner up MPs Gulbarga Parliamentary Constituency.
Cate Gen Gen
Year PC No. PC Name Winner/Current MP Party Vote Runner Up MP Party Vote
gory der der
2019 5 Gulbarga (SC) Dr. Umesh G Jadhav M BJP 620192 Mallikarjun Kharge M INC 524740
2014 5 Gulbarga (SC) Mallikarjun Kharge M INC 507193 Revunaik Belamagi M BJP 432460
2009 5 Gulbarga (SC) Kharge,Shri Mallikarjun M INC 345241 Revunaik Belamgi M BJP 331837
2004 2 Gulbarga GEN Iqbal Ahmed Saradgi M INC 312601 Basawaraj Patil Sedam M BJP 255130
154 1999 2 Gulbarga GEN Iqbal Ahemed Saradgi M INC 352359 Basavaraj Patil Sedam M BJP 282522
1998 2 Gulbarga GEN Baswaraj Patil Sedam M BJP 328982 Qamarul Islam M JD 197184
1996 2 Gulbarga GEN Qamarul Islam M JD 203521 Basawaraj Patil Sedam M BJP 187976
1991 2 Gulbarga GEN B.G. Jawali M INC 182351 Basawaraj Patil Sedam M BJP 120268
1989 2 Gulbarga GEN B.G.Jawali M INC 283796 Abdul Hameed M JD 174958
1984 2 Gulbarga GEN Veerenira Patil M INC 235751 Vidyadhar Guruji M JNP 140261
1980 2 Gulbarga GEN Dharamsingh M INC(I) 174398 Vaijnath Patil M JNP 56422
1980 Bye Pol Gulbarga GEN C.M.Stephen M INC(I) 150665 B.R.Gouda M JNP 76985
1977 2 Gulbarga GEN Sidram Reddy M INC 188381 Govind Vadeyaraj M BLD 102989
6- Raichur Parliamentary Constituency
List of Assembly Constituencies in Raichur Parliamentary Constituency
Names of Assembly Constituencies
Shorapur (ST) (36) Shahpur (37) Yadgir (38)
Raichur Rural (ST) (53) Raichur (54) Manvi (ST)(55)
Devadurga (ST) (56) Lingasugur (SC) (57)
List of Winner/Current and runner up MPs Raichur Parliamentary Constituency.
Cate Gen Gen
Year PC No. PC Name Winner/Current MP Party Vote Runner Up MP Party Vote
gory der der
Raja Amareshwara
2019 6 Raichur (ST) M BJP 598337 B.V. Naik M INC 480621
Naik
Arakera Shivana-
2014 6 Raichur (ST) B.V.Nayak M INC 443659 M BJP 442160
gouda Nayak
Pakkirappa, Raja Venkatappa
2009 6 Raichur (ST) M BJP 316450 M INC 285814
Shri S. Naik
Raja Madangopal
2004 3 Raichur GEN A.Venkatesh Naik M INC 289424 M JD(S) 288916
Nayak
Abdul Samad
1999 3 Raichur GEN A. Venkatesh Naik M INC 359946 M JD(U) 187740
Siddiq
Raja Rangappa
1998 3 Raichur GEN A.Venkatesh Naik M INC 264187 M JD 185909
Naik
1996 3 Raichur GEN Raja Rangappa Naik M JD 214920 A Venkatesh Naik M INC 178515
Nazeer Ahmed
1991 3 Raichur GEN Venkatesh Naik M INC 194709 M JD 72251
Siddiqui
R.Ambanna Nazeer Ahmed
1989 3 Raichur GEN M INC 228065 M JD 139143
Naik Dore Sidsiddiqui
1986 Bye Pol Raichur GEN M.Y.Chorpade M INC 169696 R.A.Naik M JNP 164014
1984 3 Raichur GEN B. V. Desai M INC 212244 Vishwanath Reddy M JNP 154858
IN- IN-
1980 3 Raichur GEN B.V. Desai M 175888 Raja Pid Naik M 46838
C(I) C(U)
Rajshekhar M. Nagappa
1977 3 Raichur GEN M INC 212232 M BLD 75810
Mallappa Basappa
7-Bidar Parliamentary Constituency.
List of Assembly Constituencies in Bidar Parliamentary Constituency
Names of Assembly Constituencies
Chincholi (ST) (42) Aland (46) Basavakalyan (47)
Humnabad (48) Bidar South (49) Bidar (50)
Bhalki (51) Aurad (SC) (52) 155
List of Winner/Current and runner up MPs Bidar Parliamentary Constituency.
PC PC Cate- Gen Gen
Year Winner / Current MP Party Vote Runner Up MP Party Vote
No. Name gory der der
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
2019 7 Bidar GEN Bhagwanth Khuba M BJP 585471 Eshwar B. Khandre M INC 468637
2014 7 Bidar GEN Bhagwanth Khuba M BJP 459290 N. Dharam Singh M INC 367068
Gurupadappa
2009 7 Bidar GEN Singh, Shri N.Dharam M INC 337957 M BJP 298338
Nagmarpalli
Ramchandra Narsingrao Hulla
2004 1 Bidar (SC) M BJP 312838 M INC 289217
Veerappa Suryawanshi
Bye Narsing Halla- Basawraj
2004 Bidar GEN M INC 196917 M BJP 183447
Pol Suryawanshi Ramchandra Veerappa
Ramchandra
1999 1 Bidar (SC) M BJP 350221 Narasingarao Suryawanshi M INC 198188
Veerappa
Ramchandra
1998 1 Bidar (SC) M BJP 317504 Babu Honna Naik M JD 132871
Veerappa
Ramachandra Veer-
1996 1 Bidar (SC) M BJP 234707 Tatya Rao Kamble M INC 75294
appa
Ramchandra Narsingrao Hulaji
1991 1 Bidar (SC) M BJP 227867 M INC 111642
Veerappa Suryawanshi
Narsingrao
1989 1 Bidar (SC) M INC 177828 Prabhudev Kalmath M IND 138881
Surya Vanshi
1984 1 Bidar (SC) Nasing Suryavansi M INC 179836 Rajendra Verma M BJP 120221
1980 1 Bidar (SC) Narsing Hulla M INC(I) 158817 Shankar Dev M JNP 53409
Shankardev
1977 1 Bidar (SC) M INC 168554 Ramchandra Veerappa M BLD 118324
Balaji Rao
8- Koppal Parliamentary Constituency.
List of Assembly Constituencies in Koppal Parliamentary Constituency
Names of Assembly Constituencies
Sindhanur (58) Maski (ST) (59) Kushtagi (60)
Kanakagiri (SC) (61) Gangavathi (62) Yelburga (63)
Koppal (64) Siruguppa (ST) (92)
List of Winner/Current and runner up MPs Koppal Parliamentary Constituency.
PC PC Cate Winner/Current Gen Gen
Year Party Vote Runner Up MP Party Vote
No. Name gory MP der der
Karadi Sanganna K.Rajashekar
2019 8 Koppal GEN M BJP 586783 M INC 548386
Amarappa Basavaraj Hitnal
Karadi Sanganna
2014 8 Koppal GEN M BJP 486383 Basavaraj Hitnal M INC 453969
Amarappa
Shivarama- Basavaraj
2009 8 Koppal GEN M BJP 291693 M INC 209904
gouda,Shri Rayareddy
Nagappa Bhee-
2004 4 Koppal GEN K. Virupaxappa M INC 356158 M BJP 312535
mappa Saloni
Basavaraj
1999 4 Koppal GEN H.G.Ramulu M INC 350599 M JD (U) 338087
Rayareddy
Basavaraj
1998 4 Koppal GEN H.G.Ramulu M INC 289681 M JD 206559
Rayareddy
156 Basavaraj Raya Anwari Basavaraj
1996 4 Koppal GEN M JD 276914 M INC 201073
Reddy Patil
Anwari Basavaraj
1991 4 Koppal GEN M INC 241176 Siddaramaiah M JD 229979
Patil
1989 4 Koppal GEN Basavaraj Patil M JD 317341 H.G.Ramulu M INC 294253
K. Paparao Veer-
1984 4 Koppal GEN H. G. Ramulu M INC 238466 M JNP 180515
ayya
INC INC
1980 4 Koppal GEN H.G. Ramulu M 248077 H,R. Basavaraj M 86274
(I) (U)
Sidrameshwara Sanganna
1977 4 Koppal GEN M INC 223451 M BLD 97672
Swamy Basayya Andanappa
9-Ballari Parliamentary Constituency.
List of Assembly Constituencies in Bellary Parliamentary Constituency
Names of Assembly Constituencies
Hadagalli (SC) (88) Hagaribommanahalli (SC) (89) Vijayanagara (90)
Kampli (ST) (91) Ballari (ST) (93) Ballari City (94)
Sandur (ST) (95) Kudligi (ST) (96)
List of Winner/Current and runner up MPs Bellary Parliamentary Constituency.
PC PC Cate Winner/Current Gen Par- Gen Par-
Year Vote Runner Up MP Vote
No Name gory MP der ty der ty
2019 9 Bellary (ST) Y. Devendrappa M BJP 616388 V. S. Ugrappa M INC 560681
2014 9 Bellary (ST) B. Sreeramulu M BJP 534406 N.Y. Hanumantappa M INC 449262
2009 9 Bellary (ST) Shantha J. F BJP 402213 N.Y. Hanumanthappa M INC 399970
G. Karunakara
2004 5 Bellary GEN M BJP 318978 Kondaiah K C M INC 287299
Reddy
Bye
2000 Bellary GEN Kolur Basavanagoud M INC 259851 K.S. Veerabhadrappa M BJP 163831
Pol
1999 5 Bellary GEN Sonia Gandhi F INC 414650 Sushma Swaraj F BJP 358550
1998 5 Bellary GEN K.C.Kondaiah M INC 284909 N.Thippanna M LS 221171
1996 5 Bellary GEN K C Kondaiah M INC 273584 N Thippanna M JD 269065
1991 5 Bellary GEN Basavarajeshwari (W) F INC 234812 Y. Netakallappa M JD 168831
1989 5 Bellary GEN Basavarajesweri F INC 336337 N.Thippana M JD 260252
1984 5 Bellary GEN Basavarajeswari F INC 276640 M. P. Prakash M JNP 204354
IN- INC
1980 5 Bellary GEN R.Y. Ghorpade M 234792 M.Y. Ghorpade M 98755
C(I) (U)
K. S. Veera
1977 5 Bellary GEN M INC 258589 N. Thippanna M BLD 113045
Bhadrappa
10- Haveri Parliamentary Constituency.
List of Assembly Constituencies in Haveri Parliamentary Constituency
Names of Assembly Constituencies
Shirahatti (SC) (65) Gadag (66) Ron (67)
Hanagal (82) Haveri (SC) (84) Byadagi (85)
157
Hirekerur (86) Ranebennuru (87)
List of winner/current and runner up MPs Haveri Parliamentary Constituency.
PC PC Gen
Year No. Category Winner/Current MP Party Vote Runner Up MP Gender Party Vote
Name der
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
Udasi, Shivakumar
2019 10 Haveri GEN M BJP 683660 D.R. Patil M INC 542778
Channabasappa
Udasi, Shivakumar
2014 10 Haveri GEN M BJP 566790 Saleem Ahmed M INC 479219
Channabasappa
Udasi, Shivkumar
2009 10 Haveri GEN M BJP 430293 Saleem Ahamed M INC 342373
Chanabasappa
11- Dharwad Parliamentary Constituency.
List of Assembly Constituencies in Dharwad Parliamentary Constituency
Names of Assembly Constituencies
Navalgund (69) Kundgol (70) Dharwad (71)
Hubli-Dharwad-East (SC) (72) Hubli-Dharwad-Central (73) Hubli-Dharwad-West (74)
Kalghatgi (75) Shiggaon (83)
List of Winner/Current and runner up MPs Dharwad Parliamentary Constituency.
PC PC Categ Winner/Current Gen Gen
Year Party Vote Runner Up MP Party Vote
No. Name ory MP der der
2019 11 Dharwad GEN Pralhad Joshi M BJP 684837 Vinay Kulkarni M INC 479765
2014 11 Dharwad GEN Pralhad Joshi M BJP 545395 Vinay Kulkarni M INC 431738
Pralhad Venkatesh Kunnur Manjunath
2009 11 Dharwad GEN M BJP 446786 M INC 309123
Joshi Channappa
Dharwad
2004 24 GEN Pralhad Joshi M BJP 385084 B S Patil M INC 302006
North
Dharwad Veeranna A.
1999 24 GEN Vijay Sankeshwar M BJP 345197 M INC 303595
North Mattikatti
Dharwad
1998 24 GEN Vijay Sankeshwar M BJP 339660 D.K.Naikar M INC 210459
North
Dharwad Munavalli Shankaran-
1996 24 GEN Vijay Sankeshwar M BJP 228572 M JD 188221
North na Ishwarappa
Dharwad
1991 24 GEN D.K. Naikar M INC 157682 Bellad Chandrakant M BJP 135891
North
Dharwad
1989 24 GEN D.K.Naikar M INC 276545 Chandrakant Bellad M JD 220997
North
Dharwad Naikar Dyamappa
1984 23 GEN M INC 229865 S. I. Shettar M JNP 185014
North Kallappa
Dharwad IN- Mahishi Sarojini
1980 24 GEN D.K. Naikar M 208269 F JNP 111575
North C(I) Bindurao
Dharwad Mahishi Sarojini Joshi
1977 24 GEN F INC 205627 M BLD 151199
North Bindurao Jaganath Rao Anant
Dharwar Sarojini Bindurao Wali Rachapa
1971 23 GEN F INC 189382 M NCO 91313
North Mahishi Gangappa
Dharwar
1967 23 GEN M. S. Bindurao M INC 169173 J. R. Anantrao M BJS 81743
North
Dharwar Sarojini Veerayya Virabasayya
1962 9 GEN F INC 187654 M SWA 34104
North Bindurao Mahishi Shivalli
Dharwar Karmarkar Datta- Munavalli Basappa
1957 5 GEN M INC 123622 M IND 58259
North traya Parashuram Nagappa
Dharwar Karmakar Datta- Kambli Siddappa
158 1951 32
North
GEN
traya Parsuramrao
M INC 129077
Totappa
M KMPP 87206
12-Uttara Kannada Parliamentary Constituency.
List of Assembly Constituencies in Uttara Kannada Parliamentary Constituency.
Names of Assembly Constituencies
Khanapur( 14) Kittur (15) Haliyal (76)
Karwar (77) Kumta (78) Bhatkal (79)
Sirsi (80) Yellapur (81)
List of Winner/Current and runner up MPs Uttara Kannada Parliamentary Constituency.
PC Cate Gen Runner Up Gen
Year PC Name Winner/Current MP Party Vote Party Vote
No. gory der MP der
Anand
2019 12 Uttara Kannada GEN Anantkumar Hegde M BJP 786042 M JD(S) 306393
Asnotikar
Prashant R
2014 12 Uttara Kannada GEN Anantkumar Hegde M BJP 546939 M INC 406239
Deshpande
Hegde, Shri Anant Kumar Alva
2009 12 Uttara Kannada GEN M BJP 339300 M INC 316531
Dattatreya Margaret
13- Davanagere Parliamentary Constituency.
List of Assembly Constituencies in Davanagere Parliamentary Constituency
Names of Assembly Constituencies
Jagalur (ST) (103) Harapanahalli (104) Harihar (105)
Davanagere North (106) Davanagere South (107) Mayakonda (SC) (108)
Channagiri (109) Honnali (110)
List of Winner/Current and runner up MPs Davanagere Parliamentary Constituency.
PC Cate Gen Gen
Year PC Name Winner/Current MP Party Vote Runner Up MP Party Vote
No. gory der der
2019 13 Davanagere GEN G.M. Siddeshwara M BJP 652996 H B Manjappa M INC 483294
2014 13 Davanagere GEN G.M. Siddeshwara M BJP 518894 S.S. Mallikarjun M INC 501287
Siddeshwara, Shri
2009 13 Davanagere GEN Gowdar Mallikarju- M BJP 423447 S.S. Mallikarjuna M INC 421423
nappa
2004 6 Davanagere GEN G.M. Siddeshwara M BJP 370499 Mallikarjun S S M INC 337823
Shamanur
1999 6 Davanagere GEN G.Mallikarjunappa M BJP 398969 M INC 382700
Shivashankarappa
Shamanur Shiva
1998 6 Davanagere GEN M INC 343704 G.Mallikarjunappa M BJP 332372
Shankarappa
1996 6 Davanagere GEN G Mallikarjunappa M BJP 268962 S H Patel M JD 171875
Channaiah
1991 6 Davanagere GEN M INC 237542 S.A. Rabindranath M BJP 237087
Odeyar
Channaiah
1989 6 Davanagere GEN M INC 369969 K.G.Maheswarappa M JD 293849
Odeyar
Channaiah
1984 6 Davanagere GEN M INC 290003 K.G.Maheswarappa M JNP 224262
Odeyar
T.V. Chandrashek-
1980 6 Davanagere GEN M INC(I) 238506 Kondajji Basappa M JNP 97510
harappa
1977 6 Davanagere GEN Kondajji Basappa M INC 244200 K. G. Maheswarappa M BLD 152078 159
14- Shivamogga Parliamentary Constituency.
List of Assembly Constituencies in Shivamogga Parliamentary Constituency
Names of Assembly Constituencies
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
Shimoga Rural (SC) (111) Bhadravati (112) Shimoga (113)
Tirthahalli (114) Shikaripur (115) Sorab (116)
Sagar (117) Byndoor (118)
List of Winner/Current and runner up MPs Shivamogga Parliamentary Constituency.
PC Cate Gen Gen
Year PC Name Winner/Current MP Party Vote Runner Up MP Party Vote
No. gory der der
2019 14 Shivamogga GEN B.Y.Raghavendra. M BJP 729872 S.Madhubangarappa M JD(S) 506512
2014 14 Shivamogga GEN B. S. Yeddiyurappa M BJP 606216 Manjunath Bhandary M INC 242911
2009 14 Shivamogga GEN Yeddiyurappa, Shri Raghavendra M BJP 482783 S. Bangarappa M INC 429890
Bye
2005 Shivamogga GEN S.Bangarappa M SP 269013 Ayanur Manjunatha M INC 252376
Pol
2004 21 Shivamogga GEN S. Bangarappa M BJP 450097 Ayanur Manjunath M INC 373952
1999 21 Shivamogga GEN S.Bangarappa M INC 427870 Ayanur Manjunatha M BJP 332832
1998 21 Shivamogga GEN Ayanoor Manjunath M BJP 352277 D.B.Chandre Gowda M INC 192370
1996 21 Shivamogga GEN S Bangarappa M KCP 303152 Ayanur Manjunatha M BJP 230916
1991 21 Shivamogga GEN K.G. Shivappa M INC 281182 B.S. Yediyurappa M BJP 240479
1989 21 Shivamogga GEN T.V.Chandrashekarappa M INC 269074 M.Kotoji Rao M JD 128704
1984 21 Shivamogga GEN T. V. Chandrashekarappa M INC 299038 D. G. Shivannagowda M BJP 175364
IN-
1980 21 Shivamogga GEN S.T. Quadri M 246328 D.H. Shankara Murthy M JNP 94530
C(I)
1977 21 Shivamogga GEN A. R. Badarinarayan M INC 236065 J. H. Patel M BLD 161229
15- Udupi Chikkamagaluru Parliamentary Constituency.
List of Assembly Constituencies in Udupi Chikkamagaluru Parliamentary Constituency
Names of Assembly Constituencies
Kundapura (119) Udupi (120) Kapu (121)
Karkal (122) Sringeri (123) Mudigere (SC)(124)
Chikkamagalur (125) Tarikere (126)
List of Winner/Current and runner up MPs Udupi Chikkamagaluru
Parliamentary Constituency.
PC Cate Gen Gen
Year PC Name Winner/Current MP Party Vote Runner Up MP Party Vote
No. gory der der
Udupi
2019 15 GEN Shobha Karandlaje F BJP 718916 Pramod Madhwaraj M INC 369317
Chikmagalur
Udupi
2014 15 GEN Shobha Karandlaje F BJP 581168 K Jayaprakash Hegde M INC 399525
Chikmagalur
By Udupi
2012 GEN K.J. Hegde M INC 398723 S. Kumar V. M BJP 352999
Polls Chikmagalur
Udupi
2009 15 GEN Jayaprakash Korgi Hegde M INC 401441 D.V.Sadananda Gowda M BJP 374423
Chikmagalur
Manorama
2004 18 Udupi GEN F BJP 369627 Vinaya Kumar Sorake M INC 340624
Madhwaraj
160 1999 18 Udupi GEN Vinay Kumar Sorake M INC 352326 I.M. Jayaram Shetty M BJP 320739
Oscar
1998 18 Udupi GEN I.M.Jayarama Shetty M BJP 341466 M INC 284898
Fernandes
1996 18 Udupi GEN Oscar Fernandes M INC 235932 I M Jayarama Shetty M BJP 233478
1991 18 Udupi GEN Oscar Fernandes M INC 234120 A. Rukmayya Poojary M BJP 146308
1989 18 Udupi GEN Oscar Fernandes M INC 313849 M.Sanjeeva M JD 161656
1984 18 Udupi GEN Oscar Fernandes M INC 287412 K. S. Hegde M BJP 145076
INC
1980 18 Udupi GEN Oscar Fernandes M 261738 V.S. Acharya M JNP 101769
(I)
1977 18 Udupi GEN T. A. Pai M INC 224788 V. S. Acharya M BLD 121326
J. M. Lobo
1971 17 Udupi GEN P. Ranganath Shenoy M INC 182409 M SWA 54644
Prabhu
1967 17 Udupi GEN J. M. L. Prabhu M SWA 122836 S. S. Kolkebail M INC 91526
1962 15 Udupi GEN U. Srinivasa Mallaya M INC 117027 D. Mohan Rao M PSP 104161
1957 23 Udupi GEN Srinivasa Malliah U M INC 122754 Mohan Rao D. M PSP 93451
16- Hassan Parliamentary Constituency.
List of Assembly Constituencies in Hassan Parliamentary Constituency
Names of Assembly Constituencies
Kadur (127) Shravanabelagola (193) Arsikere (194)
Belur (195) Hassan (196) Holenarasipur (197)
Arkalgud (198) Sakleshpur (SC) (199)
List of Winner/Current and runner up MPs Hassan Parliamentary Constituency.
PC PC Cate Gen Gen
Year Winner/Current MP Party Vote Runner Up MP Party Vote
No Name gory der der
2019 16 Hassan GEN Prajwal Revanna M JD(S) 676606 Manju. A. M INC 535282
2014 16 Hassan GEN H.D. Devegowda M JD(S) 509841 Manju. A. M INC 409379
2009 16 Hassan GEN H.D. Devegowda M JD(S) 496429 K. H. Hanume Gowda M BJP 205316
2004 19 Hassan GEN H. D. Devegowda M JD(S) 462625 H C Srikantaiah Alias Annaiah M INC 272320
1999 19 Hassan GEN G.Putta Swamy Gowda M INC 398344 H.D.Deve Gowda M JD(S) 256587
1998 19 Hassan GEN H.D.Devegowda M JD 336407 H.C.Sreekantaiah M INC 304753
1996 19 Hassan GEN Y N Rudreshagowda M JD 313241 S M Anand M INC 232454
1991 19 Hassan GEN H.D. Devegowda M JP 260761 H.C. Srikanthaiah Alias Annaiah M INC 257570
1989 19 Hassan GEN H.C.Srikantaiah M INC 403286 H.N.Nanjegowda M JNP(JP) 214131
1984 19 Hassan GEN H. N. Nanjegowda M INC 265488 K. B. Mallappa M JNP 233519
1980 19 Hassan GEN H.N. Nanjegowda M INC(I) 219969 B.B. Shivappa M JNP 125221
1977 19 Hassan GEN S. Nanjesha Gowda M BLD 207560 G. L. Nalluregowda M INC 206479
17- Dakshina Kannada Parliamentary Constituency.
List of Assembly Constituencies in Dakshina Kannada Parliamentary Constituency
Names of Assembly Constituencies
Belthangady (200) Moodabidri (201) Mangalore City North (202)
Mangalore City South (203) Mangalore (204) Bantval (205)
161
Puttur (206) Sullia (SC) (207)
List of Winner/Current and runner up MPs Dakshina Kannada Parliamentary Constituency.
PC Cate Winner/Current Gen Gen Par-
Year PC Name Party Vote Runner Up MP Vote
No. gory MP der der ty
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
2019 17 Dakshina Kannada GEN Nalin Kumar Kateel M BJP 774285 Mithun M Rai M INC 499664
2014 17 Dakshina Kannada GEN Nalin Kumar Kateel M BJP 642739 Janardhana Poojary M INC 499030
2009 17 Dakshina Kannada GEN Kateel Nalin Kumar M BJP 499385 Janardhana Poojary M INC 458965
18- Chitradurga Parliamentary Constituency.
List of Assembly Constituencies in Chitradurga Parliamentary Constituency
Names of Assembly Constituencies
Molakalmuru (ST) (97) Challakere (ST) (98) Chitradurga (99)
Hiriyur (100) Hosadurga (101) Holalkere (SC) (102)
Sira (136) Pavagada (137)
List of Winner/Current and runner up MPs Chitradurga Parliamentary Constituency.
PC
Year PC Name Category Winner/Current MP Gender Party Vote Runner Up MP Gender Party Vote
No.
2019 18 Chitradurga (SC) A Narayanaswamy M BJP 626195 B N Chandrappa M INC 546017
2014 18 Chitradurga (SC) B.N.Chandrappa M INC 467511 Janardhana Swamy M BJP 366220
2009 18 Chitradurga (SC) Swamy Janardhana M BJP 370920 Dr. B Thippeswamy M INC 235349
2004 7 Chitradurga GEN N.Y. Hanumanthappa M INC 322609 Kodandaramaiah P M JD(S) 285149
1999 7 Chitradurga GEN Shashi Kumar M JD(U) 370793 C.P.Mudalagiriyappa M INC 359615
1998 7 Chitradurga GEN C.P. Mudala Giriyappa M INC 321930 P.Kodandaramaiah M LS 263609
1996 7 Chitradurga GEN P. Kodandaramaiah M JD 251617 C P Mudalagiriyappa M INC 232235
1991 7 Chitradurga GEN C.P. Mudalagiriyappa M INC 302847 L.G. Havanura M BJP 220335
1989 7 Chitradurga GEN C.P.Mudalagiriyappa M INC 339303 M.Sanna Chikkappa M JD 197110
1984 7 Chitradurga GEN K. H. Ranganath M INC 279146 B. L. Gowda M JNP 222335
1980 7 Chitradurga GEN K. Mallanna M INC(I) 215180 B.L. Gowda M JNP 105819
1977 7 Chitradurga GEN K. Mallanna M INC 227926 H. C. Boraiah M BLD 141272
19-Tumakuru
List of Assembly Constituencies in Tumkur Parliamentary Constituency
Names of Assembly Constituencies
Chiknayakanhalli (128) Tiptur (129) Turuvekere (130)
Tumkur City (132) Tumakuru Rural (133) Koratagere (SC) (134)
Gubbi (135) Madhugiri (138)
List of winner/current and runner up MPs Tumakuru Parliamentary Constituency.
PC PC Cate Gen Par- Gen
Year Winner/Current MP Vote Runner Up MP Party Vote
No. Name gory der ty der
2019 19 Tumkur GEN G. S. Basavaraju M BJP 596127 H. D. Devegowda M JD(S) 582788
2014 19 Tumkur GEN Muddahanumegowda.S.P. M INC 429868 G.S.Basavaraj M BJP 355827
Basavaraju, Shri Gan- Muddahanumegow-
2009 19 Tumkur GEN M BJP 331064 M JD(S) 309619
gasandra Siddappa da S.P.
162
2004 8 Tumkur GEN S. Mallikarjunaiah M BJP 303016 Jagadeesh D L M JD(S) 300665
1999 8 Tumkur GEN G.S.Basavaraju M INC 318922 S.Mallikarjunaiah M BJP 254985
1998 8 Tumkur GEN S.Mallikarjunaiah M BJP 327312 R.Narayana M INC 256125
1996 8 Tumkur GEN C N Bhaskarappa M JD 192228 S Mallikarjunaiah M BJP 176516
1991 8 Tumkur GEN S. Mallikarjunaiah M BJP 255186 G.S. Basavaraju M INC 236269
1989 8 Tumkur GEN G.S.Basavaraju M INC 376878 Y.K.Ramaiah M JNP(JP) 177740
1984 8 Tumkur GEN G. S. Basavaraju M INC 265249 Y. K. Ramaiah M JNP 234839
1980 8 Tumkur GEN K. Lakkappa M INC(I) 243229 S. Mallikarjuniah M JNP 126168
1977 8 Tumkur GEN K. Lakkappa M INC 237086 S. Mallikarjuniah M BLD 170269
20- Mandya Parliamentary Constituency.
List of Assembly Constituencies in Mandya Parliamentary Constituency
Names of Assembly Constituencies
Malavalli (SC) (186) Maddur (187) Melukote (188)
Mandya (189) Shrirangapattana (190) Nagamangala (191)
Krishnarajpet (192) Krishnarajanagar (211)
List of Winner/Current and runner up MPs Mandya Parliamentary Constituency.
PC Cate Gen Gen
Year PC Name winner/current MP Party Vote Runner Up MP Party Vote
No. gory der der
2019 20 Mandya GEN Sumalatha Ambareesh F IND 703660 Nikhil Kumaraswamy M JD(S) 577784
2014 20 Mandya GEN C.S.Puttaraju M JD(S) 524370 Ramya F INC 518852
2009 20 Mandya GEN Swamy, N. Chaluvaraya M JD(S) 384443 M H Ambareesh M INC 360943
2004 14 Mandya GEN Ambareesh M. H. M INC 411116 Dr. S Ramegowda M JD(S) 286678
1999 14 Mandya GEN Amaranatha M.H M INC 418110 Krishna M JD(S) 265930
1998 14 Mandya GEN Ambareesh M.H. M JD 431439 G.Made Gowda M INC 250916
1996 14 Mandya GEN Krishna M JD 335852 G Made Gowda M INC 302466
1991 14 Mandya GEN G. Madegowda M INC 259500 D. Ramalingaiah M BJP 164153
1989 14 Mandya GEN G.Made Gowda M INC 337024 H.L.Nage Gowda M JNP(JP) 262135
1984 14 Mandya GEN K. V. Shankaragowda M JNP 319176 S. M. Krishna M INC 198780
1980 14 Mandya GEN S.M. Krishna M INC(I) 223675 C. Bandegowda M JNP 108333
1977 14 Mandya GEN K. Chickalingaiah M INC 200360 M. Srinivas M BLD 19503
21- Mysuru Parliamentary Constituency.
List of Assembly Constituencies in Mysore Parliamentary Constituency
Names of Assembly Constituencies
Madikeri (208) Virajpet (209) Piriyapatna (210)
Hunsur (212) Chamundeshwari (215) Krishnaraja (216)
Chamaraja (217) Narasimharaja (218) 163
List of Winner/Current and runner up MPs Mysuru Parliamentary Constituency.
PC PC Cate Gen Gen
Year Winner/Current MP Party Vote Runner Up MP Party Vote
No. Name gory der der
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
2019 21 Mysore GEN Prathap Simha M BJP 688974 C.H.Vijayashankar M INC 550327
Adagooru H
2014 21 Mysore GEN Prathap Simha M BJP 503908 M INC 472300
Vishwanath
Vishwanath,Shri Adagooru
2009 21 Mysore GEN M INC 354810 C.H.Vijayashankar M BJP 347119
Huchegowda
2004 16 Mysore GEN C. H. Vijayashankar M BJP 316442 A S Guruswamy M JD(S) 306292
Srikantadatta Narasimharaja
1999 16 Mysore GEN M INC 338051 C.H.Vijayashankar M BJP 324620
Wadiyar
1998 16 Mysore GEN C.H.Vijayashankar M BJP 355846 S.Chikkamadu M INC 252822
Srikantadatta Narasimharaja
1996 16 Mysore GEN M INC 258299 G T Deve Gowda M JD 246623
Wadiyar
Srikantadatta
1991 16 Mysore GEN Chandraprabha Urs (W) F INC 225881 M BJP 208999
Narasimharaja Wadiyar
Srikantadatta Narasimharaj JNP(-
1989 16 Mysore GEN M INC 384888 D.Mandegowda M 135524
Wadiyar JP)
Srikantadatta Narasimharaja
1984 16 Mysore GEN M INC 247754 K. P. Shanthamurthy M IND 183144
Wadiyar
INC
1980 16 Mysore GEN M. Rajashekaramurthy M INC(I) 195724 H.D. Tulsidasappa M 112688
(U)
1977 16 Mysore GEN H. D. Tulsidas M INC 195657 M. S. Gurupadaswamy M BLD 153989
22- Chamarajanagar Parliamentary Constituency.
List of Assembly Constituencies in Chamarajanagar Parliamentary Constituency
Names of Assembly Constituencies
Heggadadevankote (ST) (213) Nanjangud (SC) (214) Varuna (219)
T.Narasipur (SC) (220) Hanur (221) Kollegal (SC) (222)
Chamarajanagar (223) Gundlupet (224)
List of Winner/Current and Runner up MPs Chamarajanagar Parliamentary Constituency.
PC Cae Gen Gen
Year PC Name Winner/Current MP Party Vote Runner Up MP Party Vote
No. gory der der
2019 22 Chamarajanagar (SC) V. Srinivas Prasad M BJP 568537 R. Dhruvanarayana M INC 566720
2014 22 Chamarajanagar (SC) R. Dhruvanarayana M INC 567782 A. R. Krishna Murthy M BJP 426600
Dhruvanarayana Ran-
2009 22 Chamarajanagar (SC) M INC 369970 A.R.Krishna murthy M BJP 365968
gaswamy
2004 15 Chamarajanagar (SC) M. Shivanna M JD(S) 316661 A Siddaraju M INC 272672
1999 15 Chamarajanagar (SC) V.Sreenivasaprasad M JD(U) 311547 A.Siddaraju M INC 295401
1998 15 Chamarajanagar (SC) Siddaraju. A. M JD 340490 Sreenivasa Prasad. V. M INC 270175
1996 15 Chamarajanagar (SC) A Siddaraju M JD 214745 L H Balakrishna M INC 191169
1991 15 Chamarajanagar (SC) V. Sreenivasa Prasad M INC 217735 H.C. Mahadevappa M JD 148775
1989 15 Chamarajanagar (SC) V.Srinivasa Prasad M INC 366922 Devanur Shivamallu M JD 213277
1984 15 Chamrajanagar (SC) V. Sreenivasa Prasad M INC 240665 G. N. Malleshaiah M JNP 160012
INC
1980 15 Chamrajanagar (SC) V. Sreenivasa Prasad M INC(I) 228748 B. Rachaiah M 118287
(U)
164 1977 15 Chamrajanagar (SC) B. Rachaiah M INC 214233 V. Sreenivasa Prasad M BLD 142615
23- Bengaluru Rural Parliamentary Constituency.
List of Assembly Constituencies in Bangalore Rural Parliamentary Constituency
Names of Assembly Constituencies
Kunigal (131) Rajarajeshwari Nagar (154) Bangalore South (176)
Anekal (SC) (177) Magadi (182) Ramanagaram (183)
Kanakapura (184) Channapatna (185)
List of Winner/Current and runner up MPs Bangalore Rural Parliamentary Constituency.
PC Cate- Gen- Par-
Year PC Name Winner/Current MP Vote Runner Up MP Gender Party Vote
No. gory der ty
2019 23 Bangalore Rural GEN D K Suresh M INC 878258 AshwathNarayangowda M BJP 671388
2014 23 Bangalore Rural GEN D K Suresh M INC 652723 Muniraju Gowda P M BJP 421243
Bye
2013 Bangalore Rural GEN D. K. Suresh M INC 578000 Anitha Kumaraswamy F JD(S) 456000
Pol
JD
2009 23 Bangalore Rural GEN Kumaraswamy H.D. M 493302 C. P. Yogeeshwara M BJP 363027
(S)
24- Bengaluru North Parliamentary Constituency.
List of Assembly Constituencies in Bangalore North Parliamentary Constituency
Names of Assembly Constituencies
K.R. Pura (151) Byatarayanapura (152) Yeshvanthapura (153)
Dasarahalli (155) Mahalakshmi Layout (156) Malleshwaram (157)
Hebbal (158) Pulakeshinagar (SC) (159)
List of Winner/Current and runner up MPs Bangalore North Parliamentary Constituency.
PC Cate- Gen Gen- Par-
Year PC Name Winner/Current MP Party Vote Runner Up MP Vote
No. gory der der ty
2019 24 Bangalore North GEN D.V Sadananda Gowda M BJP 824500 Krishna Byregowda M INC 676982
2014 24 Bangalore North GEN D.V Sadananda Gowda M BJP 718326 C.Narayana Swamy M INC 488562
2009 24 Bangalore North GEN Shri Gowda, Chandre D.B. M BJP 452920 C. K. Jaffer Sharief M INC 393255
2004 12 Bangalore North GEN Dr. H.T. Sangliana M BJP 473502 Jaffer Sharief C K M INC 443144
JD
1999 12 Bangalore North GEN C.K Jaffar Sharief M INC 525523 Michael B.Fernandes M 349918
(U)
1998 12 Bangalore North GEN C.K.Jaffer Sharief M INC 399582 Dr. Jeevaraj Alva M LS 327135
1996 12 Bangalore North GEN C Narayanaswamy M JD 398650 Mohd. Obaidulla Sharief M INC 265348
1991 12 Bangalore North GEN C.K. Jaffer Sharief M INC 252272 C. Narayanaswamy M JD 191955
1989 12 Bangalore North GEN C.K.Jaffer Sharief M INC 390460 Lawrence V.Fernandes M JD 283336
1984 12 Bangalore North GEN C. K. Jaffer Sharief M INC 260279 George Fernandes M JNP 218733
INC
1980 12 Bangalore North GEN C.K. Jaffar Sharief M 219108 B. Channabyregowda M JNP 102573
(I)
1977 12 Bangalore North GEN C. K. Jafar Sharief M INC 198669 M. Chandrasekhar M BLD 158485 165
25-Bengaluru Central Parliamentary Constituency.
List of Assembly Constituencies in Bangalore Central Parliamentary Constituency
Names of Assembly Constituencies
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
Sarvagnanagar (160) C.V. Raman Nagar (SC) (161) Shivajinagar (162)
Shanti Nagar (163) Gandhi Nagar (164) Rajaji Nagar (165)
Chamrajpet (168) Mahadevapura (SC) (174)
List of Winner/Current and runner up MPs Bangalore Central Parliamentary Constituency.
PC Cate Winner/ Gen Gen
Year PC Name Party Vote Runner Up MP Party Vote
No. gory current MP der der
2019 25 Bangalore Central GEN P. C. Mohan M BJP 602853 Rizwan Arshad M INC 531885
2014 25 Bangalore Central GEN Mohan P.C. M BJP 557130 Rizwan Arshad M INC 419630
2009 25 Bangalore Central GEN Mohan P.C. M BJP 340162 H.T.Sangliana M INC 304944
26- Bengaluru South Parliamentary Constituency.
List of Assembly Constituencies in Bangalore South Parliamentary Constituency
Names of Assembly Constituencies
Govindraj Nagar (166) Vijay Nagar (167) Chickpet (169)
Basavanagudi (170) Padmanaba Nagar (171) B.T.M. Layout (172)
Jayanagar (173) Bommanahalli (175)
List of Winner/Current and runner up MPs Bangalore South Parliamentary Constituency
PC Winner/Current
Year PC Name Category Gender Party Vote Runner Up MP Gender Party Vote
No. MP
2019 26 Bangalore South GEN Tejasvi Surya M BJP 739229 B.K.Hariprasad M INC 408037
2014 26 Bangalore South GEN Ananth Kumar M BJP 633816 Nandan Nilekani M INC 405241
2009 26 Bangalore South GEN Ananth Kumar M BJP 437953 Krishna Byre Gowda M INC 400341
2004 13 Bangalore South GEN Ananth Kumar M BJP 386682 Krishnappa M M INC 324411
1999 13 Bangalore South GEN Ananth Kumar M BJP 410161 B.K.Hari Prasad M INC 344107
1998 13 Bangalore South GEN Ananth Kumar M BJP 429648 D.P.Sharma M INC 249601
1996 13 Bangalore South GEN Ananth Kumar M BJP 251235 Varalakshmi Gundurao F INC 229267
K. Venkatgiri
1991 13 Bangalore South GEN M BJP 275083 R. Gundu Rao M INC 247835
Gowda
1989 13 Bangalore South GEN R.Gundu Rao M INC 413574 M.Raghupathy M JD 173720
1984 13 Bangalore South GEN V. S. Krishna Iyer M JNP 264765 K. Venkatagiri Gowda M INC 252033
1980 13 Bangalore South GEN T.R. Shamanna M JNP 198390 D.P. Sharma M INC(I) 195663
1977 13 Bangalore South GEN K. S. Hegde M BLD 221974 K. Hanumantaiya M INC 180809
27- Chikkaballapur Parliamentary Constituency.
List of Assembly Constituencies in Chikkaballapur Parliamentary Constituency
Names of Assembly Constituencies
Gauribidanur (139) Bagepalli (140) Chikkaballapur (141)
Yelahanka (150) Hosakote (178) Devanahalli (SC) (179)
166 Dodda Ballapur (180) Nelamangala (SC) (181) Chintamani (143)
List of Winner/Current and runner up MPs Chikkaballapur Parliamentary Constituency.
PC Gen- Par- Gen-
Year PC Name Category Winner/Current MP Vote Runner Up MP Party Vote
No der ty der
2019 27 Chikkaballapur GEN B.N.Bache Gowda M BJP 745912 M Veerappa Moily M INC 563802
2014 27 Chikkaballapur GEN M Veerappa Moily M INC 424800 B N Bache Gowda M BJP 415280
Dr.(Shri) M. Veerappa
2009 27 Chikkaballapur GEN M INC 390500 C.Aswathanarayana M BJP 339119
Moily
2004 9 Chikkaballapur GEN R.L. Jalappa M INC 376204 Shashi Kumar M JD(S) 316182
1999 9 Chikkaballapur GEN R.L. Jalappa M INC 422587 N.Ramesh M JD(U) 211401
1998 9 Chikkaballapur GEN R.L.Jalappa M INC 360761 C. Byre Gowda M JD 233706
1996 9 Chikkaballapur GEN R L Jalappa M JD 337542 V Muniyappa M INC 320728
1991 9 Chikkaballapur GEN V. Krishna Rao M INC 309614 R.L. Jalappa M JD 206243
1989 9 Chikkaballapur GEN V.Krishna Rao M INC 367638 Chandrashekara M JD 230750
1984 9 Chikkaballapur GEN V. Krishna Rao M INC 282279 R. L .Jalappa M JNP 237965
INC
1980 9 Chikkaballapur GEN S.N. Prasan Kumar M 234172 Lakshminarasimhaiah M JNP 87229
(I)
1977 9 Chikkaballapur GEN M. V. Krishnappa M INC 207589 G. Narayana Gowda M BLD 159115
By
1965 Chikkaballapur GEN H.C.L.Reddy M INC 67307 K.M.Muniyappa M IND 23424
Polls
1962 20 Chikkaballapur GEN K. Changalaraya Reddy M INC 127047 B. V. Narayana Reddy M IND 75532
28- Kolar Parliamentary Constituency.
List of Assembly Constituencies in Kolar Parliamentary Constituency
Names of Assembly Constituencies
Sidlaghatta (142) Srinivaspura (144) Mulbagal (SC) (145)
Kolar Gold Fields (SC) (146) Bangarapet (SC) (147) Kolar (148)
Malur (149)
List of Winner/Current and runner up MPs Kolar Parliamentary Constituency.
Year PC No. PC Name Category Winner/Current MP Gender Party Vote Runner Up MP Gender Party Vote
2019 28 Kolar GEN S. Muniswamy M BJP 709165 K.H. Muniyappa M INC 499144
2014 28 Kolar GEN K.H.Muniyappa M INC 418926 Kolar Kesava M JD(S) 371076
2009 28 Kolar GEN K.H. Muniyappa M INC 344771 D.S.Veeraiah M BJP 321765
2004 10 Kolar (SC) K.H. Muniyappa M INC 385582 Veeraiah D S M BJP 373947
1999 10 Kolar (SC) K.H. Muniyappa M INC 321964 G. Mangamma F BJP 239182
1998 10 Kolar (SC) K.H.Muniyappa M INC 304261 Balaji Channaiah M JD 226289
1996 10 Kolar (SC) K H Muniyappa M INC 310349 Balaji Channaiah M JD 293307
1991 10 Kolar (SC) K.H. Muniyappa M INC 235902 V. Hanumappa M BJP 173525
1989 10 Kolar (SC) Y.Ramakrishna M INC 350009 B.Muniyappa M JD 217407
1984 10 Kolar (SC) V. Venkatesh M JNP 239562 G. Y. Krishnan M INC 194797
1980 10 Kolar (SC) G.Y. Krishnan M INC(I) 182241 T. Channaiah M JNP 84729
1977 10 Kolar (SC) G. Y. Krishnan M INC 196290 Y. Ramakrishna M BLD 123274 167
Governers of Karnataka From 1956
Sl.
Smt. / Sriyuths During
No
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
1 Jayachamaraja Odeyar 01.11.1956 04.05.1964
2 Gen. S.M. Srinagesh 04.05.1964 02.04.1965
3 V.V. Giri 02.04.1965 13.05.1967
4 G.S.Pathak 13.05.1967 30.08.1969
5 Dharamveer 23.10.1969 01.02.1972
6 Mohanlal Sukhadia 01.02.1972 10.01.1976
7 Uma Shankar Dixit 10.01.1976 02.08.1977
8 Govind Narian 02.08.1977 15.04.1983
9 A.N. Banerji 16.04.1983 25.02.1988
10 P.Venkatasubbaiah 26.02.1988 05.02.1990
11 Bhanu Pratham Sing 08.05.1990 06.01.1991
12 Khursheed Alam Khan 06.01.1991 02.12.1999
13 V.S. Ramadevi 02.12.1999 20.08.2002
14 T.N. Chaturvedi 21.08.2002 21.07.2007
15 Rameshwara Thakur 21.07.2007 28.06.2009
16 Hans Raj Bhardwaj 29.06.2009 28.06.2014
17 Sir. Konijeti Rosaiah 28.06.2014 31.08.2014
18 Sir Vajubhai Rudabhai Vala 01.09.2014 ….
Chief Ministers of the State From 1947
Sl.
Sriyuths Party From To
No
1 K. Changalaraya reddy INC 25.10.1947 30.03.1952
2 K.Hanumanthaiah INC 30.03.1952 19.08.1956
3 Kadidal Manjappa INC 19.08.1956 31.10.1956
4 S.Nijalingappa INC 01.11.1956 19.04.1957
5 S. Nijalingappa INC 19.04.1957 16.05.1958
6 B.D.Jatti INC 16.05.1958 09.03.1962
7 S.R. Kanthi INC 09.03.1962 20.06.1962
8 S.Nijalingappa INC 21.06.1962 03.03.1967
168 9 S. Nijalingappa INC 03.03.1967 28.05.1968
10 Veerendra Patil INC 29.05.1968 27.03.1971
President’s Rule-1 27.03.1971 20.03.1972
11 Devraj Urs INC 20.03.1972 31.12.1977
President’s Rule-2 31.12.1977 28.02.1978
12 D. Devraj Urs Con.1 28.02.1978 07.01.1980
13 R Gundu Rao INC 12.01.1980 10.01.1983
14 Ramakrishna Hegde Janatha 10.01.1983 02.01.1985
15 Ramakrishna Hegde Janatha 08.03.1985 13.02.1986
16 Ramakrishna Hegde Janatha 16.02.1986 11.08.1988
17 S.R.Bommai Janatha 13.08.1988 21.04.1989
President’s Rule -3 21.04.1989 30.11.1989
18 Veerendra Patil INC 30.11.1989 10.10.1990
President’s Rule -4 10.10.1990 17.10.1990
19 S. Bangarappa INC 17.10.1990 19.11.1992
20 M.Veerappa Moily INC 19.11.1992 11.12.1994
21 H.D.Devegowda Janathadal 11.12.1994 31.05.1996
22 J.H.Patil Janathadal 31.05.1996 11.10.1999
23 S.M.Krishna INC 11.10.1999 28.05.2004
24 N.Dharma Singh INC 28.05.2004 02.02.2006
25 H.D.Kumarswamy J.D (S) 02.02.2006 09.10.2007
President’s Rule-5 09.10.2007 13.11.2007
26 B.S.Yediyurappa BJP 13.11.2007 19.11.2007
President’s Rule-6 19.11.2007 30.05.2007
27 B.S.Yediyurappa BJP 30.05.2007 03.08.2011
28 D.V.Sadananda Gowda BJP 04.08.2011 12.07.2012
29 S.Jagadish Shettar BJP 12.07.2012 13.05.2013
30 Siddaramaiah INC 13.05.2013 15.05.2018
31 B.S Yediyurappa BJP 17.05.2018 19.05.2018
32 H.D Kumara Swamy JD (S) 23.05.2018 23.07.2019
33 B.S Yediyurappa BJP 26.07.2019 …. 169
HAND BOOK OF
170
KARNATAKA
Kanaganahalli Buddhist Stupa remnants, Kalaburagi Dist.
Madhukeshwara Temple Complex, Banavasi, Sirsi Taluk. Uttara Kannada Dist.
171
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
Renovation at Talakadu, T.N.Pura Taluk, Mysuru Dist.
Badami Ruins from the Hilltop, Bagalakote Dist.
172
Fort, Malakhed, Kalaburagi Dist.
Fort, Basava Kalyana, Bidar Dist.
173
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
Hoysala Ruins, Halebeedu, Hassan Dist.
1DWXUDO)RUWLÀFDWLRQDQG/DQGVFDSH+DPSL%DOODUL'LVW
174
An Early Photograph of Kalaburagi Fort
Fort, Bidar
175
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
An Early Photograph of Vijayapura Fort
176 Marketplace, Hampi, Ballari Dist.
Chapter III
PEOPLE
G
Population is comprised of Hindu - 83 per cent,
eographically, Karnataka forming a part of
Muslim -11 per cent, Christian - 4 per cent, Jains
the tableland of the Deccan Plateau, has
- 0.78 per cent and Buddhist - 0.73 per cent.
been often termed as an anthropological museum,
where the people of different racial traits are seen. Karnataka with a population of 6,10,95,297,
Apart from the Dravidians and Indo-Aryan races, retains the ninth rank as in 2001, in population
the land has notable strains of other categories too. among all the 28 States, and seven Union
The Muslim dynasties that ruled over the region Territories (including the National Capital
attracted considerable number of Turks, Afghans Territory of Delhi) and accounts for 5.05 per cent
and other people from the Middle-East. Proximity of Country’s population of 1,21,05,69,573 in
to Goa made many run-away Siddis from that 2011. Of the 6,10,95,297 persons enumerated in
region, believed to have come and settled down on the State, 3,09,66,657 are Males and 3,01,28,640
the territory bordering Goa, especially in Uttara are Females. Among the districts within the
Kannada and these people are called Siddhis. Of State, Bengaluru District is the most populated
late, certain settlements of the Tibetians have also District with 96,21,551 persons and accounts
come into existence. Some places on the coast like for 15.75 per cent of the State’s total population
Bhatkal has people of Arabic origin and who are while Kodagu District with a population share
locally called Navayats, having settled down there of 0.91 per cent is the least populated District.
for centuries. The Christian population here has a Except, Bengaluru Rural (9,90,923) and Kodagu
considerable strain of European element in it, as (5,54,519) Districts, all the remaining 28 districts
the Portuguese in Goa had married local women have population higher than one million. Of the
and considerable sections of Goan Christians have 6,10,95,297 persons enumerated in the State,
migrated to Karnataka. The contact, the coastal 3,74,69,335 persons reside in the Rural areas
people had with the Arab traders helped their and 2,36,25,962 persons reside in Urban areas.
mingling with the local population. Moreover, In terms of percentage, 61.33 per cent are Rural
various racial elements including both indigenous residents and 38.67 per cent are Urban residents.
and foreign; various religious movements and In terms of urbanization, the State has witnessed
customs have helped in evolving the Karnataka an increase of 4.68 per cent in the proportion
culture which has shaped the life of the people. of Urban population in the last decade. Among
the districts, Bengaluru is the most urbanized
Demography
District with 90.94 per cent of its population
According to 2001 census, Karnataka with residing in Urban areas followed by Dharwad
an area of 1,91,791 sq. km. has a population District (56.82 per cent), Dakshina Kannada
of 5,28,50,562 with 2,68,98,918 males and District (47.67 per cent), Mysuru District (41.50
2,59,51,644 females. Karnataka State ranks 9th per cent) and Ballari District (37.52 per cent).
among the 28 States and 7 Union Territories The least urbanized District in the State is Kodagu
in the Indian Union both in respect of area and with 14.61 per cent, preceded by Koppal District
population as per 2001 census. Karnataka’s (16.81 per cent), Mandya District (17.08 per cent),
population constitutes 5.1per cent of India’s Chamarajanagar District (17.14 per cent) and
population. Yadgir District (18.79 per cent).
According to 2011 Census, the Population of Growth of Population: As can be seen from
Karnataka has increased to 6,10,95,297 (Males the trends in growth of population, there was a
- 3,09,66,657 Females -3,01,28,640) with a sex fall in growth and a decrease during 1911-21 due 177
ratio of 968 females for every 1000 males. The WR HSLGHPLFV SODJXH DQG LQÁXHQ]D ,Q \HDUV
between 1901 and 1931 the population increased District, has witnessed the highest decennial
only about a million and a half. The rate of growth growth rate of 47.18 per cent followed by Yadgiri,
of population has accelerated from 1951 onwards. the newly created District, with 22.81 per cent.
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
The percentage growth rate of population during 7KHJDSLQWKHJURZWKUDWHEHWZHHQWKHÀUVWDQG
1981-91 was 21.12 (Rural 17.65 and Urban 29.62) second ranked district is a whopping 24.37 per
as against 26.76 during 1971-81. It reduced to cent. Chikkamagaluru District, a predominantly
17.51 per cent during 1991-2001 (Rural 19.07 plantation area in the Malnad region, is the
and Urban 50.65). Among the districts, during only District in the State which has registered a
1981-91 (Bengaluru District has recorded the negative growth rate of - 0.26 per cent. Kodagu
highest growth rate of 35.10 per cent and newly District another plantation area in the Malnad
formed Udupi district (1997) has registered the region with a growth rate of 1.09 per cent ranks
lowest growth rate of 7.10 per cent. 29, just above Chikkamagaluru District. Only 7
districts have registered decennial growth rates
During the decade 2001-11, the State population
higher than the State average of 15.60 per cent.
witnessed a net addition of 82,44,735 persons
Of the remaining 23 districts as many as 14
to its 2001 population of 5,28,50,562. The
districts have registered a growth rate of below
Male population increased by 40,67,739 and
10 per cent. Rapid Industrialization and growth
the Female population increased by 41,76,996.
of various metros in Karnataka has contributed
Continuing the population growth trends of
a lot towards its Population. Bengaluru, the
previous censuses, the State registered a growth
capital city witnessed a large number of migratory
rate of 15.60 per cent, recording a decline of -1.91
populations from other parts of India. With state
per cent in comparison to the growth of 17.51 per
government providing a better health services to
cent registered during the 2001 Census. While
the people, it has further resulted in controlling
the Rural population grew at the rate of 7.40
the health related problems in Karnataka. So
per cent, substantially less than the growth rate
with recent modernization in the state, Karnataka
of 12.29 per cent registered during the decade
has witnessed a decent growth in its Population.
1991-2001, the Urban population registered
The district-wise population of the State in 2011
a growth rate of 31.54 per cent, slightly higher
and the percentage of decennial increase between
than the growth rate of 29.15 per cent recorded
2001 and 2011 are as follows. See Table 3.1 to
in 2001 Census. Among the districts, Bengaluru
Table 3.1 Population in Karnataka Rural and Urban 1961 to 2011
Year Total Rural Urban
1961 2,35,86,772 1,83,20,279 52,66,493
1971 2,92,99,014 2,21,76,921 71,22,093
1981 3,71,35,714 2,64,06,108 1,07,29,606
1991 4,49,77,201 3,10,69,413 1,39,07,788
2001 5,28,50,562 3,48,89,033 1,79,61,529
178 2011 6,10,95,297 3,74,69,335 2,36,25,962
Table 3.2 Population 1961 to 2011 in Karnataka
Year Population Decadal variation Per cent* Variation Males Females
1961 2,35,86,772 - - 1,20,40,923 1,15,45,849
1971 2,92,99,014 57,12,242 24.22 1,49,71,900 1,43,27,114
1981 3,71,35,714 78,36,700 26.75 1,89,22,627 1,82,13,087
1991 4,49,77,201 78,41,487 21.12 2,29,51,917 2,20,25,284
2001 5,28,50,562 78,73,361 17.51 2,68,98,918 2,59,51,644
2011 6,10,95,297 82,44,735 15.60 3,09,66,657 3,01,28,640
Per cent variation= (Population 1971-1961 Population)*100,
Source : Census of India , Karnataka Series 1961 to 2011 .
PEOPLE
1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
Total Rural Urban
Note : 34.5 millions persons live in Rural areas as per Census 2001 - more than two - third of the total population; 23.6 million
persons livein Urban areas
179
Table 3.3 Child Population (0-6 years) and Proportion by residence : 2011 (Persons)
Proportion of Child Population
Child Population
KARNATAKA
(0-6 Years) 2011
HAND BOOK OF
State / District 2001 2011
Sl.
No
Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban
KARNATAKA 71,61,033 45,17,645 26,43,388 13.59 14.15 12.51 11.72 12.06 11.19
1 Belagavi 6,26,269 4,87,103 1,39,166 14.81 15.38 12.98 13.10 13.65 11.49
2 Bagalkot 2,71,908 1,93,893 78,015 16.03 16.77 14.23 14.39 15.01 13.05
3 Vijayapura 3,18,406 2,51,849 66,557 15.87 16.25 14.55 14.62 15.03 13.26
4 Bidar 2,24,442 1,68,796 55,646 16.08 16.09 16.01 13.18 13.21 13.06
5 Raichur 2,83,733 2,19,804 63,929 16.95 17.74 14.60 14.71 15.28 13.04
6 Koppal 2,01,654 1,70,550 31,104 17.39 17.83 15.18 14.51 14.75 13.31
7 Gadag 1,32,442 87,350 45,092 14.18 14.57 13.47 12.44 12.75 11.89
8 Dharwad 2,19,942 1,01,160 1,18,782 13.61 14.63 12.76 11.91 12.68 11.32
9 Uttara Kannada 1,50,115 1,06,741 43,374 12.82 13.23 11.79 10.45 10.48 10.35
10 Haveri 1,95,317 1,52,010 43,307 14.16 14.15 14.17 12.23 12.24 12.18
11 Ballari 3,44,152 2,22,971 1,21,181 15.74 16.75 13.85 14.03 14.55 13.17
12 Chitradurga 1,84,280 1,49,294 34,986 13.15 13.36 12.18 11.10 11.23 10.62
13 Davanagere 2,17,731 1,47,770 69,961 13.42 13.66 12.84 11.19 11.22 11.12
14 Shivamogga 1,82,751 1,19,703 63,048 12.67 13.17 11.74 10.43 10.60 10.11
15 Udupi 1,03,160 74,293 28,867 10.30 10.56 9.18 8.76 8.81 8.64
16 Chikkamagaluru 1,05,328 82,205 23,123 12.15 12.29 11.60 9.26 9.15 9.65
17 Tumakuru 2,65,742 2,03,685 62,057 11.92 11.94 11.83 9.92 9.79 10.36
18 Bengaluru 10,52,837 1,00,793 9,52,044 11.82 13.06 11.65 10.94 11.56 10.88
19 Mandya 1,72,685 1,41,058 31,627 11.63 11.60 11.79 9.56 9.42 10.26
20 Hassan 1,65,637 1,28,037 37,600 11.60 11.64 11.39 9.32 9.15 9.98
21 Dakshina Kannada 2,08,297 1,11,076 97,221 12.02 12.47 11.29 9.97 10.16 9.76
22 Kodagu 54,733 46,781 7,952 12.68 12.78 12.05 9.87 9.88 9.82
23 Mysuru 3,05,561 1,84,028 1,21,533 12.25 12.83 11.27 10.18 10.48 9.76
24 Chamarajanagar 1,00,648 82,603 18,045 11.90 11.95 11.64 9.86 9.77 10.31
25 Kalaburagi 3,65,372 2,54,972 1,10,400 16.50 17.07 15.26 14.24 14.73 13.21
26 Yadgir 1,90,279 1,58,127 32,152 18.58 18.98 16.65 16.20 16.58 14.57
27 Kolar 1,70,423 1,16,231 54,192 13.41 13.65 12.80 11.09 11.00 11.29
28 Chikkaballapur 1,32,286 1,00,028 32,258 13.10 13.14 12.95 10.54 10.27 11.47
29 Bengaluru Rural 1,07,062 77,405 29,657 12.61 12.55 12.81 10.80 10.72 11.04
30 Ramanagara 1,07,841 77,329 30,512 11.48 11.16 12.69 9.96 9.49 11.40
180 Source : Census of India -2011 Data Highlights, Karnataka Series 30
Table 3.4 Child Population (0-6 years) and proportion by residence : 2011 (Males)
Proportion of Child Population
Child Population
(0-6 Years) 2011
State / District 2001 2011
Sl.
No
Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban
KARNATAKA 36,75,291 23,17,069 13,58,222 13.72 14.35 12.52 11.87 12.24 11.28
1 Belagavi 3,23,761 2,51,599 72,162 15.11 15.71 13.22 13.36 13.89 11.79
2 Bagalkot 1,40,551 1,00,150 40,401 16.37 17.11 14.58 14.79 15.40 13.47
3 Vijayapura 1,64,856 1,30,258 34,598 16.06 16.40 14.82 14.84 15.19 13.65
4 Bidar 1,15,550 86,615 28,935 16.13 16.17 16.03 13.27 13.30 13.19
5 Raichur 1,45,468 1,12,671 32,797 17.12 17.95 14.67 15.08 15.69 13.30
6 Koppal 1,03,016 87,254 15,762 17.65 18.13 15.28 14.72 14.97 13.48
7 Gadag 68,025 44,898 23,127 14.31 14.72 13.55 12.66 12.92 12.20
8 Dharwad 1,13,127 52,331 60,796 13.65 14.66 12.81 12.07 12.78 11.52
9 Uttara Kannada 76,794 54,554 22,240 12.98 13.40 11.93 10.57 10.59 10.52
PEOPLE
10 Haveri 1,00,369 77,825 22,240 14.06 14.03 14.18 12.25 12.19 12.48
11 Ballari 1,75,543 1,13,910 61,633 15.92 16.94 14.01 14.19 14.72 13.32
12 Chitradurga 94,629 76,667 17,962 13.21 13.43 12.21 11.25 11.35 10.87
13 Davanagere 1,11,793 75,951 35,842 13.46 13.71 12.88 11.33 11.37 11.27
14 Shivamogga 93,221 61,149 32,072 12.81 13.35 11.82 10.62 10.81 10.29
15 Udupi 52,689 37,902 14,787 11.20 11.61 9.52 9.37 9.50 9.06
16 Chikkamagaluru 53,493 41,714 11,779 12.31 12.47 11.65 9.44 9.32 9.89
17 Tumakuru 1,35,671 1,03,989 31,682 12.03 12.09 11.79 10.05 9.92 10.49
18 Bengaluru 5,41,656 51,616 4,90,040 11.60 12.79 11.44 10.78 11.12 10.75
19 Mandya 89,063 72,792 16,271 11.94 11.96 11.83 9.84 9.69 10.58
20 Hassan 83,971 64,762 19,209 11.87 11.93 11.59 9.50 9.31 10.21
21 Dakshina Kannada 1,06,985 56,932 50,053 12.45 13.03 11.55 10.34 10.51 10.15
22 Kodagu 27,676 23,648 4,028 12.80 12.96 11.84 10.08 10.10 9.96
23 Mysuru 1,55,807 93,757 62,050 12.27 12.80 11.36 10.31 10.56 9.94
24 Chamarajanagar 51,529 42,281 9,248 11.94 11.99 11.70 10.06 9.95 10.59
25 Kalaburagi 1,88,076 1,31,174 56,902 16.74 17.37 15.41 14.45 14.95 13.40
26 Yadgir 97,522 80,922 16,600 18.87 19.28 16.88 16.52 16.89 14.92
27 Kolar 86,845 59,459 27,386 13.49 13.69 12.99 11.19 11.10 11.37
28 Chikkaballapur 67,734 51,117 16,617 13.19 13.25 12.96 10.64 10.34 11.70
29 Bengaluru Rural 54,908 39,747 15,161 12.65 12.59 12.86 10.78 10.70 11.00
30 Ramanagara 54,963 39,425 15,538 11.60 11.29 12.73 10.03 9.56 11.46
Source : Census of India -2011 Data Highlights, Karnataka Series 30 181
Table 3.5 Child Population (0-6 years) and Proportion by Residence : 2011 (Females)
Proportion of Child Population
Child Population
(0-6 Years) 2011
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
State / District 2001 2011
Sl.
No
Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban
KARNATAKA 34,85,742 22,00,576 12,85,166 13.45 13.94 12.49 11.57 11.87 11.09
1 Belagavi 3,02,508 2,35,504 67,004 14.49 15.05 12.73 12.84 13.40 11.18
2 Bagalkot 1,31,357 93,743 37,614 15.69 16.43 13.88 13.95 14.61 12.62
3 Vijayapura 1,53,550 1,21,591 31,959 15.68 16.08 14.27 14.40 14.87 12.86
4 Bidar 1,08,892 82,181 26,711 16.01 16.02 16.00 13.08 13.13 12.93
5 Raichur 1,38,265 1,07,133 31,132 16.79 17.53 14.53 14.34 14.87 12.77
6 Koppal 98,638 83,296 15,342 17.12 17.53 15.07 14.30 14.53 13.14
7 Gadag 64,417 42,452 21,965 14.05 14.42 13.38 12.21 12.57 11.58
8 Dharwad 1,06,815 48,829 57,986 13.56 14.61 12.71 11.74 12.58 11.11
9 Uttara Kannada 73,321 52,187 21,134 12.65 13.06 11.64 10.31 10.37 10.18
10 Haveri 94,948 74,185 20,763 14.26 14.28 14.15 12.20 12.29 11.88
11 Ballari 1,68,609 1,09,061 59,548 15.56 16.56 13.68 13.87 14.38 13.02
12 Chitradurga 89,651 72,627 17,024 13.08 13.28 12.16 10.95 11.10 10.36
13 Davanagere 1,05,938 71,819 34,119 13.37 13.62 12.81 11.05 11.08 10.98
14 Shivamogga 89,530 58,554 30,976 12.53 12.99 11.66 10.23 10.40 9.92
15 Udupi 50,471 36,391 14,080 9.50 9.65 8.85 8.20 8.19 8.24
16 Chikkamagaluru 51,835 40,491 11,344 11.99 12.10 11.54 9.07 8.98 9.42
17 Tumakuru 1,30,071 99,696 30,375 11.81 11.79 11.88 9.79 9.67 10.22
18 Bengaluru 5,11,181 49,177 4,62,004 12.05 13.36 11.88 11.12 12.07 11.02
19 Mandya 83,622 68,266 15,356 11.32 11.23 11.75 9.28 9.15 9.94
20 Hassan 81,666 63,275 18,391 11.33 11.35 11.20 9.15 8.99 9.75
21 Dakshina Kannada 1,01,312 54,144 47,168 11.59 11.94 11.03 9.60 9.81 9.38
22 Kodagu 27,057 23,133 3,924 12.56 12.61 12.26 9.67 9.66 9.68
23 Mysuru 1,49,754 90,271 59,483 12.24 12.86 11.18 10.05 10.40 9.57
24 Chamarajanagar 49,119 40,322 8,797 11.87 11.92 11.57 9.66 9.58 10.04
25 Kalaburagi 1,77,296 1,23,798 53,498 16.25 16.76 15.11 14.02 14.50 13.02
26 Yadgir 92,757 77,205 15,552 18.29 18.67 16.41 15.88 16.27 14.21
27 Kolar 83,578 56,772 26,806 13.32 13.61 12.62 11.00 10.90 11.21
28 Chikkaballapur 64,552 48,911 15,641 13.01 13.02 12.94 10.43 10.20 11.24
29 Bengaluru Rural 52,154 37,658 14,496 12.57 12.51 12.75 10.83 10.73 11.07
30 Ramanagara 52,878 37,904 14,974 11.36 11.03 12.64 9.89 9.42 11.33
182 Source : Census of India -2011 Data Highlights, Karnataka Series 30
Table 3.6 Districts Ranked as per Sex Ratio
Karnataka: 2011
Top 3 Districts Bottom 3 Districts
Udupi 1,094 Bengaluru 916
Dakshina Bengaluru
1,020 946
Kannada Rural
Kodagu 1,019 Haveri 950
6H[5DWLRLVGHÀQHGDVWKHQXPEHURIIHPDOHVSHUPDOHV
Table 3.7 Sex Ratio by District 2011
Sl. Sex Ratio
Name of District
No. Total Rural Urban
1 Belagavi 973 970 979
2 Bagalkot 989 987 994
3 Vijayapura 960 954 981
Sex Ratio
7KH6H[5DWLRLVGHÀQHGDVWKHQXPEHURIIHPDOHV 4 Bidar 956 961 941
for every 1000 males in a given area. The Sex Ratio 5 Raichur 1,000 1,004 989
of population in 2001 was 965. The rural Sex Ratio
6 Koppal 986 983 998
was 977 and that of the urban ratio was 942, as
PEOPLE
FRPSDUHGWRWKHÀJXUHVWRWKDWRI 5XUDO 7 Gadag 982 971 1,001
Urban 930, Total 960). The Sex Ratio has almost 8 Dharwad 971 948 989
remained the same for the total population of
9 Uttara Kannada 979 977 982
the state with a slight decrease in the number of
females whereas in the rural areas the ratio was 10 Haveri 950 946 968
higher than urban areas, it was a little less during 11 Ballari 983 980 988
2001.
12 Chitradurga 974 969 994
The Sex Ratio in Karnataka has increased from 13 Davanagere 972 970 977
965 in 2001 to 973 in 2011. The Sex Ratio for
14 Shivamogga 998 995 1,002
Rural population has increased from 977 in 2001
to 979 in 2011. For the Urban population, the Sex 15 Udupi 1,094 1,114 1,046
Ratio has registered a spectacular increase of 21 16 Chikkamagaluru 1,008 1,008 1,011
per cent, from 942 to 963 in the last decade. The
17 Tumakuru 984 983 984
Sex Ratio for Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe
SRSXODWLRQLVLGHQWLFDODW DQGLVVLJQLÀFDQWO\ 18 Bengaluru 916 877 920
higher than that of the State. Among the districts, 19 Mandya 995 993 1,004
the highest overall Sex Ratio of 1094 is recorded
20 Hassan 1,010 1,012 1,003
in Udupi District and the lowest of 916 is recorded
in Bengaluru District. However, the highest of 21 Dakshina Kannada 1,020 1,020 1,020
1094 now recorded in Udupi District is lower than 22 Kodagu 1,019 1,022 1,002
1,130 recorded in 2001 and the lowest of 916
23 Mysuru 985 978 996
now recorded in Bengaluru District is higher than
908 recorded in 2001. Perceptible increase in Sex 24 Chamarajanagar 993 991 1,003
Ratio seen in Chikkamagaluru (+24), Kodagu (+23) 25 Kalaburagi 971 973 968
Chamarajanagar (+22), Dharwad (+22), Mysuru
26 Yadgiri 989 990 984
(+21), Davanagere (+21), Shivamogga (+20) and
Chitradurga (+18). Female population is higher 27 Kolar 979 973 992
than male population in Chikkamagaluru, Kodagu, 28 Chikkaballapura 972 970 980
Hassan, Dakshina Kannada and Udupi. Inspite of
29 Bengaluru Rural 946 945 950
favourable Sex Ratio, it declined in Udupi (-36)
and Dakshina Kannada (-2). For more details see 30 Ramanagara 976 976 975
183
Table 3.6 to 3.10. Source: Census of India 2011
Table 3.8 Sex Ratio (Number of females per 1000 males) among Scheduled Castes by residence:
2001-2011
KARNATAKA
Sex Ratio 2001 Sex Ratio 2011
HAND BOOK OF
SL. State / District
Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban
No
KARNATAKA 973 977 961 990 987 995
1 Belagavi 979 976 993 997 989 1,026
2 Bagalkot 1,021 1,026 1,004 1,018 1,016 1,024
3 Vijayapura 953 956 941 955 952 973
4 Bidar 945 948 925 957 956 960
5 Raichur 991 995 978 1,001 1,000 1,007
6 Koppal 997 997 1,000 999 993 1,040
7 Gadag 969 967 974 985 977 1,007
8 Dharwad 969 969 970 995 963 1,018
9 Uttara Kannada 986 983 993 1,013 1,002 1,037
10 Haveri 946 943 968 960 956 986
11 Ballari 985 989 974 1,001 994 1,018
12 Chitradurga 955 956 948 977 972 1,008
13 Davanagere 956 963 924 980 978 987
14 Shivamogga 977 974 988 1,007 1,000 1,027
15 Udupi 1,030 1,032 1,019 1,039 1,040 1,038
16 Chikkamagaluru 996 1,001 964 1,029 1,026 1,045
17 Tumakuru 966 971 931 991 991 994
18 Bengaluru 956 966 953 972 965 973
19 Mandya 999 1,004 973 1,015 1,013 1,023
20 Hassan 1,006 1,011 969 1,030 1,030 1,033
21 Dakshina Kannada 993 988 1,008 1,021 1,011 1,043
22 Kodagu 1,020 1,025 984 1,058 1,061 1,038
23 Mysuru 969 974 956 993 989 1,001
24 Chamarajanagar 957 960 932 982 981 988
25 Kalaburagi 952 962 921 965 963 974
26 Yadgir 984 988 953 992 993 988
27 Kolar 991 987 1,002 1,003 996 1,020
28 Chikkaballapur 975 976 966 983 982 986
29 Bengaluru Rural 971 973 954 989 990 983
30 Ramanagara 967 967 966 986 982 1,004
184 Source : Census of India -2011 Data Highlights, Karnataka Series 30
Table 3.9 Sex Ratio (Number of females per 1000 males) among
Scheduled Tribes by residence: 2001-2011
Sex Ratio 2001 Sex Ratio 2011
Sl. State / District
No Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban
KARNATAKA 972 975 960 990 990 993
1 Belagavi 980 980 975 999 997 1,011
2 Bagalkot 996 995 1,000 1,005 1,004 1,011
3 Vijayapura 944 941 973 974 963 1,025
4 Bidar 950 952 920 969 967 989
5 Raichur 993 996 961 1,016 1,017 1,002
6 Koppal 978 977 992 985 982 1,028
7 Gadag 961 965 941 990 981 1,034
8 Dharwad 944 937 956 982 958 1,015
9 Uttara Kannada 985 990 969 1,003 1,000 1,017
PEOPLE
10 Haveri 941 942 936 961 955 1,010
11 Ballari 985 981 1,000 1,002 993 1,029
12 Chitradurga 955 956 943 978 971 1,032
13 Davanagere 961 966 936 979 978 982
14 Shivamogga 969 970 968 1,000 995 1,016
15 Udupi 1,023 1,020 1,043 1,017 1,016 1,019
16 Chikkamagaluru 994 1,000 936 1,045 1,045 1,043
17 Tumakuru 962 966 935 991 988 1,008
18 Bengaluru 913 948 904 918 902 921
19 Mandya 978 961 1,043 981 970 1,020
20 Hassan 989 999 890 1,022 1,025 1,009
21 Dakshina Kannada 993 1,004 927 1,008 1,009 1,008
22 Kodagu 996 997 938 1,036 1,037 1,025
23 Mysuru 983 982 986 1,007 1,004 1,017
24 Chamarajanagar 994 989 1,016 1,025 1,020 1,047
25 Kalaburagi 956 956 957 988 985 999
26 Yadgir 989 990 977 996 993 1,016
27 Kolar 980 983 932 972 979 897
28 Chikkaballapur 969 971 949 977 980 953
29 Bengaluru Rural 955 959 917 949 947 957
30 Ramanagara 945 950 916 975 977 964
185
Source : Census of India -2011 Data Highlights, Karnataka Series 30
Table 3.10 Child Sex Ratio (0-6 years) by residence : 2001 -2011
Child Sex Ratio
Child Sex Ratio (0-6 Years) 2011
(0-6 Years) 2001
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
Sl. State / District
No Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban
KARNATAKA 946 949 940 948 950 946
1 Belagavi 921 923 915 934 936 929
2 Bagalkot 940 945 924 935 936 931
3 Vijayapura 928 932 914 931 933 924
4 Bidar 941 948 921 942 949 923
5 Raichur 964 969 948 950 951 949
6 Koppal 953 952 958 958 955 973
7 Gadag 952 950 955 947 946 950
8 Dharwad 943 942 944 944 933 954
9 Uttara Kannada 946 947 945 955 957 950
10 Haveri 957 959 946 946 953 921
11 Ballari 947 953 934 960 957 966
12 Chitradurga 946 947 944 947 947 948
13 Davanagere 946 950 934 948 946 952
14 Shivamogga 956 957 954 960 958 966
15 Udupi 958 957 966 958 960 952
16 Chikkamagaluru 959 960 952 969 971 963
17 Tumakuru 949 950 946 959 959 959
18 Bengaluru 943 953 941 944 953 943
19 Mandya 934 929 960 939 938 944
20 Hassan 958 964 932 973 977 957
21 Dakshina Kannada 952 947 960 947 951 942
22 Kodagu 977 975 988 978 978 974
23 Mysuru 962 967 952 961 963 959
24 Chamarajanagar 964 965 960 953 954 951
25 Kalaburagi 931 939 911 943 944 940
26 Yadgir 952 955 938 951 954 937
27 Kolar 965 971 949 962 955 979
28 Chikkaballapur 952 953 949 953 957 941
29 Bengaluru Rural 939 944 925 950 947 956
30 Ramanagara 945 947 938 962 961 964
186
Source : Census of India -2011 Data Highlights, Karnataka Series 30
Density of Population were Haveri, Udupi, Bidar, Hassan and Bagalkot
The number of persons for every sq. km. area districts; with a density between 200 and 250
is called the density of population. The density of were Bidar, Chitradurga, Hassan and Tumakuru.
population in the state was 235 in 1991 as against Raichur, Tumakuru, Ballari, Gadag, Mysuru and
193 in 1981 which is less than that of the country Mandya districts have an urban density of more
(267 in 1991 as against 230 in 1981). Among than 5,000. The density of population of the state
35 states and union territories inthe country was 319 in 2011 as against 276 in 2001. The
Karnataka occupies the 19th place in 2011 against density of population of Bengaluru metropolitan
20th position in density of population in 1991 and city was 4,378 in 2011 as against to 2,985 in
2001. According to 2001 census Bengaluru Urban 2001. Including Bengaluru Rural district,
District has registered the highest density of 2,985 Mysuru, Dharwad and Dakshina Kannada
persons per sq. km, and the lowest density per districts have a density of more than 400 persons
sq.km. was recorded in Kodagu (134) and Uttara per sq. km. Those with a density between 300 to
Kannada (132) districts. The density of population 390 were Haveri, Udupi, Bidar, Kolar, Mandya,
in the urban area of Bengaluru district in 2001 Belagavi, Davanagere, Ramanagar and Ballari
was 10,375 per sq. km. and next comes Mysuru districts; with a density between 200 and 298 were
district which has a density of 5,508 per sq. km. in Chamrajanagar, Shivamogga, Vijayapura, Yadgir,
the urban areas. Apart from Bengaluru, Dakshina Raichur, Gadag, Kalaburagi, Koppal, Tumakuru,
Kannada, Mysuru, Mandya, Dharwad, Bengaluru Hassan, Bagalkot and Chikkaballapur districts.
Rural, Belagavi, Kolar and Davangere districts Uttar Kannada (140) and Kodagu (135) have the
have a density of more than 300 persons per sq. lowest density of population in the State. For more
PEOPLE
km. Those with a density between 250 and 300 details see Table 3.11 and 3.12.
Table 3.11 Area, Population, Density, Average Household Size in Karnataka (1961 to 2011)
Per cent
Density per Per cent of urban Average house
Year Area Population density
sq.km. population hold size
increase
1961 191,791 2,35,86,772 123 - 22.33 5.34
1971 191,791 2,92,99,014 153 24.39 24.31 5.83
1981 191,791 3,71,35,714 193 26.14 28.89 5.80
1991 191,791 4,49,77,202 235 21.76 30.92 5.52
2001 191,791 5,28,50,562 276 17.45 33.99 4.18
2011 191,791 6,10,95,297 319 15.58 38.57 4.64
Table 3.12 District Wise Density of Population in Karnataka (2001-2011 Census)
Density of Population (per sq. km.)
Sl.No State / District
2001 2011
KARNATAKA 276 319
1 Belagavi 314 356
2 Bagalkot 252 288
3 Vijayapura 172 207 187
4 Bidar 276 313
5 Raichur 198 228
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
6 Koppal 215 250
7 Gadag 209 229
8 Dharwad 377 434
9 Uttara Kannada 132 140
10 Haveri 298 331
11 Ballari 240 290
12 Chitradurga 180 197
13 Davanagere 302 328
14 Shivamogga 194 207
15 Udupi 311 329
16 Chikkamagaluru 158 158
17 Tumakuru 244 253
18 Bengaluru 2,977 4,381
19 Mandya 355 364
20 Hassan 253 261
21 Dakshina Kannada 390 430
22 Kodagu 134 135
23 Mysuru 419 476
24 Chamarajanagar 171 181
25 Kalaburagi 199 234
26 Yadgir 181 223
27 Kolar 349 386
28 Chikkaballapur 271 296
29 Bengaluru Rural 370 431
30 Ramanagara 293 308
188 Source : Census of India , Karnataka Series 2001 and 2011 .
Marital Status
According to 1991 census the total number of married person under the age group 15 - 44 in the
VWDWH ZDV PDOHV IHPDOHV DQG WKH SHUFHQWDJH RI WKHVH ÀJXUHV WR
the total population was 64.24 per cent (53.75 per cent for males and 75.05 per cent for females).
Likewise according to 2001 census the total number of married persons between 15 - 44 age group was
2,56,43,500 (1,30,79,600 males and 1,25,63,900 females) and among them 1,24,400 persons (19,200
males and 1,05,200 females) of between age group 15 and 44 were either divorced or got separated.
According to the census reports, the number of unmarried persons is gradually decreasing from 1961
to 2001. But, the number of widows and the separated women were higher than the widowers. Likewise,
among the SC and ST population, the number of married women and the widows have also increased
to that of male numbers. In the given tables, as per the 2001 census, percentage of Marital Status
and Mean Age at marriage in Karnataka is here in furnished. For more details see Table 3.13 to 3.17.
Table 3.13 Marital Status from 1961-2001
Marital Status
Divorced/ 8QVSHFLÀHG
Year Never Married Married Widowed
Separated status
M F M F M F M F M F
1961 57.58 45.02 38.92 42.04 3.16 12.36 0.25 0.46 0.10 0.11
PEOPLE
1971 59.35 48.05 38.11 41.19 2.27 10.35 0.20 0.37 0.07 0.04
1981 59.41 48.13 38.64 42.01 1.83 9.51 0.12 0.35 - -
1991 59.50 48.10 38.60 42.00 1.80 9.50 0.10 0.40 - -
2001 54.94 43.33 43.60 47.16 1.33 8.95 0.13 0.56 - -
Source: Census of India , Karnataka Series 1961 to 2001
Table 3.14 Mean Age at Marriage in Karnataka 1961 to 2001
Total Rural Urban
Males Females Males Females Males Females
1961 24.52 16.92 24.09 16.63 25.77 18.15
1971 25.12 18.15 24.56 17.65 26.45 19.48
1981 25.90 19.41 25.32 18.84 27.02 20.58
1991 26.21 20.14 25.65 19.65 27.22 21.09
2001 26.71 20.86 26.27 20.42 27.41 21.59
Note : Mean Age at Marriage Calculated by Hajanal’s method
Source : 1. Census of India 2001, Social and Cultural Tables, Karnataka.
2. Census of India 1961, 1971, 1981, 1991, Social and Cultural Tables, Karnataka.
Table 3.15 Marital Status of Karnataka (Total) 2011
Total Population Never Married Currently Married
Age group P M F P M F P M F
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
All ages 61095297 30966657 30128640 27045469 15545658 11499811 30308035 14887994 15420041
0-9 10288228 5278694 5009534 10288228 5278694 5009534 0 0 0 189
Table 3.15 Continued...
10-14 5736646 2955287 2781359 5613604 2915288 2698316 114206 36520 77686
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
15-19 5827277 3042048 2785229 5158732 2943591 2215141 652905 94118 558787
20-24 6052558 3109586 2942972 3474126 2498288 975838 2533903 604124 1929779
25-29 5771606 2879254 2892352 1562681 1267040 295641 4114673 1598779 2515894
30-34 4698380 2389594 2308786 448550 354417 94133 4111408 2015944 2095464
35-39 4695451 2319088 2376363 163691 112203 51488 4321427 2181584 2139843
40-44 3826712 1977768 1848944 83183 49064 34119 3491343 1898660 1592683
45-49 3519782 1804833 1714949 53206 27901 25305 3150927 1740811 1410116
50-54 2699270 1381969 1317301 37796 18132 19664 2314577 1322533 992044
55-59 2142504 1056054 1086450 26581 12099 14482 1782762 1001992 780770
60-64 2060052 994630 1065422 31781 13738 18043 1519470 916113 603357
65-69 1520119 723687 796432 28293 13348 14945 1025559 644798 380761
70-74 1061125 510419 550706 15908 7320 8588 612169 434871 177298
75-79 524426 249834 274592 7512 3398 4114 280793 202168 78625
80+ 625310 268502 356808 23458 13450 10008 266941 187804 79137
Age not stated 45851 25410 20441 28139 17687 10452 14972 7175 7797
Less than 18 19348199 9980895 9367304 19009356 9895297 9114059 322076 79692 242384
Less than 21 23376316 12038159 11338157 22055248 11812852 10242396 1287587 216003 1071584
Table 3.15 Continued...
Widowed Separated Divorced 8QVSHFL¿HG
Age
P M F P M F P M F P M F
group
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
All
3452273 462844 2989429 251572 60172 191400 37948 9989 27959 0 0 0
ages
0-9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
10-14 4075 1164 2911 4320 2111 2209 441 204 237 0 0 0
15-19 8706 1882 6824 6101 2205 3896 833 252 581 0 0 0
20-24 26138 3652 22486 15805 3102 12703 2586 420 2166 0 0 0
25-29 61145 7407 53738 28353 5114 23239 4754 914 3840 0 0 0
30-34 99106 11293 87813 33567 6541 27026 5749 1399 4350 0 0 0
35-39 164880 15428 149452 39206 8169 31037 6247 1704 4543 0 0 0
40-44 212257 20587 191670 34792 7934 26858 5137 1523 3614 0 0 0
45-49 282674 28103 254571 28998 6906 22092 3977 1112 2865 0 0 0
50-54 323912 35349 288563 20292 5168 15124 2693 787 1906 0 0 0
55-59 318821 38000 280821 12570 3462 9108 1770 501 1269 0 0 0
190
60-64 495327 60940 434387 11950 3376 8574 1524 463 1061 0 0 0
65-69 457851 62747 395104 7460 2495 4965 956 299 657 0 0 0
70-74 428185 66245 361940 4257 1783 2474 606 200 406 0 0 0
75-79 234133 43342 190791 1743 846 897 245 80 165 0 0 0
80+ 332604 66268 266336 1928 876 1052 379 104 275 0 0 0
Age not
2459 437 2022 230 84 146 51 27 24 0 0 0
stated
Less
8832 2214 6618 7152 3329 3823 783 363 420 0 0 0
than 18
Less
18095 3840 14255 13562 4938 8624 1824 526 1298 0 0 0
than 21
Source : Census of India, 2011.
Table 3.16 Marital Status of Karnataka (Rural) 2011
Total Population Never Married Currently Married
Age
Group P M F P M F P M F
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
PEOPLE
All ages 37469335 18929354 18539981 16506617 9514261 6992356 18456842 9058461 9398381
0-9 6489114 3326513 3162601 6489114 3326513 3162601 0 0 0
10-14 3662475 1889725 1772750 3590947 1867346 1723601 66528 20454 46074
15-19 3658264 1933809 1724455 3219546 1872963 1346583 428800 58306 370494
20-24 3549425 1849584 1699841 1938983 1456152 482831 1580612 389275 1191337
25-29 3283508 1645487 1638021 800163 670023 130140 2420171 967252 1452919
30-34 2657749 1332397 1325352 221783 179349 42434 2344912 1141405 1203507
35-39 2770958 1337639 1433319 80238 54996 25242 2554919 1267035 1287884
40-44 2320355 1183334 1137021 41184 23657 17527 2116654 1140477 976177
45-49 2165676 1103911 1061765 25880 13226 12654 1939887 1067087 872800
50-54 1665456 844160 821296 18347 8755 9592 1426010 808231 617779
55-59 1323457 636709 686748 12259 5823 6436 1102630 603762 498868
60-64 1352255 642294 709961 15370 6791 8579 993453 591409 402044
65-69 1039482 491844 547638 13656 6601 7055 698815 438658 260157
70-74 736309 352315 383994 7755 3739 4016 417719 300123 117596
75-79 350060 166285 183775 3544 1756 1788 184912 134543 50369
80+ 418963 179395 239568 11678 6827 4851 172917 126588 46329
Age not
25829 13953 11876 16170 9744 6426 7903 3856 4047
stated
Less than 18 12264302 6339510 5924792 12057294 6289635 5767659 197158 46552 150606
Less than 21 14762562 7629209 7133353 13896126 7489076 6407050 845178 134761 710417 191
Table 3.16 Continued...
Widowed Separated Divorced 8QVSHFL¿HG
KARNATAKA
Age Group P M F P M F P M F P M F
HAND BOOK OF
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
All ages 2304883 311363 1993520 179166 40265 138901 21827 5004 16823 0 0 0
0-9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
10-14 2355 675 1680 2464 1171 1293 181 79 102 0 0 0
15-19 5590 1175 4415 3835 1244 2591 493 121 372 0 0 0
20-24 17108 2236 14872 11008 1714 9294 1714 207 1507 0 0 0
25-29 40307 4645 35662 19946 3064 16882 2921 503 2418 0 0 0
30-34 63979 6732 57247 23789 4176 19613 3286 735 2551 0 0 0
35-39 104548 9423 95125 27851 5381 22470 3402 804 2598 0 0 0
40-44 134471 13016 121455 25174 5441 19733 2872 743 2129 0 0 0
45-49 177049 18349 158700 20703 4739 15964 2157 510 1647 0 0 0
50-54 204849 23173 181676 14709 3615 11094 1541 386 1155 0 0 0
55-59 198698 24472 174226 8917 2415 6502 953 237 716 0 0 0
60-64 333628 41319 292309 8887 2510 6377 917 265 652 0 0 0
65-69 320700 44434 276266 5684 1975 3709 627 176 451 0 0 0
70-74 307172 46917 260255 3290 1413 1877 373 123 250 0 0 0
75-79 160183 29285 130898 1291 662 629 130 39 91 0 0 0
80+ 232689 45238 187451 1447 681 766 232 61 171 0 0 0
Age not stated 1557 274 1283 171 64 107 28 15 13 0 0 0
Less than 18 5345 1314 4031 4144 1860 2284 361 149 212 0 0 0
Less than 21 11673 2381 9292 8531 2764 5767 1054 227 827 0 0 0
Source : Census of India, 2011.
Table 3.17 Marital Status of Karnataka (Urban) 2011
Total Population Never Married Currently Married
Age P M F P M F P M F
Group
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
All ages 23625962 12037303 11588659 10538852 6031397 4507455 11851193 5829533 6021660
0-9 3799114 1952181 1846933 3799114 1952181 1846933 0 0 0
10-14 2074171 1065562 1008609 2022657 1047942 974715 47678 16066 31612
15-19 2169013 1108239 1060774 1939186 1070628 868558 224105 35812 188293
20-24 2503133 1260002 1243131 1535143 1042136 493007 953291 214849 738442
25-29 2488098 1233767 1254331 762518 597017 165501 1694502 631527 1062975
30-34 2040631 1057197 983434 226767 175068 51699 1766496 874539 891957
35-39 1924493 981449 943044 83453 57207 26246 1766508 914549 851959
40-44 1506357 794434 711923 41999 25407 16592 1374689 758183 616506
192 45-49 1354106 700922 653184 27326 14675 12651 1211040 673724 537316
50-54 1033814 537809 496005 19449 9377 10072 888567 514302 374265
55-59 819047 419345 399702 14322 6276 8046 680132 398230 281902
60-64 707797 352336 355461 16411 6947 9464 526017 324704 201313
65-69 480637 231843 248794 14637 6747 7890 326744 206140 120604
70-74 324816 158104 166712 8153 3581 4572 194450 134748 59702
75-79 174366 83549 90817 3968 1642 2326 95881 67625 28256
80+ 206347 89107 117240 11780 6623 5157 94024 61216 32808
Age not
20022 11457 8565 11969 7943 4026 7069 3319 3750
stated
Less than
7083897 3641385 3442512 6952062 3605662 3346400 124918 33140 91778
18
Less than
8613754 4408950 4204804 8159122 4323776 3835346 442409 81242 361167
21
Table 3.17 Continued...
Widowed Separated Divorced 8QVSHFL¿HG
Age Group P M F P M F P M F P M F
PEOPLE
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
All ages 1147390 151481 995909 72406 19907 52499 16121 4985 11136 0 0 0
0-9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
10-14 1720 489 1231 1856 940 916 260 125 135 0 0 0
15-19 3116 707 2409 2266 961 1305 340 131 209 0 0 0
20-24 9030 1416 7614 4797 1388 3409 872 213 659 0 0 0
25-29 20838 2762 18076 8407 2050 6357 1833 411 1422 0 0 0
30-34 35127 4561 30566 9778 2365 7413 2463 664 1799 0 0 0
35-39 60332 6005 54327 11355 2788 8567 2845 900 1945 0 0 0
40-44 77786 7571 70215 9618 2493 7125 2265 780 1485 0 0 0
45-49 105625 9754 95871 8295 2167 6128 1820 602 1218 0 0 0
50-54 119063 12176 106887 5583 1553 4030 1152 401 751 0 0 0
55-59 120123 13528 106595 3653 1047 2606 817 264 553 0 0 0
60-64 161699 19621 142078 3063 866 2197 607 198 409 0 0 0
65-69 137151 18313 118838 1776 520 1256 329 123 206 0 0 0
70-74 121013 19328 101685 967 370 597 233 77 156 0 0 0
75-79 73950 14057 59893 452 184 268 115 41 74 0 0 0
80+ 99915 21030 78885 481 195 286 147 43 104 0 0 0
Age not stated 902 163 739 59 20 39 23 12 11 0 0 0
Less than 18 3487 900 2587 3008 1469 1539 422 214 208 0 0 0
Less than 21 6422 1459 4963 5031 2174 2857 770 299 471 0 0 0
193
Source : Census of India, 2011.
Urbanisation WKH ÀUVW ÀJXUH LQGLFDWHV WKH
Karnataka stood 10th in the level of urbanization QXPEHURIWRZQVDQGWKHVHFRQGÀJXUHLQGLFDWHV
in 1981 census, had 11th rank during 1991 the growth rate).
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
census, among the States and Union Territories
According to 2001 census, 270 towns in the state
in India. The rate of urbanisation is faster in
which included the 24 urban agglomerations
Karnataka when compared to other states of
viz., Bengaluru, Mysuru, Mangaluru, Karwar,
India. This trend has been growing from 1901 till
Sirsi, Ankola, Kumta, Bhatkala, Belagavi,
1991. In the 1991 census, there are 306 places
Ramadurg, Athani, Kalaburagi, Shahabad, Wadi,
LQ WKH 6WDWH FODVVLÀHG DV WRZQV DV DJDLQVW
Harihara, Vijayapura, Gangavathi, Robertsonpet
towns in 1981 census. The State is becoming
(KGF), Bidar, Udupi, Hassan, Arasikere,
steadily urbanised. It has a larger proportion of
Channarayapatna and Chitradurga in the state.
its population living in urban areas, than the
It also included eight city corporations, 44 City
average for the country as a whole. The district
Municipal Councils, 94 Town Municipal Councils,
wise total number of towns as per 1991 census
68 Town Panchayats, besides the Census Towns,
was as follows: Bengaluru 33; Bengaluru Rural
DQG 1RWLÀHG $UHD &RPPLWWHH 1$& 7RZQVKLS
9; Belagavi 22; Ballari 12; Bidar 5; Vijayapura 18;
According to 2011 census, there were 347 (220
Chikkamagaluru 10; Chitradurga 10; Dakshina
Statutory (including 22 agglomerations) and 127
Kannada 27; Dharwad 20; Kalaburagi 19; Hassan
Census) Towns in the State. Three places viz.,
13; Kodagu 9; Kolar 15; Mandya 11; Mysuru 18;
Kushalnagar (TP) in Kodagu district, Hanur
Raichur 13; Shivamogga 16; Tumakuru 12 and
(TP) in Chamarajanagar district and Sargur (TP)
Uttara Kannada 14.
LQ 0\VXUX GLVWULFW ZHUH QRWLÀHG DV 6WDWXWRU\
Urban Agglomeration and Cities: There were Towns. Eight erstwhile Statutory Towns of 2001
22 Urban Agglomerations in Karnataka as per Census viz., Byatarayanapura (CMC), Yelahanka
1991 census and they were Bengaluru, Mysuru, (CMC), Dasarahalli (CMC), Mahadevapura (CMC),
Mangaluru, Belagavi, Kalaburagi, Davanagere, Krishnarajapura (CMC), Pattanagere (CMC) and
Vijayapura, Shivamogga, Tumakuru, Raichur, Bommanahalli (CMC) and Kengeri (TMC) were
K.G.F., Bhadravathi, Hospet, Bidar, Udupi, merged with Bengaluru (M.Corp) to form Bruhat
Hassan, Chitradurga, Gangavathi, Shahabad, Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike after 2001 census.
Sirsi, Arasikere and Wadi. The number of towns Krishnaraja sagar (NAC) a Statutory Town of 2001
in each class and their growth rate during the &HQVXVZDVGHQRWLÀHGDIWHU&HQVXV(LJKW\
decade 1981-1991 in the State were as follows: two erstwhile Villages of 2001 Census were treated
Class I-population 1,00,000 and above: 21, + as new Census Towns for 2011 Census. The
42.14, Class II- population 50,000 to 99,999: 17, following table reveals the proportion of rural and
+47.34; Class III- population 20,000 to 49,999: urban populations, district wise decadal variation
82, +28.71; Class IV-population 10,000 to 19,999: during 2001-2011 in Karnataka. For more details
70, +27.27; Class V-population 5,000 to 9,999: see Table 3.18.
2.08, -5.85 and Class VI population less than
Table 3.18 Proportion of Rural and Urban Population: 2001-2011
Proportion 2001 Proportion 2011
Sl.No State / District
Rural Urban Rural Urban
Total KARNATAKA 66.01 33.99 61.33 38.67
1 Belagavi 75.97 24.03 74.66 25.34
2 Bagalkot 71.03 28.97 68.36 31.64
3 Vijayapura 78.08 21.92 76.95 23.05
4 Bidar 77.04 22.96 74.99 25.01
194 5 Raichur 74.80 25.20 74.58 25.42
6 Koppal 83.42 16.58 83.19 16.81
7 Gadag 64.79 35.21 64.37 35.63
8 Dharwad 45.03 54.97 43.18 56.82
9 Uttara Kannada 71.34 28.66 70.85 29.15
10 Haveri 79.22 20.78 77.75 22.25
11 Ballari 65.13 34.87 62.48 37.52
12 Chitradurga 81.93 18.07 80.14 19.86
13 Davanagere 69.68 30.32 67.67 32.33
14 Shivamogga 65.24 34.76 64.41 35.59
15 Udupi 81.45 18.55 71.63 28.37
16 Chikkamagaluru 80.48 19.52 78.95 21.05
17 Tumakuru 80.38 19.62 77.64 22.36
18 Bengaluru 11.89 88.11 9.06 90.94
19 Mandya 83.97 16.03 82.92 17.08
PEOPLE
20 Hassan 82.30 17.70 78.79 21.21
21 Dakshina Kannada 61.57 38.43 52.33 47.67
22 Kodagu 86.26 13.74 85.39 14.61
23 Mysuru 62.81 37.19 58.50 41.50
24 Chamarajanagar 84.66 15.34 82.86 17.14
25 Kalaburagi 68.29 31.71 67.44 32.56
26 Yadgir 82.95 17.05 81.21 18.79
27 Kolar 70.84 29.16 68.75 31.25
28 Chikkaballapur 80.76 19.24 77.60 22.40
29 Bengaluru Rural 77.40 22.60 72.88 27.12
30 Ramanagara 79.13 20.87 75.27 24.73
Source : Census of India , Karnataka Series 2001 and 2011 .
Rural Areas : The rural areas include all villages and areas such as forest and settlement not falling
ZLWKLQ WKH OLPLWV RI D YLOODJH 7KH\ FRPSULVH DOO DUHDV QRW FODVVLÀHG DV 8UEDQ $ YLOODJH ZLWKRXW DQ\
inhabitants is referred to as ‘uninhabited’ or ‘bechirack’. Bechirack literally means “without any light’’.
According to 1991 census the district-wise rural population and the percentage to the total population
LQ WKH GLVWULFWV ZHUH DV IROORZV 7KH ÀUVW ÀJXUH LQGLFDWHV WKH UXUDO SRSXODWLRQ DQG WKH VHFRQG ÀJXUH
indicates the percentage to the total population of the district): Bengaluru 6,69,909-13.84 per cent;
Bengaluru Rural 13,69,908- 81.87 per cent; Belagavi 27,41,820-76.81 per cent; Ballari 13,25,692-13
per cent; Bidar 10,10,096- 80.43 per cent; Vijayapura, 22,39,244-76.48 per cent; Chikkamagaluru
8,45,422- 83.11 per cent; Chitradurga 15,91,765-73.00 per cent; Dakshina Kannada 19,31,670-71.71
per cent; Dharwad 22,79,259- 65.06 per cent; Kalaburagi 19,72,366- 76.38 per cent; Hassan 12,96.962-
82.63 per cent; Kodagu 4,10,51484.04 per cent; Kolar 16,99,906-76,68 per cent; Mandya 13,77,570-
83.77 per cent; Mysuru 22,24,724- 70.29 per cent; Raichur 18,29,765- 79.21 per cent; Shivamogga
14,03,621-73.50 per cent; Tumakuru 19,23,656- 83.43 per cent and Uttara Kannada 9,25,744- 75.86 195
per cent.
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196
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The total number of inhabited villages at each census from 1901 to 1991 were as follows: 1901-28,288;1911-28, 548;1921-28, 349;1931-
28,635;1941-28,290;1951-27,629; 1961-26,377; 1971-26,826;1981-27,028 and 1991-27,066. In 2001 there were 27,481 inhabited and 1925
un-inhabited villages in the state. According to 2011 census, there were 29,340 (27,397 inhabited and 1,943 un-inhabited) villages in the State.
For more details see Table 3.19.
7DEOH 1XPEHUDQG3HUFHQWDJHRILQKDELWHGYLOODJHVLQVSHFLÀHGSRSXODWLRQVL]HUDQJHVZLWKWKHUHODWHGSRSXODWLRQ 5XUDO
Total Population less
Total rural Population Number and Number and Population 200 - 499 Number and Population 500 - 999
number of than 200
percentage percentage percentage of
Sl. inhabited Fe-
District Name Persons Males Females of villages Males of villages Males Females villages Males Females
No. Villages males
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
1 Belagavi 1,263 35,68,466 18,11,094 17,57,372 33 ( 3 %) 1,904 1,797 82 ( 6 %) 14,696 14,305 187 ( 15 %) 72,118 69,958
2 Bagalkot 613 12,91,906 6,50,267 6,41,639 18 ( 3 %) 874 767 56 ( 9 %) 10,644 10,353 141 ( 23 %) 53,938 52,986
3 Vijayapura 679 16,75,353 8,57,562 8,17,791 4 ( 1 %) 336 301 35 ( 5 %) 6,975 6,532 108 ( 16 %) 41,913 40,706
4 Bidar 595 12,77,348 6,51,250 6,26,098 2 ( 0 %) 113 132 24 ( 4 %) 4,683 4,589 115 ( 19 %) 44,184 42,403
5 Raichur 815 14,38,464 7,17,972 7,20,492 28 ( 3 %) 1,216 1,206 79 ( 10 %) 14,069 13,873 190 ( 23 %) 72,491 72,499
6 Koppal 595 11,56,216 5,82,958 5,73,258 26 ( 4 %) 1,243 1,200 42 ( 7 %) 8,286 7,963 137 ( 23 %) 52,034 51,010
7 Gadag 322 6,85,261 3,47,585 3,37,676 7 ( 2 %) 258 254 18 ( 6 %) 3,442 3,276 68 ( 21 %) 25,777 24,586
8 Dharwad 361 7,97,484 4,09,416 3,88,068 15 ( 4 %) 486 437 21 ( 6 %) 4,314 4,053 57 ( 16 %) 23,411 21,830
9 Uttara Kannada 1,243 10,18,188 5,14,910 5,03,278 333 ( 27 %) 16,896 16,301 366 ( 29 %) 62,702 61,523 280 ( 23 %) 98,619 97,217
10 Haveri 696 12,42,167 6,38,450 6,03,717 14 ( 2 %) 1,154 1,020 76 ( 11 %) 14,730 13,976 150 ( 22 %) 59,775 55,986
11 Ballari 522 15,32,356 7,74,093 7,58,263 19 ( 4 %) 673 588 16 ( 3 %) 2,888 2,923 47 ( 9 %) 17,247 16,838
12 Chitradurga 948 13,29,923 6,75,573 6,54,350 75 ( 8 %) 3,054 2,820 126 ( 13 %) 22,679 21,738 237 ( 25 %) 89,820 87,135
13 Davanagere 800 13,16,487 6,68,267 6,48,220 52 ( 6 %) 2,246 2,219 99 ( 12 %) 17,825 17,398 204 ( 26 %) 77,617 75,644
Table 3.19 Continued...
14 Shivamogga 1,444 11,29,026 5,65,821 5,63,205 283 ( 20 %) 13,439 13,409 413 ( 29 %) 72,280 73,045 393 ( 27 %) 1,42,254 1,42,576
15 Udupi 233 8,43,300 3,98,847 4,44,453 0 ( 0 %) 0 0 0 ( 0 %) 0 0 6 ( 3 %) 2,548 2,667
16 Chikkamagaluru 1,022 8,98,453 4,47,545 4,50,908 187 ( 18 %) 8,940 8,842 243 ( 24 %) 41,652 41,659 302 ( 30 %) 1,08,367 1,09,704
17 Tumakuru 2,582 20,79,902 10,48,710 10,31,192 426 ( 16 %) 17,719 17,296 708 ( 27 %) 1,24,835 1,23,983 796 ( 31 %) 2,88,198 2,86,648
18 Bengaluru 562 8,71,607 4,64,256 4,07,351 52 ( 9 %) 1,925 1,710 87 ( 15 %) 15,515 14,442 146 ( 26 %) 56,389 53,773
19 Mandya 1,368 14,97,407 7,51,243 7,46,164 149 ( 11 %) 7,928 7,805 339 ( 25 %) 58,428 59,212 385 ( 28 %) 1,38,706 1,38,705
20 Hassan 2,418 13,99,658 6,95,583 7,04,075 546 ( 23 %) 28,435 28,718 836 ( 35 %) 1,42,550 1,44,455 698 ( 29 %) 2,45,000 2,48,673
21 Dakshina Kannada 331 10,93,563 5,41,484 5,52,079 0 ( 0 %) 0 0 1 ( 0 %) 208 210 13 ( 4 %) 5,184 5,541
22 Kodagu 291 4,73,531 2,34,161 2,39,370 12 ( 4 %) 321 347 23 ( 8 %) 4,406 4,568 91 ( 31 %) 33,292 34,316
23 Mysuru 1,199 17,55,714 8,87,500 8,68,214 114 ( 10 %) 5,101 4,881 126 ( 11 %) 23,348 22,639 308 ( 26 %) 1,16,360 1,13,688
24 Chamarajanagar 428 8,45,817 4,24,884 4,20,933 54 ( 13 %) 1,735 1,627 37 ( 9 %) 6,557 6,514 69 ( 16 %) 25,976 25,153
25 Kalaburagi 871 17,30,775 8,77,144 8,53,631 13 ( 1 %) 773 766 32 ( 4 %) 6,339 6,242 207 ( 24 %) 80,327 78,414
26 Yadgir 487 9,53,594 4,79,078 4,74,516 12 ( 2 %) 332 311 33 ( 7 %) 5,958 5,817 93 ( 19 %) 36,181 36,238
27 Kolar 1,608 10,56,328 5,35,431 5,20,897 225 ( 14 %) 10,849 10,446 512 ( 32 %) 90,230 87,872 616 ( 38 %) 2,19,586 2,14,217
28 Chikkaballapur 1,324 9,73,985 4,94,463 4,79,522 194 ( 15 %) 9,915 9,470 429 ( 32 %) 76,529 74,751 424 ( 32 %) 1,54,249 1,48,508
29 Bengaluru Rural 957 7,22,179 3,71,369 3,50,810 151 ( 16 %) 6,942 6,537 269 ( 28 %) 47,444 45,746 314 ( 33 %) 1,14,390 1,08,426
30 Ramanagara 820 8,14,877 4,12,438 4,02,439 93 ( 11 %) 4,737 4,607 168 ( 20 %) 29,588 28,828 257 ( 31 %) 94,194 91,507
PEOPLE
197
HAND BOOK OF
198
KARNATAKA
Table 3.19 Continued...
Number and Number and Number and Number and Population 10000
Population 1000 - 1999 Population 2000 - 4999 Population 5000 - 9999
percentage of percentage percentage of percentage of and above
Sl.
District Name villages of villages villages villages
No. Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females
14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
1 Belagavi 360 ( 29 %) 2,66,935 2,59,201 421 ( 33 %) 6,63,521 6,43,699 139 ( 11 %) 4,92,449 4,78,298 41 ( 3 %) 2,99,471 2,90,114
2 Bagalkot 172 ( 28 %) 1,23,326 1,22,188 175 ( 29 %) 2,65,828 2,63,220 43 ( 7 %) 1,44,091 1,41,450 8 ( 1 %) 51,566 50,675
3 Vijayapura 236 ( 35 %) 1,74,847 1,67,933 231 ( 34 %) 3,61,409 3,43,325 51 ( 8 %) 1,76,574 1,67,150 14 ( 2 %) 95,508 91,844
4 Bidar 234 ( 39 %) 1,73,183 1,66,556 186 ( 31 %) 2,90,811 2,79,173 27 ( 5 %) 91,394 88,102 7 ( 1 %) 46,882 45,143
5 Raichur 308 ( 38 %) 2,20,137 2,21,424 171 ( 21 %) 2,41,389 2,42,497 28 ( 3 %) 91,037 91,761 11 ( 1 %) 77,633 77,232
6 Koppal 203 ( 34 %) 1,42,361 1,39,524 154 ( 26 %) 2,27,781 2,23,684 26 ( 4 %) 87,235 86,823 7 ( 1 %) 64,018 63,054
7 Gadag 111 ( 34 %) 81,217 79,090 97 ( 30 %) 1,51,987 1,47,851 16 ( 5 %) 56,497 54,779 5 ( 2 %) 28,407 27,840
8 Dharwad 125 ( 35 %) 93,459 87,230 118 ( 33 %) 1,85,474 1,76,356 20 ( 6 %) 71,996 68,776 5 ( 1 %) 30,276 29,386
9 Uttara Kannada 161 ( 13 %) 1,11,285 1,09,397 83 ( 7 %) 1,27,676 1,24,682 13 ( 1 %) 50,212 45,744 7 ( 1 %) 47,520 48,414
10 Haveri 256 ( 37 %) 1,87,808 1,77,447 167 ( 24 %) 2,45,047 2,31,297 29 ( 4 %) 1,03,636 98,830 4 ( 1 %) 26,300 25,161
11 Ballari 138 ( 26 %) 1,04,073 1,01,579 230 ( 44 %) 3,64,989 3,58,145 61 ( 12 %) 2,01,766 1,97,205 11 ( 2 %) 82,457 80,985
12 Chitradurga 309 ( 33 %) 2,24,956 2,17,298 175 ( 18 %) 2,42,861 2,35,766 24 ( 3 %) 79,351 76,844 2 ( 0 %) 12,852 12,749
13 Davanagere 239 ( 30 %) 1,75,626 1,70,092 175 ( 22 %) 2,79,267 2,70,427 27 ( 3 %) 88,831 86,137 4 ( 0 %) 26,855 26,303
14 Shivamogga 241 ( 17 %) 1,62,157 1,60,777 108 ( 7 %) 1,54,529 1,52,283 6 ( 0 %) 21,162 21,115 0 ( 0 %) 0 0
15 Udupi 46 ( 20 %) 34,352 39,620 135 ( 58 %) 2,01,823 2,28,167 39 ( 17 %) 1,15,615 1,26,719 7 ( 3 %) 44,509 47,280
16 Chikkamagaluru 195 ( 19 %) 1,36,693 1,38,010 87 ( 9 %) 1,20,931 1,21,548 5 ( 0 %) 14,260 14,140 3 ( 0 %) 16,702 17,005
17 Tumakur 467 ( 18 %) 3,21,340 3,17,639 171 ( 7 %) 2,46,373 2,42,798 13 ( 1 %) 43,822 36,658 1 ( 0 %) 6,423 6,170
18 Bengaluru 148 ( 26 %) 1,08,182 98,755 101 ( 18 %) 1,65,308 1,44,766 25 ( 4 %) 95,613 77,695 3 ( 1 %) 21,324 16,210
19 Mandya 307 ( 22 %) 2,16,151 2,14,396 164 ( 12 %) 2,40,337 2,36,086 20 ( 1 %) 69,160 69,214 4 ( 0 %) 20,533 20,746
20 Hassan 275 ( 11 %) 1,79,223 1,81,453 55 ( 2 %) 73,251 73,597 8 ( 0 %) 27,124 27,179 0 ( 0 %) 0 0
21 Dakshina Kannada 68 ( 21 %) 52,130 54,082 195 ( 59 %) 3,07,155 3,13,526 51 ( 15 %) 1,59,102 1,60,575 3 ( 1 %) 17,705 18,145
22 Kodagu 91 ( 31 %) 65,481 66,753 61 ( 21 %) 88,731 91,047 13 ( 4 %) 41,930 42,339 0 ( 0 %) 0 0
23 Mysuru 379 ( 32 %) 2,71,999 2,66,854 237 ( 20 %) 3,49,785 3,43,940 34 ( 3 %) 1,15,038 1,10,245 1 ( 0 %) 5,869 5,967
24 Chamarajanagar 112 ( 26 %) 78,549 78,737 121 ( 28 %) 1,85,100 1,83,701 32 ( 7 %) 1,06,228 1,05,337 3 ( 1 %) 20,739 19,864
25 Kalaburagi 317 ( 36 %) 2,27,389 2,22,788 248 ( 28 %) 3,69,804 3,59,318 47 ( 5 %) 1,52,169 1,47,285 7 ( 1 %) 40,343 38,818
26 Yadgir 184 ( 38 %) 1,31,106 1,28,665 141 ( 29 %) 2,05,420 2,04,824 19 ( 4 %) 60,604 60,230 5 ( 1 %) 39,477 38,431
27 Kolar 211 ( 13 %) 1,42,891 1,38,646 38 ( 2 %) 53,076 51,525 6 ( 0 %) 18,799 18,191 0 ( 0 %) 0 0
28 Chikkaballapur 204 ( 15 %) 1,40,407 1,36,331 68 ( 5 %) 97,082 94,936 5 ( 0 %) 16,281 15,526 0 ( 0 %) 0 0
29 Bengaluru Rural 173 ( 18 %) 1,19,658 1,12,751 44 ( 5 %) 61,547 57,034 6 ( 1 %) 21,388 20,316 0 ( 0 %) 0 0
30 Ramanagara 222 ( 27 %) 1,55,732 1,52,039 76 ( 9 %) 1,12,309 1,09,246 3 ( 0 %) 9,316 9,730 1 ( 0 %) 6,562 6,482
Source : Census of India 2011.
Houses, Households and Amenities Thus, there is a substantial improvement in the
As per 2001 census, there were 1,38,30,096 quality of housing both in rural and urban areas.
census houses (89,98,481 rural (85 per cent) and
As regards amenities available with the
48,31,615 (34.9 per cent) urban and 1,02,32,133
households, 88.5 per cent of households are using
(66,75,173 (65.2 per cent) rural and 35,56,960
Tap, Tube well, Hand pump and Covered well as
(34.8 per cent) urban) house holds in the state.
the main source of drinking water while 66.1 per
Among the total census houses, 1,26,57,293
cent of these house holds use tap water. Only
were (95,51,113 residential, 5,18,186 residential
44.5 per cent of house holds have source of water
FXPRWKHUV VKRSDQGRIÀFHV
within the premises while 37.3 per cent of house
schools and colleges, 62,858 hotels-lodges and 38
holds have to fetch water from a source located
guest houses, 38 hospitals, dispensaries 1,80,891
within 500 m in rural areas/100 m in urban areas
factory, workshops and sheds, 2,07,332 worshiping
and 18.2 per cent still fetch drinking water from
places and 12,02,790 other non -residential were
a source located more than 500 m away in rural
occupied census houses and 11,72,803 were un
areas or 100 m in urban area.
occupied census houses. Among the total house
holds (1,02,32,133) 56,13,007 are permanent, As far as Main source of lighting is concerned,
36,45,185 semi-permanent, 9,71,473 temporary 90.6 per cent house holds use electricity which
DQG DUH RI XQFODVVLÀHG QDWXUH $PRQJ shows an increase of 12 per cent over 2001. The
the total households, 60,25,364 depend on tap, rural-urban gap has reduced by 8.6 percentage
17,50,387 on hand pumps, 8,76,001 on tube points from 18.3 per cent in 2001 to 9.7 per cent.
wells, 12,68,913 on wells, 1,10,689 on tank and 74.8 per cent of the households have bathing
PEOPLE
ponds, 1,11,748 on river and canals, 30,640 facility within the premises, showing an increase
on springs and 54,491 on other water sources. of 15 per cent over 2001. 60.7 per cent of the
Likewise if 13,68,797 use pit latrine, 19,07,116 house holds have drainage connectivity with 34.6
use water closets, 5,61,118 use other latrines per cent have the open drainage and 26.1 per cent
and 63,95,107 (62.5 per cent) households have have the closed drainage. 51.2 per cent of the
no latrine at all. Similarly if 80,37,052 (78.5 per households have latrine facility within premises
cent) households have electricity, 21,26,345 have with 36.9 per cent households have water closet
kerosene, 21,989 have solar energy, 5,187 have and 13.6 per cent households have pit latrine.
other oil, 7,047 any other source as their lighting There is 13 per cent decline in households having
sources, 34,513 households have no lighting at no latrine from 62 per cent to 49 per cent in 2011.
all. Regarding drainage and sanitation facilities if 89.3 per cent households have Kitchen facility
17,66,563 households have closed drainage and with 87.6 per cent within premises and 1.7
34,75,862 have open drainage, 49,89,708 house per cent outside premises. 60.7 per cent of the
holds have no drainage facilities at all. KRXVHKROGVDUHXVLQJÀUHZRRGFURSUHVLGXHFRZ
dung cake/coal etc. and 5.4 per cent house holds
As per the House-listing and Housing
use Kerosene. There is an increase of 14 per cent
Census-2011, as against 1,04,01,918 House
in use of LPG from 18 per cent in 2001 to 32 per
holds in 2001 Census, the State has 1,33,57,027
cent in 2011. As regards mode of communication,
Households as per 2011 Census. The number
there is an increase of 23.1 per cent in television
of households has registered a decadal growth
and a corresponding decline of about 23.9 per cent
rate of 28.41 per cent. Expectedly, Bengaluru
in use of radios/transistors. Less than 1 out of 8
District, with Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara
households have Computer/laptop with only 4.8
Palike in its jurisdiction, tops the ranking with a
per cent having internet facility. The penetration
decadal growth of 63.88 per cent in the number
of internet is 11 per cent in urban as compared to
of Households. Kodagu District with 9.69 per
less than 0.7 per cent in rural area. 71.6 per cent
cent occupies the bottom rank. Accordingly, the
households have Telephone/mobile facility with
census houses increased from 1.38 Crore to 1.79
84.8 per cent in urban and 62.6 per cent in rural
Crore. There is an increase of 0.30 Crore census
area. The penetration of mobile phone is 64.6 per
houses for residential and partly residential
cent and landline is 15 per cent. In the modes
purposes. The data indicates that the housing
of transport 33.9 per cent of the house hold are
gap has reduced. There is an improvement in the
having bicycle, 25.6 per cent two wheelers and 6.3 199
FRQVWUXFWLRQPDWHULDOXVHGIRUURRIZDOODQGÁRRU
HAND BOOK OF
200
KARNATAKA
per cent four wheelers. There is an increase of 11 per cent in two wheeler and 3 per cent in four wheelers, with bicycle showing increase of 3 per
cent only. 61.1 per cent of the households are availing banking facilities with 64.4 per cent in urban and 58.9 per cent in rural areas. The rural
XUEDQGLIIHUHQFHKDVUHGXFHGIURPWRSHUFHQWSHUFHQWRIWKHKRXVHKROGGRQRWKDYHDQ\RIWKHVSHFLÀHGDVVHWV IRUGHWDLOVVHH+RXVLQJ
Household Amenities and Assets - Karnataka Census of India 2011). For more details see Table 3.20 and 3.21.
Table 3.20 Number of Households and Household Size Karnataka : 2001- 2011
Particulars 2001 2011
Total Households 1,04,01,918 1,33,57,027
Total Population 5,28,50,562 6,10,95,297
Households Size 5.1 4.6
Differencein House hold Size -0.5
Note : Household size with 5.8 in Yadgir tops the list and the smallest Household size with 3.9 is reported in Kodagu district
Table 3.21 Normal Households By Household Size In Karnataka (Total) (Census 2011)
Normal Households Household Size
Mean
Sl.No. State/District household size
Number Population 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-10 11-14 15+
KARNATAKA 13300790 60441655 579388 1357203 2145122 3510223 2451129 1421726 1559298 206936 69765 4.5
1 Belagavi 979342 4739590 41632 86379 128992 235072 199521 120124 138764 20928 7930 4.8
2 Bagalkot 359946 1876745 16311 28992 41677 72099 73147 47441 62617 12335 5327 5.2
3 Vijayapura 407493 2158913 15004 31003 42655 77988 86284 58837 77410 12860 5452 5.3
4 Bidar 318570 1688467 10335 23127 30324 56201 69449 52733 65710 7987 2704 5.3
5 Raichur 362299 1909528 13177 28280 40740 68983 72748 53272 69342 11468 4289 5.3
6 Koppal 263941 1380412 9913 20521 30222 51946 54521 37459 47855 8358 3146 5.2
7 Gadag 218337 1055772 9898 19392 29603 49630 45649 26587 30902 5046 1630 4.8
8 Dharwad 381565 1833851 13608 33825 55520 95458 78697 43089 49398 8663 3307 4.8
9 Uttara Kannada 323304 1415907 18077 34706 53243 84637 62231 32858 32380 3869 1303 4.4
Table 3.21 Continued...
10 Haveri 329488 1582773 11527 27179 45408 82884 70459 39853 43587 6175 2416 4.8
11 Ballari 487418 2431531 16454 38973 61725 110621 102201 64886 77343 11468 3747 5.0
12 Chitradurga 356095 1646056 13835 32468 51760 93026 71991 42303 44591 4955 1166 4.6
13 Davanagere 408902 1927504 13191 34608 58977 110926 83350 46716 52099 6934 2101 4.7
14 Shivamogga 405221 1725552 17022 42562 71093 124054 75871 37744 32755 3285 835 4.3
15 Udupi 252223 1163712 12477 27867 41219 61817 42633 24556 34879 5436 1339 4.6
16 Chikkamagaluru 274922 1117435 13910 34351 53244 82337 46541 23235 19493 1499 312 4.1
17 Tumakuru 637887 2644595 37124 75152 116520 181853 109261 59916 52822 4333 906 4.1
18 Bengaluru 2377305 9491467 101869 312174 524202 731234 363675 173323 154281 13042 3505 4.0
19 Mandya 427363 1788803 22127 46788 77118 130246 73559 38956 34562 3302 705 4.2
20 Hassan 432257 1764979 21973 49044 79603 137982 73044 37902 30467 1901 341 4.1
21 Dakshina Kannada 437494 2050202 16302 42199 72221 113616 79238 44092 57546 9569 2711 4.7
22 Kodagu 141932 544554 9933 22787 27793 39842 22609 10054 8127 643 144 3.8
23 Mysuru 698302 2963919 30754 71568 125627 220786 120594 63084 59173 5461 1255 4.2
24 Chamarajanagar 244338 1013275 14122 29020 43089 70870 42751 22399 20055 1684 348 4.1
25 Kalaburagi 469020 2546550 15828 33276 45368 80776 97028 75333 100875 14762 5774 5.4
26 Yadgir 201300 1168461 7247 13399 18139 29939 36878 31559 50439 9597 4103 5.8
27 Kolar 332474 1520162 14364 31522 47966 90427 64223 37769 40465 4521 1217 4.6
28 Chikkaballapura 283662 1237761 14329 30650 45086 79924 51245 30115 28719 2830 764 4.4
29 Bengaluru Rural 228553 981590 10739 24927 39848 68676 38547 21513 21330 2369 604 4.3
30 Ramanagara 259837 1071589 16306 30464 46140 76373 43184 24018 21312 1656 384 4.1
Source : Census of India 2011.
PEOPLE
201
Institutional Population: The institutional population comprises persons who are not members of
households. These include persons living in military installations, correctional and penal institutions,
dormitories of schools and universities, religious institutions, hospitals and so forth. Persons living
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
in hotels or boarding houses are not part of the institutional population and should be distinguished
as members of one or multi-person households, on the basis of the arrangements that they make for
providing themselves with the essentials for living.
Houseless Population: 7KH&HQVXVRI,QGLDGHÀQHV¶+RXVHOHVV3RSXODWLRQ·DVWKHSHUVRQVZKRDUHQRW
living in ‘Census House’. A ‘Census House’ is referred to a ‘Structure with Roof’. Census enumerators
are instructed ‘to take note of the possible place where the houseless population is likely to live such
as’ on the roadside, pavements, in hume pipes, under staircases or in the open, temples, mandapas,
SODWIRUPVDQGWKHOLNHWKH\DUHGHVFULEHGYDULRXVO\DVKRPHOHVVKRXVHOHVVURRÁHVVVKHOWHUOHVVSHRSOH
and pavement dwellers. The Institutional and Houseless Population in the State during 2001 and 2011
is given in the subsequent table. For more details see Table 3.22.
Table 3.22 Institutional and Houseless Population in Karnataka : 2001-2011
Year Persons Males Females Persons Males Females
Census 2001 4,83,373 3,42,146 1,41,227 1,02,226 57,959 44,267
Year Persons Males Females Persons Males Females
Census 2011 5,78,848 3,66,306 2,12,542 76,749 42,803 33,946
Diff 11-01 95,475 24,160 71,315 -25,477 -15,156 -10,321
Growth 20% 7% 50% -25% -26% -23%
Percent share Rural 0.9 1.2 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.1
Census 2001 2,03,302 1,53,928 49,374 61,898 33,962 27,936
Census 2011 2,54,977 1,74,550 80,427 41,272 22,248 19,024
Diff 11-01 51,675 20,622 31,053 -20,626 -11,714 -8,912
Growth 25% 13% 63% -33% -34% -32%
Percent share Urban 0.7 0.9 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.1
Census 2001 2,80,071 1,88,218 91,853 40,328 23,997 16,331
Census 2011 3,23,871 1,91,756 1,32,115 35,477 20,555 14,922
Diff 11-01 43,800 3,538 40,262 -4,851 -3,442 -1,409
Growth 16% 2% 44% -12% -14% -9%
Percent share 1.4 1.6 1.1 0.2 0.2 0.1
Migration
Migration is one of the key factors in changing the size and structure of the population. It may be
temporary or permanent. Temporary migration may be seasonal and it may be continued to certain
periods in a year. Generally, people from plains move to Malnad districts both during sowing and
harvesting seasons and later return to their houses. The migration of females is mainly due to marriages.
Other socio-cultural factors like education and employment also contribute to the migration of the
people. The number of immigrants from the neighbouring states of Karnataka has increased considerably
EHWZHHQ DQG DQGWKHVHÀJXUHVDUHDVIROORZV $QGKUD3UDGHVKE\ .HUDODE\
Maharashtra by 67,000 and Tamil Nadu by 1.53 lakhs. There were 11.88 lakh persons hailing from
other States in India, 21,394 persons from other Asian countries and 2,859 persons from non-Asian
countries as in 1981. As per 2001 census there were 5,82,799 immigrants from Andhra Pradesh,
5,47,156 from Tamilnadu, 3,87,507 from Maharastra, 2,83,764 from Kerala, 79,730 from Rajasthan,
38,679 from, U.P.,31,060 from West Bengal; 29,898 from Bihar; 25,375 from Gujarat; 16,840 Orissa,
7,307 from Punjab; 4,664 from Jammu- Kashmir, 1,02,925 from other states and 44,290 from outside
the country. Likewise from Karnataka there were 12,67,421 immigrants to Maharastra; 2,88,862 to
202
Andhra; 1,32,882 to Goa; 1,19,993 to Tamilnadu; 55,685 to Kerala, 28,098 to Gujarat; 16,309 to Delh;
12,262 to Uttara Pradesh, 10,432 to Madhya Pradesh, Bihar; 9,077, Rajasthan; 8,294, West Bengal; 5,327, Punjab; 4,042, Haryana; 3,293,
Uttaranchal-2,697; Chattisgarh-2,635; Jharkhand-2,274; Pondicherry-2,023; Chandigarh-1,830 ; Orissa-1,822; Jammu and Kashmir-1,452;
Assam-1,438; and 40,671 persons other parts of the country. For more details see Table 3.23.
Table 3.23 Migrants by Place of Last Residence, Age, Sex, Reason for Migration and Duration of Residence-2011 (Provisional)
Reason for migration
Total Mi-
Last resi-
Age grants
dence Rural/ Work/Employment Business
Group
Duration of residence Urban
P M F P M F P M F
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
All durations of residence All ages Total 2,50,78,333 91,34,767 1,59,43,566 32,30,348 26,30,383 5,99,965 2,87,236 2,16,977 70,259
All durations of residence All ages Rural 1,49,69,029 46,85,704 1,02,83,325 16,58,738 13,47,636 3,11,102 1,23,120 92,107 31,013
All durations of residence All ages Urban 75,11,869 34,64,243 40,47,626 13,70,010 11,29,371 2,40,639 1,38,510 1,07,762 30,748
Duration of residence less than 1 year All ages Total 14,70,632 6,80,083 7,90,549 2,48,825 1,91,364 57,461 13,055 9,512 3,543
Duration of residence less than 1 year All ages Rural 7,19,943 3,26,024 3,93,919 1,33,575 1,01,568 32,007 5,170 3,843 1,327
Duration of residence less than 1 year All ages Urban 4,98,327 2,49,263 2,49,064 1,02,255 80,111 22,144 6,821 4,998 1,823
Duration of residence 1-4 years All ages Total 47,97,666 19,75,206 28,22,460 7,74,323 6,14,131 1,60,192 46,548 34,070 12,478
Duration of residence 1-4 years All ages Rural 26,16,122 9,75,587 16,40,535 3,83,262 3,01,981 81,281 20,311 14,906 5,405
Duration of residence 1-4 years All ages Urban 17,24,624 8,14,797 9,09,827 3,52,638 2,82,918 69,720 23,165 17,170 5,995
Duration of residence 5-9 years All ages Total 42,22,755 16,23,197 25,99,558 6,10,943 4,97,974 1,12,969 44,364 33,975 10,389
Duration of residence 5-9 years All ages Rural 24,01,948 8,11,783 15,90,165 3,12,898 2,54,017 58,881 19,963 15,232 4,731
Duration of residence 5-9 years All ages Urban 14,17,513 6,54,744 7,62,769 2,67,228 2,19,776 47,452 21,462 16,688 4,774
Duration of residence 10 years and above All ages Total 1,45,60,074 48,41,288 97,18,786 15,95,595 13,26,469 2,69,126 1,83,175 1,39,366 43,809
Duration of residence 10 years and above All ages Rural 92,28,136 25,71,109 66,57,027 8,28,748 6,89,897 1,38,851 77,658 58,115 19,543
Duration of residence 10 years and above All ages Urban 38,68,825 17,44,065 21,24,760 6,47,660 5,46,414 1,01,246 87,014 68,876 18,138
PEOPLE
203
HAND BOOK OF
204
KARNATAKA
Table 3.23 Continued...
Education Marriage
Duration of residence P M F P M F
12 13 14 15 16 17
All durations of residence 7,20,385 4,40,694 2,79,691 1,01,21,044 3,36,492 97,84,552
All durations of residence 3,90,472 2,42,703 1,47,769 76,49,327 2,41,733 74,07,594
All durations of residence 2,67,704 1,62,193 1,05,511 17,45,281 66,668 16,78,613
Duration of residence less than 1 year 80,816 47,681 33,135 2,21,887 7,524 2,14,363
Duration of residence less than 1 year 48,481 28,437 20,044 1,45,628 4,607 1,41,021
Duration of residence less than 1 year 26,557 16,159 10,398 56,689 2,131 54,558
Duration of residence 1-4 years 3,30,692 2,03,117 1,27,575 13,40,838 42,960 12,97,878
Duration of residence 1-4 years 1,95,059 1,22,965 72,094 9,44,370 28,563 9,15,807
Duration of residence 1-4 years 1,14,369 67,732 46,637 3,01,580 11,061 2,90,519
Duration of residence 5-9 years 89,889 54,105 35,784 14,09,715 46,981 13,62,734
Duration of residence 5-9 years 47,310 28,225 19,085 10,23,467 32,565 9,90,902
Duration of residence 5-9 years 35,514 21,867 13,647 2,86,702 10,945 2,75,757
Duration of residence 10 years and above 2,18,224 1,35,212 83,012 71,47,367 2,38,969 69,08,398
Duration of residence 10 years and above 99,358 62,885 36,473 55,35,022 1,75,960 53,59,062
Duration of residence 10 years and above 90,857 56,096 34,761 11,00,118 42,521 10,57,597
Table 3.23 Continued...
Reason for migration
Moved after birth Moved with household Others
Duration of residence
P M F P M F P M F
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
All durations of residence 38,47,349 22,64,400 15,82,949 38,19,432 16,46,232 21,73,200 30,52,539 15,99,589 14,52,950
All durations of residence 22,49,932 13,62,645 8,87,287 18,33,021 8,00,933 10,32,088 10,64,419 5,97,947 4,66,472
All durations of residence 12,72,741 7,13,335 5,59,406 16,42,548 6,90,348 9,52,200 10,75,075 5,94,566 4,80,509
Duration of residence less than 1 2,79,317 1,47,122 1,32,195 3,24,481 1,32,807 1,91,674 3,02,251 1,44,073 1,58,178
year
Duration of residence less than 1 1,57,932 84,180 73,752 1,60,114 65,973 94,141 69,043 37,416 31,627
year
Duration of residence less than 1 98,256 50,934 47,322 1,37,253 55,072 82,181 70,496 39,858 30,638
year
Duration of residence 1-4 years 7,65,211 3,93,459 3,71,752 10,04,377 4,10,072 5,94,305 5,35,677 2,77,397 2,58,280
Duration of residence 1-4 years 4,17,653 2,14,583 2,03,070 4,68,551 1,92,873 2,75,678 1,86,916 99,716 87,200
Duration of residence 1-4 years 2,84,521 1,46,657 1,37,864 4,54,566 1,82,124 2,72,442 1,93,785 1,07,135 86,650
Duration of residence 5-9 years 7,70,118 3,99,202 3,70,916 8,49,619 3,56,216 4,93,403 4,48,107 2,34,744 2,13,363
Duration of residence 5-9 years 4,32,503 2,24,403 2,08,100 4,03,673 1,69,513 2,34,160 1,62,134 87,828 74,306
Duration of residence 5-9 years 2,72,282 1,41,081 1,31,201 3,69,135 1,52,552 2,16,583 1,65,190 91,835 73,355
Duration of residence 10 years 20,31,825 13,24,110 7,07,715 16,40,266 7,46,817 8,93,449 17,43,622 9,30,345 8,13,277
and above
Duration of residence 10 years 12,41,368 8,39,199 4,02,169 8,00,440 3,72,450 4,27,990 6,45,542 3,72,603 2,72,939
and above
Duration of residence 10 years 6,17,439 3,74,524 2,42,915 6,81,336 3,00,484 3,80,852 6,44,401 3,55,150 2,89,251
and above
Source : Census of India 2011
PEOPLE
205
Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes has increased from 85,63,930 in 2001 to
Population 1,04,74,992, in 2011, registering a decennial
Scheduled Castes means such castes, races, or growth rate of 22.32 per cent. The Scheduled
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
tribes or parts of groups within such castes, races Caste population constitutes 17.15 per cent of
or tribes as are deemed under Article 341 of the the total population of the State. The highest
Constitution of India. Scheduled Tribes means proportion of Scheduled Caste population is
such tribes or tribal communities as deemed so returned from Kolar District with 30.32 per cent,
under Articles 342 of the Constitution. In 1976, followed by Chamarajanagar District with 25.42
the Government of India by an amendment to per cent. The least proportion of Scheduled Caste
the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes population is recorded in the coastal district of
order published a list of Scheduled Castes and Udupi (6.41 per cent) and preceded by Dakshina
the Scheduled Tribes for the State of Karnataka. Kannada (7.09 per cent) District. The proportion
According to 2001 census, there are 101 Schedule of Scheduled Caste population is less than 10 per
Caste and 49 Schedule Tribes in Karnataka. A cent in 4 districts, between 10 to 20 per cent in 13
vast majority of people of the Schedule Caste and districts and above 20 per cent in the remaining
the Schedule Tribes live in rural areas. 13 districts.
According to 2001 census, there were 85,63,930 The Scheduled Tribe Population in the State
Scheduled Castes people in the State (64,17,243 has increased from 34,63,986 in 2001 Census to
in Rural and 21,46,687 in Urban) which is about 42,48,987 in 2011, registering a decennial growth
16.2 per cent of the total population of the State rate of 22.66 per cent. The proportion of the
and there were 34,63,986 Scheduled Tribes Scheduled Tribe population to total population of
people (29,34,530 Rural and 5,29,456 Urban) the State is 6.95 per cent. The highest proportion
which is about 6.6 per cent of the total population of Scheduled Tribe population is returned from
of the State. Both the Central and the State Raichur District (19.03 per cent) and the least
Governments have taken up a number of welfare proportion is returned from Mandya District (1.24
measures for the upliftment of Scheduled Castes per cent). The proportion of Scheduled Tribe
and Scheduled Tribes and voluntary organisations Population is less than 5 per cent in 12 districts,
DUHDOVRIXQFWLRQLQJIRUWKHEHQHÀWRIWKHZHDNHU between 5 to 9 per cent in 7 districts and above 10
sections of the community. per cent in the remaining 11 districts. For more
details see Table 3.24 to 3.28.
The Scheduled Caste population in the State
206
Table 3.24 Scheduled Caste Population by Residence : 2011
Scheduled Caste Population 2011
Sl.
State / District Males Females
No.
Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban
KARNATAKA 5,26,445 37,71,506 14,93,039 52,10,447 37,24,257 14,86,190
1 Belagavi 28,906 2,25,418 63,678 2,88,322 2,22,957 65,365
2 Bagalkot 15,815 1,18,054 40,081 1,61,014 1,19,960 41,054
3 Vijayapura 22,640 1,86,568 39,872 2,16,333 1,77,520 38,813
4 Bidar 20,420 1,68,884 35,396 1,95,505 1,61,535 33,970
5 Raichur 20,039 1,56,829 43,530 2,00,574 1,56,752 43,822
6 Koppal 12,931 1,11,858 17,483 1,29,267 1,11,077 18,190
7 Gadag 87,745 64,485 23,260 86,451 63,030 23,421
8 Dharwad 89,137 36,366 52,771 88,718 35,021 53,697
9 Uttara Kannada 57,841 39,392 18,449 58,590 39,467 19,123
PEOPLE
10 Haveri 11,222 96,191 16,021 1,07,764 91,970 15,794
11 Ballari 25,852 1,83,550 75,032 2,58,827 1,82,466 76,361
12 Chitradurga 19,689 1,69,160 27,659 1,92,298 1,64,411 27,887
13 Davanagere 19,829 1,59,704 38,595 1,94,296 1,56,222 38,074
14 Shivamogga 15,356 1,12,674 40,872 1,54,612 1,12,642 41,970
15 Udupi 36,988 27,453 9,535 38,441 28,543 9,898
16 Chikkamagaluru 12,506 1,07,779 17,237 1,28,635 1,10,627 18,008
17 Tumakuru 25,455 2,15,949 38,586 2,52,366 2,14,008 38,358
18 Bengaluru 60,775 1,01,739 5,05,986 5,90,660 98,131 4,92,529
19 Mandya 13,165 1,10,241 21,434 1,33,619 1,11,702 21,917
20 Hassan 16,991 1,46,830 23,131 1,75,070 1,51,183 23,887
21 Dakshina Kannada 73,324 51,082 22,242 74,854 51,655 23,199
22 Kodagu 35,759 31,359 4,400 37,825 33,259 4,566
23 Mysuru 26,931 1,91,232 78,099 2,67,312 1,89,156 78,156
24 Chamarajanagar 13,084 1,11,886 19,008 1,28,551 1,09,764 18,787
25 Kalaburagi 33,001 2,49,515 80,576 3,18,691 2,40,182 78,509
26 Yadgir 13,724 1,21,312 15,892 1,36,111 1,20,409 15,702
27 Kolar 23,256 1,64,018 68,528 2,33,321 1,63,406 69,915
28 Chikkaballapur 15,768 1,37,654 19,974 1,54,937 1,35,237 19,700
29 Bengaluru Rural 10,744 91,184 16,240 1,06,276 90,317 15,959
30 Ramanagara 10,262 83,140 19,472 1,01,207 81,648 19,559 207
Table 3.25 Percentage of Scheduled Castes to Total Population 2001 - 2011
Percentage of Percentage of
State / District Scheduled Castes 2001 Scheduled Castes 2011
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
Sl.No Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban
KARNATAKA 16.20 18.39 11.95 17.15 20.01 12.61
1 Belagavi 10.96 11.50 9.26 12.08 12.56 10.65
2 Bagalkot 15.17 16.50 11.90 16.89 18.42 13.57
3 Vijayapura 18.50 19.80 13.88 20.34 21.73 15.67
4 Bidar 19.89 22.28 11.86 23.47 25.87 16.28
5 Raichur 19.00 19.89 16.37 20.79 21.80 17.81
6 Koppal 15.48 15.93 13.26 18.61 19.28 15.26
7 Gadag 14.14 16.11 10.51 16.36 18.61 12.31
8 Dharwad 8.23 7.57 8.76 9.63 8.95 10.14
9 Uttara Kannada 7.53 7.32 8.03 8.10 7.75 8.97
10 Haveri 12.19 13.36 7.70 13.77 15.15 8.95
11 Ballari 18.46 20.50 14.65 21.10 23.89 16.45
12 Chitradurga 22.17 23.67 15.37 23.45 25.08 16.86
13 Davanagere 18.61 22.08 10.62 20.18 24.00 12.19
14 Shivamogga 16.41 18.63 12.23 17.58 19.96 13.28
15 Udupi 6.09 6.23 5.47 6.41 6.64 5.82
16 Chikkamagaluru 20.43 22.11 13.52 22.29 24.31 14.72
17 Tumakuru 18.34 19.82 12.28 18.92 20.67 12.84
18 Bengaluru 13.02 24.91 11.41 12.46 22.93 11.41
19 Mandya 14.02 14.02 14.01 14.69 14.82 14.06
20 Hassan 18.11 19.44 11.91 19.42 21.29 12.48
21 Dakshina Kannada 6.91 8.48 4.40 7.09 9.39 4.56
22 Kodagu 12.29 12.53 10.79 13.27 13.65 11.07
23 Mysuru 17.71 21.02 12.10 17.88 21.67 12.55
24 Chamarajanagar 24.61 25.40 20.25 25.42 26.21 21.60
25 Kalaburagi 23.77 26.15 18.67 25.28 28.29 19.04
26 Yadgir 20.97 22.82 12.01 23.28 25.35 14.32
27 Kolar 28.62 29.38 26.76 30.32 31.00 28.84
28 Chikkaballapur 23.91 26.65 12.43 24.90 28.02 14.11
29 Bengaluru Rural 21.93 24.84 11.97 21.57 25.13 11.98
208 30 Ramanagara 18.54 19.63 14.43 18.83 20.22 14.58
Table 3.26 Scheduled Tribes Population by Residence: 2011
Scheduled Tribes Population 2011
State / District Males Females
Sl.No
Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban
KARNATAKA 21,34,754 17,23,762 4,10,992 21,14,233 17,06,029 4,08,204
1 Belagavi 1,48,673 1,27,133 21,540 1,48,525 1,26,743 21,782
2 Bagalkot 48,470 40,322 8,148 48,733 40,498 8,235
3 Vijayapura 19,912 16,124 3,788 19,402 15,520 3,882
4 Bidar 1,19,787 1,09,197 10,590 1,16,035 1,05,562 10,473
5 Raichur 1,82,101 1,65,593 16,508 1,84,970 1,68,430 16,540
6 Koppal 82,761 76,987 5,774 81,510 75,576 5,934
7 Gadag 30,975 25,558 5,417 30,679 25,079 5,600
8 Dharwad 44,173 25,586 18,587 43,375 24,503 18,872
9 Uttara Kannada 17,095 13,976 3,119 17,144 13,973 3,171
PEOPLE
10 Haveri 72,109 64,580 7,529 69,271 61,669 7,602
11 Ballari 2,25,451 1,67,653 57,798 2,25,955 1,66,478 59,477
12 Chitradurga 1,52,939 1,35,209 17,730 1,49,615 1,31,317 18,298
13 Davanagere 1,17,808 96,936 20,872 1,15,304 94,818 20,486
14 Shivamogga 32,707 25,045 7,662 32,705 24,918 7,787
15 Udupi 26,228 20,630 5,598 26,669 20,966 5,703
16 Chikkamagaluru 21,990 19,627 2,363 22,980 20,515 2,465
17 Tumakuru 1,05,265 90,558 14,707 1,04,294 89,466 14,828
18 Bengaluru 99,164 14,940 84,224 91,075 13,475 77,600
19 Mandya 11,310 8,814 2,496 11,092 8,547 2,545
20 Hassan 15,986 13,779 2,207 16,343 14,117 2,226
21 Dakshina Kannada 40,961 32,782 8,179 41,307 33,062 8,245
22 Kodagu 28,510 27,643 867 29,544 28,655 889
23 Mysuru 1,66,697 1,28,281 38,416 1,67,850 1,28,800 39,050
24 Chamarajanagar 59,369 47,749 11,620 60,850 48,685 12,165
25 Kalaburagi 32,830 25,232 7,598 32,429 24,842 7,587
26 Yadgir 73,564 64,574 8,990 73,285 64,150 9,135
27 Kolar 39,997 36,448 3,549 38,878 35,695 3,183
28 Chikkaballapur 79,156 70,304 8,852 77,331 68,897 8,434
29 Bengaluru Rural 27,147 22,809 4,338 25,756 21,603 4,153
30 Ramanagara 11,619 9,693 1,926 11,327 9,470 1,857 209
Table 3.27 Scheduled Tribes Population by Residence: 2011
Percentage of Percentage of
Scheduled Tribes 2001 Scheduled Tribes 2011
KARNATAKA
State / District
HAND BOOK OF
Sl.
No. Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban
KARNATAKA 6.55 8.41 2.95 6.95 9.15 3.47
1 Belagavi 5.78 6.64 3.04 6.22 7.11 3.58
2 Bagalkot 4.85 5.99 2.06 5.14 6.26 2.74
3 Vijayapura 1.66 1.90 0.80 1.81 1.89 1.53
4 Bidar 12.13 14.70 3.51 13.85 16.81 4.94
5 Raichur 18.15 22.25 5.97 19.03 23.22 6.74
6 Koppal 11.59 12.90 4.98 11.82 13.20 5.01
7 Gadag 5.60 7.28 2.50 5.79 7.39 2.90
8 Dharwad 4.39 6.12 2.98 4.74 6.28 3.57
11 Ballari 17.99 21.31 11.79 18.41 21.81 12.74
12 Chitradurga 17.54 18.99 10.98 18.23 20.04 10.93
13 Davanagere 11.71 14.08 6.25 11.98 14.57 6.58
14 Shivamogga 3.41 4.07 2.17 3.73 4.43 2.48
15 Udupi 3.74 3.96 2.79 4.49 4.93 3.38
16 Chikkamagaluru 3.60 4.05 1.71 3.95 4.47 2.02
17 Tumakuru 7.50 8.18 4.71 7.82 8.66 4.93
18 Bengaluru 1.32 2.33 1.18 1.98 3.26 1.85
19 Mandya 0.97 0.91 1.31 1.24 1.16 1.63
20 Hassan 1.54 1.71 0.74 1.82 1.99 1.18
Dakshina
21 3.32 4.66 1.16 3.94 6.02 1.65
Kannada
22 Kodagu 8.41 9.49 1.62 10.47 11.89 2.17
23 Mysuru 10.27 13.52 4.80 11.15 14.64 6.22
24 Chamarajanagar 10.99 10.39 14.33 11.78 11.40 13.59
25 Kalaburagi 2.17 2.63 1.17 2.54 2.89 1.82
26 Yadgir 11.20 12.04 7.10 12.51 13.50 8.21
27 Kolar 4.91 6.53 0.99 5.13 6.83 1.40
28 Chikkaballapur 11.97 13.57 5.26 12.47 14.29 6.15
29 Bengaluru Rural 5.13 5.87 2.59 5.34 6.15 3.16
210
30 Ramanagara 1.74 1.92 1.04 2.12 2.35 1.41
Table 3.28 Decadal Changes of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes
Population 2001-2011
Scheduled Castes Decadal Scheduled Tribes
State / District Change 2001-2011 Decadal Change 2001-2011
Sl.No.
Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban
KARNATAKA 22.32 16.81 38.78 22.66 16.88 54.72
1 Belagavi 24.98 21.75 37.67 22.08 19.38 40.74
2 Bagalkot 27.35 22.91 42.44 21.23 14.96 65.80
3 Vijayapura 32.47 30.37 43.13 30.82 17.78 40.82
4 Bidar 33.79 28.11 69.59 29.42 26.23 74.22
5 Raichur 26.37 26.26 26.76 21.13 20.19 31.52
6 Koppal 39.63 40.28 35.70 18.53 18.52 18.63
7 Gadag 26.77 25.71 29.76 13.31 10.43 28.79
8 Dharwad 34.77 30.55 37.75 24.28 13.32 42.75
9 Uttara Kannada 14.26 11.48 20.58 43.98 47.22 31.15
PEOPLE
10 Haveri 25.44 23.51 38.26 11.18 9.00 33.47
11 Ballari 38.26 35.24 46.17 23.80 18.77 40.77
12 Chitradurga 15.64 13.33 31.78 13.64 12.88 19.60
13 Davanagere 17.82 14.66 32.89 11.16 9.09 21.90
14 Shivamogga 14.34 12.84 18.60 16.81 14.62 24.54
15 Udupi 11.43 -0.73 72.29 27.12 15.99 96.50
16 Chikkamagaluru 8.80 7.57 17.08 9.63 7.87 26.82
17 Tumakuru 6.93 4.42 23.51 8.12 5.94 23.63
18 Bengaluru 40.81 3.25 51.87 121.16 57.21 138.18
19 Mandya 7.31 6.90 9.47 30.30 28.59 36.54
20 Hassan 10.68 8.20 29.53 22.22 15.26 97.11
21 Dakshina Kannada 12.97 3.74 41.45 30.72 20.95 93.31
22 Kodagu 9.14 8.99 10.23 25.89 25.40 44.05
23 Mysuru 14.76 9.06 31.46 23.29 14.64 64.48
24 Chamarajanagar 9.18 6.75 26.04 13.30 13.59 12.12
25 Kalaburagi 25.48 26.11 23.59 38.45 28.08 88.92
26 Yadgir 36.28 33.57 61.32 37.17 34.80 56.67
27 Kolar 17.36 13.41 27.88 15.77 12.51 67.75
28 Chikkaballapur 13.77 10.36 44.45 13.74 10.52 48.66
29 Bengaluru Rural 14.52 10.95 39.87 21.14 14.79 70.50
30 Ramanagara 6.67 2.96 25.81 28.30 22.50 68.73 211
HAND BOOK OF
212
KARNATAKA
Literacy
A person is treated as a literate if he can read and write with understanding in any language. For this no minimum educational standard or
formal education is required. All children of the age group 0-6 are treated as illiterate. The State is witnessing constant increase in the Effective
/LWHUDF\5DWH 7KHHIIHFWLYH/LWHUDF\UDWHKDVEHHQGHÀQHGDVWKHSHUFHQWDJHRIWRWDOQXPEHURIOLWHUDWHVDPRQJWKHSRSXODWLRQDJHG\HDUVDQG
above.) over the past decades. In continuation of the trend witnessed during the previous decades the Literacy Rate of the State has increased
from 66.64 per cent in 2001 to 75.36 per cent 2011. While the Male Literacy has increased from 76.10 per cent to 82.47 per cent, the Female
Literacy rate has increased from 56.87 per cent to 68.08 per cent. The increase in the Female Literacy rate by 11.21 percentage points against the
Male Literacy rate increase of 6.37 percentage points has substantially narrowed the gap between Male-Female Literacy rates. Among the districts,
Dakshina Kannada District with overall Literacy rate of 88.57 per cent retains its top position, closely followed by Bengaluru District (87.67 per
cent) and Udupi District (86.24 per cent). The lowest overall Literacy rate of 51.83 per cent is recorded in the newly created Yadgir District,
preceded by Raichur District which has recorded 59.56 per cent. Apart from these two districts, all the remaining 28 districts have registered
more than 60 per cent Literacy rates. For more details see Table 3.29 to 3.31.
Table 3.29 District wise Literacy Rate of Karnataka State 2001-2011
Literacy Rate
Literates 2011
State / District 2001 2011
Sl.
No.
Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban
KARNATAKA 4,06,47,322 2,26,49,176 1,79,98,146 66.64 59.33 80.58 75.36 68.73 85.78
1 Belagavi 30,52,032 21,34,792 9,17,240 64.21 58.85 80.66 73.48 69.28 85.56
2 Bagalkot 11,13,412 7,04,912 4,08,500 57.30 51.23 71.75 68.82 64.20 78.58
3 Vijayapura 12,48,268 8,94,132 3,54,136 57.01 51.97 74.59 67.15 62.81 81.33
4 Bidar 10,42,673 7,39,711 3,02,962 60.94 56.71 75.14 70.51 66.73 81.81
5 Raichur 9,79,769 6,59,440 3,20,329 48.81 42.49 66.86 59.56 54.11 75.12
6 Koppal 8,09,085 6,51,001 1,58,084 54.10 51.01 69.14 68.09 66.05 78.03
7 Gadag 7,00,177 4,29,673 2,70,504 66.11 61.55 74.40 75.12 71.86 80.94
8 Dharwad 13,01,664 5,01,954 7,99,710 71.61 60.77 80.31 80.00 72.09 85.92
9 Uttara Kannada 10,81,906 7,41,129 3,40,777 76.60 72.65 86.27 84.06 81.31 90.73
Table 3.29 Continued...
10 Haveri 10,85,443 8,25,101 2,60,342 67.79 65.91 74.98 77.40 75.69 83.39
Ballari
11 14,21,621 8,09,312 6,12,309 57.40 50.29 70.24 67.43 61.81 76.63
12 Chitradurga 10,87,392 8,34,419 2,52,973 64.45 60.72 81.14 73.71 70.68 85.89
13 Davanagere 13,08,540 8,38,823 4,69,717 67.43 62.75 78.08 75.74 71.77 84.02
14 Shivamogga 12,63,016 7,70,817 4,92,199 74.52 69.61 83.60 80.45 76.37 87.79
15 Udupi 9,26,429 6,45,246 2,81,183 81.25 79.35 89.47 86.24 83.91 92.13
16 Chikkamagaluru 8,18,345 6,28,083 1,90,262 72.20 69.59 82.87 79.25 76.95 87.93
17 Tumakuru 18,13,391 13,44,438 4,68,953 67.01 63.39 81.80 75.14 71.66 87.32
18 Bengaluru 75,12,276 6,02,859 69,09,417 82.96 70.24 84.65 87.67 78.21 88.61
19 Mandya 11,49,649 9,19,289 2,30,360 61.05 57.74 78.39 70.40 67.78 83.24
20 Hassan 12,25,256 9,25,571 2,99,685 68.63 65.23 84.43 76.07 72.79 88.36
21 Dakshina Kannada 16,66,323 8,38,316 8,28,007 83.35 79.72 89.10 88.57 85.33 92.12
22 Kodagu 4,12,877 3,46,061 66,816 77.99 76.10 89.74 82.61 81.09 91.48
23 Mysuru 19,62,180 9,94,670 9,67,510 63.48 51.84 82.80 72.79 63.29 86.09
24 Chamarajanagar 5,65,279 4,42,260 1,23,019 50.87 47.24 70.88 61.43 57.95 78.39
25 Kalaburagi 14,27,368 8,57,328 5,70,040 54.34 46.14 71.64 64.85 58.09 78.61
26 Yadgir 5,10,003 3,74,244 1,35,759 39.90 34.88 63.59 51.83 47.05 72.01
27 Kolar 10,16,219 6,49,421 3,66,798 65.84 58.88 82.58 74.39 69.08 86.13
28 Chikkaballapur 7,83,222 5,80,231 2,02,991 59.24 55.20 76.16 69.76 66.39 81.57
29 Bengaluru Rural 6,88,749 4,84,632 2,04,117 69.59 67.23 77.71 77.93 75.16 85.37
30 Ramanagara 6,74,758 4,81,311 1,93,447 60.71 57.15 74.42 69.22 65.26 81.54
PEOPLE
213
HAND BOOK OF
214
KARNATAKA
Table 3.30 Literates and Literacy Rate by residence : 2011 (Males)
Literacy Rate
Literates 2011
State / District 2001 2011
Sl.No
Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban
KARNATAKA 2,25,08,471 1,28,93,437 96,15,034 76.10 70.45 86.66 82.47 77.61 90.04
1 Belagavi 17,25,548 12,33,802 4,91,746 75.70 71.53 88.43 82.20 79.12 91.10
2 Bagalkot 6,41,388 4,16,846 2,24,542 70.88 66.01 82.40 79.23 75.77 86.55
3 Vijayapura 7,30,566 5,38,400 1,92,166 69.94 65.95 83.86 77.21 74.03 87.80
4 Bidar 5,97,198 4,30,681 1,66,517 72.46 69.22 83.14 79.09 76.28 87.42
5 Raichur 5,77,213 3,99,587 1,77,626 61.52 56.09 76.76 70.47 66.01 83.10
6 Koppal 4,68,785 3,82,270 86,515 68.42 66.10 79.67 78.54 77.12 85.48
7 Gadag 3,97,178 2,50,701 1,46,477 79.32 76.40 84.60 84.66 82.83 88.01
8 Dharwad 7,11,776 2,89,171 4,22,605 80.82 73.13 87.00 86.37 80.98 90.49
9 Uttara Kannada 5,82,099 4,03,419 1,78,680 84.53 81.56 91.79 89.63 87.63 94.49
10 Haveri 6,03,793 4,65,603 1,38,190 77.61 76.61 81.44 84.00 83.05 87.39
11 Ballari 8,13,440 4,78,100 3,35,340 69.20 63.49 79.41 76.64 72.42 83.58
12 Chitradurga 6,07,188 4,74,285 1,32,903 74.66 71.84 87.21 81.37 79.19 90.22
13 Davanagere 7,20,637 4,71,688 2,48,949 76.37 73.04 83.90 82.40 79.63 88.19
14 Shivamogga 6,74,938 4,19,590 2,55,348 82.01 78.45 88.53 86.07 83.14 91.35
15 Udupi 4,65,704 3,24,309 1,41,395 88.23 86.85 93.83 91.41 89.85 95.22
16 Chikkamagaluru 4,38,257 3,40,146 98,071 80.29 78.42 87.77 85.41 83.82 91.40
17 Tumakuru 10,06,024 7,60,322 2,45,702 76.78 74.25 86.91 82.81 80.48 90.93
18 Bengaluru 40,78,041 3,48,826 37,29,215 87.92 78.82 89.13 91.01 84.54 91.66
19 Mandya 6,38,668 5,17,904 1,20,764 70.50 67.82 84.31 78.27 76.34 87.78
20 Hassan 6,68,836 5,13,580 1,55,256 78.37 75.94 89.34 83.64 81.41 91.94
21 Dakshina Kannada 8,64,019 4,40,804 4,23,215 89.70 87.07 93.78 93.13 90.97 95.50
22 Kodagu 2,15,302 1,80,920 34,382 83.70 82.14 93.19 87.19 85.94 94.41
23 Mysuru 10,63,766 5,60,734 5,03,032 70.88 61.01 87.33 78.46 70.64 89.50
Table 3.30 Continued...
24 Chamarajanagar 3,12,957 2,47,909 65,048 59.03 55.64 77.69 67.93 64.80 83.29
25 Kalaburagi 8,28,359 5,15,350 3,13,009 66.18 59.31 80.33 74.38 69.08 85.12
26 Yadgir 3,06,751 2,30,998 75,753 51.35 46.49 74.07 62.25 58.02 80.03
27 Kolar 5,64,110 3,71,785 1,92,325 75.99 70.97 88.10 81.81 78.11 90.05
28 Chikkaballapur 4,42,158 3,34,340 1,07,818 69.80 66.68 82.71 77.75 75.41 86.01
29 Bengaluru Rural 3,85,311 2,75,457 1,09,854 78.99 77.57 83.81 84.82 83.06 89.57
30 Ramanagara 3,78,461 2,75,870 1,02,591 69.88 67.31 79.64 76.76 73.96 85.47
Source : Census of India -2011 Data Highlights, Karnataka Series 30
Table 3.31 Literates and Literacy Rate by residence : 2011 (Females)
Literates 2011 Literacy Rate
State / District 2001 2011
Sl.
No
Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban
KARNATAKA 1,81,38,851 97,55739 83,83,112 56.87 48.01 74.12 68.08 59.71 81.36
1 Belagavi 13,26,484 9,00,990 4,25,494 52.32 45.80 72.53 64.58 59.20 79.95
2 Bagalkot 4,72,024 2,88,066 1,83,958 43.56 36.33 60.87 58.40 52.58 70.65
3 Vijayapura 5,17,702 3,55,732 1,61,970 43.47 37.32 64.89 56.72 51.10 74.79
4 Bidar 4,45,475 3,09,030 1,36,445 48.81 43.64 66.47 61.55 56.82 75.88
5 Raichur 4,02,556 2,59,853 1,42,703 35.93 28.86 56.54 48.73 42.37 67.10
6 Koppal 3,40,300 2,68,731 71,569 39.61 35.81 58.34 57.55 54.85 70.59
7 Gadag 3,02,999 1,78,972 1,24,027 52.52 46.28 63.88 65.44 60.62 73.92
8 Dharwad 5,89,888 2,12,783 3,77,105 61.92 47.70 73.28 73.46 62.72 81.31
9 Uttara Kannada 4,99,807 3,37,710 1,62,097 68.47 63.52 80.59 78.39 74.87 86.91
PEOPLE
215
HAND BOOK OF
216
KARNATAKA
Table 3.31 Continued...
10 Haveri 4,81,650 3,59,498 1,22,152 57.37 54.52 68.17 70.46 67.89 79.29
11 Ballari 6,08,181 3,31,212 2,76,969 45.28 36.82 60.69 58.09 51.02 69.62
12 Chitradurga 4,80,204 3,60,134 1,20,070 53.78 49.12 74.74 65.88 61.91 81.55
13 Davanagere 5,87,903 3,67,135 2,20,768 58.04 52.02 71.89 68.91 63.69 79.77
14 Shivamogga 5,88,078 3,51,227 2,36,851 66.88 60.66 78.50 74.84 69.60 84.24
15 Udupi 4,60,725 3,20,937 1,39,788 75.19 72.97 85.31 81.58 78.65 89.21
16 Chikkamagaluru 3,80,088 2,87,897 92,191 64.01 60.70 77.78 73.16 70.15 84.51
17 Tumakuru 8,07,367 5,84,116 2,23,251 56.94 52.29 76.35 67.38 62.71 83.67
18 Bengaluru 34,34,235 2,54,033 31,80,202 77.48 60.78 79.70 84.01 70.92 85.27
19 Mandya 5,10,981 4,01,385 1,09,596 51.53 47.65 72.26 62.54 59.21 78.75
20 Hassan 5,56,420 4,11,991 1,44,429 59.00 54.72 79.35 68.60 64.29 84.81
21 Dakshina Kannada 8,02,304 3,97,512 4,04,792 77.21 72.69 84.47 84.13 79.83 88.83
22 Kodagu 1,97,575 1,65,141 32,434 72.26 70.10 86.11 78.14 76.37 88.58
23 Mysuru 8,98,414 4,33,936 4,64,478 55.81 42.31 78.12 67.06 55.78 82.67
24 Chamarajanagar 2,52,322 1,94,351 57,971 42.48 38.59 63.86 54.92 51.06 73.54
25 Kalaburagi 5,99,009 3,41,978 2,57,031 42.06 32.70 62.31 55.09 46.86 71.91
26 Yadgir 2,03,252 1,43,246 60,006 28.32 23.20 52.80 41.38 36.05 63.92
27 Kolar 4,52,109 2,77,636 1,74,473 55.46 46.51 76.95 66.84 59.82 82.18
28 Chikkaballapur 3,41,064 2,45,891 95,173 48.33 43.39 69.28 61.55 57.10 77.06
29 Bengaluru Rural 3,03,438 2,09,175 94,263 59.67 56.35 71.17 70.63 66.80 80.95
30 Ramanagara 2,96,297 2,05,441 90,856 51.22 46.70 68.89 61.50 56.36 77.51
Source : Census of India -2011 Data Highlights, Karnataka Series 30.
Disabled Population
The census of disabled population was discontinued since 1941 and however it has been continued
during 1981, the International Year of the Disabled. The data on crippled has been collected during 1981
IRUWKHÀUVWWLPHLQWKHKLVWRU\RI,QGLDQ&HQVXV$FFRUGLQJWR FHQVXVWKHGLVDEOHGSRSXODWLRQLQ
WKH6WDWHLV WKHÀUVWÀJXUHLQWKHEUDFNHWLQGLFDWHVIRU5XUDODUHDVDQGWKHVHFRQGÀJXUHLQWKHEUDFNHW
is of the Urban areas) Dumb (14,970; 2,643); Blind (15,162; 2,944) and crippled (15,208; 3,803). For
a population of 10,000, there were six totally blind, six totally crippled and six totally dumb persons in
UXUDODUHDVDQGWKHFRUUHVSRQGLQJÀJXUHVIRUWKHXUEDQDUHDVZHUHWKUHHIRXUDQGWKUHHUHVSHFWLYHO\
Incidence of disabilities is greater in rural areas than in urban areas and this might be due to the lack
of public health services, sanitation, personal hygiene, cleanliness, food and nutrition. The Central
and the State governments and many voluntary organisations have come forward with various kinds
of programmes for the rehabilitation, of the disabled (See chapter XII-Social Welfare Measures for more
details). According to 2001 census, among the total disabled population of 9,40,643; 4,40,875 were
blind, 90,717 dump, 48,861 deaf, 2,66,551 crippled and 92,631 mental disorder persons. For more
details see Table 3.32 to 3.35.
Table 3.32 Distribution of the Disabled by type of Disability, Sex and Residence - 2001
(States, Union Territories and Districts)
Type of disability Sex Total Rural Urban
PEOPLE
Persons 9,40,643 6,61,139 2,79,504
Total disabled population Males 5,37,730 3,75,809 1,61,921
Females 4,02,913 2,85,330 1,17,583
Persons 4,40,875 3,04,701 1,36,174
In Seeing Males 2,41,439 1,64,907 76,532
Females 1,99,436 1,39,794 59,642
Persons 90,717 65,283 25,434
In Speech Males 50,492 36,255 14,237
Females 40,225 29,028 11,197
Persons 49,861 37,381 12,480
In Hearing Males 25,455 18,931 6,524
Females 24,406 18,450 5,956
Persons 2,66,559 1,91,449 75,110
In Movement Males 1,68,815 1,21,400 47,415
Females 97,744 70,049 27,695
Persons 92,631 62,325 30,306
Mental Males 51,529 34,316 17,213
Females 41,102 28,009 13,093 217
HAND BOOK OF
218
KARNATAKA
Table 3.33 Disabled Population by type of Disability, Age and Sex (Total) 2011 Census
Total number of disabled persons In Seeing In Hearing In Speech
Total/ Ru-
Age-group P M F P M F P M F P M F
ral/ Urban
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Total Total 1324205 726521 597684 264170 133909 130261 235691 122685 113006 90741 49848 40893
Total 0-4 58602 30721 27881 13334 6841 6493 13182 6650 6532 1325 732 593
Total 5-9 93449 51342 42107 15870 8403 7467 16196 8370 7826 10657 6138 4519
Total 10-19 237332 130720 106612 39912 21598 18314 39372 20720 18652 23449 13108 10341
Total 20-29 243962 133564 110398 40641 21634 19007 42740 22494 20246 18367 9779 8588
Total 30-39 193941 108554 85387 33276 17645 15631 34493 18241 16252 13276 6891 6385
Total 40-49 157235 91900 65335 28558 15454 13104 28245 15436 12809 10061 5627 4434
Total 50-59 118482 67791 50691 25262 12796 12466 20904 10976 9928 6287 3585 2702
Total 60-69 113719 60679 53040 31488 14274 17214 19966 10018 9948 4605 2560 2045
Total 70-79 69151 34765 34386 22991 10127 12864 12845 6306 6539 1908 1061 847
Total 80-89 28285 12345 15940 9878 3983 5895 5599 2528 3071 571 254 317
Total 90+ 8513 3298 5215 2698 1009 1689 1651 682 969 153 73 80
Total Age Not Stated 1534 842 692 262 145 117 498 264 234 82 40 42
In Movement Mental Retardation Mental Illness Any Other Multiple Disability
T/R/U Age-group P M F P M F P M F P M F P M F
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
Total Total 271982 171139 100843 93974 49501 44473 20913 10828 10085 246721 133079 113642 100013 55532 44481
Total 0-4 6214 3628 2586 3376 1771 1605 252 135 117 16411 8441 7970 4508 2523 1985
Total 5-9 11688 6986 4702 8702 4883 3819 621 346 275 18280 9507 8773 11435 6709 4726
Total 10-19 38546 22910 15636 26113 14254 11859 2627 1423 1204 43087 22948 20139 24226 13759 10467
Total 20-29 56504 34077 22427 20624 10723 9901 3733 1948 1785 45115 23874 21241 16238 9035 7203
Total 30-39 44458 28807 15651 14512 7326 7186 4318 2280 2038 38768 21385 17383 10840 5979 4861
Total 40-49 36126 24705 11421 10073 5301 4772 4107 2159 1948 31667 18165 13502 8398 5053 3345
Total 50-59 29638 20121 9517 5424 2783 2641 2655 1334 1321 22300 12584 9716 6012 3612 2400
Total 60-69 27657 17951 9706 3313 1613 1700 1705 816 889 17952 9631 8321 7033 3816 3217
Total 70-79 14622 8927 5695 1220 556 664 629 293 336 8852 4529 4323 6084 2966 3118
Total 80-89 4959 2383 2576 395 179 216 192 65 127 3058 1446 1612 3633 1507 2126
Total 90+ 1410 553 857 145 61 84 60 22 38 875 369 506 1521 529 992
Age Not
Total 160 91 69 77 51 26 14 7 7 356 200 156 85 44 41
Stated
Source : Census of India 2011.
Table 3.34 Disabled Population by type of Disability, Age and Sex (Rural) 2011 Census
Total number of disabled persons In Seeing In Hearing In Speech
Total/ Ru-
Age-group
ral/ Urban P M F P M F P M F P M F
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Rural Total 792694 438605 354089 139405 69266 70139 120294 62341 57953 60633 33680 26953
Rural 0-4 31159 16574 14585 5391 2746 2645 6134 3149 2985 882 492 390
Rural 5-9 56330 31340 24990 7483 4014 3469 8158 4225 3933 7440 4328 3112
Rural 10-19 147239 82388 64851 20443 11344 9099 20686 11093 9593 16544 9446 7098
Rural 20-29 134156 75354 58802 15770 8705 7065 18226 9764 8462 11845 6402 5443
Rural 30-39 105581 59878 45703 13386 7112 6274 15208 7894 7314 8330 4314 4016
Rural 40-49 91454 54238 37216 13653 7411 6242 14135 7633 6502 6672 3733 2939
Rural 50-59 71198 40889 30309 13798 6767 7031 11186 5762 5424 4095 2320 1775
Rural 60-69 77067 40817 36250 21673 9481 12192 12639 6305 6334 3085 1729 1356
Rural 70-79 50543 25258 25285 17788 7696 10092 8782 4276 4506 1256 691 565
Rural 80-89 20952 9101 11851 7824 3177 4647 3889 1730 2159 348 158 190
Rural 90+ 6324 2399 3925 2077 754 1323 1135 457 678 96 45 51
Rural Age Not Stated 691 369 322 119 59 60 116 53 63 40 22 18
PEOPLE
219
HAND BOOK OF
220
KARNATAKA
In Movement Mental Retardation Mental illness Any Other Multiple Disability
T/R/U Age-group P M F P M F P M F P M F P M F
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
Rural Total 195850 124089 71761 59116 30810 28306 13225 6698 6527 135183 73633 61550 68988 38088 30900
Rural 0-4 4590 2699 1891 1901 985 916 122 69 53 9046 4701 4345 3093 1733 1360
Rural 5-9 8719 5208 3511 5807 3265 2542 313 168 145 10222 5313 4909 8188 4819 3369
Rural 10-19 28933 17223 11710 17602 9556 8046 1577 850 727 24772 13338 11434 16682 9538 7144
Rural 20-29 40278 24665 15613 12676 6544 6132 2315 1144 1171 22265 12147 10118 10781 5983 4798
Rural 30-39 30972 20393 10579 8599 4205 4394 2768 1430 1338 19382 10760 8622 6936 3770 3166
Rural 40-49 25514 17634 7880 6172 3170 3002 2680 1389 1291 17160 9951 7209 5468 3317 2151
Rural 50-59 20822 14136 6686 3208 1614 1594 1755 854 901 12475 7104 5371 3859 2332 1527
Rural 60-69 20186 13069 7117 2075 984 1091 1139 543 596 11218 6019 5199 5052 2687 2365
Rural 70-79 10974 6780 4194 745 338 407 394 187 207 5894 3020 2874 4710 2270 2440
Rural 80-89 3676 1794 1882 202 79 123 108 42 66 2012 945 1067 2893 1176 1717
Rural 90+ 1064 420 644 79 35 44 47 18 29 562 236 326 1264 434 830
Age Not
Rural 122 68 54 50 35 15 7 4 3 175 99 76 62 29 33
Stated
Source : Census of India 2011.
Table 3.35 Disabled Population by type of Disability, Age and Sex (Urban) 2011 Census
Total number of disabled persons In Seeing In Hearing In Speech
Total/ Ru-
Age-group P M F P M F P M F P M F
ral/ Urban
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Urban
Total 531511 287916 243595 124765 64643 60122 115397 60344 55053 30108 16168 13940
Urban
0-4 27443 14147 13296 7943 4095 3848 7048 3501 3547 443 240 203
Urban
5-9 37119 20002 17117 8387 4389 3998 8038 4145 3893 3217 1810 1407
Urban
10-19 90093 48332 41761 19469 10254 9215 18686 9627 9059 6905 3662 3243
Urban
20-29 109806 58210 51596 24871 12929 11942 24514 12730 11784 6522 3377 3145
Urban
30-39 88360 48676 39684 19890 10533 9357 19285 10347 8938 4946 2577 2369
Urban
40-49 65781 37662 28119 14905 8043 6862 14110 7803 6307 3389 1894 1495
Urban
50-59 47284 26902 20382 11464 6029 5435 9718 5214 4504 2192 1265 927
Urban
60-69 36652 19862 16790 9815 4793 5022 7327 3713 3614 1520 831 689
Urban
70-79 18608 9507 9101 5203 2431 2772 4063 2030 2033 652 370 282
Urban
80-89 7333 3244 4089 2054 806 1248 1710 798 912 223 96 127
Urban
90+ 2189 899 1290 621 255 366 516 225 291 57 28 29
Urban
Age Not Stated 843 473 370 143 86 57 382 211 171 42 18 24
In Movement Mental Retardation Mental illness Any Other Multiple Disability
T/R/U Age-group P M F P M F P M F P M F P M F
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
Urban Total 76132 47050 29082 34858 18691 16167 7688 4130 3558 111538 59446 52092 31025 17444 13581
Urban 0-4 1624 929 695 1475 786 689 130 66 64 7365 3740 3625 1415 790 625
Urban 5-9 2969 1778 1191 2895 1618 1277 308 178 130 8058 4194 3864 3247 1890 1357
Urban 10-19 9613 5687 3926 8511 4698 3813 1050 573 477 18315 9610 8705 7544 4221 3323
Urban 20-29 16226 9412 6814 7948 4179 3769 1418 804 614 22850 11727 11123 5457 3052 2405
Urban 30-39 13486 8414 5072 5913 3121 2792 1550 850 700 19386 10625 8761 3904 2209 1695
Urban 40-49 10612 7071 3541 3901 2131 1770 1427 770 657 14507 8214 6293 2930 1736 1194
Urban 50-59 8816 5985 2831 2216 1169 1047 900 480 420 9825 5480 4345 2153 1280 873
Urban 60-69 7471 4882 2589 1238 629 609 566 273 293 6734 3612 3122 1981 1129 852
Urban 70-79 3648 2147 1501 475 218 257 235 106 129 2958 1509 1449 1374 696 678
Urban 80-89 1283 589 694 193 100 93 84 23 61 1046 501 545 740 331 409
Urban 90+ 346 133 213 66 26 40 13 4 9 313 133 180 257 95 162
Urban Age Not Stated 38 23 15 27 16 11 7 3 4 181 101 80 23 15 8
Source : Census of India 2011.
PEOPLE
221
Languages
As many as 22 languages are recognised in our Constitution as the main languages of the country.
Though, Kannada is the principal language of the state, and accounting for more than 65 per cent of
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
the total population (according to 1981 census) were using Kannada, there are people who speak other
major languages also. According to 1981 census the number of persons speaking some major languages
in the State was as follows: Assamese 157; Bengali 10,226; Gujarati 36,390; Hindi 6,57,561; Kannada
2,41,99,576; Kashmiri 94; Konkani 6,40,738; Malayalam 5,90,709; Marathi 13,91,311; Oriya 2,118;
Punjabi 9,536; Sanskrit 509; Sindhi 11,597; Tamil 13,85,313; Telugu 29,93,501; Tulu 12,17,834 and
Urdu 35,12,831. According to 1991 census, 66.22 per cent of the population of the state were speaking
Kannada, Urdu 9.96 per cent, Telugu 7.3 per cent, Tamil 3.84 per cent, Marathi 3.65 per cent, Tulu
3.07 per cent, Hindi 1.97 per cent, Malayalam 1.68 per cent, Konkani 1.75 per cent, Coorgi 0.21 per
cent. Table given below shows the percentage of population by Mother tongue statistics in Karnataka.
For more details see Table 3.36 to 3.38.
Table 3.36 Percentage of Population by
Mother Tongue of Karnataka State 1991 and 2001
Mother Tongue 1991 2001
Kannada 66.22% 65.92%
Hindi 1.97% 2.54%
Konkani 1.75% 1.45%
Malayalam 1.68% 1.33 %
Marathi 3.65% 3.54%
Tamil 3.84% 3.55%
Telugu 7.3% 7.00%
Tulu 3.07% -
Urdu 9.96% 10.48%
Kodava 0.21%
Table 3.37 Percentage of Population by Mother Tongue in Karnataka 2001
Sl. Mother TOTAL RURAL URBAN
No. Tongue P M F P M F P M F
1 Assamese 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01
2 Bengali 0.08 0.10 0.06 0.04 0.05 0.03 0.15 0.20 0.10
3 Bodo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4 Dogri 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
5 Gujarati 0.19 0.20 0.19 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.49 0.49 0.48
6 Hindi 2.54 2.68 2.41 2.44 2.49 2.38 2.75 3.03 2.46
7 Kannada 65.92 65.85 65.98 75.24 75.30 75.18 47.81 47.83 47.79
8 Kashmiri 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01
9 Konkani 1.45 1.40 1.50 1.14 1.10 1.17 2.07 1.98 2.16
10 Maithili 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
11 Malayalam 1.33 1.35 1.31 1.03 1.02 1.03 1.91 1.97 1.86
12 Manipuri 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00
13 Marathi 3.58 3.57 3.59 3.31 3.31 3.31 4.11 4.07 4.15
14 Nepali 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.04 0.05 0.03
15 Oriya 0.03 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.07 0.10 0.03
16 Punjabi 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.09 0.07
17 Sanskrit 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
18 Santali 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
222 19 Sindhi 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.08 0.08
20 Tamil 3.55 3.58 3.52 1.11 1.13 1.08 8.29 8.25 8.33
21 Telugu 7.00 6.99 7.01 5.96 5.95 5.96 9.02 8.98 9.07
22 Urdu 10.48 10.52 10.44 5.78 5.81 5.75 19.62 19.52 19.73
23 Others 3.76 3.61 3.90 3.90 3.76 4.05 3.47 3.34 3.61
100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
Total Population 52850562 26898918 25951644 34889033 17648958 17240075 17961529 9249960 8711569
Table 3.38 Population by Mother Tongue in Karnataka- 2011 Census
Total Rural Urban
Mother Tongue
P M F P M F P M F
Assamese 9,871 7,083 2,788 2,984 2,299 6,85 6,887 4,784 2,103
Bengali 87,963 52,733 35,230 21,595 12,970 8,625 66,368 39,763 26,605
Bodo 4,39 3,11 1,28 1,83 1,32 51 2,56 1,79 77
Dogri 8,34 5,65 2,69 1,16 83 33 7,18 4,82 2,36
Gujarati 1,14,616 58,706 55,910 11,083 5,655 5,428 1,03,533 53,051 50,482
Hindi 20,13,364 10,90,678 9,22,686 10,88,225 5,68,591 5,19,634 9,25,139 5,22,087 4,03,052
Kannada 4,06,51,090 2,05,67,090 2,00,84,000 2,90,40,962 1,46,70,153 1,43,70,809 1,16,10,128 58,96,937 57,13,191
Kashmiri 3,388 1,914 1,474 8,33 4,36 3,97 2555 1,478 1,077
Konkani 7,88,294 3,87,080 4,01,214 3,57,372 1,76,623 1,80,749 4,30,922 2,10,457 2,20,465
PEOPLE
Maithili 1,810 1,118 6,92 1,63 1,11 52 1,647 1,007 6,40
Malayalam 7,74,057 3,88,391 3,85,666 3,39,952 1,68,875 1,71,077 4,34,105 2,19,516 2,14,589
Manipuri 4,103 2,526 1,577 3,03 2,20 83 3,800 2,306 1,494
Marathi 20,64,906 10,44,408 10,20,498 12,37,722 6,27,205 6,10,517 8,27,184 4,17,203 4,09,981
Nepali 19,274 11,453 7,821 3,940 2,564 1,376 15,334 8,889 6,445
Odia 64,119 43,456 20,663 16,212 11,177 5,035 47,907 32,279 15,628
Punjabi 25,981 13,832 12,149 1,085 6,57 4,28 24,896 13,175 11,721
Sanskrit 1,218 6,98 5,20 2,02 1,63 39 1,016 5,35 4,81
Santali 3,11 1,99 1,12 76 51 25 2,35 1,48 87
Sindhi 16,954 8,349 8,605 86 44 42 16,868 8,305 8,563
Tamil 21,10,128 10,66,935 10,43,193 3,32,578 1,69,630 1,62,948 17,77,550 8,97,305 8,80,245
Telugu 35,69,400 17,98,848 17,70,552 16,17,894 8,09,080 8,08,814 19,51,506 9,89,768 9,61,738
Urdu 66,18,324 33,60,902 32,57,422 21,42,104 10,87,181 10,54,923 44,76,220 22,73,721 22,02,499
Coorgi/Kodagu 1,10,508 54,404 56,104 76,421 3,859 38,562 34,087 16,545 17,542
Source : Census of India 2011.
Religion
Karnataka is a land of many religions. Every religion has contributed in its own way in shaping the
life and activities of the people and promoting the culture of Karnataka. Majority of people in Karnataka
are adherent to Hinduism and the other major religions of the State are Buddhism, Christianity,
Jainism, Islam and Sikkhism. According to 1991 census the population and the percentage of the total
SRSXODWLRQRIGLIIHUHQWUHOLJLRQVDQGUHOLJLRQVQRWVWDWHGZHUHDVIROORZV WKHÀUVWÀJXUHLQWKHEUDFNHW
LQGLFDWHV WKH SRSXODWLRQ DQG WKH VHFRQG ÀJXUH LV WKH SHUFHQWDJH RI WKH WRWDO SRSXODWLRQ %XGGKLVWV
(73,012 - 0.16), Christians (8,59,478 - 1.91), Hindus (3,84,32,027 - 85.45), Jains (3,26,114 - 0.73),
Muslims (52,34,023 -11.64), Sikhs (10,101-0.02), other religions and persuations (6,325 - 0.01) and
religion not stated (36,121 – 0.08). According to 2001 census, the population and the percentage of the
WRWDO SRSXODWLRQ RI GLIIHUHQW UHOLJLRQV DUH DV IROORZV WKH ÀUVW ÀJXUH LQGLFDWHV WKH SRSXODWLRQ DQG WKH
VHFRQGÀJXUHLVWKHSHUFHQWDJHRIWKHWRWDOSRSXODWLRQ %XGGKLVWV &KULVWLDQV
(1.90); Hindus 4,43,21,279 (83.86); Jains 4,12,659 (0.78); Muslims 64,63,127 (12.23) Sikhs 15,326
(0.02); Others 1,15,460 (0.22); Religion not stated 1,20,247 (0.23). For district - wise detail see the table.
$FFRUGLQJWRFHQVXVWKHSURYLVLRQDOÀJXUHVIRUWKHUHOLJLRQZLVHGLVWULEXWLRQRI3RSXODWLRQLQ
Karnataka was comprised of Hindu-83 per cent, Muslim -11 per cent, Christian - 4 per cent, Jains - 223
0.78 per cent and Buddhist - 0.73 per cent respectively. For more details see Table 3.39 to 3.41.
Table 3.39 Percentage of Religion in Karnataka from 1961 to 2001
1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001
Hindus 89.3 87.26 86.46 85.93 85.45 83.86
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
Muslims 7.7 9.87 10.63 11.05 11.64 12.23
Christians - 2.06 2.09 2.06 1.91 1.91
Others religion 3.0 0.81 0.82 0.96 1.0 2.0
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Table 3.40 Percentage of Population by Religious and Communities in Karnataka - 2001
Other
Religion
Sl. State/ Districts Hindu Muslim Christian Sikh Buddhist Jain religions
not stated
No & persuasions
KARNATAKA 83.86 12.23 1.91 0.03 0.74 0.78 0.22 0.23
1 Belagavi 84.59 10.46 0.42 0.02 0.12 4.02 0.20 0.16
2 Bagalkot 86.21 11.14 0.17 0.01 0.05 1.45 0.76 0.21
3 Vijayapura 82.74 16.30 0.08 0.01 0.13 0.46 0.10 0.17
4 Kalaburagi 76.06 17.60 0.59 0.02 4.91 0.21 0.29 0.32
5 Bidar 67.90 19.69 2.87 0.04 8.13 0.08 0.81 0.48
6 Raichur 84.87 13.69 0.74 0.01 0.09 0.23 0.10 0.27
7 Koppal 87.14 11.47 0.34 0.01 0.01 0.22 0.36 0.45
8 Gadag 84.91 12.99 0.33 0.01 0.04 0.63 0.80 0.30
9 Dharwad 76.13 19.65 1.72 0.07 0.14 1.56 0.47 0.26
10 Uttara Kannada 83.63 11.94 3.32 0.02 0.79 0.26 0.03 0.02
11 Haveri 80.84 17.64 0.15 0.01 0.01 0.68 0.28 0.38
12 Ballari 85.81 12.72 0.65 0.02 0.02 0.34 0.23 0.20
13 Chitradurga 91.48 7.21 0.15 0.04 0.01 0.24 0.32 0.55
14 Davanagere 85.58 12.66 0.30 0.01 0.00 0.34 0.50 0.61
15 Shivamogga 85.30 12.24 1.61 0.02 0.01 0.58 0.15 0.09
16 Udupi 86.17 7.47 5.90 0.02 0.01 0.41 0.00 0.02
17 Chikkamagaluru 88.06 8.28 2.41 0.01 0.10 0.45 0.35 0.36
18 Tumakuru 90.91 8.19 0.30 0.01 0.01 0.21 0.22 0.14
19 Kolar 86.62 11.78 1.28 0.01 0.02 0.15 0.01 0.12
20 Bengaluru 79.37 13.38 5.80 0.10 0.06 1.05 0.05 0.18
21 Bengaluru Rural 90.03 9.07 0.46 0.01 0.04 0.11 0.04 0.25
22 Mandya 94.55 3.96 0.46 0.01 0.63 0.22 0.07 0.10
23 Hassan 92.19 6.08 0.91 0.02 0.13 0.33 0.03 0.30
Dakshina
24 68.59 22.07 8.69 0.02 0.03 0.55 0.01 0.03
Kannada
25 Kodagu 82.16 14.30 3.27 0.01 0.12 0.04 0.02 0.07
26 Mysuru 87.44 8.87 1.32 0.02 1.44 0.57 0.17 0.17
27 Chamarajanagar 89.45 4.12 2.20 0.01 3.53 0.11 0.44 0.15
224
Source : Census of India 2011.
Table 3.41 Religion Population in Karnataka -2011 Census
T/R/U Religion Total Population Total Male Total Female
Total 61095297 30966657 30128640
Hindu 51317472 26017983 25299489
Muslim 7893065 4007871 3885194
Christian 1142647 557436 585211
Total Sikh 28773 15955 12818
Buddhist 95710 55015 40695
Jain 440280 225544 214736
Other religions and persuasions 11263 5704 5559
Religion not stated 166087 81149 84938
Total 37469335 18929354 18539981
Hindu 33905041 17122399 16782642
Muslim 2883788 1459151 1424637
Christian 309419 153269 156150
Sikh 6754 3753 3001
Rural
PEOPLE
Buddhist 69969 40316 29653
Jain 220362 113598 106764
Other religions and persuasions 5071 2556 2515
Religion not stated 68931 34312 34619
Total 23625962 12037303 11588659
Hindu 17412431 8895584 8516847
Muslim 5009277 2548720 2460557
Christian 833228 404167 429061
Sikh 22019 12202 9817
Urban
Buddhist 25741 14699 11042
Jain 219918 111946 107972
Other religions and persuasions 6192 3148 3044
Religion not Stated 97156 46837 50319
Source : Census of India 2011.
Backward Classes Commissions of Karnataka **
Karnataka has a very rich tradition of making reforms in uplifting welfare of the down trodden and
backward class people. In the Princely Mysore state, The Odeyars had formed the Miller Committee long
back in 1918 itself, when Nalwadi Krishnaraja Odeyar was then the ruler of Mysore Kingdom.
Miller Committee Report
But the most important achievement of Kantaraja Urs, the then Diwan of Mysore Kingdom, was the
publication of the Justice Miller Committee Report and initiating steps for its implementation. This was
a great boon to the Backward Communities who were clamouring for reservation in Government jobs.
Justice Miller Committee appointed in August 1918 submitted its report in 1919. The Miller Committee,
basing on the census of 1911, decided that any community (caste) which had less than 5 per cent
literacy had to be treated as backward. The committee also recommended that for a period of seven
years, half of the higher appointments must be made from Backward Communities. Orders were passed
in 1921 for implementation of the policy. 225
Naganna Gowda Committee the 13 communities from category 2 on which it
After independence, and during the post- did not have enough data, it retained the above
XQLÀFDWLRQ WKH *RYHUQPHQW RI 0\VRUH three categories for employment purposes (Article
KARNATAKA
appointed a Committee under the Chairmanship
HAND BOOK OF
16 (4)) as well. For an estimated population of
of Dr. Naganna Gowda to prescribe criteria for about 42 per cent to 15 per cent (19 per cent to 22
determining the Backward Classes of people, per cent in category 1, 14.5 per cent in category
to specify sections of the people who could be 2, and 8 per cent in category 3), the commission
treated as socially and educationally backward recommended an overall reservation of 32 per cent
and to suggest the exact manner in which the (16 percent, 10 per cent and 6 per cent respectively
criteria prescribed by it should be followed by for the three categories) for purposes of both the
the State Government to determine the persons articles. As the Commission treated only one
who should secure preference determined by the populous community, Vokkaligas, as backward,
Government in respect of admission to technical but not the Lingayaths, Muslims, and Christians,
institutions and appointments to Government while accepting its recommendations in general,
Services. The Committee submitted its report in the Urs government included the Muslims as a
1961. It includes a large number of castes and whole in category 1, and the Scheduled Caste
groups of people within the term ‘‘socially and Converts to Christianity up to the second
educationally Backward classes’’. The Committee generation in category 2 for purposes of both the
suggested one set of Backward communities for articles. To satisfy the Brahmins, Lingayaths,
reservation in services and another set for the and other forward communities excluded by the
grant of educational concessions. It recommended commission, the government, contrived a ‘special
WKDW ÀIW\ SHU FHQW RI WKH VHDWV LQ WHFKQLFDO DQG group’ irrespective of caste/community consisting
professional institutions should be reserved for of actual cultivators, artisans, petty businessmen,
students and Backward classes. It also proposed persons holding inferior appointments’ (Class
UHVHUYDWLRQRIIRUW\ÀYHSHUFHQWRIDOO*RYHUQPHQW IV or equivalent), and self-employed or those
vacancies for Backward class candidates. engaged in manual labour. The government also
Havanur Commission increased the quantum of reservation to 40 per
In its well researched and widely acclaimed cent (20 per cent for category 1, 10 per cent for
report (in four bulky volumes) submitted in category 2, and 5 per cent each for categories 3
1975, this Commission constituted in 1972 by and 4) and introduced an income limit, ostensibly
Chief Minister D. Devaraj Urs with L.G. Havanur IRU UHVWULFWLQJ WKH UHVHUYDWLRQ EHQHÀWV WR WKRVH
as Chairman and six others as members, whose annual family income did not exceed Rs.
ÀUVW LGHQWLÀHG WKH VRFLDOO\ EDFNZDUG FDVWHV LQ WKH FDVH RI WKH ÀUVW WKUHH FDWHJRULHV
communities by applying multiple tests such as and Rs.4,800/- in the case of category 4.
economic, residential, and occupational. Among In 1978, the two government orders on Havanur’s
WKH FRPPXQLWLHV VR LGHQWLÀHG IRU HGXFDWLRQDO report, of February 22 and March 4, 1977, were
purposes Article 15(4) the commission treated challenged before the Karnataka High Court on
those whose performance in the 1972 SSLC many grounds by as many as 252 persons. In
examination was below the state average April 1979, the high court upheld the Government
but above 50 per cent of it as category 1 to 15 Orders in the main but struck down in part : It
‘Backward Communities’, and those whose upheld the division of the Backward Classes into
performance was below 50 per cent of the State three categories, the creation of the special group,
average as category 2 of 128 ‘Backward Castes’ and the inclusion of Muslims and Scheduled Castes
and category 3 of 62 ‘Backward Tribes’. Category 2 converts to Christianity; are struck down from
also contained 13 minuscule communities with a category one Arasu for purposes of either Article
combined population of about 0.1 per cent though 15(4) or Article 16(4) and Balija, Jevadiga, Ganiga,
the commission did not have adequate data on Rajput, Satani, and Nayinda (the last by some
their backwardness. apparent error) for the purposes of Article 16(4),
After excluding six communities from Category and from category 2 all the 13 communities which
1 (Arasu, Balija, Cevadiga, Ganiga, Rajput, the commission had included without any basis.
and Satani) which the Commission found were The matter was then taken to the Supreme Court
226
adequately represented in the public service, and in the K.C.Vasanthkumar Case. In the course of
trial hearing of this case by a Constitution bench, consideration the caste/community percentage
in November 1982 the Karnataka Government and State average of employment in the
gave an undertaking to the Supreme Court to public service, and treated 31 of the above 35
appoint another Commission. It was following this communities as backward for employment in
undertaking that the government constituted the the public service, and treated 31 of the above
second commission in April 1983, with 15 members 35 communities as backward for employment
including its Chairman T.Venkataswamy, and purposes, 12 in group A, and 19 in group B. While
member - Secretary. LWV ÀUVW UHFRPPHQGDWLRQ ZDV WKXV WR WUHDW DV
backward 35 castes/communities for educational
Venkataswamy Commission
purposes, and of them 31 for employment
The Venkataswamy Commission in 1986 made
purposes, its second recommendation was for
one of the most comprehensive socio-economic
an overall reservation of 27 per cent for both
and educational surveys ever undertaken,
purposes, 14 per cent for group A (for about 18
covering about 91 per cent of the State’s 3.6
per cent population) and 13 per cent for group
crore population consisting of about 61 lakh
B (for about 15 per cent population). It also
households, by a door-to-door enumeration;
offered a wide array of other recommendations
issued wide ranging questionnaires and elicited
for the gradual upliftment of the Backward
answers; interviewed a large number of individuals
classes. Its recommendations directly related to
and representatives of associations; and gathered
the implementation of the reservation provisions
statistical information from all available sources.
included reservations in promotions as well; carry
For determining backwardness the commission
PEOPLE
IRUZDUGV\VWHPIRUXQÀOOHGTXRWDV H[FOXVLRQIURP
formulated as many as 17 socio-economic,
WKH UHVHUYDWLRQ EHQHÀWV DOO WKRVH ZLWK DQQXDO
educational and employment indicators,
family income above Rs.15,000/- and all those
covering in each caste/community the number
whose grandparents and parents had availed the
of houseless/siteless families, families living
EHQHÀWVXQGHUERWKDUWLFOHV LQVLVWHQFHRQLQFRPH
in pukka/Katcha houses, families with annual
income of less than 5,000 and more than 20,000, FHUWLÀFDWHVIRUFODLPLQJWKHEHQHÀWV DQGDEROLWLRQ
families holding less than one standard acre, and of the hackneyed special group from which only
the population of agricultural labourers, urban WKH IRUZDUGV KDG EHQHÀWHG PDLQO\ E\ HQWU\ LQWR
settlers, illiterates, dropouts below the seventh professional colleges and State services.
standard, SSLC students, employees in each of These recommendations, especially the drastic
the four classes (I to IV), and self-employed. cut in the B.Cs. from about 200 names to just 35
7KH &RPPLVVLRQ ÀUVW LGHQWLÀHG DV VRFLDOO\ names and in the quantum of reservations from
backward all those communities which scored about 50 per cent (with reservation for the special
as nine or more indicators. Among them, like the group increased to 15 per cent in 1979) to 27 per
Havanur Commission, it treated as educationally cent, were in sharp contrast to the expectations
backward those whose performance in the 1985 of the vested interests. Predictably, its severe
SSLC examination was below the State average. restrictions and several exclusions, in particular
It found the social and educational backwardness of the dominant Lingayath and Vokkaliga
as revealed by the 17 indicators and the SSLC communities, in addition to other advanced castes
performance test respectively to be coincidental such as the Brahmin, Vysya, Balija, Devanga,
in all but 13 cases. In these cases it took the Nehgi, Ganiga, and Maratha, were sent for group
SSLC performance test as yet another indicator B (for about 15 per cent population).
and treated as educationally backward those
It also offered a wide array of other
communities which scored ten or more indicators
recommendations for the gradual upliftment of the
RI WKH FRPPXQLWLHV VR LGHQWLÀHG LW WUHDWHG
Backward classes. Its recommendations directly
whose SSLC performance was below the State
related to the implementation of the reservation
average but above 50 per cent of it as group A,
provisions included reservations in promotions
and 20 whose performance was 50 per cent below
DVZLOO FDUU\IRUZDUGV\VWHPIRUXQÀOOHGTXRWDV
the State average as group B.
H[FOXVLRQIURPWKHUHVHUYDWLRQEHQHÀWVDOOWKRVH
It applied similar tests for determining with annual family income above Rs.15,000 and
227
employment backwardness after taking into all those whose grandparents and parents had
DYDLOHGWKHEHQHÀWVXQGHUERWKDUWLFOHV LQVLVWHQFH the changes which such conditions might have
RQ LQFRPH FHUWLÀFDWHV IRU FODLPLQJ WKH EHQHÀWV undergone over the years. It is precisely this great
and abolition of the hackneyed special group from relevance of the caste factor which has prompted
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
ZKLFKRQO\WKHIRUZDUGVKDGEHQHÀWHGPDLQO\E\ Justice Reddy to probe into the social gradation of
entry into professional colleges and State services. the castes in south India Proceeding roughly ‘‘on
the precedence given in rural society to learning
Chinnappa Reddy Commission
over land, to land over trade, to trade over crafts,
In view of the frequent attacks on and agitations
to crafts over manual labour and manual labour
against the reservation policy, right at the outset
over labour engaged in obnoxious work’’. Making
Justice Reddy has expressed in unequivocal
good use of the rich data collected from a wide
terms his abiding concern for the continuation
array of sources such as evidence by individuals
of this policy and the constitutional mandates on
it. Later, he has also arrived at the unambiguous and associations representing various castes/
conclusion that social and educational communities, interviews, tours of villages in the
backwardness is the outcome of economic several districts, specially commissioned surveys,
underdevelopment, educational unawareness, and statistics on education and employment
and caste degradation, that these three ‘villains’ for the entire state collected from an apathetic
not only cause backwardness but also sustain bureaucracy after frustrating interactions, he
each other with remarkable mutuality, that for has examined how this social gradation is now
overcoming backwardness each of the ‘villains’ UHÁHFWHG LQ WKH SROLWLFDO HFRQRPLF HGXFDWLRQDO
has to be vanquished, that as caste is a burden and occupational attainments of the various
acquired with birth, a sort of `original sin, the best castes, or communities with corresponding
ZD\WRÀJKWLWLVWRÀJKWWKHRWKHUWZRHYLOVIURP gradations.
which it draws sustenance in abundance. ,QGRLQJWKLV-XVWLFH5HGG\KDVÀUVWSUHVHQWHG
Relevance of Caste the population estimates for 1988 for the different
Yetin identifying backwardness, if not for castes/communities. He has then examined their
overcoming it, he has projected caste as the relative position with reference to political power,
primary key. He has done this by calling attention land ownership, economic prosperity, poverty,
to India’s despairingly vast socio-economic landlessness, literacy, education, and employment;
inequalities, with the ‘superior’ priestly, landlord, and re-examined this position with reference
merchant and such other castes at one end of the to their traditional social status gradation and
spectrum, the Scheduled Caste/Scheduled Tribe hierarchy. In making a general assessment of
out-castes at the other end, and the numerous each caste/community Justice Reddy’s main
others castes in between who because of the considerations have been its traditional social
low gradation of the caste to which they belong status, literacy rate with reference to the State
in the rural social hierarchy, because of the low average, performance in the SSLC examination
gradation of the caste to which they belong in with reference to parent’s income and occupation.
the rural social hierarchy, because of the humble And share in the total admissions to the various
occupations which they pursue or because of professional and postgraduate courses and in
their poverty and ignorance are also condemned the total employment in universities, public
to backwardness, social and educational. enterprises and in the State Government. Since
WKH 9HQNDWDVZDP\ &RPPLVVLRQ·V ÀJXUHV ZHUH
This reiteration of the need for reservations
accuracy, after cross checking them in various
in the context of the glaring caste-based
ZD\V -XVWLFH 5HGG\ KDV XVHG WKHVH ÀJXUHV IRU
inequalities itself brings to the fore the relevance
making projections for 1988.
of caste as an inevitable unit for identifying
any B.Cs. Commission (and obviously also It is the overall effect or effects of all factors
for any administrator dealing with the B.Cs. taken together that Justice Reddy has considered
programmes) and as an important criterion for for determining caste backwardness. On the basis
testing the claims of members of such units, for the of his overall assessment of the different castes/
EHQHÀWVRIWKHSROLF\E\WDNLQJLQWRFRQVLGHUDWLRQ communities he has drawn up two provisional
their traditional caste-based socio-economic, lists, one of the backwards with 67 names, and
228
educational and occupations conditions and another of the forwards with 32 names.
Economic Criterion again looked at the representation of the different
Justice Reddy has then subjected his castes/communities in the public service, this
assessment of the castes/communities in these time by treating women as a separate category
lists to the economic criterion. The pattern in within each caste/community for the state civil
these lists to the economic criterion. The pattern services for which he could obtain the relevant
which has emerged from his earlier analysis of data. He has also introduced the economic
the data on the 1988 SSLC examination for the IDFWRU IRU UHVWULFWLQJ WKH UHVHUYDWLRQ EHQHÀWV WR
State as a whole is that children of the lowest WKH UHDOO\ EDFNZDUG E\ H[FOXGLQJ IURP EHQHÀWV
income group fared hardly while those of the persons who are seemingly forward as revealed
highest income group fared best, and that the by their parents educational, occupational and
performance was distinctly linked to income, economic background. As this issue is part of his
improving as the income level went up. As this recommendations, more of this later.
itself is enough evidence of the crucial role of
economic background and the importance of After all his systematic, stage by stage,
the economic criterion in locating social and disaggregated and aggregated analysis of the
educational backwardness, his main task has latent and manifest evidences of social and
been to consider the extent of relevance of this educational advancement or backwardness,
FULWHULRQ 2Q WKLV KH KDV ÀUVW RIIHUHG WZR YHU\ -XVWLFH5HGG\KDVFRQÀUPHGWKHWZRSURYLVLRQDO
powerful arguments. First, if economic criterion is lists prepared by him. He has divided the list
to be the sole test and if Socially and Educationally of the backwards into three categories, with 52
PEOPLE
Backward Classes are to be equated with the names in category 1, 14 names in category 2, and
economically backward, the Constitution would numberless occupational groups as category 3.
have used the expression economically backward; The division into categories 1 and 2 is on the basis
and not the expression ‘‘socially and educationally of the comparative backwardness of the castes/
backward’’. Second, Article 15(4) is obviously communities as well as their size, bearing in
not part of a poverty eradication programme mind that ‘‘some of them are either so extremely
though poverty eradication may also necessarily backward socially and educationally (or) are so
be involved in any socio educational programme small in number that they cannot possibly hope
aimed at the removal of backwardness. Buy to compete with the larger groups or those who
numerous illustrations he has then exposed though socially and educationally backward, are
the `hollowness’, ‘impracticability’, and the more advanced than themselves’’. Incidentally,
‘undesirability’ of adopting an income criterion as WKHÀUVWWZRFDWHJRULHVDOVRLQFOXGHRIWKH
WKHVROHEDVLV PRUHVREHFDXVHRIWKHGLIÀFXOW\LQ FDVWHVFRPPXQLWLHV LGHQWLÀHG DV EDFNZDUG E\
ascertaining the actual income, the arbitrariness the Venkataswamy Commission.
LQYROYHG LQ À[LQJ DQG FRPSXWLQJ VXFK LQFRPH
and the greatest possible abuse of the income Keeping in mind the uniform and consistent
FHUWLÀFDWHV $V WKH HFRQRPLF IDFWRU LV FORVHO\ patterns which have emerged from the data
linked to the caste factor and the caste factor has on various factors of social and educational
greater links with social backwardness, Justice backwardness, Justice Reddy has treated the
Reddy has been only too right in suggesting three categories as common for purposes of
that with some caution and care the Socially Articles 15(4), and 16(4). The overall reservation
and Educationally Backward Classes may be recommended by him is 38 per cent (11 per
LGHQWLÀHGZLWKUHIHUHQFHWRDFRPELQDWLRQRIWKH cent more than Venkataswamy Commission’s
caste and economic factors, without necessarily recommendation) -5 per cent for category 1, 28
recognising the economic factor through income per cent for category 2 and 5 per cent for category
FHUWLÀFDWHV7KLVLVSUHFLVHO\ZKDWKHKDVDOUHDG\ 3 consisting of landless or land-poor agricultural
done in his consideration of the various factors labourers, handloom weavers not owning more
under caste backwardness. than two looms and working for wages or on piece
rate basis, construction workers, and so on. The
However, by arguing that the occupational factor
SRSXODWLRQFRPLQJXQGHUWKHÀUVWWZRFDWHJRULHV
is closely linked with the caste and economic
is about 8 per cent and 33 per cent respectively 229
factors, and as a further measure of caution, he has
(including the Lingayath Sub-groups).
Recommendations Hinduism: Hinduism comprises of several sects
Justice Reddy has made several important and faiths. The Hindu Code denotes all persons
recommendations for the effective implementation who profess Hindu religion either by birth by
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
of the reservation policy, an for the betterment of Hinduparents or by conversion. All Indians who
the really backward. are not Muslims, Christians, Parsees or Jews, can
be termed as Hindus. According to Hindu Law,
They Include:-
Hinduism includes followers of Vedic tradition,
(1) Exclusion from reservations of all those either
Sikhs, Jains, Buddhists, Veerashaivas, Arya
of whose parents is/was employed in higher
Samajists, Bramhos and the followers of animistic
JUDGHV $ RU % LV D TXDOLÀHG SURIHVVLRQDO
cults including Bhuta worship etc. There are a
as Doctor, Engineer, etc., is an income-tax
number of cults and religious practices, among
or sales tax assessee, or is owner of more
than eight hectares of rainfed dry land or its Hindus. Gokarna is an important Shaiva centre
equivalent; and also all those whose parents of great antiquity. Pranaveshwara temple at
are graduates; Talagunda is one of the oldest among the Shiva
shrines of India. Shankaracharya (circa 788-820)
(OLJLELOLW\ IRU WKH UHVHUYDWLRQ EHQHÀWV E\ DQ\ visited Karnataka and the Sringeri Peethas one of
member of the B.Cs. only on production of a the four mathas believed to have been founded by
7DKVLOGDU·V FHUWLÀFDWH LVVXHG RQ DIÀGDYLWV E\ him in India. He preached the doctrine of Monism
parents and by a responsible resident of the or Advaitha, according to which Brahma or the
Locality; Supreme Being alone is real and the universe is
(3) Punishment, by imprisonment up to six illusory or Maya. He advised people to worship any
months, of all those who obtain false of the six deities, Shiva, Vishnu, Shakti, Kartikeya,
FHUWLÀFDWHV DQG RI DOO WKHLU DFFRPSOLFHV Ganapathi or Surya. In addition to Sringeri,
including the issuing authorities, and Shankara Mathas were also founded later at
IRUIHLWXUHRIDOOEHQHÀWVVHFXUHGWKURXJKVXFK Kudali, Shivaganga, Avani and Sankeshwara in
FHUWLÀFDWHV Karnataka. Many groups of Brahmanas like the
Badaganadu, Mulukanadu, Babburkamme, Kota,
(4) Application of the reservation rule not only for Karade, Hoysala Karnataka, Uluchukamme, and
WKH LQLWLDO DSSRLQWPHQW EXW DOVR IRU WKH ÀUVW Chitpavan are adherents of the school of Shankara
stage of promotion; in Karnataka.
(5) Setting up of a permanent committee Buddhism: One of the ancient religions founded
for making the reservation scheme self- and propagated by Gautama Buddha in India
moderating and self-regulatory, by evaluating during 6th century B.C. Later it spread to other
the progress of each of the castes/communities parts of the world. The four truths preached by
included in the B.Cs. list, by deciding before
Buddha is popularly known as ‘Arya Satya’ or
February 15 every year whether the list needs
the ‘Noble Truth’. Buddhism was popular in
any revision on a consideration of how each of
Karnataka from the time of Ashoka (273-232
them has fared in the SSLC examination, and
B.C.). It is believed that Ashoka had sent Buddhist
in the admissions to higher employment and
missionaries to Banavasi. Hiuen- Tsang who
higher education during the preceding three
visited Karnataka in about 640 A.D. says that
years, and by recommending measures for Banavasi country had hundreds of Viharas. At
their overall advancement; and Sannati and Kanaganahalli (Kalaburagi district),
(6) Creating conditions for the advancement remains of Stupas of Shatavahana times have
of the Backward Classes through literacy been unearthed. There are Buddist monuments
and poverty eradication, educational and of Chalukyan times at Badami and Aihole in
economic improvement programmes, rather Vijayapura district. Tharabhagavati images have
than substituting such programmes by mere been found at Belagavi (Balligave, Shivamogga
reservations from which in any case (only Dt.) and Koliwada (Dharwad Dt). Many Buddhist
D VHOHFW IHZ EHQHÀW EXW QRW WKH EXON RI WKH remains were unearthed in and around Hampi.
Some of the centres of Buddhist worship as in
B.Cs.)
Kadiri later were converted into centres of Shaiva
230 **For more details please refer the available worship and Manjushri at Dharmastala became
Respective Commission Reports. 0DQMXQDWKD7KH\FDPHXQGHUWKHLQÁXHQFHRIWKH
Natha Panthis. There are worderful 10th Century The Veerashaiva teachers preached through
bronze images at Kadri which include Lokeshwara. Vachanas (poetic-prose) and they propagated the
There is a Mahabodi Society at Bengaluru active worship of Shiva and the leading of a life of morality
both in social and spiritual activities. Of late many and condemned social evils like caste differences
SC’s have embraced Neo-Buddhism. and untouchability. Basava stressed the dignity of
labour by his statement ‘Kayakave kailasa’ (‘work
Jainism: ‘Jina’ to mean the ‘conqueror’ i.e.,
is worship’) and wanted every Veerashaiva to
one who has conquered the materialistic life, love
follow some useful profession to earn his rightful
and Jealousy and freed from the clutches of this
livehood. Jedara Dasimayya Shankaracharya,
mundane word. The terms like ‘Arhat’, Tirthankara
Jagajyoti Basaveshwara, and Ekantada Ramayya,
etc., are the synonyms for the word ‘Jina’. The
who had preceded Basava and contemporaries
philosophy taught by these Tirtharnkaras itself
of Basava like Allama Prabhu, Channabasava,
is Jainism. Altogether 24 Tirtankaras staring
Siddarama, Madivala Machayya (a washerman),
from Vrashabhanatha to Mahavira have enriched
Kakkayya (a cobbler), Hadapada Appanna (a
Jainism through their preaching’s. Jainism has
barber) and women like Akka Mahadevi, Akka
been an important religion of Karnataka and it has
Nagamma, Neelambika, Muktayakka and others
contributed quite substantially to the culture of
were among those who composed Vachanas and
Karnataka. Bhadrabahu, the last Shrutakevalin,
profounded this philosophy. The Veerashaivas
migrated to Karnataka with a large number of
are a major section and are recognised by the
followers including a Maurya prince and spent
Ishtalinga which they wear on their body. The
his last years at Shravanabelagola. Banavasi
practice of ‘dasoha’ led to the starting of free hostels
Kadambas built Jainabasati at Halsi, the ancient
PEOPLE
by the Veerashaiva Mathas and in the long run
Palashika in Belagavi dt. The Gangas highly
to educational institutions. The Veerashaivas are
patronised Jainism and famous Gommata
UHQGHULQJ\HRPDQVHUYLFHLQWKHÀHOGRIHGXFDWLRQ
monolith at Shravanabelagola was erected (Circa
in the state.
982)by Chavundaraya noted scholar and Ganga
general. But even before that, about a 10 ft. tall Natha Pantha, believed to be a blend of Mahayana
Gommata sculpture was erected at Aretippur Buddhism and Shaivism, was also popular in
in Maddur taluk as early as 918 A.D. Besides Karnataka. Natha Pantha Mathas are found in
Bastis were built at Shravanabelagola, Manne and many parts beginning from Handi Badaganath in
Kambadahalli during the Ganga rule. There were Belagavi District to Kadri and Vittala in Dakshina
Jaina scholars like Pujyapada (Devanandi) and Kannada, Adichunchanagiri in Nagamangala
Kundakunda in the Ganga court and Kannada taluk of Mandya district was once a centre of this
authors Nemichandra and Chavundaraya were FXOW'DWWDWUH\DZRUVKLS LQÁXHQFHGE\WKH1DWKD
also Jains. Pantha) is a popular cult in Karnataka. Narasimha
Saraswathi (1378-1455) believed to be an ‘avatara’
The Kadambas, the Rashtrakutas and Chalukyas
of Dattatreya had visit Bidar and is described
of Kalyana were the great patrons of Jainism.
to have cured Bahamani Sultan, Allaudin of
Great Mathematician Mahavira, the earliest
some serious sickness. Devara Ganagapur in
Kannada poets like Sri Vijaya, Pampa, Ponna and
Kalaburagi district, Kurugadda in Raichur District
5DQQD RI -DLQD DIÀOLDWLRQ *RPPDWD PRQROLWKV
and Baba Budangiri in Chikkamagaluru district
were erected at Gommatagiri in Hunsur Taluk
are few notable centres of Dattatreya worship in
(Mysuru district), at Karkala in Udupi dt. (1432),
Karnataka.
at Venuru (1603) and recently at Dharmasthala
(1982) in Dakshina Kannada District. The Jains in Another form of Shaivism that was and is popular
Karnataka are mostly followers of the Digambara in Karnataka is the worship of Mailara and his
sect and Swetamabaras came in recent years consort Malachi (Malavva). Centres of this worship
from Gujarat and Rajasthan mainly for trade and are found at Adi and Mangsuli in Bidar district,
are found mostly in commercial and urban towns. Mailara in Ballari district, Guddadaguddapur in
Haveri district and Bellur in Mandya District are
Veerashaivism: Veerashaivism is a full blown
the other important centres of this seet. Promoters
offshoot of earlier Shaivism. Five Acharyas had
of this cult, wearing red robes and a cap made
earlier taught this cult. It was popularised
of bear skin are found even today and are called
by Basava (circa 1131-1167), the treasurer of
Goravas or Vaggayyas.
Kalachuri Bijjala of Kalyana. Basava and his
231
contemporaries preached their religion in Kannada. Vaishnavism: It is another old religion in
Karnataka. Some of the early Ganga rulers were number of Sikhs took service under Hyder and
also Vaishnavas. Ramanuja (1017-1137) who Tipu and many have come and settled down in
was born at Sri Perumbudur in Tamil Nadu, the cities of Karnataka in recent decades. There
KARNATAKA
came to Karnataka during the beginning of the are Gurudwaras at Bengaluru, Kalaburagi and
HAND BOOK OF
twelth century. His parents were Bhumi Piratti Hubballi.
(Kantimati) and Keshava Perumala. Ramanuja
Folk Religion
WDXJKW TXDOLÀHG PRQLVP RU 9LVKLVKWDGZDLWKD
Although Folk Religion is a part of Hinduism
Vishnu is the Supreme Deity, accompanied by
still, it deserves an independent study due to its
his consort Lakshmi and she represents divine
special features. The unique philosophical aspects
grace. Lakshmi is the mediator between God
of folk religion may thus be summed up as follows.
and men. That is why this religion is called Sri
If a disciplined and classical religion, is generally
Vaishnavism. Ramanuja tried to preach to all in
profounded by an individual, folk religion is
the society and even admitted the ‘untouchables’
formed and developed out of the logistic thinking
LQWRWKHWHPSOHVRQVSHFLÀHGGD\VLQD\HDU0DQ\
of a group of people since early times. While the
ÀQH 9DLVKQDYD WHPSOHV LQFOXGLQJ WKH RQH DW
principle of the former are textual, later’s are
Belur in the Hoysalas style were constructed
of oral tradition, practiced and followed by the
during this time. Melukote has the famous
people under the guidance of the elders of clan
Cheluvarayaswamy temple and Mysore City has
over several generations. If more features of the
the famous Parakalamatha of this cult. After
former religion is one and the same irrespective
Ramanuja, came Acharya Madhwa (1238-1317)
of time, space and related communities, in case
who was born at Pajaka near Udupi. He preached
of folk religion they differ according to the time,
the philosophy of Dualism or Dwaita and worship
space and communities respectively. If the former
of Vishnu, who is the Supreme Devotee according
ones are monotheistic in outlook, folk religion
to him. The teachings of both Ramanuja and
has accepted polytheism. Generally, if things like
Madhwa, who propounded Bhakti (devotion) gave
rock, trees, water, land, wind, sky, animals, birds,
an impetus to the Bhakti Movement of North
etc., found in the environment formed the basis
India. He started eight Mathas to conduct the
for folk religion, as they strongly believe that they
worship of the Lord Krishna in turns. Uttaradi
have super human power in them, whether these
Matha at Hosapete and Raghavendra Brindavana
SRZHUZKLFKLVJRRGRUHYLOLISDFLÀHGE\ZRUVKLS
at Mantralaya in Andhra are other noted centres
DQGRIIHULQJVDFULÀFHVZLOOFHUWDLQO\EULQJJRRGWR
of this sect.
there. It is because of this only nature worship
Sikhism: The term ‘Sikh’ denotes ‘disciple’. This has evolved among them. The Worshipping of
religion founded by Guru Nanaka had witnessed family deity, tutelar deity, village deity, Masti,
10 preachers upto Guru Govind Singh. As they Bhutaradhane, etc., magic, witchcraft, tantric and
pronounced that, the Guruparamara (tradition) such other beliefs and practices are the salient
ends with them, hence forth, they should consider features instrumental in framing the folk religion.
their ‘Adigrantha’ as Guru, the sacred work Apart from these, principles and traditions of the
“Grantha Saheb” is kept and worshipped in their classical religion have also blended amicably in
Gurudwaras. This sacred work has the preachings the life of common folks.
RI*XUX1DQDNLQWKHÀUVWSDUW SUHDFKLQJVRIWKH
remaining nine Gurus in the second part, followed
by messages and Kirtanas of the sages also.
‘Khalsa’ is the new sect initiated by Guru Govinda
Singh, to mean ‘sacred’. Accordingly those who
WRRN WKH RDWK DV NKDOVD VKRXOG ZHDU WKH ÀYH
‘Ka’s’ viz., Kesh-Kacha-Kar-Kanga and Kirpan,
DQG VXIÀ[ WKHLU QDPHV DV VLQJKV 6LNKLVP DOVR
has left its Imprint on Karnataka. Guru Nanak is
believed to have visited Bidar and there is Guru
Nanak Jhira Sahib in his memory. One of the
close disciples (Panch Piyares) of Guru Govind,
Bhal Sahib Chand (later known as Sahib Singh), a
EDUEHUZDVIURP%LGDUDQGKHZDVDPRQJWKHÀYH
232
who were initiated to the Khalsa. Considerable Groundnut Fair, Bengaluru
Shakti Worship: The worship of Shakti or the agarbatti [joss stick) industry into Karnataka.
Mother Deity is found in various forms in different Tipu introduced sericulture.
parts of the state. Most of the villages have village
6XÀ &XOW A person, who belongs to people, a
deities who are believed to protect the villages. The
Muslim Saint etc., are some of the meanings
epidemics like cholera, small pox, plague etc. are
JLYHQ WR WKH ZRUG ¶6XÀ· 7KH 6XÀV SUHDFKHV WR
believed to be caused by the anger of the Mother
the devotees in matters of praising the God,
Deities. These deities are also called Gramadevatas
developing intimacy between God and the
under different names like Maramma, Malagamma,
devotee, and ultimately becoming one with the
Yellamma, Renukamma, Durgamma, Dyamawwa $OPLJKW\ 6XÀ VHFW ZDV LQWURGXFHG LQ ,QGLD E\
and Kalikadevi in different parts of the state. A Khwaza Moynuddin Chishti of Azmeer. It is said
village deity is often represented by an image, WKDW WKH 6XÀV ZRUNHG WR GHYHORS KDUPRQLRXV
a shapeless stone or some other symbol and in relationship between Hindus and Muslims by
many places, She has shrines built in her honour. way of comparing Vedas and Upanishads with
There can be wooden images also, some of them the teachings of Quran. ‘Analhugh’ is the main
JDLO\ SDLQWHG %ORRG VDFULÀFH ZDV DOVR RIIHUHG WR 3KLORVRSK\RI6XÀVP´6RXOLVWUXWKDQGLVDSDUW
these deities. Yellamma at Saudatti, Kolaramma of Almighty” is the meaning of “Analhugh’.
at Kolar, Banashankaramma at Banashankari,
Marikamba at Sirsi, Mayavva at Chincholi Christianity: With the advent of the Portugese,
(Belagavi district)and Chandralamba at Sannati Catholic Christians entered Karnataka. Portugese
are some notable centres of such worship. The founded factories at Mangaluru, Kundapura and
Jatra of Madduramma at Huskur (where the Honavar where they also tried to secure converts
PEOPLE
priests are from the Scheduled Castes) near to their religion in the days of Vijayanagara.
Inquisition, epidemic and famines forced many
Bengaluru is attended by scores of thousands.
Catholic Christians to leave Goa and enter
Islam: Islam entered Karnataka soon after its Karnataka. Keladi rulers encouraged their
propagation in Arabia as Arabs were trading at migration as the Christians had acquired new
the ports of Karnataka. Some of the Arabs had techniques in agriculture and animal husbandry.
settled on the West Coast and inscriptions speak Keladi Chennamma granted a site to them to
RIWKHPDV7DMMLNDV$VWHVWLÀHGE\6DQMDQSODWHV builda church at Mangaluru. During the beginning
the Rashtrakutas had a Tajjika Governor and of the 19th century, Protestant missionaries like
Arab travellers also speak of Muslim settlement the Basel Mission, the London Mission and the
in the major commercial centres of Rashtrakuta Wesleyan Mission entered Karnataka. The London
empire. Their guild called Hanjamana (Anjuman) 0LVVLRQZDVÀUVWIRXQGHGDW%DOODULLQDQG
is mentioned in the records of the Kadambas from there they came to Bengaluru in 1820.
of Goa, Alupas of Dakshina Kannada and of The wesleyans started their activities in princely
Vijayanagara. The Navayats and the Mapilles Mysuru from 1821 and the Basel Mission started
(Moplas) are the Muslims from Karnataka Coast, its activity in Mangaluru in 1834 and later spread
ZKRIROORZWKH6KDÀVHFWOLNHWKH$UDEV to other places like Dharwad, Hubballi, Haveri
DQG *DGDJ 7KH %DVHO 0LVVLRQ VWDUWHG WKH ÀUVW
The Afghan, Turks, Persians etc., are called Kannada newspaper, ‘Mangaluru Samachara’
Dakhni Muslims, who speak Urdu and belong in1843 and printed Kannada classics which were
WR +DQDÀ VHFW ,VODP LQWURGXFHG WKH 3HUVLDQ found written on palm leaves. Both Catholics
and the Arabic languages into Karnataka and and Protestants popularised English education
Dakhni Urdu also developed in the South. Fine in Karnataka by opening schools at Mangaluru,
Indo-Sarsenic monuments at Kalaburagi, Bidar, Madikeri, Bengaluru, Ballari, Dharwad and
Vijayapura, Shahpur, Sagara, Gogi, Ashttur, Sira %HODJDYL7KH\DOVRWRRNXSVHUYLFHLQWKHÀHOGRI
and Srirangapatna have the pride of place in healing and ran many hospitals.
WKH KLVWRU\ RI ,VODPLF DUW RI .DUQDWDND 7KH 6XÀ
Parsi Religion: It is a sect that follows the
sect is also popular in Karnataka and the tomb
rites and rituals of Zoro as trianism. They
of Bande Nawaz Gesu Daravazat Kalaburagi is
immigrated to India as a result of aggressive
KLJKO\ YHQHUDWHG E\ DOO 7KH 6XÀ VDLQWV UHFHLYHG
Islamic approach from Persia. Gradually they
royal patronage from Bahmani rulers and they
have reached Bengaluru also via Gujarat. They
were active at Kalaburagi, Bidar and Vijayapura.
DUH ÀUH ZRUVKLSSHUV DQG EHOLHYH ¶ÀUH· DV WKH
The Muslims introduced coffee, paper and 233
representation of God’s light or wisdom. They
never bury or cremate the dead; instead they Arya Samaj started functioning in Mysuru
keep them a top a high tower. They have their State by early 1880s and a branch was opened
worshiping place at Shivaji Nagar and the Tower of at Mangaluru in 1919 and at Bengaluru in 1922.
KARNATAKA
Peace (Shanti Gopura) reserved for disposal of the The modern religious movements have not only
HAND BOOK OF
dead is located on the Hebbal Road in Bengaluru. played an important role in social reforms such as
work against untouchability and emancipation of
Bhakti Movement: The term ‘Bhakti’ is women but also in promotion of moral education.
derivative from the Sanskrit word, ‘Bhaj’, means Men like Sir Sheshadri Iyer, the Dewan of Mysuru
to do service, to get in etc., one who executes his ZHUHLQÁXHQFHGE\WKHVHPRYHPHQWVDQGHQDFWHG
daily duties as a part of service of Almighty will laws aimed at social reform.
be considerable as ‘Bhakta’ - a devotee. Bhagavad
Githa, Bhagavatha, Bhaktisutras, the teachings Festivals and Fairs
The Hindus have several religious holy days,
of religious preachers, the compositions of saints
occasions of festivals and fasts throughout the
and Dasas, folk invocation songs are some of
year. Some of the important festivals for Hindus
the forms which are inspired and developed by
DUH 1HZ <HDU 'D\ RU 8JDGL WKH ÀUVW GD\ RI
the ‘Bhakti’ movement. In other words Bhakti
Chaitra month); Ramanavami (the birthday of
movement was also one of the main causes for
Lord Rama, the ninth day of Chaitra); Basava
the origin of some of the folk performing arts like Jayanthi the birth day of Basaweshwara
patakunita, kamsale etc. There are numerous (Akshayatritiya); Shankara Jayanthi the birthday
of poets and artists who served for the Bhakti of Acharya Shankara (Vaishaka Shuddha
movement with their writings and performances. Panchami); Kara Hunnime (fullmoon day of
Dasa Pantha is a bye-product of Bhakti cult. Jyestha, a festival for peasants); Ashadha
Modern Religious Movements Ekadashi (the eleventh day of the bright half
of Ashadha); Bheemana Amavasya (New Moon
The modern religious movements like Brahma
day of Ashadha); Nagapanchami the festival
Samaj, Arya Samaj, Theosophical Society,
RI 6HUSHQW *RG RQ WKH ÀIWK GD\ RI 6KUDYDQD
Ramakrishna Mission, Chinmaya Mission
Gokulashtami, the birth day of Lord Krishna (the
and Prajapitha Brahma Kumari Ishwariya
eighth day of the dark fortnight of Shravana);
9LVKZDYLG\DOD\D KDYH LQÁXHQFHG WKH OLIH RI
Ganesh Chaturthi (fourth day of the bright half
Karnataka by starting their activities in the State.
of Bhadrapada when God Ganesh is worshiped);
The Theosophical Society started functioning in 1DYDUDWKUL RU 'DVDUD ÀUVW WHQ GD\V RI $VKZHHMD
WKH6WDWHLQZLWKLWVÀUVWXQLWDW%HQJDOXUX Masa); Deepavali (thirteenth day of dark half of
City followed by Bengaluru Cantonment unit Ashvija) and the festival of light and day to
in the same year and subsequently started its ZRUVKLS*RGGHVVRI:HDOWK/DNVKPL ODVWVIRUÀYH
branches in various places like Mangaluru (1901) days); Bhogi and Makara Sankranthi (on the 13th
and Dharwad (1902). The Ramakrishna Mission and 14th January, respectively); Mahashivarathri
ZDV ÀUVW VWDUWHG DW %HQJDOXUX LQ IROORZHG 13th or the 14th day of the dark fortnight of Magha,
by one at Mysuru in 1927. Swami Vivekananda a festival in honour of God Shiva; and Holi or
had visited Belagavi and Mysuru in 1892 and the Kamana Habba, marking the death of Kama (God
then Mysore ruler Chamaraj Wodeyar extended of Love) on the full moon day of Phalguna, marked
ÀQDQFLDO KHOS WR 6ZDPL 9LYHNDQDQGD IRU KLV inplaces with much noise and gay abandon. In
journey to Chicago. A trusted follower of Swami many places, Navarathri is also celebrated as
Vivekananda, Alasinga Perumal (1865-1909) Nada Habba (State festival) and in Mysuru, on
was from Chikkamagaluru and he founded Vijayadashami day (the victorious tenth day),
the journal ‘Brahmavadin’ from Madras at the the statue of Goddess Chamundeshvari is taken
Swami’s instance. in a colourful procession to Bannimantapa with
all pomp and pageantry, consisting of tableaux
%UDKPD 6DPDM RSHQHG LWV ÀUVW EUDQFK LQ of historical episodes, infantry, mounted horses,
Karnataka at Bengaluru in 1866 followed by Bharat Scouts and Girl Guides, NCC., Bharat
branches at Mangaluru and Mysuru. Kudmul Seva Dal etc. Rama Navami and Ganesh Chaturthi
Ranga Rao, who started Depressed Classes are marked by public celebrations accompanied
0LVVLRQDW0DQJDOXUXLQ ZDVLQÁXHQFHGE\ by speeches, dance and music recitals. Kodavas
Brahma Samaj. Sir Narayan Chandavarkar of the have three important festivals like Koil Muhurta,
234 Prarthana Samaj hailed from Honnavar in Uttara Cauvery Sankramana and Huthri (harvest
Kannada. festival).
7KH FKLHI 0XVOLP IHVWLYDOV DUH ,GXOÀWDU RU of Mahavira and they worship Lakshmi and
breaking the fast, which marks the conclusion of Jnana Lakshmi) and Shivaratri (celebrated as
Ramazan; Idul-ul-Zuha or Bakrid which is held Jinaratri as Adinatha is believed to have attained
on the ninth day of the month called Zil-hajah salvation on the dark 14th of Magha). The Sikhs
and the Shab-e-Barat which is celebrated during observe Guru Nanak’s birthday of Karteeka
WKH HYHQLQJ RI WKH ÀIWHHQWK GD\ RI WKH PRQWK RI Pournima and Gurudwara inauguration day at
Shaban. Moharram is celebrated publicly in many Nanak Jhira, Bidar with enthusiasm and pomp
places by honouring symbols called tabuts. The with ‘akhandpathan’ of Guru Granth Sahib.
Christians observe the New Year day, Good Friday, Kirtan and Satsang attract, a large number of
Ascension day. Feast of St.Joseph, Easter Sunday Sikhs from many places.
(the Day of Resurrection), birth day of Mary, Jatras
Christmas (the birth day of Christ), Thanks Giving Every year, the Jatras (fairs) are held in honour
Day, Harvest festival and church anniversary. of village dieties (Gramadevathas) generally after
the harvest takes place. In Hindu temples, Muslim
The Jains celebrate most of the Hindu
dargahs, Jain bastis and in other holy places of
festivals in their own way and according to
worship people celebrate annual festivals. Men,
their own tradition and they give importance women, people of rural and urban areas take
for fasting, praying and hearing the recitation part in these jatras with full enthusiasm without
of the religious texts. Some of the important discrimination of caste, creed and religion.
festivals observed by them are Chaitra Pratipad Itinerary merchants open their stalls to sell toys,
(Ugadi) to commemorate the victorious Digvijaya sweets, sarees, vessels, bangles and other items
of Bharata, son of Teerthankara Adinatha during these jatras. Cattle fairs are also held
PEOPLE
(Vrishabhadeva); Mahavira Jayanthi (Chaitra in many places during the jatras and these are
Shukla Trayodashi); Dasara (Vijayadashami) is the centres of large trade and commerce. Jatras
believed to be the date when Adinatha attained promote social and religious harmony among
Kevala Jnana or enlightment and the date when various sections of the society. The following
his son Bharata secured his disc or Chakraratna); table gives the important Fairs regularly held in
Deepavali (celebrated as the date of Mahanirvana Karnataka.
Mayauva Fair Champ, Chinchali, Belagavi Dist. Lakashadeepothsava, Dharmasthala
Important Fairs and Festivals of the State
District Wise List of Important Jatras and Uruses in Karnataka
Deity/Saint in whose honour the No.of. Approximate
Place Month
jatra is Held days attendance
Bagalkot Dt. Sivayogamandir, Badami taluk Jan/Feb Hanagal Kumara Swamy 4 50,000
Bengaluru Dt. Bengaluru city Nagartharapete Apr. Dharmaraya (Karaga) 1 5 lakhs
Basavanagudi Nov. Basavanna (Groundnut fair) 1 50,000
235
Hanumantha nagar Aug. Kumaraswamy 3 3 lakhs
Bengaluru Rural Dt. Huskur, Anekal taluk Feb/Mar. Madduramma 1 40,000
Melinajuganahalli, Doddaballapur taluk Dec. Ghati Subrahmanya 1 1 lakhs
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
Shivagannge Nelamangala taluk Jan (Sankranti) Gangadhareshwara 7 50,000
Ramanagar Dt. Magadi April Ranganatha 1 50,000
Belagavi Dt. Panth Balekundri, Belagavi taluk Apr/May Datta Maharaj 3 25,000
Oct/Nov/Dec More than
Saundatti Yellammadevi
(Bi-annual) 1 lakh
Handi Badaganatha Kaanapur taluk Feb.(shivaratri) Kalabhairava 2 50,000
Chinchili, Raibag taluk Feb Mayavva 1 1 lakh
Ballari Dt. Mailara, Hadagali taluk Apr. Mailaralinga 4 2 lakhs
Hampi, Hosapete taluk Nov. Virupaksha 4 2 lakhs
Ballari Feb. Malleshwara 7 80,000
Kurugodu, Ballari taluk Apr. Basaveshwara 2 50,000
Sandur Nov. Kumaraswamy 4 20,000
Yashvantanagar, Sandur taluk Apr. Siddarameshwara 2 50,000
Kottur, Kudligi taluk Jan/Feb. Basaveshwara 4 50,000
Hazrat Syed Tajuddin
Bidar Dt. Basavakalyana (Shawwal) 5 25,000
Bagsawar Urus
Basavakalyana Apr/May Basaveshwara 3 50,000
Humnabad Dec. Veerabhadra 7 30,000
Vijayapura Dt. Vijayapura Jan/Feb Siddeshwara 8 50,000
Banashankari, Badami taluk Jan Banashankari, 8 1,00000
Chamarajanagar Dt.
Oct/Nov Malai Mahadeshwara 7 1 lakhs
Mahadeshwara Hills, Kollegal taluk
Chamarajanagar Town Ashada Chamarajeshwara 3 One lakh
Chikkamagaluru Dt.
Mar Dattatreya - Bababudan 3 25,000
Inam Dattatreya Peetha, Chikamagalur taluk
Antarghatta, Tarikere taluk Feb Antarghattamma 10 1 lakh
Siddapura, Kadur taluk Jan Siddarameshwara Jayanti 3 1 lakh
Chitradurga Dt.
Mar. Thippe Rudra 15 45,000
Nayakanahatti, Challakere taluk
Dakshina Kannada Dharmasthala Nov. Manjunatheshwara 3 1,00,000
Davanagere Dt. Yalebethur Mar. (once in years) Duggamma 1 80,000
Davanagere taluk Jan.(once in 3 years) Marikamba 1 80,000
Dharwad Dt. Yamanur, Navalgund taluk Mar/Apr. Raja Bagh Savar Urus 1 20,000
Dharwad Aug Ulvi Basavanna 1 30,000
Dharwad Feb Murugendra 1 30,000
Hubballi Feb. Siddharudha 7 1 lakh
Gadag Dt. Gadag Apr. Thotada 1 20,000
More than
Mukti Manira, Shirahatti taluk Feb. Dharama Rathotsava 7
1 lakh
More than
Itagi, Ron taluk Itagi Bheemavva.
50,000
Kalaburagi Dt. Kalaburagi Mar. Sharana Basappa 15 1 lakh
Kalaburagi Zekhaida Khaja Bande Nawaz 3 1 lakh
Yadagir Dt. Diggi, Shahapur taluk Aug Sangamanath 3 50,000
Ganagapur (Devara) Afzalpur taluk Feb. Dattatreya 5 50,000
Mahamastakabhisheka of Go-
236 Hassan Dt. Shravanabelagola (Once in 12 years)
mateshwara
13 2-3 lakhs
PEOPLE
Mahamasthakabhisheka, Sravanabelagola, Hassan Dist.
Annual Festival, St. Marys Basilica, Bengaluru
237
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
Karaga, Mysuru
Dasara, Madikeri
238
EVER MARRIED AND CURRENTLY MARRIED POPULATION BY AGE AT MARRIAGE, DURATION OF MARRIAGE AND
EDUCATIONAL LEVEL IN KARNATAKA
Age at Number Duration of Marriage of Currently Married Persons
of ever All 0-4 5-9
Educa-
tional Marriage Married Persons Durations
level
Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Total All ages 15420999 18628829 14887994 15420041 1943575 2116332 2022118 2161000
Less
Total 250377 575640 243605 475308 96 970 396 3060
than 10
Total 10-11 13944 113239 12938 82652 121 1666 384 3723
PEOPLE
Total 12-13 16770 366795 14460 252569 293 4717 726 15900
Total 14-15 49269 1287943 41209 952461 1370 34361 2659 77184
Total 16-17 101488 2238093 89862 1808524 7868 217596 10547 248376
Total 18-19 538459 5434190 497220 4641318 52166 709292 64267 731841
Total 20-21 2305636 4032926 2182457 3290889 205424 435058 280289 517566
Total 22-23 2298609 1493632 2233560 1334323 308934 296188 330180 244921
Total 24-25 3253876 1089661 3143214 937605 360898 205183 396021 161924
Total 26-27 1667838 419433 1638615 385153 317745 109254 267052 73086
Total 28-29 1576622 254870 1549156 226354 288651 57302 264632 43909
Total 30-31 1336675 144775 1305514 117508 185824 22373 217667 23314
Total 32-33 488939 43373 482413 38723 103100 10705 90746 7798
Total 34+ 571609 60758 560621 46439 111085 11667 96552 8398
Age Not
Total 950888 1073501 893150 830215 0 0 0 0
stated
239
HAND BOOK OF
240
KARNATAKA
EVER MARRIED AND CURRENTLY MARRIED POPULATION BY AGE AT MARRIAGE, DURATION OF MARRIAGE AND EDUCATIONAL LEVEL IN
KARNATAKA
Number of ever Married Persons Duration of Marriage of Currently Married Persons
10-19 20-29 30-39 40+ Duration
Educa-
tional Age at
not known
level
Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females
1 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Total All ages 3719877 3960712 3054075 3124584 1799179 1800431 1452553 1422692 896617 834290
Total Less than 10 11000 115353 77883 138781 62853 100834 91287 116182 90 128
Total 10-11 2450 18110 4296 18759 2363 14516 3305 25847 19 31
Total 12-13 3126 63683 4401 64071 2412 44499 3495 59620 7 79
Total 14-15 9212 244619 10223 238547 6497 163974 11236 193557 12 219
Total 16-17 25421 519982 19187 396187 10883 225396 15921 200567 35 420
Total 18-19 134440 1308202 106980 979727 60160 524513 79072 386484 135 1259
Total 20-21 571862 868968 509571 731607 279987 426375 334753 310387 571 928
Total 22-23 630696 357951 499454 246662 254196 127554 209604 60656 496 391
Total 24-25 833443 247190 734142 173393 451415 102584 366508 47003 787 328
Total 26-27 448118 99903 319201 61703 184263 31092 101840 9970 396 145
Total 28-29 416116 60326 296088 37779 187247 20509 96038 6460 384 69
Total 30-31 346017 31915 267138 22252 189504 13157 99032 4459 332 38
Total 32-33 134482 10640 89266 6338 47041 2493 17686 736 92 13
Total 34+ 153494 13870 116245 8778 60358 2935 22776 764 111 27
Total Age Not stated 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 893150 830215
Chapter IV
AGRICULTURE AND ALLIED ACTIVITIES
A griculture is the mother of all culture and the
progenitor of human civilization. The recorded
history provides ample proof for rich heritage of
The Portuguese introduced maize, tobacco,
groundnut, potato, chillies and tomato from the
New World and Karnataka could get the knowledge
,QGLDQ DJULFXOWXUH 7KH DJULFXOWXUH WKDW ÁRXULVKHG of these new crops early due to its proximity to Goa,
during Aryan and the Indus valley civilization and further Goan Christian farmers migrated to
dating back to 3000 B.C., stands testimony to Karnataka in good number, especially to the coastal
Indian culture through agriculture. Agriculture and Malnad area. Buchanan held in 1800 that
provides the main economic support to the State. the rice grounds here were more “neatly cultivated”
The importance given to agriculture by Karnataka is than in Malabar.
indicated by the statement of famous Kannada poet
Sarvajnya who says that meti vidye (agricultural Agriculture during British Period: The British
science) is superior to koti vidye (millions of other LQWURGXFHGORQJÀEUHG$PHULFDQFRWWRQLQ,QGLDDQG
sciences). especially in Bombay Karnataka area. The Cotton
Boom of the American Civil War days (1860’s) gave
Ancient Agriculture: During the Vedic period
DQXQSUHFHGHQWHGÀOOLSWRFRWWRQFXOWLYDWLRQ&RIIHH
(4500-1000 B.C.,) the Arthashastra, which is a part
plantations were raised on a large scale by the
of Atharvanaveda, covers on agriculture, amidst
British during the 19th century.
other things, including cultivation of lands. The
Kautilya’s Arthashastra has also covered on law, The British Imperial Government recognised the
land legislation, etc., in agriculture. The Tamil poet vast potentiality of Indian Agriculture and took
Thiruvalluvar in 1033 A.D. has stated that “They various steps for improvement. In India, a separate
alone live, who live by tilling the soil and all others Agriculture Department was established in 1871,
but follow in their train and eat only the bread of bifurcating from the Revenue Department. Lord
dependence”. Thus agriculture has received greater Curzon, Viceroy of India, persuaded and caused
attention in India from ancient period. Some rulers of for the setting up of Imperial Agricultural Research
the past in India recognized the need for development
Institute, at Pusa, Bihar, in 1905. This was later
of agriculture. Here, mention may be made of the
shifted to New Delhi. After independence, it is
period when Chinese traveller Fahien visited India
renamed as Indian Agriculture Research Institute
during 390-411 A.D. at the time of Chandragupta II
(IARI). Here, teaching, research and extension
(Vikramaditya) and another Chinese traveller Huein
education in agriculture has been integrated
Tsang who visited India during 630-644 A.D., at
and has been tackling the problems of national
the time of Sriharsha’s regime. Both have given a
praising account on the glory of Indian agriculture. importance. The University Grants Commission
(UGC) has recognized it as deemed University. Five
In historical times, Karnataka was famous for its Agriculture Colleges and few research stations were
rice, ragi and jowar crops and rice was a major started in 1905 in India during the British period.
export from its coastal ports. Spices like pepper, The Imperial Council of Agricultural Research
cardamom, cinnamon, nutmeg, ginger etc., were was set up in 1929 as an autonomous apex body
also grown in plenty, some of them being wild crops.
responsible for organizing and management of
Literary and epigraphical sources speak of its rich
education, research and extension in all branches
ULFH ÀHOGV DQG SODQWDWLRQV RI FRFRQXW DUHFD DQG
of Agricultural Sciences. Further, as per the
plantains. Ibn Batuta, in 1347, says that the coastal
recommendations of the Royal Commission on
DUHDKDGYHU\ULFKULFHÀHOGVDQGLQWKHLUFHQWUHwere
KRXVHV VXUURXQGHG E\ D JDUGHQ RI ÁRZHU SODQWV Agriculture, it was reorganized. The Agricultural
and fruit trees. “These dominions are well cultivated expert and Chief of Rothamsted Agriculture
and very fertile” says Domingo Paes who visited Experiment Station, England Sir John Russel was
9LMD\DQDJDUD(PSLUHGXULQJWKHÀUVWSDUWRIWKHth invited during 1936-37 who provided the blueprint 241
century. for the overall Agriculture Development in India. Dry
farming research was initiated, besides several Mr.Von Somerin, as Conservator of Forests gave
commodity committees like cotton, sugarcane, WKH EHJLQQLQJ WR VFLHQWLÀF IRUHVWU\ LQ 0\VXUX,W
coffee, tea, rubber, spices etc., were established. is our bounded duty to remember with gratitude
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
This was mainly to exploit the potentiality of Rajarishi Sri Nalwadi Krishnaraja Wadeyar,
commercial crops. Nevertheless, needed stress the then Maharaja of Mysuru (1894-1940). He,
was not accorded for the food grain production. having realized potentials of Agriculture, took up
various developmental activities systematically
Though the rulers of Karnataka paid much
DQG SXW .DUQDWDND ÀUVW LQ ,QGLD LQ YDULRXV
attention to irrigation, especially tanks, irrigated
aspects of agriculture. In 1899 he appointed Dr.
DUHD GLG QRW H[FHHG ÀYH SHUFHQW EHIRUH WKH
Lehman (a German chemist) who set up a Soils
major irrigation works were taken up after
Laboratory and the multi-disciplinary agricultural
independence. After Independence, the Indian
laboratory in 1901. Dr.Lesile C.Coleman (a
Government embarked on various activities to
Canadian Scientist) was also appointed in 1905
strengthen agricultural education by setting
as Scientist to take up entomology and pathology
up agricultural colleges in every State, research
research. In 1907, Coleman took over the charge
stations to strengthen research on various
of Lehman. During 1912, a separate Department
crops and allied subjects and also to strengthen
of Agriculture was started bifurcating from the
agricultural extension and development.
Revenue and other Departments based on the
In 1949, the Education Commission under recommendations of Dr.Leslie Coleman who was
the Chairmanship of Dr. S.Radhakrishnan, DOVR DSSRLQWHG DV ÀUVW 'LUHFWRU RI $JULFXOWXUH
recommended the establishment of Rural in July 5, 1913. He takes the credit of starting
Universities to meet the Agriculture challenges the four years Diploma Course in agriculture at
in terms of education, research and extension. Hebbal, Bengaluru on 5th July 1913, being the
The Joint Indo – American Committee (1955-60) ÀUVWLQ$VLD/DWHULQ KHVWDUWHGDJULFXOWXUDO
recommended establishment of these institutions school at Chikkanahalli (Tumakuru) and later
on the pattern of “Land Grant Colleges” in USA. at Anekal (Bengaluru), Somanahalli (Mandya)
7KXV WKH ÀUVW $JULFXOWXUH 8QLYHUVLW\ ZDV VHW etc., He also started several research stations,
up at Pantnagar, U.P in July 1960, which was at Thirthahalli (Arecanut), Balehonnur (Coffee),
inaugurated by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, the then V.C.Farm, Mandya (Sugarcane, Paddy, Ragi)
Prime Minister of India. Later, Kothari Education and Babbur (Oil seeds), to cater to the needs
Commission (1964-66) emphasized to set up at of local agricultural problems. The research
least one Agricultural University in each State. station at Mandya was probably the ÀUVW FHQWUH
University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru in India, established for irrigated ecosystem in
was started in the year 1966, the University 1930. Dr. Coleman prepared a master plan to
of Agriculture Sciences, Dharwad in the year start agriculture degree college before he retired
1986 and the University of Agricultural Sciences in 1937. He visited Mysuru state again in 1950
at Raichur. Later University of Horticultural at the invitation of the then Mysuru Maharaja
Sciences and University of Agricultural and Sri Jayachamarajendra Wodeyar and prepared
Horticultural Sciences were started at Bagalkot comprehensive agriculture developmental plan
and Shivamogga respectively. for the State. In 1946, agricultural colleges
were started at Hebbal and Dharwad which
Agriculture in Karnataka: Sir Mark Cubbon
later graduated into University of Agricultural
(Commissioner, 1834-1861) having realized the
Sciences in 1966. As much as the farmers of
potentiality of agriculture in the then Princely
Karnataka, Department of Agriculture owe a
State of Mysuru, in his pioneer efforts in 1836 took
debt of gratitude to Dr. Coleman for his vision
VWHSVWRZDUGVVFLHQWLÀFDJULFXOWXUHDQGVHWXSWKH
and determination for the overall development of
agriculture society in Mysuru. In 1857. Visternew
agriculture education, research and development
was appointed as Superintendent, Bengaluru
of Karnataka.
Botanical Garden (Lalbagh). He took various
measures to improve horticultural activities. In Agricultural Development under Five Year
1862, Signorde Vichi introduced new mulberry Plans: When the State came into being in November
varieties, silkworm strains and added new 1956, the Second Five Year Plan was already
242
dimensions in sericulture in Mysuru. In 1869, under implementation. Therefore, the new State
had no opportunity to formulate a comprehensive State. Consequently, Karnataka’s agriculture is
agricultural development plan as part of the DW WKH VDPH WLPH GLYHUVLÀHG DQG VHJPHQWHG LQ
second Five Year Plan. All that the State could many ways. Karnataka is one of the few States
do was to put together the plan schemes that with the lowest proportion of their area under
came in piece-meal from the integrating areas irrigation. Majority of farmers here have no other
and implement them as successfully as possible. option but to grow low value crops. Under such
This was done with a fair degree of success. In the speckled situation, agricultural sector of the State
meantime, Third Five Year Plan was formulated is growing moderately despite severe climatic
which was implemented from 1961 to 1966. Due and strong resource constraints. However, it
care was bestowed on formulating comprehensive is a matter of deep concern that even though
schemes, keeping in view the needs of the new agriculture directly impacts the overall growth
State. For all practical purposes, it could be said and distribution performance in the State
that the Third Five Year Plan was in fact the First economy, it has not been attracting investments
Five Year Plan for the new State. in the recent past. It is rightly feared that the
sector may confront another strong lingering of
Agricultural development in the State could be stagnation. Realising this, the State Government
GLYLGHGEURDGO\LQWRIRXUSKDVHV7KHÀUVWSKDVH is seized of the problem and has decided to give a
from 1956 to 1966 when the developmental close policy look to deal with it.
DFWLYLWLHV ZHUH FRQÀQHG WR WUDGLWLRQDO PHDVXUHV
like expanding of cultivated area, increasing the Karnataka has always taken a lead ahead of
irrigational sources, popularizing the use of the other States in India; in many respects as far
chemical fertilizers and improved agricultural as Agricultural Policy initiatives are concerned.
practices like Japanese method of rice cultivation, The State did not lag any other State in preparing
use of improved seeds etc. with a view to increase a document assessing the situation emerging out
agricultural production as quickly as possible. of Agreement on Agriculture under the World
The second phase between 1966 to 1980 when Trade Organisation. The State also recognizes
the new technology, particularly the hybrids and the increasing distress in the farm sector at an
ALLIED ACTIVITIES
alarming rate and the stagnation of net income
WKH KLJK \LHOGLQJ YDULHWLHV PDGH D VLJQLÀFDQW
AGRICULTURE AND
ÁRZLQWKHIDUPVHFWRU
contribution to increased agriculture production,
particularly cereals with more emphasis on 7KHÀUVWLPSHUDWLYHRIWKH$JULFXOWXUH3ROLF\LVWR
intensive cultivation than on extensive cultivation provide opportunities for the farmers to enhance
as in the previous decade. And the third phase their net income to a respectable level. This can
from 1980 to 1995 when special attention was be achieved through various ways. Increasing
paid on the under privileged sections of the DJJUHJDWH SURGXFWLRQ LV WKH ÀUVW DQG IRUHPRVW
farming population like the small and marginal need. This surely is a necessary condition, but not
farmers, farmers belonging to scheduled castes enough condition, as markets and prices play very
DQGWULEHVDQGPRUHVSHFLÀFDOO\RQWKHGU\ODQG FUXFLDOUROHLQGHFLGLQJWKHQHWLQFRPHÁRZWRWKH
farmers. During the fourth phase period (from farm household. Therefore, this policy document
1995) the State Government brought out its own keeps at the forefront improving net farm income
Agricultural Policy during 1995 giving emphasis of the farmer as the prime goal, in order to achieve
from adaptation to the changed scenario owing this, the policy document touches the aspects of
to globalization and liberalization of International crop planning, production, technology, marketing
trade and to achieve integrated growth and to and prices as foremost components.
achieve high growth rate in agriculture and allied
,QRUGHUWRDFKLHYHFRQVLVWHQWLQFRPHÁRZWKDW
sectors.
UHFRUGV D JURZWK UDWH VLJQLÀFDQWO\ KLJKHU WKDQ
Agricultural Policy of Karnataka: A the growth rate in the Consumer Price Index for
large portion of the land falls under semi-arid Agricultural Labourers and for rural areas, it
conditions facing severe agro-climatic and will be essential to place the target of agricultural
resource constraints. Interestingly, coexisting growth rate at 4.5 per cent per annum. The 4.5
with this are a few patches of high value-high- per cent growth rate in gross value of agricultural
tech agriculture. This emerged only during last production will set the net income increase by
243
two decades and has a sporadic presence in the about three per cent per annum for the farm
KRXVHKROGWKLVVKRXOGEHVXIÀFLHQWWRWDNHFDUH farm equipment along with effective transfer of
of increasing prices of inputs, as well as the technology through demonstrations to achieve
changes in the terms of trade between agriculture maximum out put from the available natural
KARNATAKA
resources viz. soil, water etc. This in turn leads
HAND BOOK OF
and non-agricultural sectors.
to improvement in the economic status of the
The philosophy of the present Agricultural IDUPLQJFRPPXQLW\DQGIXOÀOIRRGJUDLQQHHGVRI
Policy lies in the concept of ‘Pancha Sutra’ that the people. Though the contribution of agricultural
was announced by the State in its budget 2006- sector in the Gross State Domestic Product is
07 for accelerated growth in agriculture. The declining, agriculture continues to be the largest
ÀYH FRPSRQHQWV RI 6XWUD DUH L WR SURWHFW DQG employment generating activity. The vision of
improve soil health, (ii) Conservation of natural the department is to accomplish productivity
resources, with special emphasis on water and enhancement, cost reduction for sustainable
micro irrigation, (iii) Timely availability of credit agriculture, to ensure increased income, farmers
and other inputs to the farmers, (iv) Integrate welfare and foods ecurity in Karnataka.
post-harvest processing with the production
process, and (v) Reducing the distance between Mission of the Department: 1) To
‘Lab to Land’ in transfer of technology.This is a accomplish 4. 5 per cent sustained growth rate in
‘Farmer Centric’ policy; therefore, the process agriculture sector, 2) To promote climate resilient
of development begins at the farm. It further DJULFXOWXUH ZLWK DGHTXDWH GURXJKW SURRÀQJ DQG
covers the role of the State in terms of budgetary natural resources conservation, 3) To promote
support and macro-economic adjustments, farmer friendly Research and Development,
production and technology, sector, environmental education and effective technology transfer for
friendliness of the farmer, land issues, agro- cost reduction, 4) To institutionalize aggregation
processing, associated trade and value addition of farmers like Farmer Producer Organizations
to the farm products, removal of distortions in (FPOs), farmer’s organizations, federations to roll
GRPHVWLFPDUNHWDQGÀQDOO\VWUHQJWKHQLQJRIWKH out Public Private Partnership for Integrated
allied agricultural sector and linkages. Agriculture Development (PPP-IAD), 5) To
encourage Rural youth to engage in agri-business
First, this policy envisaged achieving a growth enterprise with appropriate policy support,
rate of 4.5 per cent per annum during the next 6) To accelerate farm mechanization and post-
decade. It is expected that this growth rate will harvest technology development with appropriate
help to increase the net income of the farmer. It value chain linkages. 7) Convergence of policies,
will also help to bridge the income differentials programmes and technologies for planned
between the agricultural sector and the non agriculture development, 8) To strengthen
agricultural sectors. Second, the policy focuses on effective and timely delivery mechanism of all
the bypassed regions, as well as bypassed groups inputs and related developmental programmes.
of farmers in the process of development adopted.
Third, hither to the technological change has The Department of Agriculture being one of
been ‘supply driven’ rather than ‘demand driven’. the prominent developmental departments is
The distance between the ‘Lab to land’ has always continuously engaged in the service of the
created a lag in reaching the technology at the farming community. The improved technical
doorsteps of farmers. Fourth, natural resources know-how and research results emanating from
are under stress, whether it is soil, water or the various sources are being implemented in about
other biological resources. It is very essential to 121.62 lakh hectares of rainfed and irrigated
conserve the resources and at the same time, land and thus enabling 78.32 lakh farming
provide better production environment. Lastly, families to obtain higher yields by adoption
access to factor market and quality of the inputs of improved technologies. For the year 2018-
supplied to the farmers. 19, an amount of Rs.4,737 crores has been
earmarked for agriculture department. I n view
The Karnataka State Department of Agriculture o f comprehensive development of agriculture,
implements various schemes and programmes WKUXVW KDV EHHQ JLYHQ RQ GHSDUWPHQW ÁDJVKLS
of the Central and State Government for programmes viz., “Soil Health Mission”, “Krishi
overall welfare of the farming community and Bhagya”, “Farm Mechanization”, “Custom Hiring
ensures timely supply of essential inputs i.e. Centers”, “Micro-irrigation”. Also, emphasis
244
seeds, fertilizers, plant protection chemicals, is given on millet processing aspects. During
the current year, Zero Budget Natural Farming Agricultural Censuses
=%1) LVEHLQJSURSRVHGIRUWKHÀUVWWLPHLQWKH Agricultural census is conducted in all the
State, through which higher crop yields can be States and Union Territories in the Country, at
achieved by reducing external inputs and water. the instance of Ministry of Agriculture and Co-
7KH DLP LV WR EULQJ DURXQG ÀYH SHU FHQW RI WKH operation, Government of India, which provides
WRWDOFXOWLYDEOHDUHDXQGHU=%1)LQDSHULRGRIÀYH cent SHU FHQW ÀQDQFLDO DVVLVWDQFH IRU HYHU\
years. Another endeavor is introduction of Israel Agricultural Census. It is a quinquennial census
model of irrigation system for dryland farmers and FRQGXFWHG RQFH LQ ÀYH \HDUV VLQFH LWV LQFHSWLRQ
use of drones in agriculture. in 1970-71. So far, Nine Agricultural Censuses
have been conducted, the latest being the 2010-
Objectives of the Department: Dissemination 11 census. The importance of Agricultural Census
of technology/information to farmers; Ensure is to know the structure and characteristics of
supply of agricultural inputs and their quality agricultural holdings operated by cultivators.
control for enhanced production and productivity; Besides, data on land use, sources of irrigation,
Maintenance of soil health; To focus on rainfed cropping pattern and dispersal of operated
farmers and encourage rain water conservation area are also collected on sampling basis. As a
and reuse; Plant Protection and Quarantine; To follow up of Agricultural Census, Input Survey is
provide implement/ machinery to the farmers of conducted, with the main objective of collecting
rural areas intime at subsidised cost; To develop the data, that relate to number of parcels, multiple
e-portal to receive applications through online cropping, land use pattern, use of chemical
under Farm Mechanisation and Micro Irrigation fertilizers, organic and inorganic manure,
scheme. agricultural implements and agricultural credit
availed by cultivators. The number and size of
Functions: Endeavouring for adequate and operational holdings were collected for both male
timely supply of inputs such as seeds, fertilizers, and female operational holders separately. Before
pesticides, agricultural credit, implements and the commencement of the Agricultural Census,
extension services to farmers; To focus on rainfed the year 2005-06 was declared as ‘Land Records
ALLIED ACTIVITIES
farmers and encourage rain water conservation Year’ with a view to update all the records (RTC)
AGRICULTURE AND
and reuse, Krishi Bhagya scheme is being by the Revenue authorities, which are required
implemented and promoting micro irrigation for correct and authentic information on land
to conserve water and to increase area under KROGLQJVWREHUHÁHFWHGGXULQJWKHFRQGXFWRIWKH
protective irrigation; To provide implement/ census.
machinery to the farmers of rural areas Intime at 7KHPDLQÀQGLQJVRIWKH$JULFXOWXUHFHQVXV
subsidised cost; Encourage Organic Farming on DUHOLVWHGKHUH RQO\VWDWHÀQGLQJV
a large scale and developing marketing facilities
1. The total number of operational holdings
to organic produce; Enforcement of various acts
in the State is 78.32 lakhs as per 2010-11
to ensure supply of quality inputs; Administering
Agricultural Census, compared to 75.81
the National Agricultural Insurance Scheme
lakhs of previous census 2005-06, this has
(NAIS) to provide relief to farmers in the event of
registered an increase of 3.3 per cent .
crop failure; Assisting the Central Government in
laying down Minimum Support Prices (MSPs) for 2. Of the 78.32 lakhs holdings, the male dominated
selected key agricultural commodities to ensure holdings are 63.33 lakhs accounting for 80.86
remunerative prices to farmers; Promoting plant per cent of the total number of holdings, while,
the female accounted for 14.86 lakh holdings
protection measures and practices through
(18.97 per cent) and the remaining 0.13 lakh
the dissemination of appropriate technologies;
holdings are owned by institutions, which
Working towards promotion of production and
account for a mere 0.19 per cent.
distribution of quality seeds; Promoting Farm
Mechanisation to mitigate shortage of farm labour $PRQJWKHÀYHPDMRUVL]HFODVVHVRIKROGLQJV
and to reduce drudgery; Transfer of technology the marginal holdings (less than one hectare)
from lab to land through farm information account for a maximum share of 49.1 per
services, training staff and farmers, laying out cent of the total number of holdings, followed
demonstrations and arranging study tours to by small holdings (one to two hectares) 27.3
farmers. per cent, semi-medium holdings (two to four 245
hectares) 16.2 per cent, medium holdings by 7.7 per cent, as compared to 4.39 lakhs in
(four to ten hectares) 6.5 per cent and large 2005-06 census.
holdings (10 hectares and above) 0.9 per cent, 11. The area operated by scheduled caste
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
being the least. operational holders is found to be 10.74 lakh
4. The total area operated under all operational hectares in 2010-11 census when compared
holdings in the current census is found to be to 2005-06 ceQVXVÀJXUHRIODNKKHFWDUHV
121.62 lakh hectares, a marginal decrease there by registering an decrease of 2.4 per
by 1.8 per cent as compared to the previous cent. In case of scheduled tribe operational
FHQVXVÀJXUHRIODNKKHFWDUHV holders, the area operated decreased from
5. The area operated by male operational holders is 7.25 lakh hectares in 2005-06 census to 7.05
101.90 lakh hectares, which constitute 83.78 lakh hectares in 2010-11 census decrease by
per cent of the total area operated, while the 2.8 per cent.
area operated by female operational holders 12. The average size of operational holdings by
is 18.92 lakh hectares, constituting 15.61 per scheduled caste according to 2010-11 census
cent and the remaining 0.74 lakh hectare, is 1.18 hectares, which is dropped marginally
operated by institutional holdings, constitute by 0.07 hectare as compared to 1.25 hectares in
just 0.61 per cent. 2005-06 census. So also in case of scheduled
6. As regards, the area operated by different size tribe, it has come down by 0.16 hectare i.e.,
classes of holdings, semi-medium size class from 1.65 hectares in 2005-06 census to 1.49
holdings has the highest percentage of area hectares in 2010-11 census.
operated i.e., 27.9 per cent, closely followed by 13. The other social group held 64.33 lakh
small class with 24.8 per cent, medium size holdings with an operated area of 103.09 lakh
class with 23.9 per cent, marginal size class hectares, with 1.60 hectares of average size
with 15.2 per cent and the large size class with of operational holdings in 2010-11 census.
8.2 per cent, which has the least share. Whereas in 2005-06 census, which has been
7. The average size of operational holdings has indicated as a lower number of 62.45 lakh
come down marginally, from 1.63 hectares holdings, while the operated area showed a
in 2005-06 census to 1.55 hectares in 2010- marginal increase of 104.87 lakh hectares
11 census by 0.08 hectare, which is mainly resulted in a slightly higher average size of
due to sub-division and fragmentation of land operational holding of 1.68 hectares.
holdings that this trend is common in every 14. Among the different types of holdings,
Agricultural Census. obviously the Individual type holdings had
8. The average size of operational holdings, in the maximum share of 99.13 per cent of
the case of male is found to be 1.61 hectares the total operational holdings, while the
as compared to 1.28 hectares of female Joint type accounted for 0.70 per cent and
operational holders. the Institutional type holdings accounted
9. One notable feature is that the average size for negligible 0.17 per cent, as per 2010-11
of holdings increases with increase in size Agricultural Census.
classes. The marginal size class showed the 15. The area operated by types of holdings is also
minimum of 0.48 hectare of average size synonymous, since 98.55 per cent of the total
holdings, followed by small size class holdings area operated is by Individual type holdings,
1.41 hectares, semi medium size class 2.68 0.85 per cent of area operated is by Joint
hectares, medium size class 5.69 hectares type and the remaining 0.6 per cent by the
and large size class 14.71 hectares, being the Institutional type as per 2010-11 Agricultural
maximum. Census.
10. Among the social groups, the total number of 16. The average size of Individual type of holdings
holdings of scheduled caste group was found as per 2010-11 census is 1.54 hectares, that
to be 9.14 lakhs, which showed an increase of of Joint type of holdings is 1.85 hectares and
SHUFHQWRYHUWKHSUHYLRXVFHQVXVÀJXUHRI for Institutional type of it is 5.78 hectares.
8.82 lakhs. So also, in case of scheduled tribe But in 2005-06 census, wherein the average
246 group the number of holdings, which are 4.73 size of the Individual type of holdings was
lakhs as per 2010-11 census has increased 1.63 hectares, Joint type of holdings was
1.57 hectares and Institutional type was 4.87 1985-86 and 1990-91 and once again in 1995-
hectares. It may be observed that the average 96 census, it fell marginally by 1.7 per cent
size of the Institutional type of holdings in and increase by 1.6 and 0.6 percent during
both the censuses were higher as compared 2000-01 and 2005-06 census respectively.
to Individual type and Joint type of holdings, And it marginally fell by 1.8 per cent during
because of fewer number of holdings coming 2010-11 census. Pertaining to the area
under Institutional category. RSHUDWHG GXULQJ WKH ÀUVW FHQVXV LV
17. 'XULQJWKHÀUVW$JULFXOWXUDO&HQVXV 113.68 lakh hectares and increased to 121.61
the number of operational holdings, which lakh hectares during 2010-11 census with an
was 35.51 lakhs, has increased over 121 increase of about 6.98 per cent.
per cent compared to the Ninth Agricultural 19. The trend of average size of operational
&HQVXVÀJXUHRIODNKKROGLQJV holdings was gradually decreasing at every
7KH WUHQG LQ DUHD RSHUDWHG VLQFH WKH ÀUVW census period. It may be noted that the
Agriculture Census 1970-71, shows slight average size of operational holdings, which
decrease of 0.1 per cent during 1976-77 ZDV KHFWDUHV LQ WKH ÀUVW $JULFXOWXUDO
census. Increasing trend was observed during Census 1970-71 has decreased to 1.55
the subsequent three censuses 1980-81, hectares during 2010-11 census, indicating
shortfall of 52 per cent.
Table 4.01: Trends in number of operational holdings according to major size classes of
Agricultural Censuses 1970-71 to 2010-11.
Size Class 1970-71 1976-77 1980-81 1985-86 1990-91 1995-96 2000-01 2005-06 2010-11
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Marginal 1,081 1,274 (17.8) 1,489 (16.9) 1,792 (20.3) 2,262 (26.2) 2,610 (15.4) 3,252 (24.6) 3,655 (12.4) 3,849 (5.3)
Small 840 888 (5.8) 1,057 (19.0) 1,293 (22.3) 1,586 (22.7) 1,707 (7.6) 1,909 (11.8) 2,014 (5.4) 2,138 (6.2)
Semi Medium 788 818 (3.8) 918 (12.2) 1,035 (12.7) 1,163 (12.4) 1,204 (3.5) 1,259 (4.6) 1,278 (1.5) 1,267 (-0.9)
Medium 623 632 (1.4) 662 (4.7) 646 (-2.4) 636 (-1.5) 594 (-6.6) 569 (4.2) 555 (-2.6) 511 (-7.9)
ALLIED ACTIVITIES
Large 219 199 (-9.11) 183 (-8.0) 153 (-16.4) 129 (-15.7) 106 (-17.8) 90 (15.1) 79 -(11.11) 67 (-15.2)
AGRICULTURE AND
Total 3,551 3,811 (7.3) 4,309 (13.1) 4,919 (14.1) 5,776 (17.4) 6,221 (7.7) 7,079 (13.8) 7,581 (7.11) 7,832 (3.3)
Note: Figures within brackets indicate percentage variation over preceding censuses. Source: Agricultural census 2010-11, part 1.
Table 4.02: Trends in area of Operational holdings according to major size classes of
$JULFXOWXUDO&HQVXVHV WR 1XPEHULQ·KHFWDUHV
Size Class 1970-71 1976-77 1980-81 1985-86 1990-91 1995-96 2000-01 2005-06 2010-11
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Marginal 549 638 (16.2) 733 (14.9) 866 (18.2) 1,072 (23.7) 1,248 (16.4) 1,492 (19.5) 1,651 (10.7) 1,851 (12.1)
Small 1,221 1,319 (8.0) 1,543 (17.0) 1,888 (22.4) 2,308 (22.2) 2,480 (7.5) 2,742 (10.6) 2,876 (4.9) 3,020 (5.0)
Semi Medium 2,205 2,288 (3.7) 2,572 (12.5) 2,880 (11.9) 3,200 (11.2) 3,298 (3.1) 3,429 (4.0) 3,468 (1.4) 3,393 (-2.2)
Medium 3,792 3,858 (1.7) 4,018 (4.1) 3,881 (-3.4) 3,770 (-2.9) 3,490 (-7.4) 3,317 (5.0) 3,206 (-3.3) 2,904 (-9.4)
Large 3,601 3,254 (-9.6) 2,880 (-11.5) 2,364 (-17.9) 1,971(-16.6) 1,593 (-19.2) 1,327 (16.7) 1,184 (-10.9 994 (-16.1)
Total 11,368 11,357 (-0.1) 11,746 (3.4) 11,879 (1.1) 12,321 (3.7) 12,109 (-1.7) 12,307 (1.6) 12,385 (0.6) 12,161(-1.8)
Note: Figures within brackets indicate percentage variation to the preceding censuses. Source: Agricultural census 2010-11, part 1.
Table 4.03: Trends in area of Operational holdings according to major size classes of
$JULFXOWXUDO&HQVXVHV WR 1XPEHULQ·KHFWDUHV
Size Class 1970-71 1976-77 1980-81 1985-86 1990-91 1995-96 2000-01 2005-06 2010-11
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Marginal 0.51 0.50 0.49 0.48 0.47 0.48 0.46 0.45 0.48
Small 1.46 1.49 1.46 1.46 1.46 1.45 1.44 1.43 1.41
Semi medium 2.80 2.80 2.80 2.80 2.75 2.74 2.72 2.71 2.68
Medium 6.09 6.11 6.07 6.01 5.93 5.88 5.83 5.79 5.69
Large 16.43 16.35 15.45 15.45 15.28 15.02 14.74 14.79 14.71
Total 3.20 2.98 2.41 2.41 2.13 1.95 1.74 1.63 1.55
247
Source: Agricultural census 2010-11, part 1.
Climate: Climate plays a decisive role in of 15 zones, Karnataka falls in Zone X (southern
determining the prospects of agriculture. plateau and hilly region) and Zone XII (west
Karnataka receives majority of its rainfall from coast plain and ghat region). The state in an
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
South-west monsoon winds. The rainfall is usually exercise between the Department of Agriculture
concentrated in the months of June-September. and the University of Agricultural Sciences came
This helps for the growth of Kharif crops. Southern up with 10 agro-climatic zones based on the
districts of Karnataka also receive rainfall from following criteria (a) Rainfall pattern, quantum
retreating North-East monsoon winds in the and distribution (b) Soil types, texture, depth and
month of October and November which aids the physico-chemical properties (c) Elevation and
sowing of Rabi crops. But the amount of rainfall topography and (d) Major crops and vegetation.
received is less when compared with South-West
The ten agro-climatic regions of Karnataka are:
monsoon winds.
North Eastern Transition Zone, North Eastern
Agro-climatic Zones: The planning commission Dry Zone, Northern Dry Zone, Central Dry Zone,
of India has divided the country into 15 agro Eastern Dry Zone, Southern Dry Zone, Southern
climatic zones for the purpose of evolving a best Transition Zone, Northern Transition Zone, Hilly
strategy to improve agricultural productivity. Out Zone and Coastal Zone.
Table 4.04: Agro-Climatic Zones in Karnataka State.
Sl Rainfall Range
Region Elevation Soil
No. in mm
North Eastern Transition 800-900 in major areas Shallow to medium black clay soils in major areas. Red
1 829.5 to 919.00
(7 taluks) 450-800 parts of 6 taluks lateritic soils in remaining areas.
North Eastern Dry Zone Deep to very deep black clay soils in major areas.
2 633.22 to 806.6 300-450 in all taluks
(11 taluks) Shallow to medium black soils in minor pockets
Northern Dry Zone (35 450-800 in 26 taluks in remaining Black clay medium and deep in major areas, sand loams
3 464.5 to 785.7
taluks) taluks 800 to 900. in remaining areas.
Central Dry Zone (17 800-900 in major areas in remaining Red Sandy loams in major areas shallow to deep black
4 455.5 to 717.4
taluks) areas 450-800 soil in remaining areas.
Eastern Dry Zone (25 800-900 in major areas in remaining Red loamy soils in major areas, clay lateritic soils in
5 679.1 to 888.9
taluks) areas 900-1500 remaining areas.
Southern Dry Zone (19 800-900 in major areas 450-800 in Red sandy loams in major areas and in remaining areas,
6 670.6 to 888.6
taluks) remaining areas pockets of black soils.
Southern Transition Zone 800-900 in major areas partly 900- Red sandy loams in major areas and in remaining areas,
7 611.7 to 1,053.9
(13 taluks) 1500 and in 6 taluks 450-800 red loamy soils
Northern Transition (14 800-900 in major areas 450-800 in Shallow to medium black clay soils and red sandy loamy
8 618.4 to 1,303.2
taluks) remaining areas soils in equal proportion.
800-900 in major areas in 4 taluks
9 Hilly Zone (22 taluks) 904.4 to 3,695.1 Red clay loamy soils in major areas.
900-1500 and in 6 taluks 450-800
Less than 300 in major areas in
10 Coastal Zone (13 taluks) 3,010.9 to 4,694.4 Red lateritic and coastal alluvial
remaining 450-800
Source: Agricultural diary 2013, Department of Agriculture, Bengaluru.
Table 4.05: The names of the districts and taluks under different zones
Zone No. and Name District (No. of Taluks) Name of Taluks
1.North Eastern Transition
Bidar (5) and Kalaburagi (2) Aland, Bhalki, Basavakalyan, Bidar, Chincholi, Humnabad, Aurad.
Zone
2. North Eastern Dry Zone Kalaburagi (5) Yadgir (3) & Raichur (3) Afzalpur, Chitapur, Kalaburagi, Jewargi, Sedum, Shahapur, Yadgir, Shorapur, Raichur, Deodurga, Manvi.
Koppal (4): Gadag (4), Dharwad (1), Gangavathi, Koppal, Kushtagi, Lingasugur, Sindhanur, Yelburga, Badami, Bagalkote, Bagewadi, Bilgi, Vijayapura,
Belagavi (5), Vijayapura (5), Bagalkot Hungund, Indi, Jamkhandi, Mudhol, Muddebihal, Sindhagi, Ballari, Hagaribommanahalli, Harapanahalli, Hadagali,
3.Northern Dry Zone Hosapete, Kudligi, Sandur, Siruguppa, Ron, Navalgund, Naragund, Gadag, Mundargi, Ramdurga, Gokak, Raibag,
(6), Ballari (7), Davanagere (1), Raichur
(2) Soundatti, Athani.
Chitradurga (6), Davanagere (3), Tumkuru Challakere, Chitradurga, Davanagere, Harihara, Hiriyur, Hosadurga, Holalkere, Jagalur, Molkalmuru,
4.Central Dry Zone
(6), Chikkamagalur (1), Hassan (1) Arasikere, Kadur, Madhugiri, Pavagada, Koratagere, C.N.Halli, Sira, Tiptur.
Gubbi, Tumkuru, Anekal, Bengaluru South, Bengaluru North, Channapatna, Devanahalli, Doddaballapur,
Bengaluru Rural(4), Ramanagar
Hosakote, Kanakapura, Magadi, Nelamangala, Ramanagar, Bagepalli, Bangarpet, Chikkaballapur,
5.Eastern Dry Zone (4) Bengaluru (4) Kolar (5),
Chintamani, Gudibanda, Gowribidanur, Kolar, Malur, Mulbagal, Sidalaghatta, Srinivasapur, Bengaluru
Chikkaballapur (6), Tumkuru (2)
east.
Mysuru (4), Chamarajanagaru (4), K.R.Nagar, T.Narasipur, Mysuru, Kollegal, Nanjangud, Turuvekere, Kunigal, Nagamangala, Srirangapatna,
248 6.Southern Dry Zone Mandya(7), Tumakuru (2), Hassan Malavalli, Maddur, Mandya, Pandavapura, K.R.Pet, Channarayanapatna, Hassan, Chamrajanagar, Yelandur,
(2) Gundlupet.
Hassan (4), Chikkamagalur (1)
7.Southern Transition H.D.Kote, Hunsur, Piriyapatna, H.N.Pura, Alur, Arkalgud, Belur, Tarikere, Bhadravathi, Shivamogga,
Shivamogga (3), Mysuru (3),
Zone Honnali, Shikaripura, Channagiri.
Davanagere (2)
8. Northern Transition Belagavi (4), Dharwad (3), Haveri Hukkeri, Chikodi, Bailhongal, Belagavi, Haveri, Shiggaon, Shirahatti, Kundagol,Savanur, Hubli, Dharwad,
Zone (6), Gadag (1) Byadgi, Hirekerur, Ranebennur.
Uttar Kannada (6), Belagavi (1),
Sirsi, Siddapura, Yellapura, Supa, Haliyal, Mundgod, Khanapur, Soraba, Hosanagar, Sagar, Thirthahalli,
Dharwad(1), Haveri (1) Shivamogga
9. Hilly Zone Koppa, Sringeri, Mudigere, Narasimharajapur, Chikkamagalur, Kalaghatagi, Hangal, Sakleshpur, Virajpet,
(4), Chikkamagalur (5), Kodagu (3),
Somwarpet, Madikeri.
Hassan (1)
Udupi (3), Dhakshina Kannada (5), Karwar, Kumta, Honnavar, Bhatkal, Ankola, Bantwal, Udupi, Belthangadi, Karkala, Kundapura,
10.Coastal Zone
Uttara Kannaga (5) Mangaluru, Puttur, Sulya.
Source: Agricultural diary 2013, Department of Agriculture, Bengaluru.
Land Utilization Around 16 per cent of the area was covered
As per the land utilization statistics of 2016-17, under forests, 7.85 per cent area was under non-
out of the total 190.50 lakh hectares geographical agricultural uses, 4.16 per cent land was barren
area of the State, the net cropped area was 98.55 and uncultivable land and 2.10 per cent land was
lakh hectares accounting to 51.73 per cent cultivable waste. Permanent pastures, grazing
of the total geographical area. Gross cropped land and miscellaneous tree crops constituted
area was 117.79 lakh hectares including 19.24 6.19 per cent of the total geographical area. About
lakh hectares area sown more than once, this 11.83 per cent of the total area falls under current
works out to 120 per cent cropping intensity. fallow and other fallow land.
Table : 4.06 Land Utilization Statistics (in lakh KHFWDUHV
&ODVVL¿FDWLRQ 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17
Total Geographical Area 190.5 190.5 190.50
1. Forest 30.73 30.73 30.73
2. Land not available for cultivation
a. Land put to non-agriculture use 14.61 14.76 14.95
ALLIED ACTIVITIES
b Barren and uncultivable land 7.87 7.93 7.93
AGRICULTURE AND
3. Cultivable waste 4.09 4.09 4.00
4. Uncultivated land excluding fallow land
a. Permanent Pastures and other grazing land 9.04 9.07 9.05
b. Miscellaneous tree crops, groves not included under net area sown 2.77 2.76 2.75
5. Fallow land
a. Current fallow 15.72 14.53 15.61
b. Other fallow 5.23 6.56 6.92
6. Net area sown 100.44 100.06 98.55
7. Total cropped Area 122.47 120.09 117.79
8. Area sown more than once 22.03 20.02 19.24
Cropping Intensity( %) 121.93 120.01 119.52
Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Bengaluru.
Cropping Pattern 100.87 lakh tonnes against targeted production
About 66 per cent of the cultivated area in the of 135 lakh tonnes (86.61 lakh tonnes of Cereals
State is under rainfed cultivation and failure of and 14.26 lakh tonnes of Pulses against the target
rains leave a severe impact on the agricultural of 115 and 20 lakh tonnes respectively). Oil seeds
production during 2018-19. Advance Estimates of production is estimated to be 10.67 lakh tonnes
agricultural production are worked out considering against the target of 14 lakh tonnes. Production
the progress in area coverage under various kharif of cotton is likely to be 9.26 lakh bales against
and Rabi crops, likely coverage during summer the target of 16.43 lakh bales. The short fall in
inview of in adequate water storage in major/ production can be attributed to failure of rains
minor irrigation reservoirs of northern Karnataka, during July, August, September and October in
likely loss in yield on account of failure of rains. major parts of the State.
249
The estimates indicate food grain production of
Table: 4.07 Area Under Principal Crops in .DUQDWDND LQODNKKHFWDUHV
Crops 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18
Rice 11.10 10.34 9.93
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
Jowar 11.04 9.48 10.88
Ragi 7.05 5.98 7.78
Maize 12.20 13.70 13.07
Bajra 1.66 2.42 2.31
Wheat 1.74 1.68 1.93
Minor millets 0.28 0.21 0.34
Total cereals and Minor Millets 45.07 43.81 46.24
Tur 6.57 12.14 8.85
Total Pulses 28.31 29.66 30.24
Total food Grains 73.38 73.47 76.48
Groundnut 5.70 6.66 5.64
Total oilseeds 12.86 12.93 10.99
Cotton 6.42 5.10 5.47
Sugarcane 6.02 4.88 5.33
Tobacco 0.84 0.90 0.95
Arecanut (Processed) 2.48 2.55 2.79
Coconut 4.41 4.37 4.46
Dry chillies 1.02 1.28 1.00
Pepper 0.35 0.38 0.41
Cardamom 0.18 0.17 0.15
Source: Directorate of Economics & Statistics.
Table : 4.08 Production of Principal Crops in Karnataka
(Unit: Lakh Tonnes, Cotton in Lakh bales of 170 Kg in Lint forP
Crops 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18
Rice 30.21 28.74 29.07
Jowar 7.96 8.46 12.64
Ragi 11.88 4.91 15.68
Maize 33.10 33.14 56.10
Bajra 1.11 2.55 3.67
Wheat 1.56 1.71 2.19
Minor millets 0.10 0.07 0.25
Total cereals and Minor Millets 85.92 79.58 119.60
Tur 2.42 12.12 8.40
Total pulses 10.52 20.41 22.12
Total food grains 96.44 99.99 141.72
Groundnut 3.95 4.19 6.37
Total oilseeds 7.09 8.05 12.79
Cotton 11.52 10.24 18.44
Sugarcane 363.14 273.38 374.61
Tobacco 0.49 0.65 0.89
Arecanut (processed) 4.86 5.17 6.06
Coconut (Million Nuts) 3688.82 3417.20 3528.54
Drychillies 1.03 2.60 1.91
Pepper (Lakh Quintals) 2.68 2.29 2.72
Cardamom 0.01 0.02 0.02
250
Source: Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Bengaluru.
Table: 4.09 Average Yield of Selected Crops of India and Karnataka 2014-15, 2015-16 &
2016-17. (KJ+HFWDUH
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18
Crops
India Karnataka India Karnataka India Karnataka India Karnataka
Rice 2,391 3,195 2,404 2,865 2,494 2,924 3,082
Ragi 1,706 1,930 1,424 1,774 1,363 864 2,122
Jowar 884 1,180 780 759 812 939 1,223
Wheat 2,750 1,385 3,093 947 3,200 1,073 1,193
Maize 2,632 3,318 2,509 2,856 2,689 2,546 4,519
Bajra 1,255 1,117 1,154 704 1,305 1,111 1,670
Tur 729 685 656 387 913 1,051 Not available 999
Bengalgram 889 756 859 409 974 622 812
Groundnut 1,552 808 1,486 729 1,398 662 1,186
6XQÀRZHU 737 609 697 386 660 470 917
Soyabean 951 779 737 571 1,177 710 1,611
Cotton (lint) 462 395 432 321 512 360 603
Sugarcane* 71.5 96 71.1 85 69 73 99
* Tonnes per hectare.
Source: India: Agricultural Statistics at a Glance, MAFW, GoI., Karnataka: 2014-15 to 2017-18 Final Estimates of DE & S.
Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Bengaluru.
Karnataka State falls in Zone X (Southern prone/rainfed area. In India, out of 142 million
Plateau and Hilly region) and Zone XII (West Coast ha of arable lands, 60 per cent (5.2 million ha)
ALLIED ACTIVITIES
Plains and Ghats region) as per the Agro-climatic is rainfed. Karnataka has the second largest
AGRICULTURE AND
Regional Planning of Planning Commission. area under rainfed agriculture after Rajasthan
The State is divided into10 Agro-climatic zones in the Country with around 120 lakh hectares.
based on distribution and quantum of rainfall, Crop yields in rainfed areas are quite low (one
soil quality, height from the sea and on the to one and half tonnes per hectare). Current
basis of major crops. On account of this varied UDLQZDWHU XVH HIÀFLHQF\ LQ UDLQIHG DJULFXOWXUH
agro-climatic features almost all cereals, pulses, varies between 35-45 per cent. Rainfed/dryland
oilseeds and commercial crops are cultivated in areas confront harsh environment and economic
different parts of the State. Farmers in Karnataka hardship. The basic problem of rainfed areas is
DUHYHU\LQQRYDWLYHDQGWDNHOHDGLQGLYHUVLÀFDWLRQ one of a vicious cycle that starts with low water
as per the market trends. The average area (2013- availability, degradation of natural resource base
14 to 2017-18) under agricultural crops grown in because of poor management which ultimately
three seasons viz. Kharif (67.99 lakh ha.), Rabi results in low productivity. This, in turn, leads to
(30.47 lakh ha.) and summer (4.34 lakh ha.) is over-exploitation of the existing natural resources
102.80 lakh hectares. Cereals, Pulses, Oil seeds, and causes further degradation. The vast potential
Cotton, Sugarcane and Tobacco account for 46 of rainfed agriculture could be unlocked by
%, 28%,14%, 6%, 5% and 1% respectively of the XVLQJ DYDLODEOH VFLHQWLÀF WHFKQRORJLHV LQFOXGLQJ
total agricultural cropped area. Maize, Tur, Bengal improved cultivators. Crops like jowar, ragi, maize,
gram, Cotton and Soyabean are witnessing JURXQGQXWVXQÁRZHUSXOVHVRLOVHHGVDQGVRPH
higher trend in recent years, where as crops like horticulture crops can be grown by adopting
6XQÁRZHU -RZDU *URXQGQXW HWF DUH ZLWQHVV VFLHQWLÀF VWUDWHJ\ 7KH YDVW RSSRUWXQLWLHV
declining trend. existing in dryland areas can be harnessed
for improving rural livelihoods. Calendar of
Rainfed Farming
agricultural operations in respect of principal
7KHÀUVWFKDOOHQJHSRVLQJWKHDJULFXOWXUHVHFWRU
crops and crop-wise critical growth period details
in Karnataka is to mainstream the vast drought 251
are presented in table 4.10 and 4.11 respectively.
Table 4.10: Calendar of Agricultural Operations indicating the period of sowing and harvesting
in respect of principal crops in Karnataka State
Period of
KARNATAKA
Sl. Name of the Crops
HAND BOOK OF
Sowing Harvesting Other seasons in which grown
No.
KHARIF
1 Rice-Autumn May - September October-January Summer
2 Rice-Winter August -November January-April Winter
3 Jowar May- July September -December Rabi, Summer
4 Bajra June - August September -November Summer
5 Maize May - August September- December Rabi, Summer
6 Ragi May - August September - December Summer
7 Small Millets June - August September - December Summer
8 Tur June - July December- February
9 Other Pulses (Kharif) May - August October - December Rabi
10 Tobacco April - September September - January
11 Groundnut June - August September - December Summer
12 Castor Seed April - August September - February Summer
13 Sesamum April - June August - September
14 Cotton May - July December - April Rabi
15 Niger seed June - July September - October
16 6XQÁRZHU June - August September - December
RABI
1 Jowar September - October January - March Kharif Summer
2 Maize October - December January - March Kharif Summer
3 Wheat October - December January-March
4 Gram October - December January-March
5 Other Pulses (Rabi) September- February November-April Kharif
6 Cotton August - September February-April Kharif
7 6DIÁRZHU October - November January-March
8 Linseed October - November January-March
9 Rape & Mustard October - November January-March
10 6XQÁRZHU October - November January-March
SUMMER
1 Rice January - March April-July Kharif
2 Ragi January - March April-July Kharif
3 Groundnut December - March April-July Kharif
4 Maize (Hybrid Varieties) December - March April-July Kharif, Rabi
5 Bajra (Hybrid Varieties) January - March April-July Kharif
6 Jowar (Hybrid varieties) January - March April-July Kharif, Rabi
Small Millets (like
7 January - March April-July Kharif
Irrigated Navane)
8 6XQÁRZHU January - March April-July
1 Sugarcane June - July August-September 14 months crop
June - July November -February (Adsali) 18 months crop
December - February December-February (Eksali) 12 months crop
October - December November-December (Eksali) 12 months crop
252
6RXUFH $JULFXOWXUHLQ.DUQDWDND$SURÀOH'HSWRI$JULO*2.
Cropping Pattern
Unit : Area in hectares
Food Crops
Year / District
Cereals & Total Food Condiments
Pulses Sugar Crops Fresh Fruits
Millets JUDLQV & Spices
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
2013-14 5002233 2494292 7496525 670798 403951 353313
2014-15 4841925 2321385 7163310 691343 450899 362793
2015-16 4491151 2827340 7318491 602715 467353 360859
2015-16
Sl. No.
1 Bagalkote 190962 160520 351482 105380 4340 6391
2 Bengaluru 21634 2639 24273 3 465 3055
3 Bengaluru (R) 54564 5611 60175 60 2401 9177
4 Belagavi 394862 149740 544602 215429 7263 10743
5 Ballari 266788 86092 352880 9870 22532 7663
6 Bidar 62899 171120 234019 27543 1132 1904
7 Vijayapura 291236 463134 754370 78136 2889 22700
8 Chamarajnagar 82137 33224 115361 5603 9541 6524
9 Chikkaballapura 107959 16928 124887 101 3760 26010
10 Chikkamagaluru 114821 34364 149185 2181 42553 7436
11 Chitradurga 162911 62165 225076 2 19963 14856
ALLIED ACTIVITIES
12 D. Kannada 48689 3264 51953 313 39077 39234
AGRICULTURE AND
13 Davangere 299353 12683 312036 5788 37339 7373
14 Dharwad 136226 134959 271185 8712 30184 9949
15 Gadag 108106 193574 301680 7586 10979 718
16 Kalaburagi 225175 505740 730915 55106 1054 3606
17 Hassan 192743 35044 227787 1526 33440 8571
18 Haveri 253130 12106 265236 14826 14436 6389
19 Kodagu 31784 12 31796 - 29013 6772
20 Kolar 59463 19625 79088 106 4254 43376
21 Koppal 179580 140752 320332 2094 2331 5298
22 Mandya 125531 37319 162850 36678 1693 4563
23 Mysuru 185153 127396 312549 9579 9212 12340
24 Raichur 246841 190116 436957 375 4211 1611
25 Ramanagara 76837 21360 98197 751 2323 25133
26 Shivamogga 154276 2990 157266 6121 60439 11231
27 Tumakuru 194340 45550 239890 324 40653 24682
28 Udupi 49616 4429 54045 39 8646 22505
29 Uttara Kannada 70728 1473 72201 6519 20613 9653
30 Yadagiri 102807 153411 256218 1964 617 1396
Source: D E S, Annual Season & Crop Statistics Report
253
Land Utilisation
Unit : Area in hectares
Food Crops Area sown Total
Net area
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
Year / District Cereals Other more than Cropped
Total sown
Fallows Fallows once area
1 8 9 10 11 12 13
2013-14 1699937 525238 2225175 9923339 2343567 12266906
2014-15 1571638 523141 2094779 10043824 2202811 12246635
2015-16 1453241 655902 2109143 10006341 2002242 12008583
2015-16
Sl. No.
1 Bagalkote 44115 22268 66383 451988 98307 550295
2 Bengaluru 21564 6730 28294 37148 4059 41207
3 Bengaluru (R) 15711 12474 28185 112214 4737 116951
4 Belagavi 157545 52889 210434 789917 231379 1021296
5 Ballari 57837 19986 77823 440671 111552 552223
6 Bidar 63605 42744 106349 321535 76173 397708
7 Vijayapura 61266 5685 66951 902825 65901 968726
8 Chamarajnagar 40181 11858 52039 161063 33629 194692
9 Chikkaballapura 13333 13148 26481 194496 22400 216896
10 Chikkamagaluru 19374 6371 25745 294720 66249 360969
11 Chitradurga 83341 22335 105676 388785 81134 469919
12 D. Kannada 6665 6043 12708 141164 24991 166155
13 Davangere 25115 5140 30255 384081 41705 425786
14 Dharwad 8068 6979 15047 342579 176758 519337
15 Gadag 11407 4534 15941 391191 106705 497896
16 Kalaburagi 102979 76188 179167 767352 137892 905244
17 Hassan 50903 44329 95232 344326 73252 417578
18 Haveri 12637 6519 19156 361908 70256 432164
19 Kodagu 8989 3725 12714 361908 23728 188788
20 Kolar 51638 12549 64187 162788 8382 171170
21 Koppal 22040 27010 49050 387721 72015 459736
22 Mandya 54855 46418 101273 209563 50135 259698
23 Mysuru 22616 23516 46132 373086 117519 490605
24 Raichur 190342 69651 259993 472824 89281 562105
25 Ramanagara 18230 25478 43708 160458 11639 172097
26 Shivamogga 9626 29370 38996 223271 27709 250980
27 Tumakuru 192477 23731 216208 485760 72378 558138
28 Udupi 2998 9744 12742 97862 13672 111534
29 Uttara Kannada 7027 14350 21377 111021 11032 122053
30 Yadagiri 76757 4140 80897 328964 77673 406637
254 Source: D E S, Annual Season & Crop Statistics Report
Land Utilisation &RQWG
Unit : Area in hectares
Other Uncultivated land excluding fallow land
Year / District Permanent
Land under Misc.
Pastures & Other Cultivable Waste Total
Trees & Groves
Grazing Land
1 14 15 16 17
2013-14 906259 281164 410512 1597935
2014-15 903999 276974 409432 1590405
2015-16 907004 276102 408841 1591947
2015-16
Sl. No.
1 Bagalkote 3429 274 2035 5738
2 Bengaluru 5674 7648 3889 17211
3 Bengaluru (R) 3879 13429 3898 21206
4 Belagavi 24877 3093 11465 39435
5 Ballari 5472 3606 24839 33917
6 Bidar 13964 10933 19382 44279
7 Vijayapura 9575 1316 5502 16393
8 Chamarajnagar 22750 4741 7637 35128
9 Chikkaballapura 55550 6482 4743 66775
10 Chikkamagaluru 88585 19774 19322 127681
ALLIED ACTIVITIES
11 Chitradurga 88740 11317 21612 121669
AGRICULTURE AND
12 D. Kannada 14401 25386 27755 67542
13 Davangere 19538 4955 8525 33018
14 Dharwad 3571 184 2669 6424
15 Gadag 2592 258 1010 3860
16 Kalaburagi 25855 1131 9417 36403
17 Hassan 32943 6963 14142 54048
18 Haveri 12209 2290 2989 17488
19 Kodagu 13884 20219 9076 43179
20 Kolar 39418 7009 6397 52824
21 Koppal 17842 210 2568 20620
22 Mandya 32049 3628 41955 77632
23 Mysuru 46808 5871 21407 74086
24 Raichur 19816 13684 10712 44212
25 Ramanagara 24662 3950 1178 29790
26 Shivamogga 163463 26868 16311 206642
27 Tumakuru 76453 21033 62642 160128
28 Udupi 10625 44307 36929 91861
29 Uttara Kannada 16625 4806 6450 27881
30 Yadagiri 11755 737 2385 14877
255
Source: D E S, Annual Season & Crop Statistics Report
Land Utilisation &RQWG
Unit : Area in hectares
Area according Not Available for Cultivation
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
Year / District to village Forest
Papers Land put to Non- Barren & Un-
Total
agricultural uses cultivable land
1 18 19 20 21 22
2013-14 19050068 3073376 1443633 786610 2230243
2014-15 19050068 3073376 1461102 786582 2247684
2015-16 19050068 3073376 1475908 793353 2269261
2015-16
Sl. No.
1 Bagalkote 658877 81126 28832 24810 53642
2 Bengaluru 217410 5055 124791 4911 129702
3 Bengaluru (R) 229519 11322 45468 11124 56592
4 Belagavi 1344382 190424 69830 44342 114172
5 Ballari 813196 97017 110291 53477 163768
6 Bidar 541765 27707 22768 19127 41895
7 Vijayapura 1053471 1977 36266 29059 65325
8 Chamarajnagar 569901 275610 24627 21434 46061
9 Chikkaballapura 404501 49704 32743 34302 67045
10 Chikkamagaluru 722075 202028 43579 28322 71901
11 Chitradurga 770702 73719 55450 25403 80853
12 D. Kannada 477381 128476 68711 58780 127491
13 Davangere 597597 89918 39792 20533 60325
14 Dharwad 427329 35235 24059 3985 28044
15 Gadag 465715 32614 10481 11628 22109
16 Kalaburagi 1094120 35316 40769 35113 75882
17 Hassan 662602 58775 79856 30365 110221
18 Haveri 485156 47454 33357 5793 39150
19 Kodagu 410775 134597 24215 31010 55225
20 Kolar 374966 20620 45677 28870 74547
21 Koppal 552495 29451 42188 23465 65653
22 Mandya 498244 24765 63492 21519 85011
23 Mysuru 676382 62851 75209 45018 120227
24 Raichur 835843 18167 20563 20084 40647
25 Ramanagara 355912 69946 27671 24339 52010
26 Shivamogga 847784 276855 88708 13312 102020
27 Tumakuru 1064755 45177 89943 67539 157482
28 Udupi 356446 100102 42284 11595 53879
29 Uttara Kannada 1024679 813595 34665 16140 50805
30 Yadagiri 516088 33773 29623 27954 57577
256
Source: Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Annual Season & Crop Statistics Report
'LVWULEXWLRQ2I/DQG+ROGLQJV 2SHUDWLRQDO %\6L]H$QG6H[
Unit : Area in hectares
Total Agricultural Land Holders
Year / District Number Area
Institu- Institu-
Male Female Total Male Female Total
tional tional
Sl.
1 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193
No.
1 Bagalkote 193388 34298 45 227731 419864 66306 945 487115
2 Bengaluru 65846 14679 90 80615 65334 13465 546 79345
3 Bengaluru (R) 145020 33789 58 178867 125691 26260 81 152032
4 Belagavi 487883 42948 104 530935 919336 69527 3423 992286
5 Ballari 211667 62557 911 275135 428892 104909 3725 537526
6 Bidar 202413 48498 74 250985 372306 78541 929 451776
7 Vijayapura 300565 41600 38 342203 844404 105256 672 950332
8 Chamarajnagar 172297 39453 446 212196 176765 36723 1649 215137
9 Chikkaballapura 178301 36054 107 214462 190840 33353 2162 226355
10 Chikkamagaluru 182860 39251 1366 223477 248509 51259 13609 313377
11 Chitradurga 227197 63232 148 290577 438437 117795 4543 560775
12 D. Kannada 142792 65458 847 209097 121883 54613 1916 178412
13 Davangere 226426 54817 1434 282677 333820 75813 4050 413683
14 Dharwad 124153 18868 204 143225 300444 41109 1425 342978
ALLIED ACTIVITIES
15 Gadag 141852 21297 317 163466 343266 45195 1804 390265
AGRICULTURE AND
16 Kalaburagi 324306 70921 270 395497 778238 157391 1908 937537
17 Hassan 341883 93219 579 435681 383393 76467 3635 463495
18 Haveri 198052 19944 355 218351 344691 30882 1344 376917
19 Kodagu 57651 10803 427 68881 134872 22636 10350 167858
20 Kolar 198213 38257 385 236855 200194 33277 452 233923
21 Koppal 179033 39035 34 218102 366488 65764 1194 433446
22 Mandya 280482 112940 2344 395766 246139 59378 3913 309430
23 Mysuru 301928 83606 192 385726 299506 67075 1946 368527
24 Raichur 275390 56632 11 332033 591209 103989 588 695786
25 Ramanagara 221460 49825 163 271448 167900 34406 261 202567
26 Shivamogga 169524 44187 297 214008 209671 51328 1298 262297
27 Tumakuru 326779 87403 246 414428 554991 120065 1327 676383
28 Udupi 112972 86970 543 200485 83065 64328 2221 149614
29 Uttara Kannada 149656 42658 508 192822 122368 26858 740 149966
30 Yadagiri 193095 33280 83 226458 377668 64335 268 442271
State 6333084 1486479 12626 7832189 10190184 1898303 72924 12161411
Source: Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Agriculture Census 2010-11 Report 257
Area, Production and Average Yield of Coffee Crop
2014-15 2015-166** 2015-166**
Year / District
Arabica Robusta Total Arabica Robusta Total Arabica Robusta Total
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
1 5 6 7 8 9 10 8 9 10
,3ODQWHG$UHD KHFWDUHV
1. Chikkamagaluru 56913 31974 88887 58175 32196 90371 56014 29220 85234
2. Kodagu/Coorg 27978 76945 104923 28104 78423 106527 28251 81527 109779
3. Hassan 24199 12435 36634 24946 13594 38540 24898 14231 39129
State 109090 121354 230444 111225 124213 235438 109163 124978 234142
,,3URGXFWLRQ 7RQQHV
1. Chikkamagaluru 38200 40880 79080 40600 41400 82000 36400 35000 71400
2. Kodagu/Coorg 18030 104090 122120 19150 118150 137300 17400 106750 124150
3. Hassan 18525 13505 32030 18900 13320 32220 17800 12950 30750
State 74755 158475 233230 78650 172870 251520 71600 154700 226300
,,,<LHOG .JVKD
1. Chikkamagaluru 671 1279 890 795 1410 1020 713 1192 888
2. Kodagu/Coorg 644 1353 1164 800 1070 893 650 1423 1220
3. Hassan 766 1086 874 715 1575 1349 754 1040 853
State 685 1306 1012 775 1480 1152 706 1324 1037
* Post monsoon estimate, ** Provisional
Source: Coffee Board, Bengaluru.
Area, Production and Average Yield of Tea Crop
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17
Year / District
Arabica Robusta Total
1 3 4 5
,$UHD KHFWDUHV
1. Chikkamagaluru @ @ @
2. Kodagu/Coorg @ @ @
3. Hassan @ @ @
State 2224 2224 2216
,,3URGXFWLRQ 7RQQHV
1. Chikkamagaluru @ @ @
2. Kodagu/Coorg @ @ @
3. Hassan @ @ @
State 6746 6459 5100
,,,<LHOG .JVKD
1. Chikkamagaluru @ @ @
2. Kodagu/Coorg @ @ @
3. Hassan @ @ @
State 3033 2904 2301
* Estimated and subject to revision.
@= Break up not available. R=Revised, P=Provisional
258 Source: Tea Board Government of India, Kolkata.
Table 4.11: Crop-Wise Critical Growth Period, Average Duration and Water Requirement
Average crop Water requirement
Crop Critical growth stages
GXUDWLRQ GD\V PP
Rice 7LOOHULQLWLDWLRQÁRZHULQJDQGPLON\VWDJH 90-130 900-2500
Wheat &URZQURRWLQLWLDWLRQÁRZHULQJMRLQLQJPLON\DQGWLOOHULQJ 135 400-450
Pulses )ORZHULQLWLDWLRQDQGSRGÀOOLQJ 90-120 250-300
Groundnut Pegging and pod formation 105 450-600
Sugarcane Emergence, tiller formation and elongation 330 1400-3000
Banana (DUO\YHJHWDWLYHSKDVHEXQFKLQLWLDWLRQDQGÁRZHULQJ 300 3000
Cassava Rooting, early tuberization and tuber development 300 400-750
Maize Silking and cob development 100 400-600
6RUJKXP -RZDU .QHHKHLJKWVWDJHÁRZHULQJDQGJUDLQÀOOLQJ 100-120 250-300
&RPPHQFHPHQWRIV\PSRGLDOEUDQFKLQJÁRZHULQJEROO
Cotton 165 600-700
formation and boll bursting
Agriculture Inputs fertilizers at district and taluk levels. As on 17th
D 'LVWULEXWLRQ RI Fertilizers: For Kharif Dec 2018 under the scheme, at KSCMF Branches,
2018, the State Government had projected the DAP–15,295 tonnes, MOP-2,407 tonnes,
requirement of 24 lakh tonnes of different grades Complexes-35,477 tonnes, Urea – 27,190 tonnes,
of fertilizers. Based on that, Government of India SSP and others 2,407 tonnes fertilizer has been
had allocated 22.37 lakh tonnes of different stocked. It has been planned to stock different
grades of fertilizers consisting DAP-3.87 lakh grades of fertilizers month wise. This arrangement
tonnes, MOP-2.50 lakh tonnes, Complex-7.00 in turn helped to manage the fertilizer demand
ALLIED ACTIVITIES
lakh tonnes, Urea-8.50 lakh tonnes and SSP and smoothly in the State and there was no problem
AGRICULTURE AND
others-0.50 lakh tonnes. The State received 23.03 with respect to availability of fertilizers.
Lakh tonnes of different grades of fertilizers by Table 4 . 1 2 : Consumption of NPK in Karnata-
the end of Kharif 2018 consisting DAP-3.74 lakh ND6WDWH1LWURJHQ 1 3KRVSKRUXV 3 3RWDVK
tonnes, MOP-1.80 lakh tonnes, Complexes-8.50 . 8QLW 7RQQHs
lakh tones, Urea-8.21 lakh tonnes, SSP and others Nitrogen Phospho- Total
Years Potash (K
(N rus 3 (N+P+K
0.77 lakh tonnes. For Rabi/summer 2018-
2015-16 9,81,618 5,31,415 2,66,728 17,79,760
19, the State Government had projected the
requirement of 16 lakh tonnes of different grades 2016-17 8,71,761 5,03,287 2,40,199 16,15,247
of fertilizers. Based on that, Govt.of India has 2017-18 8,78,217 4,59,306 2,57,777 15,95,300
allocated 14.12 lakh tonnes of different grades of 2018-19
(up to 6,99,498 3,84,803 2,37,085 13,21,385
fertilizers consisting DAP-2.00 lakh tonnes, MOP– Nov.2018)
1.50 lakh tonnes,Complex-4.71 lakh tonnes, Source: Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19
Urea-5.50 lakh tonnes and SSP & others–0.41
lakh tonnes. Seeds: Seed us an important component in crop
husbandry. The State Agricultural Universities
E %XIIHU6WRFNRIFertilizer for Kharif 2018: are basically responsible for the production and
To overcome the scarcity of fertilizers at critical supply of breeder seeds of different crops. There
period during the Kharif season, the State are 53 seed farms in the State. Of these, 42 seed
Government has decided to operate the Buffer farms are under the control of Department of
Stocking of Fertilizers. The scheme of buffer Agriculture and 11 under Zilla Panchayat. The
stocking has been continued for Kharif 2018. A foundation seeds produced in the departmental
sum of Rs.400 crores loan was sanctioned from farms were being handed over to the Karnataka
Bank of India to Karnataka State Co-operative State Seed Corporation for processing and
Marketing Federation of Bangalore and further multiplication. The role of the private seed 259
MARKFED has been instructed to stock required industry has been well recognised and they have
been provided with all the facilities. Many multi- and supply breeder Seeds required for the State
national Companies are also engaged in seed based on the advance indents placed by the
production. There are two seed testing laboratories, Department of Agriculture. The Seed Association
KARNATAKA
one at Hebbal and another at Dharwad. There of India is the Nodal agency for supply of breeder
HAND BOOK OF
is one more seed testing laboratory at Lalbagh, seeds to the private seed producing agencies.
Bengaluru under the control of the Horticulture &HUWLÀHG 6HHG SURGXFWLRQ DQG GLVWULEXWLRQ LQ
department. the State is being done by Karnataka State
Seeds Corporation, National Seeds Corporation,
Seeds Distribution: Production and
Karnataka Co-operative Oil seed Growers
distribution of Seeds: As per the Seed
Federation, State Agricultural Universities and
Replacement Norms, Seed Replacement Rates
number of private seed supplying agencies.
fixed for different Agricultural Crops for 2018-19
6HHG SURGXFLQJ DQG VXSSO\LQJ DJHQFLHV À[ WKH
is as follows: Cereals: 33 to 40 percent, Pulses: 33
procurement and selling rates of various seeds
to 50 percent, Oil seeds: 33 to 89 percent, Cotton:
considering, procurement rates, production costs,
33 percent All Hybrids: 100 per cent Production
FHUWLÀFDWLRQ SURFHVVLQJ SDFNDJLQJ DQG RWKHU
and supply of Breeder Seeds of different crops is
over head charges. Production and distribution of
being done by the State Agricultural Universities
&HUWLÀHG 4XDOLW\VHHGVLQWKH6WDWHIURP
and Indian Council of Agricultural Research
to 2018-19 are given in Table 4.13.
(ICAR) Institutes. These organizations produce
Table 4.13: Production and Distribution of &HUWLÀHG Quality Seeds Quantity in Quintals
Particulars 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 (Target
Production 10,88,350 11,20,200 11,15,006 11,45,780
Distribution 12,65,176 13,15,191 13,06,233 13,26,235
Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19
Distribution of Seeds at Subsidized rates to ORVVHV VFLHQWLÀF VWRUDJH ELQV DUH GLVWULEXWHG WR
Farmers during 2018-19: During Kharif 2018, farmers under subsidy. 3) Pesticides are supplied
it was programmed to distribute 13 crop seeds to farmers under subsidy to control endemic
viz., Paddy, Ragi, Jowar, Maize, Bajra, Navane, and epidemic pests of important agricultural
Cowpea, Green gram, Black gram, Red gram, crops. 4) During the current year Fall Army worm
*URXQGQXW 6XQÁRZHU DQG 6R\DEHDQ FURSV DW was noticed in Maize in 17 districts. University
50% subsidy for L1 rates to farmers under State VFLHQWLVWV DQG 'HSDUWPHQW RIÀFLDOV FRQGXFWHG
sectors Seeds Supply and other investments an extensive survey and farmers were advised
Scheme. Totally 4.46 lakh quintal seeds have regarding the timely management of the pest.
been distributed and Rs.8019.58 lakhs subsidy Pesticides were also distributed to farmers under
amount is utilized for this purpose. Totally 15.17 subsidized rates for management of fall army
ODNK IDUPHUV KDYH EHHQ EHQHÀWHG 'XULQJ 5DEL worm. 5) In order to protect the crops from seed
Summer 2018-19, it is programmed to distribute and soil borne diseases and also to get higher
seeds of 12 crops under subsidy and 2.81 lakh yields, seed treatment campaigns are conducted.
quintal seeds were distributed under subsidy and 6) To create awareness among farmers regarding
it is still in progress. the safe and judicious use of pesticides, training
programmes are conducted with the available
Plant Protection : Objectives of the scheme: 1)
funds under this scheme. 7) The composite
To provide necessary techniques and technology
Inspectors of seed, fertilizer and pesticides and
along with distribution of bio-pesticides which
dealers are given training on the various input
reduce environmental pollution, under subsidy to
regulation act. Amount is also ear marked for
farmers to control insects, diseases and weeds of
meeting expenditure for drawal of seed, fertilizer
crops effectively. Bio-pesticides are distributed
and pesticides samples for quality control.
to the farmers at 50% subsidy. 2) Similarly,
SURGXFHRIWKHFURSVPXVWEHVFLHQWLÀFDOO\VWRUHG Scope of the Scheme: 1. Use of eco-friendly
in order to reduce the wastage from rats, band Bio pesticides and bio control agents by the
260
icoots, insects and diseases. To reduce the storage farmers for control or out break of insect, pests
and diseases. 2. Prevention of environmental Service Centres. In order to facilitate farmers to
pollution. 3. Reduction in loss of grains due avail the farm machinery on custom hiring basis
to Rodents, insects, diseases and moisture. 4. at the hobli level custom hire and service centres
Availability of quality in puts to the farmers. 5. were established in a phased manner from
Effective management of crop pests and diseases. 2014-15 on PPP model through charitable trusts/
6.Increase in yield of crops. Non- Government Organizations/Farm Equipment
Manufacturers. From 2014-15 to 2017-18, 433
Agricultural Implements - Farm
(175+175+83) centers have been established with
Mechanization:
a budget of Rs.17137.56 lakhs. During 2018-19,
Mechanization of Farm Operations helps
the Budget allocated is Rs.4500.85 lakhs.Till date
to reduce drudgery of farm operations,
ODNKIDUPHUVKDYHEHHQEHQHÀWHG
saves time, improves efficiency and farm
productivity. Farm Mechanization Programme Organic Farming: Organic farming is
is being implemented both under State and a technique to build up soil fertility for
Central Sector. The General farmers are sustainable production, mainly using local
provided with a subsidy of 50 per cent and and natural resources and with least external
90 per cent subsidy is provided to the farmers inputs. Production and protection of crops
belonging to Schedule Caste/Schedule Tribe PDLQO\GHSHQGRQLQGLJHQRXVZLVGRPPRGLÀHG
limited to Rs.1 lakh. The amount provided WRODWHVWVFLHQWLÀFWHFKQLTXHV2UJDQLFIDUPLQJ
under Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana is used as aims at reducing the cost of production and
matching grants with the State Fund to provide helps farmers to get more returns. Organic
the subsidy. agriculture includes all agriculture systems
that promote the environmentally, socially and
Sub-Mission on Agricultural Mechanization
economically sound production of food and
(SMAM The scheme is being implemented to
ÀEHUV 7KHVH V\VWHPV WDNH ORFDO VRLO IHUWLOLW\
promote the usage of farm mechanization and
as a key to successful production. Organic
increase the ratio of farm power to cultivable
farming is chemical free agriculture. Hence,
unit area upto 2.0 KW/ha. $ Agro-Processing:
ALLIED ACTIVITIES
organic farming is a holistic approach.
AGRICULTURE AND
Department of Agriculture is implementing
the Agro-Processing scheme under which In the process of attaining higher levels of
various agro processing equipments are food production to keep pace with population
made available to farmers, Self Help Groups growth during the past four decades, emphasis
and Farm Women at subsidized rates. This was laid on intensive agriculture practices. Thus,
encourages value addition of the farm produce RQRQHKDQGZHDFKLHYHGVHOIVXIÀFLHQF\LQIRRG
DQG LQFUHDVH WKH LQFRPH RI WKH EHQHÀFLDU\ production but on the other hand soil became
Under this Scheme, preference will be given sick, underground water depleted, environment
to distribution of Agro-Processing unit and polluted, cost of production increased and this led
Tarpaulins. Under SCP and TSP agro processing to presence of chemical residues in food products
units to SC/ST farmers groups, women SHG’s causing hazards to human beings and animals
and individual farmers will be provided with besides rendering the soils problematic due to soil
an assistance of 90% or maximum of Rs.1.00 salinization, alkalization, water logging. Micro
lakh. To protect the agriculture, produce/food QXWULHQW GHÀFLHQF\ DQG GHFOLQH LQ VRLO RUJDQLF
grains from rain, wind and other unnatural matter content has resulted in reduced water
weather conditions and to maintain quality, holding capacity, destruction of soil structure,
WKH ÀYH OD\HUHG *60-HDPE black colour GHFOLQHLQEHQHÀFLDOVRLOÁRUDDQGIDXQD
tarpaulin with different sizes is made available
In Karnataka, more than 75 per cent of the
to farmers at 50% subsidy. Under SCP and TSP,
cultivated area is still under rain-fed condition.
tarpaulins are distributed to SC/ST farmers
The State is encountering drought conditions
with an assistance of 90% (Any one type (8x6 m
frequently in the recent times. Hence to
or10x10m) of Tarpaulin will be distributed under
address all these problems and to stabilize
90% per farmer per Year).
and increase the agriculture production
% &XVWRP +LUH DQG 6HUYLFH Centres: Krishi especially in rain-fed and drought prone areas,
261
Yantra Dhare-Farm Machinery Custom Hire Government of Karnataka has brought out
State Policy on Organic Farming during March ,Q WKH ÀUVW SKDVH WKH SURJUDPPH ZDV
2004 to promote Organic Farming in the state. implemented at district level and later on it
was extended to taluk level and from the year
Main objectives of the Policy: Are to
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
2011-12 the programme has been extended to
enhance soil fertility and productivity of soils,
other Hoblis of all the 176 taluks of the state
reduce the cost of production, improve farmers’
Under this programme an area of 100ha. is
income through production of quality produce,
being converted to Model Organic Farm (which
increase the food security by encouraging the
would take a minimum of three years to
traditional crops, reduce the debt burden of
develop as an ideal organic site). Since several
farmers and enable to achieve sustenance
NGOs are pioneered in popularizing Organic
and self-respect, make environment safe
Farming amongst the farming community in
and pollution free besides protecting health
the State, the programme is being implemented
of human beings and animals, increase
in association with the NGOs.
rural employment opportunities, facilitate
farmers’ Self Help Groups for most of their Organic Mission Programmes: To give
requirements, and equip farmers to effectively maximum thrust to organic farming, the
mitigate the impact of droughts. Among the State government during 2008-09 constituted
various objectives of the policy, equipping the a state level organic farming mission
farmers to effectively mitigate the drought empowered committee. The committee
situation in rain fed and drought prone areas includes 14 progressive farmers as members
is one of the major objectives. including the chairman and nine senior
RIÀFLDOVRIWKHVWDWHJRYHUQPHQW8QGHURUJDQLF
The strategies adopted by the state for
mission programme, 174 registered organic
promotion of Organic Farming in the State
farmers associations have been selected in
are Integrated and holistic approach for
172 taluks. Through these associations 300
the promotion of Organic Farming in the
IDUPHUV EHQHÀFLDULHV KDYH EHHQ LGHQWLÀHG
State, Integration of different Developmental
in each taluk and a total of 52,200 farmers
programmes and implementation under
have been brought under the programme and
“Single Window Approach”, Implementation of
around 71,000 ha area is under conversion to
programmes through Farmers’ Associations/
organic cultivation. Lateron, around 35,200
Farmers’ Clubs/ Farmers’ Companies/
additional new farmers are being brought
Farmers Co-operatives/ Self Help Groups/ Non-
under the organic mission programme.
Government Organizations, Area approach/
Commodity approach/ Crop approach, Agriculture Development Programmes
Encouragement for Bio-mass production, Karnataka Seed Mission: Seed is an
Bio-diversity and Mixed Farming, Soil and important and crucial agricultural input. The
Water conservation practices including rain Karnataka Seed Mission Scheme is being
water harvesting, Assistance for organic implemented in the State since 2008-09 under
inputs, Assistance for value addition, on-farm RKVY. Important components like achieving
processing, storage, marketing, Assistance crop productivity through seed replacement
for organic produce processing industry and rate, identifying seed requirement and
H[SRUWSURPRWLRQ&RQYHUVLRQDQGFHUWLÀFDWLRQ production and infrastructure facilities have
of Organic farms, Research and Development in EHHQ LQFOXGHG WR VWUHQJWKHQ &HUWLÀHG 6HHG
Organic Farming, Training, extension, study 3URGXFWLRQ DQG &HUWLÀHG 6HHG GLVWULEXWLRQ
tours, publicity and propaganda, Organic programmes in the state. The objectives of
Farming syllabus in primary/secondary the scheme are: To achieve enhancement in
education, Eco-tourism. agricultural productivity through increased
SRR and Comprehensive Development of all
Model organic farming village/site
facts of seed sector in Karnataka through a
programme $V D ÀUVW VWHS WRZDUGV
mission mode approach, To make Karnataka
promotion of organic farming in the State
a Global Destination for seed production, To
and as envisaged in Organic farming policy,
identify gaps in seed requirement, production
Model organic village/site programme is
262 and infrastructure for quality seed production
being implemented in the state since 2004-
and marketing, To have farmers centric
approach in varietal development, seed demonstrations on improved technologies and
production and marketing, Programme and Cropping Systems, distribution of improved
Schemes implemented under State sector and variety seeds, inputs for Integrated Nutrient and
Central Sector Schemes Pest Management, Agricultural machinery, Pump
sets, post-harvest equipment under subsidy and
National Food Security Mission (NFSM
organization of trainings.
National Food Security Mission, which was
started during 11th Five Year Plan (Since 2007- 3. NFSM-Coarse Cereals: Under this scheme
08) has been continued for the 12th Five year provision has been made for 100 hectare area
plan also. It was programmed to achieve higher demonstrations on inter cropping with pulses.
production and productivity of Coarse Cereals
4. NFSM-Nutri Cereals: Under this scheme
and Commercial crops (Cotton and Sugarcane) in
provision has been made for 100 hectares are a
addition to Rice and Pulses for which NFSM- Rice
cluster demonstrations on improved technologies,
and NFSM-Pulses are being implemented.
distribution of improved variety seeds, inputs
1. NFSM-Rice: Under this scheme provision for Integrated Nutrient and Pest Management,
has been made for 100 hectare area cluster Pump and Sprinkler sets, under subsidy and
demonstrations o n R i c e production technologies organization of trainings.
(Direct Seeded Rice, Line sowing, m e c h a n i c a l
5.NFSM-Commercial Crops: L NFSM-Cotton:
transplanting, SRI Method etc.) and Cropping
Under this scheme provision has been made
Systems, distribution of improved variety/
for Frontline Demonstrations on intercropping
hybrid seeds, inputs for Integrated Nutrient
and integrated crop management.
and Pest Management, Agricultural machinery,
Pumpsets, Green manure seeds under subsidy LL 1)606XJDUFDQH In NFSM-Sugarcane
and organization of trainings. provision is made for Demonstration on inter
cropping and Pest Management. The progress
2. NFSM-Pulses: Under this scheme provision of NFSM for the year 2018-19 is given in Table
has been made for 100 hectare area cluster 4.14.
ALLIED ACTIVITIES
Table 4.14 NFSM Programme progress for the year 2018-19 &HQWUH 6WDWH
AGRICULTURE AND
(Rs.in lakhs)
Expenditure
Budget
Grants Grants Total (committed)
Allocated as per Expected Expenditure
Sl. No. Programme Released by Released by Grants up to end of
Annual Action up to end of March-19
GoI GoK Available November
plan
2018*
1 NFSM-Rice 1073.89 320.03 213.35 533.39 301.53 1073.89
2 NFSM- Pulses 13584.10 4075.19 2716.79 6791.98 5120.39 13584.10
NFSM- Coarse
4 1332.70 399.81 266.54 666.35 284.43 1332.70
Cereals
NFSM- Nutri
5 2783.30 835.14 556.76 1391.90 821.05 2783.30
Cereals
NFSM- Commer-
6 193.20 86.94 57.96 144.90 90.59 193.20
cial Crops
Grand Total 18967.19 5679.56 3786.37 9465.94 6618.00 18967.19
* (up to end of November 2018)
Source: Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19
Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY- the States to increase public investment
5$)7$$5 “Rashtriya Krishi Vikas in Agriculture and allied sectors and
Yojana”, Special Additional Central aims at achieving the goal of reducing
Assistance Scheme of Government of India the yield gaps in important crops and
is in implementation from 2007-08. Main thus maximizing returns to the farmers.
objective of the scheme is to reorient the Agriculture Department is nodal Department
Agriculture Development strategies for for implementation of RKVY Schemes of
rejuvenation of agriculture to meet the Agriculture and Agri-allied Departments.
263
needs/demands of farmers. It incentivizes For the year 2017-18, an amount of
Rs.378.51 crore was released and funds were lakh farm holdings exist. At present, 30 Soil
utilized for implementation of the schemes testing laboratories (29 static & 1 mobile
related to Department of Agriculture/ soil testing lab) of Agriculture Department
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
Horticulture/Animal Husbandry/Fisheries/ are catering to the needs of state farmers in
Agricultural Marketing /Sericulture/ respect of soil testing. Soil health cards are
Watershed Development, University of issued to all the farm holdings once in every
Agricultural Sciences (Bengaluru, Dharwad, two years.
Raichur) UAHS-Shivamogga, UHS-Bagalkot,
Karnataka State Seeds Corporation, 0LVVLRQ 2EMHFWLYHV 1.To issue soil health
KSSOCA, KSWC, Tur Board and KAPPEC. cards to all farmers of the Karnataka in a
span of every two years, to provide a basis to
Government of India has released an amount include nutrient deficiencies in fertilization
of Rs.52.11 crores as first instalment under practices. 2.Todiagnose soil fertility related
sharing pattern and the matching share of constraints with standardized procedures for
Rs.34.74 crores have been met by the state. sampling and analysis and design taluka/
Out of the total released amount of Rs.86.85 block level fertilizer recommendations in
crores, an amount of Rs.55.07 crore has been targeted districts. 3. To develop crop specific
utilized for various schemes up to November nutrient management in the districts for
2018. An amount of Rs.62.01 crores has
enhancing nutrient use efficiency. 4. To
been earmarked to Agriculture Department
promote soil test-based balancing of nutrients
for implementation of the schemes in the
to manage fertility related risks for higher
year 2018-19.
production. 5. To conduct demonstrations
National Mission of Oilseeds and Oil with diversified crops to quantify benefits of
Palm: NMOOP is a Centrally Sponsored improved nutrient management practices in
Scheme for the development of Oilseeds terms of increased crop yields and economic
and Oil Palm started during 2014-15 year viability of farmers.
with objective of increasing production and
([SHFWHG 2XWFRPH 1) It will promote bal-
productivity of these crops and to attain
anced and judicious use of plant nutrients,
sustainability in Agriculture. This scheme is
2) Promotion of integrated nutrient system is
continued in 2018-19. The Scheme is being
expected to reduce the consumption of chem-
implemented in 28 districts of the state.
The scheme is being implemented with 60 ical fertilizers by 20%, 3) The productivity of
per cent of Central and 40 per cent of State selected crops is expected to increase about
share. The Govt. of India has accorded the 20%, 4) The demand for organic sources of
action plan approval for Rs.1666.67 lakhs plant nutrient like bio-fertilizers, organic
with central share of Rs.1000.00 lakhs and manure, vermi-compost, slow release nitrog-
state share of Rs.666.67 lakhs for the year enous fertilizer like Neem/Sulphur coated
2018-19. urea will increase, which in turn improve the
soil fertility as well nutrient use efficiency.
Soil Health Mission: Sustaining
agricultural productivity depends on quality National Mission for Sustainable
and availability of natural resources like $JULFXOWXUH 106$ National Mission
soil and water. Agricultural growth can be for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA)
sustained by promoting conservation and programme has been launched from 2014-
sustainable use of these scarce natural 15 for enhancing agricultural productivity
resources through appropriate location especially in rainfed areas. NMSA is one of the
specific measures. The components of soils restructured schemes subsuming the four
are mineral, organic matter, water and air, the schemes namely National Mission on Micro
proportions of which vary and together form Irrigation (NMMI), National Project on Organic
a system for plant growth. Soils are studied Farming (NPOF), Soil Health & Fertility
and classified according to their use. Soil (NPMSH & F) and Rainfed Area Development
Testing is a part of the disciplined fertilizer (RAD) to focus on climate change adoption
264
use and management. In Karnataka, 78.32 in the areas of resource conservation, water
use efficiency enhancement, soil health Micro Irrigation: In order to promote
management, integrated farming system and efficient use of water in the agriculture
main streaming rainfed technologies. production, Micro irrigation programme is
being implemented since 2003-04. Under this
0LVVLRQ 2EMHFWLYHV 1) To make agriculture
programme subsidy/assistance is provided
more productive, sustainable, remunerative
for installation of drip and sprinkler
and climate resilient by promoting location
irrigation units to all categories of farmers.
specific Integrated/Composite Farming Sys-
Government of India is also providing funds
tems, 2) To conserve natural resources
for micro irrigation programme since, 2005-
through appropriate soil and moisture con-
06. During 2017-18, the micro irrigation
servation measures; 3) To adopt comprehen-
programme was implemented under Prime
sive soil health management practices based
Minister’s Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY)
on soil fertility maps, soil test based appli-
and Rural Infrastructure Development Fund
cation of macro & micro nutrients, judicious
(RIDF).
use of fertilizers etc.; 4) To optimize utili-
zation of water resources through efficient 3. Soil Health Management: This has 2
water management to expand coverage for programmes: Soil Health Management and Soil
achieving more crop per drop. Health Card.
Mission Interventions: 1.Rainfed Area De- L 6RLO +HDOWK 0DQDJHPHQW: The
velopment Programme(RAD) 2.On Farm Wa- components in this programme are setting
ter Management Programme (OFWM) 3.Soil up of village level soil testing projects,
Health Management (SHM) and Soil Health strengthening of existing soil testing labs,
Card Scheme(SHC) 4.Paramparagath Krishi setting up of new fertilizer control labs,
Vikas Yojana and (PKVY) 5. Climate Change strengthening of existing fertilizer control
and Sustainable Agriculture: Monitoring,- labs. Four mini soil testing labs were
Modelling and Networking (CCSA:MMN) procured and 66 soil testing labs (soil testing
ALLIED ACTIVITIES
labs of SAUs/KVKs/Agriculture department
Rainfed Area Development (RAD): Rainfed
AGRICULTURE AND
and Sericulture department) and 5 fertilizer
Area Development (RAD) Programme aims
control laboratories were strengthened
at promoting Integrated Farming System
during 2017-18. Sharing pattern for this
(IFS) with emphasis on multi-cropping,
programme is 60:40 (Central: State).
rotational cropping, inter-cropping, mixed-
cropping practices with allied activities LL 6RLO +HDOWK &DUGV It requires long
like horticulture, livestock, fishery, agro- period to analyses the soil samples from
forestry, apiculture etc. to enable farmers all the farm holdings and issue soil health
not only in maximizing the farm returns for cards. Soil test values will remain varied
sustaining livelihood, but also to mitigate the for a period of three years. So, soil analysis
impacts of drought, flood or other extreme should be done atleast once in 3 years.
weather events. Government of India has launched soil
health card scheme under National Mission
The scheme is being implemented in the state
for Sustainable Agriculture to issue soil
since 2014-15. The Watershed Development
health cards to all the farm holdings once
Department is overseeing implementation of
in every 2 years. So, State Government is
the scheme. During 2018-19, Government
implementing the programme with the
of India has approved the action plan for
objective of analyzing the samples from
Rs 1,668.17 lakhs on 60:40 funds sharing
all the farm holdings and issue soil health
pattern by GOI and GOK. So far Rs 553.99
cards once in every two years.First cycle
lakhs has been released from GOI along with
of soil health card programme has been
the state share of Rs 369.33 lakhs, totally Rs
successfully completed. II cycle of soil health
923.32 lakhs as 1st instalment during 2018-
card programme was started in 2017-18.
19. Second instalment is yet to be released,
Sharing pattern for this programme during
out of the 1st instalment released Rs.229.18
2018-19 is 60:40 (Central:State). 265
lakhs has been utilized.
Paramparagath Krishi Vikas Yojana under different programmes and schemes
3.9< &HQWUDO *RYHUQPHQW VFKHPH is ensured at village level through the
“Paramparagath Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY)” institution of ATMA (Agriculture Technology
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
under National Mission of Sustainable Management Agency) and Block Technology
Agriculture is being implemented in the Teams (BTTs) laid out as per the guidelines.
State from the year 2015-16 under Soil
Scheme focuses on the following key
Health Mission programme. This scheme is
extension reforms:1) Encouraging multi-
implemented on Central & State share basis
agency extension strategies involving
i.e., 60:40. The project is being implemented
Public/Private Extension Service Providers.
in all the districts & Taluks of the state in
2) Ensuring an integrated, broad-based
project areas of 50 acres (clusters) each.
extension delivery mechanism consistent
Clusters are selected adjacent to “Savayava
with farming system approach with a focus
Bhagya” villages/“Sansad Adarsh Gram
on bottom up planning process through
Yojana” villages in the rainfed areas of
farmers advisory committees. 3) Adopting
districts where traditional agriculture is
group approach to extension in line with
followed with minimal fertilizer usage
the identified needs and requirements of
as per the guidelines of PKVY. An area of
the farmers in the form of CIGs & FIGs.4)
27,250 acres is being brought under organic
Facilitating convergence of farmer centric
cultivation benefiting 25, 968 farmers in 545
programmes in planning, execution and
clusters of the state. Objective: The main
implementation. 5) Addressing gender
objective of the scheme is production of
concerns by mobilizing farm women into
quality and safe agricultural products free
groups and providing training to them.In
from chemicals & pesticides by adopting eco-
addition, the scheme provides innovative
friendly lowcost technologies that restore &
technology dissemination component in
maintain soil health. Under PKVY, organic
which the extension personnel can make
farming is promoted through adoption of
use of Handheld Devices, Pico-projector,
organic village by cluster approach and PGS
Kalajathas, Display boards etc. for the
Certification.
benefit of farm information extension.
Support to State Extension Programmes
Crop Insurance Scheme
IRU ([WHQVLRQ 5HIRUPV $70$ 6FKHPH
a. Karnataka Raitha Suraksha Pradhan
The 12th Plan Approach Paper by Ministry of
Mantri Fasal Bima Yojane: As per GOI
Agriculture and Cooperation, Government of
directions the State has implemented
India identified several challenges faced by the
Karnataka Raitha Suraksha Pradhan Mantri
Agricultural Extension and gave suggestions
Fasal Bima Yojane from Kharif 2016 season
to deal with the same. Some of these include
onwards. The scheme is compulsory for
integrating Krishi Vigyan Kendra’s (KVKs),
loanee farmers and voluntary for non-loanee
problem solving skills and the feed-back they
farmers. All the payable claims shall be the
provide to State Agriculture Universities
responsibility of the Insurance Companies.
(SAUs) and National Agriculture Research
The Insurance Companies will quote
System (NARS) with Agriculture Technology
Actuarial/commercial rates of premium, but
Management Agency (ATMA Scheme) and
farmers will pay the fixed rates of premium
thereby strengthening the district plans and
(Table 4.17) and remaining premium will
schemes. The aim of the Mission is capacity
be shared equally by both Government of
building and institution strengtheningto
promote mechanization, make available Karnataka and Government of India.
quality seeds, plant protection etc. and
Table: 4 . 1 5 : Farmers Premium
encourage the aggregation of farmers into
Farmers Interest Groups (FIGs) thereby Kharif Rabi
to go for formation of Farmer Producer 2.00 per cent of Sum 1.50 per cent of Sum
Organizations (FPOs). Use of interactive Insured Insured
and innovative methods of information 5.00 per cent of Sum 5.00 per cent of Sum
266 Insured Insured
dissemination are used and convergence
During Kharif 2018, 36 Food, Oil seeds, Companies. During Kharif 2018-19,11
Annual Commercial & Horticulture crops Annual Commercial and Horticulture crops
were notified viz., Paddy (I), Paddy (RF), viz.,Green Chillies (IRR & RF), Cauliflower,
Maize(I), Maize (RF), Jowar (I), Jowar (RF), Mango, Grapes, Pomegranate, Lime, Papaya,
Ragi (I), Ragi (RF), Bajra(I), Bajra (RF), Areca nut, Betel vine & Black pepper are
Navane (RF), Save (RF), Black gram (RF), Tur notified. The actuarial premium rates are
(I), Tur (RF), Green gram (RF), Horse gram charged under the scheme, but Farmers
(RF), Soyabean (I), Soyabean (RF), Sesamum would pay concessional rate of premium i.e.
(RF), Castor (RF), Sunflower (I), Sunflower 5%. The difference in the premium will be
(RF), Groundnut (I), Groundnut (RF), Cotton borne by State and Central Governments on
(I), Cotton (RF), Onion (I), Onion (RF), Potato 50: 50 basis.
(I), Potato(RF), Red Chillies (I), Red Chillies
During Rabi 2018-19, three Horticulture
(RF), Tomato, Cabbage, and Turmeric.
crops viz., Mango, Grapes, and Green
During Rabi & Summer 2018-19 KRS-
Chillies (I) are notified. The insurance
PMFBY is implemented in all the Districts
companies implemented R-WBCIS during
except Bangalore (Rural) and Bangalore
Kharif 2018 are SBI GIC, Reliance GIC
(Urban).
and HDFC ERGO except Mandya, Mysuru
During Rabi 2018-19, 22 crops are being and Chamarajanagar district and SBI GIC
notified viz., Paddy (I),Maize (I), Maize (RF), implementing the scheme during rabi 2018-
Jowar (I), Jowar (RF), Ragi (I), Ragi (RF), 19 in all notified 10 districts.
Wheat (I), Wheat (RF), Bengal gram (I),
Minimum Support Price: Commission for
Bengal gram (RF), Black gram (RF), Green
Agricultural Costs and Prices, Government
gram (RF), Horse gram (RF), Linseed (RF), of India collects the information and views
Safflower (RF), Sunflower (I), Sunflower (RF), from all State Governments/Stake holders
Groundnut (RF), Onion (I), Potato (I) and and recommends Minimum Support Prices
Tomato. During Summer 6 crops are being for various crops to the Union Govt for fixing
ALLIED ACTIVITIES
notified viz., Paddy (I), Ragi (I), Groundnut the MSP of various crops. Procurement
AGRICULTURE AND
(I), Sunflower (I), Onion (I) and Tomato. of commodities is undertaken by Food
Taluk-wise major crops were notified at Corporation of India, NAFED, KOF and other
Gram Panchayath level and other crops State Agencies in the event of market price
were notified at Hobli level. The insurance falling below MSP.
companies implementing PMFBY during Minimum Floor Price Scheme: Minimum
Kharif, Rabi and summer 2018-19 are Floor Price Scheme is operated in Karnataka
Agriculture Insurance Company of India for perishable commodities like onion,
Ltd., Universal Sompo GIC, United India potato, tomato and green chillies. The
Insurance Company, Reliance General Agricultural Marketing Department arranges
Insurance Company, New India GIC and for the procurement on these commodities
Future General Insurance GIC. through HOPCOMS, MARKFED and other
b. Weather Based Crop Insurance Scheme state agencies in the districts/taluks after
:%&,6 The scheme is being implemented the sanction of cabinet sub-committee.
from Kharif 2016. The scheme compensates Integrated Scheme for Oilseeds, Oil
the insured farmers against the likelihood 3DOP DQG 0DL]H ,62320 ISOPOM is
of financial loss on account of anticipated a Centrally Sponsored Scheme for the
loss in crop yield resulting from incidence development of Oil seeds, Pulses, Oil Palm
of adverse weather conditions and will and Maize implemented since 2004-05
cover the risk of weather parameters like (10 th five year plan). The main objective
rainfall, relative humidity, temperature, of ISOPOM is to increase production and
wind velocity etc., The scheme is compulsory attain sustainability in these crops.
for loanee farmers and voluntary for non- w.e.f. April 2010 Pulses have been
loanee farmers. All the payable claims included under NFSM. The sharing pattern 267
shall be the responsibility of the Insurance between central and state is in the
ratio 75:25. In Karnataka, the Scheme is Sericulture and Organic Farming. 10 lakh
being implemented in all the 30 districts. small and marginal farmers including two
Under this Scheme, the provision of 50 lakh SC and one lakh ST farmers will be given
KARNATAKA
per cent subsidy is extended to distribute Rs.10,000 for maximum of two acres in two
HAND BOOK OF
certified seeds, inputs which are necessary equal instalments of Rs. 5,000 each through
for Block Demonstration, IPM and FFS banks to take up the proposed activity and
Demonstrations viz., Rhizobium/PSB, NPV, thereby improving the economic status
Gypsum/Pyrites and micronutrients, water of those small and marginal farmers. The
convey pipes, Plant Protection chemicals incentives are given only for rainfed area
and Plant Protection equipments. farmers and the catchment area farmers
are not eligible to get the incentives of this
Bhoo Chetana: Bhoochetana is a novel
scheme. An amount of Rs.1,000 crore is
mission mode, science-based project
allocated for this scheme.
implemented by Government of Karnataka
since 2009-10 to increase the productivity Initiative for Nutritional Security
of selected rainfed crops by 20 per cent in Through Intensive Millets Promotion
four years. Initially it was implemented in 3URJUDPPH ,16,03 This new initiative
16 districts and now has been extended to was started by GOI during 2011-12 to
all the 30 districts of the state. ICRISAT, demonstrate the improved production and
Watershed Development Department and post-harvest technologies for millets in an
three State Agriculture Universities are integrated manner. Considering the fact that
consortium partners. For the year 2012- millets are the major food crops in Karnataka
13, Bhoochetana programme will cover the covering an area of 23 lakh ha but the
target area of 50 lakh hectare in rainfed current yield is less than the potential, this
area and 5 lakh hectares in irrigated area programme becomes significant to fill the
(irrigated paddy and sugarcane). About 42 gap. During 2011-12, in Kharif season this
lakh farmers have been registered under programme was implemented in15 districts
this programme. Along with technical i.e., Bengaluru(U), Bagalkot, Belagavi,
message, required micronutrients, Gypsum, Ballari, Chitradurga, Davanagere, Haveri,
Biofertilizers and other inputs are made Tumakuru, Vijayapura, Chamarajanagara,
available to farmers at cluster village level at Raichur, Dharwad, Gadag, Koppal and
50 per cent subsidy in 747 Raitha Samparka Gulburga in Jowar, Bajra, Ragi, Foxtail
Kendras, 4,953 cluster villages with the Millet and Little Millet covering an area of
services of 9,711 Farmer facilitators and 47,360 hectares and 47,896 farmers. In Rabi
48,500 lead farmers. About 8,900 Farmer season the programme was implemented
Field Schools were conducted successfully in five districts i.e., Bidar, Chitradurga,
for transfer of production technology Gadag, Dharwad and Koppal in Rabi Jowar
to farmers. It is proposed to capitalize crop covering area of 11,000 hectares and
on the success of the first phase of the 10,900 farmers. INSIMP programme was
Bhoochetana project and convert into effectively implemented in the state through
Bhoochetana phase-2. Bhoochetana phase-2 supply of free input kit and seed minikit to
will be implemented for five years (2013-14 the farmers, five days Training regarding
to 2017-18). All 30 districts of the State will production technologies, steps taken for
be covered. Department of Agriculture is the setting up of 300 post-harvest technologies
nodal department. centers at 20 Krishi Vignana Kendras and
private entrepreneurs and seven millet
Suvarna Bhoomi Yojane: Suvarna Bhoomi
melas organised for creating awareness on
Yojane Scheme is being implemented from
millet nutrition by three state agricultural
the year 2011-12. The objective of this
universities. Govt. of India has provided
scheme is to give incentive to farmers to shift
budget outlay of Rs.26.57 crore under RKVY
from low income crops to high income crops
for the year 2011-12 and Rs.25.94 crore
namely, Pulses, Oil seeds and Bt cotton. The
expenditure has been made under this
incentive is also extended to other activities
268 namely, Biofuel, Horticulture, Apiculture, Scheme. Allocation for the year 2013-14 is
Rs.13.50 crore.
Flagship Programmes: Bhoosamrudhi 2EMHFWLYHV The main objective of the
programme was initiated from 2013-14 scheme is to improve rain fed agriculture
to improve the livelihood of rural people. scenario with the efficient management of
Agriculture Department was designated rainwater, to enhance the farm productivity.
as Nodal Department to chalk out new Thrust is being given to conserve rainwater
strategies and formulate programmes from and utilization of the collected water to
the existing schemes of Agriculture and irrigate the crop at critical stages of the crop
allied departments. “International Crops growth. The programme was implemented
Research Institute for the Semi-Arid in 23 districts of the State during 2014-15
Tropics” (ICRISAT) has been designated covering 107 taluks of five major dryland
as nodal agency on behalf of C.G.I.A.R zones and further during the year 2015-
institutions to implement the programme. 16, the scheme was extended to 131 taluks
Further, from 2015-16 to 2018-19 as second of 25 districts where the average annual
phase of Bhoosamrudhi, project is being
rainfall was less than 850 mm. During 2016-
implemented in four districts viz. Bidar,
17 another taluk was added making the total
Chikkaballapura, Dharwad and Udupi.
132 taluks across 25 districts. From 2017-
2EMHFWLYHV 1) To increase crop yields by 20 18, owing to the demand from the farming
per cent, 2) To increase farmers income by community, the scheme is extended to
25% over a period of four years. 3) To increase all the districts of the state excluding
the skill of agriculture-allied Departments command areas.
officers and research scientists and farmers
capacity Honorarium to Techno Promoters Components: Krishi Bhagya was
Honorarium to Techno Promoters’ programme implemented in form of package from the
is implemented to draw soil samples and year 2014-15 to 2016-17. The components
effective implementation of demonstrations provided to farmers under subsidy for this
under Centrally Sponsored Schemes through year are construction of Farm Pond to
Techno Promoters during 2018-19. collect the runoff water, Lining of ponds
ALLIED ACTIVITIES
with Polythene Lining/alternate lining to
Krishi Bhagya Karnataka is predominantly
AGRICULTURE AND
avoid percolation losses, distribution of
an agrarian state wherein nearly 68% of the
cultivated area is under rainfed farming. Diesel Pump set to lift the stored water,
About 55% of food grain production and 75% distribution of Micro irrigation (Sprinkler/
oilseed production comes from rainfed area Drip) sets to irrigate the crops and shade net
in the State. The scope for increasing the around the farm ponds to avoid evaporation
irrigation potential in the state is limited losses and accidental deaths.
in view of its geographical position as an Outcome From the year 2014-15 to
upper riparian state and further the close Nov.2018 end, totally 2.34 lakh farm ponds
analysis of rainfall pattern indicates that
(Krishi Bhagya-Farm ponds-2,08,882 and
3 to 4 years in every decade the state face
convergence with watershed dept-25,367
severe drought, sometimes consecutively
farm ponds) and 2,460 polyhouse/shade net
also. A vast majority of dryland area receive
have been constructed under the scheme by
an annual average rainfall of 450 to 700
utilizing Rs.2,312.19 crore (Krishi Bhagya-
mm, which is highly erratic and unevenly
Rs.2,127.95 Crores+convergence with other
distributed in cropping seasons. Reduced
schemes Rs.184.24 Crores). Further, as
rainy days and increased rainfall intensity
per the evaluation reports of University of
as a resultant of climate change has added
undesirable dimension to the sustainability Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, Dharwad
of rainfed ecosystem in the state. In order to and Shivamogga, this scheme has enabled
address these issues, Krishi Bhagya scheme the farmers to: 1. Grow high value vegetables
is being implemented in the state from 2014- and flower crops in polyhouses/shade net
15 mainly to help farmers by making dry fetching higher yield and income. 2. It has
land farming not only sustainable but also helped in generating employment and thus
lucrative by harvesting surplus water and preventing the migration of youths from the
using it as a lifesaving resource. rural area. 3. Use of stored water through 269
drip/sprinkler has led to increase water cuttings, 12) Pest & Diseases management,
use efficiency and area under irrigation. Bio-pesticides, parasites, predators etc.,
4. Adoption of the scheme has helped in 13) Plastic drums for preparation of
KARNATAKA
botanicals, 14) Community Seed Bank,
HAND BOOK OF
improving the standard of living and socio-
economic status of the farmers. 5. Increase Community Library, 15) Honey bee boxes
in value of the farm assets. & honey harvestors, 16) Value addition,
Processing, Packing, Marketing, 17)
For the year 2018-19 under Special
Consumer Awareness programme, 18) Photo
Development Programme Rs.6,291 lakhs was
Documentation, 19) Internal Control System
allocated out of which Rs.1,572.75 lakh was
& Group Certification, 20) Documentation
released and up to end of November Rs.649.99
of Traditional Practices, Success Stories.
lakh was spent. Savayava Bhagya Yojan, this
mega programme initiated during the latter Raitha Samparka Kendra: The Department
part of 2013-14 is an extension of the earlier of Agriculture under “Raitha Mitra Yojana”
Organic village/site programme to hobli level established 742 Raitha Samparka Kendra’s
with few modifications in its implementation (RSKs), one per Hobli to provide services
viz. developing good marketing linkages and information required by the farmers
and market development for the organic at a single point. Based on the various agro
produce of the state. Important features of climatic zones of the State, the new good
the programme: Programme implemented production technologies and skills are being
in 566 hoblies of the state. Programme implemented in the farmers’ field aiming to
implemented in association with the NGOs. increase the Food production levels under
In the implementation area (100 ha.), the this scheme. Bi-monthly and Fortnightly
beneficiary farmers will be organized into training programmes are being conducted
an association and this association will be at district level and taluk level respectively,
registered. Constitution of Site Committee to continuously upgrade and update the
comprising representatives from farmers latest agricultural technologies and also the
associations, NGO representative and professional teaching skills of the Extension
Department officer to prepare action plan workers and Department Officers.
for implementation of the Programme. To strengthen the Raitha Samparka Kendras
Various components carried out in each for effective implementation of Department
100-hectare block under Savayava Bhagya programmes and technology transfer, the
Yojane 1) Identification of the project area students graduating from Agriculture and
100 ha. contiguous block, 2) Bench Mark Horticulture Universities are deputed atleast
survey of Project area, 3) The farmers of for 3 months to Raitha Samparka Kendras
the area organized to form association for acquiring minimum practical skills, field
& registration of farmers groups, 4) experience and knowledge.
Site committee constitution comprising Scheme to provide relief to the families of
representatives from farmers associations, the farmers who have committed suicide:
NGO representative and Department officer This scheme was launched during 2003-04
to prepare action plan for implementation
to provide Rs. One lakh as a relief to families
of the Programme in that block, 5) Training,
of farmers committing suicide on account of
Capacity Building, Study Tours & Field
the heavy burden of loans borrowed from the
days, 6) Publicity-Pamphlets, Folders,
institutional agencies. This relief amount
Posters, Wall Paintings, C.D, Exhibition,
has been enhanced to Rs.5.00 lakhs for
Booklets, 7) Green manure seeds, azolla
each of the deceased family with effect from
pits, bio-digester units, Gobar gas units, 8)
01.04.2015. A budget provision of Rs.3000
Compost & Vermi Compost Units, cow urine
lakhs has been made for the scheme during
pits, cement pits for preparation of liquid
2018-19 and an amount of Rs.3589 lakhs has
manure viz. panchagavya, jeevamrutha etc,
been released from Government. An amount
9) Bio-fertilizers, organic manures, enriched
of Rs. 3164.65 lakhs has been utilized up to
270 manure, oil cakes etc., 10) Organic Seeds the end of November 2018. Relief to family of
& Seedling, 11) Perennial Fodder seeds &
farmer/agricultural labourer who died due
to accidental death from snake bite, fall from and Farm Women at the DATCs. Funds
trees and other accidental death occurred are also provided for strengthening basic
while carrying out agricultural activities and infrastructure and up-gradations of DATCs.
compensations for loss of fodder / hay from
Initiatives taken up by the Department
fire accidents:
of Agriculture
This scheme was launched during 2010-11 a) Promotion of Millets: The State has been
to provide Rs. 1 Lakh as a relief to family witnessing successive drought in the past
of a farmer/agricultural labourer who dies six years due to failure of timely rains and
due to accidental death from snake bite, climate change. To overcome this, the State
fall from trees and other accidental death Government decided to promote drought
occurred while carrying out agricultural resistant millets like Ragi (Finger millet),
activities. Compensation for loss of fodder/ Bajra (Pearl millet), Navane (Foxtail millet),
hay from fire accidents is also provided Saame (Little millet), Haraka (Kodo millet),
up to a maximum limit of Rs.10,000. As Oodalu (Barnyard millet) and Korale (Brown
per Government Order No.kru e77 ruyoka Top millet). Millets require 70% less water
2018 dated 20-8-2018 the compensation is than Rice. They require no pesticides and
increased from Rs. One lakh to Rs.2 lakhs as minimal chemical fertilizers making them
a relief to the family of farmers/agricultural mostly organic and environment friendly.
labourers died due to accidental death They are low cost crops and can be grown well
from snake bites, fall from trees and other even in marginal lands, with low rainfall.
accidental death occurred while carryout They are also termed as the last standing
agricultural activities. Compensation for loss crop in times of drought.
of fodder/hay from fire accidents is increased
to a maximum of Rs.20,000 with immediate At the same time they are nutritionally
effect. A budget provision of Rs.1,035 lakhs superior to many cereals and have medicinal
has been made during 2018-19. An amount value because of their high fibre content,
ALLIED ACTIVITIES
of Rs.444.37 lakhs has been released and higher amount of protein including all the
AGRICULTURE AND
Rs.334.73 lakhs has been utilized up to end essential amino acids, good cholesterol, and
of November 2018. Sanction of Crop loans to the same amount of calcium and iron. The
the farmers through Commercial Banks and millets are considered as miracle grains,
Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) at 3%. that’s why they are also known as “Siri
Dhanya”. The State Government organized
This scheme was launched during 2009- an “Organics & Millets 2017-National Trade
10 to provide zero percent interest subsidy Fair”, from April 28 to April 30, 2017 & also
for short term agricultural crop loans “Organics & Millets 2018 at the International
through Commercial Banks and Regional Trade Fair”, from January 19 to st 21, 2018
Rural Banks up to Rs.1,00,000 for the at Bengaluru. The fairs witnessed a huge
farmers who will repay the principal amount success and 2nd edition of ‘Organics and
along with the interest before due date fixed Millets 2019 International Trade Fair’ was
by the banks, and 3% interest up to Rs.10 held from 18th to 20th January 2019 at
lakhs. A budget provision of Rs. 1,000 lakhs Bengaluru.
has been made during 2018-19. An amount
of Rs.1000 lakhs have been released. As on b) Karnataka Agriculture Price Commission:
November 2018 an amount of Rs.1000 lakhs Karnataka Agriculture Price Commission is
have been released to SLBC. constituted to investigate the issues related
agriculture produce prices and marketing
Trainings in Agricultural Technology: and to recommend suitable policy measures
Training programmes (3/5/6 days) are being to ensure remunerative prices to farmers.
conducted for Farmers/Farm Women and Karnataka is the first state in the country
Extension workers to train them in advanced to form Agricultural Price Commission. To
Agricultural Technology, adoption and enable State Government to fix suitable
Agricultural Extension Skills. Farmers study prices to Agriculture & Horticultural 271
tour is also being conducted for Farmers commodities, KAPC is submitting report
sand recommendations / suggestions KAPC in collaboration with national level
to Government which are helpful in prestigious institutions viz., ISEC, IIHR,
formulating Price policies. IIPM, National Law College etc. has taken
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
up studies on 19 different policy related
Based on the KAPC cost of cultivation
issues concerned with agriculture growth
reports of 2014-15, 2015-16 and 2016-
and development. Based on the outcome
17, the State Government has procured
of these studies KAPC will be submitting
Paddy, Ragi, Red Gram, Jowar, Copra and
a report to the Government with policy
Coconut by giving additional incentives to
recommendation.
farmers and thereby protecting the interest
of the farming community. As per the KAPC KAPC as an advisory body is keeping
reports of 2015, State Government procured abreast with national level policies related
maximum quantity of Ragi and distributed to agriculture market and prices. To
through Public Distribution System ensure remunerative prices Government of
under ‘Anna Bhagya’ scheme. Similarly, India initiated three new schemes Viz., 1.
Government acted to procure Red gram Market Assurance Scheme (MAS), 2. Price
(Tur) from farmers and distributed through Deficiency Payment Scheme(PDPS) & 3.
PDS, thereby protecting the interest of Private Procurement and Stockiest Scheme
farmers and consumers. Also, based on the (PPSS). Recently, KAPC organized a National
cost of cultivation reports of KAPC, State Workshop on these schemes by inviting all
Government-initiated action to stabilize the the stake holders and the policy makers
market prices of Onion, Arecanut and other from different parts of the country. On its’
crops through market intervention. part KAPC has submitted recommendations
to State Government and is contemplating
During 2017-18, the State Government
to implement PDPS for Onion and Tomato
had announced additional incentive of Rs.
by considering the experience of Haryana.
400 per quintal of Ragi and Jowar over
Similarly, KAPC organized a brain storming
and above the MSP announced by Central
meeting on adopting these schemes for oil
Government. For Tur, by giving a bonus of
seeds and will be making recommendations
Rs.550 per quintal Government of Karnataka
to the Government.
has procured record quantity of 33.58 lakh
quintals benefiting about 2.8 lakh farmers. Price Commission is also putting its’ efforts
A scientific analysis of production cost, on developing web-based Decision Support
price forecasting, marketing etc., of 26 System (DSS) platform for analyzing market
major Agriculture and Horticulture crops situation, price forecasting which helps the
for 2017-18 was done by KAPC by collecting policy makers to take decision on market
data from 1965 farmers in 90 taluks spread intervention. One such online Dashboard
across 24 districts with the assistance of called “Krishi Dharane Vishleshana Phalak”
Cost of Cultivation and Market Intelligence (KRIPA) has been launched. KAPC is also
Cells (COCMIC) setup in 5 universities of in touch with the software giant IBM India
Agricultural Sciences in the State. Ltd., to explore the possibility of developing
AI & ML (Artificial Intelligence & Machine
KAPC strives to provide good market and Learning) based state of the art solutions to
remunerative prices to the farmers and agriculture.
thereby enhancing the farmers’ income
and welfare through integrated measures. Price Commission has also looked into Non-
KAPC is working on the task through Price measures to enhance farmers’ income.
a coordinated effort of universities, Study on quantification of reduction in cost
development departments, district of cultivation by use of farm machinery in
administration, institutions etc. In this major agriculture and horticulture crops
regard KAPC has initiated Pilot Project on has helped to increase the use of machinery
among farmers and there by enhancing their
“Enhancing Farmers’ Income and Welfare in
income. Supporting to this, four Agriculture
selected eight villages across different Agro
272 and Horticultural Universities are given
Climatic Zones in Collaboration with KVK’s.
short term projects on consolidation of the extending KSWAN-2 (Karnataka State Wide-
existing low-cost technologies and their Area Network) connectivity to all offices of
cost economics in view to popularize those the Department of Agriculture.
technologies among farming community.
Department of Agriculture has redesigned
In addition to this, KAPC is continuously the existing “Raitha Mitra” website
interacting and exchanging views with (bilingual) so as to provide timely information
Farmers, Farmer Leaders, experts, NGOs, on various schemes, Rate Contracts of
Various Government Departments and the inputs, Market Information, Weather
other senior officers through discussions, forecast, Tender Notification etc., Further,
Seminars, Workshops etc., to bring for the first time in the State, the Department
in harmony between farmers and the has developed and provided an interactive
Government. platform, “Raitha Snehi-Interaction”- in
c) Raitha Sahayavani Kendra (Farmers order to address the queries of the farmers
helpline Centre): The State Department of / public. The farmers / public can send
Agriculture has farmers’ helpline called queries related to agriculture either in
“Raitha Sahayavani Kendra” to provide Kannada or English to the Department
information pertaining to agriculture and through this platform and receive solutions
allied subjects for farming community in to their mobiles and e-mails. In addition,
local language. Farmers are facilitated to the farmers can share audio or videos in
make toll free call on Phone No.1800 425 this website with respect to innovative
3553. The centre functions from 7.00 am agriculture practice for all others to view
to 9.00 pm on all days. Two subject matter and follow.
specialists are entrusted to receive the calls f) Telemetric Raingauge Stations: Rainfall
and provide information to the farmers. On is the most important indicator in the
an average 75-100 calls are received per day. determination of drought. The spatial and
d) Kisan call Centre: Kisan call centres are temporal variability of rainfall is very high
ALLIED ACTIVITIES
set up in the country by Central Government in the semi-arid and arid areas prone to
AGRICULTURE AND
to make agriculture knowledge available drought. Hence, to capture the realistic and
at free of cost to the farmers as and when location specific weather parameters like
desired. The Call Centres can be accessed Rainfall, Relative Humidity, Temperature,
by farmers all over the country on common Wind Velocity etc. and to assess the impact
toll-Free Number 1800 180 1551. of such weather on Agricultural and
Horticultural crops the State had taken up
e) The e-Governance initiatives undertaken
establishment of Telemetric Rain Gauges
by the Department: Department has taken
and Telemetric Weather stations since 2007.
steps to strengthen the extension system
by greater use of modern Information Agriculture Department had allotted grants
and Communication Technology (ICT) under RKVY to Karnataka State Natural
applications from RSK to Secretariat Disaster Monitoring Centre (KSNDMC) for
(Agriculture) to meet the core functions establishing GPRS enabled solar powered
of the Department viz., service delivery, Telemetric Rain Gauges at Gram Panchayath
information dissemination, public grievances level and Telemetric Weather Stations at
and redressal, schemes/programme hobli level. So far, KSNDMC has installed
implementation and to have interfaces with 6258 Telemetric Rain Gauges which include
other Departments through implementation Pattana Panchayaths, Hobli headquarters
of K-Kisan (Karnataka – Krishi Information and all the Gram Panchayaths in the State.
Services and Networking) Project. Under Telemetric Weather Stations have been
this project the Department has developed installed in all the 747 hobli headquarters
application modules through NIC for and 173 micro watersheds. The data
implementation of Farm Mechanization/ received from these stations combined with
Micro Irrigation, Krishi Bhagya, Agro gram panchayat level weather forecast is
Processing etc. e-Governance Department is being used to provide weather related Alerts, 273
Early warnings and Agro-Met advisories centres have given paramount importance
to the officers and farmers through SMS to soil and water conservation research and
and a 24x7 interactive help desk “VARUNA developed techniques for effective soil and
KARNATAKA
MITRA”.
HAND BOOK OF
water conservation in the semi-arid region.
g) Agro-met Advisories through Mobile SMS: B. Post-Independence Era: Phase-I. Conventional
Agriculture Department in coordination Soil and water Conservation period: (up to
with Karnataka State Natural Disaster 1970): During the 1st Five Year plan (1951-
Monitoring Centre (KSNDMC) has 1956), scientists and planners were very much
commenced giving weather and crop aware of the soil erosion problems existing in
advisories in Kannada directly to the WKHFRXQWU\EXWWKHVFLHQWLÀFVROXWLRQVWRWDFNOH
farming community through SMSto their these problems were not available at that time.
mobile phones. At present weather and Therefore, the Government had established
crop advisories are disseminated to about 30 nine Soil conservation research demonstration
lakh farmers in the State. This information and training centres in the country during 1st
is helping the Farming Community for and 2nd Five year plans and one such centre
planning and taking up their Agricultural was established in Ballari (1954) in Karnataka.
Activities. The focus was on development of soil and water
WATERSHED DEVELOPMENT conservation techniques to support farming
Karnataka State is predominantly in arid and semi-arid regions for effective soil
agriculture based with more than 70% of erosion control and insitu moisture conservation.
its population depending on agriculture Mysore State Government passed an Act and rules
and its allied activities. Total geographical for land improvement during 1960s and further
area of State is 190.50 lakh hectares, out of the Government of India also launched River
which 129.70 lakh hectares area is available Valley Projects in the year 1962. The projects
for watershed interventions. So for 66.88 and programmes of soil and water conservation
lakh hectares rainfed area is brought under remained as Government programmes, without
watershed interventions. The remaining people’s participation and without integration
area of 62.82 lakh hectares is planned for of other sectors like horticulture, forestry and
scientific watershed interventions in a animal husbandry.
phased manner.
Phase-II. Integrated Approach for Soil and water
History of Watershed Development: A. Pre- Conservation: (1970 to 1985): During 1970’s
Independence Era: Soil conservation and rainfed Agriculture was given importance and at the
land development activities have been in same time, the idea of multi-disciplinary approach
practice, since the art of Agriculture was to tackle the problems of dry land farming was
initiated. Kings, Emperors and Rulers also conceived. ICAR started All India Co-ordinate
of the ancient India have taken up such Research Project for Dry land Agriculture during
activities like construction of village 1971 and in Karnataka AICRP for Dry land was
ponds, tanks and road side plantations. The started in three places, namely GKVK-Bengaluru,
British Imperial Government took steps ARS-Vijayapura and CSWCRTI-Ballari. Later, the
to control the problem of soil erosion and Operational Research Projects were established to
water conservation. The Royal Commission disseminate the research results to the farmer’s
constituted by the Imperial Government ÀHOG*RYHUQPHQWRI,QGLDODXQFKHG'3$3
suggested several measures to combat the 74) to tackle problems faced by those areas
severe droughts prevailing in the country. constantly affected by severe drought conditions
Recommendation for establishment of ZLWK DQ REMHFWLYH RI WDNLQJ XS GURXJKW SURRÀQJ
dry land research stations was the most measures. Again, during 1977-78, DDP was
important among other measures of the started based on recommendation of National
Government Out of the Five Dry Land Commission on Agriculture in its reports (1974
Research Stations (DLRS) established in the DQG WRPLWLJDWHWKHHIIHFWRIGHVHUWLÀFDWLRQ
274 country, three were established in Karnataka and adverse climatic condition on crops, human
at Vijayapura, Hagari and Raichur. These and livestock population. During this period also,
the Soil and water conservation activities were (KSDA) was the nodal agency. The Watershed
lacking people’s participation, even though it Development Department was started during the
attained momentum for integrated approach for year 2000 to make the watershed development
watershed development. a more professional and to implement the
watershed programmes on more co-ordinated
Phase-III. Consolidation of Co-ordination / and in an integrated manner. The concept of
Integration and initiation of the concept of Peoples SHRSOH·V SDUWLFLSDWLRQ ZDV UHÀQHG UHGHÀQHG
Participation: (1985 to 2000): The projects under and strengthened by way of restructuring the
phase 2 amply demonstrated potential of dry guidelines for implementation of NWDPRA (Jana
land technologies using integrated approach in sahabhagithva 2002) and Area Development
watershed development. However, implementation Programmes like DPAP / DDP / IWDP (Hariyali
suffered due to lack of co-ordination among 2003) by GoI. Even though initially all the
different sectors. Therefore, to address these watershed development projects implemented by
problems of co-ordination, World Bank assisted KSDA were transferred to WDD, the projects of
projects like Kabbalanala Watershed Project ADP were also transferred to WDD, later in the
ZDV LPSOHPHQWHG ZKHUH WKH RIÀFHUV year 2005.
from Agriculture, Horticulture and Forest
Creation of Watershed Development Department
Departments were brought together under a single
in Karnataka: In the background of growing
administrative leadership of Project Director.
population in the State with a consequent
Government of Karnataka established four Dry
increasing demand for food grains, was strongly
Land Development Boards (DLDBs) at Revenue
felt for bringing large tracts of rainfed / dry land
Divisions to implement the District Watershed
area (nearly 79 per cent) under watershed treatment
Projects. A State Watershed Development Cell to increase productivity. Different Departments
(SWDC) was also set up at State level, headed by like the Agriculture, which was implementing
a Director, to co-ordinate the activities with policy different soil and water conservation programmes
makers and other development Departments in and watershed projects, the RD&PR implementing
UHVSHFWRIWHFKQLFDOÀQDQFLDODQGDGPLQLVWUDWLYH
ALLIED ACTIVITIES
various rural development programmes having,
problems.
AGRICULTURE AND
watershed concept as a component through
Projects like NWDP (1985) and NWDPRA Panchayath Raj Institutions, the Horticulture,
(1992) were launched by Government of India. Forest, and Animal Husbandry Departments were
also carrying out various watershed programmes.
Dr. Hanumantha Rao Committee (1993) was
In addition, there is also a component of non-land
also constituted to identify the strategies to
based activities in watershed development and
LPSURYH WKH LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ HIÀFLHQF\ RI $UHD
participation of NGOs and village committees.
Development Programmes like DPAP, DDP
Therefore, the GoK considered various aspects
and IWDP. Dr. Hanumantha Rao’s Committee
including commitment given in the context of
recommended for providing responsibility to
an externally aided project and decided that
local people’s institutions, in planning, execution
better co-ordination in planning, implementation
and maintenance of watershed projects (1995).
and supervision would be achieved by setting
Watershed development approach has undergone
up a separate department of watershed with
a transformation to make it stronger. On one
multi disciplinary teams. With this prime
hand, the watershed development approach has
aim, to develop watershed in an integrated
been consolidated on the principle of integration
and coordinated manner, the Government of
and co-ordination, but on the other hand, the
Karnataka created Watershed Development
people’s participation has not gained the expected
Department vide order AHD: 206:AML.94 (Vol-
momentum.
III) dated 31.12.1999 and it came into effect
Phase-IV. Watershed Development Department from 01.04.2000. This Department is given the
(WDD: 2000 onwards): Soil and water responsibility of coordinating the formulation,
conservation, a pre-requisite for the farming planning and execution of different activities
VHFWRU WR ÁRXULVK VWDUWHG ZLWK D PDVVLYH ÀHOG of Agriculture, soil conservation, afforestation,
bunding programme, which has undergone a horticulture, livestock, pasture development and
horizontal and vertical transformation up to year income generation activities etc., in an integrated
275
2000 and Karnataka State Dept of Agriculture manner on the watershed concept.
Karnataka State watershed development horticulture produces in project areas. Component
approach / interventions has been 5: Project Management and Coordination: It would
widely acknowldeged for its effective HQVXUHHIIHFWLYHDQGHIÀFLHQWSURMHFWPDQDJHPHQW
KARNATAKA
and would provide incremental support to
HAND BOOK OF
implementation, community based and use
of scientific tools to address the needs of Watershed Development Department.
rainfed agriculture in the rural area of the
7KHSURMHFWDFWLYLWLHVDLPDWSURYLGLQJVFLHQWLÀF
State. The community based watershed
planning tools through generation of data of Land
approach of the State is being widely
Resource Inventory (LRI), Hydrological Studies,
adapted by many States of the country.
Baseline studies, weather data etc., to enable
Karnataka Watershed Development Project- institutions to develop more accurate participatory
II (Sujala-III): Watershed Development micro-watershed plans for effective
Department is implementing K a r n a t a k a implementation of watershed development
W a t e rshed Development Project-II (Sujala- projects. It is also aimed for establishment of
III) withthe World Bank assistance from Digital Library, Decision Support System (DSS)
2013-14 with the allocation of Rs.527.70 and Land Resource Inventory Portal using these
crores. 70% is the World Bank loan and 30% GDWD IRU DJULFXOWXUH GHYHORSPHQW DQG EHQHÀW
is the State Government fund. The project is of farmers and exchange of information and
being implemented in the selected 2531 micro knowledge for better planning, implementation
watersheds located in 11 project districts viz., and integration of the schemes of various land
Bidar, Kalaburagi, Yadgir, Raichur, Koppal, related departments.
Vijayapura, Gadag, Davanagere, Chikkamagaluru, 1. National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land
Tumakuru and Chamarajanagar of the total Use Planning (NBSSLUP) 2.Indian Institute
project cost, Rs.110.67crores have been allocated of Science (IISc), Bengaluru, 3. University of
for Horticulture component which is being Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, 4.University
implemented by the Department of Horticulture. of Agricultural Sciences Dharwad, 5.University
The Project Development Objective (PDO) isto of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, 6.University
demonstrate more effective watershed of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot, 7. University
management through greater integration of of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences,
programmes related to rainfed agriculture, Shivamogga, 8. Karnataka State Remote Sensing
innovative and science-based approaches, and and Applications Centre (KSRSAC), Bengaluru
strengthened institutions and capacities of stake 9.Karnataka State Natural Disaster Monitoring
holders at different levels. Cell (KSNDMC), Bengaluru, 10.Karnataka
Veterinary Animals and Fisheries Science
Project components: 7KH SURMHFW KDV ÀYH
University (KVAFSU), Bidar, 11.International
components as following: Component 1: Improved
Crop Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics
Program Integration in Rainfed Areas: This unit
(ICRISAT), Hyderabad,12.National Centre for
demonstrates the successful integration of
Excellence of RSETIs (NACER), 13. Indian
programs in watershed development, using
Institute of Soil & Water Conservation, (ICAR-
a science-based approach in project areas.
IIS & WC), Ballari, 14. The Energy and Resource
Component 2: Research, Development and
Institute (TERI), Bengaluru.
innovation: To enhance practical knowledge in
integrated watershed management. Component The NBSS & LUP has been assigned the role
3: Strengthening of the institutions: of lead project partner for LRI activity and IISc,
Strengthening of the institutions and capacity Bangalore is the lead partner for hydrological
building of the project stakeholders to activities, to coordinate among the State
improve effective delivery of services for Agricultural and Horticultural Universities.
integrated watershed anagement. Component KSRSAC, Bangalore assigned with the task of
4: Strengthening Horticulture: In Rainfed Areas, supplying satellite imageries to the partners and
strengthening the knowledge base regarding the KSNDMC provides the climate and weather
horticulture potential, demonstrate and build data of the project area.
the capacity of institutions and communities IIS & WC Ballari institute has taken-up
276 to improve production and value addition of
the technical monitoring and evaluation of
the project. The third party Monitoring and and Rs.500 lakhs was released up to end of
Evaluation is taken up by M/s. The Energy and March-2018. An amount of Rs.4988.14 lakhs
Resource Institute (TERI), village level trainings has been spent for Land Resource Inventory,
on project activities are taken up by the ICAR- Hydrology and Development o f n e w varieties.
Agricultural Technology Application Research Procurement of major equipments required for
Institute (ATARI) and the National Centre for the project is completed. So far, Land Resources
Excellence of RSETIs (NACER) is assigned with the Inventory (LRI) is completed in1427 microwater
task of organizing trainings on income generating sheds and Atlases generated for 685 for micro
activities to SHG members. watersheds.
Land Resource Inventory: Land Resource State Government allocates budget for the WDD
Inventory is taken up by the NBSS & LUP and State and Department of Horticulture under separate
Agricultural and Horticultural Universities. heads of accounts for Sujala-III project. Budget
6RLO SURÀOH VWXGLHV DQDO\VLV RI VRLO VDPSOHV DQG allocated for 2018-19 to WDD is Rs.100 crore and
soil fertility are the major component of the LRI Directorate of Horticulture is Rs. 33.03 crore
studies. Baseline studies are under progress. and the total allocation amounts to Rs.133.03
crore. For the year 2018-19 budget provision
Progress of Hydrological activities: of Rs.10,000 lakhs are provided and Rs.7,500
Hydrological studies are taken up by the State lakhs is released. By the end of November-2018
Agricultural and Horticultural Universities in an amount of Rs.6,046 lakhs have been spent
thes elected 14 model micro-watersheds under and is proposed to spend the remaining for Land
WKHJXLGDQFHRI,,6F7KHGDWDFROOHFWHGDWVSHFLÀF Resource Inventory, Hydrology and Development
LQWHUYDOVRQJURXQGZDWHUÁXFWXDWLRQDQDO\VLVRI of new varieties. Procurement of major equipments
soil moisture, monitoring of wells for well yield, required for the project is completed. So far, Land
analysis of water samples etc. and maps are Resources Inventory (LRI) is completed in 544
generated. micro water sheds.
Saturation of watersheds: Saturation of Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana-
ALLIED ACTIVITIES
ZDWHUVKHGVE\XWLOL]LQJVFLHQWLÀFLQSXWVJHQHUDWHG
AGRICULTURE AND
Watershed Development (PMKSY- WD) (erstwhile
in the project is under implementation in all 11 IWMP): PMKSY-WD is being implemented in
project districts in the selected watersheds. In this the State since 2009-10 as per the Common
regard, one sub-watershed each in 9 districts and Guidelines-2008 (Revised edition-2011) issued
2 micro-watersheds each in remaining 2 districts by Government of India. Desert Development
have been selected in PMKSY-WD Batch-V area Programme, Drought Prone Area Development
and implementation is under progress. The Programme and Integrated Wasteland
process of establishment of LRI (Land Resource Development Programme have been brought
Inventory) portal, Digital Library and the Decision under one umbrella with the nomenclature of
Support System (DSS) has been taken up by the “Integrated Watershed Management Programme”.
agency selected through ICB tender and work is It is a centrally sponsored scheme with the sharing
under progress. Process is initiated for installation pattern of 90:10 (centre and state) ratio up to
of Digital Display units with the assistance of 2014-15. From 2015-16 onwards IWMP is
KSNDMC in the premises of RSK, ADA and JDA renamed as “Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee
RIÀFHVLQWKHSURMHFWDUHDWRGLVVHPLQDWHWKHGD\ Yojana- Watershed Development” (PMKSY-WD)
to day meteorological information to the farming and sharing pattern of Centre and State is in the
community. Other activities conducted under ratio of 60:40.
the project include Research and Development,
The main objectives of PMKSY are To
institutional strengthening and capacity building conserve soil, moisture and nutrients, To
RIWKHVWDNHKROGHUVDQGEHQHÀFLDULHVSURGXFWLYLW\ enhance recharge of underground water and
enhancement of agricultural and horticultural agricultural productivity, To improve vegetation
FURSV YHWHULQDU\ DQLPDO DQG ÀVKHULHV DFWLYLWLHV by afforestation and dry land horticulture, To
etc. increase availability of fodder and fuel, To form
Financial Progress: For the year 2017-18 and strengthen community based organizations,
277
budget provision of Rs.7,800 lakhs was provided providing livelihood activities for the assets less
persons, To encourage livestock production, C) Consolidation and withdrawal phase: This
production systems and micro enterprises i.e., phase include sustainable management of
income generation, Effective management of runoff (developed) natural resources and up-scaling of
KARNATAKA
water and improved soil & moisture conservation
HAND BOOK OF
successful experiences regarding farm production
activities such as ridge area treatment, drainage systems/off-farm livelihoods and documentation
line treatment, rain water harvesting, in-situ of successful experiences as well as lessons learnt
moisture conservation and other allied activities for future use. An amount of Rs.43448.33 lakhs
on watershed basis, Converging with MGNREGS was allocated for this scheme for the year 2017-18
for creation of water source to full potential in and was targeted to treat and develop 2,00,259
LGHQWLÀHG EDFNZDUG UDLQ IHG EORFNV LQFOXGLQJ hectares of land. An amount of Rs.39,662.51
renovation of traditional water bodies.
lakhs has been spent from total available amount
Method of Implementation: Before implementing (including opening balance) of Rs.71,886.70
WKH ZDWHUVKHG DFWLYLWLHV LQ WKH ÀHOG WKH DUHD IRU lakhs up to March 2018 by developing an area
the watershed treatment will be selected based on of 1,36,258 hectares through implementation of
the following criteria: 1. Poverty index (% of poor bunding, water harvesting structures like check
population), 2. Percentage of SC/ ST population, 3. dam, vented dam, farm pond, percolation tank
Actual wages, 4. Percentage of small and marginal and nalabund etc., agro-forestry and dryland
farmers, 5. Ground water status, 6. Moisture horticulture programmes.
index/DPAP/ DDP Block, 7. Area under rain-
fed agriculture, 8. Drinking water, 9. Degraded Under PMKSY scheme Rs.6,529 lakhs have
land, 10. Productivity potential of the land, 11. been earmarked for Special Component Plan. An
Contiguity to another watershed that has already amount of Rs.6,926.90 lakhs has been spent and
been developed/treated, 12. Cluster approach 23,213 hectares of land belonging to SC families
(more than one contiguous micro-watershed in the has been developed up to the end of March-2018.
project). After selecting the area for the treatment Similarly, under Tribal Sub Plan Rs.2,898 lakhs
with the above criteria, the project activities are have been earmarked. An amount of Rs.967.08
implemented in 3 different phases. lakhs has been spent and 2,424 hectares of land
belonging to ST families have been developed up
A) Preparatory Phase activities: Preparatory
to the end of March-2018.
Phase activities are implemented to gain the
FRQÀGHQFH RI WKH UXUDO FRPPXQLW\ EHIRUH An amount of Rs.32,750 lakh has been
implementing the project activities in the project allocated for this scheme for the year 2018-19. It
area. Entry point activities which are related to is targeted to treat and develop 1,50,517 hectares
Natural Resources Management are implemented. of land. An amount of Rs.26,001.13 lakhs
Apart from this, awareness programme regarding has been spent from total available amount
the projects is implemented. Net planning of the (including opening balance) of Rs.35,982.42
activities is done by involving the Water shed lakhs up to November-2018 to develop an area
Committee (WC) and preparation and approval of 72,329 hectares through implementation of
of detailed project reports by Grama Sabha to bunding, water harvesting structures like check
implement the activities.
dam, vented dam, farm pond, percolation tank
B) Work Phase activities: Year wise action and nalabund etc., agro-forestry and dryland
plans are prepared for the activities which are horticulture programmes.
approved in the Grama Sabha. To harvest and
Under PMKSY scheme Rs.3,824 lakhs have
percolate the rainwater, the soil conservation
been earmarked for Special Component Plan. An
activities like bund formation, farm ponds, check
amount of Rs.2056.60 lakhs has been spent and
dam, nala-bund and percolation tanks are
5,297 hectares of land belonging to SC families has
constructed in the project area. Apart from this
dry-land horticulture, Agro-Forestry and Animal been developed up to the end of November-2018.
husbandry activities are also implemented in the Similarly, under Tribal Sub Plan Rs.1998 lakhs
project area. Activities under production system have been earmarked. An amount of Rs.699.80
and micro enterprises are also implemented apart lakhs has been spent and 656 hectares of land
belonging to ST families have been developed up
278 from encouraging the Self Help Groups to take up
the income generating activities. to the end of November-2018.
Rice Technology Park–Karatagi: Rice and export of tur and its products. APMC,
Technology Park in Karatagi of Gangavati Taluk Kalaburagi has taken necessary steps for the
is being developed in order to provide state of acquisition of 250 acre of land through KIADB.
the art technology facilities for cleaning, grading, In the KIADB’s 349th board meeting held on 30-5-
processing, packing, selling, branding, export, 2017, a resolution was passed regarding dropping
etc., for paddy/rice. For the implementation of 2,229.27 acres of land acquisition process.
of the scheme, 315 acre 28 guntas of land has There by, the APMC request for the acquisition of
been acquired. For the implementation of Rice 250 acre of land which is included in the above
Technology Park at Karatagi, IL & FS Clusters acquisition process got dropped. In this regard,
Development Initiative Limited, Bengaluru has for the implementation of the scheme, despite
been appointed as Technical Consultant. IL & continuous effort suitable land was not allotted.
FS Clusters Development Initiative Limited, Hence, Government has accorded permission to
Bengaluru has submitted the Final feasibility drop the scheme.
Report/Detailed Project Report. It is proposed to
take up this scheme under RFP/PPP mode. To Establishment of Maize Technology Park at
provide basic amenities at Rice Technology Park, Ranebennur: Action had been taken to establish
Karatagi, approval has been accorded to take up Maize Technology Park in Ranebennur to take
development works at a cost of Rs. 1 2 0 c r o r e up value addition activities for Maize and other
u n d e r W a r e h o u s e Infrastructure Fund. commodities produced in the area and also to
Action has been taken to take up the works. create better infrastructure for cleaning, grading,
sorting, processing, branding, marketing and
Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY): export of maize and its products. Action has been
Construction of godowns under RKVY scheme help taken to establish maize technology park in the 60
to promote scientific storage of commodities acre of land belonging to proposed mega market
thereby reducing storage losses. Further, these area. DARASHAW & Co.Pvt.Ltd., Mumbai has
scientifically constructed godowns will also been appointed as Technical Consultant. The
help to takeup online trading through godown technical consultant has submitted Environment
ALLIED ACTIVITIES
based sales thereby helping the farmers to get
& Social Impact Assessment Report, Feasibility
AGRICULTURE AND
better price for their commodities and reduce
Report, GAD Structure Report & Bid documents.
transportation charges to the distance markets.
In the committee meeting held on 13-4-2017, are
Under the centrally sponsored RKVY Scheme, 75
solution was passed to obtain permission from
per cent grant is given for providing infrastructure
the Government to transfer the implementation
IDFLOLWLHVOLNHVFLHQWLÀFJRGRZQVHWFUHPDLQLQJ of the scheme to Commerce and Industries
per cent amount required for the project will be Department. In this regard, proposal has been
borne by the concerned APMCs. During 2015- submitted to Government to accord permission
16, under RKVY scheme totally Rs.148.84 crores to transfer the scheme to Commerce & Industries
were allocated, and the works were revalidated to 'HSDUWPHQW7KHSURSRVDOLVXQGHUYHULÀFDWLRQDW
2016-17 also. By utilizing this grant, 70 nos. of the Government level.
different capacity godowns, 52 number of grading
units, 23 number of closed auction platform, 29 Establishment of Coconut Technology Park
number of Sheep and Goat market development at Tiptur: Action had been taken to establish
works, 2 number of cold storages and number of Coconut Technology Park including coconut
Irradiation unit are taken up. Out of 177 works, products research and development unit at Tiptur
167 works have been completed and 10 works are to take up value addition activities for
nearing completion. Coconut/Copra produced in the area and also to
give better infrastructure for cleaning, grading,
Establishment of Tur Technology Parkat sorting, processing, branding, marketing
Kalaburagi: Action had been taken for the and export of coconut/copra and its products.
establishment of Tur Technology Park at It was decided to acquire 150 acres of land at
Kalaburagi, to take up value addition activities for Sy.No.12 in Chowdlapura village, Kibbanahalli
Tur and other pulses produced in the area, and hobli, Tiptur taluk and submitted a proposal
also to create better infrastructure for cleaning, to Revenue Department for the allotment. The
grading, sorting, processing, branding, marketing Revenue Department has not allotted the above 279
said land till date. In addition to this, proposal agency for implementing the scheme. Under the
has also been submitted for the sanction of 100 Scheme, for accidental death or permanently
acre of land bearing Sy. No.3 in Bidaregudi Kaval disability, an amount for Rs.75,000 and
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
of Tiptur Taluk which belongs to the Veterinary for natural death Rs.30,000 is given as
& Fishery Department. The proposal has been compensation to his family. In addition, the
rejected based on the Law Department’s opinion Government of India pays scholarship of Rs.100
that the land belongs to Amruth Mahal Kaval and per month for students of 9th to 12th standard
the same cannot be used for other purpose as per whose parents have registered under this
Karnataka High court divisional bench verdict. scheme. During 2017-18, an amount of Rs.43.50
For the implementation of the scheme, the land lakhs was paid as compensation to 142 families.
LGHQWLÀHGRQSULRULW\EDVLVKDVQRWEHHQREWDLQHG
Karnataka Krishi Mission (KKM): For the
despite continuous efforts for the acquisition of comprehensive development of agriculture
and Hence, the scheme has not been taken up. and allied activities, “Karnataka Agriculture
Kayaka Nidhi: Implementation of Kayaka Nidhi Mission” is formulated under the chairmanship
Scheme will help about 29,000 licensed hamals of Honourable Chief Minister. The objectives of
working in APMCs who are under below the KKM are to induct new ideas, sensitize and
poverty line. The amount under this scheme develop new plans, projects and programmes for
had been utilized to meet the medical expenses agriculture and agriculture related universities
of surgical operation upto Rs. one lakh and and line departments related to agriculture,
Rs.10,000 to meet expenses related to cremation streamlining and coordinating the functions of
in case of death of Hamals working in the market line departments viz., agriculture, horticulture,
area. During 2015-16, budgetary provision of animal husbandry and veterinary services,
Rs.50 lakhs was made under this scheme. During VHULFXOWXUHDQGÀVKHULHVHWFLQFOXGLQJDJULFXOWXUH
2018-19, Rs.7,54,852 has been spent for medical and agriculture related universities in the State to
expenses and funeral assistance for 73 Hamals provide technical information and services from a
up to the end of November-2018. single window, bring new policies and guidelines
which can improve the farm productivity to the
Establishment of Irradiation unit at level 4.5 percent per annum and also increase
Dasanapura: Action has been taken under 2015- the income level of farmers by convergence of
16 RKVY grant. Regarding the implementation line departments, drafting new programmes
of the scheme, necessary information and for sustainable agriculture, conservation of
approval has been obtained from BRIT and BARC natural resources like land, water and improving
institutions. Approval has been accorded to DPR WKH IHUWLOLW\ RI VRLO DQG ZDWHU XVH HIÀFLHQF\
and for appointment of technical consultant. The promotion of organic farming, intensify training
Cabinet approval process is under progress. to the farmers in modern agriculture including
marketing, to provide infrastructure for seed
Raitha Sanjeevini: This is an insurance
storage, water harvesting and water use
scheme for farmers being implemented by the
HIÀFLHQF\ SURFHVVLQJ DQG YDOXH DGGLWLRQ WR WKH
Karnataka State Agricultural Marketing Board.
farmers through commodity groups, promoting
Under this scheme, farmers who meet with an
integrated farming approach to increase
accidental death or permanently disabled while
the income of the farmers even under rainfed
being involved in farming/marketing activities
conditions, guiding universities for professional
are provided a compensation ranging from and para-professional human resources for
Rs.10,000 to Rs.1,00,000. During 2018-19, upto changing situations in agriculture, providing
November, 143 farmers were given compensation XWPRVW SULRULW\ IRU VHHG SURGXFWLRQ LQ ÀHOG DQG
of Rs.1,34,10,000. horticulture crops, planting material, animal
Aam Aadmi Bima Yojane: The Aam Aadmi Bima SRXOWU\ DQG ÀVK EUHHGV DQG VHHG SURGXFWLRQ
Yojane is an insurance scheme implemented establishment of market extension departments
with the help of Life Insurance Corporation of in UAS, Bengaluru, Dharwad, Raichur and
India for the welfare of licensed weighmen, hamals Shivamogga, University of Horticultural sciences,
Bagalkot, and Karnataka veterinary animal and
280 and cartmen working in AMPCs. The Karnataka
State Agricultural Marketing Board is the nodal ÀVKHULHV VFLHQFHV XQLYHUVLW\ %LGDU ZLWK FR
ordination of Govt line departments, establishing with crop loan. This was initially introduced in
of pilot centres of reclaiming saline and alkaline three states in 1978 on a pilot basis. Later on a
soils for improving productivity of crops at a 3LORW &URS ,QVXUDQFH VFKHPH ZLWK PRGLÀFDWLRQV
required time and initiating survey to identify was launched as Comprehensive Crop Insurance
farmers who have done extremely well to generate Scheme (CCIS) throughout the country in 1985.
more income, more than Rs. two lakh/acre under The scheme was voluntary in nature in the initial
rainfed conditions and more than Rs. 50000/ phase but was made compulsory for institutional
acre under rainfed to bring their practices to loanees but failed to provide the needed protection
mainline research of the agricultural universities to the vulnerable. Followed by this, Rashtriya
for validating and recommending through line Krishi Bima Yojana (RKBY) was launched
departments for adoption by all other farmers. formally in 1999. The participation in RKBY was
FRPSXOVRU\IRUIDUPHUVJURZLQJQRWLÀHGFURSVDQG
Agri Business in Karnataka: Karnataka has availing crop loans from formal credit institutions.
taken the initiative in developing sustainable +RZHYHU QRQERUURZHU IDUPHUV JURZLQJ QRWLÀHG
agri business through the ‘Integrated Agri crops were also eligible to opt for the Scheme on
business Development Policy’ which covering voluntary basis.
agriculture and allied sectors (like horticulture,
ÀVKHULHVDQLPDOKXVEDQGU\VHULFXOWXUHDQGIRRG Weather based Crop Insurance Scheme: The
objective of this scheme is to provide protection
processing) both in infrastructure and industrial
DJDLQVW WKH QRWLÀHG FURS ORVV GXH WR ÁRRGV
segments. This policy is expected to address
famine, storm, frost, temperature and change
key concerns affecting the agricultural growth
in relative humidity which occur due to weather
and allied sectors like improving productivity,
aberrations. This scheme is implemented in 17
minimizing postharvest losses, enhancing
districts of the state during kharif 2013. They are
postharvest processing and value addition,
Bengaluru (Rural), Bagalkote, Belagavi, Ballari,
enhancing value realization through better
Bidar, Vijayapura, Chikkamagaluru, Davanagere,
marketing channels, sustainable practices in
Dharwad, Gadag, Hassan, Haveri, Kolar, Koppal,
production, processing, branding and marketing.
ALLIED ACTIVITIES
Raichur, Ramanagara and Yadagiri. The different
Government of Karnataka has taken progressive
AGRICULTURE AND
FURSVQRWLÀHGDUH5DJL 5DLQIHG), Maize (Rainfed),
steps in identifying land banks for sustained
Jowar (Rainfed), Tur (Rainfed), Blackgram
industrialization and infrastructure development
(Rainfed), Greengram (Rainfed), Soyabean
of the State. Investors are welcome to locate 5DLQIHG 6XQÁRZHU 5DLQIHG *URXQGQXW
their units and infrastructure facilities either in (Rainfed), Onion (Rainfed, Irrigated), cotton
earmarked industrial parks, SEZs or industrial (Rainfed and irrigated), Potato (Rainfed and
estates to leverage on cluster advantages. irrigated),Chillies (Rainfed and irrigated), Grapes
Karnataka is leading in terms of production DQG %DQDQD WKHVH FURSV DUH QRWLÀHG DW KREOL
of horticulture crops. Its varied agro-climatic level.
regions and a cosmopolitan centre like Bengaluru
provides it with immense opportunities for 0RGLÀHG 1DWLRQDO $JULFXOWXUDO &URS ,QVXUDQFH
developing agri-business in the state. Scheme: Central Government has introduced
VRPH RI WKH PRGLÀFDWLRQV LQ 5DVWKUL\D .ULVKL
Crop Insurance: First crop insurance scheme %LPD<RMDQDDQGLWLVFDOOHGDVPRGLÀHG5DVKWUL\D
was presented to the parliament by Dr.Rajendra .ULVKL %LPD <RMDQD7KLV PRGLÀHG VFKHPH LV
Prasad, as the First Minister for Agriculture of being implemented in Kalaburagi, Shivamogga,
independent India in 1948. Subsequently, the Tumakuru and Uttara Kannada districts. Crop
Government of India in March 1970, prepared a loss due to localized natural calamities such
draft of the model scheme. An Expert Committee as hailstorm and landsliding is estimated on
chaired by Dr. Dharm Narain examined its individual basis. The crop loss is reimbursed as
feasibility. The Committee did not favour per the guidelines of the schemes. In coastal areas,
introduction of crop insurance. However, the crop is left on the ground for two to three days
General Insurance Corporation of India offered for drying after the harvest of the crop. If there is
the scheme of crop insurance in 1972 on its a loss of crop due to storm during this period, the
own. In 1976, Prof Dandekar suggested an loss considered and the insured amount will be
281
alternative approach linking crop insurance according to the norms of the scheme.
The important cropV DUH QRWLÀHG DW *UDPD Krishi Prashasthi Programme: Phenomenal
Panchayat level under this scheme, the crops increase in agriculture production in the state
QRWLÀHG DUH 5LFH ,UULJDWHG DQG 5DLQIHG 0DL]H during the last three decades is due to the
KARNATAKA
(Irrigated and Rainfed), and Groundnut (Rainfed),
HAND BOOK OF
active participation and efforts of farmers. In
Jowar (Irrigated and Rainfed), Ragi (Irrigated order to recognise such farmers, who have
and Rainfed), Bajra (Rainfed), Navane (Rainfed), done outstanding work in different aspects of
Savae (Rainfed), Blackgram (Rainfed), Greengram agricultural production, awards are given under
(Rainfed), Horsegram (Rainfed), Soyabean “Krishi Prashasthi Scheme” at the State, District
5DLQIHG 6XQÁRZHU ,UULJDWHG DQG 5DLQIHG and Taluk levels. The programme is being
Sesamum (Rainfed), Castor (Rainfed), Cotton implemented since 1992-93. The programme
(Irrigated and Rainfed), Chillies (Irrigated and
envisages the award of three prizes at these three
Rainfed), and Onion (Rainfed) crops have been
levels for selected crops.
QRWLÀHGDW+REOLOHYHO
Krishi Pandit Prashasthi Programme:
“KRISHI KARMAN” award: Karnataka State
Krishi Pandit Prashasthi programme is being
was awarded “KRISHI KARMAN” award for having
implemented since 2001-02. Main objective of
achieved its highest ever production of Coarse
the programme is to recognise the farmers at state
Cereals during 2010-11. Though the area under
level who are contributing for the welfare of the
coarse cereals had been declining, the State has
maintained a higher productivity level in last farming community through their innovations
one decade irrespective of the frequent droughts. DQGFRQVWUXFWLYHZRUNLQWKHÀHOGRIDJULFXOWXUH
The area under all the coarse cereals (Jowar, Such persons are being awarded with cash prize.
Bajra, Maize, Ragi and minor millets) has declined 7KH ÀUVW SUL]H LV 5V VHFRQG SUL]H LV
from 40 lakh hectares in 2000-01 to 36.50 lakh Rs.50,000/- and third prize is Rs.25,000/- The
hectares during 2010-11, but the production has LPSRUWDQW IRXU ÀHOGV UHFRJQLVHG IRU WKH FDVK
reached 78.45 lakh tonnes from 59 lakh tonnes prize are 1.Effecient use of water, 2.Organic
with one and half time jump in the productivity per farming, 3.Development of farm implements and
hectare (i.e. from 15.5 quintals to 21.7 quintals). ,QWHJUDWHGIDUPLQJV\VWHPDQG'LYHUVLÀFDWLRQRI
Karnataka is leading producer of Maize in the crops.
Country.
Karnataka State Seeds Corporation Limited.
At the same time, overall production of food Aim of KSSC: The aim of the Corporation is
grains has increased to 139.86 lakh tonnes to emerge as an industry leader in the State in
during 2010-11 which is higher than the earlier seed line activity with a continuous pursuance
record production of 120.49 lakh tonnes during of excellence in quality and effective distribution
2007-08. Further, production of pulses has gone services, with an eye on right product, right time,
up from mere nine lakh tonnes (2000-01) to 15.65 right price and right place of supply.
lakh tonnes (2010-11) with just an addition of
about 7.4 lakh hectares in the area under pulses Vision of KSSC: The vision of the Corporation
(from 20.47 lakh ha. in 2000-01 to 27.91 lakh ha. is to be a leading agency for accelerating
in 2010-11). Agriculture productivity and production and
for improving the viability of Agriculture as a
Apart from highest production of Coarse vocation.
Cereals, the State was recognized for effective
promotion of agricultural technologies and 2XWVWDQGLQJ $FKLHYHPHQWV RI .66& Under
services adopted by the farmers which resulted in Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana-RKVY, Corporation
VLJQLÀFDQWSURGXFWLRQJDLQV1RWDEOHLQLWLDWLYHVRI has nearly doubled seed processing capacity
the State Government included “Bhoo-Chetana” leading to Rs, 5.00 lakh quintal capacity and also
programme for improving crop productivity in FRQVWUXFWHG VFLHQWLÀF VHHG VWRUDJH JRGRZQV DQG
rain fed area; improving seed replacement rate; increased the storage capacities from 1.03 lakh
strengthening extension work through farmers’ quintal to around 4.80 lakh quintal.
facilitators; promoting public private partnership
in adoption of hybrid Maize, up scaling Raitha History of KSSC: The Corporation was
established in the year 1973 under the Name
282 Samparka Kendras to ensure timely supply of
inputs. & Style of “Karnataka State Agro Seeds
Corporation Limited” a subsidiary organization of Foundation seeds approved by the Central Seed
Karnataka Agro Industries Corporation Limited. &HUWLÀFDWLRQ %RDUG 2XWOLQH WKH SURFHGXUH IRU
The Government of Karnataka has participated submission of application for growing, harvesting,
in the National Seed Project-II during 1979. processing, storage, labelling and tagging of
Under the National Seed Project the subsidiary VHHGV LQWHQGHG IRU FHUWLÀFDWLRQ WLOO WKH HQG VR
organization was made an independent DV WR HQVXUH WKDW VHHG ORWV ÀQDOO\ DSSURYHG IRU
Corporation under the present name and style of FHUWLÀFDWLRQ DUH WUXH WR YDULHW\ 9HULI\ XSRQ
“Karnataka State Seeds Corporation Limited”. UHFHLSW RI DQ DSSOLFDWLRQ IRU FHUWLÀFDWLRQ WKDW
Today the Corporation is one of the successfully YDULHW\ LV HOLJLEOH IRU FHUWLÀFDWLRQ WKDW WKH VHHG
run Organizations of Government of Karnataka. used for planting is from approved source and the
.DUQDWDND6WDWH6HHG$QG2UJDQLF&HUWLÀFDWLRQ application has been submitted in accordance
Agency with the procedure prescribed for it; Inspect seed
Background: Karnataka State Seed ÀHOGVWRHQVXUHWKDWWKHPLQLPXPVWDQGDUGVIRU
&HUWLÀFDWLRQ $JHQF\ .66&$ ZDV HVWDEOLVKHG isolation, rouging (wherever applicable), use of
in the year 1974 under Section-8 of the Seeds male sterility (wherever applicable) and similar
Act 1966 as an autonomous body and registered factors are maintained at all times, as well as
under the Karnataka Societies Registration Act to ensure that those provided in the standards
1960 with the objectives of regulating the quality IRU FHUWLÀFDWLRQ ,QVSHFW VHHG SURFHVVLQJ SODQWV
RI VHHGV FHUWLÀHG LQ WKH 6WDWH 7KH 2UJDQL]DWLRQ to see that the admixtures of other kinds and
became operational in January 1975. Since varieties are not introduced; Take sample and
there is scope for increasing the activities, a inspect seed lots produced as per procedure and
QHZ GLYLVLRQ YL] 2UJDQLF &HUWLÀFDWLRQ 'LYLVLRQ have such samples tested to ensure that the
has been established in the year 2013 and the seed conforms to the prescribed standards for
Organization is renamed as “Karnataka State FHUWLÀFDWLRQ *UDQW &HUWLÀFDWHV LQFOXGLQJ WDJV
6HHGDQG2UJDQLF&HUWLÀFDWLRQ$JHQF\µ .662&$ seals etc.,) in accordance with the provisions of
.662&$ LV RIIHULQJ ERWK D 6HHG &HUWLÀFDWLRQ
the Seeds Act; Ensure that action at all stages
ALLIED ACTIVITIES
E 2UJDQLF&HUWLÀFDWLRQVHUYLFHVVHSDUDWHWDUJHWV
RI VHHG FHUWLÀFDWLRQ LV WDNHQ H[SHGLWLRXVO\
AGRICULTURE AND
DUH À[HG IRU ERWK WKH GLYLVLRQV WR XQGHUWDNH WKH
Undertake educational programmes designed
programmes respectively.
WR SURPRWH WKH XVH RI FHUWLÀHG VHHG LQFOXGLQJ
Since then, the organization has been providing D SXEOLFDWLRQ OLVWLQJ FHUWLÀHG VHHG JURZHUV DQG
excellent service to the Seed Producers, Growers VRXUFHVRIFHUWLÀHGVHHG
and the Farming community. There has been an
Karnataka State Agricultural Produce
XSZDUG WUHQG LQ WKH &HUWLÀFDWLRQ $FWLYLWLHV \HDU
after year and the area registered & the quantity Processing and Export Corporation Limited
RI 6HHGV &HUWLÀHG KDV LQFUHDVHG IURP .DSSHF
ha. & 56,179 qtls.in 1975 to 49,350.80 ha. & Karnataka State Agricultural Produce
1,55,280.23 qtls.in 2017-18 respectively. Various Processing and Export Corporation Limited
factors have contributed to this manifold increase (KAPPEC) was established on 22nd April 1996
like awareness amongst the farming community under the Companies Act, 1956. The Authorized
UHJDUGLQJWKHEHQHÀWVRIXVHRIKLJKTXDOLW\VHHGV Share Capital is Rs.500 lakhs and the Paid-up
encouragement by the State & Central Govts. for Share Capital is Rs. 50 Lakhs. The Government
production and distribution of high-quality seeds, of Karnataka has released an amount of
participation of more no. of seed Producers and Rs.1000 lakhs as one-time grant to facilitate
Growers in Seed Production Programme and also establishment of post harvest infrastructure
varied agro-climatic conditions and soil types facilities in the potential locations of the State.
prevailing in the state which are conducive to seed
production of various crop varieties. 0DLQ 2EMHFWLYHV To develop and promote the
production, processing and export of Agriculture,
2EMHFWLYHV The following are the main objectives
KRUWLFXOWXUH ÁRULFXOWXUH DOOLHG SURGXFWV 7R
RI6HHG&HUWLÀFDWLRQ$JHQF\ &ertify seeds of any
create post-harvest infrastructures to facilitate
QRWLÀHGNLQGVRUYDULHWLHV XQGHU6HFWLRQRI6HHGV
the development and export of agricultural and 283
Act 1966); Maintain a list of sources of Breeder &
allied products and to promote private sector ZRUNLVLQWKHÀQDOVWDJHRIFRPSOHWLRQ 0WV
participation in this sector. To conduct seminars capacity Warehouse facility at KIADB Industrial
& workshops involving farmers, scientists, Area, Vijayapura to facilitate the storage of
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
exporters and related stakeholders to create Agriculture commodities. Construction work is
awareness among farmers to grow export quality LQ WKH ÀQDO VWDJH RI FRPSOHWLRQ (VWDEOLVKPHQW
SURGXFH DQG WKH SRWHQWLDO EHQHÀWV WKHUHRQ of 3750 Mts.capacity Warehouse facility at
To act as the nodal agency of the Government KIADB Industrial Area, Bagalkot as per WDRA
to operate schemes related to infrastructure standards to facilitate the storage of Agriculture
facilities or any other activity assigned by the FRPPRGLWLHV &RQVWUXFWLRQ ZRUN LV LQ WKH ÀQDO
Government from time to time. To guide farmers, stage of completion; Cold chain facility in Kudachi
budding entrepreneurs, farmers’ associations %HODJDYL 'LVWULFW IRU WKH EHQHÀW RI 0V 7KH
and related stakeholders about starting export Raibag Taluka Grape Growers Processors and
business and also setting up processing units in Exporters Co-operative Society Ltd., Kudachi with
the State. ÀQDQFLDO DVVLVWDQFH RI $3('$ .$33(& KDV QR
ÀQDQFLDO VWDNH LQ WKLV SURMHFW 7KH SURMHFW KDV
KAPPEC has been creating post harvest
been completed and ready for use; Participated in
infrastructure facilities like Pack house,
the equity to an extent of Rs.169 Lakhs for the
Precooling unit, Cold Storage, Refrigerated Van,
establishment of Fruit and Vegetable Processing
Warehouses etc., in different parts of the State for
(Individual Quick Freezing) unit near Hubballi
WKH EHQHÀW RI IDUPHUV DQG H[SRUWHUV 'HWDLOV RI
under Public Private Partnership in the name
Post Harvest Infrastructure facilities established
and style of M/s. Tropicool Foods Pvt. Ltd. The
/ being established are as under:- Cold chain
company is buying required horticulture produce
facility consisting of pack house, pre cooling
from farmers directly for processing and exports;
unit, refrigerated van at Vijayapura and Kushtagi
Integrated Cold Chain Facility at Poojenahalli
to facilitate the export and storage of Grapes,
Horticulture Farm, Devanahalli near Bengaluru
Pomegranates, Lime and other horticulture
International Airport for the export of fresh fruits,
commodities such as raisins, lime, grains and
ÁRZHUVYHJHWDEOHVDQGRWKHUKRUWLFXOWXUHSURGXFH
pulses. The facility is in operation; Integrated
Tender process has been completed and work
cold chain facility at Hubballi and Bagalkot
order for the establishment of Integrated Cold
to facilitate the export & storage of Mango,
Chain Facility will be issued soon; 4000 Mts.
Grapes, Pomegranates and other Agriculture &
Multichamber Cold Storage Facility at APMC Yard,
horticulture produce. The facility is in operation;
Gadag. The post harvest infrastructure facilities
Cold storage with a total capacity of 4000 Mts. at
stated above are established / being established
Vijayapura for the storage of Raisins. The facility
E\ DYDLOLQJ ÀQDQFLDO DVVLVWDQFH IURP 5DVKWUL\D
is being utilized fully; 1000 Mts. capacity cold
Krishi Vikasa Yojana (RKVY), Agricultural&
storage facility at APMC Yard, Gadag to facilitate
Processed Food Products Export Development
the storage of Chilly, Green Gram and other
Authority (APEDA), Assistance to States for
Agriculture and horticulture produce. The facility
Developing Export Infrastructure & other allied
is running; 6300 Mts. capacity Warehouse
activities (ASIDE), National Horticulture Mission
facility at Hubballi APMC Yard as per WDRA
(NHM) and the Govt. of Karnataka and also the
standards to facilitate the storage of Agriculture
one time grant received from the Government of
commodities ready for use. Additional warehouse
Karnataka.
of about 2500 Mts. capacity in the same premises
is also ready for use. Karnataka Togari Abhivrudhi Mandali Limited,
Kalaburagi
Cold chain facility at Humnabad in Bidar
District to facilitate the export & storage Establishment: The Karnataka Togari
of Grapes, Pomegranates, Lime and other Abhivrudhi Mandali Limited is established
horticulture produce. The project has been under Companies Act, 1956 on 13.05.2002 vide
completed and ready for use; 2780 Mts. capacity Government Order No. AHD 399 MS 99 Bengaluru
Warehouse facility at KIADB Industrial Area, Dated 15.03.2002. Budget: The Government of
Karnataka released Rs. 5 crores as share amount
284 Humnabad in Bidar District to facilitate the during 2002. And on 31.1.2007 Government has
storage of Agriculture commodities. Construction
released an amount of Rs. 285 lakhs for Market SURGXFWVDW+HDG2IÀFHDQG(QHUJ\)RRGVDWLWV
Intervention Program, Rs.10 lakhs for Research Units located at Mysuru, Belagavi, Chitradurga,
and Development Activities, and Rs.5 lakhs for Raichur and Doddaballapur. The Company is
Extension activities of the Board. functioning as independent company since 1989.
2EMHFWLYHV Encourage to grow different varieties Activities of Company: The Company had 3
of Tur and other pulse seeds, procure, stock and divisions: a) Maize Milling Division; b) Feed
0DUNHW)XUWKHUWKHREMHFWLYHVRI%RDUGLVWRÀQDQFH Division; c) Energy Food Division. Since the
assist the farmers; Tur and other pulses seeds, production activities of the Company came to
increase of their production and assist, develop stand still w.e.f 01-04-2007. The Govt. vide its
and to encourage marketing etc.; To encourage order Kru Tho E/04/ Kru E Mum 2010 Bengaluru
research activities conducted by Agriculture dated 22-02-2012. ordered to close the company.
Universities and to advise the farmers to adopt Accordingly all the employees except deputation
appropriate technology; To facilitate in increasing employees of the company have been relieved
the production, productivity and quality of Tur under VRS scheme w.e.f 31st March 2012 and
produce by conducting seasonal trainings at the closure activities of the company are under
ÀHOGWDOXNDDQGGLVWULFWOHYHOVLQYROYLQJIDUPHUV progress.
and scientists; To promote research activities
Karnataka Agro Industries Corporation
conducted by the Universities, National Research
Limited
Centers and Companies and assist farmers to
adopt available appropriate technology; To act as Establishment, capital holding and
an agent of Govt. of Karnataka in the exploitation establishment purpose of KAIC: Karnataka
of the potential of Togari and other pulse crops. Agro Industries Corporation Limited (KAIC) was
established in 1967 with equity participation
Activities: Conducting trainings to farmers; The of 51% by Government of Karnataka (GoK) and
updated research and technology is disseminated 49% from Government of India (GoI) to promote
to the farmers; To coordinate in Seed Production Agriculture in the State in consonance with the
ALLIED ACTIVITIES
programmes; Purchase Tur directly from the national policy on the development of Agriculture
AGRICULTURE AND
farmers under Minimum Support Price Scheme. in the country, aimed at providing the entire
During 2016-17, Govt. of India has accorded Agriculture related supplies and services to the
Sanction under PSF for purchase of FAQ Tur by farming community to assist them in taking up
À[LQJ PLQLPXP VXSSRUW SULFH RI 5V SHU $JULFXOWXUH RQ D PRUH V\VWHPDWLF VFLHQWLÀF DQG
Qtl. On the same line Govt. of Karnataka has also cost effective manner. KAIC is fully owned by the
announced for payment of incentive of Rs. 450/- GoK with effect from 15-03-2001 on transfer of
per Qtl. in the interest of farmers. Accordingly 49% GoI shares to GoK.
Karnataka Togari Abhivrudhi Mandali has Financial assistance extended by Govt. for
actively participated to purchase Tur limited to VHWWOHPHQWRI956EHQHÀWVWR956RSWHHV As per
Kalaburagi District. Jurisdiction only on behalf G.O. No.DDPER 55 ARU 2003 dated 03-09-2003,
of the National Agricultural Federation of India GoK has accorded approval for closure of KAIC
( NAFED). During the year Karnataka Togari and to offer VRS 2003 to all its 656 employees with
Abhivrudhi Mandali has procured 3,68,251 immediate effect. Accordingly, all the employees
Quintals of Tur directly from farmers in different have opted for VRS 2003 and they were relieved
places of Village, Hobli, Taluka, as well as Dist. from the services in batches from September
level in helping the needy rural farmers in 2003 to July 2004. All the activities of KAIC have
particular. been stopped and all the unit/branches have
Karnataka State Agro Corn Products Ltd been closed with effect from 15-07-2004. The GoK
Karnataka State Agro Corn Products Limited UHOHDVHG ÀQDQFLDO DVVLVWDQFH RI 5V
coming under Department of Agriculture is a WRZDUGV VHWWOHPHQW RI 956 UHWLUHPHQW EHQHÀWV
Government of Karnataka Undertaking Regd on and PF contributions in nine separate G.Os
06-04-1973, under the company’s Act 1956. Its issued from 26-12-2003 to 31-12-2007 over a
5HJG2IÀFHLVDW+HEEDO%HOODUL5RDG%HQJDOXUX period of 4 years as against settlement of VRS
285
was engaged in production of Maize and Feed EHQHÀWV ZLWKLQ GD\V IURP WKH GDWH RI UHOLHI
of the employees as stipulated in VRS scheme is being taken in the matter. M/s KAPPEC Ltd.
designed by GoK although such amount released has also been authorized to purchase shares from
to other State Government undertakings has Private Shareholders on behalf of Government. So
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
been treated as grant. As such, when the ex- far 20,543 private shares worth Rs. 3,03,83,097/-
employees approached courts to direct KAIC to have been purchased. 20,543 shares have been
pay interest for the period of delayed payment, the transferred to Govt. of Karnataka on 16–08–2017.
court ordered for payment of interest at different
Food Karnataka Limited.
rates. However, KAIC settled interest uniformly
@ 6% p.a. with administrative approval. KAIC has In order to implement the scheme of
requested the GoK to set off the above amount establishing food parks in the State by utilizing
released as loan, interest and penal interest the funds from Government of India and the State
towards the guidance value Rs.685 crores of 21 Government, “Food Karnataka Limited “(FKL)
immovable properties of KAIC transferred / to was incorporated under the Companies Act, 1956
on 29.4.2003 as a “Special Purpose Vehicle”. FKL
be transferred to GoK and physical possession
is now working under Karnataka State Agriculture
handed over / to be handed over.
Produce Processing and Export Corporation
Closure processes of KAIC: The Commissioner (KAPPEC). FKL is also operating the scheme of
for Agriculture, Department of Agriculture, is ÀQDQFLDO DVVLVWDQFH WR 6&67 HQWUHSUHQHXUV IRU
WKH H[RIÀFLR 0DQDJLQJ 'LUHFWRU ZKR ZLWK the establishment of new food processing units in
the assistance of only four persons engaged on the State under SCP/TSP. The present status of
temporary basis, is carrying out further process food parks in the State is detailed below:
of closure under the guidance of the Board of
M/s. Innova Agri Bio Tech Park Limited, Malur:
Directors.
The Food Park is located in an area of 87 acres
The Mysore Tobacco Company Limited of land in Malur, Kolar District. Formation of
Mysore Tobacco Company is a Government of roads, drainage, and water supply has been
Karnataka Enterprise coming under Ministry of completed. Common infrastructure facilities
Agriculture. It was established in 1937. Tobacco like pack house, precooling units, cold storages,
Board was established in 1980 and started its warehouse etc have been completed. As per the
activities in Karnataka in 1983. All activities of QRUPV VSHFLÀHG E\ WKH 02)3, D PLQLPXP RI
MTC were shifted to Tobacco Board. Hence, the 20 Food Processing units should be established
Government, in 1984 directed MTC to stop all the in the food park. However, so far only 3 Food
commercial activities. The Company is having processing units have come up. The developer
80.87% Government Shares, 14.28% KAIC has established additional facilities like Gama
Shares and 4.85% Private Shares. The Company Irradiation to facilitate the export of Mangoes and
is getting rent from the godowns rented to other horticulture and Agriculture produce to USA
Central Warehousing Corporation and the State and other countries. The pack house facility has
Warehousing Corporation and a portion of Head been approved by APEDA which will enable the
2IÀFH EXLOGLQJ LV UHQWHG WR 0V .$33(& 7KH exporters of horticulture produce to utilize this for
Principal Secretary to Government, Agriculture the export of horticulture produce to EU. FKL has
Department, is the Chairman of the Company. been following up with the developer to ensure the
establishment of remaining units also.
The State Government is purchasing Company’s
shares held by private shareholders at the M/s. Green Food Park Limited, Bagalkot: The
rate of Rs. 1,479/- per share and make this Food Park is located in an area of 100 acres of land
company a 100% Government Company for at KIADB, Navnagar Industrial Area, Bagalkot.
utilizing Company’s prime assets at Bengaluru Formation of roads, drainage, and water supply
DQG :KLWHÀHOG LQ SXEOLF LQWHUHVW 7KH 6WDWH has been completed. Common infrastructure
Government vide Order No.Kru E 146 Vu E 2014 facilities like pack house, precooling units, cold
dated 16.01.2015 has approved transfer of MTC’s storages, warehouse etc have been completed.
SURSHUWLHVDW%HQJDOXUX +HDG2IÀFH DQG)DFWRU\ The quality control laboratory, administrative
at Kadugodi to M/s KAPPEC for making use of EXLOGLQJ DQG (IÁXHQW 7UHDWPHQW 3ODQW DUH \HW WR
286
the same in the best interest of public. Action be completed. As per the norms prescribed by
the MOFPI, 20 Food Processing units should be Vijayapura Food Park: 75 acres of land has
established. However so far only 6 Food processing been acquired at Ittangihala in Vijayapura taluk
units were allotted land for the establishment of & District. The developer has so far not been
food processing units in the park. FKL has been selected for this food park. The Board of FKL has
following up with the developer to ensure the decided to go slow on this food park in view of the
establishment of remaining units also. slow developments at earlier food parks.
M/s. Akshaya Food Park Limited, Hiriyur: The University Of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
Food Park is located in an area of 106 acres Education: University with its major mandates
and of land at Huchavanahally village, Hiriyur in teaching, research, extension has four teaching
taluk, Chitradurga District. Formation of roads, campuses, at Bengaluru, Chintamani, Hassan
drainage and water supply has been completed. and Mandya, offers six Undergraduate Degree
Common infrastructure facilities like pack house, Programmes, Master’s Degree Programmes in 22
precooling units, cold storages, warehouse etc disciplines (5 disciplines in Mandya . Campus)
have been completed. As per the norms prescribed
including MBA and Doctoral degree programmes
by the MOFPI, 20 Food Processing units should
in 15 disciplines and two year Diploma in
be established. However so far 2 units have come
Agriculture at Mandya campus, besides
up and the balance units are yet to come up. FKL
FHUWLÀFDWH &RXUVHV LQ %DNLQJ 7HFKQRORJ\
has been pressing the developer to ensure setting
Agricultural Extension Services for Input dealers
up of remaining units too.
(DAESI). One year Diploma and PG Diploma in
M/s. Jewargi Agro Food Park Limited, Jewargi: Agriculture through distance education. The
The Food Park is located in an area of 105 acres of University has thirteen (13) Agricultural Research
land. Land development including roads, drains Stations, seven (7) Krishi Vignana Kendras, two
LQFOXGLQJ WKH VLWH RIÀFH 6HFXULW\ EORFN :HLJK (2) Extension Education Units besides Farmers
Bridge completed. Other civil works pertaining Training Unit, Staff Training Unit and Bakery Unit
to Cold Storage, Pack House, Warehouse, and under its jurisdiction through which it provides
Administrative Block are in the advanced stage the technological extension needs of the farming
ALLIED ACTIVITIES
of completion. As per the norms of MOFPI, 20 community.
AGRICULTURE AND
Food Processing units should be established.
However, so far no unit is established in the University Of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad
park. The allotment of land to the prospective The University of Agricultural Sciences (UAS),
entrepreneurs is underway. Dharwad was established with a motive of providing
agricultural human resource, new agricultural
Food Parks under the State Scheme technology required for allround development of
As a part of the State Budget 2008-09, the Agriculture in 7 Districts of Uttara Karnataka
Government of Karnataka had approved the
i.e. Bagalkot, Belagavi, Vijayapura, Dharwad,
establishment of food parks in six districts viz.,
Haveri, Gadag and Uttara Kannada. Degree in
Bengaluru (Rural), Tumakuru, Shivamogga,
Agricultural Sciences in the teaching campuses
Davanagere, Vijayapura and Belagavi.
of UAS, Dharwad at Dharwad, Vijayapura and
Shivamogga Food Park: M/s. LMJ International Hanumanamatti and Degree in Community
Limited has been selected as the developer for Science, Agricultural Marketing & Cooperation
establishing the food park in an area of 100 and Food Technology Science at Dharwad
acres of land at Sogane Village in Nidhige Hobli, Campus, Degree in Agricultural Engineering at
Shivamogga District. The land to the developer Vijayapura and Forestry Degree in Sirsi Campus
has so far not been handed over in view of the slow are being imparted. Also, two years Diploma
progress and the lukewarm response from the (Agri) Centres in all the 7 districts and Diploma
investors to establish food processing units in the (Forestry) Centre at Malagi of Uttara Kannada
food parks assisted by GOI and GOK at Bagalkot, District are working. For agricultural research
Jewargi, Hiriyur and Malur. The additional and technology development 27 Agril. Research
information is sought from the developer in respect Stations are working under this University. Also,
of their concrete plans to develop the park and under Agricultural Extension programme 6 KVKs,
ensure the establishment of required number of 6 AEECs, one Training Unit and one Agricultural
food processing XQLWVLQWKHSDUNLVIXOO\VDWLVÀHG Technology Information Centre, are working in the 287
4 Agril.Meteorology zones. Overall, this University with effect from 1st April, 2013. It has the operational
has engaged in Teaching, Research and Extension jurisdiction in seven districts viz., Shivamogga,
activities related to Agriculture. Davanagere, Chikkamagaluru, Udupi, Dakshina
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
Kannada, Kodagu and Chitradurga. The present
University Of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur
Vice-Chancellor, Dr. M.K. Naik has assumed the
University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur
charge on 31st March, 2018. The University has
came into existence on 22-11-2008 through
four UG/PG Colleges at Shivamogga, Mudigere,
bifurcation from UAS, Dharwad vide Karnataka
Ponnampet and Hiriyur and two Diploma (Agri.)
Act. No: 10 of 2010 of the Governor of Karnataka.
Colleges at Kathalagere and Brahmavar.
Itwas indeed a decade back demand put forth
by the people of Hyderabad-Karnataka which is HORTICULTURE
having diverse climatic conditions and farming +RUWLFXOWXUHLVDVLJQLÀFDQWDQGXSFRPLQJVHFWRU
situations. It is the third Agricultural University in Karnataka. Horticulture has proved to be the
established in the state after Bengaluru and EHVW GLYHUVLÀFDWLRQ RSWLRQ IRU DJULFXOWXUDO ODQG
Dharwad in Karnataka. use, because of assured and the remunerative
Mandate: The University has a threefold returns to the farmers. The diverse agro-climatic
mandate of Education. Research and Extension. conditions prevailing in the state are quite
Impart education in all branches of study in congenial for growing different Horticulture crops
Agriculture and Agricultural Engineering. successfully, almost throughout the year, the
Conduct applied strategic and basic research usefulness of Horticulture has been specially
in all branches of Agriculture and Agricultural felt in scanty rainfall and drought prone areas of
Engineering. Assist in transfer of technology to the State, as several perennial Horticulture crops
the farming community through extension and SURYLGH DQ HIIHFWLYH GURXJKW SURRÀQJ DJDLQVW
outreach. the odds of the nature and assure the farmers
satisfactory returns even during the years of
Mission: University of Agricultural Sciences, GHÀFLWUDLQIDOO7KLVLVWKHUHDVRQZK\KRUWLFXOWXUH
Raichur shall persuade the needs of Agricultural crops are fast replacing agriculture crops in dry
education to sensitize the farming community WUDFWVRIWKHVWDWH$QRWKHULPSRUWDQWEHQHÀWWKDW
ZLWK VFLHQWLÀF LQQRYDWLRQV VKRUW DQG ORQJ the farmers can avail is related to value addition
term way outs for the tribulations faced by the of several horticulture produce, which offers very
farming community through research for growth good scope for meeting the needs of different
and sustainability of Agriculture sector and strata of consumers. With the onset of protected
outreaching the technologies to uplift the socio- cultivation and consequent high quality produce,
economic status of the farming community the horizons of export have greatly been expanded,
through strong extension linkages. It has forged offering unlimited scope to hi-tech farmers in
collaboration with some of the National and the state, Of late, in response to the increasing
International best educational institutes and awareness for nutritional security, consumption
Universities, top private ÀUPV LQ DJULFXOWXUDO of protective food such as fruits and vegetables
research and number of NGOs involved in has greatly increased and this has helped to hike
development of Agriculture. Thus “Greening the the production process. The aesthetic needs of
life of farming community through Education, the people are also warranting for expanding the
Research and Extension” is set as the motto. GHPDQGVIRUÁRZHUVDQGWKHLUSURGXFWVUHVXOWLQJ
University of Agricultural and Horticultural LQ DQ LQFUHGLEOH ERRVW IRU ÁRULFXOWXUH EH
Sciences, Shivamogga traditional or hi-tech. With all these developments
University of Agricultural and Horticultural that are taking place, the horticulture in the state
6FLHQFHV 6KLYDPRJJD LV WKH ÀUVW ,QWHJUDWHG has opened new vistas of hopes and bright future
University in the state of Karnataka, which has for the farmers of the state.
both agricultural and horticultural sciences Historical Background: The growth of
under its purview. The University is functioning Horticulture in the state has a thrilling historical
from 21st September, 2012 through a Special background, which reveals several interesting
*D]HWWHQRWLÀFDWLRQRI.DUQDWDND$FW1RRI facts, milestones of achievements and pride
288
2012 and has come into independent existence legacies. Although some Horticulture crops
were grown in the State since time immemorial, Superintendent, Bengaluru Division and
their cultivation on commercial scale started Dr.Kirkpatrick, was set up to take measures to
MXVW WZR DQG D KDOI FHQWXU\ EHIRUH WKH ÀUVW preserve all the interesting botanical species; and
acknowledgeable credit for initiation of cultivation to make the garden attractive. Much work was
of Horticulture crops in the state undoubtedly done in the next two years. After a lapse of two
goes to Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan. During years, in 1858, Sir William Hooker, Director of
1760, Hyder Ali started a small royal orchard the Royal Botanical Gardens, selected Mr.Kew,
near Bengaluru Fort, which was called by the as the Superintendent of the Lalbagh Botanical
name Lalbagh. After him, Tippu Sultan improved Garden.
this garden by making systematic layouts and
The real developmental works in Lalbagh started
undertaking comprehensive planting programme.
from the year 1874, when John Cameron took
He collected several important native and exotic
charge of the garden. Vigorous and systematic
VSHFLHV RI ÁRZHUV IUXLWV YHJHWDEOHV DQG WKH
introduction and expansion of the garden took
plants obtained from several far off places such
place during his tenure. From original area of 45
as Malacca, Isle of France, Oman Arabia, Persia,
acres, Lalbagh was expanded to 100 acres by the
Turkey, Zanzibar, France and other European
turn of the 19th century. The renowned Glass
countries. At Srirangapatna, his capital, he
House was constructed during his period in 1889.
had established another garden of fame by the
The credit of starting commercial cultivation of
same name as Lalbagh, in which also he had
several fruits, vegetables and plantation crops,
introduced several ornamental and horticulture
undoubtedly goes to John Cameron. His long term
plants. At Ganjam, near Srirangapatna, he had
RI RIÀFH IURP WR LV UHJDUGHG DV WKH
developed a vast Fig orchard, Several of the fruits
‘Golden Period’ of plant introductions at Lalbagh.
species, which Tipu Sultan had introduced then,
eventually became the commercial crops of the G.H.Krumbiegal assumed the charge of Lalbagh
then Mysuru province, and to quote a few are: Fig, in 1908. He did memorable works in Lalbagh, as
Mulberry (for sericulture), Grapes, Pomegranate, well as Mysuru State. Like his predecessor, he
Rose, several European vegetable crops etc. also introduced several plant species, including
ALLIED ACTIVITIES
AGRICULTURE AND
5RPH %HDXW\ $SSOH +H EHDXWLÀHG /DOEDJK ZLWK
After the fall of Tipu Sultan in the year 1799,
large number of native and exotic species and
the Lalbagh was taken over by the English and as
gave special impetus to the creation of Park
far as can be traced, it was owned by a military
and Gardens in Bengaluru and Mysuru cities,
botanist, Major Waugh and remained in his
including the famous Brindavan Gardens at
possession until 1819. Then he gifted this garden
Krishnaraja sagara reservoir, near Mysuru. He
to the Marques Warren Hastings, the Governor
also started the Mysuru Horticulture Society, in
General of the East India Company, who in turn
1912 and through this Society, started regular
appointed Dr. Wallich, the Superintendent of the
Flower Show at Lalbagh. He also opened the
Royal Botanical garden, Calcutta, as the incharge
Bureau of Economic Plants and Horticulture
Deputy Superintendent of the Lalbagh Botanical
Training School. He served the Department for
gardens. This arrangement continued till 1831.
memorable 25 Years and retired in the year 1932.
On the British usurpation of the province of
Mysuru in 1831, Lalbagh passed into the hands H.C.Javaraya took the charge of Lalbagh and
of Sir Mark Cubbon, the Chief Commissioner Horticulture Development in the Mysuru state
of Mysuru. In 1839, the affairs of the Lalbagh in 1932. He was trained in the Royal Botanical
Botanical Gardens were transferred to the Agri- Garden at Kew, London. He took up the all-round
Horticultural Society, Calcutta. The Society development of Horticulture in the State. With
ceased to exist in 1842 and the Garden once the establishment of the Fruit Research Station
again came under the management of the Chief at Hesarghatta, Bengaluru, in 1938, he was able
Commissioner until 1856. to conduct many adaptive research trials related
WRYDULRXVIUXLWFURSV7KHÀUVW+RUWLFXOWXUHIDUP
In August 1856, Lalbagh was made the
was started at Maddur in 1942 to demonstrate the
Government Botanical Garden, becoming entirely
cultivation of Horticulture crops and production
a government establishment. A committee
of vegetable seeds and planting material for the
with the Secretary to the Commissioner, the 289
farmers.
In 1963, consequent to the formation of the Horticulture provides excellent opportunities
separate Department of Horticulture, several in raising the income of the farmers even in
schemes were transferred from Agriculture WKH UDLQIHG WUDFWV $ VLJQLÀFDQW VKLIW WRZDUGV
KARNATAKA
Department to this newly created department.
HAND BOOK OF
horticulture is evident in the state with an increase
Horticulture Produce Co-operative Marketing in area and production. Horticulture provides
Society (HOPCOMS) and Nurserymen’s co- higher unit productivity and offers great scope for
operative society were established. Horticulture value addition and this sector is taking inroads
farms and nurseries were established and throughout the length and breadth of the state.
developed as progeny orchards and demonstration Karnataka having the highest acreage under dry
centres for new crops and adoption of new farming in the country next only to Rajasthan,
horticulture technology. Seed testing, soil testing has a great potential to grow high value but less
and plant protection laboratories were started at water demanding horticultural crops.
Lalbagh, Bengaluru. Several parks and gardens
were laid out in different cities and towns of the Horticulture sector has emerged as an important
State. The area of Lalbagh Botanical Garden component of the economy of our State and has
was expanded to 240 acres and planted with contributed more than one third share to the
additional native and exotic species of plants. economy of agriculture and allied sectors. In
Principles and practices of Rainfed horticulture many dry regions of the State, Horticultural crops
technologies were demonstrated in most of the have evolved as an alternative crop to agricultural
horticultural farms. This inspired the farmers of crops. Horticulture crop covers an area of 20.76
the State to practice Rainfed horticulture on vast lakh hectares and the annual production is
rainfed and drought prone tracts of the State. The 189.02 lakh Metric Tons. The average productivity
importance of mixed cropping and inter cropping of horticultural crops in the State is 9.10
in horticulture areas got special attention of the Metric Tons per hectare. The annual value of
farming community as these cropping systems Horticultural products produced in the State is
DVVXUHG PLQLPXP ÀQDQFLDO UHWXUQV .DUQDWDND Rs.43,403.45 crore and constitutes 37.18% of the
LV WKH ÀUVW 6WDWH LQ WKH HQWLUH &RXQWU\ WR KDYH total income from entire agriculture sector. The
a separate Horticulture Department, and many share of Horticultural produces in total GSDP of
other States, at later years, followed the example the state is 3.84%.
of Karnataka.
Vision: To increase the income and livelihood
Karnataka occupies a prominent place in the of farmers in the state through the development
Horticulture map of the country. It has registered of horticulture and horticultural sector. Mission:
a rapid growth in the last decade. The State 1.To achieve 6% annual growth rate in
Government has undertaken several initiatives horticulture sector by increasing area,
to bolster the growth in this sector. The major production and productivity of Horticulture
initiatives include a) area expansion programme b) crops. 2.To conserve soil and water resources
providing micro irrigation c) providing assistance by its limited utilization. 3.By formulating and
to farmers d) disease and pest management LPSOHPHQWLQJ VSHFLÀF FHQWUDO DQG VWDWH VHFWRU
e) mechanization f) postharvest management schemes for the development of Horticulture and
and marketing and g) providing infrastructure Horticultural sector as business venture by
facilities. With the successful implementation cultivating crops which provide income livelihood
of these programmes, area and production of and nutrition. 4. To encourage investment in
horticultural crops have increased over a time. Post-Harvest Technology and management to
The Horticulture crops which were grown in an reduce the Post-Harvest loss of Horticulture
area of 15.80 lakh ha with a total production of crops. 5. Promoting good quality education,
over 124.00 lakh tones at the end of VIII plan extension and research (Horticulture University)
period has been extended to an area of 19.02 lakh to face Horticultural challenges and develop
hectares and recorded production of 152.13 lakh appropriate technologies.
tones during the year 2010-11. The total income
generated from the horticulture sector accounts 2EMHFWLYHV 1. To strengthen Horticulture
to over 40 per cent of the total income derived from research (Horticulture University), extension
of advanced technologies and formulation and
290 the combined agriculture sector. This accounts
for 17 per cent of the GDP of the state. LPSOHPHQWDWLRQRIUHJLRQVSHFLÀFVFKHPHV7R
increase the production of Horticultural crops. present, this scheme is a sub scheme of Mission
3. To improve Post-Harvest Management and for Integrated Development of Horticulture
Marketing linkages. 4. To encourage conservation (MIDH) of 2014-15.
of natural resources and environment. 5. To
2EMHFWLYHVRIWKH3URJUDPPH Enhancing quality
DVVLVW FHUWLÀFDWLRQ RI +RUWLFXOWXUH SURGXFHV
and productivity of major Horticultural crops
6. Support by providing infrastructure and
adopting new innovative technology. To develop
essential services.
horticulture in clusters approach. To improve
The State Government has undertaken several standard of living of farmers by increasing their
initiatives to boost the growth in this sector. income. To provide employment opportunities to
The major initiatives include 1) Area expansion unemployed youths.
programme 2) Providing micro irrigation under
Major Programmes: Adoption of protected
Pradhana Mantri Krishi Sinchayi Yojane 3)
cultivation method, rejuvenation of the
Horticulture extension and training 4) Disease
unproductive orchards, rainwater harvesting,
and pest management 5) Rashtriya Krishi Vikas
organic farming, induction of Integrated
Yojane (RKVY) 6) Comprehensive Horticulture
Nutrition Management (INM) and Integrated
Development 7) Assistance to Horticulture Boards
Pest Management (IPM), providing post harvest
and Corporations 8) Biotechnology 9) Apiculture support, improving marketing, enhancing the
10) Karnataka watershed development project technical knowledge and skills of farmers,
(Sujala-III) 11) Integrated productivity for farming H[WHQVLRQ RIÀFLDOV DQG HQWUHSUHQHXUV WKURXJK
in Coconut 12) Krishi Bhagya Yojane (KBY) 13) an array of training programmes. During the
Sub Mission Agricultural Mechanization (SMAM) year 2018-19, an amount of Rs.216.66 crores is
14) National Ayush Mission. allocated and Rs.60.17 crore was spent upto the
Category wise area under Horticultural crops end of November 2018.
in the State for the period 2012-13 to 2016-17 is
'XULQJ WKHDQQXDOSK\VLFDO ÀQDQFLDO
given in Table 4.16.
targets for area expansion of major categories of
ALLIED ACTIVITIES
Table 4 . 1 6 : Category wise area under horticulture crops like fruits, plantation crops,
AGRICULTURE AND
horticultural crops in karnataka (Lakh ha. VSLFHV ÁRZHUV DQG DURPDWLF FURSV DUH
ha. and Rs. 16.17 Crore respectively. Financial
Garden/ Comme Aro-
Vege- Spice Medicinal
Year Fruits
tables Crops
Planta- rcial
Plants
matic
Total assistance of Rs. 11.28 Crore has been provided
tion Flowers Plants
for area expansion of 5426.17 ha upto the end of
2012-13 3.77 4.03 1.71 8.51 0.30 0.02 0.02 18.36
November-2018. During 2018-19 more emphasis
2013-14 3.87 4.46 2.00 8.56 0.30 0.02 0.01 19.22
is given for providing water storage structures,
2014-15 3.94 5.03 2.24 8.81 0.31 0.02 0.01 20.37
mechanization, protected cultivation and Post
2015-16 4.03 4.82 2.21 9.05 0.32 0.01 0.01 20.36
Harvest Management.
2016-17 4.18 4.92 2.48 8.86 0.31 0.001 0.02 20.76
Source : Directorate of Horticulture The Mission has planned to prepare the draft
annual action plan for an amount of Rs.220
Area Expansion Programme: The area expansion
crore for the year 2019-20. Emphasis will be
programme is being taken up under different
schemes. Among those, important ones are given on the following programmes : Post Harvest
National Horticulture Mission, National Mission Management Protected Cultivation Rejuvenation
for Oil seeds and Oil Palm and Comprehensive Programmes. Integrated pest/disease and
Horticulture Development. The details of these Nutrient Management Mechanization. Marketing
schemes and progress in implementation are Infrastructure Programmes.
discussed below. b) National Food Security Mission (NFSM): In
a) National Horticulture Mission (NHM): India, every year about 144 lakh tons of edible oil
For overall development of Horticulture, the is being imported at a total cost of Rs.65,000.00
Government of India started implementation of crores per annum. Therefore, in order to
the National Horticulture Mission (NHM) Scheme decrease National foreign exchange and achieve
in Karnataka since 2005-06. The scheme is being VHOI VXIÀFLHQF\ LQ HGLEOH RLO SURGXFWLRQ ERWK
291
implemented in all 30 districts of the State. At Central and State Govt. are encouraging oil palm
FXOWLYDWLRQ VLQFH 7KH ÀQDQFLDO VKDULQJ taken on exposure visits and imparted training
pattern between Central and State Governments on advance cultivation practices. As on November
is in the ratio of 60:40. -2018, 1,47,004 seedlings have been distributed
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
to the farmers for area expansion.
2EMHFWLYHV RI WKH VFKHPH To increase area
and productivity of oil palm crop in the state. :HOO2UJDQL]HG Marketing Facility: Under Oil
To bring about crop diversity in the state. To Palm Development Programme, in order to
improve the economic status of farmers through purchase the produce of farmers, there is a well
oil palm cultivation. To bridge the existing gap organized buy-back arrangement. The oil palm
between demand and supply of edible oil in the HQWUHSUHQHXUVWRZKRPVSHFLÀFDUHDVKDYHEHHQ
country. To achieve self sustainability in edible allotted, procure the FFBs from the farmers at a
oil production and save foreign exchange involved price declared by the Government. The prices are
GHFLGHG EDVHG RQ VFLHQWLÀF IRUPXOD DSSURYHG E\
in importing edible oil. It is known from survey
Price Fixation Committee, in which the oil palm
that in Karnataka, an area of about 2.60 lakh
farmers, oil palm entrepreneurs are the members.
ha. has potential for oil palm cultivation. Since,
The Committee is headed by Principal Secretary
water is important for development of oil palm,
to Government, Horticulture Department. The
its cultivation is being taken up by farmers
entrepreneurs make payment to the farmers
in the districts which come under Command
once in a month directly to their bank account
areas of Cauvery, Bhadra, Thungabhadra,
through ECS. The FFBs price for the month of
Krishna, Malaprabha and Ghattaprabha through 1RYHPEHUKDVEHHQÀ[HGDW5VSHU
Government approved oil palm entrepreneurs. ton of FFBs. The Central Govt. has allocated an
For integrated oil palm development, the amount of Rs.292.33 lakh for the year 2018-19.
responsibility of nursery raising, area exp ansion, Under State Sector an amount of Rs.1007.86 lakh
distribution of inputs, procurement of Fresh Fruit and under District Sector program an amount of
Bunches (FFBs) and establishment of processing Rs.60.01 lakh has been allocated.
mill has been entrusted to Private partners. C) Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana
Hence, this programme is being implemented (PMKSY): Water is the most important input in
in a Public Private Participation (PPP) module. Agriculture sector especially for Horticulture
Currently, 3 entrepreneurs are operating in crops. Micro Irrigation system not only increases
Karnataka. In order to protect the interest of oil WKHZDWHUXVHHIÀFLHQF\LWDOVRKHOSVLQLPSURYLQJ
palm farmers, oil palm entrepreneurs and oil yield, quality of produce, reduced dependency on
palm industry as a whole, the State Government labour and in reducing weed menace. Karnataka
has passed the “Oil Palm Cultivation, Production is one of the pioneering states in recognizing the
and Processing Regulation Bill” during the year advantages of Micro-Irrigation (Drip Irrigation &
2013.Currently in the State, around 9312 farmers Sprinkler Irrigation) and has been promoting its
are cultivating oil palm in an area of about 11,000 use among the farmers since 1991-92. During
ha out of which 4500 ha is under bearing. The 2014-15, the assistance for Micro Irrigation was
annual production of oil palm FFBs is about a part of On Farm Water Management (OFWM)
15000 M.T, out of which about 2583 M.T of Crude under the new scheme National Mission on
Palm Oil (CPO) is being extracted. Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA).
In order to encourage the farmers to take The Government of India has instructed to
up oil palm cultivation, the farmers are being implement the micro irrigation (NMSA/OFWM)
provided with various kinds of assistance. To under Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana
establish oil palm plantations, farmers are given (PMKSY) from 2015-16. For the year 2018-19,
input assistance at the rate of Rs.20,000/- per Central Government has allocated Rs.14693.00
hectare in the form of inorganic fertilizers for an lakh under Per Drop More Crop component
initial period of four years or pre-bearing period Central Share to Horticulture. As per the GOI
and planting material subsidy at Rs.11,912/- letter No-11-42/2015-Hort dated 10.11.2015 as
per hectare. Subsidies are also extended for the per the (Sharing pattern between Central and
purchase of various implements; inter cropping, State government) 60:40 this scheme has to be
292
borewell and diesel pumpset. Farmers are also implemented. If 90% of assistance is provided to
all categories of farmers in Karnataka State, the knowledge among the rural youth, a horticulture
sharing pattern of Central and State is as follows: training Institute was established in the year
1995-96 in Lalbagh, Bengaluru. Currently, there
As per above sharing pattern between central
are 11 training centers functioning. Every
and state government, as per Government order:
year, about 400-450 Farmer’s children are being
HCD/101/HPP/2018 Bengaluru Dated; 27-07-
trained in these centers.10 months training will
2018 during 2018-19, Annual action plan of Rs.
be given to farmers children in these 11 training
44,525 lakh has been approved and permitted
centers.
to continue to provide the 90% subsidy by
increasing the state share to all categories of (a) Horti-clinic Activities: Horticulture
farmers up to two ha and from above two ha and information and consultancy center, Horti-clinic
XSWRÀYHKDVXEVLG\SURYLGHGDVSHU*2,QRUPV was established during the year 2010-11. At
under Centrally Sponsored Micro Irrigation under present, 1 State level horti-clinic, 28 district level
PMKSY. Under Micro Irrigation Scheme for the horti-clinics are working. Activities of the scheme:
year 2018-19 as per vol-III, Rs.23,400 lakh Collecting and publishing recent technology about
budget provision has under state sector new technologies for Development of Horticulture.
scheme, Rs.1,161 lakh budget provision has been To Prepare Horticulture Project for adoption of
made under district sector scheme. horticulture schemes and to prepare project
Horticulture Extension and Training : Various proposal for bank loan, Giving information about
media are functioning to give information about horticulture schemes. Acting as Nodal Center
the new technologies and improved hybrid by Providing Technical staff for Horticulture
varieties of crops to farmers. To conduct these Development. Conducting training to farmers
programmes effectively, Horticulture Extension in Horti-clinic Centers. Organizing training
and Training scheme is being implemented. The SURJUDPV VWXG\ WRXU WR WKH )DUPHUVRIÀFHUV
following main activities are being taken up under Horticulture Department and University of
this programme. Horticultural Sciences to organize tri-monthly
ZRUNVKRSIRUWKHRIÀFHUV
ALLIED ACTIVITIES
Horticulture Extension: The newly developed
AGRICULTURE AND
(b) Flower Shows: Conducting District/State
technologies and improved hybrid varieties
OHYHO WUDLQLQJV DQG ÁRZHU VKRZ SURJUDPPHV WR
of high yielding potential crops information
provide information about recent development
is given to farmers through various media to
in horticulture for interested farmers and public.
enable them to adopt it and get better returns.
During the year 2017-18, an amount of Rs. 574.94
Training programmes are also conducted by the
lakh has been allocated, of which Rs. 570.45 lakh
Horticulture Department on the latest available
has been spent. For the year 2018-19, Rs. 688.12
technologies in horticulture to farmers and
lakh has been allocated and Rs. 236.86 lakh has
RIÀFHUV
been released out of which Rs. 130.45 lakh were
Activities of Horticulture Information Center: spent till the end of November -2018.
Participating in National and International
Integrated Pest and Disease Management
Flower / Horticulture Shows, Krishimela,
in Horticultural Crops: To increase the yield of
5HSXEOLFGD\DQG,QGHSHQGHQFH'D\ÁRZHUVKRZ
Horticultural crops by protecting them from pests
etc., to provide information about Department
and diseases, Integrated Management of Pests
schemes. Organizing Trainings, Horticulture
and Disease Programme is being implemented by
Day, Seminars, Workshops etc. Printing and
the Department. To control pests and diseases in
distribution of Brochure / Technical Bulletin
Horticultural crops, subsidy is being provided to
/ Manuals /Calendars / Blowups / CD / the farmers for purchase of Bio-pesticide, plant
Advertisement etc. Purchasing and distribution based pesticide, chemical pesticides. In addition,
of books, magazines/Journals of Horticulture pest surveillance is undertaken in different
from the Universities/Research centers. districts to predict the outbreak of pest and
3UHSDUDWLRQRIGRFXPHQWDU\ÀOPVRQ+RUWLFXOWXUH diseases and create awareness in the management
Development and Departmental Schemes. of pests and diseases like eriophyidmite, black-
Horticulture Training Programme: In order headed caterpillar, stem bleeding, tomato leaf curl
virus, bacterial blight and koleroga of arecanut. 293
to enrich theoretical, practical and creative
HAND BOOK OF
294
KARNATAKA
2EMHFWLYHV Production of parasites in Department laboratories and release them free of cost in the affected Coconut gardens for the control of
Black headed caterpillar. Assistance to farmers for purchase of plant protection chemicals to control the pest and diseases of Horticulture crops.
During 2017-18, Rs. 336.44 lakh has been spent as against release of Rs. 342.54 lakh. During 2018-19, the budget is allocated for parasite
production, brachimeria production, assistance for chemicals purchase, staff salary, tour allowance and others, special component programme
and tribal sub plan. As on November 2018, Rs.831.15 lakh has been released, out of which Rs. 770.54 lakh has been spent. There are 26 parasite
laboratories in the department wherein 461.50 lakh Goniozus parasites and 1 lakh Brachymeria parasites were produced and released during
'XULQJ ODNK*RQLR]XVSDUDVLWHVZHUHSURGXFHGXSWRHQGRI1RYHPEHUDQGGLVWULEXWHGWRWKHEHQHÀciaries for
releasing in coconut garden.
Table 4 . 1 7 Geographical, Cultivable and Horticultural Area in Karnataka State during 2014-15, 2015-16 and 2016-17
Area under % age of Area under % age of Horticultural % age of Horti-
Sl. Cultivable Net Area % age of Cultivable Area
Year Geographical Area Horticultural Horticultural Crops to Cropped Area to Culti- cultural Area to
No Area Sown to Geographical Area
Crops Geographical Area vable Area Net Area Sown
1 2016-17 19050068 11778938 9855000 61.83 2076294 10.90 17.63 21.07
2 2015-16 19050068 12008583 10006341 63.04 2035801 10.69 16.95 20.35
3 2014-15 19050068 12138603 10133824 63.72 2036597 10.69 16.78 20.10
Source: Department of Horticulture 2014-15,2015-16 and 2016-17.
Table 4 . 1 8 Details of Category-Wise Area, Production, Yield and Value of Horticultural Crops in
Karnataka State during 2015-16 & 2016-17
2016-17 2015--16
Sl.
Groups Percentage of Horticulture crops
No
Area Production Yield Value Area Production Yield Value
Area Production Value
1 Fruit Crops 4.18 71.12 17.02 15897 20.13 37.63 36.63 4.03 66.48 16.50 12371
2 Vegetable Crops 4.92 81.31 16.51 9668 23.72 43.02 22.27 4.82 83.45 17.30 11243
3 Spice Crops 2.48 8.12 3.28 3736 11.92 4.30 8.61 2.11 7.28 3.45 3215
4 Plantation Crops 8.86 25.97 2.93 13084 42.65 13.74 30.14 9.05 31.46 3.48 16151
5 Commercial Flowers 0.31 2.33 7.62 989 1.47 1.23 2.28 0.32 2.32 7.22 897
6 Medicinal Plants 0.00* 0.01 1.90 4 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.11 8.28 14
7 Aromatic Plants 0.02 0.14 8.40 25 0.08 0.08 0.06 0.01 0.13 11.07 32
State Total 20.76 189.02 9.10 43403 100.00 100.00 100.00 20.36 191.24 9.39 43923
Source : Department of Horticulture 2014-15, 2015-16 and 2016-17.
Sub Mission Agricultural Mechanization (SMAM) Partnership (PPP-IHD). 3.To provide impetus
Assistance to Purchase of farm Equipments: to low cost mechanization that could provide
Agricultural land area in world as limited, but HIIHFWLYH VROXWLRQV IRU LQFUHDVLQJ HIÀFLHQF\
the demand for food is ever increasing due to in farming operations. 4. Computerization of
population growth. To increase productivity in Department schemes to have a more informed
the limited land so as to meet the expanding view of the status of various activities and allow
demand arising from population growth as well quicker implementation. 5. To help the farmers
as higher income is very important mission. To WR WDNH XS VFLHQWLÀF FXOWLYDWLRQ RI YDULRXV IUXLWV
LQFUHDVH SURGXFWLYLW\ WLPHO\ DQG SUHFLVH ÀHOG DQG YHJHWDEOH FURSV E\ IROORZLQJ VFLHQWLÀF
work is necessary. To make it possible, various management practices and providing necessary
missions are playing important role. Availability inputs. 6. To give greater impetus to Post Harvest
of farm power is lower in the state than other handling and value addition of Horticultural
VWDWHV 6R VLJQLÀFDQW QHFHVVLW\ LV WR SURPRWH FURSV 7R LPSURYH WKH ÀQDQFLDO VWDWXV RI
for mechanization as a special mission under growers of Horticulture Crops. 8. To strengthen
Sub Mission on Agricultural Mechanization Centers of Excellence for Floriculture, Training
(SMAM) will be implemented in accordance with and Protected Cultivation situated at Shivamogga,
guidelines. Maddur and Hassan for the demonstration
of advanced technologies. 9.Dissemination
2EMHFWLYHV Increasing the reach of farm
RI DGYDQFHG DQG VFLHQWLÀF WHFKQRORJLHV LQ
mechanization to small and marginal farmers
Horticulture to the farming community.Various
and to the regions where availability of farm power
important programmes implemented under RKVY
is low. Creating awareness among stake holders
through demonstration and capacity building (a) Incentives for Post Harvest Management
activities. Ensuring performance testing and Activities in Horticulture: In the state, horticulture
FHUWLÀFDWLRQ DW GHVLJQDWHG WHVWLQJ FHQWHU ORFDWHG crops are grown to an extent of 20.76 lakh ha, with
all over country. an annual production of 189.02 lakh tons. The
diverse agro climatic conditions and crop diversity
During the year 2017-18, Under National
ALLIED ACTIVITIES
prevailing in Karnataka, makes it possible to grow
AGRICULTURE AND
Mission on Agricultural Extension and Tech
various types of horticultural crops. Though,
nology ( NMAET ) Scheme for implementation
the production of horticultural crops is steadily
of SMAM Rs. 2500 lakhs was allocated. But,
increasing, approximately 20-30% of the fruits
the fund was released last week of March-2018
and vegetables are wasted due to improper Post
DQGWKHIXQGZDVQRWVSHQWGXULQJWKHÀQDQFLDO
Harvest Management practices.
year. The fund was revalidated for the year 2018-
19 for implementation of scheme and fund has $LPV DQG 2EMHFWLYHV To give greater impetus
been released on 31st July 2018. At the end to Post Harvest handling, Processing and Value
RI 1RYHPEHU² WKH ÀQDQFLDO SURJUHVV LV 5V addition of Horticultural crops. To encourage
843.863 lakh. farmers groups and entrepreneurs to establish
horticultural crop based processing and value
Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY):
addition units, suiting to the requirements of the
Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY) is a
region and the needs of the consumer.
Centrally Sponsored Scheme which is focused
to reorient the development strategies for (b) Precision Farming in Banana/Horticulture
rejuvenation of agriculture and allied sectors crops : Karnataka is the leading producer of
and to meet the needs/demands of farmers. fruits and vegetables in the country, out of the
The Scheme is designed to incentivize the State total cultivable area of 117.78 lakhs hectare
and to draw up plans for Horticulture more horticulture crops are grown in an area of about
comprehensively and to set up investment in 20.76 lakhs hectares. The demand for fresh fruit
Horticulture. This scheme is being implemented and processed fruit products has high demand
since 2008-09 in all the 30 districts of the State. due to the globalization and the open market in
the agriculture and horticulture sector, which
2EMHFWLYHV 1.To assist farming community by
has a great deal of exports. To improve the
formation of Farmer Producer Organizations.
social and economic status of Scheduled Caste
2.Augmenting the Government efforts in 295
and Scheduled Tribe farmers by cultivation of
horticultural development through Public Private
horticultural crops the scheme Precision Farming heavy metals, active ingredients in medicinal
in Horticulture crops under Rashtriya Krishi and aromatic plants, quality parameters in Bio-
Vikas Yojana is being implemented in 27 districts fertilizers and Bio-control agents and nursery
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
of the state during 2018-19. activities are taken up under this project. An
amount of Rs.990.22 lakh was released under this
Objectives: The main objective of the program
project during 2017-18, of which Rs.724.75 lakh
is to raise the productivity levels by educating
has been utilized for strengthening Bio-centers
WKH IDUPHUV KHOSLQJ WKHP WR WDNH XS VFLHQWLÀF
at Hulimavu, Bengaluru, Belagavi, Davanagere,
cultivation, using tissue culture plants, drip
Mysuru and Bidar. The unspent balance amount
irrigation, fertigation, mulching, integrated of Rs.265.20 lakh has been revalidated and
nutrition and appropriate plant protection released for the strengthening of Department
measures. During the year 2017-18, an amount Biocenters located at Bidar, Davanagere, Mysuru
RI 5V ODNK ZDV UHOHDVHG ZLWK D ÀQDQFLDO and Plant Nutrition Lab at Hulimavu, Bengaluru.
achievement of Rs.398.30 lakh covering about Action has been taken for the utilization of this
2801 acres. In 2018-19, the scheme is being funds.
LPSOHPHQWHG ZLWK D ÀQDQFLDO WDUJHW RI 5V
lakh and physical target of 631.6 acres. As on During 2018-19, an amount of Rs.199 lakh has
November 2018, an amount of Rs. 66.89 lakh been earmarked out of which Rs.183 lakh has
has been spent out of Rs.100 lakh released with a been released upto the end of November 2018 to
physical achievement of 407.87acres. strengthen the existing Department Bio-center
laboratories. In the current year, civil works/
(c) Mechanization : It has become very essential infrastructure work/purchase of Lab Equipment
to encourage production and post harvest is in progress at Bio-centers of Mysuru, Bidar
activities in horticulture because of increase in and Davangere. So far, an amount of Rs.40.22
the value of horticulture production in the state. lakhs has been utilised for civil works in Mysore
Horticultural Mechanization is a solution for Biocenter.
the problems like severe shortage of agricultural
labourers and sharp increase in labour cost. e) Implementation of PPP-IHD : PPP-IHD Project
is in accordance with the framework of PPP-IAD
2EMHFWLYHV To reduce the investment cost in of Department of Agriculture and Co-operation,
horticulture. To decrease the cost of cultivation by Government of India. This project was approved
reducing dependence on labour. “Mechanization under RKVY in the 14th State Level Sanctioning
in Horticulture” is being implemented under Committee (SLSC) for implementation during the
Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY). Only those year 2015-16. The Department of Horticulture
farmers purchasing equipments/machineries has been implementing various schemes for the
from the companies/suppliers empanelled by EHQHÀW RI WKH IDUPHUV IURP VHHG WR PDUNHWLQJ
the Horticulture Department will be assisted in including post harvest handling. However, these
the form of subsidy. During the year 2017-18, an interventions are stand alone in most cases and
allocation of Rs.500 lakh was made, out of which in some cases implemented within clusters of
only Rs. 107.60 lakh was released and Rs.105.05 farmers. Although the majority of the interventions
lakh expenditure was incurred. Subsidy was in the recent past have focused on increasing
JLYHQWREHQHÀFLDULHV'XULQJWKH\HDU the area and production, the department is also
19, the project is approved under Sub-Mission in focusing on development of infrastructure for
Agriculture Mechanization. harvesting, post harvest handling and marketing.
To make use of the technologies developed by the
(d) Strengthening of Departmental Laboratories: private sector for increasing the productivity and
This project is implemented for strengthening reducing the post harvest losses and to ensure
of existing Departmental Laboratories and it is complete value chain for farmers, the involvement
taken up for input production and to take up of the private sector as per the “Framework for
service providing facilities under one roof to supporting PPP-IHD under RKVY seems to be an
achieve productive and sustainable growth in important tool.
Horticulture. Various components like Tissue
Under this Project an amount of Rs.216.19
296 culture, Bio-fertilizers and Bio-control agents,
Analytical facilities-Soil, water, plant tissue, lakh was released for 5 programmes implemented
in 2016-17 of which Rs.167.17 lakh progress $JULFXOWXUH *RYW RI ,QGLD KDV LGHQWLÀHG IDUPHU
was achieved in 4 districts. During 2017-18, producers organizations registered under the
an amount of Rs.600 lakh has been earmarked special provisions of the Companies Act, 2013 as
and Rs.504 lakh is released to 15 projects for the most appropriate institutional form to mobilize
various activities from production to marketing farmers and build their capacity to collectively
of horticulture crops. The total progress of leverage their production and marketing strength.
Rs.431.57 lakh is achieved by the end of 2017-18.
2EMHFWLYHV 1. Mobilizing farmers into groups of
An amount of Rs.500 lakh has been earmarked
between 15-20 members at the village level (called
for the year 2018-19. No budget has been released
Farmer Interest Groups or FIGs) and building up
till date for the current year programmes.
their associations to an appropriate federating
f) Computerisation of Horticulture Department: point i.e., Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs)
The Department of Horticulture currently consisting of 1,000 members from 50 FIGs so as
manages about various subsidy schemes under WR SODQ DQG LPSOHPHQW SURGXFWVSHFLÀF FOXVWHU
which funds are released to farmers throughout commercial crop cycles. 2. Enhancing productivity
the year. Currently the entire process from through best agricultural practices. 3. Ensuring
LGHQWLÀFDWLRQRIEHQHÀFLDULHVWRÀQDOGLVEXUVHPHQW usage of quality inputs and services for intensive
of subsidy is carried out manually by the agriculture production and enhancing cluster
Department. As a consequence, there is lot of competitiveness. 4. Facilitating access to fair and
GLIÀFXOWLHV IDFHG UDQJLQJ IURP QRQWUDQVSDUHQW remunerative markets by linking producer groups
selection process to difference between the actual to marketing opportunities through market
amounts disbursed versus that reported by the aggregators.
YDULRXVWDOXNRIÀFLDOVDWDQ\JLYHQSRLQWRIWLPH
During 2016-17, an amount of Rs.936.89
The processing and reporting functions are also
lakh has been utilized towards formation
very cumbersome.
and maintenance of 73 Farmer Producer
With the above points in mind, the Department Organizations in all the Districts of the State. The
formation and maintenance of FPO is taken up
ALLIED ACTIVITIES
of Horticulture has taken up computerization
AGRICULTURE AND
project covering all aspects of the processing through nodal agency SFAC (Small Farmers Agri-
of subsidy schemes and all the stake holders Business Consortium) with an aim to help the
LQFOXGLQJIDUPHUVDQGRIÀFHVLQYROYHGWKHUHLQ7KH farming community. During 2017-18, an amount
project has been approved during 2015-16 and of Rs. 630 lakh has been earmarked for this
allocation has been made under Rashtriya Krishi project but the amount has not been deposited
Vikas Yojana (RKVY). An amount of Rs.1045 lakh to SFAC as the progress has not been achieved.
was released during 2016-17 for this project. The For the year 2018-19, no targets have been set for
project was continued during 2017-18 with an FPO formation.
allocation of Rs.374 lakh. During 2018-19, an
K ,QWHJUDWHG 'HYHORSPHQW RI 6FLHQWLÀF %HH
amount of Rs.300 lakh has been earmarked, out
Keeping: The Department of Horticulture is
of which the entire amount has been released upto
implementing Bee keeping development schemes
the end of November 2018 for Computerisation of
since 2011-12, after the transfer of Bee Keeping
Horticulture Department. An amount of Rs.253
wing from Industries and Commerce Department
lakh has been utilised as on November 2018 and
to Horticulture Department. Since then, the
Software and Hardware programme development
department is implementing Bee keeping
is in progress.
development programmes under State sector
g) Development of Farmer Producers and District sector schemes apart from NHM.
2UJDQLVDWLRQ )32 Collectivization of producers, However, now under RKVY scheme the department
especially small and marginal farmers, into is implementing Integrated development of
producer organizations has emerged as one of 6FLHQWLÀF %HH .HHSLQJ E\ LQFRUSRUDWLQJ DOO
the most effective pathways to address the many the necessary activities of Human Resource
challenges faced by farmers. Most importantly, Development like seminars/workshops, training
this provides improved access to investments, programmes, exposure visits within and outside
technology and inputs and markets. Department the State, distribution of publicity/propaganda to 297
of Agriculture and Cooperation, Ministry of create awareness, to motivate and create interest
among the farmers/bee keepers specially small taken up for the implementation of activities
and marginal farmers and also to provide required targeted to be taken up under this project. So far
PDFKLQHULHVDQGHTXLSPHQWVWRWDNHXSVFLHQWLÀF DQDPRXQWRI5VÀYHODNKKDVEHHQXWLOL]HG
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
bee keeping in selected 4 districts of the State on a
M 6WUHQJWKHQLQJ RI &HQWHU 2I ([FHOOHQFH
pilot basis. During 2017-18, an amount of Rs.192
For Floriculture at Tunga Horticulture Farm,
lakh was earmarked out of which Rs.183 lakh
Shivamogga. Karnataka is known for Flower
was released and Rs.181.93 lakh was utilised for cultivation since ages. The most grown kinds
Bee Keeping activities as on March 2018. During RI ÁRZHUV DUH 7XEHURVH 0DULJROG -DVPLQH
2018-19, funds have not been earmarked for this &KU\VDQWKHPXP$VWHU*HUEHUDÀHOGJURZQURVH
programme during 2018-19 as there is shortfall white and yellow Chrysanthemum, Gladiolus,
in the total fund allocation for RKVY projects from Dutch Rose of various colors, Anthurium, Orchids
the Govt of India. DQG%LUGRI3DUDGLVH$OOWKHVHÁRZHUVDUHJURZQ
(i) Center of Excellence (Training) in Maddur: mostly by small and marginal farmers. Most of
them practice this as a family avocation. The
In Integrated horticulture development, on-
FXOWLYDWLRQ RI WUDGLWLRQDO ÁRZHU LV PDLQO\ PHDQW
farm production and use of bio-inputs and
WR VXSSO\ ÁRZHUV WR WKH QHHGV RI WKH local folk,
micronutrient mixtures by the farming community
IRU UHOLJLRXV IXQFWLRQV IRU ÁRZHU GHFRUDWLRQ DQG
is decreasing day by day, whereas non judicious
garland preparation.
use of chemical inputs is increasing every day
in farm activities. This will largely envisage the In Shivamogga, greenhouse cultivation is of
degradation of soil fertility and environmental recent origin and in the past 10 years Gerbera,
hazards. The cost of production is high due to Carnation, Anthurium, and Orchids etc., is
large consumption of chemical inputs resulting in extensively grown in these units with a total
low income and socio-economic problems among number of units approximately around 15. These
the farming community. The alternate remedy is units are of small size varying from 500 sq.mt to
to reduce the use of chemical inputs and increase 1.5 acres. Farmers incur an additional expenditure
the application of bio-inputs and micronutrient towards transportation and have poor facilities for
mixture for crop production with proper soil grading and packing. As a result the produce loses
testing. This will enhance the soil organic matter its quality and the price offered in the market goes
and microbial activity resulting in good crop down many folds. So in this regard, as progressive
growth and increased revenue to the farmers. This IDUPHUV KDYH DOUHDG\ VWDUWHG ÁRZHU FXOWLYDWLRQ
project will cater to the skill training to farmers under green houses, there is lot of enquires for
and departmental extension functionaries on on- IXUWKHUH[SDQVLRQRIDUHDXQGHUÁRULFXOWXUH6R
farm production of bio-inputs and micronutrient there is absolute need for imparting practical
knowledge to the farmers. In this view, there is
mixtures and their use in crop production,
a vision to develop an International Standard
which is a step forward in acquiring production
Technology and Knowledge Driven Floriculture
skills and adoption of technology by the farming
Resource Hub with excellent facilities, market
community. Thus, COE can encourage Integrated
focus products and customized services aimed
+RUWLFXOWXUH 'HYHORSPHQW IRU IDUPHUV RIÀFHUV
for achieving sustainability in Floriculture sector
visitors and tourist.
and enhancing economic development of the
An amount of Rs.50 lakh was released under farming community.
this project during 2017-18, of which the
During 2017-18, an amount of Rs.100 lakh
entire amount was utilized for strengthening
was earmarked for this project for infrastructure
of Center of Excellence (Training) in Maddur.
development of the Center. An amount of Rs.80.00
During 2018-19, an amount of Rs.100 lakh has
lakh was released and the entire amount was spent
been earmarked for this project for integrated
for infrastructure development and purchase of
horticulture development, on-farm production
input materials. During 2018-19, an amount of
and use of bio-inputs and micronutrient mixtures
Rs.100 lakh has been earmarked for this project
by the farming community and procurement of
and as on November 2018, an amount of Rs.50
production protocols for vermiwash technology.
lakh has been released and Rs. 45 lakh has been
As on November 2018, an amount of Rs.50 lakh utilized for procurement of planting materials and
298 has been released and necessary action has been
for civil works.
Comprehensive Horticulture Development: are small and marginal farmers. DoH-GoK has
There is an urgent need to bring about changes taken proactive measures to empower the newly
in the following aspects to set right drawbacks IRUPHG)32VE\SURYLGLQJDUDQJHRIÀQDQFLDODQG
in the chain of Horticulture development in the QRQÀQDQFLDODVVLVWDQFHVXFKDVZRUNLQJFDSLWDO
6WDWH $GRSWLQJ SUHFLVLRQ IDUPLQJ LQ WKH ÀHOG RI in the form of revolving fund, infrastructure
SURGXFWLRQ 6FLHQWLÀF DQG HIIHFWLYH PDQDJHPHQW development assistance along with custom
of water. Post harvest management. Processing, hiring centers (CHCs) and various other types of
value addition, market and export management. WHFKQLFDODQGLQVWLWXWLRQDOEHQHÀWV
To achieve this, a new programme Comprehensive
b) Post Harvest Management: Post harvest
Horticulture Development scheme is being
management is a component under CHD
implemented since 2012-13.
scheme and have been implementing from
2EMHFWLYHV RI WKH VFKHPH To increase the 2014-15. It includes activities related to grape
production and productivity of horticultural crops dehydration, red chilli powdering, vanilla
by 60% by establishing state horticulture on the processing, wine making unit and desiccated
EDVLVRIFRPSUHKHQVLYHVFLHQWLÀFGHYHORSPHQW7R coconut powder units etc. Since Horticulture
HQFRXUDJHIDUPHUVWRJURZSURÀWDEOH+RUWLFXOWXUDO SURGXFH OLNH IUXLWV YHJHWDEOHV DQG ÁRZHU DUH
crops instead of traditional agriculture crops. perishable, it is important to provide proper
To decrease the post harvest loss from 25% to post harvest management practices for these
10% by correcting the defects in post harvest produces.
chain and increasing the quality of horticulture
c) Potato Special Package: With the main
produce. To expand the horticulture crop area
objective of providing subsidy to potato growing
by about 30,161 Ha through establishment of
farmers for purchase of Bio-fertilizers, Plant
around 1300 cluster villages covering all taluks Protection Chemicals and Organic manures to
within a period of 4 years. Adopting improvement prevent Late Blight of potato and for potato crop
in new innovations like drip irrigation, fertigation, insurance, the scheme Potato Special Package is
precision farming and pest and disease being implemented from the year 2012-13.
ALLIED ACTIVITIES
management in Horticulture sector. Better
AGRICULTURE AND
marketing management of horticulture produce. G 6HHG 6XEVLG\ IRU SXUFKDVH RI FHUWLÀHG VHHG
To strengthen the socio-economic status of the potato : To encourage potato growers and
farmers by providing employment opportunity to PDNH DYDLODEOH FHUWLÀHG VHHG SRWDWRHV DW ORZ
around 50,000 families depending on horticulture prices, the scheme is being implemented from
directly and to around 2 lakh people indirectly. WKH \HDU ,Q WKLV VFKHPH FHUWLÀHG VHHG
potato has been procured from Jalandhar, Punjab
The scheme has been implemented on cluster through NSC and distributing to the farmers
mode by grouping the farmers from 2-3 through distributing agencies with a subsidized
neighboring villages willing to grow Horticulture rate.
crops. Training and exposure visits were
conducted for interested registered cluster e) Encouragement for the development of Kitchen
members to enhance their knowledge regarding and terrace garden. Keeping in view of the health
the new technologies and marketing strategies to hazards from waste water irrigation, Government
EHDGRSWHGLQWKHÀHOG of Karnataka, Department of Horticulture is
successfully undertaking Kitchen and Terrace
D )DUPHU 3URGXFHUV 2UJDQL]DWLRQV )32·V Gardening programme under urb an Horticulture
As part of its efforts to strengthen Integrated in urban and peri urban areas providing suitable
Horticultural Development, Department of training to the general public for growing safer
Horticulture, Government of Karnataka (DoH- fruits and vegetables in their kitchen backyards
GoK) has been promoting Farmer Producer and terraces and also providing suitable seed and
Organisations (FPOs) as institutional vehicles for input kits to the urban public which is gaining
mainstreaming of producers in horticultural value much importance.
chains. The primary goal of an FPO is to provide
services that support producers in their farming f) Incentives for Floriculture: Introduction of
activities, including marketing of farm products. DGYDQFHGWHFKQRORJ\LQFXOWLYDWLRQRIÁRZHUFURSV
299
Most shareholders in FPCs promoted by DoH-GoK in Karnataka was started in 1990’s. The progress
PDGH LQ WKLV ÀHOG DWWUDFted the entire Nation. 2EMHFWLYHV Since, there is a drastic reduction in
More and more farmers were attracted towards the ground water due to occurrence of drought
the cultivation of Roses, Carnation, Gerbera, from last 3 years, horticulture crops will be
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
Chrysanthemum, Orchids, Anthurium and other saved by providing irrigation through tankers.
ÁRZHU FURSV XQGHU JUHHQ KRXVH XVLQJ DGYDQFHG During 2017-18, the budget of Rs.800.30 lakh
technology which was lucrative in internal as well has been provided under the Comprehensive
as international markets. Although, cultivation of Horticulture Development scheme with a total
ÁRZHU FURSV XVLQJ DGYDQFHG WHFKQRORJ\ HDUQHG physical target of 1467 nos. for 30 districts of
JRRG SURÀWV LQ WKH LQLWLDO \HDUV GXH WR YDULRXV the state. An amount of Rs. 800.30 lakhs has
UHDVRQV WKH JURZWK LQ ÁRULFXOWXUH LQGXVWU\ been released at the end of March-2018 and the
GHWHULRUDWHGDQGWKRVHZKRZHUHLQWRÁRULFXOWXUH ÀQDQFLDODQGSK\VLFDOSURJUHVVLV5VODNK
business were in a loss. For the survival of the hi- and 1467 no’s respectively. During 2018-19, the
WHFK ÁRULFXOWXUH WKH 'HSDUWPHQW RI +RUWLFXOWXUH budget of Rs.1,110 lakh has been provided under
has implemented a scheme for Incentive to the Comprehensive Horticulture Development
Floriculture under Comprehensive Horticulture scheme with a total physical target of 1396
Development for the year 2018-19. nos. for 30 districts of the state. An amount of
Rs. 476 lakh has been released. At the end of
2EMHFWLYHV 5HYLYDORIH[LVWLQJKLWHFKÁRULFXOWXUH
1RYHPEHU WKH ÀQDQFLDO SURJUHVV LV 5V
units. To introduce the new and commercial
273.86 lakh and the physical progress is 328 no’s.
verities suitable for particular climatic conditions.
7KH SURGXFWLRQSURGXFWLYLW\ RI ÁRZHUV ZLOO EH Karnataka State Mango Development Board
increased. Increased foreign exchange through a) Global GAP (Good Agriculture Practice)
LQFUHDVH LQ SURGXFWLRQ RI H[SRUW TXDOLW\ ÁRZHUV &HUWLÀFDWLRQ IRU PDQJR DQG RWKHU +RUWLFXOWXUH
$YDLODELOLW\ RI JRRG TXDOLW\ ÁRZHUV IRU GRPHVWLF Crops: In the recent days there is lot of
market. It helps the farmers to continue in imposition for agriculture produce with chemical
ÁRULFXOWXUH E\ ERRVWLQJ WKHLU FRQÀGHQFH LQ WKLV residues at international markets; even some
industry. For the year 2018-19, the Annual countries have banned import of chemical
ÀQDQFLDO WDUJHW LV 5V ODNKV DQG SK\VLFDO residual produce. Europe and other countries are
target 36.68 Hectares +15 No’s (Training, Publicity LQVLVWLQJ IRU *$3 FHUWLÀHG SURGXFWV HVSHFLDOO\
DQG SURSDJDQGD LQ ÁRZHU FURSV FXOWLYDWLRQ Fruits and Vegetables. In future days even in
Maintenance). As on end of November -2018, the domestic markets like super markets insists for
ÀQDQFLDO WDUJHW LV 5V ODNK 3K\VLFDO *$3 FHUWLÀFDWLRQ SURGXFWV ,Q WKH YLHZ RI DERYH
target is 24.295 +15 No’s, and the released amount issues adoption of GAP for all agriculture produce
till end of November–2018 is Rs.149.20 lakhs, out is prime important and it is a private sector body
of which 80.2548 lakhs was spent and physically WKDWVHWVYROXQWDU\VWDQGDUGVIRUWKHFHUWLÀFDWLRQ
achieved target was 13.78 hectare. The remaining of agricultural products around the globe.
physical & Financial work is under progress.
2EMHFWLYHV Enhance the quality production for
g) Assistance to purchase Water Tanker: In domestic and international market. Encourage
order to prevent the scarcity of water for farmer’s to adopt good agriculture practice. Minimizing
crops due to occurrence of severe drought since detrimental environmental impacts of farming
last 3 years, there is a provision for subsidy for operations. To enhance higher foreign return.
the purchase of Water tankers vide Government Subsidy pattern: To enhance the quality
order No: HD 264 HCM 2017, Bengaluru, Dated: production and to promote export, an assistance
09.01.2018 for 4,000 and 5,000 litre Water tanker LV SURYLGHG WR REWDLQ *OREDO *$3 FHUWLÀFDWH ZLWK
with an subsidy assistance of 50 per cent limited a unit cost for each hectare is Rs. 51,000/- and
to maximum amount of Rs. 62,500 and Rs. assistance of Rs. 45,000/- per ha. for SC/ST
70,000 respectively to the general farmers and farmers and Rs. 36,000/- per ha. for other farmers
90% limited to maximum amount of Rs. 1,12,500 is provided. During 2017 -18, an allocation of Rs.
and Rs.1,26,000 respectively to the Scheduled 382.50 lakh for 1000 hectares has been made
Caste and Scheduled Tribe farmers as per the IRU *OREDO *$3 FHUWLÀFDWLRQ IRU PDQJR JURZHUV
300 announcement made in the budget speech of Progress: During 2018-19 up to November-18
2017-18 para 40. XQGHU *$3 FHUWLÀFDWLRQ SURJUDPPH +D
FRYHULQJ IDUPHUVZHUHFHUWLÀHGZLWKÀQDQFLDO spice crops. To institutionalize the production,
assistance of Rs.160.25 lakh. marketing and processing spice crops in the state
through the establishment of a statutory board.
b) Establishment of 100 Ripening chambers units
To promote the cultivation of suitable quality
at APMC/Sub APMC Premises in Karnataka State:
spice crops in the state to suit both domestic and
As per the food safety and standards government
international markets. To improve professional
RI ,QGLD LQ LWV RIÀFLDO *D]HWWH 1RWLÀFDWLRQ
VNLOO DQG HIÀFLHQF\ RI WKH IDUPHUV E\ SURYLGLQJ
26/08/16 No.334 New Delhi provided that fruits
PD\EHDUWLÀFLDOO\ULSHQHGE\XVHRIHWK\OHQHJDV VFLHQWLÀFLQIRUPDWLRQ
at a concentration upto 100 ppm depending upon Assistance to Horticulture Boards and
the crop, variety and maturity. Using of carbide Corporations : With an intention of providing
chemical for ripening of fruits is hazardous to comprehensive marketing facility to horticultural
health. Now the ethylene gas for ripening is produce, the State government is giving
globally accepted. Hence, government of Karnataka assistance to horticulture boards and corporation.
in during 2018-19 has proposed to establish 100 2EMHFWLYHV To create infrastructure facilities
ripening chambers units at APMC premises for in district HOPCOMS for Fruit and Vegetables
WKHEHQHÀWRIIDUPHUVDQGDOVRFRQVXPHUV growers and to assure fair price for the crops.
Purpose: 7R SURPRWH XVH HWK\OHQH IRU VFLHQWLÀF To provide corpus fund to Karnataka State Mango
ripening. To provide carbide free good quality Development and Marketing Corporation or
produce to consumers. To encourage direct organizing developmental programmes.To Provide
marketing. To increase shelf life of the produce. Financial Assistance to Karnataka State Wine
To reduce the post harvest losses. Board for organizing developmental programmes.
To Provide Financial Assistance to Lime Board for
Unit capacity: Establishment of ripening
organizing developmental programmes.
chambers units from 5 to 300 ton capacity
with minimum 2 to 10 chambers based on the D .DUQDWDND 6WDWH 0DQJR 'HYHORSPHQW
availability of raw material in the premises of 100 and Marketing Corporation Ltd: Karnataka
ALLIED ACTIVITIES
APMC/Sub APMC of Karnataka state. State Mango Development and Marketing
AGRICULTURE AND
Corporation Ltd. came into existence under the
Subsidy pattern: As per the 2018-19 budgetary
Companies Act 1956 on 19-01-2011. Its Head
allocation, with 25 per cent additional assistance
2IÀFH LV ORFDWHG LQ /DOEDJK %HQJDOXUX Vision:
is provided from mango corporation along
Formulating schemes related to cultivation
with 35 per cent assistance under MIDH for
aspects, Post-harvest Management, Mango Mela
establishment of 100 Ripening chambers units
at APMC/Sub APMC Premises in total 60% DQG([SRUW2ULHQWHGDFWLYLWLHVRQVFLHQWLÀFEDVLV
assistance for each unit will provided with an for comprehensive development of the Mango crop
ÀQDQFLDORXWOD\RI5VODNK and prosperity of mango growers. Mission: To
increase production, productivity and to improve
Progress: During 2018-19, up to November WKH TXDOLW\ RI PDQJR FURS RQ VFLHQWLÀF EDVLV E\
2018, APMC premises of Bengaluru urban, dissemination of excellent technology through
Tumakuru and shivamogga districts, 84 metric training and demonstrations. 2EMHFWLYHV 1.To
ton capacity ripening chamber units were built SURPRWH FXOWLYDWLRQ RI 0DQJRHV RQ VFLHQWLÀF
ZLWKWKHÀQDQFLDODVVLVWDQFHRI5VODNK lines in order to produce good quality fruits
Karnataka State Spices Development Board: suitable for both domestic and export markets.
To increase spice production by area expansion, 2.To assist the farmers and entrepreneurs in post
improvement of productivity, to improve quality, harvest management and marketing of Mangoes.
marketing facilities and to enhance the skills of 3. To give importance for processing and value
farmers by imparting knowledge about spices addition. 4. To earn valuable foreign exchange by
production and processing and for value addition, promoting export trade of Mangoes. 5 To achieve
Karnataka State Spices Development Board JUHDWHU VFLHQWLÀF NQRZOHGJH SURIHVVLRQDO VNLOO
has been established at Hubballi. 2EMHFWLYHV To DQG HIÀFLHQF\ E\ LPSDUWLQJ WUDLQLQJ WR DOO WKH
achieve good progress in this sector by giving stakeholders regarding Mango production and 301
emphasis for comprehensive development of marketing.
E .DUQDWDND :LQH %RDUG To take up the upto the end of November-2018. Under Extension
developmental activities of the Wine Board, and Training Programme, 15 training programmes
budgetary provision has been made under were organized and a total of 504 farmers/public/
KARNATAKA
students have been trained. In the departmental
HAND BOOK OF
Assistance to Boards and Corporations.
labs, a total of 730 and 143 water, soil and leaf
F .DUQDWDND 6WDWH +RUWLFXOWXUH )HGHUDWLRQ
samples were analyzed for macro nutrients &
.+) The 22 Horticultural Produce Marketing
micro nutrients respectively. In addition 152
and Co-operative Societies which have been
samples of organic manure for quality, 28
established at the district level on the lines of samples for residue analysis, 2 samples for heavy
HOPCOMS in Bengaluru are unable to work metal contents have also been analysed. 392
XQGHU SURÀW GXH WR ODFN RI LQIUDVWUXFWXUH DQG SK\WR VDQLWDU\ FHUWLÀFDWHV KDYH EHHQ LVVXHG WR
basic amenities. In this regard, a project for exporters of horticulture produce up to the end
strengthening all district level HOPCOMS through of November-2018.
Karnataka Horticulture Federation has been
approved under RKVY. During 2015-16, the Further, under the scheme of Development
above said programme is being implemented of Departmental Laboratories, upto November-
under Assistance to Boards and Corporations 2018, a total of 2917 and 1547 water, soil and
and not under RKVY. leaf samples were analyzed in Shivamogga and
Belagavi districts respectively. A total of 3000
G /LPH %RDUG The Karnataka State Lime mushroom spawn bottles were produced in
Development Board has been sanctioned by the Mysuru district. The programme Vegetable Seed
Government order No:146/2016/15.02.2017 for Sampling and Analysis is being implemented
the purpose of developing the production and under Development of Departmental Labs scheme
sale of lime in the Karnataka State. since 2011-12. The main objective of the scheme
is to correctly analyse quality of the seed samples
Biotechnology
and thereby control sale of spurious seeds . An
Department of Horticulture has developed
action plan of Rs. 148.10 lakh has been approved
Biotechnology Centres at Hulimavu, Belagavi
for the year 2018-19 under National AYUSH
and Shivamogga all of which have been
Mission and the budget release for the same is
actively functioning. Germplasm conservation,
anticipated.
production of tissue culture saplings, mushroom
development, production of Bio- fertilizers and National AYUSH Mission: An amount of Rs.
Bio-pesticides, soil, water & leaf analysis and 219.341 lakh was approved to Karnataka state
'1$ÀQJHUSULQWLQJDUHWKHLPSRUWDQWSURGXFWLRQ for implementation of Medicinal plants component
and service providing activities being carried out under NAM during 2017-18. Accordingly State
in these centres. Propagation of horticulture Govt has released Rs.25 lakh (as part of 40%
crops including medicinal and aromatic plants state share) out of which Rs.24.27 lakh has been
and production of fruit grafts/seedlings, is also an spent. Central government share of Rs.131.60
important activity of the centre. A total of 4.5 lakh lakh was released dated 01.06.2018 and a total
tissue culture plants have been produced. Virus release amounts to Rs.156.60 lakh, out of which
index has been done for 750 samples by utilizing Rs. 143.973 lakh has been spent and 529.55 Ha
Rs.117.7 lakh. 508 tonnes of bio-fertilizers and physical progress is achieved up to Nov-18.
bio-control agents and vermicompost have been
Apiculture Development Programme: Apiculture
produced by utilizing Rs.35.50 lakh upto the
EHLQJ EHQHÀFLDO WR PDQNLQG LV HPHUJLQJ DV D
end of November-2018 under the Development
SURÀWDEOHLQGXVWU\SURYLGLQJH[SRUWRSSRUWXQLW\
of Departmental Laboratories. $SLFXOWXUHSOD\VDPDMRUUROHLQSURYLGLQJÀQDQFLDO
Training programmes and demonstrations have independence to the practicing beekeepers. As
been arranged at this centre to create awareness Honeybees help cross-pollination in Horticulture
about cultivation and consumption of mushroom, and Agriculture crops, high and good quality
Organic farming, Kitchen & Terrace gardening, yield can be obtained. Having many medicinal
usage of medicinal plants for home remedies, etc. properties, Honey is the gift of nature to the
A total of 21,681 Spawn bottles, 28kg mushroom humankind and Bee keeping can be practiced
302 crop and 4,790 spawn run bags were produced without much investment by landless small and
marginal farmers, women and handicapped.
The department of Horticulture is implementing 19 (up to Dec-2019) for a period of six years in
various programmes for bee keeping development eleven districts of Karnataka namely Bidar,
under State/District sectors and National Chamarajnagar, Davangere, Gadag, Kalaburagi,
Horticulture Mission Schemes. Koppal, Yadgiri, Chikkamagalur, Vijayapura,
Tumakuru and Raichur. To implement this
2EMHFWLYHV To create awareness on the
project totally 2531 micro watersheds have
importance of Honey bees in increasing farm
EHHQ LGHQWLÀHG DLPLQJ WR LQFUHDVH WKH LQFRPH RI
production and on bee keeping and conducting
farmers in rainfed areas by encouraging farmers
training programmes, Distribution of bee boxes,
to cultivate Horticulture Crops.
colonies and stand to the interested bee keepers
on subsidized rates. Providing assistance to 2EMHFWLYHV To increase the production and
interested bee keepers to establish bee nurseries productivity through demonstrations of perennial
and production of disease resistant bee colonies and annual horticulture crops. To establish soil,
(Apiaries). Providing assistance for purchase water and leaf analysis laboratory to identify the
of Honey processing unit. Maintenance and QXWULWLRQDOGHÀFLHQFLHVLQVRLODQGWRPDNHVXLWDEOH
Development of Madhuvanas and nurseries of the recommendations for increasing productivity in
department. To organize Madhumahothsavas/ WKH ÀHOG RI IDUPHUV 7R WDNH XS WUDLQLQJV ÀHOG
Madhumela and tour programmes at State / days and exposure visits to educate the farmers
district level. To give wide publicity for beekeeping on the improved technologies that can be adopted
WKURXJK OHDÁHWV YLGHR DQG DXGLR SURJUDPPHV LQ FURS GLYHUVLÀFDWLRQSRVWKDUYHVW PDQDJHPHQW
To create awareness on bee keeping among and marketing facilities.
EHQHÀFLDULHV GD\V WUDLQLQJ LV EHLQJ JLYHQ
For monitoring the project at state level and for
DQG LQWHUHVWHG EHQHÀFLDULHV DUH EHLQJ JLYHQ
implementation of the various project activities at
assistance i.e Rs. 1,800 for purchase of bee boxes,
the districts, 65 posts are created for which service
FRORQLHV DQG VWDQG 6& DQG 67 EHQHÀFLDULHV DUH
support is provided under the project. A budget of
eligible for 90% assistance, i.e, Rs. 4,050 In
Rs.3200 lakh is allocated for the year 2015-16 and
order to facilitate the production of healthy
ALLIED ACTIVITIES
Rs.2435.71 lakh was spent. For the year 2016-17,
bee colonies farmers are given 50% assistance of
AGRICULTURE AND
Rs. 630 lakh was allocated and spent Rs.593.75
Rs. 50,000 for establishment of Apiaries/Colony
lakh. During 2017-18, Rs. 2200 lakh was
production centers. A budget provision of Rs.20
allocated out of which Rs. 1901.68 lakh was spent.
lakh is made for infrastructure development of
During 2018-19, an amount of Rs.3303 lakh was
Madhuvana at Belagavi, Chikkamagaluru and
allocated. Out of this Rs.1298.53 lakh has been
Kodagu Districts.
spent upto November 2018. Since inception of the
During 2018-19, to implement Apiculture project (2012-13) a cumulative total of Rs.7079.03
Development programmes, an allocation of Rs.100 lakh has been spent upto November-2018. During
lakh under State Sector and Rs.254.25 lakh the project period demonstrations of perennial
under District Sector is earmarked, out of which and annual horticultural crops programmed in
Rs. 100 lakh under State Sector and Rs.227.91 an area of 4189 ha and upto November-2018
lakh under District sector have been released physical progress of 3546 ha. perennials and
up to the end of November-2018 respectively. annuals were achieved. To encourage the co-
Bee keeping training of 2 days duration is given operative Ideology amongst the farmers, 500
WR EHQHÀFLDULHV DQG VXEVLG\ LV JLYHQ WR Farmer Interest Groups (FIGs) were formed and
LQWHUHVWHGEHQHÀFLDULHVIRUWKHSXUFKDVHRI federated to SUJALA-III, 10 FPOs and a study
bee boxes, colonies and stand and to establish 32 on post-harvest and marketing linkages is
SULYDWHPDGKXYDQDZLWKDWRWDOÀQDQFLDOSURJUHVV taken up through consultant to assist the FPO
of Rs. 164.53 lakh. farmers by creating post-harvest infrastructures
like Pack Houses, Pre-cooling Units, Ripening
Karnataka Watershed Development Project-II
Units, Low energy storage Units etc., for this
SUJALA-III: Based on the success of the Sujala-
budget outlay of Rs. 3827 lakh earmarked. So
I, Sujala-II the World Bank assisted Karnataka
for land has been procured by 5 FPOs which
Watershed Development Project-II, Suja1a-III
has been cleared by DCs of Chamarajnagar,
is being implemented from 2012-13 to 2018- 303
Vijayapura, Koppal, Davanagere and Kalaburagi
districts, tender contracts has already been creating awareness among the farmers about
awarded to take up FPOs infrastructural facilities the importance of other products obtained from
such as, collection centres, community pack coconut, it is intended to establish the Coconut
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
houses, solar dehydration unit, custom hiring Products Parks.
centre and farmers one stop shop for which the
2EMHFWLYHV To establish the coconut parks
project is spending Rs. 325 lakh for each FPOs.
similar to that of Industrial parks and providing
These infrastructure work isin progress by the
huge plots with all facilities to interested farmers
contract awardee and works are expected to
so that different coconut processing can be
complete before March 2019. Farm development
produced in one place by different entrepreneurs.
of 6 Departmental Horticulture farms in project
To provide better market facilities and to support
Dist. have been taken up under Sujala-3 for
export of coconut processed products. To provide
demonstration of soil and water conservation
the employment opportunities in coconut growing
works and establishing progeny orchard and
area by establishing coconut processing industries
nursery and spent Rs.229.52 lakh upto end of
in the state. To support the coconut producer
November-2018 since project inception.
FRPSDQLHV ÀQDQFLDOO\ E\ SURYLGLQJ HTXLW\ VKDUH
Integrated Farming in Coconut for Productivity An amount of Rs.0.75 lakh has been released
Improvement Programme: To create awareness during 2017-18 under Establishment of Coconut
among the coconut growers about the adoption Product Parks scheme which is redeposited to
of improved farming systems/new technologies Government. The scheme has been abandoned
in coconut like, Integrated nutrient management, during 2018-19.
Integrated management of pest and disease,
Other important activities undertaken by
adopting inter/mixed cropping practices,
the Department :
moisture conservation methods in coconut
plantation, etc, to increase the farm production a) Assistance to Farmers: Assistance to farmers
for comprehensive development of Coconut is a district sector scheme comprising of 4
crop, which is an important commercial components, Area expansion, Plant Protection,
crop of the State and to get better market Ornamental plant production and Social
price, “ Integrated Farming in Coconut for horticulture. 2EMHFWLYHV Area expansion of
Productivity Improvement Programme” is perennial fruit crops by providing assistance to
being implemented by the department with the farmer. Providing assistance to plant protection.
assistance from Coconut Development Board During 2017-18, Rs. 222 lakh was allocated and
and State Government. The activities that are Rs. 216.11 lakh was spent. During the year 2018-
being implemented are, 1) Establishment and 19, a budgetary provision of Rs. 214.10 lakh has
maintenance of demonstration plots 2) Subsidy been made for this program and the program is
for purchase of plant protection chemicals 3) EHLQJ LPSOHPHQWHG HIIHFWLYHO\ ZLWK D ÀQDQFLDO
Production of TXD hybrid coconut seedlings 4) achievement of Rs. 115.58 lakh up to the end of
Area expansion of coconut crop etc. November, 2018.
2EMHFWLYHV To enhance the productivity of the E 3Xblicity and Literature: By providing
coconut gardens by adoption of integrated farming information to farmers about recent technologies
systems. To increase the farmers’ economy by in Horticulture through various media
growing Hybrid / dwarf coconut plants or inter/ effectively, Publicity and Literature Scheme
mixed crops. To encourage farmers to develop is being implemented throughout the state.
WKHLU&RFRQXWJDUGHQLQWRDPRGHOSURÀWDEOHSORW 2EMHFWLYHV Giving information to farmers about
To provide insurance facility to the coconut palms new developments inhorticulture & encouraging
destroyed by natural calamities. them to adopt the same for earning higher
income. Providing information to farmers
Scheme for establishment of Coconut about the new technologies/developments in
Products Parks : To economically strengthen Horticulture. To increase technical knowledge of
farmers growing Coconut by helping integrated farmers by printing and distributing Brochure/
processing of coconut crop, facilitating better Bulletin/Manuals having technical information
304 market price for coconut products through on the cultivation of horticultural crops and
the establishment of coconut parks and also departmental schemes. Conducting Symposium/
Seminar/workshop/Field day in order to discuss farms. Various infrastructure facilities such as
and implement organic farming, Technical Polyhouse, shadenet and irrigation facilities are
farming and drip irrigation in horticulture crops. being developed in these farms and nurseries.
Conducting District l evel Horticulture shows 'XULQJ WKH \HDU WKH ÀQDQFLDO WDUJHW
and Agriculture & Horticulture Melas. of Rs.1,300 lakhs (including model farm
development as mentioned below) is earmarked
For the year 2017-18, an amount of Rs.145.89
for propagation of various horticulture crops,
lakh has been earmarked & Rs.145.89 lakh
establishment of mother blocks, insect proof
released, out of which Rs.144.31 lakh has been
net, irrigation facilities and construction of
spent. For the year 2018-19, Rs.185.77 lakh has
compound wall/chain link fencing of selected
been allocated out of which, Rs.183.05 lakh
farms and nurseries.
has been released and Rs.50.02 lakh has been
spent till the end of November-2018. Success story: Supply / sale of grafts / seedlings
of different horticulture crops was initiated
c) Training to the Farmers: In order to educate
through “Sasya Sante” a special programme. The
farmers to get better returns by adopting newly
grafts / seedlings of different horticulture crops
developed technologies in Horticulture and
are made available to farmers and public at a
improved hybrid varieties of high yielding
common point of place through special programme
potential crops, training programmes are being
called “Sasya Sante” which was implemeted in all
conducted to farmers through “Training to
districts. In addition to that, Technical information
the Farmers” scheme under zilla Panchayat
on different horticulture crops, installation of
Schemes. Under this programme, both women and
drip irrigation systems was also provided to the
men farmers are being trained in preservation
farming community. Awareness has been created
of fruits and vegetables & Mushroom cultivation.
regarding various schemes of the department.
For the year 2017-18, an amount of Rs. 53 lakh
has been earmarked & Rs.51.49 lakh released f) Development of Model Horticulture Farm: As
out of which Rs. 51 lakh has been spent. For the announced in the budget speech of 2017- 18,
ALLIED ACTIVITIES
year 2018-19, Rs. 60.90 lakh has been allocated, “Horticulture Department has 418 farms over
AGRICULTURE AND
out of which Rs. 37.84 lakh has been released 16,000 acres, which need to be improved. Our
and Rs.4.562 lakh has been spent till the end of Government will take up development of 100 model
November-2018. farms in next 5 years and for this purpose a budget
of Rs.10 crore will be earmarked”. 100 Farms
d) Assistance to Cold Storage: Karnataka has
have been selected to develop as model farms in
108 cold storages, of which 105 are in private
the next 5 years involving various concepts such
and 3 are in public sector. To make the existing
as propagation, demonstration of new technology,
storages facilities economical and to encourage
soil and water consevation with mini watershed
establishment of new cold storages in private/co-
concept and farm productivity improvement.
operative sector, electricity subsidy of Rs.1/- is
,Q ÀUVW SKDVH LQ WKH \HDU IDUPV
provided for every unit of electricity consumed by
and 2018-19, 40 farms @ rate of one in each
the cold storage units.
district are being developed as model farms. The
e) Karnataka State Horticulture Development approved programs are under implementation.
Agency(KSHDA) : Seeds and planting materials of These programs include propagation of different
different Horticulture crops are being produced horticulture crops, area expansion, demonstration,
and supplied to farmers at Deparmental rates installation of drip irrigation systems, farms
in different Horticultural farms and nurseries. productivity improvement activity along with
A total of 39.86 lakhs of planting materials of soil and moisture conservation activites. The
different Horticulture crops have been produced construction of compond wall/chain link fencing
during 2016-17. In the year 2017-18, 50.49 lakhs of selected farms is also under implementation.
and during 2018-19, 50 lakhs of grafts/seedlings
Out of Rs.650 lakh of released grants,
to be produced till November-2018. 7.89 lakhs
Rs.551.27 lakh expenditure is incurred upto
grafts/seedlings of different Horticulture crops
the end of November 2018, with Physical
are being produced. Mother blocks of required
achivement of 182.45 hectare of area expansion, 305
Horticulture crops have been established in
demonstration, installation of drip irrigation increase dry land Horticultural crops area.Increase
systems and maintenance of propagated plants, Horticultural area under protected cultivation;
plants wealth, basin formation etc,. The remaining Increase in Horticultural crops production &
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
30 farms will be developed as model farms from productivity; Effective Rain water harvesting and
the year 2019- 20 onwards. precise utilization of Rainwater; Increase per
capital income of horticulture farmers; Reduction
Krishi Bhagya Yojane (KBY): Out of 10 agro-
of pests/diseases in horticultural crops; Reduction
climatic zones in Karnataka (Zone 2,3,4,5 & 6)
in wastage of water; Increase income of the
north-eastern arid zone, northern dry zone, central
individual farmer. Under this scheme, process of
dry zone, north-eastern dry zone & southern dry
VHOHFWLRQRIEHQHÀFLDULHVLVFRPSOHWHGDQGLVVXLQJ
]RQH DUH FRQVLGHUHG DV GU\ ]RQHV ,Q WKHVH ÀYH
of work orders is in progress. During 2018-19
zones average annual rainfall is 450-850 mm.
an amount of Rs.6,458.502 lakh are released for
In order to increase production & productivity in
implementation of Krishi Bhagya programmes.
these zones adoption of protected cultivation and
rain water harvesting structures techniques will be Total Financial progress of Rs.1242.19 lakh is
promoted. The establishment of these structures, made for the end of November-2018.
the production and productivity increase 2 to 3 a) Vegetable Seeds Kit Distribution Program:
WLPHV ZKLFK UHVXOWV LQ ÀQDQFLDO VWUHQJWK WR WKH Currently farmers are eager to grow advanced/
farmers. This Scheme will be implemented in 128 hybrid breeding/open polyned vegetable
taluks of 25 districts in the State. To implement FXOWLYDWRUV SURÀWDEO\ ,Q WKLV FRQWH[W D QHZ
WKH VFKHPH FRPSUHKHQVLYHO\ WKH EHQHÀFLDULHV program called “Vegetable Seeds Kit Distribution
who construct polyhouses should compulsorily Program” is being implemented under the Krishi
have a water source and should also construct Bhagya Scheme during 2017-18, which will be
Krishi Honda for Rain water harvesting, adoption able to help farmers within reducing the cost
of diesel/solar motor for utilization of the of vegetable production by providing vegetable
storage water and also production of high value seeds kits to eligible small and marginal farmers.
ÁRZHUYHJHWDEOHRWKHU KRUWLFXOWXUDO FURSV 7KH
EHQHÀFLDULHV ZKR FRQVWUXFW 6KDGHQHW VKRXOG The Karnataka Water Development
also involve in multiplication of plants through Program (KWDP)-II, SUJALA-III (Horticulture
nursery/production of high value horticultural Component) project is under implementation
crops. since 2013-14 in 11 districts viz., Bidar,
Kalaburagi, Yadgir, Koppal, Gadag, Davanagere,
During the year 2018-19, a total allocation
Chamarajnagar, Raichur, Tumakuru, Vijayapura
of Rs.12,917 lakh earmarked, out of which
and Chikkamagaluru through the Department
Rs.10,097 lakh is allocated for General farmers.
of Horticulture. The horticulture component
Out of this, an amount of Rs.5048.50 lakh
has six subcomponents viz., Extension and
released and expenditure of Rs.750.75 lakh is
Demonstration for Productivity Improvement,
incurred upto the end of November 2018. For
Farmer Horticulture Soil and Crop Monitoring,
SC farmers Rs.1975 lakh is allocated against
Strengthening Model Nurseries, Post-Harvest
which an amount of Rs.987.495 lakh released
Management, Strengthening Market Linkages for
and expenditure of Rs.326.38 lakhs is incurred
Horticulture Farmers and Horticulture Service
for the end of November 2018. Similarly budget
Support. All the sub components of the project
allocated for ST farmers Rs.845 lakh against
are either implemented successfully or under
which an amount of Rs.422.506 lakh released
implementation in all the project districts in the
and Rs.165.05 lakh expenditure incurred for the
sub watershed and micro watershed areas by
end of November 2018.
preparing a strategic plan, detailed action plan
2EMHFWLYHV To Harvest rain water effectively, (DAP) with targets and time line. The progress,
.ULVKL +RQGDV ZHUH FRQVWUXFWHG LQ WKH ÀHOG IRU achievements and success are now being
maximum utilisation of water. To construct green brought out in the form of various publications /
house and shade net house to cultivate high value GRFXPHQWV ZKLFK FRPSULVHV RI D IHZ VLJQLÀFDQW
KRUWLFXOWXUHFURSVOLNHYHJHWDEOHVDQGÁRZHUVDOVR success stories of the project, lessons learnt and
306 to establish nurseries. Conversion of Rainfed few new initiatives.
horticulture into sustainable horticulture and
Major Horticulture Crops: Karnataka is 7KH HPHUJHQFH RI FXOWLYDWLRQ RI ÁRZHUV XQGHU
D SURJUHVVLYH VWDWH LQ WKH ÀHOG RI PRGHUQ protected environment is of very recent origin
horticulture in the country. The diverse agro- in the State. It started in the early nineties.
ecological conditions prevailing in Karnataka 7KH ÀUVW ÁRZHU WKDW ZDV VXEMHFWHG WR SURWHFWHG
has made it possible to grow different types of cultivation was Rose, which is even today the
horticultural crops such as fruits, vegetables, OHDGLQJ FXW ÁRZHU SURGXFHG LQ WKH 6WDWH 7KH
ÁRZHUV VSLFHV SODQWDWLRQ FURSV URRW DQG RWKHU FXW ÁRZHUV VXFK DV JHUEHUD FDUQDWLRQV
tuber crops, medicinal and aromatic crops etc. green house chrysanthemums, anthuriums and
Karnataka ranks 3rd in India in terms of total orchids are also under hi-tech cultivation. In
area under horticulture and 6th in terms of total all, there are 30 big units (companies) and 200
horticultural production, which accounting for small units (farmers) involved in the production
7.4 per cent of national production during 2010- RI KLWHFK FXW ÁRZHUV 7KH WRWDO YDOXH RI WKHVH
,W KDV WKH QG ODUJHVW SURGXFWLRQ RI ÁRZHUV KLWHFK FXW ÁRZHUV LV DERXW 5V FURUHV SHU
(loose) in the country, accounting for 19.8 per DQQXP +LWHFK ÁRZHU FXOWLYDWLRQ LQ ,QGLD ÀUVW
cent of the total production. It is also the 5th started in Karnataka during 1960s itself, M/s.
largest producer of fruit, accounting for 8.4 Indo American Hybrid Seeds, Bengaluru, started
per cent of the national Production. In terms of SURGXFLQJÁRZHUVLQJUHHQKRXVHV3HUKDSVWKLV
vegetables, Karnataka is the 6th largest producer
LV WKH EHJLQQLQJ RI KLWHFK ÁRULFXOWXUH LQ ,QGLD
in the country, accounting for 6.2 per cent of the
This success story paved way for large-scale hi-
total produce. It ranks 4th in the production of
WHFK ÁRZHU SURGXFWLRQ VWDUWHG GXULQJ V
spices in India, accounting for 8.6 per cent of the
(YHQQRZ.DUQDWDNDLVOHDGLQJLQKLWHFKÁRZHU
national production. It stands 3rd in plantation
production in the entire country, with a share of
crops in India, accounting for 14.8 per cent of the
about 40 per cent of the total production. The
national production. Karnataka is also the largest
commonly grown major vegetable crops of the
producer of coffee in the country.
state are Onion, Potato, Tomato, Chillies, Brinjal,
Karnataka is known for production of almost Bhendi, Carrot, Radish, Beans, Gourds, Leafy
all the fruits produced elsewhere in the country Vegetables, etc.
ALLIED ACTIVITIES
except apples. Even apples were once cultivated
AGRICULTURE AND
The Department of Horticulture has the credit
around Bengaluru on commercial scale in the last
century. At present, the state is leading in the of laying out and maintaining several beautiful
production of Pomegranates, Fig, Jack, Papayas parks and gardens in the State. The state has a
and Melons. Also, Karnataka is the home of long proud legacy of creating parks and gardens
several minor fruits and wild fruits. Further, the of high fame, since the early days. Bengaluru
fruits grown in the state are being sent to various is regarded as the ‘Garden City’, because of
markets in India and even abroad. the profusion of beautiful parks and gardens
sprawling across its length and breadth. In the
Since beginning, Karnataka is spear heading city of Mysuru also, a large number of parks and
LQ WKH ÀHOG RI FXOWLYDWLRQ RI FRPPHUFLDO ÁRZHUV gardens of exquisite beauty have been laid out
in the entire country. The area under traditional by the Department. The world famous Brindavan
ÁRZHUV LQ WKH 6WDWH LV DERXW KHFWDUHV garden at Krishnarajasagara, near Mysuru, is
and the total production is of the order of about known for its enchanting beauty world over.
1.96 lakh tons per annum. The major traditional Similarly, in many other cities and towns of the
ÁRZHUV JURZQ LQ .DUQDWDND DUH DV IROORZV
state, a large number of parks and gardens have
Chrysanthemum, Marigold, Crossandra, Open
been established and the people of the state are
Roses, Jasmine, Aster, Tuberose, Gaillardia
enjoying the beauty of these gardens.
and Champaka etc. Although the commercial
ÁRZHUV RFFXS\ KDUGO\ SHU FHQW RI WKH WRWDO There are two hill stations maintained by the
area under horticulture crops in the State, they Department of Horticulture in the State. One is
generate an annual revenue of over 500 crores. Nandi Hill Station in Chikkaballapur district and
This speaks of the high remunerative nature of the other one is Krishnarajendra Hill Station at
WKHFRPPHUFLDOÁRZHUFURSV7KHDYHUDJHVL]HRI Kemmannagundi, in Chikkamagaluru district.
KROGLQJ RI WKH WUDGLWLRQDO ÁRZHU FURSV LV KDUGO\ These two locations have an elevation of 4,850 and
half an acre. As many as 50,000 farm families are 4,900 feet from MSL, respectively. These two hill 307
totally dependingRQÁRZHUWUDGH VWDWLRQVKDYHEHHQEHDXWLÀHGE\WKH'HSDUWPHQW
of Horticulture, through creation of lush lawns, for maximizing production, mono cropping,
planting of enchanting annual and perennial destructive harvest and susceptibility to pest
ÁRZHULQJ DQG IROLDJH SODQWV DQG WUHH VSHFLHV and diseases. In order to preserve these land
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
Required facilities for the pleasant stay of visitors races for posterity, the centre has taken up the
have also been created in both the hill stations. challenges of conserving and developing the rare
and endangered germplasm under both in vitro
The Government of Karnataka, Department of
and in vivo conditions. More than 500 species of
Horticulture has established a State-of-the-Art
medicinal and aromatic plants, 150 varieties of
Biotechnology Centre in the new millennium at
IUXLWVDQGÁRZHULQJSODQWVKDYHEHHQLQWURGXFHG
Hulimavu Horticultural Farm, Bengaluru. This
and documented at the generic level by adopting
&HQWUH LV WKH ÀUVW RI LWV NLQG LQ WKH &RXQWU\
DNA marker technology. More than 80 species
under public sector aiming at integrating many
of medicinal and aromatic plants of which rare
spheres of biotechnology exclusively for the cause
species like Crataeva nervula,Entada puseathea,
of horticultural development. The activities of
Garcinia xanthochymus and Garcinia morella
the centre were dedicated to the nation on 20th
and endangered species like Persea macarantha,
January 2001.
Symplocos racemosa, Gnetum ula, Myristica
The main objective of the center is to adopt malabarica, etc. are conserved and documented.
eco-friendly bio technological approaches for Similarly 85 species of fruits and ornamental
generating useful inputs and essential services plants are added to the germplasm bank of the
to facilitate overall development of horticultural biocentre.
sector in the state. In this endeavor, facilities
An exclusive sales outlet for the organically
and expertise in the areas of conservation
produced fruits and vegetables has been opened
and documentation of rare and endangered
at Lalbagh, Bengaluru, wherein the producers
horticultural varieties including medicinal and
can sell their safe products to the consumers. The
aromatic plants, plant propagation, organic
products sold here carry the brand name “Jaivik”
horticulture, plant nutrition, sanitary and
and have created great demand among the organic
phytosanitary, quality control, disease diagnosis
produce lovers of Bengaluru. The Bio-Centre,
and human resource development, have been
Hulimavu, which is monitoring this sales outlet,
established at this centre.
is planning to open another still bigger “Jaivik”
The Tissue Culture Laboratory at Bio-centre produce outlet in Lalbagh, to cater to the needs of
Hulimavu is the only public sector unit of its kind ever increasing number of consumers, who have
in the entire country. The state of the art facilities developed awareness and inclination towards
have been created here for the production safe food. The activity of establishing horticulture
of Tissue Culture plants of Banana, Vanilla, IDUPZDVLQWHQVLÀHGDIWHUWKHFUHDWLRQRIVHSDUDWH
Ornamental foliage plants, Orchids, Anthuriums Horticulture Department. At present, totally 415
and a score of Aromatic and Medicinal plants. such horticulture Farms and Nurseries under the
The built in production capacity of this lab is Horticulture Department are functioning, spread
about one million plantlets per year. The Tissue over all parts of the State.
Cultured Banana plants produced in this lab have
National Horticulture Mission (NHM): It is a
become extremely popular among the farmers of
centrally sponsored scheme launched during
Karnataka.
WK ÀYH \HDU SODQ DQG ,W
Karnataka has the richest source of provided cent per cent assistance to the State
horticultural diversity. Nanjanagud banana, missions. From 11th Five Year plan onwards
Mysuru betelvine, Udupi jasmines, Coorg oranges (from 2007-08), the Central Government and
are a few examples of Karnataka’s rich genetic 6WDWH *RYHUQPHQW DVVLVWDQFH LV À[HG DW
diversity. The ecosystems of Western Ghats This scheme is now being implemented in all the
and deciduous forests of Karnataka are rich in 30 districts in the State.
medicinal plant biodiversity with more than 2,500
The main objective of introducing the NHM
species of plants.
scheme was achieving the all-round development of
But many of these species are in the verge Horticulture by integrating backward and forward
308
of extinction due to perceptional changes linkages. Its approach is “end to end”, starting
from the production of planting material and covered under this scheme in the state include
ÀQDOO\HQGLQJZLWKYDOXHDGGLWLRQDQGPDUketing/ ashwagandha, tulsi, guggal, coleus, amla,
export of produce. The major strategies set for gloriana, asparagus, konch, aloevera, bhumi
the development of Horticulture through NHM in amlaki etc., For the year 2013-14, to implement
the State were enhancing both production and the programmes like area expansion of medicinal
productivity of major Horticulture crops, doubling plants, development of nurseries, postharvest
the production, increasing quality of the produce, management, establishment of processing units,
rejuvenation of the unproductive orchards, rain an annual Action Plan for an amount of Rs.
water harvesting, organic farming, induction of 216.71 lakh has been approved by Government
INM and IPM, rejuvenation programmes providing of India.
post harvest support, improving marketing,
Micro Irrigation Facility: The department
enhancing the technical knowledge and Nutrient
of Horticulture is providing subsidy for
PDQDJHPHQWVNLOOVRIIDUPHUVH[WHQVLRQRIÀFLDOV
drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation and drip
and entrepreneurs through an array of HRD
demonstrations for all horticulture crops, except
programmes.
coffee, tea, rubber and oil palm under the scheme
During the year 2013-14, the annual physical of micro irrigation since 2006-07. The assistance
WDUJHW LV KD DQG ÀQDQFLDO WDUJHW LV LV DYDLODEOH IRU D PD[LPXP DUHD RI ÀYH KD SHU
Rs.1,781.79 lakh for establishment of new EHQHÀFLDU\ IDPLO\ IRU ERWK GULS DQG VSULQNOHU
horticulture crops like Fruits crops, Plantation irrigation. Under drip irrigation, 80 per cent
crops, Spice crops, Flower crops and Aromatic VXEVLG\ LV SURYLGHG IRU WKH ÀUVW WZR KD DQG
crops. About 8,647 ha area has been covered with per cent for the remaining three ha. In 2013-14
D ÀQDQFLDO DVVLVWDQFH RI 5V ODNK 7KH for all categories of farmers in drip irrigation, 90
total approved Annual Action Plan for the year SHU FHQW VXEVLG\ LV SURYLGHG IRU WKH ÀUVW WZR KD
2013-14 is Rs.140 crore. During 2013-14 more and 50 per cent for the remaining three ha. The
emphasis is given for Plantation infrastructure, subsidy for the sprinkler irrigation is 90 per cent.
protected cultivation component as well as Post Under drip demonstration component, the State/
ALLIED ACTIVITIES
Harvest Management component. Central government institutes, farmers of non
AGRICULTURE AND
government organisation/progressive farmers
Coconut Development Board (CDB): The
can avail assistance of upto cent per cent for a
Coconut Development Board is providing cent
maximum area of 0.5 ha.
SHU FHQW ÀQDQFLDO DVVLVWDQFH IRU WKH ,QWHJUDWHG
Development of Coconut Industry in the State. Disease and Pest Management: The Department
The activities that are being implemented are,1) of Horticulture, through its plant protection
laying out of demonstration plots and their programmes, provides bio-pesticides, botanicals,
maintenance 2) distribution of plant protection chemicals, pheromone traps and lures to control
chemicals, organic manures, chemical and bio- the pests and diseases of horticulture crops.
fertilizers for improvement in production and In addition, pest surveillance is undertaken
productivity of coconut 3) production of Tall x in different districts to predict the outbreak
Dwarf hybrids coconut seedlings. In the year of pest and diseases and, create awareness
RXW RI WRWDO ÀQDQFLDO DOORFDWLRQ RI in the management of pests and diseases like
Rs. 1,041.25 lakh, Rs.1,048.12 lakh has been eriophyidmite, black-headed caterpillar, stem
released from the CDB and State Government, out bleeding, tomato leaf curl virus, bacterial blight
of which Rs.1,035 lakh were spent. In 2013-14, and koleroga of areca nut.
RXWRIWRWDOÀQDQFLDODOORFDWLRQRI5VODNK
Strengthening of Departmental Laboratories
an amount of Rs.991.65 lakh has been released,
under RKVY: This is implemented in Tumakuru,
out of which Rs. 654.39 lakh were spent till the
Chitradurga, Mysuru, Davanagere, Hassan and
end of December-2013.
Chamarajanagar Districts. During 2011-12, 4
National Medicinal Plants Mission: Under the ODERUDWRULHVDUHGHYHORSHGZLWKWKHWRWDOÀQDQFLDO
National Medicinal Plants Mission, action allocation of Rs.80 lakh and during 2012-13, 4
has been taken to expand the area under ODERUDWRULHVZHUHGHYHORSHGZLWKWKHWRWDOÀQDQFLDO
different medicinal plants. The medicinal plants allocation of Rs.40 lakh. 309
Areca Research Station at Sringeri : The ‘Yellow the post harvest losses a chain of cold storages,
Leaf Disease’ has been a limiting factor for processing and marketing facilities need to
cultivation of Arecanut in Sringeri, Koppa and be created. Among Post Harvest Management
KARNATAKA
Narasimharajapura taluk of Chikkamagaluru
HAND BOOK OF
practices like pre-cooling, cold storages and
District. In this context, an exclusive “Areca refrigerated transport are most important.
Research Station” has been established at Sringeri Karnataka has 82 cold storages, of which 74
as proposed in the 2008-09 budget to help the are in private, four are in co-operative and
DUHFDJURZHUVZLWKVFLHQWLÀFUHFRPPHQGDWLRQIRU four are in public sector. To make the existing
the management of the disease. An amount of storages facilities economical and to encourage
Rs.200 lakh during 2008-09, Rs.80 lakh during establishment of new cold storage in private/co-
2009-10 , Rs.50 lakh during 2010-11 and 2011- operative sector.
12 and 2012-13 was provided to Horticulture
University, Bagalkot for this purpose. Further, an The Government of Karnataka has been
amount of Rs.25 lakh has been released during implementing a programme called “Processing and
2012-13 and Rs.48.30 lakh during 2013-14 out value addition for Horticulture crops”. It includes
of which an amount of Rs.46.20 lakh has been activities related to grape dehydration, red chilli
spent upto December 2013. Research activities powdering, vanilla processing, winemaking unit
are under progress in yellow leaf decease affected and desiccated coconut powder units. Since
gardens, besides taking survey of yellow leaf horticulture produce like fruits, vegetables and
decease affected areas. ÁRZHU DUH SHULVKDEOH LW LV LPSRUWDQW WR SURYLGH
proper post harvest management practices for
Comprehensive Horticulture Development: The
these produce. Karnataka has 82 cold storages,
development of horticulture in the state are
ridden with many problems and shortcomings like of which 74 are in private, four are in co-operative
low value addition, poor marketing facilities and and four are in public sector. To make the existing
improper crop management practices. In order storages facilities economical and to encourage
to achieve comprehensive development in the establishment of new cold storages in private/
Horticulture sector, a scheme called Integrated co-operative sector, electricity subsidy of One
Development of Horticulture with a budget outlay Rupee is provided for every unit of electricity
of Rs.305 crore has been announced in the consumed by the cold storage units. The fruits
year 2012-13 budget speech. The component of and vegetables that are readily stored are potato,
Promotion of Crop Clusters will be implemented grapes, tamarind, citrus, pomegranate, pineapple,
in all 176 taluks of all the 30 districts of the State. FKLOOLDSSOHDQGFXWÁRZHUV
During 2012-13, an amount of Rs.15,000 lakh
Processing of Fruits and Vegetables:
has been enmarked, out of which Rs.20153.92
Government of Karnataka is considering fruit
lakh has been released. Area under horticulture
and vegetable processing sector as a thrust area
crops were expanded in an area of 134.44 ha, with
for development. The Government has been
an expenditure of Rs.17155.40 lakh.
implementing a programme called “Processing
Post harvest infrastructure and Management: and value addition for Horticulture crops”. It
Karnataka is one of the Horticulturally includes activities related to grape dehydration,
progressive State in India. Due to its ideal Agro- red chilli powdering, vanilla processing, wine
climatic conditions and enterprising farming making unit and desiccated coconut powder
community, almost all types of horticultural units. With growing urbanization and increasing
produces are produced in Karnataka. Since, quality consciousness, the market for processed
fruits and vegetables are highly perishable, fruit and vegetable is expected to grow rapidly.
HIÀFLHQW 3RVW +DUYHVW 0DQDJHPHQW KDV EHFRPH Therefore, there is enormous potential for
an absolute necessity. It is also important for developing agro products. At present there are
effective exploitation of export potential of fruits 1,533 licensed processing units in the State with
and vegetables. In Karnataka, only one per cent of
annual production of two lakh tons of processed
the total production of fruits and vegetables are
products. The processed fruits are Mango,
processed into different products.
Grapes, Pineapple, Papaya, Guava and others.
310 About 25-30 per cent of the produce is lost due The major vegetables processed are Tomato,
to improper Post Harvest Management. To avoid Potato, Peas, Gherkins and others. Agri Export
Zones (AEZ) have been created in Karnataka. The operative society for marketing of horticultural
concept of AEZ, attempts to date a comprehensive produce in Bengaluru which handles a quantity of
look at a particular produce/produce located in 100 Metric tons of fruits and vegetables per day,
a contiguous area for the purpose of leading to the Department promoted District Horticultural
ÀQDOH[SRUWV6XFK$(=VKDYHEHHQFUHDWHGIRU Societies in all the Districts to market Fruits and
Gherkins, Rose Onion and Floriculture. Vegetables. At present 19 District Horticultural
societies are functioning in the state. A project for
The Government of Karnataka proposes to
strengthening of HOPCOMS in nineteen districts
establish Food and Agriculture Technology Parks
through Karnataka Horticulture Federation has
(FATP) at six locations i.e. at Malur, Bagalkote,
been approved under RKVY with an outlay of
Belagavi, Chitradurga, Maddur and Jewargi.
Rs. 26.50 crore. Out of this Rs.10crore has been
Out of six Food and Agriculture Technology
utilised under the programme.
Parks, sanction has been given by Government
of India for two parks one at Malur and another The Department of Horticulture have initiated
at Bagalkote. These Parks are established at a to modernize the fruits and vegetable market in
total cost of Rs.10 crores each. The main objective the State through National Dairy Development
of establishing Food and Technology Parks is to Board (NDDB) in Bengaluru. The Department
promote agro and processing industries in cluster also initiates to start Modernized Fruits and
in area where there is predominant production of Vegetable market in Mysuru, Hubballi-Dharwar
processable agriculture and Horticulture Products. and Vijayapura. The Marketing section of the
These parks will also provide the required Horticultural Department monitor the prices of
infrastructural and common facilities which are important horticulture crops and publish the
essential for sustenance of the industries. Quality prices book annually for the use of departmental
assurance laboratories, Ware housing including RIÀFHUVRIÀFLDOV DQG DOVR VXEPLWV WKH SURSRVDOV
FROG VWRUDJHV FRPPRQ HIÁXHQW WUHDWPHQW SODQWV to the Government whenever the prices of these
etc. Another important aspect of the Food and commodities falls in the market to intervene and
Technology Parks is creating awareness among purchase of these commodities.
ALLIED ACTIVITIES
the farmers and producers of Agriculture and
The Government is giving importance to
AGRICULTURE AND
Horticulture products about the advantages
marketing and processing of Agricultural and
of cultivating/growing right variety of primary
Horticultural Crops to avoid Post Harvest Losses.
products which are amenable for processing and
The initiative of Government of Karnataka in
thus ensure that the twin objectives of assuring a
this direction has led to establishment of a
better return to the farmers and assured supply
gigantic Horticultural Marketing Complex at
of raw materials to the processors are achieved.
Kannamangala by NDDB at a total cost of Rs.150
Development of Agro Food Parks is expected to
crores.
give a boost to the Horticultural sector in and
around the area of Agro Parks. Satellite mapping of Horticulture crops with
the help of ISRO to develop a Horticultural
0DUNHWLQJ DQG 2WKHU LQIUDVWUXFWXUH IDFLOLWLHV
data Bank: Data base is essential to take up
The Department of Horticulture acts as the
developmental programmes. The data on area
facilitator for creation of infrastructure facilities
and production of Horticulture crops brought
for marketing of fruits and vegetables in the
out by various departments/organizations do
state. The Department of Agricultural Marketing
not match with each other. At the time of taking
is facilitating the marketing of agricultural/
policy decision, the data base plays a crucial role.
horticultural produces in the state. The
Therefore, the Department proposes to take up
Department of Agricultural Marketing recently
one-time survey for perennial horticultural crops
established ‘Raithara Santhe” wherein the
and also to use the services of ISRO to employ the
growers/farmers can bring their fruits and
latest and sophisticated methods to map the area
vegetables to the market and sell them directly
under different Horticultural crops in the state.
to the growers .The Department of Agricultural
This would help in proper and real estimation of
0DUNHWLQJ KDQGOHV WKH QRWLÀHG )UXLWV DQG
area under horticultural crops in the state. This
Vegetables in the State through APMC’S.
ZRXOG IXUWKHU OHDG WR PRUH VFLHQWLÀF HVWLPDWLRQ
The other marketing infrastructure in the State of yield and production of Horticultural crops in 311
are the Department promoted HOPCOMS–a Co- the state.
Wine Policy and Establishment of Karnataka Bio-technology: The Bio-technology Centre
Grape Wine Board: The Karnataka Grape of the Department of Horticulture is taking up
Wine Board has been set up for implementing activities like germplasm conservation, tissue
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
the programmes under the Wine Policy which culture, mushroom development, production of
envisages to promote wine varieties of grapes and bio-fertilizer and bio-pesticides, soil, water and
to encourage wine industries in the state since OHDIDQDO\VLV'1$ÀQJHUSULQWLQJHWF,Q
2007. During the year 2010-11, a Share Capital of a total of 8.85 lakhs tissue culture plants were
Rs.25 lakh and an amount of Rs.25 lakh for Wine produced by utilizing Rs.132.43 lakhs and 210.3
Festival has been released to the Karnataka Wine tonnes of bio-fertilizers and bio-control agents and
Board. During 2011-12, an allocation of Rs.150 39 tonnes vermicompost were produced under
lakh was made under this scheme, out of which the scheme of Development of Departmental
Rs.100 lakh have been released as Share Capital Laboratories upto December 2013.
and Rs.50 lakh for Wine Festival to the Karnataka
Training programmes and demonstrations were
Wine Board. During the year 2012-13, a budgetary
arranged at this centre to promote cultivation and
provision of Rs.10 lakh has been made towards
consumption of mushroom, to create awareness of
share capital to be given to the Wine Board. In
Organic farming, use of medicinal plants, kitchen
2013-14, a provision of Rs.350 lakhs has been
garden etc. A total of 12,630 spawn bottles, 50.25
made out of which Rs.317.50 lakhs has been
kg. mushrooms and 785 kg. mushroom compost
allocated as share capital and Rs.32.50 lakhs for
were produced upto September 2013. Under
developmental activities. An amount of Rs. 262.50
Extension and Training Programme 7 training
lakhs has been released upto December, 2013
programmes were organized to train about
ZLWKDÀQDQFLDODFKLHYHPHQWRI5VODNKV 288 farmers/Public/Students. Quality control
Mango Development Board: Karnataka is one laboratory is set up for testing and analysis of bio
of the leading states in the Country in mango inputs at this centre. A total of 1261 and 215
production. The regional climate has favoured water, soil and leaf samples were analyzed for
the cultivation of various varieties of mangoes macro nutrients and micro nutrients respectively,
in the State. Mango Development Board has six samples of active ingredients of medicinal and
been established during 2010-11 to promote and aromatic plants, 84 samples of quality testing of
streamline the production, processing, marketing organic manure, 80 samples of residue analysis,
and export of mangoes in the State. The Mango 209 samples for heavy metal contents and 76
Development Centre is developed at Kolar and Phytosanitary samples were analyzed upto
Chikballapura at a total cost of Rs. 19 crore September 2013. Further, under the scheme of
under the RKVY. The Board is looking after the Development of Departmental Laboratories upto
activities of these resource centres. During 2010- September 2013, a total of 1260, 577 and 417
11, an allocation of Rs. 1000 lakh was earmarked water, soil and leaf samples were analyzed in
for this purpose and an amount of Rs.515 lakh Shivamogga, Vijayapura and Belagavi districts,
was spent. During 2010-11 the Karnataka State respectively. A total of 3000 mushroom spawn
Mango Development and Marketing Corporation bottles were produced in Mysuru district. Under
Limited, has been incorporated on 19-01-2011 this scheme, Rs.250 lakh was released; out of
under the Companies Act 1956. During the year which Rs.200.24 lakh have been spent upto
2010-11, an Initial Corpus Fund of Rs.511.16 September 2013.
lakh has been provided to this Corporation by Agricultural Marketing: Sophisticated
the Department of Horticulture. During the year agricultural marketing system ensures fair
2011-12, a budget of Rs.500 lakh was earmarked, price for the farmers and also reduces the post-
out of which Rs.375 lakh was released to the harvest losses and wastage. Karnataka has
Department. Out of the released amount, 155 Agricultural Produce Market Committees
Rs.275 lakh has been given as Corpus Fund and (APMCs) to facilitate and regulate the marketing
Rs.100 lakh as Development Fund to the Mango of agricultural commodities in the State. The
Corporation. Market promotion activities and APMCs are managed by an elected managing
Mango Melas have been organized at Bengaluru, Committee. The Secretary and supporting staff
312 Dharwad, Ramanagara and Mysuru. are Government Servants working in the APMCs.
In an attempt to modernise the marketing Ranibennur and Coconut technology park at
system computerized E-tendering system has Tiptur are in progress. Government provides
been introduced under RKVY Scheme. Farmers 25 per cent subsidy for investment by the
KDYH EHQHÀWHG ODUJHO\ IURP WKLV V\VWHP DV WKH private entrepreneurs for the establishment of
transaction is transparent and it gets over in a agricultural produce wholesale markets. Under
shorter time. E-trading facility has been already the National Horticulture Mission there is a
implemented through NCDEX platform in 26 provision for availing 25 per cent subsidy. During
APMCs i.e. 1) Kalaburagi, 2) Tiptur, 3) Tumakuru, the year 2009-10, 18 Market Committees have
4) Arasikere, 5) Vijayapura, 6) Bagalkot, 7) taken up schemes at a cost of Rs.5,648.13 lakh.
Ballari, 8) Haveri, 9) Yadgir, 10) Chitradurga, 11) Out of this 17 works are completed and one work
Challakere, 12) Gadag, 13) Mysuru, 14) Raichur, is under progress.
15) Dharwad, 16) Hubballi 17) Shivamogga, Raitha Sanjeevini Insurance Scheme: Under
18) Yallapura 19) Koppal, 20) Bhadravati, 21) this farmers who meet with an accidental death
Bailahongala 22) Bidar, 23) Chamarajanagara, or are permanently disabled while being involved
24) Channagiri, 25) Ranebennur and 26) Sagar. in farming/marketing activities are provided
The day-to-day transactions of APMCs including a compensation ranging from Rs.1,500 to
management of accounts, property, daily Rs.50,000. From 2009-10 to 2012-13, an amount
transaction, developmental works, permits and of Rs.12.45 crore was given as compensation to
administration works have been computerized 2860 farmers. During 2012-13, 227 farmers were
with the help of management software developed given compensation and Rs.one crore was spent
by the KEONICS. Of total APMCs, 78 have adopted for the purpose. In 2013-14, 193 farmers are
this management software during the year 2009- given compensation and Rs.86.54 lakh was spent
10. Government of Karnataka implements the for this purpose.
Floor Price Scheme. In order to prevent farmers
Janashree Bima Yojane: The janashree Bima
from the distress sale of their agriculture produce.
Yojane is an insurance scheme implemented with
Paddy and coconut crops come under this scheme.
the help of Life Insurance Corporation of India
ALLIED ACTIVITIES
Under the Rural Infrastructure development for the welfare of licensed weighmen, hamals and
AGRICULTURE AND
fund scheme Rs.2.45 crore was released for the cartmen working in APMCs. Under the Scheme,
development of 7 rural markets. Out of these, 6 for accidental death or permanently disability,
works in APMCs Gokak, Yalaburga, Lingasugur, an amount for Rs.75,000 and for natural death
Tumakuru, Gangavathi, Maddur are completed in Rs.30,000 is given as compensation. An amount
the year 2011-12. The Government of India has of Rs.44,58,989 was given to 141 families from
introduced the rural godown scheme from the 2009-10 to 2012-13. In 2013-14 an amount
year 2001-02 to help the farmers to store their of Rs.13,79,994 was paid as compensation
FRPPRGLWLHVVFLHQWLÀFDOO\LQJRGRZQVDQGWRVHOO to 46 families. Further, through this scheme
the same when the prices rise. Under the scheme, two children (who are students of 9th to 12th
construction of 450 godowns in the rural areas standards) of the registered persons are eligible
coming under 11 APMCs jurisdiction has been to get scholarships at the rate of Rs.100/- per
taken up. Works have been completed. month.
The Government has accorded administrative Global Agri-business and food processing:
approval for establishing Rice Technology Global Agri- business Meet was held in December
Park with the State-of-the-Art technology for 2011with an aim to attract private investment
processing, grading, packing, branding, marketing IURP1DWLRQDODQG,QWHUQDWLRQDOÀUPVLQWKHÀHOG
and export of rice in Karatagi of Gangavathi taluk of technologies in food processing/packaging,
at an estimated cost of Rs.3,719 lakh. During post-harvest technologies, education & research,
2011-12, budget allocation of Rs.500 lakh has marketing, infrastructure development, Agri
been made to operationalise the scheme. Land logistics etc., so as to achieve high growth in
acquisition to an extent of 139 acres 39 guntas agriculture and allied sectors and enable farmers
has been completed. Acquisition process is to earn higher income.
under progress for the acquisition of additional Animal Husbandry And Veterinary Sciences
required land. Establishment of Tur technology
Livestock rearing plays a very vital role in rural 313
park at Kalaburagi, maize technology park at
economy in supplementing family income from
agriculture and also providing employment. Other Livestock 0.30 0.24 0.16 -33.33
Farmers are dependent on animal husbandry Total Livestock 2.83 3.29 2.90 -11.85
activities to utilise agricultural by-products Poultry 2.44 4.24 5.34 25.94
KARNATAKA
and crop residues to convert them into animal
HAND BOOK OF
products with good returns. The Chalukyas and Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19
the Rashtrakutas in historical times donated Table 4.20 Year wise Livestock Population
cows in thousands (gosahasra) and the gosasa
(in numbeUV
stones are found in hundreds to commemorate
Year Cattle Buffalo Sheep Goat
this act. These cows were donated to villagers all
over their empire to encourage animal husbandry. 1951 88,15,269 25,65,959 41,92,078 26,76,408
There was “benne chavadi”, a department to 1956 89,65,693 26,68,713 40,59,473 25,83,995
collect ghee at the Mysuru Court. Haider Ali made
1961 96,73,001 30,25,890 47,64,972 28,94,355
efforts to promote Amritmahal bullock breed
which were excellent draught animals. 1966 96,85,581 29,46,027 47,47,964 28,13,682
1972 1,00,18,717 30,36,873 46,62,420 37,26,016
Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Services : The
1977 1,02,21,960 32,78,128 45,36,481 33,88,139
Live stock sector plays vital role in development of
1983 1,13,00,223 36,47,967 47,91,650 45,46,928
rural economy of the State. In Karnataka majority
1990 1,01,75,501 40,37,193 47,27,238 38,88,799
of the population is dependent on Agriculture
and allied activities. As per the 19th Livestock 1997 1,08,31,134 43,67,184 80,03,078 48,74,759
Census, Karnataka has 2.9 crores of livestock 2003 95,95,930 40,23,832 72,72,241 44,91,473
and 5.3 crores of poultry population. To provide 2007 1,05,07,325 43,29,076 95,65,696 61,57,134
health care to the animals and for improvement
2012 95,16,484 34,70,505 95,83,761 47,96,147
and development of breeds of animals, various
% Variation over
programmes are implemented successfully by previous census -9.43 -19.83 0.19 -22.10
the Department of Animal Husbandry and (2007)
Veterinary Services through its institutional 2WKHUVLQFOXGHV+RUVH'RQNH\0XOHVDQGCamels
network. During 2018-19, an amount of Rs 2402
crore (includes RKVY funds Rs.39.92 crores) has Year Pig *Others
Total
Poultry
livestock
been allocated for Departmental programmes
and Rs.1323.68 crore has been spent up to the 1951 1,61,889 1,34,580 1,85,46,183 57,05,132
end of November 2018. 1956 1,85,493 1,02,851 1,85,66,218 76,67,845
1961 2,06,513 1,03,456 2,06,68,187 88,40,927
Animal Husbandry: In Karnataka, the Animal
Husbandry and Livestock Sector has been 1966 2,07,078 1,15,160 2,04,85,462 82,76,797
SOD\LQJDVLJQLÀFDQWUROHLQUXUDOHFRQRP\'XULQJ 1972 2,61,125 82,211 2,19,65,362 1,01,63,177
2017-18, the share of Animal Husbandry in Gross 1977 2,96,368 79,128 2,18,00,204 96,96,012
State Domestic Product (GSDP) of Agriculture 1983 3,18,862 15,42,755 2,61,48,385 1,20,96,535
and Allied activities was 20.36%. As per the 19th
1990 3,03,969 18,35,301 2,49,68,021 1,56,93,580
Livestock Census, the share of Karnataka in all
India livestock and poultry population was 5.41% 1997 4,05,444 22,06,468 3,06,88,067 2,13,98,756
and 7.33% respectively. The density of livestock in 2003 3,20,433 26,54,625 2,83,58,534 2,44,50,809
the state was estimated at 151.21 per sq.km and 2007 2,79,763 20,44,257 3,28,83,251 4,24,33,692
47468 per lakh human population. The live stock 2012 3,04,798 13,29,089 2,90,00,784 5,34,42,030
and poultry statistics is given in Table 4.19 and %Variation over
the detailed information is depicted in Table 4.20. previous census
(2007)
-9.43 -19.83 0.19 -22.10
Table 4.19: Livestock and Poultry tatistics Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19
(No.in crore Live stock and Poultry Production: In Buffalos
Livestock Census milk production India ranks First in the world,
Particulars similarly in Cow milk production India took
% age change in
2003 2007 2012
2012 over 2007 second rank and during 2017-18, Karnataka
Cattle 0.95 1.05 0.95 -9.52 State ranks 11th among Indian States. The
Buffalo 0.40 0.43 0.35 -18.60 production of milk in the State was 7.13 million
314
Goat& Sheep 1.18 1.57 1.44 -8.28 metric tonnes during the year 2017-18. Details of
the production of the major livestock products Rashtriya Gokul Mission
namely, Milk, Meat, Wool and Eggs are shown in 1.National Programme for Bovine Breeding
Table 4.21. (NPBB): National Programme for Bovine Breeding
being implemented in the State since 2015-16
Table 4.21: Live stock and Poultry
Production and is continued for the year 2017-18. 810
0XOWLSXUSRVH$UWLÀFLDO,QVHPLQDWLRQ7HFKQLFLDQV
Percentage
2018-19
change in in Rural India (MAITRI) have been trained and
Item Unit 2016-17 2017-18 (upto
Nov.2018)
2017-18 over established upto date in 16 districts in places
2016-17
where A.I. and other Veterinary facilities are not
‘000
Milk
Tonnes
6,562 7,137 5,129 8.76 being extended either by Department or KMF.
12 Liquid Nitrogen Silos have been established at
Meat @ Tonnes 2,09,012 2,28,032 1,72,899 9.09
12 selected places in the State to improve Liquid
Wool Tonnes 6,588 4,304 1,935 -34.66
Nitrogen and semen straws supply network.
Eggs No. in Crores 506.72 556.61 390.92 9.84
2. Establishment of Gokul Grams: Action has
@ Includes Poultry Meat. been initiated to establish Gokul Gram as per the
Source: Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19 guidelines of Rashtriya Gokul Mission (RGM) to
Animal Health and Veterinary Services conserve and propagate local indigenous breeds,
During 2017-18, the livestock and poultry are Deoni Breed at Kurikuppe in Ballari District. Rs
rendered health services through a network of 60 lakh has been released to KVAFSU to conduct
4212 Veterinary Institutions, comprising of 30 Field Performance Recording of Deoni cattle.
District Poly Clinic, 665 Veterinary Hospitals, National Mission on Bovine Productivity: For
2135 Veterinary Dispensaries, 1206 Primary LGHQWLÀFDWLRQ DQG WUDFHDELOLW\ RI DQLPDOV DQG
Veterinary enters and 176 Mobile Veterinary enhance milk production and productivity of
Clinics. Further 64 other Veterinary Institutions bovine population, National Mission on Bovine
are also rendering services. During 2017-18, Productivity programme (NMBP) under Rashtriya
2,35,48,574 cases were treated for various diseases Gokul Mission has been sanctioned by Government
ALLIED ACTIVITIES
and 411.42 lakhs vaccinations were carried out of India. Under Pashu Sanjivini component of
AGRICULTURE AND
as preventive measure for various diseases. Table NMBP the livestock breeding, health, nutrition
4.22 shows details of developmental activities of and productivity details are to be recorded
Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Services. through INAPH software by way of ear tagging
WKH DQLPDOV XVLQJ XQLTXH LGHQWLÀFDWLRQ QXPEHU
Table 4.22: Developmental activities of
provided by NDDB. A total amount of Rs 762 lakh
Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Services
has been sanctioned for the purpose which is
2018-19
Sl. in the proportion of 60:40 (GoI: GoK). 46.10 lakh
Particulars Unit 2016- 2017-18 (upto
No.
17 Nov.2018) breedable animals details are to be recorded in
Veterinary institutions INAPH software from the allocated funds.
LQFOXGLQJ$UWL¿FLDO
1 No. 4215 4215 4212
Insemination centers and
Mobile Veterinary Clinics)
a. Poultry development: During 2016-17, action
has been taken for automation of poultry farms
2 Livestock farms No. 11 11 11
at State poultry farm, Hesarghatta at a cost
3 Poultry farms No. 24 24 24 of Rs.12.74 lakh. During 2016-17, action has
$UWL¿FLDO LQVHPLQDWLRQV
been taken for supply of Giriraj Birds to Bidar,
4 lakh 26.82 27.26 17.73
done .RSSDODQG+DVVDQGLVWULFWEHQHÀFLDULHVXQGHU
5 No.of cases treated lakh 114.45 235.48 192.41 Backyard Poultry Development.
In b. National Livestock Insurance Scheme: Under
6 Fodder Produced 10278.30 10619.30 35155.12
Tonnes
the Centrally sponsored National Livestock
‘000
7 Milk produced 6562 7137 5129 Mission sub-mission, Risk Management, to help
Tonnes
the farmers who lose their valuable animals due to
8 Egg produced lakh 50672 55661 390.92
diseases and accidents, insurance cover to cattle
9 Wool produced Tonnes 6588 4304 1935 and buffaloes is provided. During 2017-18, Rs.
744 lakh has been utilized to insure 1,40,000
10 Meat produced Tonnes 209012 228032 172899
animals and during 2018-19, GOI has not released 315
Source: Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19 funds for Livestock Insurance Scheme.
c. Fodder seed production and distribution: with the Central Wool Development Board,
Under the Centrally sponsored National Livestock Jodhpur. During 2015-16, the scheme has been
Mission sub-mission, Fodder seed production, implemented in the project areas of Muddebihal,
KARNATAKA
Rs.166.67 lakh has been utilized to distribute Chikkaballapur and Molakalmuru Taluk. During
HAND BOOK OF
ATM (African Tall Maize) and Sorghum fodder 2017-18, remaining 84 rams distributed to
VHHGVPLQLNLWVWREHQHÀFLDULHV farmers of Chikkaballapura Taluk. In 2017-
18, the scheme is implemented in Muddebihal,
d. Ex-gratia for accidental death of animals:
Chikkaballapur and Molakalmuru taluk, Sira,
As per Government order no: AHF 81 AHP 2017,
Hospet, Lingasuguru, Chincholi, Bidar, Aurad
Bengaluru, dated: 05.08.2017, compensation of
and Gokak taluks. Rs.48 lakh budget was
Rs. 10,000 for accidental death of non-insured
utilized for health coverage of 50,000 sheep and
bullocks and cows has been provided and as
goat under SWIS programme. During 2017-
per the Government Addendum order no: AHF
18, under the scheme Genetic Improvement, an
81 AHP 2017, Bengaluru, dated: 28.10.2017,
incentive of Rs.3000/- per Ram is credited to 500
the programme to compensate accidental death
EHQHÀFLDULHV IRU SXUFKDVH RI SXUH EUHHG RI
of non-insured animals has been extended to
Rams by Karnataka Sheep and Wool Development
bullock/cow/ bull/he buffalo/she buffalo/heifer/
Corporation.
buffalo heifer (above six months age). During
2017-18, Rs 265.68 lakh has been released to During 2016-17, Rs.230 lakh spent for
EHQHÀFLDULHV RXW RI ZKLFK 5V ODNK deworming medicine and distributed to
DUH UHOHDVHG WR EHQHÀFLDULHV XQGHU 6&3 763 shepherds through veterinary dispensaries from
During 2018-19, till November 2018, Rs.1650 29.05.2017 to 15.06.2017 in the State. During
ODNK KDV EHHQ UHOHDVHG WR EHQHÀFLDULHV 2017-18, Rs.300 lakh is allocated for deworming
out of which Rs.366.75 lakh are released to medicine and will be distributed to shepherds
EHQHÀFLDULHVXQGHU6&3 763 through veterinary dispensaries all over State
from 01.12.2017 to 15.12.2017. During 2018-19
NAFCC funded project under Climate Change: Rs.
upto November 2018, Rs.500 lakh expenditure has
24.21 crore has been sanctioned by Government
been incurred for deworming medicine and will
of India for conservation and propagation of
be distributed to shepherds through veterinary
Indigenous cattle breeds and sheep. (Deoni/
dispensaries all over State has been taken up.
Hallikar/MalnadGidda breeds of cattle and
Deccani/Bannur/Bellari breeds of sheep). Out of During 2017-18, 112 training programmes
the sanctioned amount Rs.4.44 crore has been were conducted for 4863 shepherds trained
released as 1st instalment. The implementing XQGHU 6FLHQWLÀF 6KHHS UHDULQJ DW WKH FRVW RI
agencies of the project are Karnataka sheep & Rs.15.63 lakh. During 2018-19, 230 one-day
Wool Development Corporation, KVAFSU and training programmes will be conducted for 9200
NDRI. Baseline survey of indigenous breeds has VKHSKHUGVZLOOEHWUDLQHGXQGHU6FLHQWLÀF6KHHS
been completed and Field Performance Report of rearing at the cost of Rs. 23 lakh.
902 Hallikar cattle have been done. Indigenous
During 2017-18, Rs.1,185 lakh provided as one
breed of sheep have been inducted in the State
WLPHJUDQWRI5VÀYHODNKWRHDFK6KHHSDQG
farm and measures to preserve and propogate
Wool Cooperative Societies. During 2018-19, upto
them is under progress.
November 2018, Rs.65 lakh provided as one time
Karnataka Sheep and Wool Development grant of Rs.5 lakh to each 10 Sheep and Wool
Corporation (KSWDCL): In the state, there are 5 Co-operative Societies. Till date Rs.1250 lakhs
Sheep Breeding farms working under Corporation. provided as one time grant of Rs.5 lakh to each
As a part of breed improvement programme 250 Sheep and Wool Co-operative Societies.
353 improved breed rams/bucks have been
Subsidy Scheme: Under this Programme,
distributed from its sheep breeding farms to
VKHHSJRDW XQLWDUHJLYHQWREHQHÀFLDULHV
sheep farmers in 2017-18. In 2018-19, upto the
who are member of Karnataka Sheep and Wool
end of November-2018, 164 Rams/bucks were
Development Corporation Limited. During the
distributed to the farmers.
\HDU WRWDOO\ EHQHÀFLDULHV KDYH
KSWDCL is implementing sheep wool XWLOL]HGWKHEHQHÀWZLWKDQXQLWFRVWRI5V
316
improvement scheme (SWIS) in co-ordination with 25% of subsidy of Rs.16,860.
SCP and TSP: Under this Programme, sheep/ The following departmental poultry farms are
JRDW XQLW DUH JLYHQ WR EHQHÀFLDULHV ZKR producing day old Giriraja chicks with the facility
are member of Karnataka Sheep and Wool of breeding stock of parent Giriraja birds.
Development Corporation Limited. During the
1. State Poultry Farm, Hesaraghatta.
year 2017-18, asset has been provided for 685
2. Regional Poultry Rearing and Training Centre,
EHQHÀFLDULHVZLWKDQXQLWFRVW5V RI
Malavalli, Mandya District.
subsidy of Rs.33,720). During the year 2018-19,
subsidy of 90% or maximum Rs.60,000 will be 3. Regional Laboratory, Bangarpet, Kolar district.
provided. 4. District poultry rearing and training centre,
Kudige, Kodagu district.
a) Suraksha Yojane/Anugraha koduge for
5. District poultry rearing and training centre,
Shepherds: As per the 19th Livestock Census,
Gundlupet, Chamarajanagar district.
95.83 lakh sheep and 47.96 lakh goats were there
in the state. Under this scheme, ex-gratia will be 6. Poultry Extension centre, Koila, Dakshina
provided to shepherds to overcome the accidental kannada district.
loss due to death of sheep and goats and an ex- The budgetary allocation for the year 2017-18
gratia compensation of Rs. 5,000 to each given for was Rs.566 lakh of which expenditure incurred
death of sheep and goat which is above 6 months was Rs.563.61 lakh. Budget allocation for the
of age and which die accidentally or die due to year 2018-19 is Rs.654 lakh and the expenditure
FHUWLÀHG HSLGHPLF GLVHDVHV QRW FRYHUHG XQGHU incurred is Rs.453 lakh upto the end of November-
Natural Calamity Relief or Insurance Schemes. 2018.
During 2017-18, as per budget announcement,
.DUQDWDND &R2SHUDWLYH 3RXOWU\ )HGHUDWLRQ
an ex-gratia amount of Rs.2,500 will be provided
Presently 128 Primary Poultry Co-operative
to below 6 months sheep and goat kids which
6RFLHWLHV DUH DIÀOLDWHG WR )HGHUDWLRQ )HGHUDWLRQ
GLH DFFLGHQWDOO\ RU GLH GXH WR FHUWLÀHG HSLGHPLF
receives Grant in aid from the State Government,
diseases.
under Plan Head of Account, for its activities
ALLIED ACTIVITIES
In 2017-18, Government has provided like:- (1) short term training programme in
AGRICULTURE AND
Rs.2,568 lakh for exgratia amount to the death of Poultry Farming, (2) Rearing and distribution
45155 sheep/goat and 252 sheep and goat kids of Giriraja birds, (3) Maintenance of Regional
IRU VKHHS DQG JRDW EHQHÀFLDULHV 'XULQJ Centers, (4) Providing Assistance to Unemployed
2018-19, Rs.2,200 lakh is allocated and Rs. youths for establishment of Broiler Poultry
1,650 lakh is released till date. An allocation of units (500 birds) (5) Production of backyard
Rs.2093.52 lakh is available including previous chicks forbackyard poultry development (6)
years unspent amount of Rs.443.52 lakh. An Organizing Seminar (7) Study & awareness tour
amount of Rs.1,851 lakh is distributed as ex- programme to farmers (8) Refreshment Training
gratia for the death of 37,782 sheep/goat of to Veterinarians of Department of AH & VS. (9)
EHQHÀFLDULHV Organizing World Egg day. (10) Incentives for
newly registered societies under Federation. For
Poultry Development: State of Karnataka has WKH 6DODU\ DQG DOORZDQFHV RI WKH 2IÀFHUV DQG
156.70 million layers and 275.60 million broilers Staff of the Federation, Government has allocated
producing 412.30 million eggs and 81,828 tones Rs.350 lakh under Plan Head of Account and
of chicken meat respectively. There are 24 poultry Rs.326 lakh under Non-Plan Head of Account to
farms functioning under the Department of the Federation for the year 2018-19.
AH&VS for development of poultry in the State.
The major developmental activities are breeding Piggery Development: In the State, there are
5 pig Breeding Stations, which are located in
and rearing of Giriraja parent stock and supply
Hesaraghatta in Bengaluru District, Kudige in
of day old chicks to the farmers. During 2017-
Kodagu District, Koila in Dakshina Kannada
18, 894 farmers were trained in poultry rearing
District and Bangarpet in Kolar District and
and 379658 Giriraja chicks were produced.
Kalasa in Chikkamagaluru District. Among
During 2018-19 upto the end of November- 2018,
other activities, these stations are engaged in
210 farmers were trained in poultry rearing and
production and distribution of pure breed piglets, 317
2,72,810 eggs and 1,83,911 chicks were produced.
training and extension services in modern pig
UHDULQJWRYDULRXVVRFLRHFRQRPLFEHQHÀFLDULHV,Q of livestock diseases of national importance,
the state, most of the unemployed educated youths Animal Disease Surveillance, upgradation of
and farmers are interested in modern pig rearing Diagnostic Laboratory and Biologicals production
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
as a result of which, production of good quality of Units. For Organization of Seminars and training
pork and the lifestyle of the pig rearers are being programmes 100% funding is provided by GOI.
improved. Under RKVY scheme, the District Pig During 2018-19, action plan for Rs.1,010.37
Rearer’s Cooperative Societies are established in lakh has been sanctioned by GOI, which includes
12 districts namely Bengaluru Urban, Bengaluru central share of Rs.546.07 lakh and state share of
Rural, Ramanagara, Kolar, Mandya, Tumakuru, Rs.464.30 lakhs.
Madikeri, Hassan, Dakshina Kannada, Udupi,
Chikkaballapura and Chikkamagaluru for good During 2017-18, the approved action plan was
quality of pork. for Rs. 4,325.21 lakh, out of which Rs.180.07 lakh
was released from Government and the expenditure
Rabbit Development: In order to popularise incurred was Rs.180.07 lakh.During 2018-19,
rabbit rearing for meat production, 3 Rabbit Rs.100 lakh of Central Share (60%) was released
Rearing Centres are functioning at Hesaraghatta on 07-08-2018 and the proposal to release the
(Bengaluru), Sirsi (Uttara Kannada) and matching grant of state share (40%) of Rs. 44.29
Bankapur (Haveri). In these centres Newzealand lakh was sent to Government of Karnataka on
white, California white, Russian Grey giant and 14-09-2018 & the releases are awaited. During
Chinchilla breeds of Rabbit are being maintained. 2017-18, 49.08 lakh cattle and buffaloes were
Rabbit bunnies produced in these centres are vaccinated against Hemorrhagic Septicemia (HS).
EHLQJVROGWRLQWHUHVWHGIDUPHUV DWÀ[HGUDWH IRU Preventive vaccination against Entero toxaemia
breeding purposes. Farmers are being trained in (ET) was done for 196.88 lakhs of sheep and goats.
VFLHQWLÀFZD\RI5DEELWUHDULQJ As a part of surveillance work, 167 brain samples
Feed and Fodder Development: To mitigate from clinically suspected animals and 85 brain
the shortage of green fodder in the State livestock samples from slaughtered animals were collected
farms, fodder production, fodder seed production and forwarded to the laboratory and ascertained
and training of farmers are being undertaken that BSE is not present in our state. In order to
with the assistance of State disaster relief fund, NHHSYLJLODQFHRQWKHSUHVHQFHRI$YLDQ,QÁXHQ]D
RKVY Centrally sponsored scheme and Calamity 5,515 serum samples, 6,082 cloacal/tracheal and
Relief funds. The progress made under this 2,020 environmental samples were collected from
programme in the last three years is given below. all the district and forwarded to the laboratories
During 2016-17, out of Rs.10 crore released IRU H[DPLQDWLRQ $Q RXWEUHDN RI $YLDQ ,QÁXHQ]D
under State Disaster Management funds,4 lakhs was recorded in the state during 2017-18 viz.
Fodder minikits have been distributed to drought Dasarahalli village of Bengaluru North taluk in
prone talukas, 21 to 25 lakhs metric tones green Bengaluru Urban district.
fodder has been produced from this. During
'XULQJ 'HFHPEHU ELUG ÁX ZDV VHHQ
2016-17, under NLM 3.98 lakh fodder minikits
at KGN Chicken Center, Dasarahalli village of
worth Rs.8.44 crores has been distributed from
Bengaluru North taluk in Bengaluru Urban
which 18 to 19 lakh metric tones green fodder
district and 8 desi birds have been died. As per the
has been produced. In the same year 3.30 lakh
GOI guidelines, 942 poultry and 2 kg poultry feed
fodder minikit worth Rs.8.40 crores have been
ZHUH GHVWUR\HG VFLHQWLÀFDOO\ :LWKLQ VXUYHLOODQFH
distributed under RKVY scheme from which 17
area of 10 km radius, 84 serum samples and 42
to 18 lakh metric tones green fodder has been
cloacal samples were tested at NIHSAD, Bhopal
produced. During the year 2017-18, under State
Disaster Management funds 2.80 lakh fodder WR FRQÀUP DEVHQFH RI ELUG ÁX 'XULQJ
minikits worth Rs.5 crores has been distributed from April-2018 to November- 2018, 27.94 lakhs
to drought prone district from which 16 to 17 lakh cattle and buffaloes were vaccinated against
metric tones green fodder has been produced. Haemorrhagic Septicemia (H.S). Preventive
vaccination against Entero toxaemia (ET) was
Assistance to States for Control of Animal Diseases done in 132.52 lakhs sheep and goats. As a part
(ASCAD): 8QGHU WKLV SURJUDPPH ÀQDQFLDO of surveillance work 49 no’s of brain samples from
318
assistance is provided for systematic control clinically suspected animals and 84 no’s of brain
samples from slaughtered animals were collected immunity against virus, which was 5% in the pre-
and forwarded to the IAH & VB laboratory and vaccination samples and 18% in post-vaccination
ascertained that BSE is not present in our state. samples at the beginning of the programme has
In order to keep vigilance on the presence of increased to 49.7% in pre-vaccination samples
$YLDQ ,QÁXHQ]D VHUXP VDPSOHV and 65.6% in post vaccination serum samples after
cloacal/tracheal and 927 environmental samples 13th round, and 44.5% in pre-vaccination samples
collected from all the districts and forwarded to and 59.1% in post-vaccination serum samples
the laboratories for examination. No evidence of after 14th round of FMD Vaccination Programme.
$YLDQLQÁXHQ]DZDVREVHUYHGLQWKHVWDWHGXULQJ 15th round of FMD Vaccination programme will be
2018-19. taken up in the month of November/December
2018.
a) Mass vaccination Programmes: Several mass
vaccination programmes are being implemented During 2018-19, action plan for Rs.3519.54
in the State. Upto 2014-15, GOI has provided lakh has been submitted to GOI., comprising
100% assistance for FMD-CP, BCP, PPR-CP, of Central share (60%) of Rs.2111.73 lakh and
NPRSM and NADRS. But under ASCAD, the VWDWH VKDUH RI 5V ODNK $V D ÀUVW
sharing pattern was 75:25. The sharing pattern instalment Rs.1364.61 lakh has been released
from 2015-16 onwards is 60:40 under ASCAD, comprising of Central share (60%) of Rs. 818.77
FMD-CP, PPR-CP and BCP and 100% assistance lakh including Rs. 4.96 lakh unspent balance
for NPRSM and NADRS. for the year 2017-18 and state share (40%) of Rs.
545.84 lakh including the Rs.3.30 lakh unspent
b) Foot and Mouth Disease Control Program
balance amount for the year 2017-18 has been
(FMD-CP): Foot and Mouth Disease Control
released. Out of Rs. 881.51 lakh comprising of
Program (FMD-CP) is one of the Centrally
Central share (60%) of Rs.528.91 lakh and state
Sponsored Programme is being implemented in
share (40%) of Rs.352.60 lakh has been utilized
the state under 60%-40% (GOI-GOK) sharing
till the end of November 2018.
pattern. Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) have
severe, highly contagious viral disease of livestock c) National Animal Disease Reporting System
ALLIED ACTIVITIES
AGRICULTURE AND
ZLWK VLJQLÀFDQW HFRQRPLF LPSDFW 7KH GLVHDVH (NADRS): This programme envisages periodical
affects Cattle, Buffalo and swine as well as sheep, online reporting of outbreaks of diseases from
goats and other cloven-hoofed ruminants. The WKH ÀHOG YHWHULQDULDQV $OO WKH EORFN DQG
Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) have serious 30 districts and 1 center at state level have
socio-economic implication. Therefore, in order been provided with the hardware,software and
to control FMD in the State, mass vaccination internet facility. The state monitoring unit located
of all the cattle, buffaloes and pigs (Pulse Polio in Bengaluru consolidates the reports at state
mode) once in every six months is being carried level and forwards to the state Govt and GOI.
out under this programme. On ‘0’ and 28th day, During 2017-18, Rs.5 lakh was allocated in the
VHUXP VDPSOHV ZLOO EH FROOHFWHG IURP LGHQWLÀHG action plan. But no grants were released during
animals in selected villages and percentage of 2017-18. During 2018-19, Rs.5 lakh has been
animals having immunity against the virus will earmarked for this programme. A proposal has
be measured. Foot and Mouth Disease Control been submitted to GOI for revalidation of unspent
Programme (FMD-CP) is being implemented in balance of Rs.0.99 lakh for the year 2014-15
the state since 2011 and 14 rounds of vaccination forutilization during 2017-18. Revalidation is
programme have been successfully completed. awaited.
During 2017-18, 109.13 lakhs (97 %-12th round)
d) National Programme on Brucellosis Control:
and 109.52 lakhs (97%- 13th round) cattle,
This disease is characterized by abortions in the
buffaloes and pigs have been vaccinated. During
last trimester of pregnancy and it is communicable
2018-19, 107.58 lakhs cattle, buffaloes and pigs
to persons who come in contact with the animals
were vaccinated (96.5%) in 14th round vaccination
(Zoonotic). Vaccinating 6-8 month old female
programme including Combing round.
calves protects them for lifetime. Hence since
With the effective implementation of FMD-CP, 2011-12, screening of animals by Milk Ring Test
the number of outbreaks has been reduced in the (MRT) has been done and the incidence was found
319
recent years. The percentage of population having to be 3.5%. During 2017-18, a grant of Rs.56.44
lakh (revalidated from 2016-17 grants), which is state share and Rs.728 lakhs is earmarked for
included a central share of Rs.33.87 lakh and SCP and Rs.259 lakhs is earmarked for TSP. Under
a state share of Rs.22.57 lakh. An amount of this scheme, vaccination programmes for the
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
Rs.56.44 lakh was utilized. A total of 3.06 lakh diseases [FMD, Enterotoxaemia Haemmorrghic
6-8 month old female calves are vaccinated during Septicaemia and Anthrax] that are of economic
2017-18. During 2018-19, Rs.302 lakh has been and zoonotic importance will be carried out. Other
proposed in the action plan. From April 2018 to DFWLYLWLHV EHLQJ PDLQWHQDQFH DQG UHSDLU RI RIÀFH
November 2018, 0.74 lakh 6-8 month old female buildings, de worming campaigns, disease sur
calves are vaccinated. veillance disease monitoring programmes and the
VDODU\IRURIÀFHUV VWDII$QDPRXQWRI5V
e) National programme on Rinderpest
lakhs released and Rs.1,238 lakhs expenditure is
Surveillance and monitoring (NPRSM): Rinderpest
incurred upto the end of November 2018.
has been eradicated in the country. Surveillance
work is being done continuously to ascertain that Amrithmahal Kaval: For 2018-19, the total
no cases of Rinderpest or cases with symptoms allocated budget is Rs.50 lakh. Allocation will be
related to Rinderpest are prevalent in any village utilized for maintenance of Amrithmahal kavals
or presented for treatment in any veterinary of Chikkamagaluru, Tumakuru, Chitradurga
institutions. During 2017-18 no funds were and Hassan districts. An amount of Rs.38 lakh
released under the scheme. For 2018-19, an is released and Rs.24.50 lakh expenditure is
assistance of Rs.5 lakh has been proposed. incurred upto the end of November 2018.
f) National control programme on Peste Des Petits Livestock Farms and Training: For 2018-19 the
Ruminants (PPR) Control Programme: The mass total allocated budget is Rs.3127 lakh. Amount
vaccination of Sheep and goats against PPR is will be utilized towards salary and allowances,
being implemented since 2011-12, during which supply of chemicals and liquid nitrogen for semen
116.33 lakhs sheep and goats were vaccinated. production centers of the state, purchase of feeds
Subsequently, at 6 monthly intervals, newly born for the livestock farms, repair and maintenance
and adults left over during the previous round of of farm vehicles and equipments, construction,
vaccination i.e, 30% of the population, are being repairs and maintenance of buildings in the
vaccinated. A grant of Rs. 202.93 lakh was released farms. An amount of Rs.2,345 lakhsare released
during the year 2017-18 and could not be utilized and Rs.1,752 lakhs expenditure incurred upto
due to non receipt of order in time. About 170.88 the end of November.
lakhs sheep and goats were vaccinated during
the year. During 2018-19, Rs.356 lakh has been Support to Pinjarapoles and other Goshalas: For
proposed in the action plan. So far, about 121.34 2018-19, the total allocated budget is Rs.400
lakhs of sheep and goats have been vaccinated lakh.It is proposed to support pinjarapoles and
(April 2018 to November 2018). goshalas for maintenance (water, feed, health
care) of unproductive and abandoned animals
Institute of Animal Health and Veterinary and also to support State Animal Welfare Board
Biologicals, Bengaluru and strengthening district society for prevention
For 2018-19 the total allocated budget is Rs of cruelty to animals (SPCA). An amount of Rs.
3,109 lakhs. Under this scheme, amount of 300 lakhs released and Rs.125 lakhs expenditure
Rs.1,911 lakhs will be spent for production of incurred upto the end of November 2018.
vaccine to control livestock diseases, disease
diagnosis and investigation, providing expert State Poultry Farms: For 2018-19, the total
DGYLVRU\ VHUYLFHV WUDLQLQJV RIÀFH H[SHQGLWXUHV allocated budget is Rs. 654 lakhs. Amount will be
salary and allowances. An amount of Rs.2,332 utilized towards salary and allowances of KCPF
lakhs is released and Rs.2,332 lakhs expenditure and state poultry farms, daily wages, incidental
has been incurred upto the end of November expenditure, poultry feed for 6 poultry farms
2018. (10,000 birds), minor repairs and maintenance of
buildings, repairs and fuel for vehicles/generators
Control of Animal Diseases: For 2018-19, the and other essential items. An amount of Rs.491
total allocated budget is Rs. 5,846 lakhs, out of this lakhs released and Rs.453 lakhs expenditure is
320 Rs. 3,174 lakhs is central share, Rs.2,672 lakhs
incurred.
Karnataka Sheep & Wool Development out of this Rs.310.12 lakhs is central share
Corporation limited: For 2018-19, the total and Rs.1355.88 lakh is state share. Rs.739
allocated budget is Rs.2,475 lakhs, out of this lakhs is earmarked for SCP and Rs.282 lakhs
Rs.214 lakhs for SCP and Rs.87 for TSP. Amount is earmarked for TSP. It is proposed to take up
will be utilized towards salary and allowances programmes approved by SLEC, viz, integrated
RI WKH VWDII DQG RXWVRXUFH HPSOR\HHV RIÀFH poultry development, genetic improvement and
expenses, dewormers for sheep/goat, mineral breeding of sheep, supply of fodder seed minikits.
mixtures and medicines, health coverage of sheep Rs.10,000 ex-gratia will be provided to the farmers
and Goats, maintenance of 6 sheep breeding for the accidental death of cattle that are neither
farms of the State, trainings, distribution of rams covered under insurance nor under calamity
IRU EUHHGLQJ SXUSRVH ´&HUWLÀHG (OLWH %UHHG 5DP relief fund. Out of this allocation Rs.422.61 lakh
Producing Units, Ballari Sheep Breeding Centre is earmarked for this programme. An amount
and induction of (10+1) Sheep /Goat Units for of Rs.1,460 lakhs released and Rs.792 lakhs
6&67 EHQHÀFLDULHV $Q DPRXQW RI 5V expenditure is incurred upto the end of November
lakhs released and Rs.1,856 lakhs expenditure is 2018.
incurred upto the end of November 2018.
Veterinary Education and Training: An
([JUDWLDWR6KHHS2ZQHUVIRUDFFLGHQWDOGHDWKRI allocation of Rs.341 lakh is provided during
sheep and Goat: For 2018-19 the total allocated 2018-19. It will be utilized towards salary
budget is Rs.2,200 lakhs, out of this Rs.377 and allowances, training of farmers and staff,
lakhs is earmarked for SCP and Rs.112 lakhs organising seminars and advertising the state
for TSP. Ex-gratia will be paid to shepherds. For level departmental programmes through print/
the accidental death of sheep/goat that are not electronic media. Under this head provision has
covered under any other insurances schemes been made to meet the expenditure for “State
or calamity relief funds, at rate of Rs.5,000 per Level Dasara Exhibition” at Mysuru. An amount
adult sheep/goat and Rs.2,500 for sheep/goat of Rs. 256 lakhs released and Rs.195 lakhs
below six months of age. An amount of Rs.1,650 expenditure is incurred upto the end of November
lakh released and Rs.1,650 lakh expenditure is 2018.
ALLIED ACTIVITIES
incurred upto the end of November 2018.
AGRICULTURE AND
Animal Husbandry Statistics & Livestock
Pig Breeding Stations: For 2018-19, the total Census: An allocation of Rs.237 lakhs allocation
allocated budget is Rs.157 lakh. Allocation will is provided under this scheme for 2018-
be utilized for salary and allowances of the staff,
19. Allocation will be utilized for salary and
payment for outsource employees, purchase of
allowances of the staff, maintenance of building,
concentrate feed for pigs, purchase of equipments,
purchase of equipments, computer peripherals
minor works and repairs of buildings, and farm
DQG RWKHU RIÀFH H[SHQVHV $Q DPRXQW RI 5V
maintenance. An amount of Rs.118 lakh released
lakhs released and Rs.177 lakhs expenditure is
and Rs.96 lakh expenditure is incurred upto the
incurred upto the end of November 2018.
end of November 2018.
Sample Survey Scheme of estimation of Milk,
Livestock Development farms: Rs.2,577 lakhs
Egg and Wool: During 2018-19 ,an allocation of
allocation is provided under this scheme for
Rs. 428 lakhs allocation is provided, out of this
2018-19. Allocation will be utilized for salary and
Rs.214 lakhs is central share and Rs.214 lakhs is
allowances of the staff, payment for outsource
employees, daily wages, purchase of concentrate state share. It is proposed to utilize the allocation
feed for livestock in 11 farms and 3 frozen semen towards staff salary, expenditure for carrying out
production centers, repairs and fuel for vehicles/ survey of major livestock producers like milk, egg,
generators, agriculture activities, maintenance meat and wool during three seasons of the year viz.
of equipments and machineries, installation of summer, rainy and winter. Survey will be carried
solar lights and pump sets for farms and semen out in randomly selected villages; reports will be
centers. An amount of Rs.1,933 lakhs released complied and sent to the Government. Rs.323
and Rs.1,783 lakhs expenditure is incurred upto lakhs is released and Rs.207 lakhs expenditure is
the end of November 2018. incurred upto the end of November 2018.
National Livestock Mission: An allocation of Animal Husbandry Statistics and Livestock
Rs.1,666 lakhs is provided during 2018-19, Census: Rs.1 lakh allocation is provided under 321
this scheme for 2018-19 as notional allocation. increase fodder produce by expanding fodder
This is 100 per cent central scheme, Rs.80 lakh growing area, seed production, jala krushi
is released by the GOI. During current year 20th (Hydrophonics), green fodder production
KARNATAKA
livestock census is under progress hence the
HAND BOOK OF
etc., and it will be implemented through PPP
amount will be utilized. model.
Establishment of Veterinary and Animal Sciences 3. There are about 4,000 migratory shepherds
University: For 2018-19, the total allocated in the State, who move from place to place
budget is Rs 8,882 lakhs, out of this Rs.266 with the herd for grazing unmindful of rain,
lakhs is earmarked for SCP and Rs.89 lakhs for wind and sun. To provide protection to
TSP. Allocation will be utilized for the salary and these shepherds and their sheep, grant of
allowances of teaching and non teaching staff, Rs.4 crore will be provided for procurement
state share of 25% of the expenditure towards of materials like temporary tent, iron wire
ICAR schemes, student’s stipend, study tour, fencing and other inputs during 2018-19.
maintenance of buildings, vehicles and animals,
RIÀFH H[SHQGLWXUH SHQVLRQV SURYLVLRQ KDV EHHQ 4. About 50 to 60 lakh sheep and goats are being
made to meet the expenditure of SC/ST students. slaughtered annually for meat in the State.
For value addition to the skin of sheep and
Grants to Animal Husbandry Co-operatives: goat, Skin Processing and Tanning Centre
Rs. 650 lakhs allocation is provided under this will be established at a cost of Rs.2 crore.
scheme for 2018-19. The allocated amount will
be utilized towards salary and allowances, to 5. Presently, Disease diagnostic laboratories
create awareness and interest in backyard poultry are functioning only in 14 districts of the
farming in rural areas. It is proposed to produce State. It has been planned to extend the
1,30,000 backyard poultry birds and distribution Disease diagnostic laboratory facilities to all
to farmers, Implementation of 500 Broiler the remaining 16 districts in the next three
birds unit for unemployed youths, conducting years. During 2018-19 Disease diagnostic
awareness tour for 250 progressive farmers laboratories will be established in Gadag,
DQG VKRUW WHUP WUDLQLQJ IRU EHQHÀFLDULHV Koppal, Vijayapura, Raichur and Dharwad
Construction of Godowns at Sheep and Wool Districts, for which a grant of Rs.3 crore is
Producers Co-operative Societies, Establishment provided during 2018-19.
RI :RRO 3URFHVVLQJ 8QLWV RIÀFH H[SHQVHV VDODU\
6. An amount of Rs.7.5 crore will be spent for
and allowances of Karnataka Co-operative
modernization of 75 sheep/goat markets in
Sheep and Goat Rearer’s Co-operative Societies
the State by providing weighing machine,
Federation. An amount of Rs.487.50 lakhs has
water facility and sheep yard with wire
been released and Rs.487.50 lakhs expenditure is
fencing and shade facility.
incurred upto the end of November 2018.
7. Incentive of Rs.55 crore will be provided
New Schemes for the year 2018-19
to the staff of 14,000 Milk Producers’ Co-
6KHHSDQG*RDWUHDULQJLVDSURÀWDEOHVXE
operative Societies functioning in the State
occupation of farmers in the State. Sheep
on the basis of quality milk collection at 20
UHDULQJZLOOEHHQFRXUDJHGWKURXJKÀQDQFLDO
paise per litre. Out of this Milk Federations
assistance from National Co-operative
and Government will bear 10 paise each.
Development Corporation (N.C.D.C).
Emphasis will be given for sheep rearing by 8. Outstanding dues of medium term loan upto
establishing 25,000 units. Government will a limit of Rs.50,000 availed by shepherds
give guarantee for Rs.187.50 crore loans to from Cooperative banks upto the end of
be given by the N.C.D.C. 31.12.2017 for sheep and goat rearing will be
ZDLYHG7KLVZLOOEHQHÀWVKHSKHUGVWR
2. Government has taken all steps to over come
the extent of Rs.52 crore.
shortage of fodder to the livestock due to
continuous drought situation in the State. 9. Three Frozen Semen Distribution centres will
To prevent shortage of fodder in future,’State be established at divisional level in Dharwad,
)RGGHU 6HFXULW\ 3ROLF\· IRU QH[W ÀYH \HDUV Kalaburagi and Mysuru at an expenditure of
322
will be formulated with programmes to Rs.2.25 crore.
10. On experimental basis, it is proposed to Table 4.23: Progress On Dairy Development
establish Green Fodder Production Units In Karnataka Cooperative
using Hydroponics method, for which Rs.3 Sl. 2018-19 (Up
Items Unit 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18
crore will be provided. No. to Nov.18)
1 DC Sregistered No. 461 525 708 262
11. Due to increase collection of milk in Hassan
DC Smade
Milk Union and to make processing of milk 2
functional
No. 552 558 786 275
SURÀWDEOHDPHJDGDLU\RIWRODNKOLWUHV Members
3 No 48,367 65,627 64,894 35,865
capacity will be established with all basic enrolled
infrastructures for which a grant of Rs.50 4 Milk procured
Lakh/
23.75 23.91 25.85 18.67
Tonnes
crore will be provided.
5 Animals Treated Lakh 0.05 0.02 0.03 0.12
Karnataka Milk Federation: The Karnataka 6
Animals insem-
Lakh 33.43 34.46 35.73 20.99
inated
Cooperative Milk Federation has been formed on
Animals
Co-operative basis which has three tier system. 7 examined for Lakh 25.00 26.53 26.65 17.48
pregnancy
1) Milk cooperative societies at primary level.
Source: Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19
2) Cooperative unions at district level.
3) Federation at state level. Rashtriya Krishi Vikasa Yojane (RKVY): Rs.206
lakhs for Flexi pack unit at Belagavi, Rs.200
KMF is an Organization implementing dairy lakh for Flexi pack unit at Tumakuru and Rs.400
development activities in the state under lakhs towards Koppala Dairy released under
‘Operation Flood’. This organization has the RKVY programme for year 2017-18 and this
responsibility of providing remunerative price projects has been completed and it is functioning.
and market to the rural milk producers of the During the year 2018-19 Rs.380 lakhs releasedto
state and supplying pure milk and milk products establish 100 MTPD capacity of milk powder plant
to the consumers. in Kanva, Channapattana Taluk of Ramanagara
district and Rs.300 lakhs has been released for
The Federation has 25 dairy processing
ALLIED ACTIVITIES
the ongoing project of Mysore Mega dairy.
plants with a capacity of 66.10 lakh liters/
AGRICULTURE AND
day. Organization has 44 milk chilling centers National Programme for Dairy Development
DQGÀYH PLON SURGXFW GDLULHV ZKLFK PDQXIDFWXUH (NPDD): 8QGHU WKLV VFKHPH IRU WKH ÀQDQFLDO
148 MT milk powder every day. The Karnataka year 2015-16 and 2016-17, Rs.791.60 lakh has
0LON )HGHUDWLRQ LQ LWV MXULVGLFWLRQ KDV ÀYH FDWWOH been approved to establish DCS under 100%
feed plants which produce 45,000 MT’s of cattle grants to Kalaburagi, Bidar and Yadgir districts of
feed/month, The plant have ISO 9001/2000 North Karnataka. In order to establish 320 DCS in
FHUWLÀFDWLRQIRUTXDOLW\SURGXFWLRQDQGVXSSO\RI these districts Rs.395.80 lakh has been released
cattle feed to producers. At present, 14,676 dairy as a part of 1st instalment. During 2017-18,
co-operative societies are functioning, within the 320 DCS has been established and utilization
limit of 14 district milk federation and 24.92 lakh FHUWLÀFDWHVXEPLWWHGWR*RYWIRU5VODNK
farmers are enrolled as members, out of which,
During the year 2017-18, Rs.260lakhs of grant
8.40 lakh farmers are active members.
amount released to install AMCU (Rs.1 lakh/
Incentives to Milk Producers: In order to AMCU as grant) at DCS levels of Bengaluru, Kolar,
encourage dairy farmers Rs.2 has been given as Hassan, Tumakuru, Mysuru, Chamarajanagar,
remuneration per litre milk. Govt. of Karnataka Mandya, Shivamogga, Dakshina Kannada,
increase Rs.4 w.e.f. 14.5.2013 and again further Dharwad, Belagavi and Ballari milk unions to
increased to Rs.5 effective from Dec-2016. During implement the programme. During the year 2018-
the year 2018-19 Rs.331.17 crore has been 19, under NPDD scheme Rs.20.22 crores of grant
released by end of June-2018. The amount is sanctioned for installation of 1,348 AMCU’s at
directly paid to the milk producers to the bank DCS level with a grant of Rs.1.50 lakh per unit. Out
account linked with Aadhaar. An average 8.5 of sanctioned amount Rs.10.11 crores released
ODNKPLONSURGXFHUVDUHEHQHÀWHGE\WKLVVFKHPH for installation of 674 AMCU’s at different DCS
The progress on dairy development in Karnataka of Bengaluru, Kolar, Dakshina Kannada, Mandya,
323
Cooperative is given in the Table 4.23. Mysuru, Tumakuru and Shivamogga milk unions.
During the year 2016-17, under “Special allocated for “KMF Sanjeevini” under “KMF IBP”.
Central Assistance to schedule Tribe programme, This scheme is implemented in 100 WDCS and
Cooperative based (or other) dairy development EHQHÀFLDULHVDUHFRYHUHGLQPLONXQLRQV
KARNATAKA
with an outlay of Rs.425 lakh. This scheme also
HAND BOOK OF
including processing and chilling infrastructure
to ensure better and reasonable price to (tribal covers Training, Animal purchase through margin
households @ Rs.5 lakh per society (120) money and Bank linkages. WDCS are provided
%HQHÀFLDULHV µ 5V ODNK ZDV UHOHDVHG WR with furniture, AMCU and Solar pack. Awareness
KMF as this programme should be carried out programmes are conducted at village level. SHG
in assistance with KMF for installation of 120 groups are formed among the TG members with
BMC’s at DCS of shivamogga, Dakshina Kannada, the initial grant of Rs. 15000/- per SHG is released
Dharwad, Kolar, Chamarajanagar, Mysuru, to strengthening the SHG. Sanjeevini scheme is
Ballari, Belagavi and Hassan milk unions and continued for the year 2017-18 covering 4000
this scheme was implemented during 2017-18. EHQHÀFLDULHVLQ:'&6RIPLONXQLRQZLWK
an outlay of Rs.606 lakh. KMF Sanjeevini scheme
Support to Training and Employment Programme
is further continued for the year 2018-19 covering
(STEP): Karnataka Milk Federation (KMF) EHQHÀFLDULHVLQ:'&6RIPLONXQLRQ
initiated the Support to training and employment with an outlay of Rs.785 lakh.
programme (STEP) for women in Karnataka from
October 1997. Since then KMF has organized Funds allocated for AMCU’s purchase to
1924 WDCS in STEP I to VIII Phases. Under facilitate women producers to know the precise
STEP program the Ministry of Women and Child weight of the milk, fat content in the milk, based
Development, GOI has sanctioned Rs.5,647 lakh on which the milk price is given. A computer slip
and released Rs.4,536.46 lakh. The KMF and milk would facilitate them to know the precise amount
unions have spent Rs.5,323.10 lakh to this project. to be received per shift each day. This helps the
As part of Women Empowerment, 2,550 Self Help transactions of the WDCS to be transparent and
Groups are formed with a saving of Rs.3207 lakh. women will have more faith in the WDCS. Under
The Milk Procurement from these WDCS is 8.11 the scheme Rs.75,000/-per unit as a grant to
LLPD and a payment of Rs.218.34 lakh is made purchase AMCU with total of Rs. 73.50 lakh.
directly to Women member only (including GOK An amount of Rs. 200 lakh is allocated to North
Rs. 5/- as incentive) Karnataka milk unions including Shivamogga
milk union towards formation and strengthening
“Ksheera Sanjeevini”: KMF initiated ‘Ksheera of new WDCS.
Sanjeevini’ Phase-I project with the help of
Sanjeevini-KSRLPS from April 2014. In this project, Five more additional facilities are included for
KMF has covered 250 existing Women Dairy Co- TG members in KMF Sanjeevini 2018-19: 1) Cattle
operative Societies(WDCS) in 30 District under insurance for the existing animals; 2) Premium
the fold of Ksheera Sanjeevini scheme. Under this, for Janashree bhima yojana; 3) Premium for
10,000 women as Target Group Members (TGMs) Yashaswini scheme; 4) Mediclaim facilities for TG
are enrolled. The outlay of the project is Rs.1,710 members and their dependents; 5) Cow Mat for 40
lakh for three years. From 2014-15 to 2017-2018, TGms per WDCS.
Rs.1,353 lakh has been released from KSRLPS and 2XWFRPH The Milk procurement, membership
covered 250 WDCS. In each WDCS there are 40 DQGWKHDUWLÀFLDOLQVHPLQDWLRQKDYHFRQVLGHUDEO\
Target group members, totally 10,000 members increased due to incentive to dairy development
DUH EHQHÀWHG ZLWK WUDLQLQJV 0DUJLQ PRQH\ IRU DFWLYLWLHVWKHUHE\EULQJLQJÀQDQFLDOJURZWKLQWKH
purchase of milch animal, Equipments to WDCS dairy sector. This growth has brought in socio-
and Awareness Programmes are conducted at economic development at the grass root level.
village level. Dairying has become a sustainable activity by
“KMF Sanjeevini”: After the very good impact of providing continuous remunerative price for the
STEP & Ksheera Sanjeevini scheme in uplifting the milk.
rural women economically and socially, KMF also Cattle Development: Cattle breeding programme
started a new scheme KMF Sanjeevini program for milch animal production and conservation
in the same lines of STEP/ Ksheera Sanjeevini of indigenous breeds i.e., Hallikar,Amrutmahal,
324
in all milk unions. During 2016-17, funds are Khilar and Deoni for drought purposes is carried
RXW WKURXJK DUWLÀFLDO LQVHPLnation and embryo 7. Khillar Cattle Breeding Station, Bankapur,
transfer technology. Indigenous breeds are Haveri District-Khillar Cattle Breeding,
developed by selective breeding in the livestock fodder development, bull-calf production
farms located at Kunikenahalli in Tumakuru, and distribution. Rabbit production and
Ajjampura in Chikkamagaluru and Bankapura in distribution.
Haveri districts. Frozen semen from the centers
8. Jercy Cattle Breeding and Training centre,
at Hesaraghatta and Dharwad is supplied for
Dharwad UAS Campus- Jercy Cattle Breeding,
breeding purposes. In 2011-12 and 2012-13,
bull-calf production, farmer’s training, fodder
ODNKDQGODNKDUWLÀFLDOLQVHPLQDWLRQV
development and frozen semen production.
were done, resulting into birth of 7.69 lakh
and 6.46 lakh calves respectively during these 9. Buffaloes Breeding Farm, Tegur, Dharwad
two years. Further, 6.49 lakh and 7.15 lakh District-Surthi Buffalo breeding, bull-
castrations were also performed respectively calf production and distribution, fodder
during these two years. In 2013-14, 12.16 lakh production.
DUWLÀFLDOLQVHPLQDWLRQVZHUHGRQHJLYLQJELUWKWR 10. Livestock Breeding and Training Centre,
3.16 lakh calves and 2.90 lakh castrations were Munirabad, Raichur District-Jercy Cattle
performed upto September,2013. Breeding, fodder development, farmer’s
There are eleven livestock farms under the training, frozen semen production and
control of the Department of Animal Husbandry distribution.
and Veterinary Services, of which some are 11. Livestock Breeding and Training Centre,
composite in nature. Composite livestock farms Karikuppi, Ballari District-Cross Breed bull-
are engaged in production of superior germplasm, calf production, fodder production, fodder
fodder seeds and imparting training to farmers. development and farmer’s training.
The details of livestock farms are given here.
FISHERIES
1. State Livestock Breeding and Training Centre, ,Q .DUQDWDND 6WDWH ÀVKHULHV KDV DWWDLQHG
Hesaraghatta-Jercycattle breeding, bull-calf DV DQ LPSRUWDQW VHFWRU FRQWULEXWLQJ WR ÀVK
ALLIED ACTIVITIES
production, frozen semen production, farmer’s production besides source of foreign exchange
AGRICULTURE AND
training, fodder and fodder seed production. earner. Fish being one of the sources of quality
2. Livestock Breeding Farm, Hesaraghatta - SURWHLQXVHRIÀVKDVIRRGKHOSVLQHUDGLFDWLRQRI
Cross breeding and bull calf production, malnutrition among rural population. Fisheries
fodder development, Pig and Rabbit rearing. Sector contributes to production of quality
animal protein required for human being besides
3. Jercy Cattle Breeding Station, Kudige,
provides more employment opportunities. The
Kodagu District-Jercy Cattle breeding, bull-
vast marine, brackish water and inland fresh
calf production, farmer’s training, fodder
ZDWHUUHVRXUFHVDUHWKHVRXUFHRIÀVKSURGXFWLRQ
development and pig development.
in the State. Karnataka State (erstwhile Mysuru
4. Livestock Breeding farm, Koila, Dakshina State) emerged as a maritime State in 1956 with
Kannada District - Cross breed calf the reorganization of the States. An independent
production, Surti buffalo production, fodder Department of Fisheries was set up during
development, pig production and farmers 1957. Since then, the Department of Fisheries
training. has been consistently striving for development
RI ÀVKHULHV DQG RI ÀVKHUPHQ E\ LPSOHPHQWLQJ
5. Hallikar Cattle Breeding Station,
various developmental schemes in both Marine
Kunikenahalli, Tumakuru District - Hallikar
DQG,QODQGÀVKHULHV6HFWRUV7KH)LVKHULHV6HFWRU
Cattle Breeding, bull-calf production and
plays an important role in the socio-economic
distribution and fodder development.
development of State, in view of its contribution to
6. Amritmahal Cattle Breeding Station, the food basket, nutritional security, large foreign
Ajjampur, Chikkamagaluru District- exchange earnings, employment generation and
Amritmahal cattle Breeding, bull-calf income.
production and distribution, Rabbit
Karnataka State has 320 Km long coast line
production and distribution and fodder
along with 27,000 Sq.km continental shelf area, 325
development.
5.65 lakh hectares of various inland.
Fish Catch
(Hundred Tonnes)
No. of Fishery Tanks
Coastal Total
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
Departmental Tanks Marine Fresh
Year / District Length Fish
Reserviors & Grampanchayat Fish Water Fish
LQ.PV Catch
Tanks
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
2013-14 300 82 26739 389821 223420 613241
2014-15 320 80 26507 411762 167150 578912
2015-16 320 82 26739 398928 158566 557494
2016-17
Sl. No.
1 Bagalkote - - 62 - 3349 3349
2 Bengaluru - 2 680 - 2110 2110
3 Bengaluru (R) - 2 588 - 4423 4423
4 Belagavi - 5 745 - 4760 4760
5 Ballari - 4 205 - 10388 10388
6 Bidar - 3 165 - 1877 1877
7 Vijayapura - 2 233 - 4744 4744
8 Chamarajnagar - 3 346 - 2017 2017
9 Chikkaballapura - - 1196 - 5409 5409
10 Chikkamagaluru - 2 1849 - 3768 3768
11 Chitradurga - 3 320 - 1203 1203
12 D. Kannada 42 - 108 152574 7532 160106
13 Davangere - 2 396 - 1943 1943
14 Dharwad - 1 710 - 757 757
15 Gadag - - 257 - 5024 5024
16 Kalaburagi - 6 222 - 9578 9578
17 Hassan - 3 3182 - 2206 2206
18 Haveri - 1 1339 - 3517 3517
19 Kodagu - 2 597 - 1608 1608
20 Kolar - 2 2283 - 2219 2219
21 Koppal - 5 79 - 12924 12924
22 Mandya - 4 855 - 7332 7332
23 Mysuru - 3 1080 - 10095 10095
24 Raichur - 3 304 - 17443 17443
25 Ramanagara - 2 538 - 9971 9971
26 Shivamogga - 9 5507 - 3571 3571
27 Tumakuru - 4 1589 - 7688 7688
28 Udupi 98 - 54 144525 4309 148834
29 Uttara Kannada 180 7 1018 101829 5019 106848
30 Yadagiri - 2 232 - 1782 1782
326
Source : Directorate of Fisheries.
water resources aQG KDV YDVW VFRSH IRU ÀVKHULHV Marine: Out of 30 districts in Karnataka, only
development. The brackish water area of 8,000 three districts viz. Dakshina Kannada, Udupi and
KHFWDUHVDOVRSURYLGHVJRRGVFRSHIRUVKULPSÀVK Uttara Kannada are having marine resources.
FXOWXUH 7KHUH DUH DERXW ODNK ÀVKHUPHQ LQ The total coastal length of Karnataka is 300
WKHVWDWHRIZKLFKODNKÀVKHUPHQLQPDULQH km out of which 42 km. in Dakshina Kannada
DQG ODNK ÀVKHUPHQ DUH LQ LQODQG ZKR DUH district, 98 km in Udupi district and 160 km
LQYROYHGLQYDULRXVÀVKHULHVDFWLYLWLHV.DUQDWDND in Uttara Kannada district. The state has rich
LV LQ WK SRVLWLRQ LQ PDULQH ÀVK SURGXFWLRQ DQG continental shelf of 27,000 square km with an
WK SRVLWLRQ LQ LQODQG ÀVK SURGXFWLRQ ZKHQ Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of 87,000 square
FRPSDUHGWRÀVKSURGXFWLRQLQWKHFRXQWU\7KH km having a resource potential of 4.25 lakh metric
WRWDOÀVKSURGXFWLRQGXULQJ LVODNK WRQQHVRIÀVKSURGXFWLRQSHUDQQXP7KHGHWDLOV
tonnes. of the continental shelf area, annual catchable
SRWHQWLDO RI LPSRUWDQW ÀVK DQG PDULQH ÀVKHULHV
The major objectives of Department of Fisheries
resources in Karnataka are given in Table 4.24
are: 7R HQKDQFH ÀVK SURGXFWLRQ XWLOL]LQJ DOO
WKH DYDLODEOH DQG XVHIXO ÀVKHULHV UHVRXUFHV 7R Table 4.24 Continental Shelf area in different
execute and adopt the essential management Bathymetric Division of Karnataka
PHDVXUHVUHTXLUHGIRUVXVWDLQDEOHÀVKSURGXFWLRQ Depth Division of continental shelf based on depth
in the marine sector and also to bring awareness range UDQJH $UHDLQVTXDUHNP
DPRQJ WKH ÀVKHUPHQ FRPPXQLW\ DERXW WKLV Division
0-10 10-40 40-100 0-100
Fathoms Fathoms Fathoms Fathoms
Development and maintenance of infrastructure
12/74 172 858 429 1459
IRUÀVKLQJÀVKODQGLQJSUHVHUYDWLRQSURFHVVLQJ
13/74 1200 6689 258 8147
and marketing both in marine and inland sector.
14/74 1200 2830 0 4030
$GRSWLRQ RI QHZ WHFKQRORJLHV IRU ÀVK VHHG
13/73 0 1715 3945 5660
SURGXFWLRQ DQG ÀVK FXOWXUH ,PSURYHPHQW LQ
14/73 0 3259 4459 7718
ÀVKPDUNHWLQJQHWZRUN([WHQGLQJVFLHQWLÀFDQG
Total 2572 15351 90901 27014
H[WHQVLRQ VHUYLFHV WR WKH ÀVK IDUPHUV ([SRVXUH
ALLIED ACTIVITIES
Source: “Demersal Fisheries Resources of the South-West Coast
RIQHZWHFKQRORJLHVWRWHFKQLFDORIÀFHUVDQGVWDII
AGRICULTURE AND
of India” by Exploratory Fisheries Project, Government of India.
of the department. Improvement of the socio-
HFRQRPLFFRQGLWLRQVRIÀVKHUPHQFRPPXQLW\ Inland: There are 27 inland districts in the
Marine Fisheries State in addition to three marine districts i.e.,
Dakshina Kannada, Udupi and Uttara Kannada
'HYHORSPHQW RI PDULQH ÀVKHULHV VHFWRU LV
which are having lesser inland resources.
taken up with a focus on sustainability through
Karnataka has 5.60 lakhs ha. of freshwater
empowering the traditional sector, enhancing of
sources consisting of 2.93 lakhs ha.of ponds,
sea safety and rational exploitation of untapped
tanks and 2.67 lakhs ha.of reservoirs. In addition
deep-sea resources, achieving employment
to this, 5813 km of river stretch and about 3,187
JHQHUDWLRQ VRFLDO VHFXULW\ RI ÀVKHUV LQFUHDVHG
km of irrigation canals provides innumerable
food security and augmenting sea food exports.
RSSRUWXQLWLHV IRU LQODQG ÀVKLQJ 'HWDLOV DUH
0RVW LPSRUWDQW LQ WKH ÀVKHULHV VHFWRU LV
shown in Table 4.25.
development, expansion and maintenance of
LQIUDVWUXFWXUHIDFLOLWLHVOLNHÀVKLQJKDUERXUVDQG Table 4.25: Inland Fisheries Resources in
landing centres. In this direction, Department Karnataka
of Fisheries has taken up construction and
Type Area/Length
H[SDQVLRQRIPDMRUÀVKLQJKDUERXUVDQGODQGLQJ
Department Tanks 1.77 lakh ha
centres with assistance of Central Share. Besides
Grama Panchayat Tanks 1.21 lakh ha
WKLV GHVLOWLQJ SURJUDPPH LQ ÀVKLQJ KDUERXUV
Reservoir 2.72 lakh ha
is also being implemented. During 2016-17 the
PDULQH H[SRUWV LQFOXGLQJ ÀVKPHDO DQG ÀVK RLO Rivers 5813 km
exports from Karnataka was 1.26 lakh metric Canals 3187 km
tons worth Rs.1,589 crores and the production of Brackish water areas 0.08 lakh ha
WKHPDULQHÀVKIRUWKH\HDULVODNKV Production Potential 4.02 lakh MT
Metric tonnes. 327
Source : Economic survey of Karnataka 2018-19.
Production: 7KH WRWDO ÀVK SURGXFWLRQ LQ Fish Sanctuaries in Karnataka
Karnataka was around two lakh tonnes in the 5LYHUVWUHWFKHVDUHGHFODUHGDVÀVKVDQFWXDULHV
early eighties and reached a peak of over 5.46 lakh due to conservation of endangered and rare native
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
WRQQHV LQ 7KH 6WDWH·V ÀVK SURGXFWLRQ ÀVKVSHFLHV%HFDXVHRIWKHLUXQLTXHDQGGHOLFDWH
DFFRXQWV IRU DERXW RI ,QGLD·V WRWDO ÀVK HFRV\VWHPDQ\W\SHRIÀVKLQJLVEDQQHGLQWKHVH
SURGXFWLRQ 7KH FXUUHQW OHYHO RI SHUFDSLWD ÀVK declared river stretches. These rivers stretch help
availability in the State is 6.8 kg. Karnataka ranks LQ GHYHORSLQJ QDWXUDO EUHHGLQJ RI ÀVK VSHFLHV
WKSRVLWLRQLQWKHPDULQHÀVKSURGXFWLRQDQG WK 'HWDLOVRIÀVKVDQFWXDULHVLVJLYHQLQWDEOH
SRVLWLRQ LQ WKH LQODQG ÀVK SURGXFWLRQ LQ ,QGLD
Table 4.29: Fish Sanctuaries in Karnataka
'HWDLOVRIÀVKSURGXFWLRQLVJLYHQLQWDEOH
Length of
Sl.
Table 4.26: Details of Fish Production in No
Place/Taluk/District River protected
.DUQDWDND 07V area
“Vahini Puskarani” (Ramanathapur)
Year Marine Inland Total 1
Arakalgud, Hassan
Cauvery -
2008-09 2,18,137 1,43,717 3,61,854 Ranganathittu, S.R.Patna,
2 Cauvery 5km
Mandya
2009-10 2,48,728 1,59,324 4,08,052
3 Muttathi area Malavalli, Mandya Cauvery -
2010-11 3,40,571 1,86,008 5,26,579
4 Shishila, Belthangadi, D.Kannada Kumaradhara 500m
2011-12 3,47,383 1,99,053 5,46,437
$EKLUDPD¿VKVDQFWXDU\ +DULKDUDSXUD
2012-13 1,30,210 1,25,000 2,55,210 5
Koppa, Chikkamagalur Tunga -
2014-15 3,89,822 2,23,419 6,13,241 Dharmasthala, Belthangadi,
6 Nethravathi 1km
2015-16 4,11,762 1,68,828 5,80,590 D.Kannada
2016-17 3,99,000 1,58,000 5,57,000 7 Kelkaru, Belthangadi, D.Kannada Palguni -
2017-18 4,14,348 1,88,174 6,02,522 8 Marakatha, Sulya, D.Kannada
Yenekkal
(Kumaradhara) -
2018-19* 2,31,696 99,479 3,31,175
9 Seethanadi, Karkala, Udupi Seethanadi -
Source: Economic survey of Karnataka 2013-14 and 2018-19.
10 Nakurgaya, Puttur, D.Kannada Nethravathi -
7DEOH )LVKLQJÁHHWRSHUDWLQJLQ.DUQDWDND 11 Nisargadhama, Kushalnagara, Kodagu Cauvery -
Mechanized Motorised Traditional
Total 12 Uppukala, Sulya, D.Kannada Kallaje -
boats boats boats
Yenekkal
4,434 8,434 8,997 21,865 13 Bachanayakanagudi, Sulya, D.Kannada
(Kumaradhara) 2.0Km
Source: Economic survey of Karnataka 2018-19
14 Thodikana, Sulya, D.Kannada Chandragiri 500m
Inland Fisheries 15 Thingale, Karkala, Udupi Seethanadi 500m
Immense scope exists for development of inland 16 Sringeri, Chikmagaluru Tunga 1km
ÀVKHULHV ZLWK WKH DYDLODEOH YDVW LQODQG ÀVKHULHV
Jammatagi (Hariharapura),
resources in Karnataka as shown in Table 4.27. 17
Koppa, Chikmagalur
Tunga 500m
7KH ÀVK VHHG SURGXFWLRQ GHWDLO RI WKH VWDWH LV 18 Chippalagudda, Thirthahalli, Shivamogaa Tunga 500m
providedin Table 4.28. 19
Mattur-Hosahalli,
Tunga 1.5Km
Shivamogaa Taluk & Dist.
Table 4.28: Fish Seed Production (in lakh fry Shivanasamudra, Malavalli,
20 Shimsha 1.4Km
Mandya
Year Target Achievement Bhagavathi Chaya Kolla,
21 -
Surpura Taluk, Kalaburagi Krishna
2013-14 6,800.00 4,966.22
Harangi Damto, Kudligi Dyavakere,
22 Kauveri 5.8 Km
Somwarpet Taluk, Kodagu District
2014-15 6,750.00 5,299.67
Source : Economic survey of Karnataka 2018-19
2015-16 6,800.00 5,915.20
Labour Employed in Fisheries Sector
2016-17 7,080.00 4,999.00 Fisheries sector has been faring high in
terms of its foreign exchange, earning potential
2017-18 7,080.00 4,962.28
and employability of vast majority of coastal
2018-19* 6,159.00 6,030.70 FRPPXQLW\ LQ ÀVKHULHV VHFWRUV DVVRFLDWHG ZLWK
ÀVKLQJ ,PSURYHPHQWV LQ WHFKQRORJ\ KDV OHG WR
*Upto November 2018
328 unbridled capital investment in this sector and
Source: Economic survey of Karnataka 2018-19
has attracted more and more people from the
adjacent coastal transects who do not necessarily sponsored scheme and other schemes major
EHORQJWRWKHÀVKLQJFRPPXQLW\6HDIRRGH[SRUWV ÀVKLQJKDUERXUVDQGVPDOOODQGLQJFHQWUHVKDYH
from Karnataka is exploring new heights with been constructed and after construction due to
increasing opportunities for value addition lack of periodic dredging and other natural reasons
and branding of products. Further, over the some of these harbours and landing centres have
\HDUV WKHUH LV LQFUHDVH LQ WKH FRDVWDO ÀVKHU IRON severe problem of siltation. To solve the problem
population inducing more and more people into of siltation, dredging of harbours has been taken
ÀVKLQJ DQG DOOLHG DFWLYLWLHV (PSOR\PHQW VWDWXV up. The dredging works are under progress at
DQG RSSRUWXQLWLHV LQ PDULQH ÀVKHULHV VHFWRU RI Kandathapalli in Mangalore at a cost of Rs.453.40
Karnataka has increased over the years along with lakh, Kodi bengre, Hangarkatte and Bhatkal at
mechanization and increased replacement of a cost of Rs.486 lakhs, Malpe Udyavara at an
ODERXULQWHQVLYHÀVKLQJWHFKQRORJLHV)LVKEHLQJ estimated cost of Rs.550 lakhs, Kodikanyana
a highly perishable product, needs the services at Rs.646 lakhs, Malpe basin at Rs.225 lakhs,
of several people for its fast movement from Belikeri at Rs.300 lakhs. During the year 2017-
harvesting point to consuming centres without 18 an allocation of Rs.400 lakhs was made under
GHWHULRUDWLRQLQLWVTXDOLW\7KHVL]HRIÀVKHUIRON this scheme. The expenditure in curred under
in Karnataka population in the State is given in this schemeis Rs.224.35 lakh. During the year
Table 4.30.
2018-19, budget provision of Rs.1 lakh has been
Table 4.30: Fisher folk in Karnataka allocated. No expenditure is incurred upto the
(Rs.in lakh) end of the November 2018.
Number of No. of Active 3) Rashtriya Krishi Vikasa Yojana: Along with
Sector
Àshermen Fishermen
DERYH SURJUDPPHV 8SJUDGDWLRQ RI ÀVK IDUPV
Marine 3.28 1.57
DQGDVVLVWDQFHIRUÀVKHU\UHTXLVLWHV ÀEHUJODVV
Inland 6.33 1.39
coracle programmes have been taken up at Rs.61
Total 9.61 2.96
lakh for the year 2018-19. Under this programme,
Source : Economic survey of Karnataka 2018-19
ÀVKHUPDQZLOOEHGLVWULEXWLQJNLWVE\JLYLQJ
ALLIED ACTIVITIES
AGRICULTURE AND
Major programmes of the department Rs.100 assistance by the department.
A) Marine Fisheries 4) Maintenance of coastal link roads: The state
1) Construction RIÀVKLQJKDUERXUV(CSS) KDV NP ORQJ ÀVKHULHV OLQN URDGV
FRQQHFWLQJÀVKLQJKDUERXUVDQGODQGLQJFHQWUHV
Under this scheme, the construction and to National Highway and major processing centers
H[SDQVLRQ RI PDMRU ÀVKLQJ KDUERXUV DQG in the coastal area. Every year budgetary provision
landing centres will be taken up for the marine is provided for construction and maintenance of
infrastructure development in the State. Apart these roads. In the year 2017-18, an allocation
from this preference will begiven for new harbour of Rs.513 lakhs were provided and Rs.513 lakhs
and jetties for the moment of motorised boats.
were spent for development and maintenance
During 2018-19, Rs.1504.25 lakh was spent
of 123 link roads. Against the budget out lay of
IRU FRQVWUXFWLRQ RI ÀVKLQJ KDUERXUV DW 0DOSH
Rs.300 lakhs during 2018-19, expenditure of
Mangalore and Honnavar fishing harbours.
Rs.214.57 lakhs have been incurred for 17roads
Under the scheme development of 3rd stage
upto end of November 2018.
ÀVKLQJ KDUERXU DW 0DQJDOXUX DQG 0DOSH
GHYHORSPHQW RI ÀVKLQJ KDUERXU DW +RQQDYDU 5) NABARD assisted Rural Infrastructure
and construction of breakwater works at Development Fund (RIDF) scheme: In the budget
Gangolli were taken up. During the year 2018- of 2017-18, an allocation of Rs.645 lakh was
19 budget provision of Rs.1504.25 lakh has provided. An additional allocation of Rs.331.58
been provided. Rs.1504.25 lakh expenditure lakh was provided by re-appropriation. Thus
has been incurred during the current year as on the total allocation was Rs.976.58 lakh and an
November 2018. amount of Rs.971.74 lakh was spent. During the
'UHGJLQJ RI ÀVKLQJ KDUERXUV DQG landing year 2018-19, Rs.1,653 lakhs NABARD assistance
centers (CSS).: In the State, under centrally has been provided and as on November 2018,
329
Rs.480.25 lakhs have been spent.
6) Development and maintenance of Àshing the year 2018-19 an amount of Rs.10 lakh
harbour and landing centers: Allocation hasbeen budget has been provided and Rs.6.40 lakh
made for the maintenance, cleaning, electricity, H[SHQGLWXUHZHUHLQFXUUHGRQEHQHÀFLDULHVDV
KARNATAKA
on November 2018.
HAND BOOK OF
GULQNLQJ ZDWHU VXSSO\ DQG UHSDLUV RI ÀVKLQJ
KDUERXUV DQG ÀVK ODQGLQJ FHQWUHV RI WKH 6WDWH
6XSSO\ RI ÀVKHU\ UHTXLVLWH kits.: Under the
During 2017-18, an expenditure of Rs.211 lakh
VFKHPH ´6XSSO\ RI ÀVKHU\ UHTXLVLWH NLWVµ DQG
was incurredas against the allocation of Rs.221.26
other supplementary materials required to catch
lakh. Underthis scheme allocation of Rs.232
ÀVKLVSURYLGHGWRPDULQHDQGLQODQGÀVKIDUPHUV
lakh has been provided during 2018-19 and an
at 100% subsidy (Unit cost maximum Rs.10,000
expenditure of Rs.129.56 lakh has been spent up
for kit). During the year 2017-18, an amount of
to end of November 2018.
Rs.100 lakh was provided and out of this Rs.99.54
7) Subsidy on the electricity used by Iceplants: ODNK KDV EHHQ VSHQW WR SURYLGH EHQHÀW WR
The subsidy on electricity used by Ice plants EHQHÀFLDULHV )RU WKH LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ RI WKH
has been increased to Rs.1.75per unit from scheme Rs.300 lakh budget has been provided for
the existing Rs.1.50 per unit and the ceiling to the year 2018-19, Rs.8.90 lakh has been spent up
Rs.3.50lakh from the existing 3 lakh per plant to end of November 2018.
per year. An allocation of Rs.625 lakhs was made
3) Distribution of Fibre glass coracle for inland
during 2017-18. Subsidy of Rs.623.36 lakhs
Àshermen: The programme of distribution of
was released to190 Ice plants. During 2018-19
ÀEUH JODVV FRUDFOH ZDV IRUPXODWHG NHHSLQJ LQ
an allocation of Rs.400 lakhs has been provided
PLQG WKH VDIHW\ RI LQODQG ÀVKHUPHQ 7KHVH ÀEUH
and expenditure of Rs.260.62 lakhs has been
glass coracles are not only durable but also very
incurred and distributed to 112 plants up to end VWURQJ DQG LW DOVR KHOSV WKH ÀVKHUPHQ WR ÀVK LQ
of November 2018. deeper waters and also ensure the safety to the life
B. Inland Fisheres RIÀVKHUPHQ'XULQJÀVKHUPHQZHUH
provided with this facility by spending Rs.49.08
'XULQJ WKH WRWDO ÀVK VHHG SURGXFHG
lakh out of budget Rs.50 lakhs. The cost of each
IURP GLIIHUHQW ÀVK VHHG SURGXFWLRQ FHQWUHV RI
unit was Rs.10,000.An amount of Rs.40 lakhs has
department and private centres was 4962.25 lakh
been provided for the year 2018-19 and Rs.2.30
IU\ÀQJHUOLQJV'XULQJWKH\HDU
lakh has been spent up to end of November 2018.
ODNKV ÀVK ÀQJHUOLQJV ZHUH VWRFNHG LQ
GHSDUWPHQW WDQNV ODNK ÀVK ÀQJHUOLQJV 4) Assistance for In land fisheries development:
were stocked in 1796 Gram Panchayat tanks During 2017-18, an allocation of Rs.1239 lakh
and developed during the year 2018-19, 2759 was made. Under “Matsya Krishi Asha Kirana”
departmental tanks and 1585 Gram Panchayat scheme there was a budget cut of Rs.100 lakh
tanks have developed by stocking 1577.83 lakh and Rs.104.85 lakh was re-appropriated to
DQG ODNK ÀVK ÀQJHU OLQJ DQG ODNK other schemes. However, for payment of salary to
07 RI ÀVK IURP LQ ODQG UHVRXUFHV KDV EHHQ RXWVRXUFH SHUVRQQHO DQG IRU GHYHORSPHQW RI ÀVK
produced upto November 2018. seed farms Rs.551.84 lakh was provided by re-
appropriation. The revised budget was Rs.1585.99
Various Programmes under in land Àsheries:1)
lakh and the expenditure under the scheme was
6XEVLG\ IRU SXUFKDVH RI ÀVK Veed: Under the
Rs.1521.97 lakh. A budget allocation of Rs.766
VFKHPH VXEVLG\ RQ FRVW RI ÀVK VHHG RU
lakh has been provided during 2018-19 for this
PD[LPXP RI 5VLV SURYLGHG WR ÀVK
purpose and Rs.343.99 lakh has been spent up to
IDUPHUV IRUSXUFKDVH RI ÀVK VHHG DW WKH UDWH RI
the end of November 2018.
50 lakhs spawn or 10 lakh fry per ha. Further
maximum subsidy of Rs.25,000/- is provided 6WRFNLQJRIÀVKVHHGLQreservoirs: There are
to each co-operative society under this scheme. 82 reservoirs in the State. The total waters pread
:LWKWKLVTXDOLW\ÀVKLVPDGHDYDLODEOHWRÀVK area is 2.72 lakhs hectare. There are thousands
farmers and besides this prevents purchase of RIÀVKHUPHQIDPLOLHVZKRGHSHQGVROHO\RQWKHVH
SRRUTXDOLW\ÀVKVHHGIURPRWKHUVWDWHV'XULQJ reservoirs for their livelihood. In the recent days
the year 2017-18, an allocation of Rs.30 lakh has WKHÀVKFDWFKLQWKHVHUHVHUYRLUVKDVUHGXFHGDQG
OLIHRIÀVKHUPHQKDVEHFRPHGLIÀFXOW7KHUHIRUHLQ
330 been provided under the scheme and Rs.29.98
ODNKKDVEHHQVSHQWIRU EHQHÀFLDULHV'XULQJ this scheme provision has been made to stock
JRRG TXDOLW\ Àsh seed. An allocation of Rs.100 D. Fishermen Welfare Schemes: 1) Group
lakhs has been made for under this scheme, Accident Insurance Scheme: Under this Centrally
reservoir development is being taken up in Sponsored Group Accident insurance Scheme,
VHOHFWHG UHVHUYRLUV DQG DGYDQFHG ÀQJHUOLQJV DUH WKHSUHPLXPDPRXQWRI5VSHUÀVKHUPDQ
stocked. During 2017-18, Rs.100 lakh has been shared equally by State and Central, has been
provided and additional amount of Rs.50 lakh paid to the National Federation of Fishers Co-
was provided. Rs.150 lakh has been spent.150 operative Ltd., (FISHCOFED) New Delhi towards
ODNK ÀQJHU OLQJV KDYH EHHQ VWRFNHG LQ VHOHFWHG LQVXUDQFHFRYHUDJHRIODNKÀVKHUPHQRIWKH
24 reservoirs. During the current year Rs.50 lakh State. During 2017-18, Rs.2.94 lakh has been
budget has been provided for implementation of paid to FISHCOFED, New Delhi towards premium
VFKHPHODNKÀVKVHHGKDYHEHHQVWRFNHG$Q by the State Government. During 2017-18, Rs.20
amount of Rs.37.49 lakh has been spent up to lakh has been distributed as relief in 10 cases.
end of November 2018. An allocation of Rs.13 lakh is provided for this
purpose during 2018-19. Now, this scheme has
6. Cluster based development of Fisheries: An
been converged with Pradhan Mantri Suraksha
amount of Rs.20 lakh has been sanctioned for this
Bima Yojana and premium amount of Rs.12.28
purpose. Currently, the expenditure on November
lakh has been paid till November 2018.
2018 was Rs.10.51 lakh under the scheme.
2) Reimbursement of differential interest to
7. Reimbursement of sales tax on diesel used commercial banks: Provision has been made
E\ ÀVKLQJ boats: The project has been allocated to reimburse the difference of interest to the
Rs.13500 lakh in 2018-19 and an expenditure Commercial Banks and Regional Rural Banks
of Rs.7858.57 lakh has been incurred up to WKDW ZLOO SURYLGH ORDQV WR ÀVKHUPHQ #
November 2018. LQWHUHVW XS WR 5V IRU ÀVKHULHV DFWLYLWLHV
8. Research, Extension, Exhibition and An allocation of Rs.300 lakh was made during
Training: An amount of Rs.167 lakh has been the year 2017-18. But since there were lot of
sanctioned for 2018-19 and an expenditure of claims Rs.1,045.14 lakh additional allocation was
ALLIED ACTIVITIES
provided. Rs.1,345.14 lakh has been incurred to
AGRICULTURE AND
Rs.62.44 lakh has been incurred up to November
2018. FOHDU FODLPV RI ÀVKHUPHQ $Q DOORFDWLRQ
of Rs.500 lakhs has been provided during 2018-
C. Schemes for Preservation, Processing and- 19 and Rs.294.51 lakh expenditure has been
Development of Marketing Facilities: incurred up to end of November 2018.
1) Assistance for construction of Àsh market: A 3) Distress Relief Fund: Distress Relief Fund
VFKHPHWRDVVLVWÀVKHUPHQFRRSHUDWLYHVRFLHWLHV ZDV VWDUWHG WR SURYLGH UHOLHI WR ÀVKHUPHQ
for construction of Fish Collection and Marketing their dependents in case of death/permanent
Building of a minimum size of 500 sq feet, on their GLVDELOLW\ ZKLOH ÀVKLQJ )URP WKH 'LVWUHVV 5HOLHI
own site with water, electricity and other facilities Fund compensation of Rs.2,00,000 for death/
by providing 75% subsidy at an estimated unit permanent disability and Rs.100,000 in case of
cost of Rs.10 lakh has been sanctioned in 2017- SDUWLDO GLVDELOLW\ LV SURYLGHG WR ÀVKHUPHQWKHLU
18. Sanction has been accorded for construction dependents in case of death/accident while
of 24 handling and marketing centres through ÀVKLQJ 3URYLVLRQ RI 5VKDV EHHQ À[HG
Fishermen Co-operative Societies. An allocation as relief or loss/damage of boat/net and medical
of Rs.150 lakh was earmarked and Rs.81.71 lakh H[SHQVHV,QVRPHRIWKHFDVHVZKHUHWKHÀVKHUPHQ
was spent. A budget allocation of Rs.30 lakh was GLH GXULQJ ÀVKLQJ RU GXH WR QDWXUDO FDODPLW\ RU
made for construction of markets and Rs.27.52 accident in sea Rs.6 lakh is provided as relief to
lakh wasspent. This amount has been provided the dependents. During 2017-18, Rs.25 lakh was
for construction of market at Thekkatte, Kinnigoli given to the fund. 71cases have been settled.For
and Virajpet. In 2018-19, an allocation of Rs.150 these, Rs.142.84 lakh relief has been given. An
lakh has been provided and upto end of November allocation of Rs.1 lakh is provided for contribution
2018, Rs.112.43 lakh has been spent towards to wards the Relief fund in the year 2018-19 and
construction of 5 co-operative societies and 10 Rs.0.75 lakh has been spent upto the end of
331
ÀVKPDUNHts. November 2018.
4) Matsya Ashraya Yojane: Under this scheme developPHQW RI LQODQG ÀVKHULHV VXEVLG\ IRU
provision has been made to provide housing FRQVWUXFWLRQ RI ÀVK SRQGV LQ WKHLU RZQ ODQG LQ
IDFLOLW\ WR KRXVHOHVV ÀVKHUPHQ 5V ODNK water logged areas, assistance for supply of gras
KARNATAKA
VFDUSVHHGDVVLVWDQFHIRUGHYHORSPHQWRIÀVKHULHV
HAND BOOK OF
is being given as subsidy to general category
ÀVKHUPHQ XQGHU 0DWV\DVKUD\D VFKHPH WR in wells and ponds etc are being implemented in
construct the house. The subsidy given to district sector. During the year 2017-18 against
EHQHÀFLDULHV EHORQJLQJ WR 6FKHGXOHG FDVWH DQG an allocation of Rs. 461.95 lakh an expenditure
6FKHGXOHG WULEHLV 5V ODNK WR EHQHÀFLDULHV of Rs.441.38 lakh was incurred. In the year 2018-
OLYLQJLQUXUDODUHDVDQG5VODNKWREHQHÀFLDULHV 19, an allocation of Rs.575.30 lakh has been
living in urban areas. 3,000 houses have been made and Rs.173.67 lakh expenditure has been
distributed in 2017-18. In the year 2017-18, an incurred upto November 2018.
allocation of Rs.1,500 lakhs were made. This
3.Assistance to construction of Àsh markets
amount has been released to the Nodal Agency,
DQG ÀVK marketing (ZP sector): In order to help
Rajiv Gandhi Housing Corporation, Bengaluru.
ÀVKHU IRON WR VHOO DQG WUDQVSRUW KDUYHVWHG ÀVK
During 2018-19, an allocation of Rs.400 lakh has
in fresh and hygienic condition, assistance is
been earmarked and an expenditure of Rs.300
being provided for the purchase of a bicycle and
lakhs has been incurred up to end of November
insulated boxes with 50% subsidy, subject to a
2018.
maximum limit of Rs.2,000 and 25% subsidy
5) Unspent SCP-TSP amount as per the SCP– for purchase of 2 wheeler and ice box subject to
TSP Act 2013: Under this scheme an allocation maximum of Rs.10,000. For quick transportation
of Rs.1449 lakhs was made and Rs.1446.06 RI IUHVK ÀVK LQ K\JLHQLF FRQGLWLRQ IURP ÀVK
lakhs expenditure was incurred during 2017-18. ODQGLQJ FHQWUHV WR PDUNHWLQJ SODFHV ÀQDQFLDO
An allocation of Rs. eight lakh is provided during assistance is provided under “Matsya Vahini”.
2018-19 and Rs.3.80 lakh has been spent upto Under this scheme, 25% subsidy to a maximum of
the end of November 2018. Rs.30,000/- for the purchase of a 3 wheeler tempo
rickshaw and 25% subsidy subject to a maximum
6) Tribal area subplan: Under this scheme an of Rs.35000/-for the purchase of 4 wheeler will
allocation of Rs.87 lakh was made and Rs.86.57 be provided to a group of 3-4 persons. Apart from
lakh expenditure was incurred during 2017-18. this, under this scheme provision has been made
An allocation of Rs.103 lakh is provided during IRU ÀVKHUPHQ ZKR SRVVHVV QRQPRWRULVHG SDWKL
2018-19 and Rs. 35 lakh has been spent upto the GRQL ERDWVWRSXUFKDVHÀVKHU\UHTXLVLWHVIRUXQLW
end of November 2018. cost of Rs.10,000/- and avail subsidy of 50%
E. District Sector Programmes or maximum of Rs.5,000. During 2017-18, an
expenditure of Rs.142.48 lakh has been incurred
1.Construction and maintenance of ÀVKHULHV
against the budget provision of Rs.145.10 lakhs.
buildings and facilities: Budget provision has
During 2018-19, an allocation of Rs.157.50 lakh
been provided for construction and mainten ance has been provided and Rs.18.28 lakh expenditure
RI RIÀFH EXLOGLQJV UHSDLUDQG LPSURYHPHQWV WR is incurred upto end of November 2018.
ÀVKIDUPVDQGWDOXNOHYHOQXUVHULHVFRQVWUXFWLRQ
DQGPDLQWHQDQFHRIÀVKODQGLQJMHWWLHVDXFWLRQK 4. Exhibition and training: Under this scheme
allsin coastal districts and for operational costs allocation has been provided for preparation of
and purchase of equipments for the aquaria VXLWDEOH H[KLELWV RQ ÀVKHULHV DFWLYLWLHV DQG WR
at Karwar, Hassan, Belagavi, Kalaburagi, participate in exhibitions at State, District and
Dakshina Kannada, Bidar, Kolar, Kodagu and Taluk level. Also, there is provision to conduct one-
Vijayapura. During 2017-18, an allocation of Rs. GD\ZRUNVKRSWRLPSDUWWUDLQLQJWRLQWHUHVWHGÀVK
390.15 lakh was made under this scheme and an farmers on fish culture activities and to provide
expenditure of Rs.369.87 lakh was incurred.An information on departmental schemes. During the
allocation of Rs.418 lakh has been made in the year 2017-18, an allocation of Rs.79.80 lakh has
year 2018-19 and so far Rs.189.97 lakh has been been provided and Rs.77.17 lakh has been spent.
spent upto November 2018. An allocation of Rs.91.20 lakh has been made
during 2018-19 and an expenditure of Rs.47.27
2. Assistance for development of inland lakh has been incurred upto the end of November
332 ÀVKHULHV Under the scheme of assistance for
2018.
5. Blue Revolution- Integrated Development the country. The cultivable command area of the
and management of Fisheries: Central State is 1,40,598 sq.Km. The net sown area is
Government has introduced a flagship 1,07,000 sq. Km. The ultimate Irrigation Potential
programme called Blue Revolution-Integrated under Major and Medium Irrigation Projects has
GHYHORSPHQW DQG PDQDJHPHQW RI ÀVKHULHV WR been estimated as 40.66 Lakh Ha.
EULQJ DERXW D VLJQLÀFDQW JURZWK LQ WKH ÀVKHULHV Table 4.31: Source-wise Irrigation during
sector in the next 5 years. Under this scheme the 2016-17 (Area in lakh hectareV
following programmes have been included for the
Irrigated Area % share to
RYHUDOO GHYHORSPHQW RI WKH ÀVKHULHV VHFWRU DQG Source
Net Irrigated Area
Gross Net
VRFLRHFRQRPLFGHYHORSPHQWRIÀVKHUPHQ
Canals 10.10 9.13 29.41
IRRIGATION Tanks 1.25 1.16 3.74
The ancient rulers of Karnataka undertook Wells 3.81 3.26 10.50
construction of many tanks and paid maximum Tube/BoreWells 16.05 13.71 44.17
attention to irrigation. But in later period Other Sources 4.27 3.78 12.18
Vijayanagar rulers did put up a dam across the Total 35.48 31.04 100.00
Cauvery in 1347 near Talakadu, impounded Source: Economic survey of Karnataka 2018-19
the waters of Kumudvati rivulet to create Masur
Table 4.32: Irrigation Potential Created–
Magada (which is over 400 acres in area), dug many Cumulative area in lakh Ha.
canals from the Tungabhadra near the capital and
2018-19
tapped maximum quantity of water for irrigation 2014- 2015- 2016- 2017-
Source (Antici-
15 16 17 18
pated)
from rivers. We hear of a hydraulic Engineer
(Jalasutradhari) in one of their records. The Major and
Medium 27.85 28.68 28.86 28.97 29.43
Mysuru ruler Kanthirava Narasaraja Wodeyar’s Irrigation
Bangaradoddi Canal (17th century) drawn from Minor 0.10
the Cauvery is famous. Chikkadevaraya raised Irrigation
8.04 3.75 2.18 2.24
(End
Chunchanakatte dam, a brick work during the (Surface of Nov.
water) 2018)
ALLIED ACTIVITIES
same century.
AGRICULTURE AND
Total 35.89 32.43 31.04 31.21 29.53
Excavating tanks or their repair was held as Source: Economic survey of Karnataka 2018-19
a meritorious duty. So wide and systematic
The Water Resources Department has
was the tank network all over, that one of the
established four special purpose vehicles, namely,
Commissioners of Mysuru, Bowring says the
Krishna Bhagya Jala Nigama Limited (KBJNL),
following of it : “As the country is generally
Karnataka Neeravari Nigama Limited (KNNL),
undulating, and intersected by numerous valleys
Visvesvarayya Jala Nigama Limited (VJNL)
threaded by natural water courses, it occurred
and Cauvery Neeravari Nigam Limited (CNNL),
to the natives many centuries ago, to dam up
under the companies Act of 1956, to mobilize
the supply thus furnished, in order to irrigate
ÀQDQFLDO UHVRXUFHV IRU VSHHG\ FRPSOHWLRQ RI
WKHLUÀHOGVLQWKHGU\VHDVRQDQGLQWKLVZD\DV
major and medium irrigation projects within the
population increased additional land was brought
targeted period.
under the plough, a chain of such tanks was
formed, gradually increasing in size and capacity Krishna Bhagya Jala Nigam Limited: “Krishna
as the line was prolonged”. He further adds. “In Bhagya Jala Nigam Limited” was formed vide
many instances, advantage has been taken of the G.O. No. ID/25/WBM/95, dated: 06-05-1994,
gorges in hills to throw up colossal embankments, to expedite the works of Upper Krishna Project
which have with stood with fair success, the (UKP). This Nigam is functioning since 19th
ÁRRGVRIFHQWXULHVµ7KHDUUDQJHPHQWZDVDFKDLQ August 1994.
of tanks, in a single catchment’s area. Every
Karnataka Neeravari Nigam Limited (KNNL):
reservoir in the chain received surplus water from
“Karnataka Neeravari Nigam Limited” was formed
the one at the upper level, and thus there was no
vide G.O. No. ID: 201: KBN: 98, dated: 26-11-
wastage to point out.
1998, to expedite the works in Krishna Basin,
The geographical area of Karnataka is 1,91,791 except UKP. This Nigam is functioning since 9th
333
Sq. Km., accounting for 5.83% of the total area of December 1998.
Vishweshwaraiah Jala Neeravari Nigam Limited Upper Tunga, Bhima LIS and Karanja projects
(VJNL): “Vishweshwaraiah Jala Neeravari Nigam under AIBP. AIBP funding has been brought under
Limited” was formed vide G.O. No. WRD: 35: VBE: Pradhana Manthri Krishi Sinchai Yojana (PMKSY)
KARNATAKA
2016, Dated: 20.08.2016, to provide intergrated with Central & State share at 60:40 ratio vide
HAND BOOK OF
drinking water facilities to the drought prone Ministry of Finance, Department of Expenditure
areas of Chikkaballapura, Kolar, Bengaluru D.O letter dated 28.10.2015. Five projects of
rural, Chitradurga, Chikkamagaluru, Hassan, the State namely Upper Tunga, Srirameshwara
Davanagere and Tumakuru districts. This Nigam LIS, Modernisation of NLBC-ERM, Bhima LIS
is functioning since 01.01.2017. and Karanja project are included under AIBP
prioritised projects.
Cauvery Neeravari Nigam Limited (CNNL):
“Cauvery Neeravari Nigam Limited” was formed The Water Resources Department is one of
vide G.O. No. WRD: 32: KBN: 2003, dated: the major department in the Government of
12.05.2003, to expedite the works in Cauvery Karnataka headed by the Hon’ble Minister for
Basin. This Nigam is functioning since 3rd June Major and Medium Irrigation. The Department
2003. harnesses Surface Water for Irrigation and
Drinking Water Purposes. The Irrigation projects
Command Area Development Authority (CADA)
DUH FODVVLÀHG XQGHU WZR FDWHJRULHV DV LQGLFDWHG
Directorate: A s per the GO.No.WRd:39/
below depending upon the extent of culturable
CAM/2011, dated:17.11.2012, CADA directorate
command area (CCA).
has been established to co-ordinate among the
various cada’s and water users co-operative 1. Major Irrigation Projects: Those having CCA of
societies of the state and to reduce the gap 10,000 ha or more
between potential created and potential utilised. 2. Medium Irrigation Projects: Those having CCA
Advanced Centre for Integrated Water Resources between 2,000 ha to 10,000 ha
Management (ACIWRM): An Advanced Centre The Water Resources Department consists of
for Integrated Water Resources Management four major corporations-KBJNL, KNNL, CNNL and
(ACIWRM) has been established vide VJNL and they have been established in 1994,
G.O.No:WRD/64/MBI/2011, dated:07.02.2012 1998, 2003 and 2016 respectively. These four
to engage in policy analysis and research, develop corporations are unique establishment of the state
on update water sector knowledge base and of Karnataka as these are envisaged as Special
support the Water Resources Department (WRD) Purpose Vehicle for speedy implementation of
in introducing IWRM in Karnataka. irrigation projects and to enable the Government
Forest and land acquisition cell: A Forest and to borrow funds from external sources. In
land acquisition cell has been established in addition to these four corporations, there are
Wrd vide GO dated: 25.08.2014 to persue forest some projects which are being handled by Water
clearance proposals and land acquisition issues. Resources Department directly. The ultimate
The forest cell is headed by Chief Conservator of Irrigation Potential from all sources in the state
Forests (CCF). has been estimated as 61 lakh hectares, out of
which 39.43 Lakh hectares is under major and
$FFHOHUDWHG,UULJDWLRQ%HQHÀW3URJUDPPH $,%3 medium irrigation projects. Upto end of 31-03-
Fortheearly completion of some of the ongoing 2017, irrigation potential of 2873610 hectares
irrigation projects, which were lingering due to has been created. Major and Medium Irrigation
shortage of funds for many years, the Government Projects-39.43 Lakh.
of India launched the Accelerated Irrigation
EHQHÀWSURJUDPPHGXULQJ 6LQFHWKHQ Agriculture being the main occupation of the
Upper Krishna project (UKP) Stage-I, Phase-III, VWDWH ,UULJDWLRQ SODFH XWPRVW VLJQLÀFDQW SDUW LQ
Malaprabha, Hirehalla, Ghataprabha, Karanja, obtaining increased yields from the land. The
Upper Krishna project(UKP)Stage-II, Maskinala, development of Irrigation in the state was slow
Varahi, Bhima LIS, Guddadamallapura LIS and unsystematic during the pre-independence
Gandhorinala and Modernisation of NLBC-ERM era. However, there were some notable Irrigation
have received Central Loan Assistance. During works undertaken and completed during the pre-
334 independence, such as Krishnarajasagar (which
2017-18 Central Assistance has been received for
was the only major project completed prior to and land, to reduce the loss of irrigation water in
independence), Vijayanagar canals, Cauvery WKHFRQYH\DQFHV\VWHPWRLPSURYHLWVHIÀFLHQF\DW
anicut Channels, Gokak canal, Vanivilasa the farm level and to ensure equitable distribution
Sagar, Markonahalli and Anjanapura. Though of water. The objectives of the CADA, as envisaged
major projects like Tungabhadra, Bhadra and under section 10 of the Karnataka Command
Ghataprabha stage-I were commenced prior Areas Development (K.C.A.D.) Act 1980, are listed
to the plan period, their progress was slow and here: To formulate and implement schemes for
they got impetus only after their inclusion in the the Comprehensive Development of the Command
ÀUVWÀYH\HDUSODQ7KHUHZHUHPRUHWKDQ Area; To prevent land erosion and water logging;
tanks scattered over erstwhile Mysore state. But To improve soil fertility and regulation of cropping
in Bombay-Karnataka and Hyderabad-Karnataka SDWWHUQ 7RHQVXUHWKHHIÀFLHQWPDLQWHQDQFHRI
areas, the number of such minor irrigation works Field channels and Field Drains by the Farmers
are meager. within the Command Area; Localisation and de-
localisation of lands for various crops; Ensuring
Command Area Development Programme
supply of all inputs and services; Promotion and
Agriculture is the backbone of Indian Economy
setting up of rural growth centres for integrated
and it is the pillar of the Economic development.
development of the Command: Area Development
At the commencement of the Fifth Five Year
of marketing, processing and storage facilities
Plan (1974-80), in pursuance of the policy of
and adequate communication system; Arranging
the Government of India, the Command Area
for credit facilities to the farmers and artisans;
Development Programme was launched in
Organizing agricultural Co-operatives and
the State for integrated and comprehensive
Associations; Construction of Field channels and
development of the Command Areas of Major and
connected drains; To borrow and lend money
Medium Irrigation Projects. As per the objectives
necessary for the due is charge of its functions;
laid down by the National Commission on
Conjunctive use of surface and ground water;
Irrigation, 1971 and the National Commission on
To determine the payment of compensation as
Agriculture, 1976, the CADP ensures rapid and
provided in subsection [4] of section 12 of KCAD
ALLIED ACTIVITIES
optimum utilization of Irrigation Potential created
Act1980; To set up agricultural demonstrations
AGRICULTURE AND
under Major and Medium Irrigation Projects
farms and promote extension activities; and
thereby increasing the agriculture production as
To executesuch other acts, consistent with the
also reducing the gap between the potential area
provisions of this Act.
created and the actual area utilised.
The Six CADA’S established in Karnataka are:
2EMHFWLYHV Irrigation Management is a multi-
disciplinary activity involving major department • Malaprabha and Ghataprabha Projects,
like Irrigation, Agriculture, Cooperation and other Belgavi
organization engaged in training and research • Tungabhadra project, Munirabad
activities. Against this perspective, CADA was • Upper Krishna projects, Bheemarayanagudi
constituted in the year 1970 to work as a catalyst • Cauvery basin projects, Mysore
between the various organizations to reduce the • Bhadra project, Shivamogga
gap between irrigation potential created and
• Irrigation Project Zone, Kalaburagi.
utilized, to increase production per unit of water
Table 4.33 Brief Details of CADA
Sl. Year of Irrigation
Name of CADA with head quarters Districts Covered
No. Starting Projects
Malaprabha and Ghataprabha Projects,
1 1974 Malaprabha & Ghataprabha Belagavi, Dharwad, Bagalkot,Gadag
Belagavi
1974
2 Tungabhadra Project, Munirabad Tungabhadra, Hirehalla, Maskinala Bellary, Raichur & Koppal.
12.11.1979
Upper Krishna Projects, 1977
Upper Krishna Gulbarga, Vijayapura, Raichur & Bagalkot.
3 Bheemarayanagudi 11-12-1979
Kabini, Harangi, Hemavathy, KRS., Nugu,
Cauvery Basin 1974 Mysuru, Kodagu, Chamarajnagar, Hassan,
4 Taraka, Gundal, Votehole, Marconahally,
Projects, Mysuru 1.3.1974 Mandya, Tumakuru, Bengaluru (Rural)
Manchanabele, Kanva and Byramangala. 335
Bhadra Reservoir Shivamogga, Chikkamagaluru, Davangere.
5 1979 UTP, Tunga, Bhadra & Gondi
Project, Shivamogga Haveri
Irrigation Project Chandrampalli, Hattikuni, Soudhagar, Upper Kalaburagi, Bidar, Yadgir, Bagalkot and
6 2000
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
Zone, Kalaburagi Mullamari, Vijayapura
Source : Water Resource Department annual report 2017-18
Water Resources Development Organization Water Disputes arisen in petitions by collecting
(WRDO the required documents the background of the
The Water Resources Development Organisation award given by the earlier Krishna Water Disputes
was formed with effect from 1.1.1970, with Head (Bachaw at Tribunal), Krishna Water Disputes-II
quarters at Bengaluru, as per G.O.No. PWD: (Sri Brijesh Kumar) and Godavari Water Disputes
215:SCO: 69 dated16.1.1970., Investigation and Tribunal, Mahadayi Water Disputes and Minor
preparation of reports of all Major and Medium Irrigation and Paragodu Drinking Water supply
Irrigation projects. scheme in Pennar Basin. The Government has
appointed the legal team to represent the State
Vision and Mission of Water Resources in the matter of the Inter State Water Disputes,
'HYHORSPHQW 2UJDQLVDWLRQ This Organisation in the Supreme Court and Krishna and Mahadayi
is incharge of Planning and Investigation of all Tribunals, consisting of Advocate General, Senior
Major and Medium Irrigation Projects in the Counsel Sri.F.S.Nariman, Smt.Indira Jaisingh,
State and provides all the information to the Sri Ashok. B.Desai, Sri Shyam Divan and
Government to safeguard the interest of the Sri.S.S.Javali, Advocates Sri Mohan. V.Katarki,
State in respect of Inter State Water Disputes Sri S.C.Sharma, Sri.Brijesh Kalappa, Sri.Ranvir
like Cauvery, Krishna, Godavari and Mahadayi. Singh, Sri.V.N.Raghupathy, Sri.Gurudatta
This Organisation process the rainfall data, Ankolekar, Smt.Anitha Shenoy, Sri.M.B.Zirali,
ULYHUÁRZGDWDDQGRWKHUK\GURORJLFDOGDWDXVLQJ Sri.Nishant Patil and Sri.Kashi Vishveshwar.
technical methodology collected fromraing auge The Government has reconstituted the Krishna-
stations and other gaugestations along with Mahadayi Water Disputes Technical Committee
establishment of thes estations. This organisation to give technical advice to Govt and Legal team
prepares Catchment Area Maps indicating in the Krishna & Mahadayi other Inter State
LQÁXHQFLQJUDLQJDXJHVWDWLRQVGLJLWDOPDSVRIDOO Water Disputes matter under the Chairmanship
hydro meteorological stations of Karnataka State, of Sri D.N.Desai, Secretary (Retd), Public Works
Command Area Maps of completed, ongoing Department. The committee is giving necessary
and proposed irrigation projects coming under advice from time to time. In addition to this, Sri
Cauvery and Krishna river basin using the latest D.N.Desai as Principal Advisor to Krishna and
of twareviz., GIS, Remote sensing and Auto desk Mahadayi Water Disputes and Sri Sriramaiah
map. The work of monitoring and evaluation of (Retired Superintending Engineer) as Principal
existing and ongoing projects and safety aspects Technical Advisor for all water disputes,
of dams are monitored by this Organisation. In Sri.P.Ramkumar & Sri.R.N.Vijayakumar,
addition, the establishment matter of Irrigation Executive Engineers (Retd) and Sri S.Krishnan
zones regarding postings, transfer of staff and and Sri S.Lakshminarayan, Assistant Executive
regularisation of Daily Wages and Monthly Rated Engineer (Retd) appointed as Deputy Technical
Staff as per Supreme Court order is also attended Advisors to Mahadayi Water Dispute by the
to by this Organisation. This organisation is Government and they are given the Technical
in charge of service and pension matters of Assistance.
establishment / technical staff of the department,
working policy matters of the organization and II.Cauvery Unit: The Cauvery unit of Water
matters related to Right to Information Act-2005. Resources Development Organisation is working
on behalf of Karnataka for the adjudication of
Objectives of Inter State Water WRDO Inter-State Waters disputes among their parian
I.Krishna -Godavari Unit: The Krishna-Godavari States of Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala and
Unit is working on the preparation of suit/ Union Territory of Pondicherry in Cauvery River
statistical information, analyzing them in the Basin. The Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal
336 light of claiming the right of the State in obtaining was set up by the Ministry of Water Resources,
the share of water by resolving the Inter State *RYHUQPHQW RI ,QGLD YLGH LWV 1RWLÀFDWLRQ GDWHG
02.06.1990 with Head Quarters at New Delhi Andhra Pradesh 800tmc +11tmc = 811tmc
for adjudication of the Cauvery Water Disputes. Total: 2060tmc +70tmc = 2130tmc
To safe guard the interests of Karnataka and
to substantiate the stand of the Government (The Government has reconstituted the Master
before the Supreme Court/Cauvery water Plan Committee, to modify the scheme wise
Disputes Tribunal, a team of Advocates headed allocation made by the Master Plan Committee
by Sri.F.S.Nariman, Senior Advocate along with in 2002, constituted to formulate schemes for
Advocate General of Karnataka was appointed effective utilization of Karnataka’s share of
by the State Government of Karnataka and their water).
services are being utilised. In order to provide
&RQVLGHULQJWKH&RPSODLQWVÀOHGE\WKHEDVLQ
technical support in all respects to the Legal Team
States, for constituting a Water Dispute Tribunal
IRU SUHSDUDWLRQ RI FDVH ÀOLQJ RI SOHDGLQJV ,QWHU
in the matter of sharing of surplus water available
locutory Applications, Special Leave Petitions,
in Krishna River Basin, the Central Government
Original Suits and assistance during arguments
constituted the new Krishna Water Disputes
etc.,of Karnataka before the Cauvery Water
Tribunal under the Chairmanship of Sri Brijesh
Disputes Tribunal and the Supreme Court of
.XPDU5HWLUHG-XGJHRQ7KHRIÀFLDOV
,QGLD DQ RIÀFH ZDV HVWDEOLVKHG DQG QDPHG DV
of this unit are assisting the Legal Team to argue
Cauvery Water Cell at New Delhi in 1990 and is
now functioning in the premises of Karnataka effectively the right of the State by providing
Bhavan-III (Bheema), HUDCO Place, Andrews necessary information from time to time during
Ganj, New Delhi. preparation for arguments before the Hon’ble
Supreme Court and the Tribunal.
Technical assistance in Cauvery Water Disputes
matter is being obtained from one Principal In the report given by the Krishna Water Disputes
Technical advisor & three Deputy Technical Tribunal-II on 30.12.2010, fresh availability of
advisors. Principal Technical advisor and Deputy water has been estimated and has allocated 2293
Technical advisors discuss with the advocates TMC (at 65% dependability) and 2578 TMC (at
average) to the basin States. The Order given to
ALLIED ACTIVITIES
regarding the developments in Cauvery water
utilize 303 tmc by increasing the height of Almatti
AGRICULTURE AND
Disputes and the steps to be taken to protect the
interest of State by assisting in preparation of dam from the existing 519.6m to 524.256m is
replies to applications of other basin states and to an honour to the arguments of the State.
ÀOHWKHDSSOLFDWLRQRIWKH6WDWH*RYHUQPHQWEHIRUH The Krishna Water Decision Implementation
Supreme Court of India and Cauvery Tribunal. Board has to be set up by the Union Government
Further, the Cauvery Technical Committee for implementation of KWDT-II orders, and
constituted by Government in 1992 has been QRWLÀFDWLRQRIWKHVDLG7ULEXQDORUGHULVQRWGRQH
PRGLÀHG RYHU WKH WLPH 7KLV FRPPLWWHH KDV 7KH6WDWHRI$QGKUD3UDGHVKKDVÀOHGD6/3
advised the Government through decisions taken before the Hon’ble Supreme Court, challenging
after perusing the technical documents required and opposing several points contained in the report
for placing arguments before Supreme Court and of the Tribunal given on 30.12.2010. After hearing
Cauvery Tribunal. WKH DSSOLFDWLRQV ÀOHG E\ WKH 3DUW\ 6WDWHV VHHNLQJ
([SODQDWLRQ *XLGDQFH DQG &ODULÀFDWLRQV XQGHU
Krishna - Godavari Unit: Krishna Water Disputes: 6HF RIWKH ,6:'$FWRQWKHÀQDORUGHU
The Krishna Water Disputes Tribunal (Bachaw given by the Tribunal, the KWDT-II gave its
at Tribunal) constituted in April 1969 for IXUWKHUUHSRUWZLWKPRGLÀHGRUGHURQ
adjudication of the water disputes regarding the Without modifying the allocations made by
Inter-State River Krishna and the River Valley KWDT-I at 75% dependability (including return
WKHUH RI JDYH LWV ÀUVW UHSRUW LQ 'HFHPEHU ÁRZ WKHVWDWHZLVHDOORFDWLRQVPDGHE\.:'7,,
DQG IXUWKHU UHSRUW FRQWDLQLQJ WKH ÀQDO RUGHU LQ under different dependability are as follows:
May,1976. Bachawat Tribunal, made the en
bloc allocation to the 3 States under Scheme ‘A’ Maharashtra 585 tmc + 81 tmc = 666 tmc
(including regeneration) as under: Karnataka 734 tmc + 173 tmc = 907 tmc
Maharashtra 560tmc +25tmc = 585tmc Andhra Pradesh 811 tmc + 194 tmc = 1005 tmc
Karnataka 700tmc +34tmc = 734tmc Total 2130 tmc + 448 tmc =2578 tmc 337
The State of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka are the Party States. Sri Gurudath Ankolekar,
KDYHÀOHG6/3VLQWKH6XSUHPH&RXUWVHHNLQJOHJDO Advocate on Record has been instructed by the
FODULÀFDWLRQV RQ VHYHUDO SRLQWV FRQWDLQHG LQ WKH Government to participate in the proceedings
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
PRGLÀHGRUGHUDQGIXUWKHUUHSRUWRIWKH7ULEXQDO at the Tribunal representing on behalf of the
given on 29.11.2013. Under Andhra Pradesh Re- State and is reporting the proceedings from time
organisation Act, 2014, the erstwhile Andhra to time and there is no further information on the
Pradesh has been divided into Andhra Pradesh Tribunal proceedings to the State of Karnataka.
and Telangana States. The State of Telangana
KDVDOVRÀOHGWZR6/3VEHIRUHWKH+RQ·EOH6XSUHPH Godavari Water Disputes: The Godavari
Court opposing the order of the Krishna Water Water Disputes Tribunal (Bachawat Tribunal)
Dispute Tribunal given on 30.12.2010 and constituted in April 1969 for adjudication of
29.11.2013. the water dispute regarding Inter-State River
Godavari and the river valley thereof, gave its
7KH 6WDWH RI 7HODQJDQD KDV ÀOHG D ZULW SHWLWLRQ report on 27.11.1979 by incorporating the
before the Hon’ble Supreme Court requesting bipartite/tripartite agreements entered by
either to refer its complaint submitted to Central WKH 3DUW\ 6WDWHV DQG )XUWKHU ÀQDO 5HSRUW RQ
Government during July 2014 to KWDT-II or 7.7.1980. Only 4,400 sq.km of Manjra Sub-
issue “Writ of Mandamus” to Government of India basin of Godavari Basin lies in Karnataka. The
for formation of New Tribunal. The hearing of the State has a share of 22.37 tmc in Godavari basin.
said WP is listed with other SLP sand connected
matters and the matter is in progress in the court. $VSHUWKHDJUHHPHQWLQWKHÀQDORUGHURI
While replying to the writ petition of Telangana, the Tribunal, Karnataka can utilize 21.0 tmc
*RYHUQPHQW RI ,QGLD LQ LWV $IÀGDYLW KDV VWDWHG additional water in Krishna basin from the date of
that the KWDT-II would be the Competent approval by Central Government, for construction
Authority to share water between Andhra Pradesh of Polavaram project by Andhra Pradesh to divert
and Telangana without making any changes 80 tmc of Godavari waters to Krishna basin.
to the allocations already made to the States of Schemes have been formulated to utilize this
Karnataka and Maharashtra. water.
The term of the Krishna Water Disputes Tribunal- 7KH VWDWH RI 2ULVVD KDV ÀOHG DQ 2ULJLQDO
II has been extended for two years with effect from Suit (O.S.4/2007) before the Hon’ble Supreme
01.08.2014 to take action in accordance with the Court, praying for stay of clearance given by the
provisions of Sec.89 of the Andhra Pradesh Re- Government of India. As per the Godavari Water
RUJDQLVDWLRQ$FW7KH7ULEXQDOKDVÀQDOL]HG Disputes Tribunal Orders to ensure that the
9 preliminary issues about the validity of Sec.89. quantity of water available to Karnataka shall not
From April 2016 to September 2016 arguments of be disturbed by diversion of water from Pollavaram
all the parties and Union of India were concluded. Project to Krishna River. The State of Karnataka
Tribunal held its proceedings on 19.10.2016 and KDVÀHOGDQLPSOHDGPHQWDSSOLFDWLRQRQWKHOHJDO
pronounced an order on the nine preliminary advice. As per the orders of the Supreme Court.
issues framed on 07.01.2015 in the reference 7KH&KLHI6HFUHWDU\KDVÀOHGDQDIÀGDYLWEHIRUH
proceedings under Section 89 of Andhra Pradesh the Hon’ble Supreme Court stating that the State
Re-Organization Act, 2014.In the mean time, the of Karnataka is bound by the terms pertaining to
Central Government has appointed on 24.09.2015 Godavari Water Disputes.
Mr.Justice Rammohan Reddy, a sitting judge
of the High Court of Karnataka as a member of Mahadayi Water Disputes: Mahadayi river
Krishna Water Dispute Tribunal-II in place of Mr. originates in Khanapur taluk of Belagavi District
Justice D. K. Seth, who resigned on 23.05.2015. and joins Arabian Sea near Panjim in Goa. The
Mahadayi River has catchment area of 2032
As per the Orders of the KWDT-II on 19.10.2016, sq.km, out of which 375 Sq.km in Karnataka, 77
regarding (Clauses (a) and (b) of Section 89 of Act Sq.km in Maharashtra and 1580 sq.km in Goa.
No.6 of 2014) the Tribunal has to re-allocate the The C.W.C., Government of India, has estimated
waters allocated to the erstwhile Andhra Pradesh the yield available in the entire basin as 200
to the States of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh. tmc. As per the calculation of Water Resources
338
The States of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana only Development Organisation of Karnataka, the yield
of Mahadayi basin of the State is about 44.15 DQGRUGHUHGWRÀOHDIUHVKDSSOLFDWLRQEHIRUHWKH
tmc at 75% dependability. To provide drinking Tribunal. On 01.09.2016, Tribunal suggested
water requirements of twin cities of Hubballi and that party States may attempt an amicable
Dharwad and enroute villages and towns which settlement to the water disputes outside the
are facing acute scarcity of drinking water, the Tribunal. In this regard, the efforts are being
state has planned to divert 3.56 tmc of water from made by the State of Karnataka with the Central
Kalasa nala and 4 tmc from Bandura nala from the Government and Party States. On 19.01.2018
ZHVWÁRZLQJ0DKDGD\L5LYHUWRWKHHDVWÁRZLQJ WKH6WDWHRI*RDKDVÀOHGRQ,$EHIRUH
Malaprabha River, for which the Government the Tribunal and objected to the resumed
of Goa has been persistently opposing. Inter- of construction work of Kalasa-Nala in
state meetings held at the Chief Minister’s level, Mahadayi Basin by the State of Karnataka and
Minister’s level and at the Departmental Senior has requested that the construction works shall
2IÀFLDOV· OHYHO WR UHVROYH WKH LVVXH GLG QRW \LHOG QRWEHFRQWLQXHG7KH6WDWHRI.DUQDWDNDKDVÀOHG
any solution. On 30th April 2002, Government UHSO\ DIÀGDYLW 7KH 6WDWH RI *RD KDV ZLWKGUDZQ
of India gave in principle clearance to the Kalasa the I.A on 13.02.2018. The Cross-examination
Bhanduri Nala diversion scheme. Based on the of Expert witnesses of party states have been
FRPSOLDQWÀOHGE\*RDRQ EHIRUHWKH concluded before the MWDT. The arguments by
Government of India for constitution of Tribunal, the States of Karnataka, Goa and Mahashtra have
the Government of India kept “in abeyance” the been concluded during the proceedings held in
“in-principle clearance” on 19th September 2002. WKH PRQWK RI )HEUXDU\ 7KH ÀQDO RUGHU RI
2Q 7KH*RYHUQPHQWRI*RDÀOHG26 the Tribunal is expected to be pronounced before
No.4/2006 before the Supreme Court. August 2018.
The complaints for Constitution of Tribunal Pennar Water Disputes (O.S. 5/2003): Andhra
were submitted to MOWR on behalf of State Pradesh has raised an Inter State Water Dispute
of Karnataka on 26.06.2010 and on behalf of in the matter small minor Irrigation Projects
State of Maharashtra, on 13.10.2010. In lieu under North Pennar basin of Tumakuru and Kolar
ALLIED ACTIVITIES
of constitution of Mahadayi Water Disputes districts and Paragodu project drinking water
AGRICULTURE AND
Tribunal on 16.11.2010, the Hon’ble Supreme VXSSO\VFKHPH,WKDVÀOHG2ULJLQDO6XLW 261R
Court has dismissed the original suit(O.S– 5/2003) before the Hon’ble Supreme Court and the
4/2006). Proceedings of the Tribunal have arguments are under progress. In connection with
commenced from 06.09.2012. As per the order the above matter Andhra Pradesh has proposed
RIWKH7ULEXQDOSDUW\6WDWHVÀOHGWKHLUVWDWHPHQW two witnesses. The Cross examination of the
of Claims and amended statement of Claims/ Andhra Pradesh witness and Cross examination
Further Amended statement of Case. Based on of the three witness from Karnataka also have
WKH DPHQGHG 6WDWHPHQW RI &ODLPV&DVH ÀOHG E\ been completed in 2013. When the suit came for
the party States, the Tribunal gave its order hearing on 03.09.2013 it was instructed to club
RQDIWHUÀQDOL]LQJ,VVXHV the case along with Civil Appeal No.2453
LQFOXGLQJ ,VVXHV ZKLFK ZHUH ÀQDOLVHG E\ WKH ZKLFKZDVÀOHGEHIRUHWKH6XSUHPH&RXUWLQ
Tribunal on 21.08.2013. 2007 by the State of Karnataka challenging
the order given by Cauvery Water Disputes
The Interim Application-60/2015 & Amended
Tribunal under Sec.5(2) of the ISWD Act, 1956.
,QWHULP$SSOLFDWLRQÀOHGE\WKH6WDWHRI
Further, the Supreme Court in its order dated
Karnataka for seeking permission to lift/pump 7
07.02.2017 directed the Registry not to list the
TMC of water annually from Mahadayi basin to
O.S.5/2003 along with the Civil Appeal No.2453,
Malaprabha basin during the months of monsoon
2454, 2456/2007. On 16.02.2018, the Supreme
for meeting irrigation and drinking water
&RXUWKDVJLYHQÀQDORUGHUUHJDUGLQJ&LYLO$SSHDO
requirements etc., in the drought affected areas in
No.2453/2007 and remaining Civil Appeals are
Malaprabha basin was rejected by the Tribunal on
disposed. The information about the next date
several reasons. On 02.01.2017 Supreme Court
of listing on O.S-05/2003 has not been conveyed.
has dismissed the Special Leave Petition no 34352-
ÀOHGE\WKH6WDWHRI.DUQDWDND In 2005, Krishna Water Cell was established at
before the Hon’ble Supreme Court on 29.08.2016 New Delhi to facilitate smooth functioning of all 339
the above matters. The Engineers of K.G. Unit, ÀOHG 6SHFLDO /HDYH 3HWLWLRQ LQ WKH 6XSUHPH
Bangalore travel to New Delhi on deputation, stay Court which were later converted as Civil Appeal
there and work in Krishna Water Cell to provide No.2453/2007, 2454/2007 and 2456/2007
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
required documents/information during the respectively.
preparations by Advocates, Technical Advisors,
7KH6WDWHVRI7DPLO1DGXDQG.HUDODÀOHGVHYHUDO
([SHUWVDQG+LJKHU2IÀFHUV
Inter locutory Applications under Civil Appeals
The expenditure to be incurred towards the praying to direct Karnataka to restrain from
professional fee/sitting fee, providing hospitality, taking up new Irrigation and Power projects. On
boarding, lodging, transportation and other 15.01.2014 the Hon’ble Supreme Court ordered
facilities to the Panel of Senior Counsels, to list these applications along with hearing of
Advocates, Chairman and Members of the Technical Civil Appeals. Three Judge bench of the Hon’ble
Committee, Technical Advisors and Technical 6XSUHPH&RXUWWRRNXSWKHFDVHIRUÀQDOKHDULQJ
Experts, Technical Expert witnesses and also from 11.07.2017 to 20.09.2017 and concluded.
the day-to-day expenditure for maintaining the Keeping in view the interest of the State,
Krishna Water Cell is being met by this unit. The Karnataka in addition to questioning the
main objective of the Inter State Water Dispute allocation made by the Cauvery Tribunal
Unit is to secure the legitimate share of water to based on the old agreements argued that
the State of Karnataka in the Inter State rivers i.e. water allocation must be made based on the
from Krishna, Godavari, Mahadayi, Pennar and situation prevailing. Tamilnadu and Kerala States
other basins from Tribunal. also put for their arguments. The Court reserved its
judgement in view of the conclusion of arguments
Cauvery Unit
on 20.09.2017.
Activities: Cauvery unit under WRDO mainly
renders technical assistance and other materials On 16.02.2018, the Hon’ble Supreme Court
required in connection with the disputes to the has pronounced its Judgment. Considering the
Advocates engaged by the State to appear on necessity of drinking water to Bengaluru City
its behalf before the Cauvery water Disputes and the drought situation of the State, the court
Tribunal and Supreme Court in respect of Cauvery has allocated 14.75 tmc, additional water to
Water Disputes.Provides necessary information Karnataka. By this, the state can utilize 284.75
to the Government regarding water dispute for tmc in Cauvery Basin and the quantity of water to
corresponding with the Central Government and be ensured at Biligundlu inter State Border has
other State Governments. Conducting Cauvery reduced from 192 tmc to 177.25 tmc.
Technical Committee meeting, assisting by
Original Suit 2013: The State of Tamilnadu,
providing notes and supporting documents for
RQ KDV ÀOHG 26 FODLPLQJ
Government level all party meeting and related
compensation of Rs. 2479.70Crore for crop
meetings and also by preparing information/
loss due to alleged non-release of water by
details to the Government for meetings convened
Karnataka as per the interim order during the
by the Central Government like Supervisory
\HDU .DUQDWDND KDV ÀOHG ZULWWHQ
Committee, National Water Development Agency
VXEPLVVLRQVWR26ÀOHGE\7DPLO1DGX
etc. Furnishing of opinion to the Government on
To this, On 07.09.2016, the Govt., issued an
reactions of public in respect of Cauvery Water
order constituting an Experts Committee under
Disputes work.Collection and analysis of data in
the Chairmanship of Sri. S. V. Ranganath, Chief
respect of Cauvery Basin Reservoir levels, storages,
Secretary (Retd.) to study and analyze the suit
LQÁRZ RXWÁRZ ZLWKGUDZDOV HWF IXUQLVKLQJ
and to prepare a report regarding the same
information to States and Central Government.
and to render required assistance to legal team.
Making arrangements for conferences conducted
The Committee has held several meetings and is
by Senior Advocates and other Advocates at
working to assist the Legal team. Government of
Bangalore & New Delhi.
Karnataka has appointed (1) Sri Gurupadaswamy,
Civil Appeals before the Supreme Court: Secretary (Rtd.,) WRD and (2) Sri V.S.Prakash,
$JJULHYHGE\WKHÀQDORUGHUGDWHGDQG Director (Rtd.,), KSNDMC as witnesses in the
decision of the Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal, present suit. Sri.S.Asokan, Sri.S.P.Ramanathan
340
the State of Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu DQG6UL6XEKDVK&KDQGUD%RVHÀOHGWKHDIÀGDYLW
as witnesses on behalf of Tamilnadu. The cross affected area of Karnataka. This committee has
examination of Sri.S.Asokan is completed and FRQGXFWHG ÀYH PHHWLQJV DQG KDV VXEPLWWHG LWV
the cross examination of other witnesses is recommendations to government on 30-11-2013
under progress. seeking for approval. Due to the demise of Sri G. S.
Paramashivaiah on 11-03-2014, directions from
Cauvery Supervisory Committee: As per
the government regarding further proceedings of
the order of Hon’ble Supreme Court order
the Expert Committee is sought for and the matter
dated:10.05.2013, the Central Government
is being scrutinised at government level.
constituted the Cauvery Supervisory Committee
RQ WR UHYLHZ WKH ÁRZ VLWXDWLRQ LQ Expert Committee to assess the carrying
Cauvery. The Cauvery Supervisory Committee so capacity of Western Ghats: An Expert Committee
far has held 8 meetings. In the 8th meeting held on has been constituted under the Chairmanship of
17.02.2017 the opinion of the states was sought Additional Director General, Forests, MOEF&CC,
regarding constitution of “the group of experts” to 1HZ 'HOKL YLGH 2IÀFH 0HPRUDQGXP GW
manage the Cauvery Basin. As the Civil Appeals 16 and this Expert Committee has been re-
ZHUH XQGHU ÀQDO KHDULQJ WKH 6WDWH *RYHUQPHQW constituted under the Chairmanship of Director
of Karnataka has refused for constitution of “the General, Indian Council of Forestry Research
group of experts”. DQG(GXFDWLRQ02() &&'HKUDGXQYLGH2IÀFH
Memorandum dt: 14-08-17 to assess the
In its judgment of 16.02.2018 the Supreme
carrying capacity of the Western Ghats and
Court at para 404 (XX), page no.463-464 has
VXEPLW D GUDIW UHSRUW ZLWKLQ PRQWKV DQG ÀQDO
stated as follows:
report within 5 months. The Expert Committee
“(xx) It is made clear that subject to the scheme has conducted two meetings till date. The time
to be formulated under Section 6A of the 1956 period of this Expert Committee has been
Act, in terms of the present adjudication, the H[WHQGHGWLOOWRVXEPLWWKHÀQDOreport
recommendations/directives of the Tribunal WRWKH0LQLVWU\YLGH2IÀFe Memorandum dt: 29-
with regard to the monthly releases and not 01-18.
ALLIED ACTIVITIES
inconsistent with anything decided herein, are
AGRICULTURE AND
hereby endorsed for the present for a period of 15 Expert Committee to submit a report regarding
ÀIWHHQ \HDUV KHQFH µ 7KH &HQWUDO *RYHUQPHQW Permanent Irrigation Project to draught
conducted a meeting on 09.03.2017 to obtain affected areas of Kolar and Chikkaballapur
the opinion of States to take action on the same. districts: An Expert Committee under
States have given their opinions. The Central the Chairmanship of Sri. A.K.Bajaj, Retd:
*RYHUQPHQWKDVÀOHGDQDSSOLFDWLRQVHHNLQJPRUH Chairman, CWC has been constituted
time to implement the order of the court and videG.O.No:WRD/1Vibyaee/2016,dt:09-06-16
7DPLOQDGXKDVÀOHGDFRQWHPSWSHWLWLRQDJDLQVW and WRD/71/ Vibyaee/2016, dt: 13-07-16 to
Central Government for not implementing the study and submit report on alternative sources
order of the court before the supreme court, and of water for providing permanent irrigation
they are to be taken up for hearing. facilities to draught affected areas of Kolar and
Chickballapur districts. The Expert Committee
Committee formed by Water Resources has conducted 4 meetings in total and has
Department: Experts Committee for the Project VXEPLWWHG LWV ÀQDO UHSRUW WR *RYHUQPHQW RQ
planned for diversion of West Flowing River: 08-17.
An Expert Committee is constituted under the
Chairmanship of Sri. G.S. Paramashivaiah, Schedule of Rates Committee: The Schedule of
Retd. Superintendent Engineer and Irrigation Rates Committee for preparing the Schedule of
Expert vide Government order No: WRD 54 Rates for the year 2018-19 was constituted by
VibyaE 2010(Part-4), Bengaluru, dt: 23-11-2012 Government vide GO No.WRD/146/KBN/2017,
to provide technical assistance and guidance Bengaluru Dated: 21-12-2017. The committee
for preparing the road map for implementation constitutes.The Managing Director, KBJNL,
DQGWRÀQDOLVHWKH'HWDLOHG3URMHFW5HSRUWIRUWKH Bengaluru as the Chairman of the committee and
project planned for diversion and utilisation of other members. So far the committee conducted
3RWHQWLDOÁRZVRIZHVWÁRZLQJ5LYHUVIRUGULQNLQJ three meetings on dated 04-01-2018, 17-02-2018
341
water and ground water recharge in drought DWWKH2IÀFHRI0DQDJLQJ'LUHFWRU
KBJNL, K.R. Circle, Bengaluru. The Schedule of HQFRXQWHUHG E\ WKH ÀHOG (QJLQHHUV LQ &LYLO
Rates for the year 2018-19 is being prepared. Engineering discipline. The Research Station has
solved many intricate problems posed by Public
Central Mechanical OrganizaWLRQ &02
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
Works Department, Water Resources Department,
Introduction: The zone of Central Mechanical
other Civil Engineering Departments and other
Organization, Bengaluru has been established
agencies.
during 1984 and is functioning at present
with the assistance of 3 divisions and 14 sub- The Director of the rank of Chief Engineer heads
divisions. The jurisdiction of the zone is state- the Research Station. He is assisted by the Joint
wide & will be rendering suitable advice regarding Director, who is also the Principal of Engineering
mechanical aspects. The head of this organization Staff College, which is a wing of K.E.R.S. The
is re-designated as Chief Engineer, Hydrology activities of the Research Station are grouped
and C.M.O., Bengaluru having its head quarters into 4 divisions as under. Hydraulics Division;
at Bengaluru vide G.O. No: WRD:149:WBE:2014, Technical Services Division; Soil Mechanics
dated: 13/06/2014. & Foundation Engineering Division; Coastal
Engineering Division; Hydraulics Division: Model
1. The main duties and functions of the
studies of various components of irrigation &
RUJDQL]DWLRQ DUH EULHÁ\ DV IROORZV L ,QVSHFWLRQ
power projects like spillway and energy dissipating
of sick machinery in the Public Works and Water
arrangements, assessment of carrying capacity of
Resource Department and scrutiny/sanction
canal system by backwater computation, gauging
of repair estimates. ii) Disposal of surplus and
of canals, calibration of current meters and
unserviceable machinery. iii) Rehabilitation
capacity evaluation of reservoir by conventional
of surplus vehicles / machinery. iv) Review of
hydrographic survey as well as remote sensing
HIÀFLHQF\ DQG SHUIRUPDQFH RI PDFKLQHU\ 7KH
techniques are the studies entrusted to this
Central Mechanical organization is striving hard
division.
to achieve the above objectives since its inception
and the report on the achievements during 2017- Technical Services Division: This division is
18 is as follows: entrusted with the work of conducting, non-
destructive tests on cement, concrete, mix design,
2. In order to ensure optimum utilization
tests on steel, sand and coarse aggregate etc.
of machinery, available in Public works and
Tests are conducted on water samples, cement,
Irrigation Department, the monthly returns of
mortar and concrete samples for chemical
machinery of divisions are being obtained and
analysis, collection of daily rainfall and hydro-
reviewed regularly for its various performance
meteorological data, maintenance of buildings
aspects such as: a) fuel usage b) oil usage c)
and quarters of KERS, maintenance of library
.PV 5XQ ZLWK UHIHUHQFH WR VWDQGDUGV À[HG
are other works entrusted to this division.
d) idleness surpluses and rehabilitation e) sick
YHKLFOHV HTXLSPHQWV LGHQWLÀFDWLRQ DQG LWV Soil Mechanics & Foundation Division: This
speedy repairs f) disposal of unserviceable division is involved in the investigation of
machinery are reviewed and follow up action foundation of earthen dams, suitability of soil
ensured until their disposal through Central for earthen embankments, computation of
Mechanical Organization. S.B.C., investigation of foundation of proposed
buildings, bridges and other water resources
Karnataka Engineering Research Station,
structures. Studies referred by Government
Krishnarajasagar
departments and other agencies for evaluation of
Objectives and organization structure: sub grade suitability, road construction materials,
Karnataka Engineering Research Station was investigation of causes for failure of roads etc.,
started during 1944 as a Small Research Unit. are studied and solutions are evolved. Further,
The Research Station, which forms a wing of WKHSURSHUWLHVRIURFNVDUHGHWHUPLQHGIRUÀQGLQJ
the State Water Resources Department, had their suitability for construction works.
a phenomenal growth and today it is one of the
oldest Research Organizations of its kind in the Coastal Engineering Division: The main
objectives of this division are to investigate the
342 country. The main objectives of the Research causes of coastal erosion along coast line of
6WDWLRQDUHWRÀQGVROXWLRQVWRYDULRXVSUREOHPV
KarnatakaFROOHFWLRQRIÀHOGGDWDDQGVXJJHVW :DWHUDQG/DQG0DQDJHPHQW,QVWLWXWH :$/0,
remedial measures to contain coastal erosion It is quite necessary to manage the water and
and conduct model studies if necessary. Also ODQG V\VWHPDWLFDOO\ DQG VFLHQWLÀFDOO\ LQ RUGHU
pre monsoon and post monsoon monitoring of to get the maximum income for the expenditure
sea walls and monthly monitoring of sea walls incurred by the Government for the construction
constructed by Port Authorities are being done by of irrigation projects. To achieve this objective,
this Division. Through the above Divisions, the ZDWHUPDQDJHPHQWHIÀFLHQF\LVWREHLQFUHDVHGE\
Research Station has been playing a key role in imparting training to the government staff engaged
VROYLQJ PDQ\ (QJLQHHULQJ SUREOHPV LQ WKH ÀHOG in water and land management and water users to
of hydraulics, concrete, building materials, soil, perform this task. Water And Land Management
rocks and problems connected with roads, sea Institute started its activities at Dharwad on
erosion etc. 12.05.1986. The WALMI institute was registered
on 16.6.1986 under Karnataka Societies
Dam Safety Cell-1 and Dam Safety Cell-2: Two Registration Act of 1960. The activities of WALMI
units viz Dam Safety Cell-1 and Dam Safety cell- are arranging trainings, imparting technical
2 are working in the Research Station under the assistance, giving advice to the Government
direct control of the Director, K.E.R.S. The Cells regarding the change of law, policy, institutional
are headed by Assistant Executive Engineers matters and rules, taking up demonstrations in
supported by technical staff who assist the collaboration with other allied institutions and
Director, KERS., in carrying out the functions as, publishing reports by taking up special studies.
Member of the National Committee on Dam Safety
Training: Training activities were arranged on
constituted by the Government of India, Member
subjects pertaining to participatory irrigation
Secretary of the State Level Dam Safety Committee
management (PIM), water management and
in Karnataka, constituted by the Government
development of land for irrigated agriculture.
of Karnataka and also in placing the issues
It was programmed to train 3000 persons from
connected with the “Technical Preparedness of
62 trainings during the current year. However,
ALLIED ACTIVITIES
the whole State on the Dam Safety bill 2010” during harvesting season the farmers did not opt
AGRICULTURE AND
EHIRUHWKH6/'6&DQGWRÀQDOL]HWKHVDPHEHIRUH for trainings and due to preoccupied programmes,
the enactment of the Act. UAS, Dharwad could not provide the class room
Engineering Staff College: The Engineering Staff and hostel facilities for WALMI training during
College conducts mainly three types of training December 2017, February 2018 and March 2018.
Courses. 1.Orientation Courses for newly appointed This resulted in shortfall in number of trainings.
Assistant Executive Engineers for a period of six However, the number of trainees has increased
weeks and for newly appointed Assistant/Junior to 3682 numbers recording an achievement of
122.73% during 2017-18. Institute has given
Engineers for a period of four weeks. 2. Short
necessary technical assistance and guidance for
WHUP UHIUHVKHU FRXUVHV RI ÀYH GD\V GXUDWLRQ RI
the implementation of PIM to Water Resources
both technical and administrative nature for the
Department (WRD), Nigams, CADAs and Water
in-service Engineers. On Special circumstances
Users Co- operative Societies(WUCs).
these courses will be extended up to ten days. 3.
6KRUWWHUPUHIUHVKHUFRXUVHVRIÀYHGD\VGXUDWLRQ Advanced Centre for Integrated Water
of administrative nature for the administrative 5HVRXUFHV0DQDJHPHQW $&,:50
staff. 4. Basic Computer Course for a period Karnataka Integrated and Sustainable
of 12 days for the in-service Engineers and Water Resources Management Investment
administrative Staff. Major regulatory functions: To Program-Project:1 (KISWRMIP) aided by Asian
oversee that all the working vehicles/equipments Development Bank as an Implementing agency for
of the department are put to optimum use sick RXWSXW,3UHSDUDWLRQRI6WDWH6SHFLÀF$FWLRQ3ODQ
vehicles/ equipments are repaired with minimum on Climate Change (SSAPCC) for Water Sector:
downtime,economically and for unserviceable ACIWRM under Water Resources department has
vehicles / equipments assist owning departments been selected as a nodal agency in Preparation
for the disposal expeditiously to the best advantage of Status report on present situation of water
of the Government. resources development and management, water 343
governance, Institutional arrangements, water remote sensing data, urban water supply, rural
related policies, cross-boundary issues and water supply, minor irrigation, water quality
agreements etc. of the Karnataka State. Atal Bhujal etc. KWRIS encompasses the hydrological,
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
Yojana (ABHY): ACIWRM under Water Resources meteorological, soil moisture, water quality, socio-
department has been selected as a nodal agency for economic, spatial data layer, satellite images as
National Ground water management improvement well as basic hydrological model output and water
program in Karnataka. It is a Central Sector balance in the state. This will be single window
Scheme (CSS) supported by Government of India source for water resource data and information
assisted by World Bank mainly for Preparation of LQWKHVWDWH'XULQJÀQDQFLDO\HDU$&,:50EXLOW
the Water Security Plans at Gram Panchayat level an application tested it successfully under the
with greater involvement of the local / community guidance of technical committee of experts headed
level in planning and implementation through by a Professor from I.I.Sc. and it would need
participatory planning process. support and time to engage with all departments
WR HQVXUH WKDW GDWD ÁRZV LQWR WKH ZDUHKRXVH
Karnataka Water Resources Information System
The software application is being hosted on
(KWRIS) : KWRIS provides access to a large
developmental server at ACIWRM and being used
amount of data related to water, agriculture,
and tested internally.
Table 4 . 3 4 Medium Irrigation Projects under the Control of Minor Irrigation
Cost in Rs. Atchkat
Name of the project District Year of
Lakhs LQKD
I South Zone
1 Gundamgere, Bengaluru (R) 1980 28 405
Doddaballapur Taluk
2 Kanva, Channapatna Taluk Bengaluru (R) 1946 35 2,076
2 Gayathri, Hiriyur Taluk Chitradurga 1963 40 2,005
4 Narayanapura Chitradurga 1961 34 1,924
Challakere Taluk
5 Sangenahalli, Jagalur Taluk Davanagere 1958 43 648
6 Ambligola, Shikaripur Taluk Shivamogga 1964 116 2,955
7 Anjanapur, Shikaripur Taluk Shivamogga 1936 21 6,736
8 Mangala, Kunigal Taluk Tumakuru 1970 60 850
9 Marconahalli, Kunigal Taluk Tumakuru 1940 35 4,560
10 Sonnaikanahalli Tumakuru 1957 21 405
Kunigal Taluk
B. North Zone
11 Areshankar Vijayapura 1957 22 1,255
Basavana Bagewadi Taluk
12 Kalaskop, Bagalkot Taluk Bagalkot 1960 25 1,143
13 Nagathana, Vijayapura Taluk Vijayapura 1961 15 650
14 Ramenahalli, Sindagi Taluk Vijayapura 1958 42 1,943
15 Chitwadgi, Kushtagi Taluk Koppal 1971 41 890
344 16 Dharma, Mundagod Taluk Uttara Kannada 1964 133 5,668
Table 4 . 3 5
DETAILS OF ON-GOING PROJECTS
%HQHÀWHG
Sl. Utilisation (In
Project Zone Year of Commencement area(In %HQHÀWHG7DOXN'LVWULFW
No. 70&
+HFW
I KRISHNA BAI N
A ON - GOING PROJECTS
MAJOR PROJECTS :
Vijayapura/Bagalkote/
Upper Krishna
1 KBJNL 1969 622200 173.00 Raichur/Kalaburagi/
Project Stage I&II
Koppal.
Bennithora Irrigation Projcts Zone 1973 20234 5.75 Kalaburagi
Shivamogga, Chitradu-
3 Bhadra Upper Tunga Project 1947 105570 61.70 rga, Chikkamagalur &
Ballari
4 Bhima Lift Irrigation Projcts Zone 1993 24282 5.50 Afzalpur/ Kalaburagi
5 Dudhganga Irrigation (North) 1992 15167 4.00 Chikkodi/Belagavi
Belagavi & Vijayapura
6 Ghataprabha – III Irrigation (North) 1972 *331000 *77.60 (*Indicates inclusive of I
&II stage)
Belagavi &
7 Hipparagi Irrigation (North) 1973 59690 12.56
Vijayapura
Belagavi, Bagalkot &
8 Malaprabha Irrigation (North) 1960 218191 44.00
Dharwad
Ballari & Raichur (*Indi-
cates inclusive of Figures
9 Tungabhadra Irrigation Central Zone 1945 *362795 *132.00
given in completed
projects)
Shivamogga,
10 Upper Tunga Upper Tunga Projcts 1991 94700 12.24
Davangere, Haveri
11 Markendeya Irrigation (North) 1998 19105 4.00 Belagavi
ALLIED ACTIVITIES
AGRICULTURE AND
12 Ramthala Lift Upper Krishna Projcts Dam - - - -
Mundargi/Huvinahadag-
13 Singatlur Irrigation Central Zone 1992 20241 7.64
ali/Koppal
MEDIUM PROJECTS
14 Amarja Irrigation Central Zone 1975 8903 1.92 Aland & Afzalpur/ Kalaburagi
15 Basapura lift Upper Tunga Projcts 1993 2276 0.60 Hangal/Haveri
16 F.C.to Ranikere Upper Tunga Projcts 1979 3238 0.91 Chalkere/Hiriyur
17 Gandhorinala Irrigation Projcts Zone 1993 8094 1.97 Kalaburagi
18 Hirehalla Irrigation Central Zone 1977 8330 2.27 Koppal/Raichur
19 Hodirayanhalla Upper Tunga Projcts 1987 1538 Tarikere/Chikmagalur
20 Lower Mullamari Irrigation Projcts Zone 1975 8100 1.74 Chincholi/ Kalaburagi
21 Maskinala Irrigation Central Zone 1976 3001 0.93 Lingsugur/Raichur
22 Itagi Sasalvad lift Upper Tunga Projcts 1994 2013 Shirahatti/Gadag
23 Upper Mullamari Irrigation Projcts Zone 1976 3279 1.24 Basavakalyana/Bidar
24 Harinala Irrigation (North) 1998 3480 0.64 Bailahongal/ Belagavi
C NEW PROJECTS
1 Bhima Flow
2 Kagna
II CAUVERY BASIN
A ONGOING PROJECTS
MAJOR PROJECTS
1 D.D.Urs Canal Irrigation (South) 1979 32376 10.50 Mysuru/Mandya
345
2 Harangi Irrigation (South) 1964 53591 16.541 Coorg/Hassan/Mysuru
Hassan/Mandya/Mysuru/Tu-
3 Hemavathy Gorur Dam Zone 1968 132479
makuru/Coorg
56.67*
Hemavathy Tumakuru/Mandya(*inclusive of
4 Hemavathy Canal 1968 157755
KARNATAKA
Tumkur water supply)
HAND BOOK OF
5 Kabini Irrigation (South) 1959 87900 65.00 Mysuru
K.R.S.Moderni-
6 Irrigation (South) 1979 2215 Mysuru/Mandya
sation
Hemavathy Reservoir Alur, Belur, Hassan,Holenarsipu-
7 Yagachi 1983 21450 5.74
Project ra/Hassan
MEDIUM PROJECTS
8 Arkavathy Irrigation (South) 1975 6232 3.14 Kanakapura
9 Chicklihole Irrigation (South) 1978 865 1.11 Somwarpet
Huchannakoplu Hemavathy Reservoir
10 1991 3360 0.56 Holenarsipura/Hassan
L.I.S Project
11 Iggalur Irrigation (South) 1979 4047 5.10 Channapatna, Maddur,Malavalli
Kamasamudra Hemavathy Reservoir
12 1985 3916 0.80 Holenasipura/Hassan
L.I.S Project
13 Manchanabele Irrigation (South) 1970 2433 Magadi & Ramanagar
14 Taraka Irrigation (South) 1970 7040 3.84 H.D.Kote
15 Uduthorehalla Irrigation (South) 1978 6597 1.23 Kollegal
Hemavathy Reservoir
16 Votehole 1977 7487 2.40 Alur,Belur/Hassan
Project
III GODAVARI BASIN
A ONGOING PROJECTS
MAJOR PROJECTS
Irrigation
1 Karanja 1970 35614 10.09 Bidar
Project Zone
MEDIUM PROJ-
ECTS
Irrigation
2 Chulkinala 1976 4047 1.17 Basavakalyan, Bhalki/bidar
Project Zone
B NEW PROJECTS
MEDIUM PROJECTS
1 Manjra Lift Irrigation Projects Zone
IV OTHER BASINS
A ONGOING PROJECTS
MAJOR
PROJECTS
1 Varahi Upper Thunga Project 1980 15702 16.51 Kundapura, Udupi
6RXUFH :5'2:HEVLWH
Table 4 . 3 6 Utilisation, Area Irrigated and Expenditure Under Completed
Major and Medium Projects
Sl. Year of Com- Utilisation in Irrigation. in Expr. In
Name of the Project 'LVWULFWV%HQHÀWWHG
No. pletion Tmc ha Lakhs
I 2 3 4 5 6 7
A MAJOR PROJECTS
1 KRISHNA BASIN
1 Ghataprabha 1 & II 1980 32.45 139383 7226 Belagavi,Vijayapura
2. Tunga Anicut 1956 11.50 8704 331 Shivamogga
Tungabhadra
3. 1986 22.50 37504 453 Ballari
R.B.L.L.C.
4. Vanivilas Sagar 1908 8.20 9190 45 Chitradurga
5. Vijayanagar Channels 1600 12.05 12210 NA Ballari Raichur
7RWDO, $ 86.70 206991 8055
346
II CAUVERY BASIN
1. Anicut Channels 1900 57.70 77172 NA Bengaluru, Hassan, Kodagu
2. Krishnaraja Sagar 1944 61.20 79312 693 Mandya, Mysuru
3. Nugu 1959 7.70 10526 315 Mysuru
7RWDO,, $ 126.60 167010 1008
Total A : 213.30 374001 9063
B MEDIUM PROJECTS
I KRISHNA BASIN
1 Ambligola 1964 1.40 2955 116 Shivamogga
2 Anjanapura 1936 2.50 6736 21 Shivamogga
3 Areshankar 1957 0.38 1255 22 Vijayapura
4 Bhadra Anicut 1923 3.10 4466 Na Chickmagalur
5 Chandrampalli 1972 1.90 5223 185 Kalaburagi
6 Chitwadgi 1971 0.26 891 41 Vijayapura, Raichur
7 Dharma 1964 2.20 5668 133 Dharwad, uttara Kannada
8 Gayatri 1963 0.45 2305 40 Chitradurga
9 Gokak Canal 1897 1.40 5757 NA Belagavi
10 Hagaribommanahalli 1978 2.00 2966 395 Ballari
11 Hathikoni 1973 0.50 2145 84 Kalaburagi
12 Jambadhalla 1968 0.70 1538 115 Chickmagalur
13 Kalaskop 1960 0.33 1143 20 Vijayapura
14 Kanakanala 1975 0.40 2064 100 Raichur
ALLIED ACTIVITIES
15 Kolchi Weir 1953 0.53 1275 43 Belagavi
AGRICULTURE AND
16 Nagathana 1961 0.08 650 15 Vijayapura
17 Narayanapur 1961 0.60 1624 34 Chitradurga
18 Narihalla 1979 0.90 1512 320 Ballari
19 Rajolibanda 1960 1.20 2380 52 Raichur
20 Ramanahalli 1958 0.44 1943 42 Vijayapura
21 Soudgar 1987 0.26 1417 557 Kalaburagi
7RWDO % , 21.53 55913 2335
II CAUVERY BASIN
1 Byramangala 1945 1.00 1619 NA Bengaluru
2 Chikkahole 1969 0.70 1650 424 Mysuru
3 Gundal 1980 1.40 4048 452 Mysuru
4 Hebbala (H.D.KOTE) 1972 0.40 1214 54 Mysuru
5 Kanwa 1946 1.20 2076 35 Bengaluru
6 Mangala 1970 0.60 850 60 Tumakuru
7 Marconahalli 1941 4.00 4560 35 Tumakuru
8 Nallur Amanikere 1987 0.30 1300 517 Mysuru
9 Suvarnavathy 1984 3.60 2833 381 Tumakuru
7RWDO % ,, 13.20 20150 1958
III. OTHER BASINS
347
1 Bachanki 1974 0.52 1776 37 Uttara Kannada
2 Teetha 1987 0.36 1214 373 Tumakuru
7RWDO % LLL 0.88 2990 410
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
7RWDO % LLL 35.61 79053 4703
7RWDO $% 248.91 453054 13766
6RXUFH :5'2:HEVLWH
Table 4 . 3 7 Trends in Irrigation in Karnataka Cumulative
Potential Created, (Lakh KHFWDUHV
End of Plan/year
Major and Medium Projects Minor 6XUIDFH Total
9,,3ODQ
1985-86 12.27 8.59 20.86
1986-87 12.75 8.65 21.40
1987-88 12.87 8.71 21.58
1988-89 12.97 8.82 21.79
1989-90 13.09 8.92 22.01
Annual Plan
1990-91 13.36 8.95 22.31
1991-92 13.80 9.00 22.80
VIII Plan
1992-93 14.25 9.06 23.31
1993-94 14.94 9.13 24.07
1994-95 15.28 9.18 24.46
1995-96 15.77 9.25 25.02
1996-97 16.13 9.30 25.43
IX Plan
1997-98 16.58 9.35 25.93
1998-99 16.93 9.38 26.31
1999-00 17.41 9.43 26.84
2000-01 18.12 9.51 27.63
2001-02 19.05 9.58 28.63
X Plan
2002-03 19.70 9.65 29.35
2003-04 20.38 9.71 30.09
2004-05 21.17 9.75 30.92
2005-06 21.97 9.82 31.79
2006-07 23.21 9.61 32.82
XI Plan
2007-08 23.64 9.96 33.33
2008-09 24.28 9.81 34.09
2009-10 24.56 9.87 34.43
2010-11 25.06 10.06 35.12
2011-12 25.56 10.28 35.84
348
XII Plan
2012-13 26.03 10.51 36.54
2013-14 26.97 10.89 37.86
2014-15 27.85 8.04 35.89
2015-16 28.68 3.75 32.43
2016-17 28.86 2.18 31.04
2017-18 28.97 2.24 31.21
$QWLFLSDWHG 29.43 0.10 29.53
Source : Economic survey of Karnataka 2018-19
7DEOH3XEOLF,QYHVWPHQWLQ,UULJDWLRQLQ.DUQDWDND 5VLQFURUHV
Major and Medium projects (BE/
Year Minor Irrigation works Total
5(
1998-99 1719.80 89.17 1808.97
1999-00 2027.27 107.92 2135.19
2000-01 2595.09 121.18 2716.27
2001-02 2547.17 103.16 2650.33
2002-03 2689.96 110.58 2800.54
2003-04 2308.08 129.88 2437.96
2004-05 3531.24 203.96 3735.20
2005-06 3579.39 194.19 3773.58
2006-07 3951.75 354.70 4306.45
2007-08 2058.41 353.11 2411.52
ALLIED ACTIVITIES
2008-09 2020.85 395.94 2416.79
AGRICULTURE AND
2009-10 2939.40 594.08 3533.48
2010-11 3470.17 823.85 4294.02
2011-12 4666.06 1100.38 5766.44
2012-13 6107.94 1027.10 7198.30
2013-14 8007.34 1025.43 9086.04
2014-15 10000.90 1297.96 9032.77
2015-16(RE) 9913.29 1249.31 11162.60
2016-17(BE) 12620.92 1526.67 14147.59
2017-18 15853.31 2098.72 17952.03
2018-19 15993.73 2136.81 18130.54
Source: Economic survey of Karnataka 2018-19
Table 4.39 Details of Progress achieved in the Projects in Krishna Basin (Otherthan Upper
Krishna3URMHFW
(Financial Rs.inlakhs, Potential in hectares)
Financial Potential
Anticipat-
Sl. Expect- Potential
Name of the Project Latest ed Poten-
No. Cum. Expt. ed Expt. Planned created
Estimated tial to be
Till 3/2018 During Potential upto
cost created in
2018-19 3/2018
2018-19
1 Bennithora 60,024 67055 2300.00 20234 19978 -
349
2 Bhima Lift 74,172 78090 3000.00 24292 24173 119
3 Dudhganga 30,980 23352 1800.00 15167 4800 -
4 Ghataprabha 241900 235429 6500.00 310823 308326 -
KARNATAKA
5 Hipparagi 333023 195475 4500.00 74742 74742 -
HAND BOOK OF
6 Sri Veerabhadreshwara LIS 54400 898 10000.00 17377 - 500
7 Tubachi Bableshwar LIS 357200 105845 20000.00 52700 - 5000
8 Venkateshwara LIS 17442 1460 4000.00 7200 - 2000
Basaveshwara (Kempwad
9 131927 19221 14000.00 27462 - -
LIS)
10 Salapur LIS 56600 0 4000.00 13000.00 - -
11 Malaprabha 186010 216623 3000.00 202009 196132 410
12 Markandeya 50957 37246 2000.00 14448 14383 -
Ramthal Lift (Marol)-1st
13 25463 25083 115.00 14728 14493 -
Stage
14 Singatalur 576804 212657 7500.00 107380 19587 5040
15 Upper Tunga 339502 262622 9645.00 80494 74361 6133
16 Upper Bhadra Stage-I 1234000 233400 72000.00 225515 - -
17 0RGLÀHG6RQWKLLIS 67390 31831 314.00 16000 10353 -
18 Timmapura LIS 17300 16634 83.00 20100 16916 -
19 Amarja 28000 30484 1200.00 8903 8405 498
20 Basapur Lift 5800 3856 700.00 2100 1390 710
21 Gandhorinala 40000 35224 25.00 8094 7943 -
22 Lower Mullamari 24000 25543 200.00 9713 9713 -
23 Harinala 9431 8902 90.00 3480 3480 -
24 Hirehalla 39600 40714 200.00 8206 8206 -
25 Varahi Project 178950 72947 3000.00 15702 5028 1400
26 Karanja 72500 68999 2500.00 29227 26112 1500
27 Ballarinala Lift 63535 20018 3000.00 8200 - -
28 Sri Rameshwar LIS 50702 46687 1000.00 13800 13800 -
29 Hiranyakeshi LIS 3000 2590 25.00 - - -
30 Bennihalla, Kolchi & Konnur 2573 2541 200.00 - - -
31 Ubrani Amrutapur 14200 14311 30.00 - - -
32 Shiggaon LIS 53200 34281 2500.00 13500 9900 3600
33 Savanur LIS 69000 12430 1000.00 15500 - 2000
34 Dandavathi 27200 1529 100.00 3642 - -
35 Teggi-Siddapur LIS 5150 5135 91.00 3000 3000 -
36 Sonna & Ronnimannikeri LIS 3235 3199 - 3500 3500 -
37 Rajanakollur LIS 1334 1334 - 1100 1100 -
38 Bhima Barrages 11253 11109.00 - 8375 8375 0
39 Manjra Barrages 3000 27900.00 310.00 12672 12672 0
TOTAL 4560757 2232654 180928 1412385 900868 28910
Source: Economic survey of Karnataka 2018-19
350
AGRICULTURE AND
351
ALLIED ACTIVITIES
HAND BOOK OF
352
KARNATAKA
Chapter V
INDUSTRIES AND POWER
K arnataka State is endowed with a large number
of useful minerals, raw materials, marine
Trends in industrial production can be analysed by
considering the changes in the Index of Industrial
Production (IIP). Towards calculating the index,
resources, besides infrastructural facilities such as
Transport and Communication, Banking, Technical the weights of different sectors and sub-sectors
Man-power, Industrial Estates, Industrial Areas, are assigned based on their contribution to Gross
International Technological Park, Information Value Added (GVA) of industry in the base year.
Technology, Bio-technology, and Electronics etc. The manufacturing sector has the highest weight
A sound industrial base has been built up over a of about 81.1 per cent followed by electricity sector
period of time and good labour relations have helped (11.8 per cent) and the mining sector (6.9 per cent).
the state achieve a pre-eminent position on the The general Index of Industrial Production (IIP)
industrial map of the country. of Karnataka covering mining, manufacturing and
The Central and State Governments have electricity sectors for 2017-18 stood at 193.24. The
declared special incentives and concessions for sector wise indices for the period from 2015-16 to
the development of industries in the State. The 2017-18 with base year as 2004-05 are presented
mineral based industries such as iron and steel, in Table 5.1. The overall organized industrial sector
manganese, cement, bricks, tiles etc., have played of Karnataka has registered 2.55 per cent growth
a vital role in the state. Agro-based industries such in 2017-18 as compared to 2016-17. Within the
organized industrial sector, Manufacturing sector
as sugar, cotton, textile, oil extraction, processing
shows the highest growth of 2.64 per cent followed
of cashew-nuts, fruit processing and food products
by the Electricity sector 2.06 per cent and Mining
are prominent. Wood-based industries such as saw
sector registered lowest growth of 1.81 per cent.
PLOOV SDSHU PLOOV SO\ZRRG SRO\ÀEUHV HWF DUH
As a result of this moderate growth of 2.55 per cent
ÁRXULVKLQJ LQ WKH 6WDWH 7KH QHHG IRU VXSSRUWLQJ
was observed in General Index.
institutions relevant for development of industries
in the State was realised by the Government even The average annual growth rates for the
before independence and some of the important overall organized industry mainly for mining,
measures which were introduced include starting manufacturing and electricity sectors for the period
of the Department of Industries and Commerce from 2005-06 to 2017-18 with base year as 2004-05
(1913), the Mysore Bank (1913), and the Chamber are presented in Table 5.2. The Compound Average
of Commerce (1915). Growth Rate (CAGR) for this period for the entire
organized industry was about 5.2 per cent whereas
+\GURHOHFWULFSRZHUZDVÀUVWSURGXFHGDW*RNDN it was 5.7 per cent for manufacturing and 4.8 per
Falls on a small scale as early as in 1887 and on a cent for electricity. A decline of 1.8 per cent was
large scale, to meet the needs of Kolar gold mines in seen in the output of the State’s mining sector.
1902 at Shivasamudram.
Table 5.1 Index of Industrial Production of
Karnataka has been spearheading the growth Karnataka: 2015-16 to 2017-18
of Indian industry, particularly in terms of high- Base Year: 2004-05
technology industries in the areas of electrical Sector Weight 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18
and electronics, Information & Communication Mining 69.8321 69.38 (19.74) 78.11 (12.59) 79.52 (1.81)
Technology (ICT), Biotechnology and, more Manufacturing* 811.3591 194.29 (2.34) 199.08 (2.47) 204.34 (2.64)
recently, Nanotechnology. The industrial structure Electricity 118.8089 196.14 (-4.41) 180.52 (-7.96) 184.24 (2.06)
of Karnataka presents a blend of modern high- tech General Index 1000.000 185.79 (1.83) 188.43 (1.42) 193.24 (2.55)
capital goods and knowledge intensive industries Note : 1) Figures in brackets indicate percentage changes over the
on the one hand and traditional consumer goods previous year. 3URYLVLRQDOÀJXUHV 353
industries on the other. Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19
HAND BOOK OF
354
KARNATAKA
Table 5.2 Sector- wise Growth in Index of Industrial Production (IIP): 2005-06 to 2017-18
Base year: 2004 - 05
Sector Weight 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 CAGR**
102.73 101.77 119.90 128.77 117.02 118.29 44.98 36.42 53.05 57.94 69.38 78.11 79.52
69.83 -1.75
Mining
(-0.94) (17.81) (7.40) (-9.12) (1.09) (-61.97) (-26.85) (45.66) (9.22) (19.74) (12.59) (1.81)
105.89 114.18 123.05 129.83 146.90 161.18 165.05 179.19 184.44 189.85 194.29 199.08 204.34
811.36 5.65
Manufacturing*
(7.83) (7.77) (5.51) (13.15) (9.72) (2.40) (8.57) (2.93) (2.93) (2.34) (2.47) (2.64)
104.93 118.37 126.24 126.33 146.27 147.96 170.85 180.59 201.34 205.19 196.14 180.52 184.24
118.81 4.81
Electricity
(12.81) (6.64) (0.08) (15.79) (1.15) (15.47) (5.70) (11.49) (1.91) (-4.41) (-7.96) (2.06)
105.73 114.13 123.18 129.28 145.08 156.62 157.35 169.38 177.49 182.46 185.79 188.43 193.24
1000.00 5.20
General Index
(7.95) (7.93) (4.95) (12.22) (7.96) (0.47) (7.41) (4.79) (2.80) (1.83) (1.42) (2.55)
*Provisional,**CARG=Compound Average Rate of Growth
Note: Figures in brackets are percentage growth compared to the previous year,
Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19
7KHTXDUWHUO\JURZWKUDWHLQ,,3XQGHUPDMRUVHFWRUVIRUWKHÀUVWTXDUWHU$SULOWR-XQHIURPWR ZLWKEDVH\HDUDORQJ
with the sector-wise weights is given in Table 5.3.7KH6WDWH·VLQGXVWULDOVHFWRUKDVH[SHULHQFHGSRVLWLYHJURZWKUDWHLQDOOWKHWKUHHVHFWRUVLQÀUVW
quarter for the year 2018-19.
Table 5.3 Quarterly growth in IIP: 2016-17 to 2018-19 (Quarters 1 and 2)
Base Year: 2004-05
Period/Sector Mining Manufacturing* Electricity General
Weight 69.83 811.36 118.81 1000
2016-17
71.22 182.11 174.44 173.45
Q1 April 16 - June16
(29.21) (2.19) (-14.24) (0.49)
87.68 197.81 143.49 183.66
Q2 July 16 – Sept. 16
(26.18) (2.54) (-25.32) (-0.29)
2017-18
78.29 186.87 178.19 178.26
Q1 April 17 - June 17
(9.93) (2.61) (2.15) (2.77)
78.83 203.02 163.90 189.70
Q2 July 17 - Sept.17
(-10.09) (2.63) (14.22) (3.28)
2018-19
82.70 192.57 198.98 185.66
Q1 April 18 - June. 18
(5.63) (3.05) (11.67) (4.15)
89.77 208.77 164.46 195.20
Q2 July 18 - Sept.18
(13.88) (2.83) (0.34) (2.90)
1. *Provisional
2. Figures in the brackets indicate percentage age over the corresponding quarter during the previous year.
Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19
,QGXVWULDO*URZWK%\8VH%DVHG&ODVVLÀFDWLRQ
,QGXVWULDOJURZWKLQWHUPVRIXVHEDVHGFODVVLÀFDWLRQIRUIRXUEURDGJURXSVRIRUJDQL]HGPDQXIDFWXULQJ
industries: (i) Basic goods, (ii) Capital goods, (iii) Intermediate goods, and (iv) Consumer goods consisting
of durables and non-durables. Among the four broad groups, the consumer goods industry sector
accounts for the highest weight followed by the basic goods industry. Within the consumer goods
industry sector, non-durables account for 24.7 per cent and durables account for 3.7 per cent of the
total weight of 28.5 per cent. These weights indicate relative importance of the different groups in the
manufacturing industry of Karnataka.
Comparative growth rates of the four broad industrial groups and the two sub-groups of consumer
goods from 2015-16 to 2017-18 with base 2004-05 are given in Table 5.4. For 2017-18, among the four
broad groups, Consumer goods registered the highest growth of 2.80 per cent followed by Basic goods
at 2.62 per cent, Intermediate goods at 2.57 per cent and Capital goods 2.51 per cent. For the period
2005-06 to 2017-18, with the base year as 2004-05, the CAGR for all the groups in Manufacturing
sector was 5.65 per cent of which Basic goods stood at 5.47 per cent, Capital goods at 6.27 per
cent, Intermediate goods at 6.99 per cent and Consumer goods at 4.54 per cent. Details of the
compounded growth rates are presented in Table 5.5.
Table 5.4 Index of Industrial Production for Organized Manufacturing Industry in
.DUQDWDND²8VHEDVHG&ODVVLÀFDWLRQ WR
Base Year: 2004-05
Sl.
Industry Group Weight 2015-16* 2016-17* 2017-18*
No.
191.30 194.65 199.75
1. Basic goods 219.8377
(1.66) (1.75) (2.62)
AND POWER
INDUSTRIES
209.69 215.04 220.44
2. Capital goods 132.8699
(2.60) (2.55) (2.51)
228.58 234.75 240.78
3. Intermediate goods 173.5747
(2.48) (2.70) (2.57)
168.54 173.34 178.18
4. Consumer goods 285.0769
(2.66) (2.85) (2.80)
124.29 127.04 130.11
a) Consumer durables 37.4330
(1.76) (2.21) (2.41)
175.23 180.34 185.45
b) Consumer non-durables 247.6439
(2.76) (2.92) (2.84)
194.29 199.08 204.34
Total (Manufacturing Sector)
811.3591 (2.34) (2.47) (2.64)
Note : 1. Figures in brackets indicate percentage change over the previous year.
355
2. * Provisional Figures. Source: Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19.
HAND BOOK OF
356
KARNATAKA
Table 5.5 Index of Industrial Production in the Manufacturing Sector in Karnataka by Use-based Groups :
2005-06 to 2017-18
Base year: 2004-05
Sl. Industry 2005 2006- 2007- 2008- 2009- 2010- 2011- 2012- 2013- 2014- 2015- 2016- 2017-
Weight CAGR**
No Group -06* 07* 08* 09* 10* 11* 12* 13* 14* 15* 16* 17* 18*
111.40 132.95 150.99 154.60 156.49 164.71 153.76 178.14 184.64 188.17 191.30 194.65 199.75
1 Basic goods 219.8377 5.47
(19.34) (13.57) (2.39) (1.23) (5.25) (-6.64) (15.86) (3.65) (1.91) (1.66) (1.75) (2.62)
108.48 113.28 120.75 113.69 131.29 137.93 192.03 194.69 200.95 204.37 209.69 215.04 220.44
2 Capital goods 132.8699 6.27
(4.42) (6.60) (-5.85) (15.47) (5.06) (39.22) (1.39) (3.22) (1.70) (2.60) (2.55) (2.51)
104.84 106.06 111.06 115.31 133.50 146.16 187.68 211.07 219.67 223.05 228.58 234.75 240.78
Intermediate
3 173.5747 6.99
goods
(1.16) (4.72) (3.83) (15.77) (9.48) (28.40) (12.46) (4.07) (1.54) (2.48) (2.70) (2.57)
105.17 113.45 122.39 131.45 150.12 165.59 147.40 153.37 155.13 164.17 168.54 173.34 178.18
Consumer
4 285.0769 4.54
goods
(7.87) (7.88) (7.41) (14.20) (10.31) (-10.98) (4.05) (1.15) (5.83) (2.66) (2.85) (2.80)
103.66 111.39 119.90 143.37 146.16 155.69 183.85 116.51 120.36 122.14 124.29 127.04 130.11
a) Consumer
37.4330 2.05
durables
(7.46) (7.65) (19.57) (1.94) (6.52) (18.08) (-36.63) (3.30) (1.48) (1.76) (2.21) (2.41)
105.70 114.16 123.25 127.39 150.90 163.62 141.89 156.70 165.20 170.53 175.23 180.34 185.45
b)Consumer
247.6439 4.87
non-durables
(8.01) (7.96) (3.36) (18.45) (8.43) (-13.28) (10.44) (5.42) (3.22) (2.76) (2.91) (2.84)
105.89 114.18 123.05 129.83 146.90 161.18 165.05 179.19 184.44 189.85 194.29 199.08 204.34
Manufacturing
811.3591 5.65
Index*
(7.83) (7.77) (5.51) (13.15) (9.72) (2.40) (8.57) (2.93) (2.93) (2.34) (2.47) (2.64)
* Provisional,** CARG = Compound Average Rate of Growth.
Figures in the brackets indicate percentage change over the previous year,
Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19.
Industrial Growth by Two Digit Industrial ClassLÀFDWLRQ
At the two digit NIC-04 level, manufacturing industry sector has been sub-divided into 22 major industry groups. Among the major industry
groups, Basic Metals have the highest weight of 119.93 followed by Chemical and chemical products (107.89) and Food products and beverages
(71.30). These three groups contribute more than 1/3rd of total weight (811.36), for the base year 2004-05.
During 2017-18, among the two digit level industries, highest index is observed in group 22- Publishing and Printing Materials (352.33) followed
by group 20- Wood and Wood products (260.82), 34-Motor vehicles, Trailers and semi –Trailers (258.41), group 29- Machinery equipment
(250.64) and, group 35-Other Transport Equipment (235.21). The indices for two-digit level industries from 2005- 06 to 2017-18 with base
year 2004-05 are given in Table 5.6. It is observed that the growth rate has decreased during 2008-09 and has sudden shoot up in 2009-10 and
REVHUYHGDÁXFWXDWLRQLQDQGGHFUHDVHGGXULQJDQGPDUJLQDOJURZWKZDVREVHUYHGLQDQG
2017-18.
Table 5.6 Annual Indices of Industrial Production in Karnataka Manufacturing Division by Groups: 2008-09 to 2017-18
Base Year: 2004-05
Sl. Weight
Name of the Industry Group 2008-09 2009–10 2010–11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18
No within Dvn.
1 Manufacture of Food Products & Beverages 71.2978 152.40 181.07 206.87 163.81 179.92 188.48 196.55 202.27 208.50 214.96
2 Manufacture of Tobacco Products 50.1473 89.97 128.38 153.33 130.00 142.44 148.32 153.74 156.33 159.16 162.42
3 Manufacture of Textiles 20.4432 112.51 119.70 128.78 150.88 167.95 175.76 182.79 188.57 195.17 200.60
4 Manufacture of Wearing Apparel 51.7851 96.00 122.95 137.30 136.61 150.29 158.45 165.61 172.38 179.60 185.42
5 Manufacture of Leather Goods 1.6970 124.45 133.95 139.00 134.84 145.24 149.24 152.54 157.39 162.10 165.95
6 Manufacture of Wood & Wood Products 0.9559 100.86 102.30 106.99 205.84 221.48 231.38 240.02 247.57 254.84 260.82
7 Manufacture of Paper & Paper products 13.4892 153.13 161.86 170.51 171.29 190.56 197.67 205.54 212.08 219.09 225.00
Manufacture of Publishing & Printing
8 8.4155 211.50 219.71 241.83 200.12 307.06 315.23 328.99 334.36 342.18 352.33
Materials
0DQXIDFWXUHRI&RNH5H¿QHGPetroleum
9 68.0032 144.64 157.50 167.83 148.61 162.26 169.10 175.24 179.10 183.01 187.41
Products & Nuclear fuel
Manufacture of Chemical & Chemical
10 107.8921 106.14 113.59 119.93 137.42 153.31 156.61 162.37 167.25 171.86 176.41
Products
Manufacture of Rubber & Plastic
11 12.4670 173.11 179.34 195.95 177.92 196.53 200.38 205.40 209.59 214.32 218.90
Products
Manufacture of other Non-metallic
12 37.0224 144.56 149.30 155.41 183.35 193.03 196.25 201.01 203.70 206.97 212.46
Mineral products
13 Manufacture of Basic Metals 119.9261 157.82 166.64 179.03 153.45 173.24 176.33 179.91 182.28 185.03 190.03
14 Manufacture of Fabricated Metal products 13.0763 120.46 126.71 131.72 183.22 203.81 208.14 212.95 217.18 221.20 225.55
AND POWER
357
INDUSTRIES
HAND BOOK OF
358
KARNATAKA
15 Manufacture of Machinery Equipment’s 50.4417 110.00 116.17 120.32 196.39 213.73 218.76 227.10 236.69 244.50 250.64
0DQXIDFWXUHRI2I¿FH$FFRXQWLQJ&
16 7.1733 171.71 181.52 197.51 187.20 189.46 196.97 201.75 205.73 211.58 217.56
Computing Machinery
Manufacture of Electrical Machinery &
17 33.4176 117.19 125.15 130.30 209.24 209.75 214.17 216.45 218.38 221.75 226.83
Apparatus
Manufacture of Television and other
18 25.2076 144.99 163.62 182.61 194.96 198.43 203.04 206.40 211.85 217.82 222.88
Communication equipment’s
Manufacture of Medical, Optical
19 36.0535 123.40 127.70 130.77 164.91 173.75 177.41 181.11 184.45 188.98 193.79
Instruments & Watches
Manufacture of Motor Vehicles, Trailers and
20 54.2817 101.34 119.44 136.45 228.64 232.42 238.45 241.59 245.58 251.27 258.41
Semi -Trailers
Manufacture of Other Transport
21 8.2089 59.04 61.59 71.02 201.39 204.58 213.05 219.26 223.83 229.49 235.21
Equipment
22 Manufacture of Furniture 19.9570 135.64 148.60 151.74 161.56 163.39 167.25 169.74 173.94 177.63 181.97
129.83 146.90 161.18 165.05 179.19 184.44 189.85 194.29 199.08 204.34
Manufacturing Index* 811.3591
(5.51) (13.15) (9.72) (2.40) (8.57) (2.93) (2.93) (2.34) (2.47) (2.64)
3URYLVLRQDOÀJXUHV
Note: Figures in brackets indicate percentage change
o v er the previous year.
Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19.
Organized Manufacturing Sector
The Annual Survey of Industries (ASI) presents detailed statistics on the manufacturing sector of the organized industrial sector. Table 5.7
presents ASI statistics for registered factories for 2014-15 and 2015-16 for Karnataka and All-India. Karnataka accounted for 5.57 per cent of
WKHWRWDOUHJLVWHUHGIDFWRULHVLQLQWKHFRXQWU\7KHFRQWULEXWLRQRIUHJLVWHUHGIDFWRULHVRI.DUQDWDNDVWRRGDWSHUFHQWRIWRWDOÀ[HG
capital, 6.38 per cent of total output and 6.18 per cent of Gross Value Added in the same year. The share of Karnataka in total registered factories
has marginally increased in 2015-16 as compared to 2014-15. However, the relative contribution of Karnataka’s registered factories to the national
LQGXVWULDOSHUIRUPDQFHLQWHUPVRIJURVVQHWYDOXHDGGHGDQGSURÀWVKDVPDUJLQDOO\LQFUHDVHGWRWDOLQSXWDQGRXWSXWKDVEHHQGHFUHDVHGGXULQJ
the same period.
According to ASI 2015-16 with NIC-2008, the major industrial groups in the registered factory sector of Karnataka in terms of value of output are
L 0DQXIDFWXUHRI)RRG3URGXFWV SHUFHQW LL 0DQXIDFWXUHRI&RNHDQGUHÀQHGSHWUROHXPSURGXFWV SHUFHQW LLL 0DQXIDFWXUHRI
Basic Metals (10.16 per cent), (iv) Other manufacturing materials (8.84 per cent), (v) Manufacture of Motor vehicle, trailers & semi-trailers (7.96
per cent), (vi) Others (4.73 per cent), (vii) Manufacture of Machinery and equipment (4.66 per cent) and (viii) Manufacture of Wearing Apparels
(4.32 per cent). These eight industry groups together accounted for more than 66 per cent of the total value of output of registered factories of
Karnataka in 2015-16. Details are presented in Table 5.8.
The important indicators per registered factory based on ASI results for 2014-15 and 2015-16 are
presented in Table 5.9. Karnataka compares favorably with all-India in terms of all the indicators–per
factory investment, employment, output and gross value added. Though registered factories of Karnataka,
on an average are more capital intensive than that of all-India, they are also more employment-intensive
and generated more value added as well as output.
The selected economic indicators per worker for Karnataka and All-India are given in Table 5.10.
Annual wages per worker reveal that Karnataka was better-off than the all-India, while the State lagged
behind in total output and input per worker and Net value added with all India in 2015-16.
Unorganized Manufacturing Sector
The unregistered or unorganized manufacturing sector is an important component of Karnataka’s
manufacturing industry. The National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO), Ministry of Statistic &
Programme Implementation, Government of India conducts periodic surveys covering unorganized
sector at the national level and collect data. The previous survey (67th round) covering unorganized
manufacturing enterprise was conducted by NSSO in 2010-11. The high lights of the State wise results
of 67th round of NSSO survey covering unorganized manufacturing enterprises are given in Table 5.11.
Karnataka accounted for 5 per cent of total number of unorganized manufacturing enterprises and 4.33
per cent of the total unorganized manufacturing employment in the country in 2010-11.
The high lights of results of NSSO survey covering all type of enterprises under the 67th round in
2010-11 are presented in Table 5.127KHWDEOHJLYHVÀJXUHVIRUQXPEHURIHQWHUSULVHVDQGQXPEHURI
workers as well as GVA per enterprise and GVA per worker. Karnataka accounted for 4.8 per cent of the
total enterprises and 4.9 per cent of the total enterprise workers in the Country.
Table 5.7 Selected Key Indicators of Registered Factories: Karnataka and All-India
(Rs.In crore)
2014-15 2015-16
Particulars
Karnataka India Per cent Share Karnataka India Per cent Share
Industries (No) 12,566 2,30,435 5.45 12,973 2,33,116 5.57
Fixed Capital 1,69,023 24,74,454 6.83 1,73,736 28,09,647 6.18
Working Capital 45,737 6,40,840 7.14 51,846 7,40,530 7.00
Total Output 4,61,866 68,83,812 6.71 4,37,723 68,62,354 6.38
Total Input 3,90,051 57,19,109 6.82 3,59,037 55,89,074 6.42
Gross value added 71,814 11,64,702 6.17 78,685 12,73,280 6.18
Net value added 56,995 9,75,161 5.84 64,265 10,72,485 5.99
AND POWER
INDUSTRIES
3URÀW 20,701 4,60,282 4.51 26,660 5,13,193 5.19
Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19
Table 5.8 Two Digit Level (NIC-2008) Industrial Composition based on ASI 2015-16
Sl. Valueof Output
Industrial Group (NIC-2008) Percentage
No. (Rs. In lakh)
1. Agriculture and related activities (01) 502918 1.15
2. Manufacture of Food Products (10) 6269532 14.32
3. Manufacture of Beverages (11) 828464 1.89
4. Manufacture of Tobacco Products (12) 676429 1.55
5. Manufacture of Textiles (13) 580490 1.33
6. Manufacture of Wearing Apparels (14) 1891044 4.32
7. Manufacture of Leather and Related Products (15) 215552 0.49
8. Manufacture of Wood & Wood Products (16) 125338 0.29 359
9. Manufacture of Paper & Paper Products (17) 529732 1.21
10. Manufacture of Printing & Reproduction of Recorded Media (18) 346092 0.79
KARNATAKA
11. 0DQXIDFWXUHRI&RNH 5HÀQHG3HWUROHXP3URGXFWV(19) 4907977 11.21
HAND BOOK OF
12. Manufacture of Chemical & Chemical Products (20) 1540735 3.52
Manufacture of Pharmaceutical, Medicinal Chemical and Botanical
13. 1228422 2.81
products (21)
14. Manufacture of Rubber products (22) 1284077 2.93
15. Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products (23) 1291188 2.95
16. Manufacture of basic metals (24) 4448924 10.16
17. Manufacture of Fabricated metal products (25) 1023809 2.34
18. Manufacture of Computer, electronic & optical products (26) 1318554 3.01
19. Manufacture of electrical equipment (27) 1744005 3.98
20. Manufacture of machinery & equipment (28) 2039422 4.66
21. Manufacture of motor vehicle, trailers & semi-trailers (29) 3484487 7.96
22. Manufacture of other transport equipment (30) 1335988 3.05
23. Manufacture of furniture (31) 167838 0.38
24. Manufacture of other manufacturing materials (32) 3870052 8.84
25. Manufacture of repair & installation of machinery (33) 36810 0.08
26. Manufacture of waste collection treatment of disposal activities (38) 15384 0.04
27. Others 2069049 4.73
State Total 43772312 100
Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19.
Table 5.9 Important Indicators per Factory
2014-15 2015-16
Indicator Unit
Karnataka India Karnataka India
,QYHVWPHQWLQÀ[HGFDSLWDO Rs. In Lakh 1345.08 1073.82 1339.21 1205.26
Employment No. 77.51 60.24 77.47 61.34
Value of output Rs. In Lakh 3675.52 2987.31 3374.11 2943.75
Gross Value Added Rs. In Lakh 571.50 505.44 606.53 546.20
Source: Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19
Table 5.10 Selected Economic Indicators of Industries (2010-11 to 2015-16)
Labour
Total input per Total output per
productivity (Net Annual wages per
worker worker
Year value added per worker (Rs.)
(Rs. In lakh) (Rs. I n Lakh)
rupee in wages)
Karnataka India Karnataka India Karnataka India Karnataka India
2010-11 6.80 8.30 38.90 38.80 46.90 47.20 97,406 86,449
2011-12* 6.54 7.59 39.94 45.88 47.81 54.55 99,948 95,662
2012-13 5.98 7.68 50.42 49.93 60.02 59.95 1,34,364 1,10,327
2013-14 5.68 7.08 53.41 52.57 62.99 62.76 1,37,892 1,21,114
2014-15 5.25 6.94 52.12 53.17 61.72 64.00 1,44,963 1,30,619
2015-16 5.27 6.87 46.70 50.19 56.94 61.62 1,58,744 1,40,086
360 6RXUFH (FRQRPLF6XUYH\RI.DUQDWDND &HQWUDO6WDWLVWLFV2IÀFH &62 *2,
Table 5.11 Unorganized Manufacturing Enterprises 2010-11
Number (lakh) Annual Gross Value Added (Rs.)
State Enterprises Workers Per Enterprise Per worker
Andhra Pradesh 16.20 31.04 74012 38634
Bihar 4.48 7.51 68434 40816
Chhattisgarh 1.65 3.52 68379 32018
Gujarat 14.17 32.15 131406 57903
Karnataka 8.61 15.09 87299 49801
Madhya Pradesh 8.84 15.35 42714 24603
Maharashtra 13.85 32.19 146553 63069
Orissa 6.15 12.66 44786 21762
Rajasthan 6.27 12.20 110024 56590
Tamil Nadu 16.52 35.14 117350 55178
UttarPradesh 23.41 52.26 64716 28992
All India 172.10 348.88 89900 44347
6RXUFH (FRQRPLF6XUYH\RI.DUQDWDND 1DWLRQDO6DPSOH6XUYH\2UJDQL]DWLRQ*2,
Table 5.12 All type of Enterprises 2010-11
Number (lakh) Annual Gross value added (Rs.)
State
Enterprises Workers Per Enterprise Per Worker
Andhra Pradesh 56.00 122.12 97420 44675
Bihar 23.09 34.37 77072 51774
Chhattisgarh 6.76 16.61 90076 44755
Gujarat 36.35 69.70 117228 61137
Karnataka 28.11 53.90 146583 76459
Madhya Pradesh 25.94 44.41 73604 42997
Maharashtra 51.56 101.37 149063 75824
Orissa 24.45 49.32 55235 27378
Rajasthan 21.42 37.82 117647 66649
Tamil Nadu 44.67 90.65 146494 72191
AND POWER
INDUSTRIES
Uttar Pradesh 83.83 157.79 78537 41729
All India 576.73 1079.79 108951 58193
6RXUFH (FRQRPLF6XUYH\RI.DUQDWDND 1DWLRQDO6DPSOH6XUYH\2UJDQL]DWLRQ*2,
Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises 440476 persons. Details of year wise registration
Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) of MSMEs in the State, persons employed in the
form an important and growing segment of registered MSME enterprises and employment per
Karnataka’s industrial sector. As per the MSME unit during 2013-14 to 2018-19 upto Novmber
Act 2006, MSME units have been categorized are given in Table 5.13.
broadly into those engaged in manufacturing
As compared to 2016-17, there is a 19.20 per
and those providing/rendering services. Under
cent increase in the number of units registered,
the Act, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises
9.30 per cent decrease in investment and 15.54
060(V DUHFODVVLÀHGDVXQGHU
per cent decrease in number of persons employed
During 2017-18, 48482 MSME Units have GXULQJ'XULQJWKHÀUVWPRQWKVRIWKH
been registered in the State with an investment current year (April-2018 to Nov.2018), 41856 361
of Rs.1158575 lakh by providing employment to units have been registered with an investment
of Rs.8,54,372 lakh by providing employment to which units were established during 2017-18 are
342393 persons. When compared to previous year given in Table 5.16.
for the same period (April-2017 to Nov.2017),there
During 2017-18 Manufacturing of Textile
KARNATAKA
is a increase of 29.83 per cent in the number of
HAND BOOK OF
units registered under MSME with 19.08 per occupied the top position in 6 terms of investment
cent increase in investment and 23.04 per cent accounting for about 6.51 per cent of the total
increase in the employment generated. Details of investments followed by Manufacturing of
the MSMEs registered in Karnataka are provided Rubber and Plastic Products with 4.63 per cent
in Table 5.14. The number of units registered investment. Details of the top ten products
every year in Karnataka has been increasing since FODVVLÀHG E\ LQYHVWPHQWV DUH SURYLGHG LQ Table
2011-12. Details are in Table 5.15. 5.17.
Out of 48482 units that were registered in In terms of employment also, Manufacturing of
Karnataka during 2017-18, about 7.23 per 7H[WLOHVVWRRGÀUVWE\JHQHUDWLQJDERXWper
cent (i.e.3508 units) of the units were related cent of the total employment closely followed by
to manufacturing of Textiles which occupied Manufacturing of Rubber and Plastic Products
the top position followed by Manufacturing of with about 2.70 per cent employment. Details
Food Products and Beverages 4.06 per cent of employment generated in the units registered
registration. Details of the top ten products in during 2017-18 are given in Table 5.18.
Table 5.13 Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises: 2013-14 to 2018-19
8SWR1RYHPEHU
Year MSME units Employment Employment per unit
2013-14 25966 167347 6.44
2014-15 28742 175469 6.10
2015-16 25656 221706 8.64
2016-17 39170 508966 12.99
2017-18 48482 440476 9.08
2018-19 (upto Nov.2018) 41856 342393 8.18
Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19.
Table 5.14 Details of MSMEs Registered in Karnataka 2011-12 to 2018-19
(Upto November 2018)
2018-19
Year 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 (upto
Nov.)
Units (Nos.) 19610 22169 23229 26005 21769 30511 39509 34651
MICRO Invt. (Rs.In lakh) 43650 66019 79416 87609 122131 213140 252544 197201
Empl. (Nos.) 86216 105029 110070 121599 119614 213450 224597 175042
Units (Nos.) 1370 1981 2661 2661 3740 8216 8568 6897
SMALL Invt. (Rs.In Lakh) 91266 116791 144096 138516 277468 746088 640154 465520
Empl. (Nos.) 34400 46029 46741 47311 86176 239711 181438 139715
Units (Nos.) 41 56 76 77 147 443 405 308
MEDI-
Invt. (Rs.Lakh) 24724 34041 61545 53168 94993 307186 265877 191651
UM
Empl. (Nos.) 7771 4493 10536 6563 15916 55805 34441 27636
Units (Nos.) 21021 24206 25966 28742 25656 39170 48482 41856
TOTAL Invt. (Rs.Lakh) 159641 216851 285056 279291 494592 1266414 1158575 854372
Empl. (Nos.) 128387 155551 167347 175469 221706 508966 440476 342393
362
Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19
Table 5.15 Registration of Small-Scale Industrial units in Karnataka (Cumulative)
Item No. of SSI Units Investment (Rs.in lakh) Employment in (`000s)
2002-03 298148 616374 1723
2003-04 310368 653428 1780
2004-05 321606 691969 1830
2005-06 334386 735616 1888
2006-07 346966 782158 1946
2007-08 361950 894817 2069
2008-09 377655 996434 2174
2009-10 394850 1119250 2285
2010-11 413284 1239873 2396
2011-12 434305 1399514 2524
2012-13 458511 1616365 2680
2013-14 484549 1901082 2846
2014-15 513291 2180373 3022
2015-16 538947 2674965 3243
2016-17 578117 3941379 3752
2017-18 626599 5099954 4193
Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19.
Table 5.16 Top-10 Products (by Number of Units) registered in 2017-18
Sl. NIC- No.of Investment Employment
Products
No 2008 Units (Rs. In Lakhs) (Nos.)
1. Manufacturing of Textiles 13 3508 75449 51111
2. Manufacturing of Food Products and Beverages 10 1970 28392 11782
Manufacturing of wood, products of Wood, Cork, Articles
3. 16 1390 24428 10045
of Straw & Plating Materials, except furniture
4. Manufacturing of Furniture, Manufacturing N.E.C 31 1293 20440 8075
5. Manufacturing of Rubber and Plastic Products 15 1229 53643 11900
Manufacturing of fabricated Metals Products, Except
6. 25 1100 31702 9627
Machinery and Equipment
7. Manufacturing of Wearing Apparel; dressing and Dyeing of Fur 14 1037 11793 7905
8. Manufacturing of Chemical & Chemicals Products 20 457 20944 4499
AND POWER
INDUSTRIES
9. Manufacturing of Machinery and Equipment N.E.C 28 432 10253 3479
10. Manufacturing of Other Non-Metallic Mineral Products 23 24 2299 178
*UDQG7RWDO'XULQJ &ODVVLÀFDWLRQ 48482 1158575 440476
Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19.
Table 5.17 Top-10 Products (by investment) of Units registered in 2017-18
Investment
Sl. NIC- No. of Employment
Products (Rs. In
No 2008 Units (Nos.)
Lakhs)
1. Manufacturing of Textiles 13 3508 75449 51111
2. Manufacturing of Rubber and Plastic Products 15 1229 53643 11900
Manufacturing of fabricated Metals Products, Except Machinery
3. 25 1100 31702 9627
and Equipment
4. Manufacturing of Food Products and Beverages 10 1970 28392 11782
Manufacturing of wood, products of Wood, Cork, Articles of
5. 16 1390 24428 10045 363
Straw & Plating Materials, except furniture
6. Manufacturing of Chemical & Chemicals Products 20 457 20944 4499
7. Manufacturing of Furniture, Manufacturing N.E.C 31 1293 20440 8075
KARNATAKA
Manufacturing of Wearing Apparel; dressing and Dyeing of
HAND BOOK OF
8 14 1037 11793 7905
Fur
9 Manufacturing of Machinery and Equipment N.E.C 28 432 10253 3479
10 Manufacturing of Other Non-Metallic Mineral Products 23 24 2299 178
*UDQG7RWDO'XULQJ &ODVVLÀFDWLRQ 48482 1158575 440476
Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19
1,& 1DWLRQDO,QGXVWULDO&ODVVLÀFDWLRQ&RGH
1(& 1RW(OVHZKHUH&ODVVLÀHG
Table 5.18 Top-10 Products (by Employment Generated) of Units Registered in 2017-18
Sl. NIC- No.of Investment Employment
Products
No 2008 Units (Rs.Lakhs) (Nos.)
1. Manufacturing of Textiles 13 3508 75449 51111
2. Manufacturing of Rubber and Plastic Products 15 1229 53643 11900
3. Manufacturing of Food Products and Beverages 10 1970 28392 11782
Manufacturing of wood, products of Wood, Cork, Articles of
4. 16 1390 24428 10045
Straw & Plating Materials, except furniture
Manufacturing of fabricated Metals Products, Except Machinery
5. 25 1100 31702 9627
and Equipment
6. Manufacturing of Furniture, Manufacturing N.E.C 31 1293 20440 8075
7. Manufacturing of Wearing Apparel; dressing and Dyeing of Fur 14 1037 11793 7905
8. Manufacturing of Chemical & Chemicals Products 20 457 20944 4499
9. Manufacturing of Machinery and Equipment N.E.C 28 432 10253 3479
10. Manufacturing of Other Non- Metallic Mineral Products 23 24 2299 178
*UDQG7RWDO'XULQJ &ODVVLÀFDWLRQ 48482 1158575 440476
Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19.
Traditional Industries textile production. Under Tipu, many weavers
0DQ\FUDIWVDQGLQGXVWULHVKDYHÁRXULVKHGLQWKH from Baramahal in Tamilnadu settled down in
state from ancient times. Of the ancient industries Bengaluru and surrounding places. Buchanan,
of Karnataka, production of textile is an important while speaking of the Mysore State during his
industry. It had centers all over Karnataka and they visit, says that there were a class of weavers
included places like Binnamangala, Aigandapura called Togataru who wove coarse, thick, white
(Bangalore Dt.), Balligavi (Shivamogga Dt.), cotton cloth with red borders and Holiars who
Arasikere (Hassan Dt.) and Chinmali (Raichur wove coarse, white strong cloth called parakali.
Dt.) to speak of the most prominent centers Karnataka women spun yarn using a charka in
mentioned in inscriptions. During the medieval their spare time and Buchanan says that a full-
times Hubballi, Gadag, Badami, Ilkal, Kodiyala, time spinner earned as much a farm worker. But
Guledgud, Bengaluru and Doddaballapur became the Industrial Revolution ruined spinning as a
notable centers. The Adilshahi rulers of Bijapur profession, and also throttled weaving on a major
started paper and agarbathi (joss stick) industries scale.
in their territory in North Karnataka. A British
Weaving coarse blankets (kambali) also
factory founded at Kadwad on the banks of the
ÁRXULVKHG DQG LQVFULSWLRQV VSHDN RI 'DYDQDJHUH
Kali in 1638 exported cloth from the hinterland
and Doddaballapur as the two centers of this
at Hubballi. Under Chikkadevaraya of Mysuru,
industry. Dr. A. Appadorai speaks of Budihal
Bengaluru had 12,000 families of Weavers and
(Chitradurga dt.) as a center of producing cloth
364 Doddaballapur also grew to be a major center of
IURP KHPS ÀEUH ,QVFULSWLRQV VSHDN RI 3DWWHJDUV
or silk weavers from Lakshmeshwar (Gadag dt.) Barkur and other important cities. The Kasars
and Varagiri (Haveri dt.). Though the raw silk or Kanchugars (braziers) produced bronzeware
was imported in ancient times, Tipu introduced which included vessels, musical instruments
sericulture in Mysuru on a large scale. Buchanan like bells and trumpets, lamps of various kinds,
speaks of the Khatries (Kshatriyas, people from mirrors and images of various deities. They
the Southern part of Gujarat) in Bengaluru who are mentioned in many records and the one at
prepared very strong and rich clothes. They dyed Laksmeshwar of the 8th century is notable among
much of their silk and were more wealthy than them. Carpentry was another profession of the
other weavers, he adds. These people had also Panchalas and in addition to the production of
settled in Hubballi in good numbers. They were agricultural implements and household furniture;
well-versed in brocade work too. Production of they also produced chariots, carts, boats and
RLOZDVDQRWKHUÁRXULVKLQJLQGXVWU\LQWKHVWDWH palanquins. They also built palaces with decorated
sesamum and linseed, soyabean, nigerseed, rape pillars, panels and ceilings. All old palaces were
DQG PXVWDUG VXQÁRZHU KRQJH VHHG FDVWRU mostly wooden as can be seen even today by those
FRFRQXW NXVXEH VDIÁRZHU HWF ZHUH XVHG WR surviving ones at Shivamogga, Bengaluru and
extract oil. Srirangapattana.
The Panchalas included blacksmiths, goldsmiths, Production of foot-wear, waterbags, shields,
coppersmiths, braziers and carpenters and they beds and cushions, drums, etc. was undertaken
are also called Vishvakaramas. An inscription by leather workers called Samagars (tanners) and
of 11th Century from Mysuru district speaks of Mochis. Footwears produced by them were of a
a blacksmith who was an expert in producing YDULHW\ RI GHVLJQV DQG FRORXUV DV WHVWLÀHG WR E\
swords. Under Mysore Rulers, Chikkadevaraya Manasollasa. A Badami record speaks of their
had Kabbinada chavadi, perhaps to supervise guild. The Kumbaras or potters were producing
production and sale of iron tools and implements. earthen vessels and tiles. The vessels were both
Tipu continued this monopoly and he also founded handmade and wheel turned. Production of salt
a state foundry at Kanakapura where even canons and lime were two other notable industries. Salt
were forged. Buchanan speaks of manufacture of was produced from sea water on the coast and
iron from sand accumulating in the rainy seasons the salt stones mined. There were uppina moles
at places like Madhugiri, Chennarayanadurga. or salt pans mentioned in records. Places like
Hagalavadi and Devarayanadurga. He gives the UppinaKuduru, Uppinamogaru, Uppinapatna,
technical details of iron smelting too at these Uppuru, Uppalli, Uppinangadi etc., are reminders
places. He speaks of iron ore from Ghattipura in of the fact that these places were centers of salt
Magadi taluk. He also informs us of manufacture manufacture. The Uppars were the caste engaged
of steel which was used to produce sword blades in producing salt. This traditional industry which
and stone cutter chistles at Magadi near Bengaluru supported thousands came to be ruined after the
AND POWER
INDUSTRIES
and other places. He tells us that Channapatna British made salt production a state monopoly.
was a center of production of steel wires which %XFKDQDQVSHDNVRIWKHLQGXVWU\DVÁRXULVKLQJDW
had a demand all over was used in musical Tekal (Kolar dt) and gives details of the techniques
instruments too. Tegur near Dharwad, Halgur of production adopted at the place. Lime was
near Malavalli, Benkipura (modern Bhadravati) produced both from sea shells on the coast and
etc., were notable centers of iron production and from lime Stones mined. Buchanan also described
charcoal to smelt iron was available in abundance WKHNLOQVDW.DGXJRGLQHDU:KLWHÀHOG %HQJDOXUX
in the forests of Western Ghats, which had also dt). There was a community called Sunagars
abundant iron mining centers. engaged in this industry.
3URGXFWLRQ RI MHZHOU\ ZDV DOVR D ÁRXULVKLQJ Production of glass bangles was also
industry and Manasollasa gives a long list of D ÁRXULVKLQJ LQGXVWU\ $ UHFRUG RI
jewelry worn by both men and women. Among from Belgaum district speaks of Senahalli,
the Panchalas, the goldsmiths make the jewels, Kallakundarge (Kallakundri) and Nittur as centers
earlier, they minted coins by paying a fee called of this industry. The Balegars formed a separate
tankato the State. There were state mints at caste and Kannada poet Ranna was of this caste.
365
Lakkundi, Sudi, Kudutini, Balligavi, Mangaluru, Some of them had the surname Setti as seen
from inscriptions. Buchanan speaks of Muttodu (silk weavers). The State did protect the guilds
in Chitradurga district as a centre of bangle and maintained their privileges. Inscriptions
manufacture and he mentions that these bangles speak of saligasamaya or jedagottalli, the guilds
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
ZHUHRIÀYHFRORUVYL]EODFNJUHHQUHGEOXHDQG of weavers, oddagottali (the stone-cutters guild) or
yellow. He also states that glass produced there telliganakhara or oilmen’s guild.
was opaque and coarse and materials needed for
Some of the guilds are mentioned with
glass making were available in the neighborhood
FHUWDLQ QXPHULFDO VXIÀ[HV DWWDFKHG WR WKHLU
of the place. He also describes manufacturing
SURIHVVLRQDOQDPHVXFKDVWHOOLJDD\YDWWX ÀIW\ RU
glass bangles and bottles at Channapatna and
uguramunnuru (300), the ugurus being pluckers
here this industry was started under the initiative
of betal leaves or gale munnuru (300), pluckers of
of Tipu.
fruits in orchards. Uguru literally means nail and
Production of jaggery, sugar candy was they plucked leaves by attaching a small chistle
other notable industries. Inscriptions speak to their nails. Gale or bamboo was used to pluck
of alemane found in many parts of Karnataka fruits.
where sugar cane juice was boiled and jaggery
Beginning of Modern Industries
was manufactured. Buchanan speaks of this Tipu made special efforts to introduce new
manufacture as seen by him at Maddur (Mandya industries and modern techniques in producing
dt.) and surrounding villages. Palm juice was also sugar, glass, etc. Buchanan informs that under
used to produce jaggery. Tipu had made special arrangements made by Tipu, broad cloth, paper,
efforts to foster sugar and sugar candy industry watches and cutlery were manufactured by new
and has even secured the assistance of Chinese techniques. He got new techniques from China to
technicians. Buchanan speaks of sugar produced improve sugar production and men from Bengal
at Chikkaballapur which he describes as very to introduce sericulture and European experts,
ZKLWH DQG ÀQH DQG WKH VXJDU FDQG\ RI WKH SODFH especially the French to produce watches and
was “equal to the Chinese”. The Astagrama sugar cutlery. Dewan Rangacharlu had stated as early as
works started at Palahalli (Mandya dt.) in 1847 was in 1881, his clear conviction that no country can
famous for its crystal sugar. It had the privilege of prosper unless its agricultural and manufacturing
participating in international exhibitions of 1850, industries were equally fostered. The later dewans
1861 and 1867 held at London and had even like Sheshadri Iyer, Sir M. Visveswaraya and Sir
won a prize. But it stopped working later due to Mirza Ismail also had such a conviction and they
various reasons. formulated their policies based on it.
Manufacture of perfumes was another industry. In the erstwhile Mysore State, the Kolar Gold
Manasollasa in the section ‘Snanabhoga’ Fields had been started by an English Mining
(on enjoying bath) refer to perfumed oil and &RPSDQ\ -RKQ7D\ORUDQG6RQV LQ:KHQ
ointments and also speaks of the processes the State was under direct British rule, Laying of
of their production, using mostly the raw railways was an added advantage. By 1900, two
materials derived from vegetable sources. A large scale textile mills came up i.e., the Bangalore
good number of craftsmen especially in villages Woollen, Cotton and Silk Mills Ltd. (1884)
were partly agricultural and also pursuing their and the Mysore Spinning and Manufacturing
craft which was hereditary and the training was Company Ltd. (1894), both at Bengaluru. A
mostly imparted by father to son. The craftsmen Central Industrial Workshop was established by
KDG WKHLU ÁRXULVKLQJ JXLOGV DQG HYHQ WKH the State Government in 1897 at Bengaluru. The
Shatavahana records make a mention of these State Government enterprises of Hydro-electric
nigamas, (nikayas or shrenis in Sanskrit). In power generation at Shivasamudra (Mandya Dt)
Kannada, the guilds were called kottali, shreni, in 1902 may be said to have initiated the modern
samaya, samuha or hittu. industrial development in the State.
A record of the Badami Chalukya times from the Industrial development did take place in the
capital city speaks of the guilds of garland makers Old Hyderabad and Bombay Karnataka area also.
(malekaras), cobblers etc. A record of the days of But they were incidental and not on any planned
the same dynasty from Lakshmeshwara mentions basis. At Kalaburagi, a textile mill, the Mahaboob
366
the guild of the braziers and another of Pattegars Shahi Kalburga Mills, was established in 1884
with the active support of the Government of located in Mysuru City (1915) and Shivamogga
Nizam of Hyderabad. The MSK Mills Co, Ltd. was (1944) to augment the production and distillation
re-registered under the Indian Companies Act in of sandal wood oil. The manufactured items
7KH 0LOO UDQ LQWR GLIÀFXOWLHV LQ WKH HDUO\ included sandal wood oil B.P. Quality, special
sixties of this century and the State Government ‘A’ Quality oil, sandal wood oil residue and
of Karnataka acquired the controlling interest sandalwood balloon dust.
and took over the management in 1963 and later
The Government Soap Factory was established
in 1973 the Mill was taken over by the National
in 1918 in Bengaluru with an objective of
Textile Corporation.
manufacturing laundry soaps and toilet soap in
Except for the English-owned textile mills sandal, jasmine and lavender perfumes, Mysore
established in 1885 at Gokak Falls and in 1889 at Sandal Soap, shaving soap, ,QGRFXUH TXLFNÀ[
Hubballi, there were hardly any major industrial glycerine etc. The Karnataka Soaps and Detergents
enterprises in Bombay Karnataka area. There Ltd., a State Government undertaking has taken
were however some crafts such as the Bidriware over the management of the Government Soap
in Bidar taluk and handlooms in Vijayapura, Factory at Bengaluru and the Sandalwood oil
Bagalkot, Dharwad, Gadag and Haveri districts. factories at Mysuru and Shivamogga in 1980.
In the thirties and forties of the 20th century, a The Company is having the following units (1)
few industries came up, the notable among them Detergent Unit commissioned in 1976, (2) Fatty
being the Cement factories at Shahabad and $FLG 8QLW FRPPLVVLRQHG LQ -XO\ 6RDS
Wadi (Kalaburagi dt), Sugar factories at Kittur expansion project to boost the manufacture of
and Ugarkhurd (both in Athani tq, Belagavi dt). soap from 6,000 tons to 26,000 tons. (4) Sandal oil
The Swadeshi spirit did help the establishment of divisions at Mysuru and Shivamogga, and (5) the
a few minor units like ceramic works at coastal agarbathi units at the Sandalwood oil divisions.
Karnataka and many industrial units and beedi
manufacture grew here as a home industry. Beedies The Minerva Mills, a private enterprise was
with regular labels came to be manufactured from established in 1919 in Bengaluru. The products
1914 when Mahalakshmi Beedi Works started at manufactured were 10 to 40m. single folded
Panemagalur in 1914 followed by PVS Beedies cloths - shirting, long cloth, dhoties, chaddars
(1918), Bharat Beedies and Ganesh Beedies (both DQG WRZHOV 7KH ÀUVW PDMRU SXEOLF VHFWRU
in 1930). Tile manufacture initiated by German undertaking was the Mysore Iron and Steel works
missionaries (Basel Mission Tile works 1865) at Bhadravati, which was established in 1923
in Mangaluru was a notable avenue. Cashew with the objective of converting the vast iron
processing was another enterprise. deposits of Kemmannugundi in the ranges of the
Bababudan Hills into pig iron and manufacture of
Economic Conference
allied products. The nomenclature was changed
The starting point of planned economic
to the Mysore Iron and Steel Works’ with the
AND POWER
INDUSTRIES
development as a concept and State policy began
commissioning of cast iron pipe plant, open
with the appointment of Sir M. Visveswaraya as
hearth furnace, rolling mills and a cement plant.
Chief Engineer in 1909 and he dominated the
In the year 1962, it was changed into a company
LQGXVWULDO VFHQH IRU RYHU ÀYH GHFDGHV ,W ZDV DW
called ‘Mysore Iron and Steel Ltd.,’ with Central
his instance that the First Mysore Economic
Government share of 40 per cent of its equity. This
Conference was held in 1911 and its report dealt
departmental undertaking became a Government
in great detail the natural resources of the State
company jointly owned by the Central Government
DQGLGHQWLÀHGDQXPEHURILQGXVWULDOSRVVLELOLWLHV
and the State Government of Karnataka in the
The Government accepted the recommendation of
ratio of 40:60 respectively. In 1975, in order to pay
the Economic Conference and set up a separate
tribute to its founder the name was changed as
Department of Industries and Commerce in 1913.
‘Visveswaraya Iron and Steel Ltd.’ Now it is under
The Department was reorganized in 1922 and
the administrative control of the Steel Authority
strengthened periodically to meet the growing
of India.
needs of industrial enterprise, in both public and
private sectors. The Pierce Leslie and Company, Mangaluru
(1924), and Siddeshwara and Company, Hubballi, 367
The Government Sandal Oil Factories were
also came up during early twenties. The former
was processing cashew nuts and the latter The Mysore Stone ware and Potteries Ltd.,
manufacturing cash chests and steel furniture. Chikkabanavara was established in 1937. The
products manufactured were stone ware pipes,
By the late twenties of this century, the old Mysore
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
and other products and it was managed by the
State had 26 major industrial concerns excluding
Mysore Industrial Development Company. The
the Kolar Gold Fields, the textiles and hydro-
Mysore Tobacco Co. Ltd., a tobacco curing unit
electric works. Prior to the States Reorganization in
was established in 1937. It has curing centers at
1956, the decade 1931-1941 was the most active
Mandya, Mysuru, Kolar and a grading station at
period in the economic development of Mysuru.
White Field.
The Mysore Industrial and Testing Laboratory
to produce Pharmaceuticals, chemicals, malt The Mysore Chemicals and Fertilizers Ltd., was
extracts and medicinal specialties were started in established in 1937 at Belagola (Mandya District)
1931 as a Government concern. It was converted and it manufactured ammonium sulphate,
into a joint stock company with the Government sulphuric acid, super phosphate, nitric acid,
hold of 40 per cent of its shares in 1945. The oleum, anhydrous ammonia and ammonium salt.
Mysore Match Company Shivamogga, was ,WLVWKHSLRQHHULQWKHHVWDEOLVKPHQWRIWKHÀUVW
another enterprise of this time. The Government synthetic ammonia plant or fertilizer unit in India.
Silk Weaving Factory was also established in 1932
at Mysuru for manufacture of high grade silk In 1932, the Mysore Government pioneered
fabrics, sarees, cholies etc. the manufacture of insulators for the Electric
Department by starting the Government Porcelain
The Government Electric Factory was started Factory. During 1957, the Government obtained
in 1934 at Bengaluru to produce electric technical collaboration of NGK Insulators Ltd.,
transformers, motors, pumps, transmission 1DJR\D -DSDQ IRU WKH ÀUVW SKDVH RI H[SDQVLRQ
towers, etc., The Mysore Sugar Company Ltd., at from 50 tons of ceramics per month to 200 tones.
Mandya was started in 1933 with Government The second space of expansion to 600 tons per
holding about 55 per cent of the shares to produce month was completed in 1967. It was converted
sugar, and alcohol such as potable liquors, into a Government Company, viz. Mysore
industrial spirits and power alcohol were the other Porcelains Ltd. In 1976, this company became
important products. a subsidiary of Bharat Heavy Electrical Ltd. The
insulators manufactured by this company are
The Mysore Paper Mills Ltd., at Bhadravathi
unique and are of international standard.
was established in 1936 with the Government
holding a portion of its shares. The products The Mysore Vegetable Oil Products Ltd., was
manufactured were cream laids, writing and established in 1938 at Bengaluru. The products
printing bonds, azurelaids, ledger papers and manufactured were hydrogenated oil (Vanaspati)
other varieties of paper. The Mysore Spun Silk DQGUHÀQHGRLO7KH0\VXUX&RIIHH&XULQJ:RUNV
Mills at Channapatna was started in 1936 as a Ltd., was established in 1938 at Chikmagalur.
public limited company for manufacturing fabrics The manufactured products include curing
out of silk waste. The products manufactured coffee, steamed bone meal and other requisites.
include spun silk yarn, raw silk fabrics, sarees, The Mysore Implements Factory at Hassan was
waste silk druggets, pile carpets, coatings and established in 1939 to produce agricultural,
shirtings, etc. It was under liquidation in 1960 estate and garden implements and tools,
when the Government took it and is being run as domestic articles, cutlery, sheet-metal work,
a Government concern. light structures, ornamental gates and grills,
etc. During 1975 the Karnataka Implements and
The Davanagere Cotton Mills was established
Manufacturing Company Ltd., was established,
in 1936 in the private sector with a view to
under the provision of the Company Act of 1956.
manufacture cotton yarn, grey and bleached
It was formed by the merger of two erstwhile
mull, long cloth, dhoti, etc. The Mysore Lamp
departmental undertakings of the Government
Works Ltd., Bengaluru was established in 1936
viz, Central Industrial Workshop at Bengaluru
with government holding 17.6 per cent of the
and the Mysore Implements Factory, Hassan.
shares to manufacture all types of incandescent
368 The Bengaluru Factory is currently engaged in
electric lamps, neon signs and other components.
the fabrication of 20 T and 100 T trailers. The aircraft servicing and assembling. At the time of
other products are road rollers, concrete mixers, the Second World War, repairing of aeroplane,
tar boilers, white washing machines, etc. The over-hauling etc., wDV XQGHUWDNHQ 7KH ÀUVW
Hassan unit is manufacturing agricultural ÀJKWHUMHWSODQHZDVPDQXIDFWXUHGZLWKLQDSHULRG
implements like mumties, axes etc. The Second of six months from the date of inception of the
World War not only gave a greater impetus to all unit. During the war time, the number of workers
the industries but also made them self-reliant as was around 16,000. After the war, the number of
foreign materials, machineries and spare parts workers was reduced to 3,000. The Rail Coach
could not be imported. The needs of the war front Division of the HAL commenced functioning from
were also considerable as little could be imported. 1947. During 1951, the administration was taken
The industrial activity expanded substantially. over by the Ministry of Industries and Commerce
and later by the Defense Ministry.
Public Sector Units
After India became independent, Bengaluru HAL made a major contribution for a
was selected as the venue for many Central standardization of road transport vehicles by
enterprises. Among the public sector undertakings producing pre-fabricated bus body which can be
easily assembled by operators in their workshops.
of the Central Government, the following are
It was during 1964 that all the Aero Engine Units
important.
were amalgamated and called the Hindustan
The Bharat Earth Movers Ltd., (BEML) Aeronautics Ltd. The rail coach division was
FRPPHQFHG RSHUDWLRQV RQ -DQXDU\ st 1965 retransferred to BEML. HAL has a very reliable
in Bengaluru. It is engaged in the manufacture and extensive maintenance division for the
of high technology transportation equipment. repair and over-haul of aircraft, aero engines,
Bharat Electronics Ltd. (BEL) is engaged in the accessories and systems. The wide product mix of
manufacture of Electronic and Communication +$/UDQJHVIURPURWDU\DQGÀ[HGZLQJDLUFUDIWRI
equipments for use by Defense Sector, AIR, indigenous design to the manufacture of jet and
Meteorology Dept, and Post and Telegraph Dept. piston engines to power them, matched avionics
The Bangalore Complex has 19 Ancillary Units. and accessories to obtain operations capabilities.
Bharat Heavy Electrical Ltd., 1976 (BHEL) has It manufactures supersonic aircraft designed for
SURGXFHGIRUWKHÀUVWWLPHWUXO\GLVWULEXWHGFRQWURO VSHFLÀF VWULNH FRPEDW LQWHUFHSWLRQ REVHUYDWLRQ
system in the country. and surveillance roles equipped with advanced
technology power plants, avionics, accessories
Hindustan Machine Tools Ltd. 1953 (HMT) has and armament. The civilian needs like agricultural
bagged two contracts for supply of machine tools passenger, training and cargo uplift requirements
worth Rs.24.15 crore to Bulgaria and Soviet are also met.
Union during the year 1987-88. It has also entered
into an agreement to render technical assistance The Wheel and Axle Plant, Bengaluru was
AND POWER
INDUSTRIES
to telephone manufacturing unit in Algeria. It commissioned on 15th Sept 1984 at a cost of
has a wrist watch unit also. Indian Telephone Rs.146 crores. The plant has unique features
,QGXVWULHV /WG ,7, LV WKH ÀUVW SXEOLF VHFWRU incorporating the latest designs and technology
undertaking set up in India in 1948 in Bengaluru in the manufacture of wheels. At the time of
ZLWK ÀYH GLYLVLRQV RQH HDFK IRU PDQXIDFWXUH RI installation the estimated capacity was 56,700
stronger, crossbar transmission, telephones and wheels and 23,000 axles. With the introduction of
defense equipment’s respectively. It had also set productivity linked incentives scheme in 1990 the
up three more electronic switching units during SODQW FDSDFLW\ KDV EHHQ À[HG DW ZKHHOV
the Seventh Plan Period. and 35,250 axles. In 1991-92 there were 69,887
wheels and 43,470 axles manufactured in this
Hindustan Aeronautic Ltd., (HAL) was plant. In addition to these industries, Southern
established at Bengaluru during 1940 by the Railway workshops at Mysuru and Hubballi and
noted industrialist, the late Walchand Hirachand others are also noted Central Government public
with Central and State Governments as partners. sector undertakings.
It was originally intended to be an automobile
The Karnataka Government has been running
factory. The pressure of the British manufacturers
many industrial enterprises. 369
of cars forced the enterprise to switch over to
They are broadly divided into seven groups viz. Corporation Ltd.
Public Utilities: 13. Karnataka Industrial Area Development
1. Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Board.
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
Ltd., 14. Karnataka State Industrial Investment and
2. Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation Development Corporation.
and Service Enterprises:
3. Karnataka Power Corporation. 1. Karnataka Housing Board,
Financial institutions: 2. Karnataka State Warehousing Corporation,
1. Karnataka State Financial Corporation 3. Karnataka State Small Industries
Limited and Development Corporation Limited,
2. Karnataka State Industrial Investment and 4. Shree Kanteerava Studios Ltd.,
Development Corporation Limited. 5. Karnataka State Construction Corporation
Ltd.,
Development Enterprises (non-commercial)
1. Karnataka S/C and S/T. Development 6. Karnataka Urban Development Corporation
Corporation Ltd., Ltd.,
7. Karnataka State Tourism Development
2. Karnataka Backward Classes Development
Corporation Ltd.,
Corporation Ltd.,
8. Karnataka Food and Civil Supplies
3. Karnataka State Police Housing Corporation
Corporation Ltd.,
Ltd.,
9. Karnataka Land Army Corporation Ltd.,
4. Karnataka Minorities, Development
-XQJOH/RGJHVDQG5HVRUWV/LPLWHG
Corporation Ltd., and
11. D. Devaraj Urs Truck Terminals Ltd.,
5. Karnataka State Women’s Development
Corporation. 12. Krishna Basin Lift Irrigation Corporation Ltd.
and
Development Enterprises (Commercial)
13. Cauvery Basin Lift Irrigation Corporation
1. Karnataka State Handicraft Development
Ltd.
Corporation Limited,
Manufacturing Enterprises:
2. Karnataka Agro Industries Corporation Ltd.,
1. Mysore Sugar Company Ltd.,
3. Karnataka Film Industries Development
2. Mysore Paper Mills Ltd.,
Corporation Ltd.,
3. Mysore Lamp works Ltd.,
4. Karnataka Fisheries Development
4. Mysore Tobacco Company Ltd.,
Corporation Ltd.,
5. Mysore Paints and Varnishes Ltd.,
5. Karnataka Forest Development Corporation
Ltd., 6. Mysore Match Company Ltd.,
7. Mysore Chrome Tanning Company Ltd.,
6. Karnataka Compost Development
Corporation Ltd., 8. Mysore Electrical Industries Ltd.,
7. Karnataka Handloom Development 9. Hatti Gold Mines Company Ltd.,
Corporation Ltd. 10. New Government Electrical Factory Ltd.,
8. Karnataka Leather Industries Development 11. Mysore Acetate and Chemical Company Ltd.,
Corporation Ltd., 12. Mysore Minerals Ltd.,
9. Karnataka State Electronics Development 13. Mysore Cosmetics Ltd.,
Corporation Ltd. 14. Karnataka State Agro Corn Products Ltd.,
10. Karnataka Cashew Development Corporation 15. Karnataka State Forest Industries Ltd.,
Ltd., 16. Karnataka State Veneers Ltd.,
11. Karnataka Inland Fisheries Development 17. Chamundi Machine Tools Ltd.,
Corporation Ltd., 18. Karnataka Implements and Machines
370
12. Karnataka State Coir Development Company Ltd.,
19. Karnataka Agro Proteins Ltd., pelletisation of the nutritional grasses and running
20. Karnataka Vidyuth Karkhane Ltd., of saw mills. The decorative veneer factory has
been established in 1974 at Kavachur in Uttara
21. Karnataka Silk Industries Corporation Ltd.,
Kannada District in collaboration with the Italian
22. Karnataka Soaps and Detergents Ltd., Plywood Manufacturing Co., Ltd. (Dandeli).
23. Karnataka Milk Products Ltd.,
It produces attractive wood veneers of various
24. Karnataka Co-operative Milk Producers
types and colors. The Mysore Match Factory near
Federation Ltd.,
Shivamogga has been revived by an agreement
25. Karnataka State Textiles Ltd.,
entered into with West India Match Company. The
26. Karnataka Telecom Ltd., saw milling activities have been further expanded
27. Karnataka Plywood Ltd., by creating two units in Uttara Kannada.
28. Karnataka Tungsten Moly Ltd., and
Dr. Babu Jagjivan Ram Leather Industries
29. New Government Electric Factory (Hubballi) Ltd. Development Corporation
Marketing and Advertising Enterprises: Karnataka Leather Industries Development
1. Mysore Sales International Ltd., Corporation Ltd, was established by Government
of Karnataka in the year 1976, keeping in view
2. Marketing Consultants and Agencies Ltd.,
objectives of overall developmental leather
3. Karnataka State Seeds Corporation Ltd., Industry in Karnataka and upliftment of Socio–
4. Karnataka Meat and Poultry Marketing Economic conditions of SC Leather Artisans in
Corporation Ltd., the State. The said Corporation has been renamed
5. Karnataka Silk Marketing Board Ltd., and DV 'U %DEX -DJMLYDQ 5DP /HDWKHU ,QGXVWULHV
Development Corporation Ltd. The Corporation
6. Karnataka Small Industries Marketing has been implementing various programmes
Corporation Ltd. under developmental and commercial activities.
State Government Industries The Corporation has so far assisted 25,000
Of the Industries of Post-War years, REMCO Leather artisans by providing living cum work
is notable. The Mysore Government established sheds, common facility centers, wayside
a company called, the Radio and Electrical cabins, training programmes and Study
Manufacturing Company Ltd., at Bengaluru, Tours, Celebration of Leather Craft Week and
in the year 1946 to manufacture radios and Presentation of Awards, etc.,
the components, electricity and water meters,
PVC wires and cables. It has three divisions at The Corporation under Commercial activities
present viz : Radio Division, Plastic Division and has been extending Marketing Assistance for the
Metal Division. The capital invested for Radio products made by Artisans and SSI Units under
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INDUSTRIES
Division was Rs.25 lakhs, then the Government the following programmes:-
of Mysore holding 60 per cent of the shares. The
(1) Sales through 24 Retail outlets throughout the
other two divisions are wholly owned by the
State under LIDKAR’s brand name.
State Government. Domestic and community
radio receivers and their component parts are (2) Organizing Exhibition-cum-sales in important
manufactured in the radio division, extended places within and outside the state.
plastic insulated wires and cables. It has been
(3) Supplies to Government Departments and
taken over a subsidiary unit of Bharat Heavy
Private and Public Sector Companies.
Electrical Ltd.,
(4) Apart from this Corporation has participated
The Karnataka State Forest Industries
in National and International Trade Fares.
Corporation was established during 1973 with
a proposed equity share capital of Rs.200 lakhs So far, the Corporation has assisted 25,000
provided by the State Government. The following Artisans towards construction of living cum work
projects have been taken up by the Corporation viz, sheds to 225 artisans, construction of Common
extraction of essential oils, cultivation of pineapple, Facility Centers to 38 artisans, training
cultivation of nutritional grasses, dehydration and programmes to 9,846 artisans, Distribution of 371
Wayside cabins 13,200 artisans, Celebration of and growth of Information Technology industry is
Leather Crafts Week and Presentation of Awards concerned. It proposes to have an increased focus
to 168 artisans, Study Tour to 561 artisans. on this sector and aims to provide the necessary
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
Apart from this, the Corporation has infrastructure and environment that would
started procurement activities from Artisans IDFLOLWDWHDQGJLYHLPSHWXVWRWKHVLJQLÀFDQWJURZWK
throughout the State. The Corporation has so far expected in the IT sector. It also proposes to go in
assisted 1,200 leather artisans and more than for changes in the manner of functioning of the
125 SSI units by providing them with marketing government machinery by introducing the system
facilities. During 2011-12 the Corporation RI(*RYHUQDQFH)RUWKHÀUVWWLPHLQWKHFRXQWU\
has conducted exhibition-cum-sales through the state has formulated an industrial promotion
its retail outlets all over the states and conducted policy for the Information Technology Industry
exhibition-cum-sales programmes at Mysuru LQ -XQH RIIHULQJ DWWUDFWLYH LQFHQWLYHV DQG
Dasara and Peenya, Bengaluru. The corporation concessional and other support for its growth.
is able to achieve a total sales turnover of Rs.7
The Department of Information Technology
crore against the Target of Rs.9.25 crore.
is a newly created department in which
The Karnataka Vidyut Karkhane Ltd., was four organisation viz. Karnataka Government
registered in 1976 with an authorized share capital Computer Centre, Karnataka State Remote
of Rs.2OO lakhs. Its important objectives are to Sensing Application Centre, Indian Institute of
manufacture all kinds of electrical operators, Information Technology, Bengaluru and KEONICS
electrical machines and equipments required has been brought under the administrative
for being used in connection with generation, control of the Information Technology. Presently
transmission, distribution and utilization the Karnataka Government has established
of electricity, and all kinds of transformers, information technology parks at Mysuru,
UHFWLÀHUVJHQHUDWRUVHWF,WKDVVHFXUHGRUGHUVIRU Mangaluru, Kalaburagi and Shivamogga cities
its transformers and motors from all over India under private-public partnership scheme and
and abroad. these projects are under different stages of
development.
The Thungabhadra Steel Produce Ltd., was
established near Hosapete in 1952 which was Karnataka Information Technology and
originally started as a machinery division of the Biotechnology Services
Thungabhadra Reservoir Project. It was converted
The Information Technology Revolution in
into a Shutter manufacturing factory for the
Karnataka is initially began in Bengaluru.
manufacture of gates, hoists, and penstocks.
This is the only industrial unit which is a joint x The details of IT revolution in Bengaluru.
undertaking with the Government of Andhra x The Penetration of ITBT into regions other than
Pradesh. The New Government Electric Factory Bengaluru along with Karnataka i4 Policy and
(NGEF) was established in Bengaluru in 1961 its highlights.
in technical collaboration with AEG Telefunken
of West Germany. It was converted into a joint x GoK-NASSCOM Second Startup Warehouse.
stock company during 1965. It has the most up- x Karnataka Semiconductor Venture Capital
to-date manufacturing facilities with separate Fund (KARSEMVEN Fund).
factories for transformers, switchgears, motors,
x Karnataka Animation Visual Gaming and
VLOLFRQ SRZHU GLRGHV DQG SRZHU UHFWLÀHUV 7KH
Comics (Kavgc) Policy.
new addition to the NGEF product is the line of
VLOLFRQ SRZHU GLRGHV DQG SRZHU UHFWLÀHUV ,W ZDV x Karnataka’s Electronics Systems Design and
PDNLQJDVLJQLÀFDQWFRQWULEXWLRQWRWKHLQGXVWULDO Manufacturing Policy 2013.
development of the country and at present the ICT Skills Development Society.
production in the factory has been stopped.
x Investment in ITBT sector.
Information Technology: The Information
The details of achievement in IT and BT sector
Technology industry is poised for accelerated
from 2011-12 to 2018-19 are presented in Table
growth in the near future. The state of Karnataka
372 5.19
has been in the forefront as far as the location
Table 5.19 Achievements in IT and BT Sector for the year
Sl. 2018-19 (April–
Particulars Units 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18
No November 2018)
1 Software Exports Rs.in crores 82110 95048 102273 107125.77 120780.46 141846.12 151822.48 93249.18
2 No STP Units Approved Nos 26 16 24 15 17 117 101 114
Investment from STP Units Ap-
3 Rs.in crores 62.71 17.09 78.14 24.06 55.68 1012.42 5757.48 541.72
proved
4 Nos.of Foreign Equity Companies Nos 19 14 14 10 11 71 63 72
5 Investment from Foreign Equity Rs.in crores 21.35 1.3 29.39 23.63 19.53 943.87 5559.94 481.21
6 Hardware Exports Rs.in crores 3021 3250 4291.10 4617.61 4846.74 4572.43 4446.93 2574.28
7 No of Electronic Hardware Nos 1 2 4 1 0 1 0 0
8 Investment from Hardware Units Rs.in crores 0.1 0.11 182.02 15.41 0 0.15 0 0
9 No of Major India Companies Nos. 0 1 5 0 1* 0 0 0
10 From Major Indian Companies Rs.in crores 0 15.2 223.05 0 33.82 0 0 0
11 No of SME’s Companies Nos. 8 3 9 5 5 46 38 42
12 Investment from SME’s Companies Rs.in crores 41.46 0.79 7.72 0.43 2.32 68.55 197.54 60.50
13 No of BPO Companies Nos 3 0 0 0 1* 0 0 0
14 BPO Exports Rs.in crores 17775 20392 16692.73 18984.37 25196.33 32302.47 36930.69 N/A
Investment from BPO Units
15 Rs.in crores 1.02 0.6 0 0 33.82 0 0 0
Approved
Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19.
1RWH 7KHFRQVROLGDWHGPRQWKO\H[SRUWVÀJXUHVPD\QRWWDOO\WRWDODQQXDOH[SRUWVÀJXUHV
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373
INDUSTRIES
International Technology Park Ltd. regularly achieving and sustaining a growth rate
The International Technology Park is a high of over 20 per cent indicating a robust growth
tech park built to provide a one stop solution ahead. Reports suggest that the industry in the
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
to multinationals and other conglomeration for State has offered direct employment to almost 8
conducting high tech business in India. It is a lakh people, which is expected to grow by at least
futuristic park built to exacting standards with the 15 per cent in the year ahead.
latest state of the art infrastructure and managed In order to ensure that the fruits of the IT
by professionals. The park houses corporate
revolution are obtained in all regions of the State
majors operating in a wide range of business
and to encourage the local entrepreneurs to set up
such as information technology, biotechnology,
their business units, the Government of Karnataka
WHOHFRP 5 DQG ' ÀQDQFLDO VHUYLFHV DQG RWKHU
has taken a series of measures to establish IT
,7 UHODWHG VHUYLFHV /RFDWHG LQ :KLWHÀHOG
Infrastructure/IT Parks in the Tier-II cities. To
km. from Bengaluru, the ITPL is spread over
supplement the measures taken in this direction,
27 hectares (68 acres) on perfectly landscaped
the Government entrusted the Karnataka State
KDELWDW ,W KDV WDNHQ VRPH RI WKH ZRUOG·V ÀQHVW
Electronics Development Corporation Limited
brain and corporate giant from Singapore and
(KEONICS) with the responsibility of setting up IT
India to conjure upon this business paradise. The
ITPL has been jointly promoted by: Parks in Tier-II cities in the State and done the
role of a nodal agency to provide necessary IT
1. Tata Industries Ltd, (47 per cent). Infrastructure and support to the IT Industry and
the entrepreneurs in the State.
2. Information Technology Park investment (P)
Ltd., a consortium of Singapore Companies The activities that are presently being undertaken
(47 per cent). by KEONICS can be broadly categorized as, i. IT
3. Karnataka Industrial Area Development Infrastructure Facility Services, ii. Commercial
Board, a statutory body of the Government of and Marketing Services, iii. Training Services, iv.
Karnataka (6 per cent). Information Technology Enabled Services (ITES)
A special Task Force has been created in and Allied Services, v. Consultancy Services, and
December 1999 to prepare an action plan for vi. Human Resources and Manpower Consultancy
the development of Information and Technology Services.
Industry. Infosys and Wipro are the other KEONICS is actively involved in establishing IT
FRUSRUDWH JLDQWV LQ WKH VRIWZDUH ÀHOG ZKR KDYH Parks in Tier-II Cities in the State such as Hubballi,
grown in a big way. Kalaburagi and Shivamogga. The progress made
Karnataka State Electronics Development in this direction is as under-
Corporation Limited (KEONICS) IT Park, Hubballi: The Government of
Karnataka, specially, Bengaluru is a preferred Karnataka has established IT park in Hubballi
destination for companies looking to offshore ZLWKVWDWHRIWKHDUWLQIUDVWUXFWXUH7KHÀUVWVWHS
WKHLU LQIRUPDWLRQ WHFKQRORJ\ ,7 DQG EDFNRIÀFH in this direction was taken way back in the year
functions, due to the metropolis’ natural and
1999-2000 by setting up an IT park with 2,75,000
strategic advantages coupled with the support
sq. ft. built up area in a sprawling IT complex at
extended by the Government of Karnataka to the
Hubballi with a total investment of Rs 42.36 crore.
IT industry in the form of allotment of land at
The Government has offered additional incentives
concessional rates, IT in infrastructure and other
including providing work space at concessional
tax incentives to the IT Entrepreneurs. Further,
lease rentals to prospective entrepreneurs to
the industry has its low-cost advantage and is
utilize the space available for establishing IT and
D ÀQDQFLDOO\ DWWUDFWLYH ORFDWLRQ ZKHQ YLHZHG
IT enabled businesses in the complex. KEONICS
in combination with the business environment
which the State offers, and the availability of has been entrusted with the responsibility of
skilled people. Further, a number of India’s top maintaining the IT Park Complex at Hubballi.
WHFKQRORJ\ ÀUPV KDYH WKHLU VWURQJ EDVH LQ WKH IT Park, SEZ, Shivamogga: The Government
Silicon Valley of India, i.e. in Electronics City, of Karnataka has announced the establishment
374
Bengaluru. These IT Exports are instrumental in of IT SEZ and IT PARK in Non-SEZ areas in
Shivamogga. KEONICS has been mandated to Region (ITIR) project conceived and being developed
establish and develop IT -SEZ and IT park in KIADB by the Government of India and Government
Industrial Estate, off Shivamogga Bhadravathi of Karnataka near the International Airport,
Highway. Developmental works have been Bengaluru with an initial investment of Rs.1,600
undertaken to create 1 million sq.ft built up area crore and area spreading over 2,100 acres in the
in 25 acres of land allotted for developing the IT ÀUVWSKDVH7KH3URMHFWLVDLPHGDWKRXVLQJ,76(=
SEZ with an estimated investment of Rs. 250 crore Electronic Hardware park among other ancillary
on PPP mRGHO&RGHYHORSHUVKDYHEHHQLGHQWLÀHG industries with an integrated township.
DQGWKHZRUNLVLQSURJUHVVLQWKHÀUVWSKDVHLQDQ
The mission of the KEONICS cyber lab is to provide
area of 6 acres. All necessary approvals have been
training and investigation support to agencies and
obtained from the Government of India and other
entities involved in prevention, investigation and
Agencies
prosecution of economic and high tech crime. The
IT Park Non- SEZ Shivamogga :7KHÀUVWSKDVH vision of the KEONICS cyber lab is i) Training of
of construction for setting up of IT Park in the non- law enforcement, prosecution, judiciary in Cyber
SEZ at Shivamogga for a built-up area of 67,599 Crime Investigation (Tools and Techniques), Cyber
sq.ft out of a total area of 1,00,000 sq.ft. has been Forensics Process & procedures and Cyber Laws
completed. for their respective roles in dealing with cyber
IT Park, Kalaburagi : KEONICS has taken up crimes/cyber threat incidents ii) Training of
IT Park project in Kalaburagi in an area of 2 acres Banking & Financial Institutions and Education
of land with a built-up area of 1,50,000 sq.ft. Segment on Cyber Security to prevent security
in 3 phases with an estimated cost of Rs.23.90 breaches iii) Conducting cyber safety sensitization
crore. The construction of the IT Park complex. programs for all Government Department iv) To act
1st Phase has been completed. Several incentives as a resource centre for guiding law enforcement
are offered to the local entrepreneurs including authorities of cyber crime cases and v) Knowledge
allotting workspace at very nominal rates. enhancement for the core departments handing
F\EHU FULPH LVVXHV 7KH ÀQDQFLDO SHUIRUPDQFH RI
Keonics is poised to play a vital role in the Keonics is given in Table 5.20.
upcoming Information Technology Investment
Table 5.20 Financial Performance from 2012-13 to 2018-19
Rs.in crores
2018-19 Provisional
Head 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18
(April 2018 to Sept-18)
Sales and Service Turnover 208.97 191.19 181.02 236.71 204.51 388.75 227.03
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INDUSTRIES
Other Income 6.62 7.10 6.82 5.89 6.20 6.61 92.69
Total Turnover 215.59 198.29 187.84 242.60 210.71 395.36 319.72
Profit before Tax 38.08 11.23 4.90 9.65 6.76 18.41 6.13
Profit after Tax 24.66 7.49 3.31 6.17 4.37 11.85 3.98
Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19
Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) Sensing; designed and built experimental
Government of India established the Department satellites Aryabhata, Bhaskara, Apple and Rohini
of Space in 1972 to promote development and and experimental satellite Launch Vehicles-
application of space science and technology for SLV-3 and ASLV. Today India has established
6RFLR(FRQRPLFVEHQHÀWV,QGLDQ6SDFH5HVHDUFK space systems that form an important element
Organization (ISRO) is the primary agency under of the National Infrastructure. India successfully
the Department of Space for executing Space sent the Chandrayana-I space craft to moon in
programmes. During the seventies India under November 2008 and became the fourth individual
took demonstration, broadcasting and Remote Country to send a probe to the lunar surface. 375
Indian National Satellite (INSAT) System India offer in space applications to personnel
Commissioned in 1983, INSAT is a multipurpose from developing under the programme Sharing
satellite for telecommunications, television Experience in Space (SHARES). Chandrayana-1
KARNATAKA
broadcasting, meteorology, disaster warning and
HAND BOOK OF
a 1400 kg unmanned spacecraft built by ISRO
search and rescue. Besides telecommunications IRU H[SORULQJ WKH PRRQ FDUULHG VFLHQWLÀF
and regular broadcasting services, INSAT is widely instruments from India, the United States, the
used for interactive education, developmental European Space Agency and Bulgaria. ISRO and
communication and telemedicine. Meteorological the French Space Agency CNES have undertaken
imaging and direct-to-community broadcast a joint atmospheric satellite mission Megha-
capabilities of INSAT help in issuing warnings Tropiques to be launched in 2009-10.
on impending cyclones. INSAT also carries
transponders dedicated to search and rescue
operations as part international COSPAS/SARSAT
programme.
Infrastructure for Space Development
India has established a strong infrastructure
for executing its space programme. They include
facilities for the development of satellites and
launch vehicles and their testing; launch
infrastructure for sounding rockets and satellite
launch vehicles; telemetry and command network;
data reception and processing systems for remote
sensing. A number of academic and research
institutions as well as industries participate in
the Indian Space Programme. Several Indian
Industries have the expertise to under take
sophisticated jobs required for space systems.
Space Sciences (CHANDRAYANA-I)
(DUOLHU ,QGLD KDV ÁRZQ *DPPD5D\ DQG
Retarding Potential Analyser payloads on two of
its Stretched Rohini Satellites launched in 1992
and 1994. IRS-P3, launched in 1996, carried an
&KDQGUD\DQ,
X-ray astronomy payload. Chandrayana-I, India’s
ÀUVWVSDFHFUDIWPLVVLRQWRPRRQZDVVXFFHVVIXOO\ Industrial Status
launched by PSlV-C11 on October 22, 2008 into As in other States, the power sector has been
an Earth orbit, Carrying 11 payloads built in going through a major change in perception
India and abroad, the spacecraft later reached the regarding the public-private sector mix in respect
moon and went into an orbit around it with the of both generation and transmission and the right
help of its Liquid Apogee Motor. After reaching its DSSURDFK WR SULFLQJ WR HQVXUH HIÀFLHQF\ LQ WKH
ÀQDORSHUDWLRQDOSDWKRINPKHLJKWIURPWKH use and costing of power to different categories
surface, the spacecraft’s Moon impact separated of consumers. At present, the public sector in
and successfully reached the lunar surface 25 Karnataka has a monopoly of both generation
minutes later, carrying Indian tricolour with it on and transmission in the area of conventional
November 14, 2008. energy sources like hydel and thermal power
with limited captive power generation permitted
International Co-operation: International co-
for individual entrepreneurs along with sales to
operation has been the hallmark of Indian space
programme. India participates in major space the grid. This approach has now been questioned
forums including the UN, IAF, COSPAR and and private power companies welcomed into the
CEOS. India has set up the Centre for Space area of generation through carefully worked out
Science and Technology Education in Asia and OHJDODQGÀQDQFLDODUUDQJHPHQWV$UHODWHGLVVXH
that has gained prominence is the need to set up
376 WKH3DFLÀF &667($3 ZKLFKLVVSRQVRUHGE\WKH
United Nations. an independent regulatory framework to arbitrate
on pricing issues between producers, consumers and government. Serious discussions have also commenced on this issue so that a formal
mechanism is ready by the time independent power producers are likely to commence the supply of power in accordance with power purchase
agreements executed with the government.
Karnataka State has evolved from a basically agricultural economy into an industrial one. Its ranking in the industry scenario in 1994 was as low
as VIII in the country. The growth of industrial production in the State during the VII Plan was 6.6 per cent compared to only 3.6 per cent during
VI Plan. This 6.6 per cent growth is still less than the national industrial growth of 7.6 per cent.
At the end of March 2019 there were 6,95,877 small scale industries in the State and these units with a capital of Rs.65,87,652 lakhs had
provided employment to 47,76,354 persons. For more details see Table 5.21
Table 5.21 Registration of MSME’s Industries in Karnataka
Cumulative upto 2017-2018 Units Regd during 2018-19 Cumulative upto 2018-2019
Sl.No District
Invest Rs. EMP in Unit in Invest EMP in Unit in Invest Rs.
Unit in Nos. EMP in Nos.
Lakhs Nos. Nos. Rs. Lakhs Nos. Nos. Lakhs
1 Bagalkot 8642 60540.84 43412 1604 21545 9078 10246 82085.84 52490
2 Ballari 25352 214759 143698 943 33452 9041 26295 248210.99 152739
3 Belagavi 57721 346820.10 270511 9012 101879 37058 66733 448699.10 307569
4 Bengaluru Urban 137731 2064757 1469631 28287 688517 308630 166018 2753273.69 1778261
5 Bengaluru Rural 28623 289949.10 242581 4120 106836 36103 32743 396785.08 278684
6 Bidar 9733 64576.85 60753 1260 21159 9872 10993 85735.85 70625
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377
INDUSTRIES
HAND BOOK OF
378
KARNATAKA
7 Chamarajanagar 3413 15144.56 18999 204 4458 1446 3617 19602.56 20445
8 Chikkamagaluru 12043 36609.07 47895 519 10102 3095 12562 46711.07 50990
9 Chikkaballapura 2829 38123.21 18263 433 10028 3054 3262 48151.21 21317
10 Chitradurga 15578 66609.62 78210 486 18747 4650 16064 85356.62 82860
Dakshina
11 34163 187352.40 223490 3035 50240 19117 37198 237592.39 242607
Kannada
12 Davanagere 8798 70633.72 38905 877 22587 6926 9675 93220.72 45831
13 Dharwad 39011 226852.50 215326 4177 56494 22672 43188 283346.53 237998
14 Gadag 5495 31127.87 26839 699 7558 3300 6194 38685.87 30139
15 Hassan 16118 61124.77 73503 580 14817 5732 16698 75941.77 79235
16 Haveri 6746 34315.40 26762 671 7200 3182 7417 41515.40 29944
17 Kalaburagi 21432 86734.46 94166 689 18838 6866 22121 105572.46 101032
18 Kodagu 4758 19604.99 30031 272 5414 1612 5030 25018.99 31643
19 Kolar 17791 136001.53 121126 522 21308 5320 18313 157309.53 126446
20 Koppal 5903 68897.90 30532 241 7343 1551 6144 76240.9 32083
21 Mandya 12806 57619.75 62725 424 11060 4493 13230 68679.75 67218
22 Mysuru 36782 196601.10 208351 2452 63466 21920 39234 260067.07 230271
23 Raichur 13963 111158.53 79127 584 19578 4511 14547 130736.53 83638
24 Ramanagara 4950 98768.91 45301 571 15710 5633 5521 114478.91 50934
25 Shivamogga 23982 90297.45 114333 862 18059 6011 24844 108356.45 120344
26 Tumakuru 30002 186738.61 168194 1437 51694 12053 31439 238432.61 180247
27 Udupi 8334 98869.83 72556 1638 33825 10561 9972 132694.83 83117
28 Uttara Kannada 14901 54462.30 73750 1138 19143 7983 16039 73605.30 81733
29 Vijayapura 17303 64217.07 87009 1323 20544 9751 18626 84761.07 96760
30 Yadgir 1696 20685.96 7432 218 6097 1722 1914 26782.96 9154
Total 626599 5099954.04 4193411 69278 1487698 582943 695877 6587652.04 4776354
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379
INDUSTRIES
Selected Industrial Sectors The Government of Karnataka has released
I. Status of Implementation of Food Parks: an amount of Rs. 400 Lakhs and Government of
Food Karnataka Ltd., has been nominated India has released an amount of Rs. 300 Lakhs
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
as the nodal agency to look after the so far as against the total sanctioned amount
implementation at the following Food Parks in of Rs.800 lakhs. (Rs. 400 Lakhs Government of
the State. Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Karnataka and Rs. 400 Lakhs, Government of
Govt of India, under the 10th ÀYH \HDU SODQ KDG India) subsidy was given.
approved the establishment of food parks in 3. M/s. Akshaya Food Park Limited, Hiriyur:
Malur (Kolar District) Hiriyur (Chitradurga This Food Park is being developed in an area of 106
'LVWULFW %DJDONRW %DJDONRW'LVWULFW DQG-HZDUJL acres and 37 guntas of land at Huchavanahally
(Kalaburagi District) to give impetus to value village, Hiriyur Taluk, Chitradurga District. Land
addition to agriculture and horticulture produce. development and laying of roads, drains etc,
The status of implementation of these food parks have been completed. Common facilities such
are as detailed below: as cold storage, warehouse, sorting, grading, Dal
1. M/s. Innova Agri Bio Tech Park processing and two lines of packaging machines
Limited, Malur: This Food Park is being for food- grains, oilseeds and spices been installed.
developed in an area of 87 acres of land in The total project cost is reported by the company
KIADB Industrial Area Malur, Kolar District. as on 23.2.2011 Rs.886.89 lakh. The Governments
Development of land and laying of roads, drains of India and Government of Karnataka have,
etc, have been completed Common infrastructure sanctioned and disbursed grant/un-secured loan
facilities such as cold storage, warehouse, sorting, of Rs. 400 lakhs. each respectively.
grading, dal processing, packaging plant have 4. M/s. Jewargi Agro Food Park Limited,
been developed. To compliment the activities a Jewargi: This Food Park is being developed in an
gamma irradiation facility has been installed and area of 105 acres of land. Land development laying
the same is in the process of getting accreditation of roads, drains is completed. The warehouse is
from USFDA. 50.48 acres in the park has been under construction. The total project cost reported
allotted/earmarked to 13 food processing units. by the company as on 21.09.2016 is Rs.2507
The balance land available for allotment is 3.08 lakh. So far the Government of Karnataka has
acres. The total project cost reported by the released Rs.300 lakhs and Government of India
company as on 09.08.2016 is Rs.2315 lakhs. has released Rs. 200 lakh each as against Rs.400
The Government of India and Government of lakhs from Government of Karnataka and Rs.400
Karnataka have sanctioned and disbursed grant lakhs from Government of India. The balance
of Rs. 400 lakhs each respectively (Total Rs. 800 amount has been mobilized by the implementing
Lakhs) given. agency. The developer has stated that they have
allotted land to 113 entrepreneur to start food
2. M/s. Green Food Park Limited,
processing units.
Bagalkot: This Food Park is being developed in
an area of 100 acres of land at Navnagar KIADB II. Food Parks under the State Scheme: As part
Industrial Area , Bagalkot. Land development, of the State Budget 2008-09, the Government
laying of roads, drains, etc. Completed a common of Karnataka had approved the establishment of
infrastructure facilities such as cold storage food parks in six districts i.e., Bengaluru (Rural),
grading, sorting, packaging machines, weigh Tumakuru, Shivamogga, Davanagere, Vijayapura
bridge facilities have been installed and completed. and Belagavi. The present status is as under:-
The civil works for the buildings ware house,
1. Shivamogga Food Park: 0V /0-
administrative block and R & D centre have been
International Limited has been selected as the
completed. The implementing agency has allotted
developer for establishing the food park in an
52.5 acres of land for 18 food processing units/
area of 100 acres of land at Sogane Village in
companies and the balance land available for
Nidhige Hobli, Shivamogga District. In view of
allotment is 2.25 acres. The total project cost
the very slow progress of the earlier food parks,
reported by the company as on 08.09.2014 is Rs.
380 2241.05 lakhs. the Government is examining the handing over of
land to the developer
2. Vijayapura Food Park : 75 acres of b) No.of adult allied 33762 3125 36917
land acquired by the Deputy Commissioner, workers
Vijayapura at Ittangihala in Vijayapura District Total 69686 7163 76849
has been allotted to Food Karnataka Limited for 4 Looms
the proposed food park. The Government is yet to a) Working 30394 4212 34606
decide on whether to call for bids for the selection b) Idle 5268 614 5882
of developers in view of Luke worm progress of Total 35662 4826 40486
other food parks. Per capita income of 24840 25405 24897
5 weaver households
3. Spice Park at Byadagi, Haveri District: (Rs.)
The State Government has approved the Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19
establishment of a Spice Park at Byadagi in Haveri
Table 5.23 Registered Weavers Co-operative
district. Food Karnataka Ltd has invited twice
Societies
calling expression of interest from the private
Liqui-
developers. However, there was no response. An Sector Total Working Defunct
dated
amount of Rs.100 lakhs has been given to KIADB Cotton
Handlooms 322 227 73 22
for acquiring land to set up the Park.
Silk
Textiles Industries: The textile policy ‘Suvarna Handlooms
104 88 14 2
Vastra Neethi: 2008-2013’ of the Government of Woolen
187 138 47 2
Karnataka covers all units which are engaged in Handlooms
various value chain activities of the industry such Total-HWS 613 453 134 26
as spinning, weaving (powerloom and handloom) Power looms 109 90 19 0
including pre-loom activities, knitting, processing, Total-HWS and
722 543 153 26
PWS
garmenting, units engaged in manufacturing
Members 181956 136288 36873 8795
technical textiles and all other supporting
ancillary activities including textile machinery Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19
manufacturing. Table 5.24 Particulars of Co-operative Spin-
The policy has the objective of establishing ning mills in the State
the textile and garment industry of Karnataka Sl.
Particulars Nos.
as a producer of internationally competitive No.
value-added products thereby maintaining 1 Total no.of Co-operative spinning mills in the 10
State
dominant presence in the growing domestic and
2 No.of Spinning mills working on own capital 2
international markets and contributing to the
sustainable employment and economic growth of 3 No.of Spinning mills working on Contract base 3
AND POWER
INDUSTRIES
the State. For more details see Table 5.22, 5.23 4 No.of Spinning mills defunct 5
and 5.24. Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19
Table 5.22 Details of Handloom Weavers and During the 11th ÀYH \HDU SODQ KDQGORRP
Looms in the State weavers have been provided with housing facilities.
(As per 2009-10 Handloom Census Conducted by 12,500 handloom weavers have been provided
Govt. of India) with loans at subsidized rate of 4 per cent or 3 per
Sl.
cent to the tune of Rs.350.42 lakh. Rs.4,290 lakh
Particulars Rural Urban Total
No has been utilized during the plan period for waiver
Total Weaver house 33854 3826 37680 of loan and interest of weavers. 120 handloom
1
holds co-operative societies are being provided with
2 Weaver Population 20 per cent rebate on sale of handloom goods
a) Male 61632 6447 68079 as a marketing incentive. Power is subsidized
b) Female 60056 6203 66259 and provided at the rate of Rs.1.25 per unit for
Total 121688 12650 134338 25,000 powerloom units having power connection
3 Weaving work force XSWR +3 EHQHÀWWLQJ ZHDYHUV
a) No.of adult weavers 35894 4038 39932 powerloom weavers are being provided with Two 381
powerlooms each at subsidized rate of 50 per cent LGHQWLÀHG DQG GHYHORSHd under the integrated
VXEMHFWWRDFHLOLQJRI5VODNKSHUEHQHÀFLDU\ handloom development scheme with coverage
Employment of 85,000 persons is being generated of about 10,000 weavers. All handloom weavers
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
by imparting skill development training in various will be provided with yarn subsidy at the rate of
segments of textile sector through training and Rs.15 per kg of yarn purchased through National
setting up of training centres with an expenditure Handloom Development Corporation which is
of Rs.7,000 lakh. VXEMHFWWRFKDQJHDFFRUGLQJWRPDUNHWÁXFWXDWLRQV
During the 12th ÀYH \HDU SODQ LW LV SODQQHG Sericulture
that 10,000 weavers would be provided with Sericulture is one of the major employment
housing facilities. 30,000 weavers will be generating sectors in the State and its growth
provided with 3 per cent interest loans and 10,000 has immense employment generation potential,
employment opportunities will be created for SC/ particularly in rural Karnataka. The area under
67EHQHÀFLDULHVE\SURYLGLQJWUDLQLQJORRPVDQG mulberry cultivation in the State was about
accessories, working capital and housing facilities.
105223.89 hectares at the end of November
200 handloom weavers’ co-operative societies will
2018, which is higher than the area under
be provided with 30 per cent rebate on sale of
mulberry cultivation in 2017-18 (Table 5.25).
handloom goods as a marketing incentive since the
The production of cocoons, quantity of cocoons
Government of India has discontinued provision
marketed, raw silk production was low in 2017-
of 10 per cent rebate on sale of handloom goods.
18 compared to 2016-17 and total employment in
5,000 silk weavers will be covered under the
industry was high in 2017-18 compared to 2016-
catalytic development program of the Government
17. Details of the State’s production and imports
of India for the development of silk sector in the
of silk yarn are presented in Table 5.26.
State. 50 clusters and groups of weavers will be
Table 5.25 Sericulture Industry in Karnataka 2013-14 to 2018-19
(upto November 2018)
Sl. 2013- 2014- 2015- 2016- 2017- April to Nov. Variation 2018
Category Unit
No. 14 15 16 17 18 2017 2018 Over 2017
‘000
1 Area under Mulberry 80.87 88.489 87.597 91.49 98.135 97.196 105.224 8.028
hectares
2 Production of cocoons ‘000 MTs. 61.41 68.759 70.436 68.381 66.833 42.818 53.786 10.968
Quantum of Cocoons
3 ‘000 MTs. 45.99 48.492 53.541 47.030 43.418 29.677 39.786 10.109
Marketed
4 Rawsilk production ‘000 MTs. 8.57 9.645 9.823 9.571 9.322 5.962 7.504 1.542
5 Employment in Sericulture Lakhs 10.51 11.50 11.38 11.87 12.757 12.635 13.679 1.044
Note : MTs –Metric Tones,
Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19
Table 5.26 Production of Raw Silk in Karnataka and Import of Raw Silk in India
(Qty:MT)
Year Production of Raw Silk in Karnataka (M.Ts) Import of Raw Silk by India (M.Ts)
2011-12 7796 5673
2012-13 7063 4951
2013-14 8574 3260
2014-15 9645 3489
2015-16 9822.905 3529
2016-17 9571.007 3795
2017-18 9321.51 3712
2018-19* 7504.41* 1275 (September 2018)
382 * April to November period
Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19
Karnataka Silk Marketing Board, Ltd
The Karnataka Silk Marketing Board Ltd. promoted by the Government of Karnataka was established
in 1979. This was done with the intention of stabilising the prices of Silk yarn. During 2017-18 the
Company has made a turnover of Rs.401 lakhs. During this year upto November 2018 the turnover
is Rs.265 lakhs. The Government had granted/released Rs.300 lakhs for administrative expenses as
announced in the 2016-17 budget speech. During the current year the Company has made trading
SURÀWRI5VODNKVDVRQ1RYHPEHUTable 5.27 presents details of Financial performance of
Silk Marketing Board.
Table 5.27 Financial Performance of Silk Marketing Board
5VLQ/DNKV
Particulars 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 (Upto Nov.2018)
1.Turnover 2310.00 1145.00 841.59 401.00 265.00
3URÀWDIWHUWD[ (-)439.00 (-)416.00 (+)6.35 (-)54.56 (+)18.24
Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19
During 2018-19 upto November, the transactions in the Silk Exchanges have decreased (38 per cent)
by 361 M. tons when compared to the corresponding period of previous year. The average prices of silk
\DUQIRUÀODWXUHVLONKDVLQFUHDVHGE\SHUFHQWDQGFKDUDNDVLONSULFHVGHFUHDVHGE\ SHUFHQW
when compared to the prices of corresponding period of 2017-18.
During 2017-18 the Company has purchased 10 tons of silk amounting Rs.356 lakhs and sold 10.3
tons valued Rs.401 lakhs. During the year Rs.102.50 Lakhs has been provided in the books of accounts
towards interest @ 10.25 per cent on the Govt. loan of Rs.10 crores. The Company has earned
WUDGLQJ SURÀW RI 5V /DNKV DQG RWKHU LQFRPH RI 5V ODNKV UHVXOWLQJ LQ QHW LQFRPH RI
Rs.54.14 lakhs during the year and after appropriating the interest amount of Rs.102.50 lakhs
and other expenses of Rs.6.22 lakhs the Board has incurred net loss of Rs.54.56 lakhs. To meet the
Administrative expenses the Govt. has given the grant of Rs.300 lakhs for the year 2018-19.
Table 5.28 Presents details of Transactions of Silk Yarn at Silk Exchange and average prices for
2011-12 to 2018-19 (November 2018).
Table 5.28 Transactions of Silk Yarn at
Silk Exchange and average prices during 2011-12 to 2018-19
(Upto November 2018)
Average Price Rs.Per Kg.
Year Quantity (Tones)
AND POWER
INDUSTRIES
Filature Charka
2011-12 1310 1913 1655
2012-13 1238 2236 2182
2013-14 1358 2860 2624
2014-15 2057 2539 2249
2015-16 2818 2179 1774
2016-17 1514 2790 1839
2017-18 1172 3302 3087
2018-19 (Upto Nov.2018) 578 3242 2801
Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19
During the year 2018-19 the prices of imported silk is higher than the domestic silk price. The
LPSRUWHG&KLQDVLONSULFHLVUXOLQJDW5V DQGWKHSUHYDLOLQJPDUNHWUDWHVIRUGRPHVWLFÀODWXUH
raw silk is in the range of Rs.2,800/- per Kg to Rs.3,000/- per Kg (During November 2018). Particulars
RI3XUFKDVH 6DOHVDQG3URÀW/RVVRI6LON0DUNHWLQJ%RDUGIURPWR LVJLYHQLQTable 383
5.29.
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
6FULFXOWXUH,QGXVWU\
384
Table 5.29 Particulars of Purchase & Sales concentrated and set up craft complexes with
DQG3URÀW/RVVRI6LON0DUNHWLQJ facilities like living-cum-work sheds equipped
Board from 2006-07 to 2018-19 (Upto with tools and machinery.
November 2018) • Provide raw materials like sandalwood, zinc
(Quantity in tons and value in Rs.In Lakhs.) and silver at subsidized rates to the craftsmen.
Purchase Sales (+) 3UR¿W(-) Accumulated
• Train craftsmen in creating new designs in
Year Quantity Value Quantity Value Loss (-) Loss mediums like sandalwood, rosewood, lacquer
2006-07 105 1215 95 1165 (-) 316.65 1413.87 and bronze.
2007-08 87 959 113 1324 (-) 405.86 1819.73 • Keep craftsmen updated on the changing
2008-09 127 1569 147 1898 (-) 361.88 2181.61 market trends, by exposing them to the latest
2009-10 171 2661 163 2653 (-) 258.79 2440.40
technology.
2010-11 201 4179 161 3444 (-) 399.63 2840.04
• Look after requirements of the handicraft
2011-12 270 5008 215 4320 (-) 368.70 3208.74
industry, for instance, wood-seasoning plants
2012-13 118 2696 209 4647 (-) 154.47 3363.21
set up at the Multi Craft Complex in Mysuru
2013-14 132 3909 129 3860 (-) 541.82 3905.00
and at the Lacquer ware Craft Complex in
2014-15 66 1801 80 2313 (-) 439.44 4344.44
Channapatna.
2015-16 45 968 47 1147 (-) 419.03 4763.47
2016-17 18 519 24 841 (+) 6.35 4757.12 Indian arts and crafts are in demand all over the
2017-18 10 356 10 401 (-) 54.56 4811.68 world for their beauty, intricacy and artistic work,
2018-19 (Upto
14 399 08 265 (+)18.24 4793.45
adding elegance to any decor. KSHDC markets
Nov. 2018)
the beautiful handicrafts of Karnataka under
Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19
the brand name Cauvery through outlets across
Handicrafts the country. The high standard of craftsmanship
Karnataka with a rich heritage of tradition maintained by KSHDC has made the Cauvery
in arts and crafts is one of the leading States name synonymous with quality handicrafts. The
in handicrafts industry. The handicrafts of the following handicrafts collection centres have been
State include lacquer ware, sandalwood carving, established in Karnataka: multicrafts Complex,
rosewood inlay work, pith work, toys and dolls, Balavatta, Mysuru; Sandalwood Crafts Complex,
Bidiriware, decorative pottery, bronze work, cane Sagar (Shivamogga); Also Sirsi and Kumta
and bamboo crafts, leather work, sculpture, (North Canara); Sorab (Shivamogga); bidriware
gold and silver jewellery, brocade weaving, horn Craft Complex (Bidar); Lacquer ware Craft
FDUYLQJ HWF 7KHUH DUH DERXW LGHQWLÀHG Complex, Channapatna (Ramanagar); Bronze
master artisans and the coverage of Handicraft Craft Complex, Peenya (Bengaluru); Pottery Craft
Development Corporation is included to sixty Complex, Ramanagar; Rural Marketing and
per cent, at present. The assistance given by the Service Centre, Navalgund (Dharwad); Kinnala
Procurement Centre, Kinnala, (Koppal Dist.) etc.
AND POWER
INDUSTRIES
department to the craftsmen includes supply
of raw materials at subsidized rates, training of Coir Industries
craftsmen and intensive development projects Karnataka ranks second in the production
in various crafts. The Corporation has set up of coconut and have great potential for the
complexes for sandalwood, bidriware, inlay-works development of Coir industries. The State
and lacquer ware. It has set up six raw material Government has set up a Coir Development
depots and nine show rooms besides a bronze Corporation for promoting coir based industries
production and design centre at Bengaluru and and to provide employment in rural areas
procurement centre for Kinhal toys. besides procurement-cum-distribution and
To ensure that the State’s rich tradition of training centres. Integrated Coir Development
exquisite craftsmanship is preserved, developed Project: Rs.200 lakhs have been provided of
and promoted, the Government of Karnataka which Rs.100 lakhs is grant and Rs.100 lakhs
established the Karnataka State Handicrafts is investment to assist Four Primary Coir Co-
Development Corporation (KSHDC) in 1964. operative Societies and take up 18 programmes
in the area of Manpower development through
KSHDC has taken up the Following Initiatives: the Karnataka State Coir Co-operative Federation
385
• Identify places where craftsmen are Limited, Primary Coir Co-operative Societies and
Karnataka State Coir Development Corporation. 4 • Margin 0RQH\ 6FKHPH EHQHÀWV ZLOO QRW EH
crores have been provided as State’s share to set provided to Khadi, Polyvastra, Wool and Silk
up new mini tool rooms at Bagalkot, Bidar and Industries.
KARNATAKA
Shivamogga.
HAND BOOK OF
• The loans for the projects are extended by the
Khadi and Village Industries selected Nationalized Banks, Private Scheduled
Karnataka State Khadi and Village Industries Banks, Grameena Banks and Co-operative
Board came into existence under the Karnataka Bank which are approved by Khadi and Village
Khadi and Village Industries Act 1956 (Karnataka Industries Board.
Act of 1957). The board was established by the • 69 Banks have been recognised by KVIB to
Government of Karnataka with the objective to take up the scheme.
organise, develop and regulate Khadi and Village Vishwa Programme: Vishwa programme was
Industries activities in Karnataka. launched in order to rejuvenate the traditional
The main objective of the KVIB is to go give crafts and village industries and to provide self-
priority for Khadi and Village Industries in rural employment to the youth while encouraging
areas and to develop provide assistance, generate them to make use of the raw materials available
employment opportunities in rural areas and locally. This programme was named after Sir M.
improve the economic status of the rural artisans. Visveshwaraya. This was launched on 2nd October
1991. The programme is intended to overcome the
About 3 lakh artisans are employed in the Khadi
scarcity of raw materials and proper marketing
and Village Industries, of whom, the Karnataka
faced by craftsmen in rural Karnataka. This will
State Khadi and village Industries Board has
enable them to prosper with their own traditional
been assisting 1.4 lakh artisans. The Board has
know how. Under this programme, it is envisaged
taken steps to organise new institutions in the
to give institutional status to rural industries and
uncovered areas of the State. It also extends
crafts, to train the youth so as to enable them to
assistance for village industries like oil industry,
take up proper industrial activity and to provide
carpentry, black smithy, leather industry, soap
ÀQDQFLDODVVLVWDQFHWRWDNHXSVHOIHPSOR\PHQW
industry, mat weaving etc.; it has also initiated
a concerted drive to install Bio-gas plants in the Large and Medium Scale Industries
State. Karnataka is famous for producing national The Industrial policy of 1993 replaced the
ÁDJVDQGSULQWHGNKDGLVLONVDUHHVLQWKLVVHFWRU division of the State into zones by the three fold
FODVVLÀFDWLRQ XQGHU ZKLFK %HQJDOXUX DQG LWV
Of the agro-based industries, bee-keeping is
surrounding became ineligible for subsidy; growth
also notable and the Western Ghats districts like
centres got a higher subsidy of 30 per cent and
Kodagu, Hassan, Chikkamagaluru, Dakshina
other areas a subsidy of 25 per cent. This was
Kannada, Udupi and Shivamogga produce honey
PRGLÀHGLQ DQGVXEVLG\UHVWULFWHGWRVPDOO
in large quantities.
scale industries, with medium scale industries
Rural Employment Generation Programme being extended only sales tax incentives. Hi-tech
(Margin Money Scheme) and renewable energy projects, non-polluting
and exporting units were given special attention
The Government of India has launched Rural
apart from exemption from power cuts and stamp
Employment Generation Programme to provide
duties. The 2001-2006 new industrial policy, in
more employment opportunities of rural artisans.
order to achieve the objectives as set out in this
The Margin Money will be provided to the units
policy and to ensure that the strategy/approach
RI WKHVH HQWUHSUHQHXUV LGHQWLÀHG E\ .KDGL DQG
detailed in this policy is implemented successfully,
Village Industries Commission/ Khadi and Village
the government offers the following incentives and
Industries Board. This Margin Money will be
concessions for new investment made in industrial
adjusted to the loan account of the entrepreneur
sector on or after 1st April 2001. For the purpose
only after two years of successful establishment
of various incentives and concessions, the state
of the unit. This Scheme is applicable to the rural
KDVEHHQFODVVLÀHGLQWRIRXU]RQHVQDPHO\ =RQH$
areas.
Developed areas, Zone-B developing areas, Zone-C
• This is applicable only to rural village industries backward areas and Zone-D growth centres and
386 which are not in the Negative list of industries. mini growth centres specialised industrial parks.
In the 8th Plan 77 mega projects with investment The high level committee has cleared seven
of Rs.54,700 crores and employment potential major projects, important among them being
of 90,490 have been approved, Vijayanagar construction of Equipment manufacturing
6WHHO 3ODQW ZDV VWDUWHG 0DQJDOXUX 5HÀQHU\ plant of Eicon, two cement grounding units
was commissioned, the Singapore Information at Toranagallu and Kolar, a fertilizer plant of
7HFKQRORJ\ 3DUN DW :KLWHÀHOG FRPPLVVLRQHG D -LQGDO IHUWLOL]HUV /WG $W 7RUDQJDOOX H[SDQVLRQ
textile policy is announced, the National Institute projects of Mahadeshwara sugar along with a
of Fashion Technology project is initiated, a co-generation plant, a multidisciplinary high
software services support and education centre technology R and D centre of GE India Technology
with ECC and Government of India and an &HQWUHDW:KLWHÀHOG%HQJDOXUX
Electronics Trade and Technology centre set up.
By 2019 March end, there were 1424 State of
Major projects approved include the TVS Suzuki
SHLCC+SLSWCC Approved Projects in the State
two wheeler projects with an investment of Rs.150
with an investment Rs.303,850 crore and they
crores, a heavy duty truck manufacturing facility
had provided employment to 1,028,028 persons.
by Volvo with an investment of Rs.300 crores and
See more details in Table 5.30.
a special purpose vehicle manufacturing unit of
Telco with an investment of Rs.300 crores.
Table 5.30 State of SHLCC+SLSWCC Approved Projects (2013-14 to 2018-19)
State Level Window Clearance Committee (SLSWCC) Approved Projects (2013-14 to 2018-19)
Approved
Period
Units Investment (INR crores) Employment (Nos.)
2013-14 209 3,558.21 43,759
2014-15 72 1,996.33 24,248
2015-16 252 13,681.45 77,560
2016-17 256 19.572.04 95,608
2017-18 336 23,536.61 2,03,489
2018-19 156 12,120.62 72,457
Total 1,281 74,465.26 5,17,121
State High Level Clearance Committee (SHLCC) Approved Projects (2013-14 to 2018-19)
Approved
Period
Units Investment (INR crores) Employment (in Nos.)
2013-14 46 38,733.38 127, 692
2014-15 36 52,148.05 31,819
2015-16 28 89,770.47 171,324
AND POWER
INDUSTRIES
2016-17 13 14,226.39 60,497
2017-18 15 30,119.05 67,616
2018-19 5 4,387.77 51.959
Total 143 2,29,385.11 5,10,907
State of SHLCC+SLSWCC Approved Projects (2013-14 to 2018-19)
Approved
Period
Units Investment (INR Crores) Employment (Nos.)
2013-14 255 42,292 1,71,451
2014-15 108 54,144 56,067
2015-16 280 1,03,452 2,48,884
2016-17 269 33,798 1,56,105
2017-18 351 53,656 2,71,105
2018-19 161 16,508 1,24,416
Total 1,424 3,03,850 10,28,028 387
6RXUFH .DUQDWDND8G\RJD0LWUD1R .KDQLMD%KDYDQ5DFH&RXUVH5RDG%HQJDOXUX²
The state was able to attract severe competition The Department of Mines and Geology has
from other states, regarding the prestigious realized revenues of Rs.1496.56 crores as against
project of the Toyota Motor Corporation covering the target of Rs.1920 crores upto November 2018
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
an investment of Rs. 4,200 crores to establish an and as against the annual target of Rs.3,000 crores
automobile unit for the manufacture of passenger for the year 2018-19. Details of royalty collections
cars. from 2014-15 to 2018-19 (upto November 2018)
are provided in Table 5.31
Mineral Resources In Karnataka
Karnataka State is rich in mineral resources Table 5.31 Details of Royalty Collections
which covers an area of 1.92 lakh sq.km. The 5VLQFURUH
state is having valuable minerals deposit such as Achieve- Major Minor
Year Target
iron ore and manganese in Ballari, Chitradurga, ment Mineral Mineral
Tumakuru, Uttara Kannada and Chikkamagaluru 2014-15 1750.00 1648.92 821.08 827.84
districts. Besides these ores, chromium (Chromite) 2015-16 1807.18 2003.61 807.71 1099.91
deposits in Hassan and Mysuru districts,
2016-17 2410.71 2185.02 1042.37 1142.65
Aluminium (Bauxite) reserves in Belagavi, copper
2017-18 2550.00 2746.26 1294.89 1451.37
(malachite) reserves in Hassan, Chitradurga and
3000.00
Raichur are also found. State is rich in industrial Annual
2018-19
minerals such as kyanite, soapstone, corundum (upto Nov-
Target
1496.56 925.50 571.07
(1920.00
and a wide variety of ornamental stones such as 2018)
upto Nov-
granite, gneisses, pink porphyries and felsites 2018)
deposits. Karnataka has more than 40,000 sq. 5R\DOW\FROOHFWLRQLVDVSHU5HFRQFLOHGÀJXUHV
kms. of green stone belt which are a treasure trove Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19
of several mineral deposits and also indicates the
occurrence of polymetallic deposits, diamond and Karnataka State Mineral Policy 2008
gold. The Mines and Minerals (Development and
Regulation) Act, 1957 (MMDR Act), lays down the
In the State, the Department of Mines and legal frame-work for the regulation of mines and
Geology, is responsible for the effective and development of all minerals other than petroleum
HIÀFLHQW DGPLQLVWUDWLRQ RI WKHVH PLQHUDO and natural gas. The following sets of rules are
resources, which are raw materials for various framed under the act to deal with major minerals
industries. Locating mineral deposits, which are (state governments are free to deal with mineral
not readily open on the surface, is the thrust concessions related to minor minerals).
area of exploration. To achieve this, department
x The Minerals (other than Atomic, Hydrocarbon
has granted more number of reconnaissance
Energy Minerals) concession rules, 2016 w.e.f
permits and prospecting license to National and
04.03.2016.
International exploration companies for taking up
exploration activities. x The (Evidence of Mineral Content) rules 2015,
w.e.f 17.04.2015.
Mining and Mineral industries
During the year 2018-19, upto November x The mineral (Auction) rule 2015, w.e.f
2018 the Department of Mines and Geology has 20.05.2015.
not granted any mining lease. As per MMDR x The mineral (Mining by Government Company)
amendment act 2015, deemed extension has been rules 2015, w.e.f 03.12.2015.
made for mining lease for limestone no. 2480 in
x The Mineral Conservation and Development
an extent of 1.62 hectares in Bagalkot district.
Rules, 1988 (MCDR) deals with conservation
During the year 2018-19, upto November and systematic development of all minerals
2018 the Department of Mines and Geology has except coal, atomic minerals and minor
granted 186 Quarry leases for Building Stone minerals.
and other minor minerals. For Ornamental
x FDI is permitted cent per cent for the automatic
Granite 25 Quarry leases were granted. Where as
route to explore and exploit all non-fuel and
in previous year, 104 leases for minor minerals
non-atomic minerals in India.
388 and Ornamental Granite 25 Quarry leases were
granted. x FDI is permitted cent per cent for the automatic
route to process all metals as well as for policy. Deputy Commissioners and Tahsildars
metallurgy. were given more powers to check unauthorised
extraction and sale of sand as per the new rules.
x Optimization of state’s geological potential by
The powers given to PWD has been withdrawn
VFLHQWLÀFDQGGHWDLOHGSURVSHFWLQJ
and taken back to department.
x 1RWLÀFDWLRQ RI PLQHUDO EDVHG DUHD WR DYRLG
clash of interest between mineral exploitation Highlights of Amendment to KMMCR 1994 dated
and other development activities. 12.08.2016 are as follows:
x Promote indigenous utilization of minerals. x Provision is made to grant sand quarrying
x Evaluate the mineral resources including the leases for the period of 5 years through public
coastal and sea belt. tender cum Auction.
x Review mining areas granted to public/ private x Additional responsibility has been given to
companies to adhere to mining plan discourage District and Taluk sand monitoring committees
unproductive holding. to monitor sand quarrying activities and Powers
x In order to implement the developmental are delegated to all the members of the Taluk
and environment restoration works in mines & District Sand Monitoring Committees to
affected areas of Iron ore in Chitradurga, control the illegal sand mining & transportation
Ballari and Tumakuru districts a new body, under rule 31-R sub rule 13 of KMMCR 1994
Karnataka Mining Environment Restoration Amendment Rules 2016.
Company (KMERC) has come into existence
x Deputy Commissioner and Assistant
on 21-06-2014.
Commissioner are the chairperson for District
x Government of India Promulgated ordinance sand monitoring committee and Taluk sand
amending the Mines and Minerals monitoring committee respectively.
(Development and Regulation) Act with effect
x 2IÀFHUVRI5HYHQXH3ROLFH)RUHVW3:'0LQHV
from 12.01.2015, and same has been gazette
& Geology, Zilla Panchayat, Regional Transport
on 27.03.2015.
2IÀFHDQG6RFLDO:HOIDUHGHSDUWPHQWVDUHWKH
Salient Features of Amendment Act: members to District and Taluk Sand Monitoring
Granting of Mining Leases through auction Committees.
by transparent and competitive Method is adopted,
x Provision is made for reservations for grant
by expelling the old system of granting mining
of sand mining leases.
OHDVHVRQÀUVWFXPÀUVWEDVLV%\DGRSWLQJWKLV
method of auctioning the mineral wealth, highest x Provisions are made to allow sand mining
revenue to the Government is expected. available in Patta Lands, to meet the short
supply.
Established the District level Committees for
AND POWER
INDUSTRIES
collecting DMF and utilizing DMF fund for the x Provision is made to reserve sand blocks
development of the mine affected areas. IRU *RYHUQPHQW ZRUNV ZKLFK DUH LGHQWLÀHG
by District and Taluk Sand monitoring
National Mineral Exploration Trust (NMET) has Committees.
been formed for conducting mineral exploration,
x In such of those cases where PWD has in the
by collecting 2 per cent of royalty from Mining
past auctioned and executed leases for sand
Lease holders and to estimate the value of mineral
quarrying and transportation is allowed till
wealth with an objective of declaring it has
validity by their period under Rule 31-X.
National Natural Wealth.
x Provision is made to sanction budget through
Karnataka State Sand Policy 2011
corpus fund under rule 31-Z to bear the
State government has formulated Karnataka
expenses in controlling sand quarrying and
Minor Mineral Concession rules 1994 (KMMCR
transportation at the district level.
1994) and as per the order of the Supreme Court
of India and model guidelines of Government of x Prohibited Inter State sand transportation.
India, amendments were made to KMMCR 1994. x Provision is made to import river sand from
2Q$XJXVWDQRWLÀFDWLRQZDVLVVXHG other countries and for sale in the State under 389
and new rules had been framed regarding this rule 31-ZF to 31-ZL of KMMCR 1994.
Industrial Policy Initiatives And Industrial the New Industrial Policy 2014-19, vide
Investment Government Order No.CI 58 SPI 2013 Bengaluru
The State Government now intends to consolidate Dated: 1.10.2014. Industrial investments proposed
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
the strategies and achievements made so far by WKURXJK ÀOLQJ RI ,QGXVWULDO (QWUHSUHQHXUV·
providing adequate infrastructure support with Memorandum (IEM) and issuing of Industrial
attractive enhanced incentives and improved Licenses (IL) are presented in Table 5.32.
facilitation mechanism coupled with governance There is decrease in the number of Industrial
reforms. Government of India has come out with (QWUHSUHQHXUV 0HPRUDQGXP ÀOHG DQG DPRXQW
the National Manufacturing Policy in 2011 with of proposed investment upto October 2018 when
the objective of accelerated development, inclusive compared to December period in 2017.
growth and provision of gainful employment. The Table 5.32 Details of Industrial Approvals in
policy aims to enhance share of manufacturing in Karnataka
GDP to 25 per cent within a decade and create 100
January-December
million jobs with appropriate skill sets, increase
Particulars 2018
the depth in manufacturing and enhance global 2015 2016 2017 (Upto
competitiveness. Oct.2018)
Industrial Entrepre-
neurs Memorandum 93 285 194 103
The Karnataka Manufacturing Task Force ¿OHG 1RV
(MTF) constituted by the State Government to Proposed invest-
study the manufacturing sector in Karnataka and 31,544 1,54,131 1,52,118 84,519
ment (Rs.In crores)
suggest interventions to drive growth in the sector Letter of Intent &
in a sustainable and holistic manner, taking into Direct Industrial 13 2 - -
Licenses issued
account global trends and existing challenges in
Proposed Invest-
the manufacturing sector has given its valuable ment (Rs.In crores)
124 42 - -
recommendations and suggestions. It is in this
Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19
context that the State Government is desirous
of formulating a new Industrial Policy to be in Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
alignment with the objectives and goals of the 'HWDLOV RI 6WDWHZLVH )', LQÁRZV IURP
National Manufacturing Policy 2011 and the XS WR XSWR -XQH DV ZHOO DV
recommendations of Karnataka Manufacturing FXPXODWLYH )', LQÁRZV IURP $SULO WLOO -XQH
Task Force (MTF) which would enable smooth 2018 are given in Table 5.33. The total FDI
WUDQVLWLRQ RI SROLF\ PHDVXUHV IRU WKH EHQHÀW RI LQÁRZVWRWKH6WDWHLQWKHODVWGHFDGHDFFRXQWHG
investors in the State. IRUSHUFHQWRIWKHWRWDO)',LQÁRZVWR,QGLDDQG
The Government of Karnataka has announced Karnataka stands Third among Indian States, in
WHUPVRITXDQWXPRI)',LQÁRZs.
7DEOH6WDWHZLVH)',(TXLW\,QÁRZV $PRXQW86'ROODULQ0LOOLRQ
Cumulative
Sl. Reserve Bank of per cent
2015-16 (Apr. 2016-17 (Apr. 2017-18 (Apr. 2018-19 (Apr. Inflows (April.
India– Regional States Covered to Total
No. to Mar.) to Mar.) to Mar.) to June18.) 2000
2I¿FH Inflows
June. 2018)
Maharashtra, Dadar&
1 Mumbai Nagar Haveli, Daman 9,511 19,654 13,423 2,428 30
4,18,134
& Diu
Delhi, Part of
2 New Delhi 12,743 5,884 7,656 4,067 79,760 20
UP & Haryana
3 Bengaluru Karnataka 4,121 2,132 8,575 1,773 3,2721 8
Tamil Nadu,
4 Chennai 4,528 2,218 3,475 718 27,953 7
Pondicherry
5 Ahmedabad Gujarat 2,244 3,367 2,091 413 19,155 5
Andhra
6 Hyderabad 1,556 2,195 1,246 1,475 16,487 4
Pradesh
West Bengal, Sikkim,
390 7 Kolkata Andaman & Nicobar 955 50 218 579 4,782 1
Islands
8 Kochi Kerala, Lakshadweep 90 454 208 10 1,973 0.5
9 Jaipur Rajasthan 50 165 117 76 1,673 0.4
Chandigarh, Punjab,
10 Chandigarh Haryana, Himachal 27 6 108 - 1,472 0.4
Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh,
11 Bhopal 80 76 28 7 1,407 0.4
Chattisgarh
12 Panaji Goa 18 83 43 2 970 0.3
Uttar Pradesh,
13 Kanpur 80 8 90 20 680 0.2
Uttaranchal
Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19
Karnataka Udyog Mitra (KUM) implementation of SEZs under the Chairmanship
Karnataka Udyog Mitra (KUM) is a single of Chief Secretary, Govt. of Karnataka.
contact point for all investors who are looking at 7KH ÀVFDO SDFNDJH RI LQFHQWLYHV FRQFHVVLRQV
setting up enterprises/business in Karnataka. extended to SEZ developers and SEZ units
As a nodal agency, its role is to facilitate includes
investments & execute initiatives to enable a
x Exemption from State taxes for all purchases
smooth transition, from receiving an investment
from domestic tariff area excluding petroleum
proposal to the eventual implementation of the
products.
project.
x Exemption from stamp duty and electricity
It acts as a secretariat for State High Level duty.
Clearance Committee (SHLCC) chaired by
x &DSLWDOVXEVLG\IRUFRPPRQHIÁXHQWWUHDWPHQW
Hon’ble Chief Minister for projects above Rs.500
plant.
crores and State Level Single Window Clearance
Committee (SLSWCC) chaired by Minister for The Board of approval of SEZ constituted under
Large & Mega Industries for projects between SEZ Act 2005 has granted formal approvals for
Rs.15 to 500 crores. 61 SEZs in the State. SEZs numbering 28 are
operational in the State with an investment of
The details of projects cleared indicating the Rs.62,588.76 crores and generating employment
investment & employment to be generated by the for 3,03,875 persons. Currently there are 245
projects cleared by the State Level Single Window SEZ units functioning in these SEZs. The value of
Clearance Committee (SLSWCC). exports from these SEZs during the year 2017-18
Special Economic Zones (SEZs) accounted to Rs.73,386 crores.
In order to support the efforts of the Govt. of Karnataka Industrial Area Development
India in development and promotion of SEZs Board :
AND POWER
INDUSTRIES
in the State, the Government of Karnataka has
Karnataka Industrial Area Development
formulated a State policy for SEZs as per the
Board (KIADB) is a statutory body, playing an
Central SEZ Act 2005 & Rules 2006. The Policy
important role in development of industries in the
aims to provide a hassle-free environment for the
state. Since inception, the KIADB has developed
manufacturing & service sectors and to attract
166 Industrial Areas in 30 districts of the state
FDI. The salient features of the State Policy for
covering an area of about 59,757.90 acres. In all
SEZs are as below:
the industrial areas developed by KIADB, basic
x Single point clearance to SEZ developers and infrastructural facilities like internal roads,
units. water supply, power supply, street lights, common
x Acquisition of land on consent basis. facilities centres, buildings, housing and offsite
infrastructure like widening & improvement of
x To set up SEZs on waste, dry and single crop
approach roads etc., are provided.
land.
x Delegation of Labour Commissioner’s powers Govt. of Karnataka vide its order dtd.13-08-
to Development Commissioner-SEZ. 2007 and 13-05-2010 in order to facilitate land
x Monitoring and Review committee is constituted acquisition activities for industrial development,
391
to monitor and review the has introduced a land-sharing scheme to KIADB
acquired lands, where in about 9,583.00 Sq.ft. of developed land will be provided to the land owner
LQOLHXRIODQGFRPSHQVDWLRQÀ[HGIRURQHDFUHRIODQGDFTXLUHG$FKLHYHPHQWPDGHE\.,$'%IURP
2011-12 to 2018-19 are presented in Table 5.34.
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
Table 5.34 Achievements Made by KIADB from 2011-12 to 2018-19
2018-19
2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 (Upto Nov
Particulars Unit 2018)
Achievements
Land acquired Acres 7,723.25 10,012.20 5,497.47 5,922.50 1,733.80 1,192.95 2,618.00 2,386.30
Expenditure
Rs.in
incurred on 98,210.00 1,73,100.00 1,18,021.00 1,40,919.92 1,50,576.65 1,76,259.59 2,21,475.08 1,80,250.00
lakhs
acquisition
Expenditure
Rs.in
incurred on 15,575.00 31,260.00 52,894.00 36,758.08 54,644.57 45,655.23 57,972.66 40,786.55
lakhs
development
Total Rs.in
1,13,785.00 2,04,360.00 1,70,915.00 1,77,678.00 2,05,221.22 2,21,914.82 2,79,447.74 2,21,036.55
Expenditure lakhs
No.of
Nos. 458 481 369 241 451 517 938 389
Entrepreneurs
Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19
Karnataka State Small Industries Development Corporation (KSSIDC)
Karnataka State Small Industries Development Corporation Limited (KSSIDC) promotes the
development of Small Scale Industry (SSI) sector by providing Industrial Sheds, channels for Procurement
and Distribution of Raw Materials and Management Guidance to SSI entrepreneurs. The Corporation
has a network of 09 Raw Material Depots for the Distribution of required Raw Materials to MSME Units
in the State. It has also acquired lands in and around Bengaluru and also in other districts for the
construction of sheds and for the development of plots as per the demand from MSME units. The details
of Royalty collected, Raw Materials sold, Sheds constructed and Plots developed by the Corporation. For
more details see Table 5.35.
Table 5.35 Financial Performance of Karnataka State Small Industries Development
Corporation Limited
(Rs. In Lakh)
Year Total Income Total Expenditure 1HW3URÀWDIWHUtax
2012-13 13058.41 11290.88 1254.10
2013-14 11147.00 9579.00 1126.00
2014-15 11276.00 9270.00 1482.00
2015-16 10680.81 8107.12 1761.76
2016-17 8225.00 5955.00 1636.00
2017-18 6567.00 4518.00 1232.00
2018-19 (upto Nov.2018) 5363.05 3689.70 1006.13
Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19
Karnataka State Financial Corporation (KSFC)
Karnataka State Financial Corporation (KSFC) is a State Level Financial Institution established by
the State Government in the year 1959 under the provisions of SFCs Act, 1951 to cater to the long
WHUPÀQDQFLDOQHHGVRI0LFUR6PDOO 0HGLXP(QWHUSULVHV 060(V LQWKH6WDWHRI.DUQDWDND.6)&
takes pride being pioneer in serving MSMEs of industrial and service segments in the State for the past
59 years. The cumulative Gross Sanctions of the Corporation reached Rs.16,118.18 crore covering
1,72,451 cases as on 31.3.2018. Since inception upto the end of March 2018, 30,319 cases promoted
by Women Entrepreneurs were assisted to an extent of Rs. 3,614.72 crore, 21,120 cases promoted
by Scheduled Caste & Scheduled Tribe Entrepreneurs were assisted to an extent of Rs.1,555.78 crore
392 and Rs.1,224.54 crore was sanctioned to 19,125 cases promoted by Entrepreneurs belonging to the
Minority community.
Karnataka State Industrial Investment and Kempegowda International Airport on PPP
Development Corporation (KSIIDC) mode;
KSIIDC, established in 1964, has been greatly c) Development of Bengaluru Signature Business
instrumental in the industrialization of the Park;
State, especially in the large and medium sector. d) Development of a Sea Port at Tadadi on PPP
.6,,'& KDV VWRSSHG ÀQDQFLDO OHQGLQJ DFWLYLW\ mode;
since October 2002 onwards. At present, recovery
e) City Gas Distribution Project for Bengaluru;
of the past lending/advances and loans and
and
disinvestment of Equity are the main activity.
However, certain Investments as per the directions f) Development of Airstrips and Helipads.
of Government of Karnataka are being made from
Also, KSIIDC will continue to act as Nodal Agency
time to time.
RIWKH6WDWH*RYHUQPHQWLQUHVSHFWRIWKHVSHFLÀHG
KSIIDC continued its pro-active role in the projects assigned from time to time by the State
promotion of infrastructure projects on Public Government. In addition to the above activities in
Private Partnership model and its role as nodal the infrastructure sector, the following existing
agency for Bengaluru International Airport activities will be pursued.
Project. Duly noting the initiatives taken up by a. Thrust on loan recovery.
KSIIDC in the infrastructure sector, the name
was changed to “Karnataka State Industrial and b. Settlement of remaining loan accounts under
Infrastructure Development Corporation Limited” OTS.
with effect from November 22, 2010. c. Sale of primary assets taken over under section
29.
As the nodal agency of the State Government,
KSIIDC has initiated activities for the d. Recovery of advances through legal recourse
development of the following projects which will under SFC & other Acts.
be pursued for completion during 12th ÀYH \HDU %HVLGHV .6,,'& WKURXJK LWV -RLQW 9HQWXUH
plan. Company with IL & FS, Viz KSIIDC would extend
a) Expansion of the Bengaluru International advisory services for project development to the
Airport; Government Agencies for development of their
projects on PPP model. Performance of KSIIDC
b) Development of Bengaluru International
from 2014-15 to 2018-19 (upto November 2018)
Convention Centre adjacent to the
are given in Table 5.36.
Table 5.36 Performance of Karnataka State Industrial and Infrastructure Development
Corporation Limited from 2014-15 to 2018-19 (Upto November 2018)
Achievement Achievement Achievement 2018-19
AND POWER
INDUSTRIES
Assistance Achievement Target 2016-17 (Upto 2017-18 (Upto (Upto November
Unit November 2016) November 2017) 2018)
Sanctioned
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 (Provisional) (Provisional) (Provisional)
(Gross)
1. Sanctions:
a) Loan (Rs. in Crores) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
b) Equity (Rs. in Crores) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
c) Others (Rs. in Crores) 0.00 *5.00 **5.00 0.00 ***5.00
2.Disbursements:
a) Loan (Rs. in Crores) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
b) Equity (Rs. in Crores) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
c) Others 0.00 0.00 0.00 *1.5 ****1.60 0.00
3. Recovery: (Rs. in Crores) 14.87 26.13 32.46 14.28 6.88 15.31
6RXUFH (FRQRPLF6XUYH\RI.DUQDWDND 1RWH .6,,'&KDVVWRSSHGÀQDQFLDOOHQGLQJDFWLYLW\VLQFH2FWREHURQ-
wards. At present, recovery of the past lending/advances and loans and disinvestment of Equity are the main activity., * Others
6XEVFULSWLRQLQ6HPLFRQGXFWRU)XQG 2WKHUV 6XEVFULSWLRQLQ%LRWHFK)XQG 2WKHUV 6XEVFULSWLRQLQ.,79(1)XQG²
2WKHUV 6HPLFRQGXFWRU)XQG5VODNKV %LRWHFK)XQG5VODNKV 393
Department of Public Enterprises services. In keeping with their mandate, it is
Government of Karnataka had established the imperative that systems and structures be put in
Karnataka State Bureau of Public Enterprises SODFHWRHQKDQFHWKHLUHIÀFLHQF\VWUHDPOLQHWKHLU
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
in the year 1981. Later on, in the year 2002 this HIÀFDF\DQGRSWLPL]HWKHLURXWSXWWRHQDEOHWKHP
Bureau was converted as The Department of to cope with a highly competitive and fast changing
Disinvestment and Public Enterprises Reforms. environment. There is a need to benchmark
The main aim/object of this department is to take the PSUs and provide overall guidelines and
decisions in matters relating to disinvestment, a roadmap for PSUs to optimize their output
restructuring, amalgamation etc. In the year and mandated objectives. In this context, the
2005 Government had accorded independent Department of Public Enterprises is conducting
status to this department and re-named it as a Strategic Evaluation of the working of PSUs in
The Department of Public Enterprises. This Karnataka in order to prepare a Roadmap for the
department is vested with the responsibility of RSWLPL]DWLRQ RI WKHLU RSHUDWLRQDO HIÀFLHQF\ DQG
monitoring, regulatory, evaluatory and advisory effectiveness.
functions for the betterment of the Enterprises.
In order to update knowledge and skill,
Out of the 60 operating units, details of the the Department also conducts Management
SURÀWPDNLQJWRS6WDWHOHYHO3XEOLF(QWHUSULVHV Development and Training programmes to the
in Karnataka are given in Table 5.37. RIÀFHUV DQG RIÀFLDOV ZRUNLQJ LQ WKH 36(V ZKLFK
The 60 State Level Public Enterprises in aim at improving the performance in the areas
Karnataka are grouped into various sectors like RI SURGXFWLYLW\ PDUNHWLQJ ÀQDQFH +XPDQ
Agriculture, Horticulture, Animal Husbandry, resources, administration, industrial regulations,
Energy, Housing, Transport, Co-operation etc. environment and ecology, industrial safety etc.,
:KLOHPRUHWKDQ(QWHUSULVHVDUHSURÀWPDNLQJ through various recognized institutions.
ones, rest are experiencing loss. State Public Further, in order to recognize, motivate and
Sector Undertakings play a key role in the socio- appreciate the best performing Public Sector
economic development of the State. Their mandate
Enterprise, this Department gives Annual
is primarily development and welfare oriented
Chief Minister’s Ratna Award’ for the three best
with the objective of assisting the Government
performing Public Sector Enterprises, every year.
in better governance and to provide requisite
Table 5.37 Performance of Top 4 State Level Public Enterprises in Karnataka
Enterprise status as on 31-03-2018 Enterprise status as on 30-11-2018
Sl. Employ-
Invest- 3URÀW Invest- Employment 3URÀW(Rs.
No. Name of the Enterprise ment (Rs. ment ment (Rs
(Rs.In Lakh) (In Nos) in Lakh)
In Lak h) (In Nos) In Lakh)
Mysore Paints and Varnish 563.32 (PBT) 845.81(PBT)
1 103.65 46 47
Ltd. 397.29 (PAT) 103.65 Provisional)
Karnataka Soaps and
2 3,182.21 465 6,714.41 3,182.21 406 5416.69
Detergent Ltd.
3 Karnataka State seeds 374.89*
Corporation Ltd. 182 29.82 374.89 171 **
Karnataka State Beverages
4 1,200.00 422 2,296.65 1,200.00 399 1,882.04
Corporation Ltd.
Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19
Export from Karnataka
Karnataka has a long tradition of overseas trade. Historically, Karnataka has been a major exporter of
commodities like coffee, spices, silk, cashew nuts, handicrafts and agarbathis. In the last two decades,
the State has emerged as a major player in the export of electronic and computer software, engineering
goods, readymade garments, petrochemicals, gems and jewellery, agro and food processing products,
394 chemicals, minerals and ores, marine products, etc. Karnataka has carved out a niche for itself in
the global market place as the knowledge and and to arrange trade delegations/B2B meetings
technology capital of the Country. The State has for the promotion of trade.
made rapid and spectacular strides in the new x Dissemination of trade enquiries.
economy. Information technology, biotechnology
x To identify potential countries & products of
and research and development institutions have
the State for promotion of exports.
enhanced Karnataka’s achievements at national
and global levels. Karnataka accounts for more x To have in place, State policy initiatives and
than one third of electronics and computer prepare strategies for the sustained growth of
software exports from the country. It is also a exports.
leader in exports of readymade garments, gems x To encourage development of skilled manpower
and jewellery, petrochemicals and engineering for the use of Industry and Trade.
commodities from Southern Region.
Karnataka’s exports as a percentage of GSDP
Export performance of Karnataka has a fairly large share and has also increased
Karnataka ranks 1st in software/service exports VLJQLÀFDQWO\RYHUWKHSHULRG
and stands 4th in merchandise exports in the
Karnataka’s exports amounted to about
national export basket. Karnataka is in the
Rs.5,45,780 crore in 2017-18 which constituted
processes of establishing a continuous database on
about 18.05 per cent of the Country’s exports in
exports among the states in India. Visvesvaraya
that year. The share of merchandise exports in
Trade Promotion Centre (VTPC) under the aegis
the National exports constitutes around 6 per
of Department of Industries and Commerce
cent and software/service exports around 39 per
RI WKH *RYHUQPHQW RI .DUQDWDND LV WKH RIÀFLDO
cent for the year 2017-18.
institution for compilation and publication of
the export data by 19 commodities from Director Exports of electronics and computer software and
General of Commercial Intelligence and Statistics, other service sector constitute the largest share in
Kolkata. the State’s exports. Its share was of the order of
39 per cent in 2017-18. The other commodities
Vision
which have substantial share in Karnataka’s
To place Karnataka in the forefront of India’s
exports in 2017-18 as compared to 2016-17 are
International Trade.
petroleum products (30 per cent), manganese
Mission ore (85 per cent), leather products (40 per cent),
To create an environment by strengthening the Marine products (20 per cent) and coffee (12 per
infrastructure and facilitate sustained growth 25 cent). The exports where in it showed decline as
per cent (in $ terms) in National Exports by 2022 FRPSDUHGWRDUH*HPVDQG-HZHO SHU
and to substantially increase the present cent). This was due to the ban imposed by GOI on
exports in tune with National Foreign Trade 22 carat and above gold medallion export where
AND POWER
INDUSTRIES
Policy 2015-2020. Karnataka was strong. This is the main reason
for not having increase in overall export as Gems
Strategies DQG-HZHOVHFWRU6LON SHUFHQW
x To facilitate the sustained growth of exports in
the State. Karnataka’s exports were Rs.3,24,081.12 crore
during the period of April-Sept 2018. Export of
x To upgrade/strengthen the critical
electronics and software constitutes the largest
infrastructure required at the point of
share in the State’s exports. The other commodities
production and at the point of evacuation.
ZLWK VLJQLÀFDQW VKDUH LQ H[SRUWV LQ
x To create awareness and conduct programmes (up to Sept 2018) are Engineering products,
for the development and promotion of exports. Readymade garments and Basic Chemicals and
x To facilitate addressing of issues/bottlenecks Pharmaceuticals.
those are hindering the growth of exports.
Higher export performance is an important
x To foster a healthy liaison/constant determinant of increasing degree of openness to
coordination with Trade Promotion Agencies export trade. Degree of openness is measured by
& Trade Promotion Councils. the ratio of value of exports to GDP at National
x To participate in the International Exhibitions level and by the ratio of value of exports to GSDP 395
at the State level. This is remarkably higher than that of all India (at about 10 per cent). Increasing
degree of openness to trade is an indicator of economic globalization. From this viewpoint, the levels
of Karnataka’s economic globalisation have been higher than at all India level. [As shown in the Table
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
5.38.
Table 5.38 Export Performance of Karnataka
9DOXHLQ5VFURUH
Sl. 2018-19
Commodity 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18
No. (Apr-Sept)
1 Electronics and Computer Software 3,85,440.00 4,19,112.68 4,29,342.77 2,65,000.30
2 Readymade Garments 14,427.00 14,546.27 15,169.76 7,868.55
3 Petroleum 11,934.00 11,459.95 14,419.17 12,036.50
4 Engineering 20,472.00 33,275.54 37,718.25 15,857.05
5 Iron Ore and Minerals 804.00 910.70 1,734.28 1,103.24
6 Silk Product 478.00 379.08 303.92 163.32
7 Coffee 3,096.00 3,284.48 3,708.81 1,847.13
8 Basic Chemicals, Pharmaceuticals and Cosmetics 10,828.00 12,910.05 14,384.15 6,523.32
9 Agriculture and Processed food including seeds and beverages 5,177.00 4,211.37 4,217.59 2,049.50
10 Gems and Jewelry 32,983.00 35,154.67 10,235.83 356.90
11 Cashew and Cashew Kernals 719.00 1,007.41 1,215.31 387.30
12 Handicrafts 1,253.00 1,114.69 1,089.28 705.40
13 Leather Products 355.00 370.92 521.81 298.10
14 Chemicals and Allied Products 480.00 518.72 548.19 378.05
15 Marine Products 764.00 1,052.16 1,211.18 628.10
16 Plastic Goods 783.00 892.65 987.43 689.20
17 Spices 323.00 318.42 329.79 340.44
18 Wool and Woolen Products 6.00 1.00 6.90 0.82
19 Others 20,710.00 8,369.90 8,635.91 7,847.90
Total 5,11,032.00 5,48,890.66 5,45,780.33 3,24,081.12
Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19
Karnataka Industrial Policy 2009-14 readdress the serious issue of regional imbalances
Karnataka is one amongst the industrially in development.
developed States in the Country. The State has
The State Government realizes the limitation
all potential to stand out on the forefront and has
of agriculture sector to generate large scale
been focusing on development of industries, trade
employment to the local youths. About 56 per cent
and service sectors.
of the State’s workforce is estimated to contribute
The State Government understands that 19.13 per cent of the GSDP. It is the agreed fact
the challenges poised due to global economic that, the manufacturing sector has high potential
recession have to be addressed to promote to create maximum employment that too, to all
economic growth of the State. A stimulus to boost sections and levels of job aspirants.
economic activities needs to be given to sustain
In order to provide enabling environment for
the current pace of overall development. Further,
investors, the State government has already
the State is endowed with rich natural resources
enacted Karnataka Industries (Facilitation)
across the State and such resources need to be
Act, 2002. Due to the progressive measures
RSWLPDOO\XWLOL]HGIRUWKHEHQHÀWRIORFDOSHRSOH
and pro-active mind set of the Government,
Value addition to resources is one of the ways today, Karnataka has been recognized as one of
of optimizing the wealth available locally. This will the preferred investment destinations both for
also help to ensure uniform spread of industries domestic and overseas investors.
and economic activities throughout the State and
The State Government has introduced Industrial
will accelerate the pace of development especially
Policy 2006-11 with an aim to increase the growth
396 in the districts of North Karnataka. Through
of GDP, strengthen manufacturing industries,
these measures, the Government would be able to
increase share of exports from Karnataka, to the manufacturing sector has given its valuable
generate additional employment of at least 10 lakh recommendations and suggestions.
persons in the manufacturing and service sectors,
It is in this context that the State Government
reduce regional imbalance and ultimately aim at is desirous of formulating a new Industrial Policy
overall socio-economic development of the State. to be in alignment with the objectives and goals of
In the meantime, the Government of India the National Manufacturing Policy 2011 and the
recommendations of Karnataka Manufacturing
enacted Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises
Task Force (MTF) which would enable smooth
Development Act, 2006 and requested
WUDQVLWLRQ RI SROLF\ PHDVXUHV IRU WKH EHQHÀW RI
all the States to provide required support investors in the State.
and encouragement to make MSMEs more
competitive. In order to make the State more Industrial Policy 2014-19
attractive and investor friendly, there was Vision
a need to focus more on inclusive industrial To build a prosperous Karnataka through
inclusive, sustainable and balanced industrial
development, comprehensive HRD programmes,
development thereby creating large employment
special attention towards development of sector
opportunities.
VSHFLÀF ]RQHV FODVVLÀFDWLRQ RI WDOXNV DFFRUGLQJ
to Dr.D.M. Nanjundappa Committee Report, Mission
attractive package of incentives and concessions, x To make Karnataka as preferred destination
for industrial investment with special focus on
encouragement for existing industries to take up
manufacturing sector.
H[SDQVLRQPRGHUQL]DWLRQDQGGLYHUVLÀFDWLRQHWF
The State also understands the need to provide x To provide opportunities across the State for
industrial development and enable scope for
stimulus measures for industries to combat the
large scale local employment through private
SUHYDLOLQJ ÀQDQFLDO FULVLV .HHSLQJ WKHVH SRLQWV
sector.
in view, the State intends to formulate a new
x To develop human capital to meet the needs of
Industrial Policy with a determination to provide
industry.
OHYHO SOD\LQJ ÀHOG WR DOO LQYHVWRUV 7KLV SROLF\
is framed with the broad guiding principles of x To create conducive environment for optimal
utilization of natural resources for sustainable
creation of employment, development of backward
industrial development.
regions and value addition to local resources.
Objectives
Need for New Industrial Policy x To maintain an industrial growth rate of 12 per
The State Government now intends to consolidate cent per annum.
the strategies and achievements made so far by x To enhance the contribution of manufacturing
providing adequate infrastructure support with sector to the State. GDP from present level of
attractive enhanced incentives and improved 16.87 per cent to 20 per cent by end of policy
facilitation mechanism coupled with governance period.
AND POWER
INDUSTRIES
reforms. x To attract investment of Rs.5 lakh crore.
Government of India has come out with the x To create employment opportunities for Rs.15
National Manufacturing Policy in 2011 with the lakh persons.
objective of accelerated development, inclusive x To create an environment to enhance ease of
growth and provision of gainful employment. The doing business in the State.
policy aims to enhance share of manufacturing in Strategies
GDP to 25 per cent within a decade and create 100 x Creation of quality infrastructure with
million jobs with appropriate skill sets, increase comprehensive facilities.
the depth in manufacturing and enhance global x Human resource development through
competitiveness. capacity building and skill up gradation.
The Karnataka Manufacturing Task Force (MTF) x Facilitation mechanism and procedural
constituted by the State Government to study the reforms.
manufacturing sector in Karnataka and suggest x &ODVVLÀFDWLRQRIWDOXNV
interventions to drive growth in the sector in x Encouragement for industrial development in
a sustainable and holistic manner, taking into Hyderabad Karnataka Area. 397
account global trends and existing challenges in
x Promotion of MSMEs. x Each industrial area will be formed on
x Special thrust for encouraging SC/ST commercial viability basis with proper access,
entrepreneurs. adequate water, power and other essential
KARNATAKA
facilities. Plots will be allotted only after
HAND BOOK OF
x Encouragement to Women entrepreneurs.
complete development of the industrial area.
x Encouragement to Minorities, Backward
classes, Physically challenged persons, Ex- x It is proposed to reserve 10 per cent of
servicemen entrepreneurs. the land area for promotion of supporting
social infrastructure like housing, service
x Encouragement to Non Resident Kannadigas
apartments, hospitals, shopping complexes,
(NRKs).
restaurants, etc., in all future KIADB industrial
x Encouragement for export promotion. areas of over 1,000 acres.
x Encouragements to units adopting energy
x Priority will be given in land allotment for power
HIÀFLHQF\PHDVXUHV
generating units within KIADB industrial areas.
x Encouragements to renewable energy projects.
x Land requirement of the projects will be
x Encouragements for adoption of green and
audited by Government before approval to
clean practices.
ensure optimal utilization of available land.
x Support for R & D and Digital Direct
Manufacturing. x Industrial land by KIADB henceforth shall be
allotted to the project proponents only on 99
x Intellectual property rights initiatives.
\HDUVOHDVHEDVLVZLWKDGHTXDWHÁH[LELOLW\
x Promotion of investment and trade.
x KIADB will supply treated water to industrial
x Encouragement for anchor industries.
areas for industrial use. Suitable arrangements
x Incentives and concessions for Large, Mega, will also be made by KIADB for supply of
Ultra Mega, Super Mega enterprises. potable water.
x Focused manufacturing industries.
x KPTCL will take up power sub-stations of
x Budget Support. suitable capacities in various existing and
Policy Measures proposed KIADB industrial areas funded by
Creation of quality infrastructure with the State Government or the cost to be built up
comprehensive facilities. through tariff.
Establishment of new industrial areas through x All industrial feeders of 33KV / 66KV / 11OKV
KIADB / 220KV shall be treated as express feeders
with 24/7 power supply.
x Readily available and adequate extent of land
x KIADB will make available the updated
is a pre-requisite for industrial development.
information about the availability of land/plots
The State would focus more on making
to public through their website.
available allottable industrial lands with
comprehensive infrastructure facilities to the x It is proposed to acquire about 40,000 acres of
project proponents across the State. land across the State for industrial requirements
during the policy period by KIADB. The land
x The guidelines of ‘The Right to Fair
would be acquired in a phased manner at the
Compensation and Transparency in Land
rate about 8,000 acres of land (including SUC5)
Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement
every year for allotment to industries.
Act 2013’ promulgated by Government of
India will be followed while acquiring land for x To meet the fund requirements, KIADB will
industrial purpose. Due care will be taken create a corpus fund on revolving basis which
to ensure that only waste, barren, kharab, ZLOOEHVWUXFWXUHGVRWKDWLWLVÀQDQFLDOO\YLDEOH
dry and single crop lands are acquired for on its own and remains self- sustaining.
industrial purposes.
Establishment of Industrial Corridors
x KIADB will make provisions for providing at x Chennai-Bengaluru-Chitradurga Industrial
least one employment per land loser family Corridor (CBCIC) and Bengaluru-Mumbai
while acquiring land for industries as far as Economic Corridor (BMEC) would be
398 possible. expedited on the lines of Delhi-Mumbai
Industrial Corridor (DMIC) with the support Bengaluru to be included as an important
of Government of India. To trigger industrial component of CBCIC project.
growth along the corridors, it is proposed to &ODVVLÀFDWLRQRI7DOXNVLQWR=RQHV
XWLOL]H WKH WHFKQLFDO DQG ÀQDQFLDO DVVLVWDQFH x The vision statement of this policy is to
DYDLODEOH WKURXJK -DSDQ ,QWHUQDWLRQDO &R build a prosperous Karnataka through
RSHUDWLRQ$JHQF\ -,&$ inclusive, sustainable and balanced industrial
x Further, State will also explore the option development. An analysis of investments
of setting up of following State Industrial made by the industries in various taluks
&RUULGRUV 6,& IRU EHQHÀWWLQJ EDFNZDUG of the State with respect to their population
districts and leading to sustainable industrial reveals that many of the taluks are industrially
development along the length and breadth of backward.
the State. x Focused effort is needed for dispersal of the
industries to the industrially backward taluks
i. %HQJDOXUX0DQG\D0\VXUX to realize this vision. Considering the average
&KDPDUDMDQJDU per capita industrial investment and per
ii. &KLWUDGXUJD%DOODUL.DODEXUDJL%LGDU capita employment in the taluks, the taluks
iii. 'KDUZDG.RSSDO5DLFKXU DUHFODVVLÀHGLQWRGLIIHUHQW]RQHV
iv. %HQJDOXUX+DVVDQ0DQJDOXUX x Keeping in view the carving out of a separate
v. &KLWUDGXUJD+DYHUL.DUZDU Hyderabad Karnataka region as per the
vi. 7XPDNXUX6KLYDPRJJD+RQQDYDU SURYLVLRQVRI$UWLFOH - WKH6WDWHKDVEHHQ
FODVVLÀHG LQWR WZR DUHDV QDPHO\ +\GHUDEDG
vii. 5DLFKXU%DJDONRW%HODJDYL
Karnataka Area and other than Hyderabad
x Bengaluru-Mandya-Mysuru-Chamarajanagar Karnataka Area.
corridor is suitable for establishment of x In order to create a strong industrial base with
Knowledge based industries corridor. equitable allocation of funds and for overall
x Government of India has accorded in principal development of the State the taluks are grouped
approval for establishment of four National with separate incentives and concessions in
Investment and Manufacturing Zone (NIMZs) different zones as below:
at Tumakuru, Kolar, Kalaburagi and Bidar i. +\GHUDEDG .DUQDWDND $UHD LV FODVVLÀHG
Districts. These NIMZs or the Industrial into two Zones namely HK Zone 1 and HK
Nodesat these locations along the CBCIC/SIC Zone 2.
will be the engines of growth for manufacturing
ii. Likewise taluks in other than Hyderabad
sector.
.DUQDWDND $UHD DUH FODVVLÀHG LQWR IRXU
x NIMZs will be developed through Special Zones namely Zone 1, Zone 2, Zone 3 &
Purpose Vehicles (SPVs) as per the guidelines Zone 4.
AND POWER
INDUSTRIES
of National Manufacturing Policy, Government iii. Most backward taluks are in Zone 1, more
of India. State Government will support these backward taluks in Zone 2, backward
SPVs through equity participation (not more taluks in zone 3 and industrially developed
than Z 500 crore per NIMZ). State will pass taluks in Zone 4. In Hyderabad Karnataka
required legislations to empower the SPVs to Area, most backward taluks are in HK
discharge their duties. Zone 1, more backward taluks are in HK
x PPP route will be encouraged to bring Zone 2.
in additional private investments into iv. Keeping in view the rapid urbanization,
development of industrial infrastructure potential for industrial development and
including roads, watersupply, power and dispersal of industries to tier II cities, taluks
ports. like Mysuru, Mangaluru, Tumakuru,
Nanjangud, Hubballi-Dharwad and
x State Government to maximize utilization of Belagavi are brought under Zone 3.
Mangaluru port capacity and develop Tadadi
v. TheFODVVLÀFDWLRQVRIWKHWDOXNVDUHJLYHQ
port into an all weather port. Upgradation
of new Mangaluru port and establishing below:
connectivity with NIMZ Tumakuru and 399
HAND BOOK OF
400
KARNATAKA
The Classifications of the Taluks are Give below
Hyderabad Karnataka
Sl. Other than Hyderabad Karnataka Area taluks
Total Area taluks
No. Districts
No. of Taluks
HK Zone 1 HK Zone 2 Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 4
- - - - - Anekal
- - - - - Bengaluru (N)
1 Bengaluru (U) 4
- - - - - Bengaluru (S)
- - - - - Bengaluru (E)
- - - - - Devanahalli
- - - - - D’ballapura
2 Bengaluru (R) 4
- - - - - Hoskote
- - - - - Nelamangala
- - - - Magadi Ramanagara
3 Ramanagar 4 - - - - Channapattana -
- - - - Kanakapura -
- - - Hiriyur - -
- - - Molkalmuru - -
4 Chitradurga 6
- - Holalkere Chitradurga - -
- - - Hosadurga Challakere -
- - Channagiri Honnali Davanagere -
5 Davanagere 6 - - -DJDOXU - Harihar -
- - H P Halli - - -
- - Gudibande Chintamani Gowribidanur -
Chikka-
6 6
ballapura
- - Bagepalli Chikkaballapura Sidlaghatta -
- - Mulbagal - Kolar -
7 Kolar 5 - - Srinivasapura - Bangarpet -
- - - - Malur -
- - Soraba Hosanagara Shivamogga -
- - - - Bhadravathi -
8 Shivamogga 7 - - - - Sagar -
- - - - Shikaripura -
- - - - Thirthahalli -
- - - Madhugiri Tumakuru -
- - - - Turuvekere -
- - - Koratagere Tiptur -
9 Tumakuru 10
Chikkanaya
- - - Gubbi -
kanahalli
- - - Sira Kunigal -
- - - Pavagada - -
- - Yelandur chamarajanagar - -
Chamara-
10 4
janagar
- - Gundlupet Kollegal - -
- - - Kadur Chikkamagaluru -
- - - Mudigere Shringeri -
Chikkamaga-
11 7
luru
- - - Tarikere Koppa -
- - - - N R Pura -
AND POWER
401
INDUSTRIES
HAND BOOK OF
402
KARNATAKA
- - - - Mangaluru -
- - - Bantwal Puttur -
12 Mangaluru 5
- - - - Sulya -
- - - - Belthangadi -
- - Arakalgud Arasikere Hassan -
- - Belur C R Patna Sakleshpura -
13 Hassan 8
- - - H N Pura - -
- - - Alur - -
- - Virajpet Madikeri - -
14 Kodagu 3
- - - Somwarpet - -
- - Malavalli Srirangapatna Mandya -
- - - Nagamangala Maddur -
15 Mandya 7
- - - K R pet - -
- - - Pandavapura - -
- - - - Mysuru -
- - Periyapatna Hunsur Nanjangud -
16 Mysuru 7
- - H D Kote T N Pura - -
- - - K R Nagara - -
- - - - Udupi -
17 Udupi 3 - - - - Kundapura -
- - - - Karkala -
- - - Bilagi Bagalkot -
- - - Badami Mudhol -
18 Bagalkot 6
- - - - -DPNKDQGL -
- - - - Hunagund -
- - - - Belagavi -
- - - Bailhongal Athani -
- - - Soundathi Hukkeri -
19 Belagavi 10
- - - Chikkodi Gokak -
- - - Raibag Khanapur -
- - - - Ramdurg -
- - Muddebihal Sindgi - -
20 Vijayapura 5 - - B Bagewadi Indi - -
- - - Vijayapura - -
- - - - Dharwad -
- - - - Hubbali -
21 Dharwad 5
- - - Navalgund Kalghatagi -
- - - - kundaghol -
- - Nargund Mundargi Gadag -
22 Gadag 5
- - Ron - Shirahatti -
- - Hirekerur Savanur Ranebennur -
7
23 Haveri - - Hanagal Shiggaon Byadagi -
- - - Haveri -
- - - Honnavar Karwar -
- - - Sirsi Haliyal -
- - - Mundagod Supa -
Uttara
24 11
Kannada
- - - Yellapura Bhatkal -
- - - Siddapura Ankola -
- - - Kumta -
AND POWER
403
INDUSTRIES
HAND BOOK OF
404
KARNATAKA
H B Halli Ballari - - - -
Hadagalli Hospet - - - -
25 Ballari 7
Kudligi Sandur - - - -
- Siraguppa - - - -
Bhalki Bidar - - - -
Humnabad - - - - -
26 Bidar 5
Basava
- - - - -
Kalyan
Aurad - - - - -
Kalaburagi Sedam - - - -
Afzalpur Chittapur - - - -
27 Kalaburagi 7
Aland Chincholi - - - -
-HZDUJL - - - - -
Yadgir - - - - -
28 Yadgir 3 Shahapur - - - - -
Shorapur - - - - -
Kushtagi Koppal - - - -
29 Koppal 4
Ganga-
Yelburga - - - -
vathi
Sindhanur Raichur - - - -
Manvi - - - - -
30 Raichur 5
Lingasugur - - - - -
Devadurga - - - - -
Total 176 20 11 23 51 62 9
6RXUFH ,QGXVWULDO3ROLF\
Encouragement for Industrial Development Zone 2: 20 per cent Value of Fixed Assets (VFA)
in Hyderabad Karnataka Area (max. Rs.12 lakh)
Leveraging on the Article 371 (j) status for Zone 3: 15 per cent Value of Fixed Assets (VFA)
Hyderabad Karnataka Area and to create a strong (max* Rs.9 lakh)
industrial base, special incentives are proposed Zone 4: Nil
for the region with equitable allocation of funds
ii) Hyderabad Karnataka Area
for overall development and to provide equitable
HK Zone 1: 30 per cent Value of Fixed Assets (VFA)
opportunities and facilities for the people of the
(max. Rs.18 lakh)
region as below:
HK Zone 2: 25 per cent Value of Fixed Assets (VFA)
i. Depending on average per capita industrial (max. Rs.15 lakh)
investment and per capita employment in b) Small Enterprises
industries taluks of Hyderabad Karnataka i) Other than Hyderabad Karnataka Area
$UHD DUH FODVVLÀHG LQWR WZR ]RQHV QDPHO\ +.
Zone 1: 20 per cent Value of Fixed Assets (VFA)
Zone 1 and HK Zone 2.
(max. Rs. 40 lakh)
ii. Hyderabad Karnataka Area will get additional Zone 2: 15 per cent Value of Fixed Assets (VFA)
incentives and concessions over and above the (max. Rs. 30 lakh)
standard package.
Zone 3: 10 per cent Value of Fixed Assets (VFA)
iii. The State Government will prevail upon (max. Rs. 20 lakh)
the Central Government to offer incentives Zone 4: Nil
such as excise duty exemption; income tax
ii) Hyderabad Karnataka Area
exemption etc, to Hyderabad Karnataka Area
HK Zone l: 25 per cent Value of Fixed Assets (VFA)
as being offered to Seemandhra as Hyderabad
(max. Rs. 45 lakh)
Karnataka Area is also declared as a backward
HK Zone 2: 20 per cent Value of Fixed Assets(VFA)
region and it needs special focus with funds for
(max. Rs. 40 lakh)
development of the region.
c) Medium Manufacturing Enterprises (as
Facilitation GHÀQHG LQ 060( $FW DQG WKRVH ZKR SURYLGH
x Amendments to Industrial Facilitation Act minimum of 25 direct employment)
2002 were brought in to give more powers to
i) Other than Hyderabad Karnataka Area
the District and State Level Single Window
Zone 1 :Rs. 50 lakh
Clearance Committees (DLSWCC/SLSWCC).
Zone 2 :Rs. 40 lakh
x (8G\DPL DQ RQOLQH DSSOLFDWLRQ ÀOLQJ
Zone 3 :Rs. 30 lakh
and monitoring system was introduced in
Karnataka Udyoga Mitra. Zone 4 : Nil
AND POWER
INDUSTRIES
ii) Hyderabad Karnataka Area
x To sort out various issues faced by Industries,
Kaigarika Adalats were conducted at District HK Zone 1: Rs 55 lakh
and Divisional level. HK Zone 2 :Rs 50 lakh
x To showcase investment opportunities in the B) Exemption from Stamp Duty
State, Global Investors Meet (GIM) 2010 and MSMEs:
GIM 2012 were conducted successfully. Stamp duty to be paid in respect of (i) loan
agreements, credit deeds, mortgage and
Incentives and Concessions to MSMEs
hypothecation deeds executed for availing
Promoted By General Category Entrepreneurs
loans from State Government including VAT
Details of incentives and concessions to MSMEs
loan from C & I Department and/or State
are as under:
Financial Corporation, National Level Financial
A) Investment Promotion Subsidy Institutions, Commercial Banks, RRBs, Co-
a) Micro Enterprises operative Banks, KVIB/KVIC, Karnataka State
i) Other than Hyderabad Karnataka Area SC/ST Development Corporation, Karnataka
Zone 1: 25 per cent Value of Fixed Assets (VFA) State Minority Development Corporation and
(max. Rs.15 lakh) RWKHU LQVWLWXWLRQV ZKLFK PD\ EH QRWLÀHG E\ WKH 405
Government from time to time for the initial ii) Hyderabad Karnataka Area
SHULRG RI ÀYH \HDUV RQO\ DQG LL IRU OHDVH GHHGV HK Zone 1: 100 per cent
lease-cum-sale and absolute sale deeds executed HK Zone 2: 100 per cent
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
by industrial enterprises in respect of industrial
plots, sheds, industrial tenements by KIADB, E) Exemption From Entry Tax
KSSIDC, KEONICS, Industrial Co-operatives MSMEs in Zone 1, 2 & 3 and HK Zone 1 & 2 are
and approved private industrial estates shall be eligible for 100 per cent exemption from payment
exempted as below: of Entry Tax on ‘Plant & Machinery and Capital
Goods’ for an initial period of three years from the
i) Other than Hyderabad Karnataka Area
date of commencement of project implementation.
Zone 1: 100 per cent
For this purpose, the term Plant & Machinery and
Zone 2: 100 per cent
Capital Goods also includes Plant & Machinery
Zone 3: 75 per cent
and Equipments procured for captive generation
Zone 4: Nil
of electricity.
ii) Hyderabad Karnataka Area
On raw materials, inputs, component parts &
HK Zone 1: 100 per cent
consumables (excluding petroleum products)
HK Zone 2: 100 per cent
>ZKHUHYHU DSSOLFDEOH@ IRU D SHULRG RI ÀYH \HDUV
C) Concessional Registration Charges from the date of commencement of commercial
MSMEs: production.
For all loan documents, lease deeds and sale deeds
F) Interest Subsidy for Micro Enterprises
DV VSHFLÀHG LQ % DERYH WKH UHJLVWUDWLRQ FKDUJHV
Interest subsidy of 5 per cent per annum on
shall be at a concessional rate of < 1 per Rs.1000.
term loans will be provided to Micro enterprises.
Note: 7KLV LQWHUHVW VXEVLG\ LV SD\DEOH WR ÀQDQFLDO
i) The exemption of stamp duty and concessional institutions on behalf of the enterprise only if the
registration charges are also applicable to lands enterprise has not defaulted in payment of either
purchased under Section 109 of the KLR Act, principle or interest instalments. The amount of
1961 and also for direct purchase of industrially interest subsidy will be effective rate of interest
converted lands for the projects approved by (after deducting interest subsidy receivable by
SLSWCC / DLSWCC. This incentive will also be any institutions under any Government of India
applicable for the land transferred by KIADB to scheme) or 5 per cent per annum whichever is
land owners as compensation for the acquired less. The period of interest subsidy is six years,
land. ÀYH\HDUVDQGIRXU\HDUVLQRWKHUWKDQ+.=RQHO
ii) The exemption of stamp duty and concessional Zone 2, Zone 3 and seven years and six years in
registration charges are also available for HK Zone 1 & HK Zone 2 respectively.
UHJLVWUDWLRQ RI ÀQDO VDOH GHHG LQ UHVSHFW RI
G) Exemption from Tax on Electricity Tariff
lands, sheds, plots, industrial tenements after
Micro, Small & Medium Manufacturing
WKHH[SLU\RIOHDVHSHULRGDWWKHUDWHDVVSHFLÀHG
Enterprises
in the Industrial Policy which was in vogue at
the time of execution of lease-cum-sale deed. 100 per cent exemption of tax on electricity tariff
IRUWKHLQLWLDOSHULRGRIVL[\HDUVÀYH\HDUVIRXU
D) Reimbursement of Land Conversion Fee years, seven years and six years in Zone 1, Zone
MSMEs: 2, Zone 3, HK Zone 1 & HK Zone 2 respectively.
The payment of land conversion fee for converting
the land from agriculture use to industrial use H) Technology upgradation, Quality
will be reimbursed as detailed below: &HUWLÀFDWLRQ0LFUR6PDOO 0HGLXP
Manufacturing Enterprises
i) Other than Hyderabad Karnataka Area i) Interest Subsidy on Technology Upgradation
Zone 1 : 100 per cent Loan:
Zone 2 : 100 per cent Zone 1, 2, 3 & HK Zone 1 & 2 : 5 per cent on
Zone 3 : 75 per cent loans availed from KSFC & Scheduled commercial
406 Zone 4 : Nil banks which are not covered under CLCSS of GOI.
LL ,626HULHV&HUWLÀFDWLRQ incubation centres and skill development centres
for SC/ ST- MSME entrepreneurs.
Zone 1, 2, 3 & HK Zone 1 & 2 : 75 per cent of cost
(max. Rs. 75,000). iv) Trained entrepreneurs by Centre for
Entrepreneurship Development of Karnataka
iii) %,6&HUWLÀFDWLRQ
(CEDOK) or recognized training institutions will
50 per cent offees payable to BIS (max. Rs.
be provided with low interest start up loans (with
20,000) and 25 per cent of cost (max. Rs. 50,000)
LQWHUHVWVXEVLG\ DQGÁH[LEOHUHSD\PHQWVFKHGXOH
for purchase of testing equipments as approved
by BIS. v) State to introduce Entrepreneurship
Development Programmes exclusively for
iv) Technology Adoption:
prospective SC/ST entrepreneurs.
25 per cent of cost (max. Rs. 50,000) for adopting
technology from recognized national laboratories. vi) Special package of incentives and concessions
offered to MSMEs promoted by SC/ST
v) Technology Business Incubation Centre:
entrepreneurs are as under.
25 per cent ofthe cost (max: Rs. 50 lakh).
A) Investment Promotion Subsidy
vi) Recycling of electronic waste and plastic
a) Micro Enterprises
waste:
Additional investment promotion subsidy of 5 per i) Other than Hyderabad Karnataka Area
cent with a ceiling limit of Rs.10 1akh in Zone Zone 1:30 per cent Value of Fixed Assets (VFA)
1,2,3 and HK Zone 1 and 2. (max. Rs. 18 lakh)
I) Energy Conservation 35 per cent Value of Fixed Assets (VFA) (max.
Micro, Small & Medium Manufacturing Rs. 20 lakh) - In respect of SC/ ST women
Enterprises in all Zones. entrepreneurs.
Practicing Energy Conservation measures
Zone 2:25 per cent Value of Fixed Assets (VFA)
resulting in reduction of Energy Consumption of
(max. Rs. 15 lakh) 30 per cent Value of Fixed
at least 10 per cent of earlier consumption: 10 per
Assets (VFA) (max. Rs.18 lakh)-In respect of SC/
cent of capital cost (max Rs.5 lakh).
ST women entrepreneurs.
Use Of non-conventional energy sources: 10 per
Zone 3:20 per cent Value of Fixed Assets (VFA)
cent of capital cost (max. Rs. 5 lakh)
(max. Rs.12 lakh) 25 per cent Value of Fixed
Subsidy of Rs. 0.50 per unit of Captive Power Assets (VFA) (max. Rs.15 lakh) - In respect of SC/
Generated and consumed through Solar & Wind ST women entrepreneurs.
Energy sources only.
Zone 4:10 per cent Value of Fixed Assets (VFA)
Special thrust for encouraging SC/ST (max. Rs.8 lakh) 15 per cent Value of Fixed Assets
AND POWER
INDUSTRIES
entrepreneurs. (VFA) (max. Rs.12 lakh) - In respect of SC/ ST
With a view to encourage enterprise creation women entrepreneurs.
and industrial capacity building in SC/ST
ii) Hyderabad Karnataka Area
entrepreneurs, units established either as a
HK Zone 1: 35 per cent Value of Fixed Assets
SURSULHWDU\FRQFHUQRUDSDUWQHUVKLSÀUPSULYDWH
(VFA) (max. Rs.20 lakh) 40 per cent Value of Fixed
limited company where in all the partners or
Assets (VFA) (max. Rs.22 lakh)-In respect of SC/
directors belong to SC / ST community, following
ST women entrepreneurs.
initiatives are proposed.
HK Zone 2: 30 per cent Value of Fixed Assets
i) KIADB and KSSIDC will be directed to reserve
(VFA) (max. Rs.18 lakh) 35 per cent Value of Fixed
22.5 per cent of the allottable land/shed for SC/
Assets (VFA) (max. Rs.20 lakh)-in respect of SC/
ST entrepreneurs in all the future industrial
ST women entrepreneurs.
areas/estates. Separate guidelines will be issued.
b) Small Enterprises
ii) KIADB and KSSIDC to allot land and shed at
i) Other than Hyderabad Karnataka Area
subsidised rates.
Zone 1: 25 per cent Value of Fixed Assets (VFA)
(max. Rs. 45 lakh ) 407
iii) Reservation of space in Government funded
30 per cent Value of Fixed Assets (VFA) (max. from State Government including VAT loan
Rs.50 lakh) - In respect of SC/ ST women from C&I Department and/or State Financial
entrepreneurs. Corporation, National Level Financial Institutions,
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
Commercial Banks, RRBs, Co-operative Banks,
Zone 2: 20 per cent Value of Fixed Assets (VFA)
KVIB/KVIC, Karnataka State SC/ST.
(max. Rs. 35 lakh) 25 per cent Value of Fixed
Assets (VFA) (max. Rs. 40 lakh)-In respect of SC/ Development Corporation, and other institutions
ST women entrepreneurs. ZKLFK PD\ EH QRWLÀHG E\ WKH *RYHUQPHQW IURP
Zone 3: 15 per cent Value of Fixed Assets (VFA) WLPH WR WLPH IRU WKH LQLWLDO SHULRG RI ÀYH \HDUV
(max. Rs.25 lakh) 20 per cent Value of Fixed only and (ii) for lease deeds, lease-cum-sale
Assets (VFA) (max. Rs. 30 lakh)-In respect of SC/ and absolute sale deeds executed by industrial
ST women entrepreneurs. enterprises in respect of industrial plots, sheds,
industrial tenements by KIADB, KSSIDC,
Zone 4: 10 per cent Value of Fixed Assets (VFA) KEONICS, Industrial Co-operatives and approved
(max. Rs.10 lakh) 15 per cent Value of Fixed private industrial estates shall be exempted as
Assets (VFA) (max. Rs. 15 lakh)-In respect of SC/ below.
ST women entrepreneurs.
i) Other than Hyderabad-Karnataka Area
ii) Hyderabad-Karnataka Area
Zone 1, 2, 3: 100 per cent
HK Zone 1: 30 per cent Value of Fixed Assets
(VFA) (max. Rs.50 lakh) 35 per cent Value of Fixed Zone 4: 75 per cent
Assets (VFA) (max. Rs. 55 lakh)-In respect of SC/ ii) Hyderabad-Karnataka Area
ST women entrepreneurs. HK Zone 1 and 2: 100 per cent
HK Zone 2: 25 per cent Value of Fixed Assets C) Concessional Registration Charges
(VFA) (max. Rs.45 lakh) 30 per cent Value of Fixed
MSMEs:
Assets (VFA) (max. Rs.50 lakh)-In respect of SC/
For all loan documents, lease deeds and sale
ST women entrepreneurs.
GHHGV DV VSHFLÀHG LQ % DERYH WKH UHJLVWUDWLRQ
c) Medium Manufacturing Enterprises (as charges shall be at a concessional rate of Rs.0.50
GHÀQHG LQ 060( $FW DQG WKRVH ZKR SURYLGH per Rs.1000.
minimum of 25 direct employment)
Note:
i) Other than Hyderabad-KarnatakaArea i) The exemption of stamp duty and concessional
Zone l : Rs. 55 lakh Rs.60 lakh-In respect of SC/ registration charges are also applicable to lands
ST women entrepreneurs. purchased under Section 109 of the KLR Act,
1961, and also for direct purchase of industrially
Zone 2: Rs.45 lakh Rs.50 lakh-In respect of SC/
converted lands for the projects approved by
ST women entrepreneurs.
SLSWCC/DLSWCC. This incentive will also be
Zone 3: Rs.351akh Rs.40 lakh-In respect of SC/ applicable for the land transferred by KIADB to
ST women entrepreneurs. land owners as compensation for the acquired
Zone 4: Rs.20 lakh Rs.25 lakh-In respect of SC/ land.
ST women entrepreneurs. ii) The exemption of stamp duty and concessional
ii) Hyderabad-Karnataka Area registration charges are also available for
UHJLVWUDWLRQRIÀQDOVDOHGHHGLQUHVSHFWRIODQGV
HK Zone 1: Rs.60 lakh Rs.65 lakh-In respect of sheds, plots, industrial tenements after the expiry
SC/ ST women entrepreneurs. RI OHDVH SHULRG DW WKH UDWH DV VSHFLÀHG LQ WKH
HK Zone 2: Rs.55 lakh Rs.50 lakh-In respect of Industrial Policy which was in vogue at the time of
SC/ ST women entrepreneurs. execution of lease-cum-sale deed.
B) Exemption from Stamp Duty D) Reimbursement of Land Conversion Fee
MSMEs: MSMEs:
Stamp duty to be paid in respect of (i) loan The payment of land conversion fee for converting
agreements, credit deeds, mortgage and the land from agriculture use to industrial use
408 will be reimbursed as detailed below:
hypothecation deeds executed for availing loans
i) Other than Hyderabad Karnataka Area Zone 1, 2, 3 & HK Zone 1 & 2: 5 per cent on loans
Zone 1,2, and 3: 100 per cent availed from KSFC and Scheduled commercial
banks which are not covered under CLCSS of GoI.
Zone 4: 75 per cent
LL ,62VHULHVFHUWLÀFDWLRQ
ii) Hyderabad Karnataka Area
Zone 1,2,3 and HK Zone 1and 2: 75 per cent of
HK Zone 1 & 2: 100 per cent
cost (max. Rs.1 lakh).
E) Exemption from Entry Tax
LLL %,6&HUWLÀFDWLRQ
MSMEs in Zone 1,2 and 3 and HK Zone 1 & 2 are 50 per cent of fees payable to BIS (max. Rs.
eligible for 100 per cent exemption from payment 20,000) and 50 per cent of cost (max. Rs.1 lakh)
of Entry Tax on ‘Plant & Machinery and Capital for purchase of testing equipments as approved
Goods’ for an initial period of 3 years from the by BIS.
date of commencement of project implementation.
For this purpose, the term Plant & Machinery and (iv) Technology Adoption:
Capital Goods also includes Plant & Machinery 50 per cent of cost (max. Rs.1 lakh) for adopting
and Equipments procured for captive generation technology from recognized national laboratories.
of electricity.
v) Technology Business Incubation Centre:
On raw materials, inputs, component parts & 50 per cent of the project cost (max: Rs.75 lakh).
consumables (excluding petroleum products)
vi) MSME units Established using Recycling of
[wherever applicable] for a period of 6 years
electronic Waste and plastic waste:
from the date of commencement of commercial
Additional investment promotion subsidy of 5 per
production.
cent with a ceiling limit of Rs.15 lakh in zone 1,2,3
F) Interest Subsidy to Micro Enterprises only and HK Zone 1and 2.
Interest subsidy of 6 per cent per annum on
I) Energy Conservation
term loans will be provided to Micro enterprises.
7KLV LQWHUHVW VXEVLG\ LV SD\DEOH WR ÀQDQFLDO Micro, Small & Medium Manufacturing
institutions on behalf of the enterprise only if the enterprises in all zones.
enterprise has not defaulted in payment of either Practicing Energy Conservation measures
principle or interest installments. The amount of resulting in reduction of Energy Consumption of
interest subsidy will be effective rate of interest at least 10 per cent of earlier consumption: 15 per
(after deducting interest subsidy receivable by cent of capital cost (max Rs.7.50 lakh).
any institutions under any Government of India
Use of non-conventional energy sources: 15 per
scheme) or 6 per cent per annum whichever is
cent of capital cost (max Rs.7.501akh).
less. The period of interest subsidy is six years,
ÀYH\HDUVDQGIRXU\HDUVLQRWKHUWKDQ+.=RQH Subsidy of Rs.0.75 per unit of Captive power
AND POWER
INDUSTRIES
Zone 2, Zone 3 and seven years and six years in generated and consumed through Solar and Wind
HK Zone1 & HK Zone 2, respectively. Energy sources only.
G) Exemption from Tax on Electricity Tariff J) Land / Shed allotment by KIADB and KSSIDC
Micro, Small & Medium Manufacturing at concessional rates
Enterprises
40 per cent subsidy for other than HK Zone 1&
100 per cent exemption of tax on electricity tariff
2 with a ceiling limit of Rs.15 lakh, 30 per cent
RUWKHLQLWLDOSHULRGRIVHYHQ\HDUVVL[\HDUVÀYH
subsidy for other than HK Zone 3 with ceiling limit
years, four years, eight years and seven years in
of Rs.25 lakh and 25 per cent for other than HK
Zonel, Zone2, Zone3, Zone 4, HK Zone 1 & HK
Zone 4 with a ceiling limit of Rs.35 lakh. Similarly,
Zone 2 respectively.
40 per cent for HK Zone 1 & 2 with ceiling limit of
H) Technology up gradation, Quality Rs. 25 lakh for HK Zone 1 and Rs.20 lakh for HK
&HUWLÀFDWLRQ0LFUR6PDOO 0HGLXP Zone 2.
Manufacturing Enterprises
This concession is in addition to the investment
i) Interest Subsidy on Technology Up gradation promotion subsidy provided at (A) above. Separate
Loan: 409
operational guidelines will be issued.
K) Reimbursement of the cost of preparation and Ex-Servicemen Entrepreneurs, following
of project reports: initiatives are proposed:
Reimbursement of the 75 per cent of cost of
i) Reservation of 5 per cent of plots/sheds in the
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
preparation of project reports up to Rs. 2 lakh per
Industrial Areas/Estates developed by KIADB for
unit, prepared by TECSOK and CEDOK required
Minorities, Backward Classes-(Category 1 and 2A
for which bank loans are sanctioned.
only), Physically Challenged and Ex-Servicemen
Encouragement to Women Entrepreneurs: Entrepreneurs in all the future industrial areas/
With a view to encourage and give a special estates.
thrust to women entrepreneurship and to improve ii) Trained entrepreneurs by CEDOK or recognized
the contribution of women entrepreneurs and training institutions will be provided with low
facilitate creation of more women enterprises interest start up loans (with interest subsidy) and
LQ WKH 6WDWH LQ WKH QH[W ÀYH \HDUV HQWHUSULVHV ÁH[LEOHUHSD\PHQWVFKHGXOH
promoted either as a proprietary concern or a iii) State to introduce Entrepreneurship
SDUWQHUVKLS ÀUPSULYDWH OLPLWHG FRPSDQ\ ZKHUH Development Programmes exclusively for
all the partners or directors are women, following prospective Minorities, Backward Classes-
initiatives are proposed: (Category 1 and 2A only), Physically Challenged
i) It is proposed to promote two industrial areas in and Ex-Servicemen Entrepreneurs
the State at potential locations such as Hubballi/ iv) MSMEs promoted by Minorities, Backward
Dharwad and Harohally in Kanakapura taluk for Classes - (Category 1 and 2A only), Physically
women. Challenged and Ex-Servicemen Entrepreneurs
will be encouraged with attractive incentives and
ii) Reservation of 5 per cent of plots/sheds in the
concessions as mentioned below:
Industrial Areas/Estates developed by KIADB/
KSSIDC for women entrepreneurs in all the future A. Investment Promotion Subsidy
Industrial areas/estates. a) Micro Enterprises
i) Other than Hyderabad - Karnataka Area
iii) Exclusive cluster for women in Textile, Gem
Zone 1: 30 per cent Value of Fixed Assets (VFA)
DQG-HZHOOHU\
(max. Rs. 17 lakh)
iv) Trained entrepreneurs by CEDOK or recognized Zone 2: 25 per cent Value of Fixed Assets (VFA)
training institutions will be provided with low (max. Rs. 15 lakh)
interest start up loans (with interest subsidy) and Zone 3: 20 per cent Value of Fixed Assets (VFA)
ÁH[LEOHUHSD\Pent schedule. (max. Rs. 12 lakh)
v) State to introduce Entrepreneurship Zone 4: Nil
Development Programmes exclusively for ii) Hyderabad- Karnataka Area
prospective women entrepreneurs. HK Zone 1: 35 per cent Value of Fixed Assets
vi) MSMEs promoted by women entrepreneurs (VFA) (max. Rs. 20 lakh)
will be encouraged with attractive incentives and HK Zone 2: 30 per cent Value of Fixed Assets
concessions as mentioned below: (VFA) (max. Rs.18 lakh)
Encouragement to Minorities, Backward Class-
b) Small Enterprises
es (Category 1 & 2 A only), i) Other than Hyderabad -Karnataka Area
Physically Challenged and Ex-Servicemen En- Zone 1: 25 per cent Value of Fixed Assets (VFA)
trepreneurs (max. Rs.45 lakh)
With a view to encourage entrepreneurship Zone 2: 20 per cent Value of Fixed Assets (VFA)
among, Minorities, Backward Classes (Category (max. Rs.35 lakh)
1 and 2A only), Physically Challenged and Ex- Zone 3: 15 per cent Value of Fixed Assets (VFA)
Servicemen Entrepreneurs and give a special (max. Rs.25 lakh)
thrust to enterprises promoted either as a Zone 4: Nil
SURSULHWDU\FRQFHUQRUDSDUWQHUVKLSÀUPSULYDWH
limited company where in all the partners or ii) Hyderabad- Karnataka Area
directors are from Minorities, Backward Classes HK Zone 1: 30 per cent Value of Fixed Assets
410
(Category 1 and 2A only), Physically Challenged (VFA) (max. Rs. 50 lakh)
HK Zone 2: 25 per cent Value of Fixed Assets purchased under Section 109 of the KLR Act,
(VFA) (max. Rs. 45 lakh) 1961 and also for direct purchase of industrially
converted lands for the projects approved by
c) Medium Manufacturing Enterprises (as
SLSWCC/DLSWCC, This incentive will also be
GHÀQHG LQ 060( $FW DQG WKRVH ZKR SURYLGH
applicable for the land transferred by KIADB to
minimum of 25 direct employment)
land owners as compensation for the acquired
i) Other than Hyderabad Karnataka Area land.
Zone 1: Rs.55 lakh ii. The exemption of stamp duty and concessional
Zone 2: Rs.45 lakh registration charges are also available for
Zone 3: Rs.35 lakh UHJLVWUDWLRQRIÀQDOVDOHGHHGLQUHVSHFWRIODQGV
sheds, plots, industrial tenements after the expiry
Zone 4: Nil
RI OHDVH SHULRG DW WKH UDWH DV VSHFLÀHG LQ WKH
ii) Hyderabad Karnataka Area Industrial Policy which was in vogue at the time of
HK Zone 1: Rs. 60 lakh execution of lease-cum-sale deed.
HK Zone 2: Rs. 55 lakh D. Reimbursement of Land Conversion Fee
MSMEs:
B. Exemption from Stamp Duty
The payment of land conversion fee for converting
MSMEs: the land from agriculture use to industrial use
Stamp duty to be paid in respect of (i) loan agree- will be reimbursed as detailed below:
ments, credit deeds, mortgage and hypothecation
i) Other than Hyderabad - Karnataka Area
deeds executed for availing loans from State Gov-
ernment including VAT loan from Department Zone 1, 2, 3: 100 per cent
and/or State Financial Corporation, National Zone 4 : NIL
Level Financial Institutions, Commercial Banks,
ii) Hyderabad-Karnataka Area
RRBs, Co-operative Banks, KVIB/KVIC, Karnata-
ka State SC/ST Development Corporation, Kar- HK Zone 1 & 2: 100 per cent
nataka State Minority Development Corporation E. Exemption from Entry Tax
DQG RWKHU LQVWLWXWLRQV ZKLFK PD\ EH QRWLÀHG E\
MSMEs:
the Government from time to time for the initial
SHULRG RI ÀYH \HDUV RQO\ DQG LL IRU OHDVH GHHGV MSMEs in Zone I, 2 & 3 and HK Zone 1& 2 are
lease-cum-sale and absolute sale deeds executed eligible for 100 per cent exemption from payment
by industrial enterprises in respect of industrial of Entry Tax on ‘Plant & Machinery and Capital
plots, sheds, industrial tenements by KIADB, KS- Goods’ for an initial period of three years from the
SIDC, KEONICS, Industrial Co-operatives and ap- date of commencement of project implementation.
proved private industrial estates shall be exempt- For this purpose, the term Plant & Machinery and
AND POWER
INDUSTRIES
ed as below: Capital Goods also includes Plant & Machinery
and Equipments procured for captive generation
i) Other than Hyderabad- Karnataka Area of electricity.
Zone 1, 2, 3
On raw materials, inputs, component parts &
Zone 4 : NIL
consumables (excluding petroleum products)
ii) Hyderabad- Karnataka Area [wherever applicable] for a period of six years
HK Zone 1 & 2: 100 per cent from the date of commencement of commercial
production.
C. Concessional Registration Charges
MSMEs: F. Interest Subsidy for Micro Enterprises only
For all loan documents, lease deeds and sale deeds Interest subsidy of 6 per cent per annum on
DV VSHFLÀHG LQ % DERYH WKH UHJLVWUDWLRQ FKDUJHV term loans will be provided to Micro enterprises.
shall be at a concessional rate of Rs.1000. 7KLV LQWHUHVW VXEVLG\ LV SD\DEOH WR ÀQDQFLDO
institutions on behalf of the enterprise only if the
Note:
enterprise has not defaulted in payment of either
i. The exemption of stamp duty and concessional principle or interest instalments. The amount of 411
registration charges are also applicable to lands interest subsidy will be effective rate of interest
(after deducting interest subsidy receivable by at least 10 per cent of earlier consumption: 15 per
any institutions under any Government of India cent of capital cost (max Rs. 7.50 lakh).
scheme) or 6 per cent per annum whichever is
Use of non-conventional energy sources: 15 per
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
less. The period of interest subsidy is six years,
ÀYH\HDUVDQGIRXU\HDUVLQRWKHUWKDQ+.=RQH cent of capital cost (max. Rs. 7.50 lakh).
Zone 2, Zone 3 and seven years and six years in Subsidy of Rs. 0.75 per unit of Captive Power
HK Zone 1 & HK Zone 2 respectively. Generated and consumed through Solar & Wind
G. Exemption from Tax on Electricity Tariff Energy sources only.
Micro, Small & Medium Manufacturing POWER SECTOR
Enterprises
Electricity is one of the precious things that
100 per cent exemption of tax on electricity tariff
science has given to man kind.
IRUWKHLQLWLDOSHULRGRIVHYHQ\HDUVVL[\HDUVÀYH
years, four years, eight years and seven years in Electricity isused inevery walk of life to meet
Zone 1, Zone 2, Zone 3, Zone 4, HK Zone 1 and the day to day domestic, commercial, industrial,
HK Zone 2 respectively. transportation, communication, entertainment,
H. Technology upgradation, Quality medical, research and development works and
&HUWLÀFDWLRQ DQG 3DWHQW 5HJLVWUDWLRQ 0LFUR every activity of humanbeings.
Small & Medium Manufacturing Enterprises The use of electricity turns the wheel of life and
i) Interest Subsidy on Technology Upgradation the usage is getting increased continuously. The
Loan: per capita consumption of electricity is one of the
Zone 1, 2, 3 & HK Zone 1 & 2: 5 per cent on loans yard sticks for measuring the standard of living.
availed from KSFC & Scheduled commercial banks The wheels of economic progress revolve around
which are not covered under CLCSS of GOI. meeting the demand for electricity. Electricity
occupies a unique status in the annals of human
LL ,62VHULHVFHUWLÀFDWLRQ
life. Electricity is a precious thing and should be
Zone 1, 2, 3 & HK Zone 1 & 2: 75 per cent conserved.
(max. Rs.1 lakh).
Karnataka State has been experiencing
LLL %,6&HUWLÀFDWLRQ conditions of power shortage because of the ever-
50 per cent of fees payable to BIS (max. Rs. JURZLQJGHPDQGIRUSRZHULQÁXHQFHGE\WKHUDSLG
20,000) and 50 per cent of cost (max. Rs.1 lakh) economic progress. The State Government has
for purchase of testing equipments as approved been taking various initiatives to implement
by BIS. projects in the public as well as private sectors
Technology Adoption: for adding new installed capacities for power
generation. Power generation in the public sector
50 per cent of cost (max. Rs.1 lakh) for adopting
technology from recognized national laboratories. is managed by the Karnataka Power Corporation
Limited (KPCL), whereas the Karnataka Power
v) Technology Business Incubation Centre: Transmission Corporation Limited (KPTCL) deals
50 per cent of the project cost (max: Rs. 5 lakh). with transmission of power and load dispatch
functions. As part of the restructuring of the
vi) MSME units established using recycling of
power sector in the State, the erstwhile Karnataka
electronic waste and plastic waste:
Electricity Board (KEB) was restructured as
Additional investment promotion subsidy of 5
KPTCL in 1999 by giving it a corporate status.
per cent with a ceiling limit of Rs.15 lakh in Zone
As per the Electricity Act 2003, KPTCL, being the
1,2,3 and HK Zone 1& 2.
State’s transmission utility, is not empowered to
I. Energy Conservation trade in electricity. There fore, the distribution
Micro, Small & Medium Manufacturing companies directly procure power from power
enterprises in all zones. generators, both public and private and ESCOMs’
Practicing Energy Conservation measures own distribution network and use KPTCL’s
412 resulting in reduction of Energy Consumption of transmission network to distribute electricity.
Power Sector Reforms: demand for power in the State.
Recognizing the crucial role of power in
Installed capacity addition during 2018-19 upto
achieving economic progress, Karnataka was
November is 808.70 MW.
RQH RI WKH ÀUVW ,QGLDQ 6WDWHV WR LPSOHPHQW
power sector reforms. The institutional setup With the addition of generation capacity, the state
for undertaking there forms was strengthened LVDEOHWRHQVXUHQHDUVHOIVXIÀFLHQF\LQDYDLODELOLW\
with the enactment of the Karnataka Electricity of power. The variation in hydel availability and
Reforms Act in1999. The Karnataka Electricity FRDOVXSSO\KDPSHUWKHVWDWXVRIVHOIVXIÀFLHQF\
Regulatory Commission (KERC) was established Otherwise, the State can meet its demand with the
as a regulatory authority of the State’s Power existing and pipeline capacity addition.
Sector. Besides other functions, it regulates the $WWDLQLQJVHOIVXIÀFLHQF\LQSRZHUDYDLODELOLW\LV
tariff for supply of power to different categories a dynamic aspect that depends on various related
of consumers. Four Electricity Supply Companies aspects.
(ESCOMs), Bangalore Electricity Supply Company
Ltd. (BESCOM), Mangalore Electricity Supply Electricity, Demand and Supply Status
Company Ltd. (MESCOM), Hubli Electricity The core issue in power supply in Karnataka is
Supply Company Ltd. (HESCOM) and Gulbarga the status of demand & supply to ensure that there
Electricity Supply Company Ltd. (GESCOM) were is no shortage in supply in the State. The State
established during 2002 and another ESCOM, RI .DUQDWDND KDV DFKLHYHG QHDU VHOIVXIÀFLHQF\
Chamundeshwari Electricity Supply Corporation in power generation to meet the growing demand.
Ltd. (CESC) was established in 2005. The Hukkeri The occasional gap due to seasonal variation in
Rural Electric Co-operative Society (HRECS) is demand and supply is met through short term
purchases.
engaged in distribution business in Hukkeri Taluk.
7KHVHÀYHGLVWULEXWLRQFRPSDQLHVDQG+5(&6DUH There is ever-growing demand for power in
engaged in retail supply of electricity to the end Karnataka. The State Government has been
consumers. planning through various means for capacity
addition for adding more power to the grid to meet
Government of Karnataka accorded approval
the growing demand. The State Government is
in April 2007, for setting up of a Special Purpose
sourcing power from all available sources including
Vehicle (SPV) viz., Power Company of Karnataka
short term/energy exchange to meet the demand.
Limited (PCKL) to supplement the efforts of KPCL
in capacity addition. PCKL was in corporated on Apart from augmenting its generation, the State
20th August, 2007 under the Companies Act has been importing power from central power-
1956. PCKL is responsible for capacity addition by generating stations and also through energy
way of setting up of new power projects through exchanges for minimizing power shortages. In
bidding process, under Case-II bidding guidelines addition, the State Government is taking steps for
AND POWER
INDUSTRIES
issued by Ministry of Power, GOI and long term conservation of energy through De m a nd S ide
procurement of power under Case-I bidding guide Management programmes.
lines of MOP, GOI. In order to bridge the demand It may be observed that both the peak demand for
and supply gap, PCKL has been procuring power power and peak energy supply per day are showing
on behalf of the ESCOMs from various sources increasing trends since 2008-09. The peak dem
including purchase of power through Energy and for power met during 2017-18 was 10802MW
Exchange, Banking (SWAP) as well bilateral and in 2018-19 (Upto Nov-18) it is 11233MW.
transactions. The anticipated peak demand for power to be met
PCKL also co-ordinates with other States and during 2018-19 is a round 12000MW.
Central Government agencies on power related Power Generation
issues through the forum of Southern Regional The state of Karnataka depends on several sources
Power Committee (SRPC). of supply for meeting its power requirements. The
state has power generation infrastructure with
The State Govt is on the right path to increase
in the state belonging to both public and private
the Generation, Transmission and Distribution
sectors. In addition, it has guaranteed allocations 413
capacity addition to meet the ever growing
from the central power generating stations, and Government has established the Karnataka
ÀQDOO\ UHOLHV RQLPSRUWV IURP RWKHU VWDWHV IRU Renewable Energy Development Ltd (KREDL) to
bridging the demand-supply gap. Thus, the main harness renewable sources of energy.
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
sources of power supply in Karnataka are:
The total installed generation capacity both in
a. Generating Stations of KPCL. the public sector and private sector including the
b. Independent Power Producers (IPPs). State’s share in the Central Generation Station
(CGS) upto November 2018 is 26,843.83 MW.
(Conventional and Non-conventional).
The installed capacity in the public sector is
c. State’s share from Central Generating Stations 13,019.00MW (including CGS allocation) and the
d. Procurement from other States through bilateral private sector’s share is 13,824.83 MW. In the
trade, purchase and energy exchanges. private sector capacity,the share of renewable
e. Barter arrangement (power banking). energy sources of power generation (Excluding
KPCL has been pioneering the capacity addition the Share of IPP Thermal & Mini Hydel) in overall
for power generation in the public sector in the installed capacity is 43.85 per cent. The status of
6WDWH %HQHÀWLQJ IURP WKH UHIRUP SURFHVVHV power sectorin terms of both installed capacity
various private generators have also established and electricity generation in Karnataka is provided
power plants in Karnataka. Further, the State in Table 5.39.
Table 5.39 Progress in Power Sector
2018-19
Source Units 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18
(Upto Nov-18)
A. Installed Capacity
1. Public Sector
a) Hydel MW 3,652.00 3,667.00 3,667.00 3,680.00 3,680.00
b) Wind Energy MW 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00
c) Thermal MW 2,720.00 2,720.00 4,220.00 5,020.00 5,020.00
d) Diesel Plants MW 108.00 108.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
e) Solar PV Plant MW 14.00 24.00 24.00 34.00 34.00
Total MW 6,499.00 6,524.00 7,916.00 8,739.00 8,739.00
I -XUDODHydro MW 117.00 117.00 117.00 117.00 117.00
2. Private Sector
g) IPP Thermal MW 1,200.00 1,200.00 1,200.00 1,200.00 1,200.00
h) Mini Hydel MW 796.41* 835.46 843.46 851.96 853.46
i) Wind Energy MW 2,680.44* 2,911.34 3,793.66* 4,668.66 4,732.56
j) Co-Generation
MW 1,285.08* 1,379.58* 1,519.58* 1,777.19 1,807.19
& Biomass
k) Solar (including MW 74.38* 134.06* 1,092.50* 4,988.32 5,231.62
Solar roof top)
Total MW 6,036.31 6,460.44 8,449.20 13,486.13 13,824.83
3. Central
Generating
MW 2,169.00 2,677.00 2,898.00 3,693.00 4,163.00
Station
Allocation
Total Installed MW 14,821.31 15,778.44 19,380.20 26,035.13 26,843.83
414 Capacity
B. Electricity Supply
1. Electricity Generation (Net)
l) Hydel (KPCL) MU 12,775.61 6,972.66 6,564.42 7,012.61 7,338.22
m) Thermal (KPCL) MU 15,428.83 15,443.51 16,491.36 14,855.69 7,125.94
n) Wind MU 3,550.56 4,213.10 7,402.00 7,338.73
o) Solar PV Plant MU 202.08 469.12 2,524.00 3,683.33
p) Mini Hydel MU 1,009.12 847.46 1,390.00 1,378.69
q) Co-Gen and
MU 279.73 501.23 2,098.00 377.31
Bio-Mass
r) Private Sector MU 17,999.75 18,940.59 8,158.59 8,264.00 3,121.91
Total MU 46,204.19 46,398.25 37,245.28 43,546.30 30,364.13
2. Electricity
imports
s) Central projects MU 14,340.31 15,203.77 23,267.00 25,236.00 12,498.41
t) Other States-
MU 4,880.26 3,841.96 240.26
Short Term
Total MU 14,340.31 15,203.77 28,147.26 29,077.96 12,738.67
Total Electricity MU 60,544.50 61,602.02 65,392.54 72,624.26 43,102.80
supply
Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19
The status of the installed capacity of Hydel power generation as on 30.11.2018 is 13.71 per cent in
total installed capacity. This share increases to 16.89 per cent, if Mini-Hydel is included. The contribution
from wind power is the third highest at 4737.56MW after coal thermal and solar.
It may be observed from Table 5.39, out of the total installed Capacity of 26,843.83 MW as on
30.11.2018, the renewable energy share including Mini Hydel and Co-generation is 47.18 per cent. The
Hydro Thermal mix in the State generation in public sector including Central Generating share is in the
ratio of about1:2.
The total power supply of 72,624.26 MU in 2017-18 was substantially higher than 65,392.54 MU in
2016-17 due to increased capacity addition to meet the demand for energy.
Installed Capacity
1. The State has added 338.70MWs of Generating capacity in renewable energy sources during the FY
2018-19 (Upto Nov-18).
AND POWER
INDUSTRIES
2. The State is also at the fore front of capacity addition in Renewable Energy Sector & there is
constant increase in capacity under this category.
3. The availability factors of most of the generating plants have been found to be relatively high
VXJJHVWLQJDQHIÀFLHQWSUHYHQWLYHPDLQWHQDQFHV\VWHPEHLQJLQSODFH Table 5.40).
Table 5.40 Plant load Factors (PLF) and Availability Factors of the KPCL
2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
Per Per
Station Installed PLF Installed PLF Per cent Installed
Sl. cent PLF Per cent
Capacity Per Capacity per Av. Capacity
No Av. cent Av.
(MW) cent (MW) cent Factor (MW)
Factor Factor
Raichur Thermal
1 1470 75.72 88.17 1470 69.64 78.06 1470 55.27 88.04
Power Station (1-7)
Raichur Thermal
2 250 79.68 96.29 250 85.27 91.05 250 61.76 86.52
Power Station (u-8)
Ballari Thermal Pow-
3 500 78.14 98.62 500 30.78 62.70 500 31.96 88.37 415
er Station (u-I)
Ballari Thermal Pow-
4 500 56.53 94.03 500 42.15 66.62 500 30.05 77.32
er Station (u-II)
Ballari Thermal Pow-
5 700 8.34 0 700 13.48 24.64 700 8.24 55.31
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
er Station (u-III)
Yeramarus Thermal
6 800 3.14 0 800 12.71 30.71 800 1.46 1.54
Power Station (U-I)
Yeramarus Thermal
7 0 0 0 800 1.52 5.21 800 15.44 16.39
Power Station (U-II)
THERMAL TOTAL 4220 5020 5020
Sharavathi
8 1035 29.60 68.20 1035 29.73 90.37 1035 46.94 93.10
Generating Station
Gerusoppa Dam
9 240 13.07 95.79 240 13.26 98.97 240 24.34 99.17
Power House
Lingana Makki Dam
10 55 21.76 92.80 55 25.58 88.01 55 42.85 81.84
Power House
Nagjhari Power
11 900 16.92 87.61 900 19.30 92.02 900 30.00 81.14
House
Supa Dam Power
12 100 27.28 99.99 100 33.09 98.47 100 54.79 100
House
Kadra Dam Power
13 150 13.26 87.42 150 14.52 93.73 150 30.81 98.36
House
Kodasalli Dam
14 120 14.42 94.81 120 15.90 94.65 120 30.63 95.78
Power House
Varahi Under
15 460 17.85 90.07 460 18.92 93.74 460 29.52 98.52
Ground PH
Mani Dam Power
16 9 20.02 58.71 9 22.18 91.60 9 34.13 98.64
House
Alamatti Dam Power
17 290 15.90 82.75 290 17.38 88.63 290 23.33 78.21
House
Ghata Prabha Dam
18 32 17.34 87.33 32 17.22 78.28 32 27.65 99.82
Power House
Bhadra Dam Power
19 39.2 7.11 79.73 39.2 4.53 53.63 39.2 15.65 59.95
House
Kalmala, Sirwar,
20 10.75 0 0 13.15 0 0 13.15 4.20 0
Ganekal & Mallapur
21 Shivasamudram 42 38.92 86.34 42 45.16 91.56 42 72.45 94.48
Shimsha Hydro
22 17.2 21.13 77.60 17.2 35.36 92.50 17.2 49.74 63.73
Electric Station
Mahatma Gandhi
23 139.2 23.46 82.08 139.2 15.64 63.70 139.2 16.19 33.63
HE Station
Munirabad Power
24 28 12.97 98.37 38 17.96 99.83 38 35.45 98.34
House
HYDRO TOTAL 3667.35 - - 3679.75 - - 3679.75 - -
Kappata gudda Wind
25 4.56 10.68 0 4.56 0 0 4.56 0 0
Farm
26 Solar PV Plant 24 0 0 34 0 0 34 0 0
OTHERS TOTAL 28.56 - - 38.56 - - 38.56 - -
GRAND TOTAL 7915.91 - - 8738.31 - - 8738.31 -
416
Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19
Plant Load Factors (Capacity Utilization)
As can be observed from Table 5.41, the average cost of power generation is higher in thermal plants as
compared to Hydel plants and the State’s reliance on thermal plants for power generation has increased
over the years. As a result, the average cost of power generation (paise/kWh) has been increasing. Power
Generation, Imports, T & D losses and Consumption of Power since 2014-15 are given at Table 5.41
and Table 5.42
Table 5.41 Plant Load Factor, Unit Cost of Power (Selected Power Stations)
Plant Load Factor (per cent) Unit Cost
Sl. Power *2018-19
No. Station 2018-19 Paise/
2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 (Upto
Nov-18) kWh
1 Sharavathi 61.07 57.45 29.10 29.60 29.73 46.94 44.34
2 Nagjhari 33.75 41.58 24.46 16.92 19.30 30.00 70.65
3 Supa 53.17 51.18 37.13 27.28 33.09 54.79 70.65
4 Varahi 32.56 27.98 18.66 17.85 18.92 29.52 145.70
5 RTPS Unit-1 58.70 71 84.40 83.58 45.44 60.90 509.75
6 RTPS Unit-2 67.63 74.39 75.78 74.26 49.91 52.97 509.75
7 RTPS Unit-3 70.05 79.60 50.76 85.65 81.07 38.52 493.73
8 RTPS Unit-4 79.07 83.53 78.07 69.80 87.78 70.39 505.99
9 RTPS Unit-5 76.46 74.58 82.87 74.57 68.83 81.44 511.50
10 RTPS Unit-6 77.28 85.65 80.64 71.45 77.04 42.11 511.50
11 RTPS Unit-7 59.63 74.39 78.15 70.74 77.38 40.54 497.6
12 RTPS Unit-8 36.79 45.10 75.87 79.68 85.27 61.76 545.73
13 BTPS Unit-1 69.61 61.64 64.03 78.14 30.78 31.96 643.13
14 BTPS Unit-2 68.05 70.94 75.45 56.53 42.15 30.05 741.30
15 BTPS Unit-3 - - - - 13.48 8.24 1874.03
AND POWER
INDUSTRIES
16 YTPS Unit-1 - - - - 12.71 1.46 1912.00
17 YTPS Unit-2 - - - - 1.52 15.44 1912.00
Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19
Table 5.42 Generation, Imports, T & D Losses and Consumption of Power in Karnataka
Power Genera- Electricity Import in Transmission Power
Year tion installed Generation & Distribution Consumption in
capacity (MWs) in MUs MUs Loss (%) MUs
2014-15 14821.31* 46204.19 14340.31 18.52 49400.57
2015-16 15778.44* 46398.25 15203.77 16.34 51070.85
2016-17 19380.20* 37245.28 28147.26 17.30 54183.47
2017-18 26035.13 43546.30 29077.96 17.02 54133.86
2018-19 (Upto Nov-18) 26843.83 30364.13 12738.67 - 37930.68
*Reconciled Figs. 417
Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19
Purchase of power from other States and ener- Power Transmission: State Transmission
gy exchanges Utility (KPTCL)
Towards meeting shortages in electricity Karnataka Power Transmission Company Ltd.
KARNATAKA
supply, Karnataka buys power from (KPTCL) is the State Transmission Utility engaged
HAND BOOK OF
neighboring States, other States and from energy in the business of transmission of electricity in
exchanges. The details of such purchases the State. It is the responsibility of the KPTCL to
GXULQJ WKH ODVW ÀYH \HDUV LQ 8SWR construct power stations & lines and strengthen
Nov-18) are given in Table 5.43. the system for easing network congestion, power
Table 5.43 Procurement from other States evacuation etc. The status of transmission
through bilateral trade & Purchase through infrastructure as at the end of Nov-2018 is given
Energy Exchanges in Table 5.44.
Averager- Table 5.44 Power Stations & Transmission
Energy in Amount (Rs.
Year ate Rs/k lines of KPTCL (as on 30.11.2018)
MUs incrore)
Wh
Voltage Level No.of sta- Transmission
2013-14 6479.15 3212.87 4.96 (KVA) tions Line in Ckms
2014-15 5918.11 3108.03 5.25 400 5 3568.45
2015-16 8547.90 4319.68 5.05 220 101 11349.63
110 452 10563.87
2016-17 4880.26 2156.52 4.42
66 672 10842.16
2017-18 3841.96 1561.48 4.06
33 361 8949.54
2018-19
240.26 82.16 3.42 Total 1591 45273.65
(Upto Nov-18)
Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19 Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19
There is increase in purchase of energy from Re- The transmission lines of different voltage
newable Energy Source/NCE due to increase in classes, new substations added and capacity
FDSDFLW\DGGLWLRQGXULQJWKH)<DQGÀUVW augmentation in the existing substations during
8 months of 2018-19. the12th Plan period from 2013-14 to 2017-18 are
shown in Tables 5.45 and 5.46.
Table 5.45 Transmission Lines of Different Voltage class added
Voltage Class Transmission Line Length added (in Ckms)
in KVA 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 Total
400 0.00 0.00 33.31 451.40 409.22 893.93
220 98.65 245.48 651.14 129.50 200.46 1,325.23
110 351.97 318.42 158.55 148.77 167.13 1,144.84
66 157.27 169.00 190.71 152.30 228.20 897.48
TOTAL 607.89 732.90 1,033.71 881.97 1,005.01 4,261.48
Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19
Table 5.46 New Substations Added and Capacity Augmented
Sub-stations added (Nos.) Sub-stations capacity augm ented (Nos.)
Voltage
Class 2013- 2014- 2015- 2016- 2017- TO- 2013- 2014- 2015- 2016- 2017- TO-
(KVA) 14 15 16 17 18 TAL 14 15 16 17 18 TAL
400 - - - - 1 1 - 2 - - - 2
220 1 1 3 2 2 9 4 2 - 4 1 11
110 15 16 10 13 15 69 27 18 36 17 18 116
66 10 15 17 13 22 77 43 21 43 44 40 191
TOTAL 26 32 30 28 40 156 74 43 79 65 59 320
418
Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19
Transmission and Distribution Losses (T and 2014-15 408955 93412 157.62
D Losses) and Aggregate Technical and
2015-16 284771 67863 144.23
Commercial Losses (A T and C losses)
2016-17 520387 82223 164.04
The State Government has taken various measures 2017-18 684875 80090 197.49
to reduce T and D and AT and C losses. 2018-19
(Upto Nov- 331493 35224 105.99
Measures taken for reduction of T and D loss: 2018)
x Bifurcation of lengthy HT/LT lines & Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19
overloaded11KV feeders.
Power Consumption
x Reconductoring of HT/LT lines and reduction
of HT/LT ratio. As shown in Table 5.48, in the year 2017-18,
the agricultural sector (water pumping through
x Providing additional transformers to release
irrigation pump sets) accounted for highest share
over loaded Distribution Trans- former Centers
of electricity consumed with a share of 37.35
(DTCs).
per cent with domestic occupying a distant
x 100 per cent Metering and Billing. second position with a share of 23.16 per cent .
x Load balancing and bifurcation of load. However, in terms of paying for the electricity, the
x Strengthening of Vigilance/Meter Testing agricultural sector pays the least, where as the
Activities. commercial consumers pay the highest tariff.
x Replacing Electro-mechanical meters by
Electro-static meters.
x Encouraging consumers to install energy
HIÀFLHQWHTXLSPHQWV
Measures taken for reduction of AT and C Loss:
x 100 per cent billing of consumer installations.
x 100 per cent FROOHFWLRQHIÀFLHQF\
x Improving vigilance activities.
x Periodical rating of HT and LT Installations.
Karnataka’s power sector has reduced its T and
D losses from 29.2 per cent in 2006-07 to 17.02
per cent in 2017-18. It is expected to bring down
T & D losses to about 16.00 per cent by March
2019. It may also come down further during
2018-19 depending on the quantum of supply. Raichur Thermal Power Station
AND POWER
The utilities in the sector are making planned
INDUSTRIES
The ESCOMs supply electricity to various
investment for strengthening and augmenting the categories of consumers at different price
network for reduction of technical loss. slabs. Details of revenue realized from different
categories of consumers are given in Table
The AT and C Loss which was 31.2 per cent in
5.49. This shows that during the year 2017-18,
2006-07 has been brought down to 15.12 per cent
in 2017-18. nearly 67.36 per cent of the ESCOMs revenue
a rises from LT category consumers even though
The vigilance efforts by various authorities of they account for about 74.83 per cent of the
the ESCOMs have contributed to the reduction in electricity consumption. The HT industrial
AT & C losses (Table 5.47). & commercial sector, while accounting for
Table 5.47 Vigilance Efforts of the only 20.98 per cent of the electricity sales,
ESCOMs in reducing theft and pilferages contributes 28.93 per cent to the total revenue
earned in 2017-18. Electricity supplied to HT
No.of In- No. of Penalty Im- Agriculture including lift irrigation fetches the
stallations Cases posed lowest average revenue of Rs.3.57/kWh, here
Year
Inspected Detected (Rs.in crore)
as the LT commercial category provides highest
2013-14 482251 91067 154.90 419
revenue realization of Rs.9.31/kWh. Other than
temporary installations, commercial LT consumers and HT industrial and commercial consumers pay
higher prices for electricity consumed.
Details of Energy Sales, Average Tariff and Average Cost of Power supplied by ESCOMs are given in
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
Table 5.50.
Table 5.48 Electricity Consumption by Categories of Consumers
Consumption (MU) Per cent of Sales Demand (Rs. in Cr) *ARRRs/kWh
Category of
Consumers 2018-19 2018-19 (Upto 2018-19 (Upto 2018-19 (Upto
2017-18 2017-18 2017-18 2017-18
(Upto Nov-18) Nov-18) Nov-18) Nov-18)
Industries 7,690.59 5,675.99 14.21 14.96 6,698.46 4,818.39 8.71 8.49
IP Sets 20,216.61 13,662.49 37.35 36.02 10,101.20 7,086.56 5.00 5.19
Domestic 12,538.52 8,828.84 23.16 23.28 7,301.54 5,453.54 5.82 6.18
LT Industries 1,954.15 1,347.54 3.61 3.55 1,451.29 1,038.69 7.43 7.71
Water Works and
3,251.75 2,518.71 6.01 6.64 2,105.58 1,571.94 6.48 6.24
Sewage pumping
Commercial
7,090.02 4,928.56 13.10 12.99 6,922.93 4,929.91 9.76 10.00
Lighting
PublicLighting 1,023.38 709.73 1.89 1.87 879.46 585.92 8.59 8.26
Others 368.84 258.82 0.68 0.68 694.99 406.48 18.84 15.71
TOTAL 54,133.86 37,930.68 100 100 36,155.45 25,891.43 6.68 6.83
$IWHU7DQG'ORVVHVDVRQ
* ARR - Average Revenue Realisation.
Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19
Table 5.49: Electricity Sales and Revenue Realization by categories of Consumers
Average Revenue
Sales (MU) Revenue (Rs.Crore)
realization (Rs./kWh)
Cate
Description 2018-19
gory 2018-19 (Upto 2018-19 (Upto
2017-18 2017-18 2017-18 (Upto Nov-
Nov-18) Nov-18)
18)
LT1 %-.- 858.03 589.53 557.61 394.69 6.50 6.69
LT2 AEH 11,543.41 8,156.16 6,676.06 5,191.38 5.78 6.36
LT3 Commercial 3,425.45 2,380.61 3,189.05 2,973.48 9.31 12.49
Irrigation
LT4 19,751.55 13,218.52 9,961.98 6,121.86 5.04 4.63
Pumpsets
LT5 Industries 1,954.15 1,347.54 1,464.65 1,057.76 7.50 7.85
Street lights
LT6 and water 2,735.62 2,137.17 2,117.28 1,443.93 7.74 6.76
supply
Temporary
LT7 240.02 151.56 389.11 224.87 16.21 14.84
Installations
Total LT 40,508.23 27,981.09 24,355.74 17,407.97 6.01 6.22
Water supply
HT1 1,539.51 1,091.27 894.48 638.03 5.81 5.85
installations
HT Industrial
HT2 11,355.56 8,223.97 10,459.89 7,468.08 9.21 9.08
& Commercial
HT3 Lift Irrigation 464.66 443.94 165.95 157.97 3.57 3.56
HT4 HT Residential 137.08 83.14 107.95 57.94 7.87 6.97
HT5 HT Temporary 128.82 107.27 171.44 161.44 13.31 15.05
Total HT 13,625.63 9,949.59 11,799.71 8,483.46 8.66 8.53
Grand Total 54,133.86 37,930.68 36,155.45 25,891.43 6.68 6.83
420 Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19
Table 5.50 Energy sales, Average Tariff and Average Cost of Power supplied by ESCOMs
Energy Sales (MU) Average Tariff (Rs./kWh) Average Cost (Rs./kWh)
ESCOM 2017-18 2018-19 2017-18 2018-19 (ap- 2017-18 2018-19 (ap-
(approved) for proved) for 8 proved) for
(Actuals) 8 months (Actuals) months (Actuals) 8 months
BESCOM 25,967.28 17,961.95 6.94 7.09 7.07 7.09
MESCOM 4,878.69 3,061.89 6.45 6.84 6.48 6.84
HESCOM 10,699.28 7,769.24 6.44 6.53 7.46 6.53
GESCOM 6,510.89 5,010.96 6.51 6.63 7.17 6.63
CESC 5,793.19 3,938.55 6.36 6.50 6.95 6.50
HRECS 284.53 188.09 5.87 6.22 5.78 6.22
Total 54,133.86 37,930.68 6.68 6.83 7.08 6.83
Source: Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19
Subsidy in Power Sector 1. Time of Day Tariff Metering is made
There are a total number of 28,96,517 Bhagya mandatory for industrial consumers,
-\RWKL.XWLUD -\RWKL %-.- FRQQHFWLRQV DQG especially for HT consumers having sanction
27,14,176 irrigation pump sets in the State as load of 500 KVA and above.
of November-2018. The power supply to IP sets 2. ,QVWDOOLQJ (QHUJ\ (IÀFLHQW 6WUHHW /LJKWLQJ
has been made free with effect from 01.08.2008, Systems and Electronic Time Switches for
ZKHUHDV WKH %-.- EHQHÀFLDULHV KDYH EHHQ street light installations for switching “ON”
enjoying free power since a very long time. and “OFF”.
)URP WKH IUHH SRZHU VXSSO\ WR %-.- 3. Segregating agricultural loads from the
connections has been enhanced from 18 units to existing 11KV feeders through Niranthara
40 units per installation per month. The entire -\RWKL DQG 'HHQD 'D\DO 8SDGK\D\D *UDP
cost of supply of free power to agricultural -\RWKL <RMDQD ''8*-< VFKHPHV WR SURYLGH
VHFWRU %-.-FRQQHFWLRQVKDVEHHQPDGHJRRG 24X7 uninterrupted power supply to non-
by the State Government through subsidy. The agricultural loads in rural areas.
subsidy provided by the State Government during
4. Adoption of High Voltage Distribution System
the last 5 years and in 2018-19 (Upto November -
(HVDS) for agricultural loads in rural areas.
2018) is provided in Table 5.51.
5. Encouraging domestic consumers to use solar
Table 5.51 Subsidy Released by the State water heaters.
Government to Irrigation Pump Sets
6. Mandatory use of solar water heating systems
and BJ/KJ Connections
AND POWER
INDUSTRIES
for all residential buildings with a built up
Year
Subsidy released
Remarks area of 600 Sq. Ft and above falling within
(Rs. incr)
the limits of Municipalities/Corporations and
2013-14 5460.00 Bengaluru Development Authority, etc.
2014-15 6200.00
7. Mandatory use of LED in Government
Includes arrears of
2015-16 8143.29
Rs.1530.30 cr. buildings / Aided institutions / Boards /
Includes arrears of
Corporations.
2016-17 8646.77
Rs.692.72 cr. 0DQGDWRU\XVHRIVWDUUDWHGHQHUJ\HIÀFLHQW
2017-18 8841.00 irrigation pump sets conforming to standards
2018-19 (Upto
6018.20 prescribed by the Bureau of Energy
Nov-2018)
(IÀFLHQF\
Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19.
3URPRWLRQ RI HQHUJ\ HIÀFLHQW EXLOGLQJ
Demand Side Management (DSM) designs.
The Government of Karnataka has implemented
10. Adoption of Bachat Lamp Yojana launched
several programmes to conserve energy as part of E\ %XUHDX RI (QHUJ\ (IÀFLHQF\ %((
its Demand Side Management (DSM) initiatives. Government of India. 421
Some of the important programmes are:
11. Implementation of Solar Rooftop Karnataka Renewable Energy Development
programme. Limited (KREDL)
9LGK\XWK -DJUXWKL <RMDQD DQ DZDUHQHVV KREDL is the nodal agency for the development
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
programme on DSM activities for students. of renewable energy sources in Karnataka.
To harness green and clean renewable energy
13. Surya Raitha Scheme, a pilot project for
VRXUFHV LQ WKH 6WDWH IRU HQYLURQPHQWDO EHQHÀWV
arranging power supply to IP sets through
energy security and to initiate energy conservation
solar under net-metering concept for IP sets.
HIÀFLHQF\ PHDVXUHV LQ DOO WKH VHFWRUV IRU
14. Distribution of LED bulbs under Hosabelaku sustainable development, the Government of
WKURXJK((6/DVSDUWRI8-$/$6FKHPH Karnataka enacted a policy on renewable energy
ESCOMs are currently implementing a smart (for the period 2009-2014) on 19.01.2010.
grid pilot project and a project for implementation Solar Policy
of smart meter technologies for online recording of To harness the potential of solar resources in
energy consumption and provision of post-paid/ the State, Government of Karnataka issued Solar
pre-paid options to consumers of electricity 3ROLF\YLGHQRWLÀFDWLRQ1R(196&
2014 dated: 22.05.2014 with a target of 2000 MWs
Rural ElHFWULÀFDWLRQ
for purchase of solar energy by State ESCOMs.
Towards meeting the targets stipulated
Further, to be on par with the Government of
by the National Electricity Policy (NEP), the
India tariff policy dated: 28.01.2016, Government
State Government has planned initiatives for
of Karnataka amended the Solar Policy on
energisation of Villages, Hamlets, Harijan Bastis
12.01.2017 and the target is revised from
and Thandas. All the villages of Karnataka have
minimum 2000 MWs to minimum 6000 MWs for
EHHQHOHFWULÀHG
purchase of solar energy by State ESCOMs during
The ESCOMs have planned to energise Hamlets policy period.
and Thandas in a phased manner. The details of
Objectives of the Solar Policy
HOHFWULÀFDWLRQ VWDWXV LQ +DPOHWV +DULMDQ %DVWLV
x To add solar generation of minimum 6000
Thandas and IP sets during the last 5 years and
MW by 2021 in a phased manner by creating a
LQWKHFXUUHQWÀQDQFLDO\HDUDUHSURYLGHGLQTable
favourable industrial atmosphere.
5.52.
x To translate Karnataka into an investor
Table 5.52 Progress in Rural ElHFWULÀFDWLRQ
friendly state.
Irrigation Pump Hamlets/Harijan
sets ElectrLÀHd Bastis
x To encourage public private participation in
Year the sector.
Cumulative Thandas
No.(inlakhs) (OHFWULÀHG(Nos)
x To promote Solar Rooftop Generation and
2013-14 21.49 08 Technologies.
2014-15 22.03 182 x To encourage decentralized generation &
2015-16 23.33 25 distribution of energy where access to grid is
2016-17 25.06 3,041 GLIÀFXOW
2017-18 26.30 4,485 KREDL, the nodal agency, envisages private
2018-19 sector investment for renewable energy
(Upto Nov- 27.14 415 development in the State. The capacity addition
2018) under renewable energy during 2017-18 was
Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19. 5046.93 MW and it is 338.70 MW during 2018-19
upto November 2018 (as shown in Table 5.53).
Table 5.53 Capacity Additions under Renewable Energy
Capacity Addition (in MW)
Source 2018-19
2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18
(Upto Nov-2018)
422 Wind Power 183.00 320.10 230.90 882.32 875.00 63.90
Small/Mini Hydro 40.65 43.15 39.05* 8.00 8.50 1.50
Co-Generation 29.00* 28.00 79.50 134.00* 257.61 30.00
Solar (including solar rooftop) 17.00 57.38* 69.68* 958.44* 3905.82 243.30
Bio-mass 0.00* 12.85 15.00* 6.00* 0.00 0.00
Total 269.65 461.48 434.13 1988.76 5046.93 338.70
5HFRQFLOHGÀJXUHV
Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19
The cumulative progress in installed capacity additions in the renewable energy sector in the State
as on 30.11.2018 is shown in Table 5.54.Solar energy (including Solar Roof top) accounts for a major
share in the installed capacity.
Table 5.54 Cumulative Progress in Renewable Energy as on 30.11.2018 (in MW)
Source Potential Available Allotted Capacity* Installed Capacity
Wind Power 55857 18102.67 4737.56
Small/Mini Hydro 3100 3011.05 853.46
Co-Generation 2000 2177.65 1673.16
Solar (including solar roof top) 24700 9145.45 5265.62
Bio-mass 1000 391.18 134.03
MSW 0.00 25.50 0.00
Total 86657 32853.50 12663.83
*Alloted Capacity is the capacity allotted by the State Government to the developers.
Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19
Rural Energy Programmes envisaged in ‘Integrated Energy Policy’;
Three main schemes are being implemented x To provide bio-fertilizer/organic manure to re-
under Rural Energy Programmes through Rural duce use of chemical fertilizers;
Development and Panchayat Raj Department x To improve sanitation in villages by linking
viz; New National Bio-gas and Organic Manure sanitary toilets with bio-gas plants;
Programme (NNBOMP), Nutana Soura Belaku
x To mitigate Climate Change by preventing
Yojane and The Karnataka State Bio-fuel Policy
black carbon and methane emissions.
- 2009.
Based on the cattle population in the State, 6.80
AND POWER
INDUSTRIES
a) New National Bio-gas and Organic Manure lakh bio-gas plants can be constructed, of which,
Programme (NNBOMP) 4.52 lakh bio-gas plants have been constructed
Bio-gas is a clean, non-polluting, smoke and upto November 2018.
soot-free fuel, containing methane gas produced
%HQHÀFLDULHV DUH VHOHFWHG E\ WKH *UDPD
from cattle dung, human waste and other organic
Panchayats. In the State Budget, during 2018-
matter in a bio-gas plant through a process called
19, an amount of Rs.470 lakh has been provided
anaerobic digestion. The digested slurry can be
under District Sector.
used as a good quality manure in agricultural
ÀHOGV7KLVLVD&HQWUDO6HFWRU6FKHPH LVEHLQJ Physical and Financial Progress under New
implemented since 1982-83. This is a 100 per National Bio-gas and Organic Manure Programme
cent women oriented programme. (NNBOMP) from 2013-14 to 2018-19 (Upto end of
November - 2018).
Objectives
x To provide clean bio-gaseous fuel mainly for b) The Karnataka State Bio-fuel Policy - 2009.
cooking purposes with an objective of reducing The Karnataka State Bio-fuel Policy - 2009
use of LPG and other conventional fuels; has come into force from 1st March, 2009. It is
x To meet ‘lifeline energy’ needs for cooking gas a State Plan programme. This programme is 423
being implemented through Karnataka State Bio- at Grama Panchayat level. This programme
fuel Development Board. Rs. 387 lakh has been is implemented in one selected pilot district
provided for the year 2018-19. Rs.193.50 lakh from each Revenue Division. The programme is
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
has been released to Karnataka State Bio-fuel implemented through E-Procurement. For the
Development Board for implementation of bio-fuel year 2018-19, Rs. 350 lakh has been provided in
activities. the State budget.
c) Nutana Soura Belaku Yojane-Installation of 7KHSK\VLFDODQGÀQDQFLDOSURJUHVVXQGHU1XWDQD
Solar Street Lights at Grama Panchayats Soura Belaku Yojane during 2017-18 are given in
Nutana Soura Belaku Programme was started Table 5.55.
in 2009-10 for installation of Solar Street Lights
Table 5.55 Under Nutana Soura Belaku Yojane during 2017-18
Annual Target Achievement
Name of the District Physical Financial Physical Financial
(No.) (Rs. In Lakh) (No.) (Rs. In Lakh)
Gadag 885 250.00 877 250.00
Bagalkot 90 25.00 75 25.00
Dharwad 90 25.00 72 25.00
Kalburagi 90 25.00 69 25.00
Tumakuru 90 25.00 0 25.00
Ramanagar 90 25.00 74 25.00
Chamarajanagar 90 25.00 72 25.00
Total 1425 400.00 1239 400.00
Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19
Investment in Power Sector
KPCL has planned various projects to augment the generation capacity in the State during 2018-19.
Similarly, KPTCL is strengthening the system for easing transmission network congestion by
constructing power stations and lines etc.
7KHÀYH(6&20VDUHLPSOHPHQWLQJYDULRXVSURMHFWVIRUVWUHQJWKHQLQJGLVWULEXWLRQQHWZRUN
7KH 3ODQ 2XWOD\ DQG H[SHQGLWXUH LQFXUUHG GXULQJ WKH ODVW ÀYH \HDUV DQG GXULQJ XSWR
November - 2018 are given in Table 5.56
Table 5.56 Investment in Power Sector
5V,QCrore)
State Govt
IEBR
Internal Resources- Loans for Power
Total
for Power Projects Projects-DAS
Year KPCL KPTCL & ESCOMs -JICA
Plan Plan Plan Plan Plan
Expr. Expr. Expr. Expr. Expr.
Outlay Outlay Outlay Outlay Outlay
2013-14 2,808.00 2339.26 1250.00 1250.00 820.00 820.00 81.74 81.74 4959.74 4491.00
2014-15 2,850.00 2588.55 1200.00 1200.00 820.00 770.00 80.00 57.59 4950.00 4616.14
2015-16 2,685.00 2343.76 1200.00 1200.00 869.02 869.02 64.41 30.29 4818.43 4443.07
2016-17 2,526.51 1535.32 2476.80 2476.80 861.29 861.29 96.20 63.00 5960.80 4936.41
2017-18 1,822.00 968.14 2000.00 2005.14 3555.25 3555.25 - 7,377.25 6528.53
2018-19
(Upto 1404.00 185.77 2000.00 2179.69 1942.99 1942.99 - 5346.99 4308.45
Nov-18)
424
Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19.
Chapter VI
BANKING, CO-OPERATION, TRADE AND COMMERCE
A mong other things, the economic activities
associated with the organized and
evidences which fully attest that during ancient
DQG PHGLHYDO SHULRG WKHUH H[LVWHG WKH V\VWHP RI
unorganized sectors of Banking; the formation of LQGLJHQRXV EDQNLQJ RQ D ZLGH VFDOH UXQ E\ WKH
Co-operative institutions to facilitate for an easy and ORFDOPHUFKDQWVWUDGHUVEHVLGHVFROOHFWLYHO\E\WKH
VPRRWK ÁRZ RI DJULFXOWXUDO FUHGLW DW D UHDVRQDEOH trade guilds, merchant’s associations, temples and
rate of interest to agriculture and allied activities ORFDO DXWKRULWLHV 7KHVH ¶FRPPXQLW\ EDQNHUV· ZHUH
in rural areas; promotion of trade and commerce DFWLQJ DV WUXVWHHV IRU WKH SXEOLF PRQH\ 7HPSOHV
and related activities; in addition to creating DQGPRQDVWHULHVWRRDFWHGDVSXEOLFEDQNVWUXVWV
congenial atmosphere for the free and unhindered DQG SXEOLF ZDUHKRXVHV HQMR\LQJ WKH FRQÀGHQFH RI
JURZWKRIDERYHDFWLYLWLHVVXSSRUWHGE\JRRGPHDQV WKH JHQHUDO SXEOLF DV ZHOO DV ORFDO DXWKRULWLHV DQG
of Transport and communication facilities and WKHUR\DOIDPLOLHV7KHUHDUHOLWHUDU\HYLGHQFHVDERXW
other infrastructures, well-organized Regulated WKH H[LVWHQFH RI PRQH\ OHQGLQJ SUDFWLFHV LQ ,QGLD
markets, Warehousing etc., will really stimulate and even during the Vedic times (1200-1400 BC). Usury
FRQWULEXWHIRUWKHDFFHOHUDWLRQRIHFRQRPLFJURZWKRI ZDV SUDFWLFHG EXW ZDV KHOG LQ FRQWHPSW E\ 0DQX
WKHFRXQWU\E\JHQHUDWLQJLQFRPHFDSLWDOIRUPDWLRQ Kautilya’s ‘arthashastra’ recommends a rate of
through savings, and its proper investment through interest ranging from 15 to 60 per cent per annum
productive channels. IRUERWKVHFXUHGDQGXQVHFXUHGORDQV
7KHFRQFHSWRI%DQNLQJDVDÀQDQFLDOLQVWLWXWLRQ .DUQDWDNDKDVDXQLTXHDQGRXWVWDQGLQJSODFHLQ
and its functions, viz., modus operandi etc., have the annals of modern history of Indian Banking. It
changed from time to time, keeping in tune with KDVDQLQGHOLEOHSODFHLQWKHEDQNLQJPDSRI,QGLD
the economic, social and political changes that 7KH ULFK FRQWULEXWLRQV E\ RXU QDWLYH swadeshi
KDYHWDNHQSODFHIURPWLPHWRWLPH%XWWKHEDVLF HQWUHSUHQHXUV LQÁXHQFHG E\ WKH ´swadeshi
or core concept remains more or less unchanged movement”, especially from the former coastal
LH DFFHSWLQJ GHSRVLWV IURP WKH JHQHUDO SXEOLF district of South Canara (now Udupi and Dakshina
IRU OHQGLQJ RU LQYHVWPHQW UHSD\DEOH RQ GHPDQG RU .DQQDGD GLVWULFWV DQG WKH FRQWULEXWLRQ E\ WKH
otherwise. It is a well-known fact that the money HQWHUSULVLQJ WUDGHUV DQG VRFLDO ZRUNHUV RI %RPED\
HDUQV PRQH\ LQ WKH IUHH HFRQRP\ ,W LV REVHUYHG Karnataka areas for the promotion of Co-operative
WKDW%DQNLQJDVDQ2UJDQL]HGÀQDQFLDOLQVWLWXWLRQ %DQNV LQ WKH EHJLQQLQJ GXULQJ ZKHQ WKH
JRYHUQHG E\ WKH UHJXODWLRQV DQG FRQWURO RI WKH &RRSHUDWLYHPRYHPHQWKDGMXVWODXQFKHGLQ,QGLD
*RYHUQPHQW KDV UHVSRQGHG SRVLWLYHO\ LQ EULQJLQJ are worth recording for their illustrious services to
RXWVRFLRHFRQRPLFWUDQVIRUPDWLRQLQWKHEDFNZDUG WKHVRFLHW\,Q.DUQDWDNDWKHKLVWRU\RI8UEDQ&R
areas, and the neglected sectors of the economy RSHUDWLYH EDQNLQJ PRYHPHQW PD\ EH WUDFHG HYHQ
KDYH EHHQ VWLPXODWHG E\ PHDQV RI DGHTXDWH DQG EHIRUHWKHFRPPHQFHPHQWRI&RPPHUFLDOEDQNLQJ
targeted advances to the selected priority sectors 7RGD\ .DUQDWDND UDQNV WKLUG LQ WKH 8UEDQ &R
like Agriculture, Small Scale and rural industries RSHUDWLYH %DQNLQJ VHFWRU LQ WKH FRXQWU\ QH[W RQO\
DQGOHQGLQJWRZHDNHUDQGEDFNZDUGVHFWLRQVRIWKH WR*XMDUDWDQG0DKDUDVKWUD
society. This happened especially during the period
0RGHUQ %DQNLQJ KLVWRU\ RI ,QGLD LQ JHQHUDO DQG
of post Nationalization decades.
RUJDQL]HGVHFWRULQSDUWLFXODULVRIDERXW\HDUV
.DUQDWDND KDV DULFKDQGFUHGLEOHKLVWRULFDODQG ROGKDYLQJH[SHULHQFHGPDQ\XSVDQGGRZQVGXULQJ
FXOWXUDOKHULWDJHLQPDQDJLQJSXEOLFPRQH\RUSXEOLF WKH FRXUVH RI WLPH 7KH HVWDEOLVKPHQW RI WKUHH
ÀQDQFHE\VRFLRUHOLJLRXVLQVWLWXWLRQVZKLFKH[LVWHG Presidency Banks in the then Presidency towns
during early and medieval period. Temples also ZLWK WKH ÀQDQFLDO DQG DGPLQLVWUDWLYH SDUWLFLSDWLRQ
DFWHGDVEDQNVDQGWKHVRFLRHFRQRPLFDFWLYLWLHVRI E\ WKH (DVW ,QGLD &R YL] WKH %DQN RI %HQJDO LQ
425
the society revolved around the temples. There are &DOFXWWD WKH%DQNRI%RPED\ DQGWKH
DEXQGDQWLQVFULSWLRQDOOLWHUDU\DQGRWKHUKLVWRULFDO %DQN RI 0DGUDV KHUDOGHG WKH EHJLQQLQJ RI
mRGHUQEDQNLQJSUDFWLFHVGXUing the British rule. EUDQFKHV DW %HOJDXP +XEOL DQG
(YHQHDUOLHUWRWKLVWKHUHZHUHVSRUDGLFHIIRUWVIRU .XPWD 'KDUZDG DQG .XPWD EUDQFKHV
HVWDEOLVKLQJ%DQNVLQSULYDWHVHFWRUE\WKH-RLQW were opened mainly to facilitate cotton traders
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
6WRFN &RPSDQLHV IRUPHG E\ WKH %ULWLVK $JHQF\ GXULQJWKHFRWWRQERRPFDXVHGE\$PHULFDQ&LYLO
+RXVHVEXWWKHOLIHVSDQRIWKHVHLQVWLWXWLRQVZDV :DU 0DGUDV %DQN RSHQHG LWV EUDQFK
limited due to various reasons. In course of time, DW0DQJDORUH WRIDFLOLWDWHWKHFRDVWDOWUDGHUV
these Presidency Banks were allowed to open and missionaries engaged in industries. Later in
EUDQFKHVDQGSHUPLWWHGWRLVVXHQRWHVHWFZLWKLQ ,PSHULDO %DQN RI ,QGLD ZDV FRQVWLWXWHG DV
WKHLUMXULVGLFWLRQ a result of the merger of these three Presidency
Banks which consolidated and strengthened the
2XUSUHVHQWGD\EDQNLQJSUDFWLFHLVPXFKPRUH
Banking activities in India. After independence,
LQÁXHQFHGE\WKH%DQNRI(QJODQGHVWDEOLVKHGRQ
LQRUGHUWRKDYHVWURQJFDSLWDOEDVHDQGWRVHUYH
27th-XO\ IRUPHUO\FDOOHGWKH*RYHUQRUDQG
larger sections of the society, the then Imperial
&RPSDQ\RIWKH%DQNRI(QJODQGZDVWKHCentral
Bank was reconstituted as State Bank of India in
Bank of the United Kingdom and the model on
-XO\ZLWKWKHPHUJHURIVHYHQVWDWHRZQHG
ZKLFK PRVW PRGHUQ FHQWUDO EDQNV KDYH EHHQ
EDQNVIRXQGHGE\WKHSULQFHO\VWDWHVQRZFDOOHG
designed.
Associates of SBI group, which is the leading
&RPPHUFLDO %DQN LQ ,QGLD ZLWK ODUJHVW QXPEHU
RI EUDQFKHV DQG YROXPH RI %DQNLQJ EXVLQHVV LQ
India.
Unorganized Banking Sector
As elsewhere in the country, in Karnataka also,
LQWKHDEVHQFHRIDGHTXDWHQXPEHURIDJHQFLHVRU
Financial Institutions to cater to the growing needs
IRUFUHGLWLQWKHSXEOLFRU&RRSHUDWLYHVHFWRUWKH
An old photograph of Bank of England
3ULYDWH0RQH\OHQGHUVWKH3DZQ%URNHUV)LQDQFH
Co-operatives, Chit funds and the like, categorized
DVLQGLJHQRXVEDQNHUVKDYHGRPLQDWHGWKHUXUDO
agrarian economy, especially in meeting the credit
UHTXLUHPHQWV RI DJULFXOWXULVWV ODQG ODERXUHUV
artisans, rural craft-men, land less agriculturists,
small and marginal farmers, petty traders,
HWF 7KHVH SULYDWH PRQH\OHQGHUV DUH FDOOHG E\
different names in different parts of the country
viz., sahukars, zamindars, baniyas, chettiyars,
State Bank of Mysuru, Reserve Bank of India A.T.M. Unit
Bengaluru Calcutta mahajans, sheroffs, shets, marwadis, etc.,
,Q,QGLDWKHPRGHUQEDQNLQJV\VWHPZDVLQLWLDWHG 6LQFHWKHEHJLQQLQJWKHPRQH\OHQGLQJSUDFWLFH
ZLWK WKH HVWDEOLVKPHQW RI WKH 3UHVLGHQF\ %DQN LV FRQVLGHUHG DV D SURÀWDEOH EXVLQHVV DQG
of Bengal at Kolkata (formerly called Calcutta) HDV\ PHDQV WR HDUQ ,W FDQ EH SUDFWLFHG E\ DOO
LQ ,Q FRXUVH RI WLPH D EUDQFK RSHQHG E\ communities who ever had surplus funds of their
WKH %RPED\ 3UHVLGHQF\ %DQN DW 'KDUZDG DV RZQ (YHQ WKRXJK &RRSHUDWLYHV FRPPHUFLDO
HDUO\ DV LQ LV FRQVLGHUHG WR EH WKH HDUOLHVW EDQNV DQG JRYHUQPHQW DJHQFLHV ZHUH H[WHQGLQJ
RUJDQL]HGSXEOLFVHFWRUEDQNEUDQFKLQ.DUQDWDND DJULFXOWXUDOFUHGLWOLEHUDOO\LWLVYHU\PHDJHUDERXW
IROORZHGE\DEUDQFKRI0DGUDV3UHVLGHQF\%DQN WR per cent only, compared to the growing
HVWDEOLVKHGDW%DQJDORUH&DQWRQPHQW WKHSUHVHQW demand for agricultural credit and for other
5HJLRQDO2IÀFHRI6%, GXULQJ,QFRXUVHRI allied operations to support agriculture. There
WLPH PDQ\ PRUH EUDQFKHV ZHUH RSHQHG E\ WKH ZDVDZLGHPLVVPDWFKEHWZHHQWKHGHPDQGDQG
%RPED\ DQG 0DGUDV 3UHVLGHQF\ %DQNV WR FDWHU VXSSO\RIUXUDOFUHGLW7KHEXVLQHVVFRPPXQLWLHV
WKH ÀQDQFLDO QHHGV RI (XURSHDQ WUDGHUV DQG from North India like marwadis, gujaratis, jains,
multhani and other bankers, and chettiyars from
426 %XVLQHVV+RXVHVHQJDJHGLQWKHH[SRUWRI,QGLDQ
JRRGV/DWHU%RPED\3UHVLGHQF\%DQNRSHQHGLWV Tamil Nadu came and settled in important trading
centres of Karnataka, with the fall of Tipu in ZHUH HVWDEOLVKHG LQ PDLQO\ WR IDFLOLWDWH
WKH\ÁRXULVKHGZHOO7KHVHPLJUDWHGPRQH\ WKH(XURSHDQZRPHQHQJDJHGLQPRQH\OHQGLQJ
OHQGHUVMRLQHGWKHORFDOIUDWHUQLW\7KH\FRPELQHG ´EHFDXVHUHVSHFWDEOHODGLHVIRXQGLWLQFRQYHQLHQW
ERWK EDQNLQJ DQG WUDGLQJ LQFOXGLQJ 3DZQ to attend the courts meant for commoners”.
EURNHULQJDQGZHUHDOVRHQJDJHGLQhundi (ELOORI
The modus operandi of the native money lenders
H[FKDQJH EXVLQHVV
of Bangalore cantonment and their special
7KHUH DUH QXPEHU RI LQVWDQFHV ZKHUHLQ VRPH character features were of much interesting
of these powerful and rich money lenders used WR REVHUYH DV LOOXVWUDWHG E\ WKH %ULWLVK 3ULPH
WR ÀQDQFH WKH ORFDO UXOHUV RU UR\DO IDPLOLHV DQG 0LQLVWHU:LQVWRQ&KXUFKLOOZKRZDVVWDWLRQHGDW
LQWXUQXVHGWRHQMR\WKHULJKWVDQGSULYLOHJHVRI %HQJDOXUXLQ DVDQDUP\RIÀFHU $FFRUGLQJ
collection of local land revenue or tolls etc., and WR KLV PHPRLUV WKH UDWH RI LQWHUHVW FKDUJHG E\
some of them even used to manage royal mints, the native money lenders was two per cent per
DQGH[FKDQJHRIFXUUHQFLHV7KHUHDUHUHFRUGVWR PRQWKDQGWKH\PDGHTXLWHJRRGOLYLQJRXWRILW
DWWHVWWKHH[LVWHQFHRIYHU\ULFKPRQH\OHQGHUVLQ +HGHVFULEHVWKHPDV´JHQWOHPHQDQGIRXQGWKHP
Bengaluru during 18th century. Hyder Ali while PRVWDJUHHDEOHYHU\IDWYHU\XUEDQHTXLWHKRQHVW
VHUYLQJLQWKH0\VRUHDUP\ERUURZHGDKXJHVXP and mercilessly rapacious. They hardly ever had
RI5VODNKIURPWKHEDQNHUV·RI%HQJDOXUXLQ EDGGHEWVµ
1760, in order to carry out his military operations.
It is also recorded that Hyder Ali himself was ´$ *XLGH WR %HQJDOXUX µ UHPDUNV WKDW WKH
engaged in some kLQG RI ÀQDQFLQJ RU PRQH\ sahukarLVTXLWHDQLQVWLWXWLRQLQ%HQJDOXUXDQG
OHQGLQJ´LIKHKDSSHns to advance money to any every regiment had its own sahukars through
one of his servants, the third part of his pay was whose hands a large sum of government money
WR EH VWRSSHG XQWLO WKH ERUURZHG DPRXQW ZDV SDVVHV +H LV YHULWDEOH EORRG 6XFNHU DQG VRRQ
DPDVVHVDIRUWXQH%HVLGHVEHLQJDEDQNHUKHLV
refunded”.
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It is also recorded that Asaf Zahi rulers (Nizam to accommodate on security or otherwise the
RI +\GHUDEDG LQ GXULQJ UHVLGHQW &KDUOHV QHHGVRIDOOFODVVHVµ7KH\DUHGHVFULEHGDV+LQGX
0HWFDOI·V WHQXUH KDG ERUURZHG D KXJH VXP RQ Bankers and sahukars.
H[RUELWDQWUDWHRILQWHUHVW per cent) p.a. from
Regulations: Once totally free from any
3$0$5 &2&DOFXWWDWRFOHDUWKHGHEWRI(DVW
UHJXODWLRQV PRQH\ OHQGLQJ EXVLQHVV DPRXQWHG
India Co., Further in 1851, the Nizam had to
WR YDULRXV W\SHV RI DEXVHV DQG H[SORLWDWLRQV RI
surrender or assign the income of Raichur and
the poor, helpless, and unorganized sections
RWKHU DUHDV WR (DVW ,QGLD &R IRU KLV LQDELOLW\ WR
of the society in addition to usurious practices.
FOHDUWKHGHEW
6XEVHTXHQWO\ DV D SUHYHQWLYH PHDVXUH PRQH\
Bengaluru (Cantonment) the Hub of Money lending profession came under the regulatory
Lending FRQWURO E\ WKH 6WDWH *RYHUQPHQW IURP WLPH WR
$IWHU WKH IDOO RI 7LSSX LQ GXULQJ WKH WLPHE\HQDFWLQJVHULHVRIOHJLVODWLRQVLQRUGHUWR
British rule, Bengaluru Cantonment was formed SUHYHQWYDULRXVW\SHVRIH[SORLWDWLRQVDEXVHVE\
LQ DQG LW ZDV ZHOO NQRZQ IRU LWV PRQH\ some of the unscrupulous money lenders. The
OHQGLQJEXVLQHVVRQODUJHVFDOHE\WKH(XURSHDQ earliest legislation in this respect was enacted
money-lenders, including the widows of many LQ DQGWKHODWHVWEHLQJLQ DQGVHYHUDO
DPHQGPHQWV KDYH EHHQ LQFRUSRUDWHG WR VXLW WKH
TRADE AND COMMERCE
GHFHDVHG %ULWLVK DUP\ RIÀFHUV· 7KHUH ZHUH DOVR
CO-OPERATION,
changes that have taken place from time to time.
D JRRG QXPEHU RI 1DWLYH %DQNHUV NQRZQ DV
BANKING,
%\ WKH HQG RI 0DUFK WKHUH ZHUH
´hindusahukars”.
PRQH\ OHQGHUV SDZQ EURNHUV DQG
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with fascinating names associated with religion,
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caste, personality, cult etc., the cantonment area
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the historical city of Palaces.
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Sringeri Sharada Bank (Chikkamagaluru district) for a limited period in different parts of Karnataka;
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adopting the British system of administration in them seven originated from Dakshina Kannada,
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industry in Bengaluru.
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Joint Stock Banks in the Princely Mysore originated outside the state, made an entry into
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in 1868 with a share capital of Rs.Seven lakh and 7KH QXPEHU RI %DQNV IURP RXWVLGH .DUQDWDND
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the State Government etc., have stimulated the
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present South Canara, Udupi, Coorg and Bellary
organizations have stimulated the growth of
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Bengaluru in particular; in addition to regular
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promotion and development of industries, trade and allied activities for generating income, growing
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sector. As elsewhere in the country, in Karnataka WUDGH UDSLG LQGXVWULDOL]DWLRQ XUEDQL]DWLRQV
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during the era of post nationalization. YHUWLFDODQGKRUL]RQWDOJURZWKRIEDQNLQJDFWLYLWLHV
in the state.
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that had prevailed prior to independence and HUD $W SUHVHQW DOO WKH GLVWULFWV RI .DUQDWDND
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areas. They have facilitated the cause of promotion
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of Integrated Rural Development and other allied
serving per lakh population, Karnataka stood
rural development activities. Now, lending policy
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harmony with Government Policies and programs
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according to plan priorities of the Central
list of developed States, the rank of Karnataka
Government and was target and result oriented;
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much emphasis is given for the purpose of loan
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than the person, and priority in lending, is given
compared to some other developed states within
for hither to neglected sections of the society and
the Country.
sectors of the economy especially for the weaker,
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after the then Deputy Finance minister) during
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It was 45 per cent. Karnataka was in eighth rank
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and policies that followed immediately after the
which was higher than the national average of
nationalization i.e., Lead Bank scheme, Credit
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plan, Adoption of villages and Co-operatives for
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economic programs, anthyodaya, etc., Service
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area approach for lending in rural areas, social
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crores State development loans Rs.14.10 crores,
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while in other states loans were accounted to
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Central Government (50 per cent), sponsoring SHU FHQW ORDQV XQGHU ',5 5V
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5VODNKVORDQVXQGHU,5'35V IUHHG,QRUGHUWRH[WHQGOLEHUDOFUHGLWIDFLOLWLHVWR
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percentage of priority sector advances to total EDQNV 1DWLRQDO %DQN IRU $JULFXOWXUH DQG 5XUDO
KARNATAKA
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DGYDQFHV SHU FHQW SHU EUDQFK GHSRVLWV DQG 'HYHORSPHQW 1$%$5' ZDV VSRQVRUHG E\ WKH
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Rural advances Rs.1,24,724 lakhs.
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money transfer facilities – and many more. The
and also many states. In aggregate deposits
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and gross credit the state holds 4th and 5th rank
all these new technologies in his modus operandi
respectively. Thus, Karnataka state is moderate
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care and strict preventive measures are adopted 5HJLRQDO5XUDO%DQNV DQG&RPPHUFLDOEDQNV
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as such very important facilities to the customers
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companies regarding determination of rate of
interest on deposits and rate of lending etc., were lakh less than 10 lakh) 1550, metros with more
than 10 lakhs population.
Spread of Banking etc. The centrally sponsored, National Bank for
,Q H[FHSW %HQJDOXUX &LW\ GLVWULFW Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD)
%HODJDYL KDG KLJKHVW QXPEHU RI EUDQFKHV DQG LV DQ DSH[ ÀQDQFLDO LQVWLWXWLRQ SOD\V D OHDG
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5DPDQDJDU *DGDJ5XUDO 8GXSL5XUDO plans (PLPS), and annual action plans at the grass
.RSSDO 8UEDQ 8WWDUD .DQQDGD DQG root level.
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.DODEXUDJL 5DLFKXU DQG <DGJLU DUH FRQVLGHUHG ÀQDQFHLQWKHVWDWHKDVUHVXOWHGLQH[SDQVLRQRI
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to mass on large scale, the representative called LQ -XO\ WKHUH ZHUH EDQN EUDQFKHV LQ
%DQNLQJ &RUUHVSRQGHQFH DUH EHLQJ DSSRLQWHG WR Karnataka, during these four and half decades,
VHUYHDVRQHPDQEUDQFKWRGHOLYHUGRRUVHUYLFHV RQH FDQ ÀQG D SUROLIHUDWH JURZWK RI EDQNLQJ LQ
RIEDQNLQJVSHFLDOO\LQUHPRWHUXUDODUHDV WKH VWDWH DGGLQJ EUDQFKHV E\ PDUFK
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2000 without prior approval. During 2011, in area i.e., ‘grameena Banks’ has reduced the wide
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Performance of Banking in General
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infrastructure. As said earlier the State has
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8500 which is less than National average of 14,000
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states. In aggregate deposits and gross credit the
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state holds 4th and 5th ranks respectively. Thus
WKUHHIRXUWK RI WKH EDQNLQJ EXVLQHVV &XUUHQWO\
.DUQDWDNDLVPRGHUDWHLQEDQNLQJQHWZRUNDVZHOO
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are operating in the State. Deployment of credit in Deposits and Advances
rural area is mainly done through Co-operatives, 7KH DJJUHJDWH GHSRVLWV RI DOO WKH EDQNV
FRPPHUFLDO EDQNV DQG 55%V ZKLOH WKH FUHGLW (commercial, RRBs and co-operative) stood at
for industries and service sectors is channelized 5V FURUHDVDWWKHHQGRI0DUFK
through special agencies like K.S.F.C. (Karnataka an increase of Rs.28,542 crore compared to
TRADE AND COMMERCE
State Finance Corporation). I.F.C., (Industrial
CO-OPERATION,
ODVW \HDU 0DUFK UHJLVWHULQJ D JURZWK RI
Finance Co-operation of India), I.D.B.I. (Industrial
BANKING,
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Development Bank of India) in addition to leading
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FRPPHUFLDO EDQNV WKURXJK WKHLU VSHFLDOL]HG
5VFURUHDVDJDLQVWWKHOHYHORIDGYDQFHV
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and Development Corporation (K.S.I.D.C.) is
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acting as nodal agency to formulate the proposals
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VSHFLDO HFRQRPLF 'HYHORSPHQW =RQHV 6(=V last year. For more details see Table 6.1.
Table 6.1 Performance of Scheduled Commercial Banks
Sl.
Indicator UNIT 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18
No
KARNATAKA
Branch Network
HAND BOOK OF
A) Commercial Banks NO. 7,826 8,168
B) Regional Rural Banks NO.
1
C) Co-operative Banks etc NO. 1,058
Total NO. 10,502 10,968 10,807
Deposits
A) Commercial Banks Rs. in Crore
2 B) Regional Rural Banks Rs. in Crore
C) Co-operative Banks etc Rs. in Crore 24,570.27 27,084.67
Total Rs. in Crore 6,87,935.33 7,72,382.87 8,00,925.81
Advances
A) Commercial Banks Rs. in Crore 5,00,601.57 5,52,868.62
B) Regional Rural Banks Rs. in Crore 27,742.14
C) Co-operative Banks etc Rs. in Crore
Total Rs. in Crore 5,20,342.59 5,63,208.99 6,15,843.41
Credit-Deposit Ratio
A) Commercial Banks % 70.68 75.62
4 B) Regional Rural Banks % 80.72
C) Co-operative Banks etc % 121.0
Total % 76.00 72.92 76.89
Source : State Level Bankers’ Committee, Karnataka
Priority Sector Advances crore constituting 8.88 per cent of the total
7KH3ULRULW\VHFWRUDGYDQFHVRIDOOEDQNVLQWKH advances with an increase of Rs.7,158 crore
6WDWH DPRXQWHG WR 5V FURUH LQ 0DUFK RYHU WKH SUHYLRXV \HDU &UHGLW GLVEXUVHG E\
DV DJDLQVW 5V FURUH DV DW 0DUFK EDQNV WR 060( VHFWRUV LQ WKH VWDWH LQ 0DUFK
2017 showing an increase of Rs.5,578 crore and LV5VFURUHIURP5V FURUHLQ
UHFRUGLQJDJURZWKRISHUFHQW,WFRQWULEXWHG the previous year. Advances to Weaker section
to 42.48 per cent in total advances, which is DFFHOHUDWHGWR5VFURUHLQ0DUFKDV
PDUJLQDOO\KLJKHUWKDQWKHEHQFKPDUNOHYHORI DJDLQVW5VFURUHUHFRUGHGLQ0DUFK
SHUFHQWVWLSXODWHGE\5%, which recorded as increase of Rs.7,158 crore.
7KH DJULFXOWXUDO DGYDQFHV DV RQ 0DUFK Similarly, advances to women stood at
ZHUHWRWKHWXQHRI5VFURUHFRQVWLWXWLQJ FURUH LQ 0DUFK DV DJDLQVW
SHUFHQWRIWKHWRWDODGYDQFHVRI%DQNVDV crore made in the corresponding period of 2016.
against the mandatory level of 18 per cent. 'HWDLOVRIDGYDQFHVWRSULRULW\VHFWRUE\EDQNVLQ
Karnataka from 2016 to 2018 are given in Table
Advances to weaker section stood at Rs.87,745
6.2.
Table 6.2 Distribution of Priority Sector Advances (Amount in Crore)
March 2016 March 2017 March 2018
Sl. Per cent to Per cent to Per cent
Indicator
No. Advances Total Advances Total Advances to Total
Advances Advances Advances
1 Total Advances 5,22,155 - - -
Total Priority Sector
45.47 2,61,671 42.48
2 Advances (PSA)
Agriculture 1,16,007 20.60 21.28
4 060(
5 Weaker Sections 74,048 14.18 80,587 87,745 14.25
Source : State Level Bankers Committee
Status of implementation of Rural connectivity to villages and marketing centers
Infrastructure Development Fund (RIDF) DQG LPSURYHPHQWV LQ WKH TXDOLW\ RI OLIH WKURXJK
*RYW RI ,QGLD LQ DQQRXQFHG WKH facilities in education health and drinking water
scheme for setting up of Rural Infrastructure supply.
'HYHORSPHQW )XQG 5,') ZLWKLQ WKH DSH[ Programme status
LQVWLWXWLRQ 1$%$5' IRU ÀQDQFLQJ UXUDO In Karnataka, till Dec-2018 an aggregate
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&RPPHUFLDO %DQNV ERWK LQ SXEOLF DQG SULYDWH E\ WKH 1DWLRQDO %DQN IRU $JULFXOWXUH DQG 5XUDO
VHFWRUVZKLFKDUHXQDEOHWRPHHWWKHLUWDUJHWVIRU Development (NABARD) under RIDF tranches
SULRULW\ VHFWRUDJULFXOWXUDO OHQGLQJ DUH UHTXLUHG ;9,,, WR ;;,,, 7KH FRPSOHWHG SURMHFWV
to deposit the short fall amount in to the RIDF LQFOXGH UXUDO URDGV UXUDO EULGJHV PLQRU
ZLWK1$%$5'VXFKDPRXQWVDVPD\EHDOORFDWHG LUULJDWLRQ SURMHFWV PHGLXP LUULJDWLRQ SURMHFWV
WRWKHPE\WKH5HVHUYH%DQNRI,QGLDGHSHQGLQJ VFKRRO EXLOGLQJV KRVWHOV UXUDO JRGRZQV UXUDO
XSRQ WKH H[WHQW RI WKHLU VKRUWIDOO VXEMHFW WR D PDUNHWV$QJDQZDGLEXLOGLQJV+HDOWKIDFLOLWLHV
ceiling of 1.5 per cent. The initial corpus fund SRO\WHFKQLF EXLOGLQJV 5XUDO VHUYLFH FHQWHUV DQG
ZDV5VFURUHLQ DQGWKLVIXQGKDV ÀVKMHWWLHV
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EHLQJDQQRXQFHGHYHU\\HDULQWKH8QLRQ%XGJHW The annual target for Credit linking of
Karnataka got a normative allocation of Rs.800 6+*VIRUWKH\HDU %DQNVKDYH
&URUH LQ IRU LPSOHPHQWLQJ ZRUNV XQGHU &UHGLW OLQNHG 6+*V XSWR WKH TXDUWHU
RIDF-XXIV. The rate of interest charged on loans HQGLQJ -XQH RI ZKLFK 6+*V KDYH
to State Government is at 5.25 per cent with EHHQ &UHGLW OLQNHG GLUHFWO\ DQG 6+*V KDYH
effect from 01.08.2018. EHHQ &UHGLW OLQNHG LQGLUHFWO\ 7KH SHUIRUPDQFH
RI EDQNV XQGHU &UHGLW OLQNDJH RI 6+*V VWRRG DW
*RYHUQPHQW XWLOL]HG LQVWLWXWLRQDO ÀQDQFH SHUFHQW7KHH[FHOOHQWZRUNGRQHE\%DQNV
from National Bank for Agriculture and PD\EHFRQWLQXHGWRVXUSDVVWKHDQQXDOWDUJHWRI
Rural Development (NABARD) under Rural credit linking of 250000 SHGs well in time.
Infrastructure Development Fund Scheme for
ÀQDQFLQJ YDULRXV GHYHORSPHQWDO SURJUDPPHV LQ 7KH PDMRU %DQNLQJ &RPSDQLHV RSHUDWLQJ LQ
WKH6WDWHWRVXSSOHPHQWSODQÀQDQFLQJ,QRUGHUWR .DUQDWDNDDUHDVIROORZV $EX'KDEL&RPPHUFLDO
select and prioritize the works for loan assistance %DQN $OODKDEDG %DQN $QGKUD %DQN $[LV
IURP1$%$5',QVWLWXWLRQDOPHFKDQLVPKDVEHHQ Bank; Bank of America; Bank of India; Bank of
VHWXS D&DELQHW6XE&RPPLWWHHRQ5,')KDV 0DKDUDVKWUD %DQNRI1RYDVFRWLD %DUFOD\V%DQN
EHHQ FRQVWLWXWHG XQGHU WKH FKDLUPDQVKLS RI WKH %133DULEDV &DQDUD%DQN &DWKROLF6\ULDQ%DQN
+RQ·EOH0LQLVWHUIRU3XEOLF:RUNV$+LJK3RZHU Cauvery Kalpatharu Grameena Bank; Central
&RPPLWWHH +3& KDV DOVR EHHQ FRQVWLWXWHG Bank of India; Chikmagalur-Kodagu Grameena
under the Chairmanship of the Additional Chief %DQN &LWLEDQN &LW\ 8QLRQ %DQN &RUSRUDWLRQ
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Secretary to Government and Development Bank; Credit Agricole Bank; DBS Bank; Deutsche
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progress in the implementation of the scheme is 6KDQJDL %DQNLQJ &RUSRUDWLRQ ,&,&, %DQN
DOVREHLQJPRQLWRUHGE\1$%$5' IDBI Bank; Indian Bank; Indian Overseas Bank;
,QGXV ODQG %DQN ,1* 9\V\D %DQN -DPPX
7KH EHQHÀWV DFFUXLQJ IURP 5,') SURJUDPPH Kashmir Bank; Karnataka Bank; Karnataka
ZKLFK KDYH DOUHDG\ EHHQ PDGH E\ 6WDWH Vikas Grameena Bank; Karur Vysya Bank; Kotak
Governments include creation of additional 0DKLQGUD%DQN .ULVKQD%KLPD6DPUXGGKL/$%
irrigation potential, generation of additional Krishna Grameena Bank; Lakshmi Vilas Bank;
employment, all-weather connectivity/improved
Oriental Bank of Commerce; Pragathi Grameena JOHZLQGRZZLWKÁH[LEOHDQGVLPSOLÀHGSURFHGXUH
%DQN 3XQMDE 6LQG%DQN 3XQMDE1DWLRQDO%DQN adopting whole farm approach including short
Ratnakar Bank; Royal Bank of Scotland; South term and term credit needs. The scheme has also
KARNATAKA
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Indian Bank; Standard Chartered Bank; State EHHQ WLHG XS ZLWK 3HUVRQDO $FFLGHQW ,QVXUDQFH
%DQN RI %LNDQHU -DLSXU 6WDWH %DQN RI ,QGLD Scheme (PAIS) wherein card holders are insured
6WDWH%DQNRI+\GHUDEDG 6WDWH%DQNRI0\VRUH up to Rs.50,000/- at a nominal premium of Rs.15
State Bank of Patiala; State Bank of Travancore for three years.
EDQNVPHUJHGZLWK6WDWH%DQNRI,QGLD:LWKHIIHFW
1$%$5'LVPRQLWRULQJWKHLVVXHRI$70HQDEOHG
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.&&V DQG WKH FRYHUDJH RI HOLJLEOH IDUPHUV DQG
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also supporting RRBs and Co-operative Banks
UCO Bank; Union Bank of India; United Bank of
out of FITF for providing RuPay KCC to their farm
,QGLD 9LVYHVKYDUD\D *UDPHHQD %DQN <HV %DQN ORDQHHV ZKLFK DUH RSHUDEOH LQ $70V DQG 326
DQG%DQNRI%DURGD 'HQD%DQNDQG9LMD\D%DQN VHUYLFHV 7KH LQWHUFKDQJH FKDUJHV LV EHLQJ UHLP-
merged with Bank of Baroda With effect from 1st EXUVHG WR 55%V DQG &RRSHUDWLYHV E\ 1$%$5'
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training programmes in all districts of
Karnataka for Bankers/NGOs/PRIs/SHG Regional Rural Banks (RRBs)
PHPEHUV The Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) have
2. (QWUHSUHQHXUV 'HYHORSPHQW 3URJUDPPH HYROYHG LQWR D PDMRU LQVWLWXWLRQ WRZDUGV FUHGLW
0('3 IRU6+*PHPEHUV dispensation in rural area since their inception.
7KHVHEDQNVKDYHEHHQSURPRWHGWRVHUYHWKHUXUDO
/LYHOLKRRG (QWHUSULVHV 'HYHORSPHQW
DUHDV ZLWK VSHFLÀF REMHFWLYHV 2ZLQJ WR YDULRXV
3URJUDPPHIRU6+*VKDYHEHHQVDQFWLRQHGWR
UHIRUP PHDVXUHV WKHVH EDQNV KDYH DFKLHYHG
take up income generating activities on cluster
FRQVLGHUDEOH RSHUDWLRQDO DQG ÀQDQFLDO VWDELOLW\
EDVLV ZLWK H[WHQVLRQ RI PDUNHWLQJ VXSSRUW E\
LQ UHFHQW \HDUV &RQVLGHULQJ RSHUDWLRQ IHDVLELOLW\
the Implementing Agency.
WKHVH EDQNV ZHUH DPDOJDPDWHG IURP WR LQ
4. &RQGXFWHG 6WUDWHJ\ 0HHWV RI &RPPHUFLDO DQGIURPWRLQ1RYHPEHUDQGWR
Banks, RRBs and Co-operative Banks for LQ$XJXVW
IRUPXODWLRQ RI VWUDWHJLHV IRU UHMXYHQDWLRQ RI
6+*%/3DQGRIIWDNHRI-/*SURJUDPPHLQWKH In accordance with the policy decision taken
State. E\ WKH *RYHUQPHQW RI ,QGLD 55%V VSRQVRUHG
E\&DQDUD%DQNZHUHDPDOJDPDWHGLQWRRQHDQG
5. &RQGXFWRIH[KLELWLRQRI6+*-/*SURGXFWVDW renamed as Pragathi Grameena Bank. Similarly,
6WDWHOHYHOKDVDOVRIDFLOLWDWHGWKHPWRH[WHQG DQRWKHU 55%V VSRQVRUHG E\ 6\QGLFDWH %DQN
WKHLUPDUNHWLQXUEDQDUHDVLQ%HQJDOXUXDQG were a malgamated andrenamed as Karnataka
other parts of the country through e-marketing. 9LNDV *UDPHHQD %DQN 7KH 55%V VSRQVRUHG E\
6. Grant support is provided to Banks for WKH6WDWH%DQNRI0\VRUH&RUSRUDWLRQ%DQNDQG
organizing Village Level Programmes through 9LMD\D %DQN ZHUH DPDOJDPDWHG LQWR RQH ZHI
WKHLU 5XUDO DQG 6HPLXUEDQ EUDQFKHV IRU 1-11-2012 and renamed as Kaveri Grameena
strengthening the SHG movement and %DQN0\VRUHXQGHUWKHVSRQVRUVKLSRI6WDWH%DQN
awareness creation. RI0\VRUH6LPLODUO\3UDJDWKL*UDPHHQD%DQNDQG
Krishna Grameena Bank were amalgamated into
Kisan Credit Cards D VLQJOH 55% ZHI DQG UHQDPHG
)RU WLPHO\ ÁRZ RI FUHGLW WR IDUPHUV WKH .LVDQ as Pragathi Krishna Grameena Bank. The State
&UHGLW&DUG .&& 6FKHPHZDVLQWURGXFHGE\WKH Government in accordance with the provisions of
*RYHUQPHQW RI ,QGLD *R, GXULQJ 7KH 6HFWLRQRI55%$FW KDVPDGHSHUFHQW
VFKHPH DLPV DW SURYLGLQJ DGHTXDWH DQG WLPHO\ FRQWULEXWLRQWRZDUGVHTXLW\VKDUHWRDOOWKH55%V
FUHGLWIRUWKHUHTXLUHPHQWVRIIDUPHUVXQGHUDVLQ-
in the state. For more details see Table 6.3.
Table 6.3 Flow of bank Credit to Agriculture and Allied Sector from R.R.B’S.
As on 31/03/2017
(Rs in Lakhs)
Regional Rural Banks
Sl.
District No.of Agriculture
No Other Loan Total Loan Deposits
Branches Loan
1 Bengaluru 50 68,050.02 71,500.08
2 Bengaluru (R) 21 11,184.22 21,724.16
Ramanagara 15
4 Chitradurga 1,05,785.02
5 Davanagere 64 80,725.12 1,16,026.66
6 Kolar
7 &KLNNDEDOODSXU 17,011.65
8 Shivamogga 42 71,846.14
Tumakuru 75
10 Chikkamagaluru 56 52,724.86
11 Dakshina Kannada 26 7,881.51 26,725.88
12 Udupi
Hassan 61
14 Kodagu 26 8,146.07
15 0DQG\D 4,12,82.27
16 0\VXUX 71,615.05 40,815.07
17 &KDPDUDMDQDJDUD 28
TRADE AND COMMERCE
18 Belagavi 165 1,52,455.11
CO-OPERATION,
BANKING,
9LMD\DSXUD
20 Bagalkot 74
21 Dharwad 76 67,827.68 2,77,441.4
22 Gadag 60
Haveri 78 1,21,526.51
KARNATAKA
24 Uttara Kannada 46 24,066.42
HAND BOOK OF
25 Ballari 87 4,24,771.10
26 Bidar 54
27 .DODEXUDJL 87 1,26,750.15
28 <DGDJLU 46,585.68
Raichur 66 1,60,156.65
Koppal 51
State 1,769 19,03,900.32 9,13,218.63 27,74,100.60 36,99,368.93
Source: Karnataka State At Glance 2016-17
Co-operative Credit 'XULQJDOOWKH'&&%VLQWKH
The Co-operative credit system in Karnataka 6WDWHKDYHVKRZQSURÀWV7KHVHFUHGLWLQVWLWXWLRQV
has its own place in the credit delivery of rural provide short, medium and long term credit to
DQG XUEDQ DUHDV $SDUW IURP XUEDQ FRRSHUDWLYH PACS and other societies at grass root level and
EDQNV WKH PDMRU 3ULPDU\ $JULFXOWXUDO &R GHDOGLUHFWO\ZLWKLQGLYLGXDOERUURZHUVDOVR
operative Society/Banks are operating in rural
b. Long Term Credit Co-operative Credit
areas. Unlike in other states, in Karnataka two
Structure (LTCCS)
type of Co-operative Credit Institutions are
Karnataka State co-operative Agriculture and
functioning, one is looking after short term and
Rural development Bank (KASCARD) at the State
medium term credit and another looking after
level and Primary Co-operative Agriculture and
credit needs of long term.
5XUDO'HYHORSPHQW%DQNDWWDOXNOHYHOQXPEHULQJ
a. Short term and medium term Credit- 177 cater to the long term credit needs in the two
Co-Operative Structure (STCCS) tier credit delivery system. The National Bank for
7KH .DUQDWDND 6WDWH &RRSHUDWLYH $SH[ Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD)
%DQN WKURXJK LWV DIÀOLDWHG 'LVWULFW &HQWUDO &R SURYLGHVUHÀQDQFHWRWKH.$6&$5'%DQN.
operative Bank (DCCB) and Primary Agriculture
c. Agricultural loan disbursement
Co-operative Societies (PACS) at the village level
$VRQWKHVKRUWWHUP 67 0HGLXP
H[WHQGV VKRUW WHUP FUHGLW WR WKH IDUPHUV DQG
WHUP 07 DQG /RQJ WHUP /7 ORDQV LVVXHG E\
RWKHUV 7KH WRWDO QXPEHU RI '&&%6 LV ZLWK
the co-operative credit system in the state was
EUDQFKHV7KHUHDUH3$&6IXQFWLRQLQJ
5V FURUH 5V FURUH DQG 5V
in the state. These institutions have prepared
FURUHUHVSHFWLYHO\DVDJDLQVW5V
Business Development Plan (BDP) with a view
FURUH5VFURUHDQG5V FURUHLVVXHG
WR VWUHQJWKHQ FDSLWDO EDVH RI WKHLU ÀQDQFLDO DQG
a year ago indicating a marked improvement in
organization set up in accordance with guidelines
the issue of all type of Agricultural loans. In the
RI1$%$5'DQ0R8LVVLJQHGE\1$%$5'6WDWH
FXUUHQWÀVFDOXSWRWKHHQGRI6HSWKHFR
*RYHUQPHQWDQG$SH[EDQNLQ-XQH VDPH
RSHUDWLYH FUHGLW V\VWHP LVVXHG 67 07 DQG /7
ZDV H[WHQGHG WLPH WR WLPH $V RQ
ORDQVWRWKHH[WHQWRI5V FU5VFU
WKH ZRUNLQJ FDSLWDO RI '&&%V ZDV 5V
and Rs.8.07 crore respectively.
FURUHE\WKHHQGRI0DUFKLWKDGJURZQWR
5V FURUH LQGLFDWLQJ D JURZWK RI d. Recovery of Loans
per cent. The total amount of Deposit in DCCBs The Comparative position of recovery of Short,
ZDV5V DVRQ,WKDGJURZQ 0HGLXP DQG /RQJ WHUP ORDQV XQGHU WKH &R
E\SHUFHQWWR5VFURUHDVRQ operative Credit System in the State for the years
IURPWR LVSUHVHQWHGYLGHTable JRYHUQPHQW WR IDUPHUV WKURXJK FRQ-
6.4. 7KHUHFRYHU\ÀJXUHVVKRZWKDWWKHUHLVKLJK cerned co-operative institutions. During the year
overdue in long term loan compared to other term D EXGJHW SURYLVLRQ RI 5V FURUH
and short term loans, the recovery has fallen KDV EHHQ SURYLGHG WRZDUGV LQWHUHVW VXEVLG\ DQG
drastically in the current year. HQWLUHDPRXQWKDVEHHQUHOHDVHGWR5V
farmers through Co-operative Institutions.
Table 6.4 Recovery of loans in Karnataka
'XULQJWKH\HDUDEXGJHWSURYLVLRQRI
Type of 2015- 2016- 2018-19
loan 16 17
2017-18 5VFURUHKDVEHHQSURYLGHG UHOHDVHGWR
(September)
5V IDUPHUV WKURXJK &RRSHUDWLYH
Short term 87.20 Institutions.
0HGLXP-
86.68 'XULQJWKH\HDU DEXGJHWSURYLVLRQRI
term
5V FURUHKDVEHHQSURYLGHGWRZDUGVLQWHU-
Long term 50.42 10.20
HVWVXEVLG\DQGDPRXQWRI5VFURUHVKDV
Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19.
EHHQUHOHDVHG
e. Subsidized Agriculture loans to farmers (@ f. Interest subsidy to Self Help Groups
3,1, and 0 per cent) The scheme of advancing loans to Self Help
The State Government had implemented the *URXSV LQ .DUQDWDND DW SHU FHQW LV EHLQJ
scheme of lending agricultural loans to the implemented from 01-04-2007. Government
farmers at 6 per cent from 01.04.2004 through LV SURYLGLQJ LQWHUHVW VXEVLG\ WR FRRSHUDWLYH
Agricultural Co-operative Credit Institutions in institutions in order to implement the scheme.
the state. The rates was further reduced during During the year 2017-18 women shg’s are lend
WKHVXEVHTXHQW\HDUV'XULQJDQG at the net rate of 0 per cent and men shgs at 4
08, the rate was reduced to 4 per cent and from the SHUFHQWE\DGRSWLQJ15/018/06FKHPH7KLV
\HDU WRLQWHUHVWUDWHZDVDJDLQ VFKHPHKDVEHHQFRQWLQXHGLQ DOVR
UHGXFHGWRSHUFHQW7KHQHWLQWHUHVWUDWHVWRRG
During the year 2015-16, 11442 groups
at 1 per cent for 2011-12 and 0 per cent upto 1
KDYHEHHQIRUPHGZLWKWKHFXPXODWLYHIRUPDWLRQ
ODNKDQGSHUFHQWXSWR5VODNKIRU
RI JURXSV $Q DPRXQW RI 5V
IRU FURS ORDQV )RU WKH *RYHUQPHQW
FURUHVRIORDQKDVEHHQGLVEXUVHGWR JURXSV
reduced the interest rate to 0 per cent upto
DQG 5V FURUH RI LQWHUHVW VXEVLG\ KDV EHHQ
5VODNKVDQGSHUFHQWXSWR5VODNKVRI
released.
short term agricultural loans. The medium term
and long term agricultural loans upto Rs.10 lakhs 'XULQJ WKH \HDU JURXSV KDYH
DUHEHLQJGLVEXUVHGWRIDUPHUVDWSHUFHQW EHHQ IRUPHG ZKLFK KDYH OHG WR IRUPDWLRQ RI
5V JURXSV 2XW RI WKHVH JURXSV
During the year 2014-15 Short term loan up
JURXSV KDYH EHHQ SURYLGHG 5V FURUHV RI
WR5VODNKVDUHGLVEXUVHGDWSHUFHQWDQG07
ORDQV'XULQJWKH\HDUDEXGJHWSURYLVLRQ
DQG/7ORDQVXSWR5VODNKVDUHGLVEXUVHG
RI5V FURUHKDVEHHQSURYLGHGDQG5V
DWSHUFHQW7KHVFKHPHKDVEHHQFRQWLQXHGIRU
FURUHKDVEHHQUHOHDVHGWRJURXSVWKURXJK
WKH \HDU DQG DOVR
co-operative institutions.
SHUFHQWLQWHUHVWVXEVLG\VFKHPHLVEHHQH[WHQGHG
WRWKHORDQVGLVEXUVHGWR6RODUSXPSVHWDQGSRO\ 'XULQJ WKH \HDU JURXSV KDYH
TRADE AND COMMERCE
KRXVH ,QWHUHVW VXEVLG\ LV DYDLODEOH XS WR 5V EHHQSURYLGHG5VFURUHVRIORDQVDQG5V
CO-OPERATION,
lakhs of loan amount provided that the loan limit FU RI LQWHUHVW VXEVLG\ KDV EHHQ UHOHDVHG
BANKING,
ZRXOG EH ZLWKLQ WKH OLPLW RI 5V ODNKV 7KH 'XULQJ WKH \HDU D EXGJHW SURYLVLRQ RI
VFKHPHKDVEHHQFRQWLQXHGIRUWKH\HDU 5VFURUHKDVEHHQSURYLGHGDQG5V
DQG DOVR FUKDVEHHQUHOHDVHGXSWR6HSWHPEHU
7KH*RYHUQPHQWLVUHLPEXUVLQJWKHGLIIHUHQWLDO g. Interest Waiver Scheme on Postponement
interest at pre-determined rate to concerned insti- of Installments of Medium and Long term
WXWLRQV$QDPRXQWRI5VFURUHVKDVEHHQ agricultural loan for one year due to be paid
earmarked to implement the scheme for the year to Co-operative institution by farmers for the
DQGHQWLUHDPRXQWKDVEHHQUHOHDVHGE\ year 2015-16
In order to give relief to farmers suffering due industries, handicrafts, self-employment including
to severe drought in the State. Government had SURPRWLRQ RI HGXFDWLRQ DQG DVVHW EXLOGLQJ HWF
accorded sanction for the postponement of the re- *RYHUQPHQWRI,QGLDSURPRWHGDVSHFLDOEDQNLQJ
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
payment of regular medium-term and long-term &R %0% IURP th1RYHPEHU WRPDUN
DJULFXOWXUDOORDQLQVWDOOPHQWVE\RQH\HDUZKLFK WKH RFFDVLRQ RI th ELUWK DQQLYHUVDU\ RI /DWH
ZHUH GLVEXUVHG DIWHU DQG WKH LQVWDOOPHQWV 3ULPH0LQLVWHU6PW,QGLUD*DQGKL $FFRUGLQJWR
of these loans fall due during the year 2015-16 LWVSODQWKH&HQWUDO*RYHUQPHQWKDVHVWDEOLVKHG
E\ WKH IDUPHUV WR WKH FRRSHUDWLYH EDQNV 7KH DFRPPHUFLDOEDQNH[FOXVLYHO\PHDQWIRUZRPHQ
*RYHUQPHQWKDVUHOHDVHGLQWHUHVWVXEVLG\DPRXQW ZLWKWKHQRPHQFODWXUH´%KDUDWL\D0DKLOD%DQNµ,
of Rs.45.08 cr for app. Rs.2.05 lakh farmers. ZLWKLWVKHDGTXDUWHUVORFDWHGDW1HZ'HOKLZLWK
an initial capital of Rs 1,000 crore. In Karnataka,
h. Interest Waiver on Overdue Agricultural
LWV EUDQFK LV ORFDWHG DW ,6&, EXLOGLQJ +XGVRQ
loans
&LUFOHLQ%HQJDOXUX7KHFRXQWU\·VÀUVWDOOZRPHQ
Government has also waived the interest on
FRPPHUFLDOEDQNV\VWHPZDVLQDXJXUDWHGRQ th
OYHUGXH RI 6KRUW WHUP 0HGLXP WHUP DQG ORQJ
1RYHPEHU ZLWK VHYHQ EUDQFKHV FRPLQJ DW
WHUP$JULFXOWXUDOORDQVDVRQ SURYLGHG
.RONDWD0XPEDL/XFNQRZ*XZDKDWL&KHQQDL
WKDWIDUPHUVSD\WKHSULQFLSDODPRXQWZLWKLQ
%HQJDOXUX DQG $KPHGDEDG UHVSHFWLYHO\
DQGLQWHUHVWZDLYHUDPRXQWLVERUQHE\
%KDUDWL\D 0DKLOD %DQN KDV EHHQ VHW XS VR WKDW
Govt. This has helped the farmers to get the credit
GHSRVLWV ZRXOG ÁRZ IURP HYHU\RQH EXW OHQGLQJ
to do the agricultural operation.
ZLOOEHSUHGRPLQDQWO\IRUZRPHQ7KHEDQNDLPV
During the year 2016-17 an amount of WRLQFUHDVHLWVEUDQFKFRXQWHUVWRE\'HFHPEHU
5V FURUH KDV EHHQ UHOHDVHG WR ,WKDVDOVRFRUHEDQNLQJIDFLOLW\VRWKDWIUHH
farmers. As the drought situation continued for VHUYLFHV FRXOG EH REWDLQHG E\ WKH FXVWRPHUV LQ
the year 2016-17, the agricultural loans which DOO WKH :RPHQ EDQNV RI WKH FRXQWU\ 7KLV EDQN
EHFDPH RYHU GXH IURP WR H[WHQGVDOOWKRVHIDFLOLWLHVDVWKHRWKHUQDWLRQDOL]HG
KDV DOVR EHHQ JLYHQ WLPH WR UHSD\ WKH RYHUGXH EDQNVDUHSURYLGLQJWRLWVFXVWRPHUV$WSUHVHQW
DPRXQWWLOO'XULQJWKH\HDU %HQJDOXUXEDVHGEDQNKDVSURJUDPPHGWRRSHQ
5VFURUHKDVEHHQUHOHDVHGWRIDUPHUV QHDUO\ DFFRXQWV GXULQJ WKH \HDU 6RPH
DQG GXULQJ WKH XSWR 6HSWHPEHU DQ LQFHQWLYHV RI KLJKHU LQWHUHVW RQ VDYLQJ EDQN
DPRXQW RI 5V FURUHV KDV EHHQ UHOHDVHG account (4.5 per cent upto Rs. 1 lakh, and 5 per
WR IDUPHUV /RDQ :DLYHU RI )DLOHG :HOOV cent more than one lakh) is offered to customers.
RI IDUPHUV ZKR ERUURZHG ORDQ IURP 3ULPDU\
Under the centrally sponsored program of
Agricultural and Rural Development Banks
6ZDUQD -D\DQWKL *UDP 6ZD 5RMJDU <RMDQD
3&$5' *RYWKDVZDLYHGORDQVRIIDUPHUV
6-*65< IRU D VHOIKHOS JURXS ÀQDQFLDO
in Primary Agricultural and Rural Development
DVVLVWDQFH PD[LPXP XSWR ODNKV LV JLYHQ DW
%DQNVZKRKDGERUURZHGORDQVIRUWKHSXUSRVHRI
SHU FHQW LQWHUHVW DV GLUHFWHG E\ WKH &HQWUDO
GLJJLQJZHOOVDQGUHOHDVHGDQDPRXQWRI5V
*RYHUQPHQW %0% VHUYLFHV DUH DOVR DYDLODEOH
crores for this purpose. Loan Waiver of Failed
WR PHQ EXW OLPLWHG WR SHU FHQW DW SUHVHQW ,W
%RUHZHOOV RI IDUPHUV ZKR ERUURZHG ORDQ IURP
LV UHSRUWHG WKDW PDMRULW\ RI WKH EDQN HPSOR\HHV
Primary Agricultural and Rural Development
VKDOOEHZRPHQQHDUO\SHUFHQW0XFKLVEHLQJ
%DQNV *RYW KDV ZDLYHG ORDQV RI IDUPHUV
H[SHFWHGIURPWKHVHVSHFLDOEDQNVLQWKH\HDUVWR
in Primary Agricultural and Rural Development
come for empowerment of women folk especially
%DQNVZKRKDYHERUURZHGORDQVIRUWKHSXUSRVH
LQ WKH UXUDO DQG VHPL XUEDQ VHJPHQWV ,W LV
RI GLJJLQJ ERUHZHOOV DQG UHOHDVHG DQ DPRXQW RI
aiming at issuing Credit cards to its commuters
5VFURUHVGXULQJWKH\HDUDQG5V
LQFROODERUDWLRQZLWK6WDWH%DQNRI,QGLD,WSODQV
crores during the year 2017-18 for this purpose.
WRRSHQWZREUDQFKHVDW'HOKLDQG,QGRUHDVHDUO\
Bharat Mahila Bank (B.M.B. In order to DVSRVVLEOH0RUHRYHUPRUHEUDQFKHVDUHOLNHO\
empower specially the women entrepreneurs and WR EH LQLWLDWHG LQ WKH &DSLWDOV RI ERWK 6WDWH DQG
Self Help Groups (SHG) found across the country, Union territories within four months. According
and other weaker sections of the Society, especially WR WKH EDQN·V EXVLQHVV SODQ WKH EDQN HQYLVDJHV
ZRPHQ IRU VWDUWLQJ WKHLU RZQ VPDOO EXVLQHVV D EXVLQHVV PL[ GHSRVLWV SOXV DGYDQFHV RI 5V
440
enterprises like small scale domestic cottage FURUHZLWKEUDQFKHVE\
But, it is interesting to note that the concept of IRUHLJQ EDQNs if second tier cities of Karnataka
empowering women with economic independence LH 0DQJDOXUX 0\VXUX 'DYDQDJHUH +XEEDOOL
ZDV LQLWLDWHG ORQJ EDFN LQ WKH 3ULQFHO\ 0\VRUH Dharwad and Belagavi are fully developed with
6WDWH 7KH ¶$U\D %KDJLQL 0XWXDO &RRSHUDWLYH ORFDWLRQ RI ,7 DQG ,7 EDVHG DOOLHG DFWLYLWLHV
%DQN·PHDQWWRHPSRZHUWKHSRRUZRPHQÀUVWRI H[SHFWHGLQQHDUIXWXUH
LWVNLQGWREHHVWDEOLVKHGLQWKH3ULQFHO\6WDWHRI
According to Karnataka At a Glance 2016-17,
0\VRUHZDVVWDUWHGDW0\VRUHDVHDUO\DV ,W WKHUH DUH EUDQFKHV %HQJDOXUX 8UEDQ
is working even now amidst all hurdles. and Bengaluru Rural-4) in Karnataka. The total
Likewise, the ‘District Women Co-operative GHSRVLWLV5V0LOOLRQDQGWRWDOFUHGLWLV
Bank’ purely meant for women, started working 5V 0LOOLRQ
DW 0\VXUX GXULQJ ZLWK PHPEHUV Human Resources
and an initial share capital of Rs.25 lakh, is now ,QJHQHUDOWKHEDQNLQJVHFWRUDVDVHUYLFHVHFWRU
ZRUNLQJ ZLWK ZRPHQ PHPEHUV DQG WKH KDV EHHQ SURYLGLQJ JRRG QXPEHU RI HPSOR\PHQW
share capital has gone upto 1.80 crore along with opportunities especially for educated unemployed.
deposits worth Rs.25 crore and lend credit worth 7KH JHRJUDSKLFDO H[SDQVLRQ RI QHWZRUNLQJ RI
Rs.20 crore. EUDQFKHV KDV HQKDQFHG WKH QDWXUH DQG VFRSH
IRU PRUH DQG PRUH MRE RSSRUWXQLWLHV WR JHQHUDO
Foreign Banks
JUDGXDWHDVZHOODVWRWKHSURIHVVLRQDOVDQGÀHOG
6LQFH WKH VKLIWLQJ RI UR\DO VHFUHWDULDW
VWDII ,W LV HVWLPDWHG WKDW EDQNLQJ LQGXVWU\ KDV
IURP 0\VXUX WR %HQJDOXUX ZKLFK PDUNHG WKH
SURYLGHGHPSOR\PHQWWRDERXWODNKSHUVRQVLQ
EHJLQQLQJ RI &RPPLVVLRQHUV· UXOH LQ SULQFHO\
India. Regarding Karnataka, as per the RBI report
0\VRUHKDGIDFLOLWDWHGWKHJURZWKRI%HQJDOXUX
WKH WRWDO QXPEHU RI SHUVRQV ZRUNLQJ LQ EDQNV
,Q FRXUVH RI WLPH %HQJDOXUX WXUQHG DV KXE RI
in the state is accounted to 72,412, comprising
WUDGH DQG FRPPHUFH LQGXVWULDO DQG EDQNLQJ RI RIÀFHUV FOHULFDO VWDII DQG WKH
activities. At present, the state capital had attained UHVW VXERUGLQDWHV DV LQ $FFRUGLQJ
LPSRUWDQFH EHFDXVH RI YDVW JURZLQJ QXPEHU RI to press report in Bengaluru alone there are
,7&RV 01&RV %7 DERXWPRUHWKDQEDQNHPSOR\HHVRIYDULRXV
per cent of India’s total), Apparel (800) in addition FRPPHUFLDO EDQNV 7KHVH ÀJXUHV GR QRW LQFOXGH
to location of many industrial, commercial, and WKH QXPEHU RI VWDII HPSOR\HG LQ WKH EDQNLQJ
Defense organization of Central Government and sector under the Co-operative management).
%HQJDOXUX EHLQJ WKH PDLQ H[SRUWHU RI VRIWZDUH
to the tune of Rs.1.5 lakh crore per year and Automatic Teller Machine (A.T.M.)
$Q $XWRPDWHG 7HOOHU 0DFKLQH $70 DOVR
EHLQJ RQH RI WKH KLJKHVW SHU FDSLWD HDUQLQJ FLW\
NQRZQ DV &DVK 0DFKLQH LV DQ HOHFWURQLF
OLNH0XPEDLHWFKDYHQDWXUDOO\DWWUDFWHGPDQ\
WHOHFRPPXQLFDWLRQV GHYLFH WKDW HQDEOHV
IRUHLJQEDQNVWRKDYHWKHLUEUDQFKHVKHUHWRFDWHU
the clients of a ÀQDQFLDO LQVWLWXWLRQ to perform
WKHQHHGVRIWKHIRUHLJQH[FKDQJHÀUPVHQJDJHG
ÀQDQFLDO WUDQVDFWLRQV without the need for a
IRUHLJQWUDGHDORQJZLWKQDWLYHEDQNV
cashier, human clerk or EDQN WHOOHU $70V· DUH
According to RBI report as in 2012 there NQRZQ E\ YDULRXV RWKHU QDPHV LQFOXGLQJ $70
ZHUH IRUHLJQ EDQNV RSHUDWLQJ WKHLU EUDQFKHV PDFKLQH $XWRPDWHG %DQNLQJ 0DFKLQH and
LQ %HQJDOXUX 7KHUH DUH LQ DOO EUDQFKHV RI various regional variants derived from
trademarks RQ $70 V\VWHPV KHOG E\ SDUWLFXODU
TRADE AND COMMERCE
IRUHLJQ EDQNV DQG RI WKHP DUH LQ %HQJDOXUX
CO-OPERATION,
0HWUROLPLWV RQHLQ%HQJDOXUX5XUDO DQGRIWKH EDQNV
BANKING,
UHPDLQLQJWZRDUHORFDWHGRQHHDFKLQ0\VXUXDQG $70 6HUYLFHV SURYLGHG E\ WKH EDQNLQJ
7XPDNXUX7KHWRWDOGHSRVLWVPRELOL]HGE\WKHVH FRPSDQLHVDFURVVWKHFRXQWU\KDYHPDGHWKHMRE
EDQNVDFFRXQWHGWR5VFURUHVDQGWKDW RI FXVWRPHU DV ZHOO DV EDQNHU HDV\ FRQYHQLHQW
of advances reckoned at Rs.1,52,142 crores, as and time saving in operating of account. Some of
RQ WKH0DMRUFRQWULEXWLRQEHLQJIURP WKH$70VDUHSURYLGLQJWKHIDFLOLWLHVOLNHPDNLQJ
%HQJDOXUX0HWUREUDQFKHV'HSRVLWV5V GHSRVLWV DQG HYHQ SULQWLQJ RI SDVV ERRNV DQG
FURUHV DQG DGYDQFHV RI 5V FURUHV RWKHUVHUYLFHVLQDGGLWLRQWRGHELWFDUGDQGRWKHU
7KHUHLVDJUHDWVFRSHIRURSHQLQJRIEUDQFKHVRI 441
facilities to attract customers.
According to one source it is estimated that
Table 6.5 Deployment of ATMs for the
WKHUH DUH DERXW PRUH WKDQ ODNK $70V LQ
quarter ended December-2018 In Karnataka
WKHFRXQWU\DQGH[SHFWHGWRJRXSWRWZRODNKLQ
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
VL[PRQWKV7KHYLDELOLW\RIWKHVH$70VGHSHQGV Name of the Bank/Entity No. of ATMS
upon the migration of transaction from Branches Scheduled Commercial Banks
WR $70V ,Q .DUQDWDND DV SHU WKH UHSRUW RI WKH Public Sector Banks
State Level Bankers Committee (L.B.C.) there are
$OODKDEDG%DQN
DERXW $70V LQ ZLWK LQ UXUDO
LQVHPLXUEDQ LQXUEDQDQGLQ Andhra Bank 175
0HWURV Bank of Baroda 276
According to the press report of the Chief Bank of India 187
*HQHUDO0DQDJHURI6%,LWRSHUDWHVDURXQG %DQNRI0DKDUDVKWUD 47
$70V LQ WKH VWDWH DQG QHDUO\ LQ %HQJDOXUX Canara Bank 2055
LWVHOI 6%0 RZQV $70V LQ FHQWHUV LQ Central Bank of India 81
Bengaluru. According to Police source, there are
Corporation Bank 862
DERXW FDVHV UHSRUWHG LQ %HQJDOXUX ZKHUH
$70V DUH DWWDFNHG RU ORRWHG RU GHVWUR\HG E\ WKH Dena Bank
professional gangsters and there are cases where Indian Bank 148
$70VDUHOLIWHGIURPWKHORFDWLRQV7KHUHDUHDOVR Indian Overseas Bank 218
incidents wherein customers are attacked and
Oriental Bank of Commerce 72
PRQH\LVUREEHG7KHJRYHUQPHQWLVWDNLQJVWHSV
3XQMDEDQG6LQG%DQN 11
to adopt modern safety measures to ensure safety
RIERWKPRQH\DQGFXVWRPHUV 3XQMDE1DWLRQDO%DQN 106
Syndicate Bank
2Q PRVW PRGHUQ $70V WKH FXVWRPHU LV
LGHQWLÀHG E\ LQVHUWLQJ D SODVWLF $70 FDUG with UCO Bank
a magnetic stripe or a plastic smart card with a Union Bank of India
chip WKDW FRQWDLQV D XQLTXH FDUG QXPEHU DQG United Bank of India 16
VRPHVHFXULW\LQIRUPDWLRQVXFKDVDQH[SLUDWLRQ
9LMD\D%DQN 700
date or CVVC &99 $XWKHQWLFDWLRQLVSURYLGHGE\
IDBI Bank
WKHFXVWRPHUE\HQWHULQJDSHUVRQDOLGHQWLÀFDWLRQ
QXPEHU 3,1 8VLQJ DQ $70 FXVWRPHUV FDQ State Bank of India 4084
DFFHVV WKHLU EDQN accounts in order to make Total 10673
cash withdrawals, GHELW FDUG cash advances, Private Sector Banks
FKHFN WKHLU DFFRXQW EDODQFHV DQG SXUFKDVH DV
$[LV 87, %DQN/WG
ZHOODVSUHSDLGPRELOHSKRQHFUHGLW
Bandhan Bank 21
,I WKH FXUUHQF\ EHLQJ ZLWKGUDZQ IURP WKH $70
Catholic Syrian Bank Ltd., 11
LV GLIIHUHQW IURP WKDW ZKLFK WKH EDQN DFFRXQW LV
GHQRPLQDWHGLQ HJ :LWKGUDZLQJ-DSDQHVH<HQ City Union Bank Ltd., 84
IURPDEDQNDFFRXQWFRQWDLQLQJ86'ROODUV WKH DCB Bank Ltd., 25
PRQH\ ZLOO EH FRQYHUWHG DW DQ RIÀFLDO ZKROHVDOH
'KDQDOD[PL%DQN/WG
H[FKDQJH UDWH 7KXV $70V RIWHQ SURYLGH RQH
Federal Bank Limited 140
RI WKH EHVW SRVVLEOH RIÀFLDO H[FKDQJH UDWHV IRU
foreign travelers and are also widely used for this HDFC Bank Ltd., 1087
SXUSRVH (YHQ VRPH 8UEDQ &RRSHUDWLYH %DQNV ICICI Bank Ltd., 1246
DUHSURYLGLQJ$70VHUYLFHV IDFC Bank Ltd., 12
As per RBI Report, Regionwise deployment of IndusInd Bank Ltd.,
$70IRUWKHTXDUWHUHQGLQJ'HFHPEHUJLYHQ -DPPX .DVKPLU%DQN 5
442 in Table 6.5. Karnataka Bank Ltd.,
Karur Vysya Bank Ltd., White Label ATMs
.RWDN0DKLQGUD%DQN/WG 245 Tata Communications Payment
Solutions
Lakshmi Vilas Bank Ltd., 122 Ltd.,
Ratnakar Bank Ltd., 27 Hitachi Payment Services Pvt.
Ltd.,
South Indian Bank Ltd.,
0XWKRRW)LQDQFH/WG
7DPLOQDG0HUFDQWLOH%DQN/WG
BTI Payments Pvt. Ltd., 458
<HV%DQN/WG
Vakrangee Limited 8
Total 5951
Riddhi Siddhi Bullions Limited 0
Foreign Banks in India
AGS Transact Technologies Ltd., 1
CITI Bank 160
65(, 0
DBS Bank Ltd., 6
Total (WLAs) 931
Deutsche Bank 6
Grand Total 17,876
HSBC 14
Source : RBI Website
Standard Chartered Bank 25
Total 211 Redressal of Customers’ Grievances
Payment Banks 5DSLGO\ JURZLQJ DQG LQFUHDVHG QXPEHU
WUDQVDFWLRQV LQ WKH PRGXV RSHUDQGL RI EDQNLQJ
Aditya Birla Idea Payments Bank 0
EXVLQHVV QDWXUDOO\ KDYH PDGH WKH ZD\ IRU
Airtel Payments Banks 0 GHÀFLHQF\ DQG RPLVVLRQV LQ WKH FXVWRPHUV
FINO Payments Bank 0 VHUYLFHV WKHUHE\ UHVXOWHG LQ DQ LQFUHDVH LQ
India Post Payments Bank 0 WKH QXPEHU RI FRPSODLQWV ,Q HYHU\ EDQN WKH
SURYLVLRQKDVEHHQPDGHWRUHGUHVVWKHJULHYDQFHV
-LR3D\PHQWV%DQN 0
RI WKH FXVWRPHUV E\ RSHQLQJ FHQWHUV IRU WKDW LQ
NSDL Payments Bank 0 WKH+HDG2IÀFH,QFDVHLIUHOLHIIRUWKHFRPSODLQW
Paytm Payments Bank 0 LVQRWIRXQGDQDSSHDOFRXOGEHPDGHWR%DQNLQJ
¶/RN 3DO· ZRUNLQJ LQ WKH RIÀFH RI 5%, ORFDO RIÀFH
Total 0 %HQJDOXUX ZKR LV H[SHFWHG WR SURYLGH UHOLHI
Small Finance Banks ZLWKLQGD\V,Q.DUQDWDNDGXULQJWKH
Au Small Finance Bank Limited 0 QXPEHU RI FDVHV RI FRPSODLQWV UHSRUWHG WR /RN
3DORIÀFHZDVIURPEUDQFKHVZRUNLQJ
Capital Small Finance Bank
0 LQWKHVWDWH,WFRXOGDOVREHWDNHQWRFRQVXPHU·V
Limited
Fincare Small Finance Bank FRXUWVRIWKHMXULVGLFWLRQ
4
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Agriculture Banks
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During the Dewanship of the second Dewan
Limited
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(6$) 6PDOO )LQDQFH %DQN
2 GHYHORSPHQWSURMHFWVZHUHSODQQHGDQGH[HFXWHG
Limited
in order to facilitate the overall economic
-DQD6PDOO)LQDQFH%DQN/LPLWHG 18
GHYHORSPHQW RI WKH 3ULQFHO\ 0\VRUH $PRQJ WKH
TRADE AND COMMERCE
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0 several programs launched, the formation of
CO-OPERATION,
Limited
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BANKING,
Suryoday Small Finance Bank
0 was a landmark mainly to help the poor and un-
Limited
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organized farmers of small holdings, so as to give
them material relief from the ruinous compound
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Utkarsh Small Finance Bank LQWHUHVW FKDUJHG E\ SULYDWH PRQH\ OHQGHUV LQ
0
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Total 110
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Total (Banks) 16,945 DQG ZDV PXFK DSSUHFLDWHG E\ WKH SROLWLFR
HFRQRPLFWKLQNHUVRI(XURSH7KHVSHFLDOIHDWXUHV $SH[ %DQN IXQFWLRQLQJ DV VWDWH OHYHO /RQJ WHUP
DVVRFLDWHG LQ WKH FRQVWLWXWLRQ RI WKHVH EDQNV credit is catered through state level Co-operative
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the principles of Co-operative system in its modus each taluk under two tier systems. It is the RBI
operandi. It was put into operation a decade sponsored (NABARD) National Bank for Agriculture
earlier than the actual launching of Co-operative DQG5XUDO'HYHORSPHQWZKLFKSURYLGHVUHÀQDQFH
movement in India within the legal frame work in WRWKH$SH[DQG.$6&$5'%DQN
Village Savings Banks: The Princely state, in
8QGHUWKLVVFKHPHEDQNVNQRZQDVDVVRFLDWLRQV addition to the scheme of sponsoring Agricultural
FRQVLVWHG RI ODQG KROGHUV HQOLVWHG RQ WKH EDVLV EDQNV KDG DOVR PRRWHG 6DYLQJV %DQNV DOVR
RI PXWXDO FRQÀGHQFH IXQGV IRU WKHVH EDQNV NQRZQ DV ¶)HHGHU %DQNV· LQ RUGHU WR PRELOL]H
ZHUH ÁRDWHG IURP GHSRVLWV DQG ORDQV IURP WKH small deposits from the villagers with more
Government at a cheaper rate of four per cent, and WKDQ3RSXODWLRQLQWKHDEVHQFHRIORFDO&R
deployment of credit was made on the mortgage of RSHUDWLYH VRFLHWLHV 7KHVH 9LOODJH 6DYLQJV EDQNV
ODQG WR WKH QHHG\ PHPEHUV DW VXFK D PRGHUDWH ZHUHRSHQHGRQH[SHULPHQWDOEDVLVLQVHOHFWHGÀYH
UDWHRIWRSHUFHQWDOORZLQJWKHEDQNVWRKDYH GLVWULFWV 0\VXUX +DVVDQ &KLWUDGXUJD .DGXU
VPDOOPDUJLQIRUH[SHQVHVDQGUHVHUYHIXQG7KH DQG 7XPDNXUX LQ 'HFHPEHU 7KLV QRYHO
loans were granted only for approved purposes of scheme was known as Chakravarthi scheme;
DJULFXOWXUH7KHUHZDVQRGLYLGHQGIRUPHPEHUV named after the then Finance Secretary. Under
PDQDJHPHQW ZDV H[SHFWHG WR EH WKH KRQRUDU\ the scheme, a minimum deposit of one anna, was
service. FROOHFWHGDQGWKHPD[LPXPZDVXSWR5V)LYHSHU
month from individuals. There was a provision
7KH ÀUVW VXFK EDQN ZDV RUJDQL]HG DW 3DODKDOOL WRZLWKGUDZDPD[LPXPDPRXQWXSWRRQHUXSHH
6ULUDQJDSDWWDQD 7DOXN LQ 'HFHPEHU ZLWK and a minimum withdrawal of four annas. The
DVVRFLDWHVIROORZHGE\VHFRQGVXFKEDQNDWWKH agents who were managing the scheme were paid
WHPSOHWRZQ1DQMDQDJXGXLQ %\ DOO FRPPLVVLRQE\WKH*RYHUQPHQW7KHUHZDVDJRRG
RYHU WKH VWDWH VXFK EDQNV ZHUH IXQFWLRQLQJ and effective system of internal check in operating
DV UHSRUWHG DQG WZR ZHUH H[FOXVLYHO\ PHDQW WKH VFKHPH H[HUFLVHG E\ WKH 7DOXN 7UHDVXULHV
for coffee cultivators (Kadur and Sakaleshpur). 7KHVFKHPHZDVFORVHGE\ ,WPDGHWKH
However, all was not well with the management ZD\ IRU 'LVWULFW &HQWUDO &RRSHUDWLYH EDQNV LQ
of these organizations. The mis-management some districts.
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Co-operative Movement in Karnataka: Co-
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of the people or society of have-nots for their
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at higher lending outside and in course of time,
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PDQ\ EDQNV FRXOG QRW UHSD\ WKH JRYHUQPHQW
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Organization working on the principles of
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democracy. In India, the movement has 110 years
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old fascinating history of many ups and downs.
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GRPLQDWHG%\ PRVWRIWKHVHEDQNVEHFRPH the world in more than 150 countries. It made its
defunct. Though the system failed the intention EHJLQQLQJLQLQ(QJODQG
EHKLQGRSHQLQJRIWKHVHEDQNVZDVJHQXLQH In India, Co-operative movement was initiated as
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Agricultural Credit: Under Co-operative sector, E\ HQDFWPHQW RI &RRSHUDWLYH 6RFLHWLHV $FW ; RI
agricultural credit for short term operations, is GXULQJWKHWLPHRI/RUG&XU]RQWKH*RYHUQRU
channelized under three tier system, through General. It was planned to start Co-operatives
the agencies like primary credit societies at the here to cater the needs of Indian Farming Class,
village level in addition to District Central Co- RQ WKH PRGHO RI 5DLIÀHVHQ W\SH RI 9LOODJH &UHGLW
444 RSHUDWLYH EDQNV DQG WKH 6WDWH &RRSHUDWLYH
Societies on the model of Germany.
The ideology of co-operation is not unknown to DQGFUHGLEOHKHULWDJHRI&RRSHUDWLYHPRYHPHQW
our society. It is very much deep rooted in our
Earliest Co-operative Society: According
household management and community life in
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operative Society germinated in a village called
and the Industrial and Provident Societies Act,
Kanaginahal of Gadag taluk in Gadag district,
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started on 8th 0D\ 0RQGD\ ZLWK
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of self-help, thrift, and mutual aid. It was meant
landlord Siddanagowda Sannaramanagowda Patil
for simple people with small means.
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The economic conditions of Indian Farming class as the pioneer who heralded one of the popular
DWWKDWWLPHZDVVRPLVHUDEOHWKDWPDMRULW\RIWKH movements in the country. On the occasion
VPDOO IDUPHUV ZHUH JURDQLQJ E\ WKH RYHU EXUGHQ RI WKH &HQWHQDU\ &HOHEUDWLRQ RI WKH PRYHPHQW
RIDXVXU\SUDFWLFHGE\WKHXQVFUXSXORXVYLOODJH in Karnataka (2005), the village was declared
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W\SHV RI H[SORLWDWLRQV LQ WKH DEVHQFH RI VWULFW was installed and the commemorative stamp of
regulatory measures to control and regulate money Siddanagowda was released. Another special
lending activities. In this situation, Co-operative feature of this Centenary Society which is still
PRYHPHQWVWXUQHGDVDERRQWRVWLPXODWHDJUDULDQ serving as V.S.S. is that, it has admitted women
economy. Co-operative movement in India is one DOVRDVPHPEHUVRIWKHVRFLHW\
RIWKHROGHVWDQGZLGHO\FRYHUHGPRYHPHQWVEHLQJ
6LPLODUO\ WKH ÀUVW 8UEDQ &UHGLW 6RFLHW\ 1RQ
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EHWZHHQ FDSLWDOLVP DQG FRPPXQLVP +RZHYHU SDUW RI *DGDJ%HWDJHUL 0XQLFLSDO OLPLW RQ
WKHVXFFHVVRIWKHPRYHPHQWLVPDLQO\EDVHGRQ 18th 2FWREHU IRXQGHG E\ D ORFDO *HUPDQ
honesty, integrity, commitment, transparency and 0LVVLRQDU\ FDOOHG 5HY )D 5LYLQJWRQ PDLQO\ WR
DFFRXQWDELOLW\ RI WKH PDQDJHPHQW &RRSHUDWLYH facilitate credit to the local weaving community.
movement in India has covered almost all villages 7KH VRFLHW\ ZDV ODWHU OLTXLGDWHG $SDUW IURP WKH
DERXWODNKVFRPSULVLQJRIVL[ODNK6RFLHWLHV earliest Agricultural Credit Co-operatives founded
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Realizing the importance and utility of the Kanaginahal Society, were the one founded at
movement, recently (2012) 111th Constitutional 0XGGHELKDO 6LUVL
Amendment was affected. Accordingly, now, the %DJHZDGL %HODJDYL 'LVW DOO WKHVH
IRUPDWLRQ RI D &RRSHUDWLYH ¶ERG\· WR VXLW WKHLU are functioning even today.
UHTXLUHPHQWV KDV EHHQ GHFODUHG DV RQH RI WKH In Princely Mysuru: ,Q3ULQFHO\0\VXUXGXULQJ
Fundamental Rights of the Citizens. 7KHUHE\it the Dewanship of P.N. Krishnamurthy, (grandson
LVH[SHFWHGWKDWLWZLOODOVRLQVXODWHIURPSROLWLFDO of Dewan Poornaiah) the Co-operative movement
and Government interferences and ensures a ZDV ODXQFKHG E\ WKH HQDFWPHQW RI 0\VXUX &R
friendly functioning; democratically, professionally RSHUDWLYH 6RFLHWLHV 5HJXODWLRQ ,,, LQ -XQH
and economically in a sound manner. 7KH VSHFLDO IHDWXUHV RI 0\VXUX 5HJXODWLRQV
There are as many as 40 different categories of was that it was more comprehensive in nature
Co-operatives functioning in the state, including DQG VFRSH WKDQ WKH $FW RI *RYW RI ,QGLD
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CO-OPERATION,
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BANKING,
functioning at the state level to guide and monitor and at the same time, it allowed to register non-
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movement. The special features of Co-operatives with agricultural credit Co-operatives; the other
RI .DUQDWDND DQG LWV FRQWULEXWLRQ WR WKH PDLQ non-agricultural and non-credit Co-operatives
stream is that, the state had germinated several OLNH +RXVLQJ 0DUNHWLQJ &RQVXPHU :HDYLQJ
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,Q WKH GHSDUWPHQWV RI &RRSHUDWLRQ DQG PRYHPHQWOLEHUDOO\E\SURYLGLQJ several incentives
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district Adikarnataka Co-operative Society was
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utilized as ‘Honorary Supervisors’ for guiding and VPDOO PHDQV VDLG WR EH WKH HDUOLHVW :RPHQ &R
registration of societies especially in rural areas operative Society in the State. Now it has grown
and they were paid a pocket money of one rupee for XS LQWR D ELJ &RRSHUDWLYH ERG\ ,Q LW ZDV
HDFKGD\·V&RRSHUDWLYHZRUN,Q3ULQFHO\0\VRUH DZDUGHG ZLWK D JROG PHGDO DV RQH RI WKH EHVW
GXULQJ WKHUH ZHUH ÀYH &RRSHUDWLYHV LQ women society in the State. The State has as
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After the reorganization of the state the Co-
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non-credit and marketing sector have gained
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momentum as a result there is a vertical and
made a provision for Co-operative Unions at the
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taluk level and Central Banks at the district level
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and Assistant Registrars for Co-operatives was SDUWLFLSDWLRQ ERWK E\ WKH PHPEHUV DQG WKH
appointed for the effective supervision and co- *RYHUQPHQW KDV LQFUHDVHG 0DQ\ ODUJH VFDOH
ordination. LQGXVWULDO YHQWXUHV OLNH WH[WLOH VXJDU IRRG
'XULQJ WKH UHJLPH RI DEOH 'LZDQV OLNH 6LU processing, have come up in the sector. There are
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given for the coverage of Co-operative movement, region.
especially for the SC/ST’s in the newly irrigated &RRSHUDWLYHV EHLQJ SHRSOHV IULHQGO\
DUHDV EURXJKW XQGHU FXOWLYDWLRQ DIWHU WKH organizations, people made use of the societies
FRPSOHWLRQRI.563URMHFWLQ ,Q IRU WRFDWHUWKHLUGD\WRGD\UHTXLUHPHQWV7KHUHDUH
the consolidation of small agricultural holdings H[DPSOHV WKDW SHRSOH LQ WKH IRUHVW DQG 0DOQDG
DQGWRPDNHWKHPHFRQRPLFDOO\YLDEOH$JULFXOWXUDO areas formed Co-operatives for the works like
Board was constituted to organize Co-operative IHQFLQJEXQGLQJDQGKXQWLQJRIZLOGDQLPDOVIRU
IDUPLQJEDVHGRQWKHH[SHULPHQWRI3XQMDEDQG protection of the crops. The wild animal hunters
funds were provided for organizing Co-operative ZHUH SDLG RQH UXSHH IRU HDFK KXQWHG EDVHG RQ
agricultural colonies, especially for adikarnataka the evidence of hunted animal’s tail, especially of
SRSXODWLRQ,QRUGHUWRSURYLGHORQJWHUPÀQDQFH PRQNH\VDQGIR[HVLQWKHIRUHVWDQG0DOQDGDUHD
WR &RRSHUDWLYHV /DQG 0RUWJDJH %DQNV ZHUH There were Co-operatives for the manufacture
LQWURGXFHG%DQJDORUHFLW\LVWKHÀUVWFLW\LQ,QGLD of agricultural implements in Dharwad district.
WR SURPRWH WKH ÀUVW HYHU +RXVH %XLOGLQJ 6RFLHW\ $QLPDO KXVEDQGU\ 3RXOWU\ &URS LQVXUDQFHV
LQ %DQJDORUH&LW\%XLOGLQJ6RFLHW\ ZKLFKLV 0LON0DUNHWLQJ)LVKHUVZHDYLQJRIDOOW\SHVFDPH
still functioning. XQGHUWKHRUELWRIWKHPRYHPHQWPXFKEHIRUHWKH
446 independence.
7KH 0\VRUH *RYHUQPHQW 3DWURQL]HG WKH
7R SURSDJDWH DQG HGXFDWH WKH SXEOLF DERXW LQ ZKLFKZRUNVOLNH0LQL.(%LQDOOUHVSHFW
the importance of the movement and its wide For the promotion of sports activities along with
FRYHUDJH WKH GUDPD WURRSV ZHUH RUJDQL]HG E\ education, the Sports Promotion Society with
IRUPLQJ WKHLU VRFLHWLHV 3ULQWLQJ DQG SXEOLFDWLRQ residential school was opened in Chandargi
activities also came under the Purview of Co- QHDU 5DPDGXUJD RI %HODJDYL GLVWULFW LQ
RSHUDWLYH PRYHPHQW ,Q %RPED\ .DUQDWDND DUHD 6LQFH LQ HYHU\ &RRSHUDWLYH RUJDQL]DWLRQ
E\ VRFLHWLHV NQRZQ DV JURZ PRUH IRRG reservation of one seat for women and SC/ST has
were registered to encourage farmers to grow EHHQ PDGH PDQGDWRU\ 0HGLFDO VHUYLFHV XQGHU
PRUH E\ FDWHULQJ WKH UHTXLUHG UHTXLVLWHV IRU WKH &RRSHUDWLYH PDQDJHPHQW ZHUH ÀUVW VWDUWHG LQ
PLVVLRQ *UDLQ %DQNV 6KDKDUL 8UEDQ %DQNV DW *KDWDSUDEKD QHDU *RNDN RI %HODJDYL
ZHUH YHU\ FRPPRQ LQ WKH +\GHUDEDG .DUQDWDND district through Sri Gurusiddeshwar Co-operative
Hospital. From among the 21 Co-operative Sugar
LQ DQG.RGDJXLQ 2IODWHGXULQJWKH
)DFWRULHVLQWKH6WDWHWKHÀUVWEHLQJ6DQNHVKZDU
WLPHRI1DWLRQDO(PHUJHQF\ WKHVSHFLDO
6XJDU)DFWRU\IRXQGHGLQ LVFRQVLGHUHGDV
&RRSHUDWLYHV NQRZQ DV ´garibihatavo” were
RQHRIWKHEHVW&RRSHUDWLYH6XJDU:RUNVLQWKH
promoted for the interest of the needy, poor and
country.
XQRUJDQL]HG VHFWRU ,Q PDUFK D XQLTXH
&RRSHUDWLYH ERG\ WR HPSRZHU WKH VPDOO DQG 7KH.DUQDWDND0LON)HGHUDWLRQIRXQGHGLQ
unorganized petty sellers like hawkers, pedlers, XQGHUWKH&RRSHUDWLYHVHFWRUKDVEHFRPHDODQG
pavement and foot path vendors, iterant traders PDUN,WKDVPDGH´0LON5HYROXWLRQµksheerakranti)
etc., have formed their own Co-operatives in DJUDQGVXFFHVVLQUXUDODUHDVEHQHÀWLQJQHDUO\
0\VRUHRQH[SHULPHQWDOEDVLVDQGWKHJRYHUQPHQW ODNKUXUDOIDPLOLHVWKURXJKPRUHWKDQ
KDVHDUPDUNHG5VFURUHIRUWKHHVWDEOLVKPHQW 0LON 3URGXFHU·V 6RFLHWLHV DQG 0LON 8QLRQV
of such societies in the State. SURFXULQJ DERXW ODNK OLWUH PLON SHU GD\ 7KH
annual turnover of the Federation and Unions
.DUQDWDNDKDVSURPRWHGFHUWDLQXQLTXHSUHPLHU WRJHWKHUDFFRXQWHGWRDERXW5V&URUHVRQ
&RRSHUDWLYHV $V HDUO\ DV LQ HGXFDWLRQDO DQDYHUDJH 5V FURUHVLVEHLQJSDLGSHUGD\
activities were undertaken in Co-operative sector WRPLONSURGXFHUV.0)VWDQGVVHFRQGLQPLON
LQ +XODNRWL QHDU *DGDJ IRU WKH ÀUVW WLPH LQ SURFXUHPHQW DW QDWLRQDO OHYHO DQG UDQNV ÀUVW LQ
Karnataka. TKH ÀUVW &RRSHUDWLYH PDUNHWLQJ RI South India. In Bidar district alone, there are more
FRWWRQZDVVWDUWHGLQ LQ+XEEDOOLE\IRUPLQJ WKDQ 0LON 3URGXFHU·V 6RFLHWLHV PDQDJHG E\
&RWWRQ6DOHV6RFLHW\ÀUVWRILWVNLQGLQ,QGLD5XUDO ZRPHQ7KHIROORZLQJWDEOHVUHYHDOWKHSURJUHVVRI
(OHFWULÀFDWLRQ 6RFLHW\ ZDV RUJDQL]HG IRU WKH ÀUVW &RRSHUDWLYHPRYHPHQWLQ.DUQDWDNDVLQFH 6.
time in Karnataka in Hukkeri of Belagavi district 0RUHGHWDLOVVHH Table 6.6 to 6.9
Table 6.6 Decade wise Progress of the Co-Operative Movement from 1946-47 to 1985-86
Sl Year
Particulars
No 1946-47 1956-57 1966-67 1976-77 1985-86
1 No. of Societies 2,545 20,407 24,056
2 1RRI0HPEHUV LQODNKV 17.57 64.54
3 Share Capital 0.80 142.22
a. Government NA NA NA 51.00 108.57
TRADE AND COMMERCE
CO-OPERATION,
4 Reserve and other funds
BANKING,
5 Own Capital 1.52 56.75
6 Working Capital 4.04 1065.27
7 Deposits NA 568.00
8 Loan Advances 12.77 154.75 222.60 416.70
9 No.of Villages covered percentage - - 100% 100%
No.of Agriculture families covered 447
10 - - NA 75%
percentage
Table 6.7 Decadal Growth of the Co-operative Societies in Karnataka (1961-2007)
Sl.
Particulars 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2003 2007
No.
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
Primary Co-operative
1. $JULFXOWXUDO 5XUDO 118 170 177 177 177 177 177
Development Banks
Primary Agricultural Credit
2. 8,675 4,871
Societies
Grain Banks 1,027 851 844 151 121 NA
4. 8UEDQ%DQNV NA 210
(PSOR\HHVDQGRWKHU&R
5. NA 766 NA
operative Credit Societies
0DUNHWLQJ&RRSHUDWLYH
6. 207 177 154
Societies (G) Purpose
Specialized Commodity
7. 0DUNHWLQJ&RRSHUDWLYH NA 62 144 NA
Societies
Processing Co-operative
8. 40 101 NA
Societies
Farming Co-operative
144 242 108 61 NA
Societies
0LON6XSSO\&RRSHUDWLYH
10. 70 617 2,577 10,667
Societies
Live Stock Co-operative
11. NA 241 NA
Societies
Irrigation Co-operative
12. 225 564 1,421 NA
Societies
Fisheries Co-operative
70 272 NA
Societies
Consumer Co-operative
14. 1,541, 1,650 1,502 1,677 NA
Societies
Housing Co-operative
15. 1,606 1,274 1,457
Societies
Weavers Co-operative
16. 621 726 410 614 NA
Societies
Industrial Co-operative
17. 1,064 1,001 NA
Societies
All Other types of Co-
18. 855
operative Societies
6RFLHWLHVXQGHU/LTXLGDWLRQ 277 2,175 4,408 4,158 2,517
448 Total 14,954 19,431 23,159 25,083 29,930 31,908 25,945
Table 6.8 Some Basic statistics of Co-operative Movement in the state for some recent years
Year
Sl
Particulars
No 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2012-13
1 No of Co-operatives
a) of which working
E RIZKLFKGHIHUUHG 2,588 2,014
F RIZKLFKOLTXLGDWHG 2,282
2 Share Capital (Rs In Crores) 2,786
a) of which Govt 207 206
E RIZKLFKPHPEHUV
0HPEHUVKLSLQDFWXDOV 1,87,88,741 2,18,11,687
4 Working Capital (Rs in Crores)
5 Deposits (Rs in Crores) 8,260 11,548 27,701
1RRIYLOODJHVFRYHUHGE\&R
6 100% 100% 100% 100%
operation %
No.of Agricultural families in the
7
State (2001 census)
$GXOWSRSXODWLRQFRYHUHGE\&R
8 77.60 77.60 77.60 77.60
operation (%)
1RRI&RRSHUDWLYHVXQGHUSURÀW 18,866
10 No.of Co-operatives under loss 15,545 16,518 16,451
Table 6.9 Co-operative Movement in Karnataka for some Selected years
(Rs in Lakhs)
TRADE AND COMMERCE
CO-OPERATION,
No. of
Year Membership Share Capital Working Capital
BANKING,
Co-operatives
1990-91 1,18,00,000
1994-95 70,411.02
1995-96 26,411 76,565.76 10,26,550.86
2000-01 1,62,00,000
2001-02 1,86,00,000
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
2002-03 1,62,740.00 22,65,420.00
2003-04 1,70,877.00
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13 2,18,11,000
Source : Registrar of Co-operative Societies in Karnataka, Bengaluru.
K.C.S. Act 1959 improved. The Karnataka State Souharda Federal
%HIRUH WKH UHRUJDQL]DWLRQ RI WKH 6WDWH Co-operative Ltd., is an organization formed under
different Co-operative Acts and rules were the provisions of Karnataka State Souharda Act
prevailing in different parts of Karnataka. In and is working since 2002. The progress of the
PRUH FRPSUHKHQVLYH DQG XQLIRUP ODZ Souharda Co-operative is as Given Under for
DSSOLFDEOHWRWKHHQWLUH6WDWHD&RRSHUDWLYH$FW
NQRZQ DV .&6 $FW ZDV XVKHUHG LQ DQG
1RRI6RXKDUGD&RRSHUDWLYHV
UXOHV WKHUH XQGHU ZHUH DGRSWHG LQ 7KH
SUHVHQW$FWKDVEHHQDPHQGHGWLPHVWLOO 0HPEHUV
The important amendments were incorporated in
6KDUH&DSLWDO FURUHV
DQG 7KH GHSDUWPHQW RI
Co-operation is empowered to enforce 10 different Deposits 6000 crores
Acts and Rules including Karnataka Souharda Loans 4600 crores
&RRSHUDWLYH$FW 5XOHVDQG3URKLELWLRQ 5HVHUYH)XQG FURUHV
RI&KDUJLQJ([RUELWDQW,QWHUHVW$FW
Working Capital 7000 crores
Karnataka Souharda Co-operative Act, 2001 3URÀW FURUHV
7KHDERYH$FWVDLGWREHWKHSDUDOOHO$FWWR.&6
People in direct appointment 17,500
ZDVSDVVHGLQ DQGZDVEURXJKWLQWR
HIIHFW IURP ÀUVW -DQXDU\ DQG UXOHV WKHUH 3HRSOHHPSOR\HGLQGLUHFWO\
XQGHULQ7KHQHHGIRUWKHDERYHDOWHUQDWLYH
7KH PRYHPHQW KDV FRYHUHG DOO WKH GLVWULFWV
legislation was keenly felt in general, mainly
RIWKH6WDWH7KHKLJKHVWQXPEHURI6RXKDUGD&R
EHFDXVHRIWKHUHSRUWRIWKHFRPPLWWHHDSSRLQWHG
RSHUDWLYHVDUHIRXQGLQ%HODJDYL IROORZHGE\
E\WKH3ODQQLQJ&RPPLVVLRQDQGKDGUHPDUNHG
%HQJDOXUX 9LMD\DSXUD DQGWKHOHDVW
WKDW´&RRSHUDWLYHPRYHPHQWKDVIDLOHGLQ,QGLD
LVLQ&KDPDUDMQDJDU DQG0DQG\D
%XW LW PXVW VXFFHHGµ ,W KDV IDLOHG EHFDXVH RI
the too much interference of the Government, so Yeshasvini Co-operative Farmers Health Care
WKH SHRSOH KDYH WR EH JLYHQ IUHHGRP IRU UXQQLQJ Scheme
WKH &RRSHUDWLYHV WKHP VHOYHV +HQFH WKH 0RGHO Yeshasvini LV D XQLTXH +HDOWK &DUH 6FKHPH
$FW SUHSDUHG E\ WKH 3ODQQLQJ &RPPLVVLRQ XQGHUWKH&RRSHUDWLYHIROGFRYHULQJWKHPHPEHUV
LQFRUSRUDWLQJ FRPPRQ OLEHUDO &RRSHUDWLYH of the rural Co-operatives upto the age of 75.
SULQFLSOHVZDVDGRSWHGE\VHYHUDO6WDWHVLQFOXGLQJ It is mainly aimed to ensure good health to the
Karnataka. IDUPHUV RI .DUQDWDND ,W LV D XQLTXH KHDOWK FDUH
VFKHPHH[WHQGHGWRSRRUIDUPHUVDQGWKHLUIDPLO\
It is a mile stone in the history of Co-operative
PHPEHUVEHLQJDSSUHFLDWHGDOORYHUWKHZRUOGDQG
movement in Karnataka. It has taken rapid
DGRSWHGE\PDQ\6WDWHV7KHVFKHPHZDVODXQFKHG
450 changes in the modus operandi or working
from 1st -XQH ,W KDV UHYROXWLRQL]HG UXUDO
SDWWHUQ DQG WKH TXDOLWLHV RI &RRSHUDWLYHV EHLQJ
health care and healing. Under the scheme with EHLQJ WKH PDLQ FRPPHUFLDO FURS PDUNHWLQJ RI
D PHDJUH VXP RI 5V SHU \HDU SHU PHPEHU it was FRYHUHG E\ &RIIHH 0DUNHWLQJ ([SDQVLRQ
D IDUPHU &RRSHUDWRU FDQ QRZ FRQÀGHQWO\ IDFH $FW DQG &RIIHH $FW RI RI WKH &HQWUDO
DQ\ FRPSOH[ KHDOWK UHODWHG FKDOOHQJHV DQG FDQ Government.
JHWDTXDOLW\WUHDWPHQWDQGFDQKDYHHDV\DFFHVV
,QWKHIRUPHU0\VRUH6WDWH0\VRUH$JULFXOWXUDO
WR H[SHQVLYH PHGLFDO RU VXUJLFDO WUHDWPHQWV LQ
3URGXFH 0DUNHWV $FW ZDV HQDFWHG IRU
selected hospitals all over the State.
WKH SXUSRVH 7KH )LUVW 0DUNHW &RPPLWWHH WR EH
8QGHU WKH VFKHPH D PHPEHU FDQ DYDLO IUHH HVWDEOLVKHG LQ ROG 0\VRUH ZDV DW 7LSWXU LQ
surgery up to Rs.1 lakh per surgery, and Rs two under which the trade of copra and coconut was
lakh for multiple surgeries during a year. As many regulated. The Reorganization of the State in
DV W\SHV RI VXUJHULHV KDYH EHHQ LQFOXGHG EURXJKWLQLWVFRQWUROUHJXODWHGPDUNHWV
under health care. The scheme also covers medical JRYHUQHG XQGHU GLIIHUHQW 0DUNHWLQJ /HJLVODWLRQV
HPHUJHQF\OLNHGURZQLQJGRJELWHVQDNHELWHEXOO that were in force including marketing personnel
JRUHLQMXU\EXUQVHOHFWULFVKRFNDQGDFFLGHQWV DQGPDUNHWFRPPLWWHHRIÀFLDOV,Q DQ$FW
from agricultural implements, normal delivery Neo PRUH FRPSUHKHQVLYH XQLIRUP DQG DSSOLFDEOH WR
natal care, free outpatient consultation including the entire State known as Karnataka Agricultural
diagnostic tests at concession rates. 3URGXFH 0DUNHWLQJ 5HJXODWLRQ $FW ZDV HQDFWHG
DQGEURXJKWLQWRIRUFHIURP0D\
5HFHQWO\ WKH VFKHPH KDV EHHQ H[WHQGHG WR
ZHDYHUV DQG ÀVKHUPHQ EXW DOO PHPEHUV RI WKH 7KHUH LV D 6WDWH $JULFXOWXUDO 0DUNHWLQJ %RDUG
Co-operative societies in rural area. For the period WRJXLGHUHJXODWHFRRUGLQDWHDQGÀQDQFH
&RRSHUDWLYH PHPEHUV KDYH developmental activities of regulated markets in
DYDLOHG WKH EHQHÀWV XQGHU WKH VFKHPH ZKLFK the State. The activities of the Board are mainly
LQFOXGHPHPEHUVVXUJHULHVDQG SURPRWLRQDO .DUQDWDND LV WKH ÀUVW 6WDWH LQ WKH
treated as out patients. The Govt. has sanctioned FRXQWU\ WR PDQDJH D FROOHJH DW +XEEDOOL
DQGUHOHDVHG5VFURUHVIRUXQGHUWKLV DQG 0\VRUH IRU WUDLQLQJ RI RIÀFLDOV DQG RWKHU
scheme. PHPEHUV HQJDJHG LQ DJULFXOWXUDO PDUNHWLQJ DQG
Regulated Market DOOLHGDFWLYLWLHV$JDLQ.DUQDWDNDLVWKHÀUVW6WDWH
(VWDEOLVKPHQW RI UHJXODWHG PDUNHWV HVSHFLDOO\ to cover hamals, cartmen and weighmen of the
for agricultural produces went a long way in $30& XQGHU JURXS LQVXUDQFH $30&V DUH
providing fair and remunerative prices to the H[WHQGLQJ VKRUW WHUP ORDQV WR IDUPHUV XS WR 5V
JURZHUV 7KH QHHG IRU WKH HVWDEOLVKPHQW RI 50,000 on pledge of produces.
5HJXODWHG 0DUNHWV HVSHFLDOO\ LQ UHVSHFW RI Since the implementation of the Regulated
agricultural produces was keenly felt as early as 0DUNHWV $FW LQ HIIRUWV DUH EHLQJ PDGH WR
LQ E\WKH5R\DO&RPPLVVLRQRQ$JULFXOWXUH EULQJ PRUH DQG PRUH QHZ DUHDV DQG QRWLÀHG
In different parts of integrated Karnataka efforts FRPPRGLWLHV XQGHU WKH UHJXODWLRQ %\
ZHUH PDGH WR HVWDEOLVK UHJXODWHG PDUNHWV LQ D WKHQXPEHURIPDUNHWLQFUHDVHGWRDQGWKDW
phased manner depending upon the potentialities. RI VXEPDUNHWV WR :LWK WKLV .DUQDWDND
,Q WKH IRUPHU %RPED\ .DUQDWDND DUHD DV HDUO\ th
ranked 6 in the country in respect of regulated
DVLQ PDMRUFDVKFURSFRWWRQZDVWKHÀUVW PDUNHWVDQGVXEPDUNHWV%\ WKH6WDWH
FRPPRGLW\WREHEURXJKWXQGHUUHJXODWLRQXQGHU KDG PDLQ PDUNHWV DQG VXEPDUNHWV
TRADE AND COMMERCE
WKH%RPED\&RWWRQ0DUNHW$FW 7KHPDUNHWV 7KH 'LYLVLRQZLVH GLVWULEXWLRQ RI PDUNHW DQG
CO-OPERATION,
RI +XEEDOOL DQG *DGDJ ZHUH EURXJKW XQGHU WKH VXEPDUNHWV ZHUH %HODJDYL %HQJDOXUX
BANKING,
RSHUDWLRQV RI WKLV $FW LQ %DLODKRQJDOD .DODEXUDJL 0\VXUX 7KH
PDUNHW LQ %HODJDYL GLVWULFW ZDV ÀUVW 0DUNHW WR QXPEHU LQ WKH EUDFNHWV LQGLFDWHV WKH QXPEHU RI
EHHVWDEOLVKHGLQ LQWKH%RPED\UHJLRQ,Q VXEPDUNHWV ,QWKH6WDWHKDGPDLQ
WKH IRUPHU +\GHUDEDG .DUQDWDND DUHD UHJXODWHG PDUNHWVDQGVXEPDUNHWV7KH'LYLVLRQZLVH
PDUNHWVFDPHLQWREHLQJLQ ,QWKH0DGUDV GLVWULEXWLRQ RI PDLQ PDUNHWV DQG VXEPDUNHWV
.DUQDWDNDDUHD0DGUDV&RPPHUFLDO&URS$FWRI ZHUH %HODJDYL %HQJDOXUX
ZDVXVKHUHGLQWRUHJXODWHWKHPDUNHWLQJRI 0\VXUX DQG.DODEXUDJL EUDFNHWV
commercial crops. In a tiny Kodagu State, coffee 451
indicatH VXEPDUNHWV 'XULQJ WKHUH
ZHUH PDLQ PDUNHWV DQG VXE PDUNHWV
2015-16 55.24 40,500.67
LQ WKH VWDWH $V RQ st 0DUFK WKHUH ZHUH
0DLQPDUNHWVDQG6XEPDUNHWVZLWKDQ 2016-17 84.77
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
DQQXDOWXUQRYHURI5VFURUHVZHUH 2017-18 4,88,52.571
operating in the State.
Projects undertaken: In 2012 Government
,I%HODJDYLGLVWULFWZLWK0DLQPDUNHWVDQG
has accorded administrative approval for
6XEPDUNHWV WRSSHG WKH OLVW 7XPDNXUX GLVWULFW
HVWDEOLVKLQJ5LFHWHFKQRORJ\3DUNIRUSURFHVVLQJ
ZLWK 0DLQDQG6XEPDUNHWVUDQNHGVHFRQG
JUDGLQJSDFNLQJEUDQGLQJPDUNHWLQJDQGH[SRUW
:KLOH8WWDUD.DQQDGDGLVWULFWZLWK0DLQDQG
6XE PDUNHWV UDQNHG WKLUG %HQJDOXUX 5XUDO etc. of Rice at Karatagi of Gangavati taluk at an
GLVWULFW ZLWK WZR 0DLQ DQG WKUHH 6XE 0DUNHWV HVWLPDWHG FRVW RI 5V ODNKV DQG GXULQJ
UDQNHG WKH OHDVW 7KH QXPEHUV RI 5HJXODWHG 5VODNKVKDYHEHHQDOORFDWHG
0DUNHWVDUHPRUHLQWKHIRUPHU%RPED\.DUQDWDND Development of Markets in Backward Areas
DUHDEHFDXVHRIWKHHDUOLHULPSOHPHQWDWLRQRIWKH $V SHU 'U 1DQMXQGDSSD &RPPLWWHH 5HSRUW
5HJXODWHG 0DUNHWV $FW DQG WKH FRYHUDJH RI WKH PDUNHWV ZHUH LGHQWLÀHG LQ PRVW EDFNZDUG DUHD
wider areas under the market regulations. GXULQJ 7RWDOO\ 5V ODNKV ZDV
The main vision of the department is to HVWLPDWHG IRU WKH GHYHORSPHQW SURMHFW DQG KDV
develop marketing system in the state, according EHHQVXEPLWWHGWRKLJKOHYHOFRPPLWWHH
WR WKH QHHGV RI JOREDOL]DWLRQ DQG WR FUHDWH D $V SHU WKH UHFHQW DPHQGPHQWV WR WKH H[LVWLQJ
YLEUDQW VHOIUDWLRQDO DQG FRPSHWLWLYH DJULFXOWXUH ODZ VLQFH ZRRG KDV EHHQ GHOHWHG IURP
marketing system in the State. The mission of the WKH OLVW RI QRWLÀHG FRPPRGLW\ DQG DV SHU WKH
GHSDUWPHQW LV WR HQVXUH DGHTXDWH LQIUDVWUXFWXUH 1HZ ,QGXVWULDO 3ROLF\ RI 0DUNHW IHH IRU
LQWKHPDUNHW\DUGDQGVXEPDUNHW\DUGVWKURXJK LQGXVWULHV KDV EHHQ ZDYHG RII ZLWK D YLHZ WR
$30&WRHQVXUHEHWWHUSULFHUHDOL]DWLRQWKURXJK encourage the investors in the state for new food
value addition to agriculture commodities. The
SURFHVVLQJLQGXVWULHVDQGIRUUHQHZDORIH[LVWLQJ
department is empowered to implement. (1)
food processing industries.
7KH .DUQDWDND $JULFXOWXUDO 3URGXFH 0DUNHWLQJ
5HJXODWLRQ DQG 'HYHORSPHQW $FW RI DQG Raitha Sanjeevini Scheme
5XOHV $JULFXOWXUDOSURGXFH *UDGLQJDQG Under the scheme, compensation varying from
0DUNLQJ $FW &HQWUDO $FW .DUQDWDND 5V WR LV JLYHQ WR PHPEHUV RI
State Warehouses $FW DQG 5XOHV the farmers family if they meet with an accidental
(Licensing Aspect only) GHDWK DQG SHUPDQHQW GLVDELOLW\ ZKLOH GRLQJ
agricultural or market operations. Farmers need
7KH YDOXH RI QRWLÀHG FRPPRGLWLHV WUDGHG LQ DOO
not pay any premium for this purpose. During
WKH $30&6 RI WKH 6WDWH IRU WKH ODVW \HDUV DQG
5V FURUHV UHOLHI ZDV JLYHQ WR
Table 6.10 market and Licence fee collected are
JLYHQEHORZ farmers.
5VFURUHV Janashri Bima Yojana
5V FURUHV This is Government of India Scheme under which
5VFURUHV the Hamals, Weighmen and Cartmen working
LQ $30&6 XQGHU OLFHQVH DUH LQVXUHG DJDLQVW
Table 6.10 Market and License Fee Collected GHDWKDQGSHUPDQHQWGLVDELOLW\2QEHKDOIRIWKH
Market License Total Shramik5VSHUDQQXPLVSDLGE\WKH$30&
Year DQGWKHUHPDLQLQJ5VSDLGE\*RYHUQPHQWRI
Rs in lakhs Rs in lakhs Rs in lakhs India, the scheme is implemented through LIC.
8QGHU WKH VFKHPH 5V LQ FDVH RI QDWXUDO
2011-12 220.17
death and Rs.75,000 in case of accidental death
2012-13 RU SHUPDQHQW GLVDELOLW\ LV FRPSHQVDWHG WR WKH
2013-14 175.58 affected. Under the scheme during the year 2010-
5V ODNKVZDVJLYHQWR shramikas as
452 2014-15 228.1
insurance amount.
Table 6.11 Number of Regulated Markets, Sub Markets and Turnover as in 2006-07
Sl.
District Main Markets Sub Markets Total Turn Over (Rs. In lakhs)
No.
1. Bengaluru 2 8 10
2. Bengaluru (R) 2 5 7
Chitradurga 6 7 71,866.88
4. Davanagere 6 8 14
5. Kolar 5 7 12
6. 0\VXUX 7 8 15
7. Tumakuru 10
8. Belagavi 10 46
9LMD\DSXUD 4 17 1,15,401.46
10. Bagalkot 6 14 20
11 Dharwad 5 18
12. Gadag 5 17 22
Haveri 7 12
14. Uttar Kannda 8 20 28
15. Ballari 7 14 21
16. Bidar 5 14
17. .DODEXUDJL 7 12
18. Raichur 4 12 16
Koppal 5 18
20. Chikkamagaluru 6 15
21. 0DQJDOXUX 5 10 15
TRADE AND COMMERCE
22. Udupi 6 60,867.17
CO-OPERATION,
BANKING,
Hassan 7 16
24. Kodagu 4 7
25. 0DQG\D 7 11 18 61,007.55
27. &KDPDUDMDQDJDU 4 7
State 145 314 459 38,55,163.36
Table 6.12 Districtwise No. of Main and Sub-Markets with Total Turnover of
Regulated Commodities in these Markets Covering 2011-12
Total
Principal
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
No. of No. of Turnover
Sl. (Main) Commodities
District Main Sub of all 92
No. marketed
Markets Markets commodities
in the District
(Rs.in lakhs)
*URXQGQXW 6XQÁRZHU 5HG JUDP -RZDU
%DMUD 0DL]H *UHHQ *UDP %HQJDO *UDP
1. Bagalkot 6 14 2QLRQ 6DMMH ZKHDW 6DIÁRZHU 6XQÁRZHU
&RWWRQ 7XUPHULF -DJJHU\ MDYL WXU
Sesamum.
Onion, Turdal, Potato, Dry Chillies, Rice,
*DUOLF &RFRQXW :KHDW 0DL]H 5DJL
2. Bengaluru 2 8 Banana Cardamom, Beans, Green Chilli,
$SSOH %DQDQD 5REXVWD 6ZHHW /LPH
Watermelon, Carrot, Pomegranate, Tomato.
5DJL9HJHWDEOHV3DGG\6ZHHWFRUQ0DL]H
Bengaluru (R.) 2 5
Rice, Wheat, Broken Rice.
-DJJHU\3RWDWR2QLRQ6ZHHWSRWDWR*UHHQ
gram, Paddy, tur, Cotton, Bengal gram,
4. Belagavi 10 MRZDUPDL]HEODFNJUDPZKHDWJURXQGQXW
VR\DEHDQ VXQÁRZHU &RZSHD JXU VDGDN
cashew nut, coconut, rice, turmeric.
3DGG\ JURXQGQXW VXQÁRZHU WXU
FRWWRQ PDL]H MRZDU GU\ FKLOOLHV QDYDQH
5. Ballari 7 14 KRUVHJUDPUDJLEDMUDEODFNJUDPFRZSHD
%HQJDOJUDPWDPDULQG5LFHRQLRQMDJJHU\
wheat.
*UHHQJUDPEODFNJUDPWXU%HQJDOJUDP
6. Bidar 5 MRZDU VXQÁRZHU ZKHDW VR\DEHDQ FRWWRQ
karad.
-RZDU ZKHDW FRWWRQ JURXQGQXW EDMUD
7. 9LMD\DSXUD 4 PDL]HWXUEODFNJUDPVXQÁRZHUVDIÁRZHU 1,15,401.46
SDGG\JUHHQJUDP%HQJDOJUDPMDJJHU\
-DJJHU\ KRUVHJUDP UDJL RQLRQ FRFRQXW
8. &KDPDUDMDQDJDU 4 WXUPHULF SDGG\ MRZDU PDL]H JURXQGQXW
FRWWRQVXQÁRZHUVHHGVPDL]H
0DL]H FDEEDJH EHHWURRW FDUURW WRPDWR
FXFXPEHU EHDQV SRWDWR ULGJHJXDUG
&KLNNDEDOODSXU 4 FDSVLFXP JURXQGQXW ULFH EURNHQ ULFH
ragi, paddy, onion, horsegram, tamarind,
VXQÁRZHUVHHGVQHHPVHHGVFDVWRUVHHGV
%ODFNSHSSHU PDL]H VRSDQXW FDEEDJH
SRWDWR EHDQV WRPDWR MRZDU UDJL FRSUD
horse gram, groundnut, cotton, tillseeds,
10. Chikkamagaluru 6
VXQÁRZHU SDGG\ DUHFDXQW FDVKHZQXW
JLQJHU EDQDQD FRFRQXW ULFH WHQGHU
coconut.
Groundnut, till, arecanut, maize, avar,
MRZDU UDJL FRWWRQ EHQJDOJUDP VXQÁRZHU
11. Chitradurga 6 7 paddy, maize, chillies, tamarind, tur, maize, 71,866.88
rice, coconut, green gram, sesamum,
454 navane, savi.
Dakshina 5LFH&DVKHZQXWEDQDQDFRFRQXWFRSUD
12. 5 10
Kannada paddy, pepper, arecanut,
3DGG\MRZDUPDL]HJURXQGQXWFRWWRQUDJL
VXQÁRZHU DUHFDQXW FRFRQXW RQLRQ ULFH
tender coconut, dry chilly, alasandegram,
Davanagere 6 8
JUHHQ JUDP QDYDQH EDMUD VKHHS JRDW
honge seeds, green chilly, tomato, green
ginger.
0DL]H FRWWRQ %HQJDO JUDP VDYL ZKHDW
JUHHQ JUDP JURXQG QXW VR\DEHDQ MRZDU
14. Dharwad 5 GU\ FKLOO\ OLQW FRWWRQ EDMUD FKLOOLHV
RQLRQ PRRQJ VR\DEHDQ SDGG\ UHG FKLOO\
VDIÁRZHU
0RRQJ %HQJDO JUDP FRWWRQ JURXQGQXW
VXQÁRZHU VDIÁRZHU OLQW MRZDU ZKHDW
15. Gadag 5 17 VKHQJDJDMMH NXVXEH WLOO VXQÁRZHU JUHDQ
JUDP PDL]H VHVDPXP VDMMH DODVDQGH
JUDPEDMUD
%ODFN JUDP MRZDU VHVDPH VXQÁRZHU
16. .DODEXUDJL 7 12 %HQJDO JUDP ZKHDW JUHHQ JUDP MDJJHU\
VDMMHWRRUPRRQJXULGFRWWRQ
Potato, maize, Ragi, Onion, Green chilly,
green ginger, Paddy, Coconut, Tender
FRFRQXW MDJJHU\ FRSUD FRZSHD JUHHQ
17. Hassan 7 16
JUDP PDL]H VXQÁRZHU WLOVHHG FRWWRQ
sesamum, horsegram, nizerseeds, tur, rice,
pepper, soapnut, antuwala, white pepper.
/LQW EORFN JUDP MRZDU WDPDULQG VHHGV
VR\DEHDQWXUGDOFRWWRQSDGG\VXQÁRZHU
18. Haveri 7 12 PDL]H JUHHQ FKLOO\ ZKHDW ULFH MRZDU
mango, dry chillie, groundnut, savi, ragi,
moong.
Ginger, paddy, Rice, cashewnut, pepper,
Kodagu 4
arecanut, Banana, Green chilly, maize.
3RWDWR WRPDWR EHDQV FDUURW EHHWURRW
ULGJHJXDUG FDXOLÁRZHU FDEEDJH UDGGLVK
EHOODU\ RQLRQ ULFH EURNHQ ULFH MDJJHU\
20. Kolar 5 7 WXUGDO KRUVHJUDP SDGG\ PDL]H EODFN
JUDP FDSFLFXP EDQDQD JUHHQ SXPSNLQ
FRFRQXW PDQJR JLQJHU FXFXPEHU
groundnut, tamarind.
TRADE AND COMMERCE
%DMUD MRZDU PDL]H QDYDQH %HQJDO JUDP
CO-OPERATION,
VHVDPXP FRZSHD VXQÁRZHU JURXQGQXW
BANKING,
21. Koppal 5
SDGG\ QHHP VHHGV DODVDQGH MDJJHU\
cotton, rice, green gram, lint, wheat.
3DGG\ MDJJHU\ ULFH UDJL FRFRQXW ULFH
cowpea, tender coconut, niger seeds,
KRUVHJUDPVHVDPXPFXFXPEHUSXPSNLQ
22. 0DQG\D 7 11 61,007.55
sweet potato, tomato, maize, tilseeds, green
ginger, papaya, cotton, tamarind, maize,
copra, green gram. 455
3DGG\ WDPDULQG UDJL MRZDU PDL]H
JURXQGQXW KRUVH JUDP VXQÁRZHU GU\
chillies, coconut, rice, ginger, cotton, tender
KARNATAKA
0\VXUX 7 8 coconut, green chillies, cowpea, tomato,
HAND BOOK OF
ZDWHUPHORQ EDQDQD JLQJHOO\ DYDUH
DODVDQGH GU\ JLQJHU MDJJHU\ EURNHQ ULFH
wheat.
&RFRQXW YHJHWDEOHV ZDWHUPHORQ
groundnut, soapnut, mango, paddy, ragi,
24. Ramanagar 6 JLQJHOO\ ULFH FXFXPEHU EHDWHO OHDYHV
WRPDWR PDL]H EXOODU WDPDULQG VHHGV
EDQDQDKRUVHJUDPUDJL
3DGG\ MRZDU VXQÁRZHU JURXQGQXW
VDIÁRZHUFDVWRUVHHGV%HQJDOJUDPJUHHQ
25. Raichur 4 12
JUDP WXU FRWWRQ VLUDO PLUFKL EDMUD
wheat, maize.
$UHFDXQXWFRWWRQSDGG\FKLOOLHVMDJJHU\
PDL]HWDPDULQGJLQJHUMRZDUUDJLPDL]H
SDGG\ FRWWRQ VXQÁRZHU JUHHQ JUDP
26. Shivamogga 7 15 rice, cattle, tamarind seeds, green ginger,
soapnut, cashewnut, turmeric, antuwala,
pepper, Bengal gram, coriander, coconut,
EODFNSHSSHU
Hongeseeds, tamarind, soapnut, ragi,
arecanut, coconut, paddy, onion, potato,
ULFH FRSUD NKRXW MDJJHU\ JURXQGQXW
VXQÁRZHU VHHGV SDGG\ WXU FRFRQXW GU\
27. Tumakuru 10
chilli, tamarind seeds, ground nut seeds, red
JUDP EDQDQD PDL]H DODVDQGH DYDUHGDO
WXUGDOPRRQJVDYHVHHJXVHVDPXPVDMMH
cowpea, navane.
Paddy, coconut, cashewnut, arecanut,
28. Udupi 60,867.17
copra, rice.
Arecanut, pepper, onion, tamarind, maize,
paddy, cashew, potato, dry chillies, coconut,
Uttara Kannada 8 20
FRWWRQJUHHQJLQJHUULFHEDQDQDEHOWQXW
JURXQGQXWPDQJREHHWOHOHDYHVUDJL
3DGG\ FRWWRQ VDIÁRZHU EODFN JUDP
<DGJLU 8 VXQÁRZHU JURXQGQXW PRRQJ WXU JUHHQ
JUDPUHGJUDPEDMUD
Total 162 352 44,21,794.41
,PSRUWDQW0DUNHWVDQG1RWLÀHG&RPPRGLWLHVDUHDVIROORZV
9LMD\DSXUD5DQHEHQQXU%DLOKRQJDO5DLFKXU6DQWKHVDUJXUX+DYHUL6RXQGDWWL
Cotton
+XEEDOOL'KDUZDG%DOODUL1DUJXQG*DGDJ
Groundnut &KDONHUH*DGDJ&KLWUDGXUJD5DLFKXU'DYDQDJHUH+XEEDOL
Dry Chillies %\DGDJL+XEEDOOL5DQHEHQQXUDQG+DYHUL
0DQG\D 0DKDOLQJDSXU %KDGUDYDWKL &KDPDUDMDQDJDU %HODJDYL %DJDONRW
-DJJHU\
-DPNKDQGL%DQJDUSHW
456 Areca 0\VXUX6DJDU6LUVL0DQJDOXUX&KLWUDGXUJD
Coconut .DGXU7DULNHUH.53HWH7LSWXU FRSUD $UVLNHUH0DQG\D&KDQQDUD\DSDWQD
)UXLWV)ORZHUV 9HJHWDEOH %HQJDOXUX0\VXUX%HODJDYLDQG+XEEDOOL
*DQJDYDWKL 6LQGKQRRU 5DLFKXU 6LUDJXSSD 0DQYL 'DYDQDJHUH 71DUDVLSXU
Paddy
Ballari.
-RZDU *DGDJ+DYHUL%HODJDYL9LMD\DSXUD
Wheat *DGDJ9LMD\DSXUD%HODJDYL'KDUZDG
Ragi Arasikere, Hassan, Tamakuru, Harapanahalli.
7XU 'DO .DODEXUDJL%LGDU<DGJLU6HGDP&KLWDSXUDQG5DLFKXU
Betel leaves +RQQDYDU'KDUZDG5DQHEHQQXU6DYDQXU7XPDNXUXDQG&KDQQDSDWQD
Onion %HQJDOXUX+XEEDOOL%HODJDYL'DYDQDJHUH&KDOODNHUHDQG0\VXUX
Potato 0\VXUX0DOXU&KLNEDOODSXU%HQJDOXUX+DVVDQ%HODJDYLDQG+XEEDOOL
Spices 0DGLNHUL*RQLNRSSDO0XGLJHUHDQG6DNDOHVKSXU
Silk 5DPDQDJDU&KDQQDSDWQD.DQDNDSXUD6KLGODJKDWWD9LMD\DSXUD .ROOHJDO
Tender Coconut 0DGGXU0DQG\D
The Karnataka Agricultural Produce Karnataka State Warehousing Corporation
Marketing (Regulation and Development) According to the prevailing local conditions,
(Second Amendment) Bill, 2013 different methods of conserving food grains are
It envisages the introduction of warehouse- in vogue in different parts of Karnataka especially
EDVHGVDOHVDQGVLQJOHXQLÀHGOLFHQVHWRWUDGHUV E\ WKH DJULFXOWXULVWV 7KH FRQFHSW RI 3XEOLF
It proposes to introduce market reforms in the Warehousing is of recent development, though
DJULFXOWXUDO PDUNHWLQJ VHFWRU E\ LQWURGXFLQJ temples did have common warehouses for storage
ZDUHKRXVHEDVHG VDOHV VLQJOH XQLÀHG OLFHQVH of food grains in villages, when land revenue
to traders and improved marketing access. It was collected in kind, the State had warehouses
LV VDLG WKDW QR PDUNHW IHH ZRXOG EH OHYLHG RQ at various points to store them. The Royal
ÁRZHUV IUXLWV DQG YHJHWDEOHV DQG WKH PDUNHWLQJ &RPPLVVLRQRQ$JULFXOWXUHLQ WKH5HVHUYH
FRPPLWWHHZRXOGFROOHFWXVHUFKDUJHIURPEX\HUV %DQN RI ,QGLD LQ DQG WKH 5XUDO %DQNLQJ
RIWKHSURGXFHDWVXFKUDWHVVSHFLÀHGLQWKHE\ODZV (QTXLU\ &RPPLVVLRQ LQ KDG HPSKDVL]HG
DSSURYHGE\WKH'LUHFWRURI$JULFXOWXUH0DUNHWLQJ WKHQHHGIRUWKHHVWDEOLVKPHQWRIDZDUHKRXVLQJ
7KH'LUHFWRURI$JULFXOWXUH0DUNHWLQJZRXOGLVVXH system for agricultural product and creation
licenses to traders to operate as trader in any RI D QHJRWLDEOH SDSHUV ,W ZDV QRW XQWLO WKH $OO
RI WKH $30& \DUGV DQG SULYDWH PDUNHW \DUGV LQ India Rural Credit Survey Committee which again
WKH 6WDWH 7KH H[LVWLQJ OLFHQVHH VKRXOG REWDLQ D UHLWHUDWHG DQG UHFRPPHQGHG LQ WKDW WKH
IUHVKWUDGHOLFHQVHZLWKLQDSHULRGRIVL[PRQWKV concept of warehousing had taken a concrete
from the date of commencement of the Karnataka shape. These recommendations paved the way for
$JULFXOWXUDO 3URGXFH 0DUNHWLQJ 5HJXODWLRQ DQG enactment of Agricultural Produce (Development
'HYHORSPHQW 6HFRQG $PHQGPHQW $FW DQG :DUHKRXVLQJ FRUSRUDWLRQV $FW VLQFH
7KH%LOOHQYLVDJHVHVWDEOLVKLQJDGLUHFWSXUFKDVH UHSODFHG E\ WKH :DUHKRXVLQJ &RUSRUDWLRQ $FW
TRADE AND COMMERCE
CO-OPERATION,
FHQWHU WR EX\ QRWLÀHG DJULFXOWXUDO SURGXFH DQGHVWDEOLVKPHQWRIWKH&HQWUDODQG6WDWH
BANKING,
directly from an agriculturist. It also proposed Ware-housing Corporations.
to set up a Registering Authority for addressing
The Karnataka State Warehousing Corporation
disputes arising out of contract farming. It would
ZDV HVWDEOLVKHG LQ 1RYHPEHU ZLWK DQ
UHVROYHWKHGLVSXWHZLWKLQGD\VIURPWKHGDWH
authorized share capital of Rs. two crores and a
RI UHIHUHQFH RI GLVSXWH E\ JLYLQJ WKH SDUWLHV D
SDLGXSVKDUHFDSLWDORI5V FURUHV,WVWDUWHG
UHDVRQDEOHRSSRUWXQLW\RIEHLQJKHDUG,WZRXOG
HIIHFWLYH IXQFWLRQLQJ LQ 2FWREHU ZLWK WKH
HOLPLQDWH WKH UROH RI PLGGOHPHQ LQ $30&V DQG
HVWDEOLVKPHQW RI WKUHH ZDUHKRXVLQJ FHQWHUV DW
allowed traders to sell produce in any market in
0\VXUX+XEEDOOLDQG5DLFKXU$VLQ WKHUH 457
the State.
were 46 warehouse Centers functioning in the Table 6.13 District Wise, Storage Capacity
State at several places. The total capacity was of CWC and FCI
RI WKH RUGHU RI WRQHV 'XULQJ Storage Capacity in MTs
Sl. Name of the
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
WKH &RUSRUDWLRQ ZDV UXQQLQJ ZDUHKRXVHV No District CWC FCI
ZLWK D VWRUDJH FDSDFLW\ RI WRQHV 7KH
KHDG RIÀFH RI WKH &RUSRUDWLRQ LV ORFDWHG DW 1 Bagalkot 0 0
%HQJDOXUX7KHUHDUHWZRUHJLRQDORIÀFHVRQHDW 2 Bengaluru (U) 1,40,450
0\VXUXDQGWKHRWKHUDW+XEEDOOL:DUHKRXVLQJ
Bengaluru (R) 4,275 0
LQ WKH SXEOLF VHFWRU RSHUDWHV XQGHU WKH &HQWUDO
4 Belagavi 20,000
Warehousing Corporation at the Centre, the State
Warehousing Corporations at the State, taluk 5 Ballari 44,071 25,000
and village levels. The warehousing corporations 6 Bidar 10,000 0
SURYLGH VFLHQWLÀF VWRUDJH IDFLOLWLHV DQG VDYH
7 9LMD\DSXUD 0 20,000
WKH SURGXFHUV IURP PDNLQJ GLVWUHVV VDOW E\
providing them cheap credit against pledging 8 &KDPDUDMDQDJDU 400 0
RI WKHLU VWRFNV ZKLFK DUH FRYHUHG E\ ZDUHKRXVH &KLNNDEDOODSXU 0
receipts. For the goods deposited in a warehouse,
10 Chitradurga 0
the corporation gives a warehouse receipt which
11 South Canara 0
LV D QHJRWLDEOH GRFXPHQW %RWK WKH &HQWUDO DQG
6WDWH :DUHKRXVLQJ &RUSRUDWLRQV KDYH EHHQ 12 Davanagere 24,545 0
FRQWULEXWLQJWRWKH1DWLRQDOHFRQRP\E\DYRLGLQJ Dharwad 14,000
wastage in handling and storage of agricultural
14 Gadag 57,784 0
produces, inputs and other commodities. The
commodities accepted for storage in warehouses 15 .DODEXUDJL 0
DUHQHDUO\LQQXPEHU7KHFKLHIDPRQJWKHP 16 Hassan 10,000
LQFOXGHIRRGJUDLQVSXOVHVFRWWRQMXWHYHJHWDEOH
17 Haveri 48,425 0
oil, oilseeds, fertilizers, agricultural implements
18 Kodagu 10,586 2,500
DQG QRWLÀHG FRPPRGLWLHV DQG DOVR WKRVH DV DQG
ZKHQ DQQRXQFHG E\ WKH &HQWUDO *RYHUQPHQW Kolar 0 5,500
Stocks stored for storage in the warehouses are 20 Koppal 1,200 10,000
H[DPLQHG DQG JUDGHG DFFRUGLQJ WR WKH 1DWLRQDO
21 0DQG\D
*UDGHVRIVSHFLÀFDWLRQVDQGDUHUHFRJQL]HGE\WKH
WUDGHUVEDQNVDQGRWKHUV 22 0\VXUX 0
Raichur 4,676 15,000
$V RI 0DUFK WKH .DUQDWDND 6WDWH
Warehousing Corporation (KSWC) is operating 24 Ramanagar 0 0
FHQWUHV ZLWK LWV RZQ VFLHQWLÀF VWRUDJH 25 Shivamogga
FDSDFLW\RI/07ZLWK/07V&DSDFLW\
26 Tumakuru 11,542 20,000
utilization. At present KSWC is operating with the
DYHUDJHRFFXSDQF\UDWHRI SHUFHQW&HQWUDO 27 Udupi 0 10,000
Warehousing Corporation (CWC) is operating in 28 North Canara 0 0
GLVWULFWVRIWKH6WDWHZLWKWKHVWRUDJHFDSDFLW\
<DGJLU 0 0
RI /DNK 07 )RRG &RUSRUDWLRQ RI ,QGLD LV
Total 6,19,656 3,80,360
RSHUDWLQJ LQ GLVWULFWV RI WKH VWDWH ZLWK WKH
VWRUDJHFDSDFLW\RIODNK073ULYDWHFROG Coins and Currency
storages operating in the state with the storage
The currencies which were prevalent in
FDSDFLW\ RI /DNK 07 LQ WKH 6WDWH DQG
different parts of Karnataka during the last 100
3XEOLF DQG &RRSHUDWLYH VHFWRU FROG VWRUDJHV \HDUV SURYLGH DQ LQWHUHVWLQJ ÀHOG RI VWXG\ IRU
RSHUDWLQJZLWKWKHVWRUDJHFDSDFLW\RI07V numismatists. The coins of the Satavahanas,
458 in the State. For more details see Table 6.13.
.DGDPEDV *DQJDV %DGDPL &KDOXN\DV
Rashtrakutas, Kalyana Chalukyas, Kalachuris, and each anna was divided into 12 pies (kasu).
6HYXQDV +R\VDODV 9LMD\DQDJDUD 0\VXUX DQG High denomination notes (Rs.1,000, Rs 5,000, Rs
WKH FRLQV PLQWHG E\ WKH VPDOOHU NLQJGRPV DQG ZHUHUHLQWURGXFHGLQ
independent palegars provide a fertile arena for
The shift to decimal coinage was made in
the study of the gold, silver and copper coins.
7KH ,QGLDQ &RLQDJH $PHQGPHQW $FW RI
The gold varahas or gadyanas RI .DGDPEDV
SDYHG WKH ZD\ IRU WKH LQWURGXFWLRQ RI WKH
&KDOXN\DVDQGWKH9LMD\DQDJDUD WKHVLOYHUFRLQV
decimal coinage system and the coins in the
of the Rashtrakutas which came into general use
GHQRPLQDWLRQ RI RQH WZR ÀYH DQG
ZLWK WKH DVFHQGDQF\ RI 0XKDPPDGDQ G\QDVWLHV
SDLVHZHUHLQWURGXFHGLQ &XUUHQF\QRWHVLQ
LQWKH1RUWK WKHUXSHHFRLQVLVVXHGE\WKH(DVW
the denomination of Rs.10, 20, 50, 100, 500 and
India Company have their own tales to recount
ZHUH LVVXHG E\ WKH &XUUHQF\ 'HSDUWPHQW
DERXW WKH JHQHUDO HFRQRPLF FRQGLWLRQV RI WKHLU ,Q -DQXDU\ DOO KLJKGHQRPLQDWLRQ
times. Two Princely States and the British India EDQNQRWHV 5V 5V DQG 5V
were minting the coins during the turn of the ZHUH GHPRQHWL]HG WR FXUE XQDFFRXQWHG PRQH\
present century. After Independence, the different ,Q RUGHU WR FRQWDLQ WKH YROXPH RI EDQN QRWHV LQ
currencies which were in circulation were FLUFXODWLRQGXHWRLQÁDWLRQWKH5VEDQNQRWH
UHSODFHG E\ WKH *RYHUQPHQW RI ,QGLD FXUUHQF\ was reintroduced in 2000.
WKURXJKRXW WKH &RXQWU\ .DQWKMUD\D honnu
SDJRGD RI0\VRUHZDVLQFLUFXODWLRQLQWKH6WDWH The Reserve Bank of India has today advised
during the latter part of the last century. In 1870, WKDW DIWHU 0DUFK LW ZLOO FRPSOHWHO\
WKH ,QGLDQ &RLQDJH $FW RI ZDV H[WHQGHG WR ZLWKGUDZ IURP FLUFXODWLRQ DOO EDQN QRWHV LVVXHG
0\VXUX6WDWH,WUHVXOWHGLQPDNLQJWKHFRLQVRI SULRUWR)URP$SULOWKHSXEOLFZLOO
the Government of India, a legal tender in the EH UHTXLUHG WR DSSURDFK EDQNV IRU H[FKDQJLQJ
6WDWH/DWHULQ WKHFXUUHQF\QRWHVRI0DGUDV WKHVHQRWHV%DQNVZLOOSURYLGHH[FKDQJHIDFLOLW\
circle were made legal tender in Bengaluru City. for these notes until further communication.
$IWHUQHDUO\\HDUVGXULQJWKH)LUVW:RUOG:DU 7KH5HVHUYH%DQNIXUWKHUVWDWHGWKDWSXEOLFFDQ
XQGHUWKH(PHUJHQF\5HJXODWLRQ;,RI WKH HDVLO\ LGHQWLI\ WKH QRWHV WR EH ZLWKGUDZQ DV WKH
currency notes of Government of India issued QRWHVLVVXHGEHIRUHGRQRWKDYHRQWKHPWKH
ZLWKLQ WKH 0DGUDV FLUFOH ZHUH PDGH OHJDO WHQGHU year of printing on the reverse side. The Reserve
LQWKHROG0\VRUH6WDWHDOVR7KH2QHUXSHHQRWH %DQN KDV DOVR FODULÀHG WKDW WKH QRWHV LVVXHG
EHIRUHZLOOFRQWLQXHWREHOHJDOWHQGHU7KLV
ÀUVWLVVXHGLQ'HFHPEHU ZDVGLVFRQWLQXHGLQ
ZRXOGPHDQWKDWEDQNVDUHUHTXLUHGWRH[FKDQJH
-DQXDU\ 7KHFRLQVLVVXHGE\WKH*RYHUQPHQW
the notes for their customers as well as for non-
of India were of copper, nickel and silver. Copper
customers. From midnight 8th 1RYHPEHUDOO
coins in circulation were in the denomination
5VDQG5VEDQNQRWHVRIWKH0DKDWPD
of kasu(pie) murukasu TXDUWHU anna) and
*DQGKL6HULHVFHDVHGWREHDIRUPRIOHJDOWHQGHU
ardhane (half anna). Nickel coins were also in the
and the Rs.500 and 2,000 was introduced after
denomination of ane (one anna), eradane (two
the demonetized old Rs.500 and Rs 1,000 notes.
annas) and pavali (four annas). The silver coins
in circulation were doddaane (two annas), pavali Special Commemorative Coins: After
(four annas), ardharupayi (half rupee) and rupayi independence, the Government of India mint,
(one rupee). Paper currency was introduced in minted coins imprinted with Indian statesmen,
%ULWLVK,QGLDDIWHUWKHHVWDEOLVKPHQWRIWKH3DSHU KLVWRULFDO DQG UHOLJLRXV ÀJXUHV ,Q WKH \HDU
&XUUHQF\'HSDUWPHQWE\WKH*RYHUQPHQWRI,QGLD DQG IRU WKH ÀUVW WLPH HYHU 5V
TRADE AND COMMERCE
CO-OPERATION,
LQ0DUFK7KHWKUHH3UHVLGHQF\PLQWVZHUH Rs.150 and Rs.1000 coins were minted in
BANKING,
empowered to issue the paper currency and in ,QGLD WR FRPPHPRUDWH WKH 3ODWLQXP -XELOHH RI
WKHIXQFWLRQRILVVXLQJQRWHVZDVWUDQVIHUUHG 5HVHUYH %DQN RI ,QGLD WK ELUWK DQQLYHUVDU\
to the Reserve Bank of India. As a result, the of Ravindranath Tagore and 1000 years of
Reserve Bank of India started issuing currency %ULKDGHVKYDUD 7HPSOH 7DQMRUH UHVSHFWLYHO\
QRWHV VLQFH $IWHU ,QGHSHQGHQFH WKH QHZ In 2012 a Rs.60 coin was also issued to
HPEOHPRIWKH*RYHUQPHQWof India appeared on commemorate the 60 years of Government of
the coins and notes in the place of King George VI. ,QGLD 0LQW .RONDWD /LNHZLVH FRPPHPRUDWLYH
New coins of all denominations were introduced coins are issued regularly to commemorate the
DIWHU 7KH UXSHH ZDV GLYLGHG LQWR annas occasion meaningfully.
Department of Legal Metrology Formerly /HJDO0HWURORJ\ 1XPHUDWLRQ 5XOHV 7KH
known as Department of Weights and measures, /HJDO0HWURORJ\ $SSURYDORI0RGHOV 5XOHV
now in order to align with the recommendations 7KH /HJDO 0HWURORJ\ 3DFNDJHG &RPPRGLWLHV
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
RI ,QWHUQDWLRQDO 2UJDQL]DWLRQ RI /HJDO 0HWURORJ\ Rules-2011. 7) The Indian Institute of Legal
IRU ZKLFK ,QGLD LV DOVR D PHPEHU FRXQWU\ WKH 0HWURORJ\ 5XOHV 7KH .DUQDWDND /HJDO
'HSDUWPHQW LV UHQDPHG DV ´'HSDUWPHQW RI 0HWURORJ\ (QIRUFHPHQW 5XOHV²
/HJDO 0HWURORJ\µ 7KH GHSDUWPHQW DLPV IRU WKH
Table 6.14 Statistics of the Department for
0DLQWHQDQFH RI DFFXUDF\ LQ DOO :HLJKWV the Years upto March 2018
0HDVXUHV XVHG LQ WUDGH &RPPHUFH ,QGXVWU\
2) Protection of Consume against cheating in 9HULÀFDWLRQ No. of Cases Compounding
Year Fees Booked Fees Collected
:HLJKWV DQG 0HDVXUHV LQ WUDQVDFWLRQ 7R (Rs.in lakhs) (in Number) (Rs. in lakhs)
HQVXUH FRUUHFW TXDQWLWLHV LQ :HLJKWV 0HDVXUHV 2011-12 47,06,6761
and Packaged Commodities. 4) To ensure
4,15,71,450
correct Weighment of farm produce in sale and
WUDQVDFWLRQ ,Q RUGHU WR DFKLHYH WKH DERYH JRDO
the Department is enforcing and implementing 2014-15
the following Central and State Legislations. 2015-16 21,506 61,4,25,165
D 7KH /HJDO 0HWURORJ\ $FW 7KH /HJDO 2016-17 11,486 4,56,24,856
0HWURORJ\ *HQHUDO 5XOHV 7KH /HJDO
0HWURORJ\ 1DWLRQDO6WDQGDUG 5XOHV 7KH 2017-18 41,71,66,511 16,250
Table 6.15 Branch N e t w o r k
Sl. Increase / Decrease in
Branch Network March -2016 March-2017 March-2018
No. 2017-2018
1 Rural 52
2 6HPL8UEDQ 2441 -102
8UEDQ 2046 2207 2172
4 0HWUR37 2066 2155 -76
Total Branches 10502 10968 10807 -161
Source : SLBC, Karnataka
Table 6.16 Category Wise Bank Branch Network - Year ending
Sl. No Banks March 2016 March 2017 March 2018
1 Commercial Banks 7826 8168
2 Regional Rural Banks
KASCARD 202
4 '&&%DQN .6&RRS$SH[%DQN 758 786
5 Karnataka Industrial Co-operative Bank -
6 KSFC
Total 10502 10968 10807
460
Source : SLBC, Karnataka
Table 6.17 Consolidated Financial Status of DCCB
(Rs. i n crore)
Particulars 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18
No of DCCBs 21 21 21 21
Total share capital 808.26 1188.48
States’ share capital
Share of state share capital % 1.58 1.72
Deposits
Borrowings 7188.86
/RDQV $GYDQFHV 2XWVWDQGLQJ
16560.67
%DQNVVKRZLQJSURÀW 20 21 20 21
7KH0LFUR)LQDQFH3URÀOHRIWKH6WDWH
1XPEHURI6+*V3URPRWHG 6DYLQJ/LQNHGGXULQJ
&XPXODWLYH1XPEHURI6+*V6DYLQJOLQNHGDVRQ 1XPEHURI
live SB accounts of SHGs)
1XPEHURI6+*VFUHGLWOLQNHGGXULQJ 461705
%DQN/RDQGLVEXUVHGGXULQJWKH\HDU 5VLQFURUH
%DQN/RDQRXWVWDQGLQJDVRQ 5VLQFURUH
Average Loan per SHG (Rs.in lakh) 1.58
Percentage of Women SHGs
Source: NABARD Focus Paper
Target and Achievement for the year 2017-18
Targets for the year 2017-18 Achievement as on 31.03.2018
Credit Linkage of Credit Linkage Credit Linkage Credit Linkage
New SHGs New SHGs
SHGs of JLGs of SHGs of JLGs
0 2,50,000 461705
TRADE AND COMMERCE
CO-OPERATION,
BANKING,
Targets for the year 2017-18 30.09.2017
Credit Credit
Credit Linkage of Credit Linkage
New SHGs Linkage of New SHGs Linkage of
SHGs of SH Gs
JLGs J LGs
0 40 000 0 110000 104 266 50058
461
Source: SLBC
Table 6.18 Performance of Short Term, Medium Term and Long Term Credit
(Rs. in Crore)
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
Type of Loan Target Achievement per cent
Short term 10000
0HGLXPWHUP 400
2014-15
Long term
Short term 10500
2015-16 0HGLXPWHUP 400
Long term 262.50 87.50
Short term 11000.00
2016-17 0HGLXPWHUP 1000.00
Long term 600.00 440.41
Short term 12000.00 88.10
2017-18 0HGLXPWHUP 1000.00 848.74 84.87
Long term 500.00
Short term 12000.00 48.46
6HS 0HGLXPWHUP 1000.00 25.51
Long term 8.07
462
7DEOH 'LVWULFW$QG%DQN*URXS:LVH'LVWULEXWLRQ2I7KH1XPEHU2I5HSRUWLQJ2IÀFHV
Aggregate Deposits And Gross Bank Credit Of All Scheduled Commercial Banks – Sept 2018
(Rs. in Lakh)
Total Banks
Sl. No District
OfÀces Deposits Credit
1 Bagalkote 252
2 Bangalore Rural 606816
%DQJDORUH8UEDQ 2418
4 Belagavi 2458667 1804405
5 Ballari
1185874
6 Bidar
7 9LMD\DSXUD
8 &KDPDUDMDQDJDU
115
&KLNNDEDOODSXUD
10 Chikkamagaluru
252 728216
11 Chitradurga
207 546566 520207
12 Dakshin Kannad 588
Davangere
TRADE AND COMMERCE
14 Dharwad
CO-OPERATION,
BANKING,
15 Gadag
154
251 782645
16 .DODEXUDJL
17 Hassan 847802 768444
18 Haveri 204
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
Kodagu 152
20 Kolar 176 655566
21 Koppal 158 420848
22 0DQG\D 554511
0\VXUX
24 Raichur
226
25 Ramanagara
645661 467116
26 Shivamogga
27 Tumakuru
28 Udipi
Uttar Kannad 265 1227828
<DGJLU 226000
Total 9997 86892249 61385701
Source : RBI Qpr Sept 2018
OOOO
464
Chapter VII
TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATIONS
K arnataka is blessed with rich cultural heritage.
In the early Indian literary works of Kautilya
and others; and foreign accounts of Pliny, Ptolemy
were prominent. The oldest road in Kalaburagi
area is the road from Kalaburagi to Firozabad via
Kotnur, Nandikere, Shiruru and Parvatabad. The
and Alberuni there are reference to transport and road development activity in the Kodagu area was
conveyance system pertaining to Karnataka also. started actually after 1834, by the British. Some
Early settlements of pre-historic culture and the Ghat roads opened or improved in Dakshina
existence of Asokan Rock Edicts in different parts Kannada District during 1837-1843. Madras was
of Karnataka speak much about the socio-cultural connected with Mangaluru via Bengaluru, Mysuru
contacts that might have prevailed in those days. and Madikeri. The Mangaluru road which runs
Hala, the Shatavahana ruler of Kuntala, in his work through Madikeri and Sampaje Ghat was started in
Gatha Saptasathi, a poetic compilation, also refer to 1837. The road connecting Konkan and Malabar on
major and minor roads. Moreover existence of earlier the western coast was premitive and passed through
URDGV\VWHPDQGÁRXULVKLQJWUDGHFHQWUHVLQDQFLHQW Kundapur, Udupi, Mangaluru and Kasargod, which
Karnataka has been recorded in early inscriptions. A had series of rivers and streams to be crossed by
Copper Plate record (713 A.D.) of Ganga Shivamara ferries and boats. In early days, condition of roads
1st from Hallegere in Mandya taluk, refer not only to in Vijayapura district was not satisfactory. There
the construction of a bridge across the Kilini river, ZHUHRQO\WZRURDGVLQDQGWKHÀUVWRQHZDV
but also a “Rajapatha” (Highway) passing across the between Shikaripur and Sholapur via Vijayapura,
village. Likewise, according to a record of 1123 A.D., while the second one connecting sea coast with the
a major road was connecting Terdal and Halasi, Nizam’s territory through Bagalkot.
the two important commercial centres in North
The turn of 20th century saw the beginning of all-
Karnataka. A Chola inscription refers to a major
round development of road network throughout the
road running from Tanjore to Kalyana via., Basava
State. From 1930 onwards the roads under Bombay
Kalyana, the Chalukyan capital. Another Highway
3UHVLGHQF\ZHUHFODVVLÀHGDV&ODVV,&ODVV,,$,,%
or Principal route was the one connecting Konkan
and Class-III depending on the importance of roads.
area with the interior Karnataka and a place on the
The Chiplun (Ratnagiri dist.)-Hyderabad Class
borders of Goa has that name even now.
I road was passing through Vijayapura district.
There were aravattiges (where drinking water was Another Class I road originating from Sholapur
provided), choultries and shady groves all along was connecting Vijayapura with Hubballi. The most
such roads. Ferries and boats were operating across important link in the northern circle of the Bombay
rivers and streams in between the land. Goods Presidency was Pune - Bengaluru road. In the days of
were transported on head load, kavadi or else on Commissioner Cubbon, he saw to it that Bengaluru,
the back of bullocks, asses or he-buffaloes. Carts the capital of Mysuru State was connected with all
were moving wherever roads existed. The remnants GLVWULFW KHDGTXDUWHUV DQG E\ WKH WLPH KH OHIW RIÀFH
of an old bridge that connected Hampi and Anegondi (1861), the State had 2,555 km. of new roads and
across the Tungabhadra River in earlier times can 309 bridges.
be seen in Hampi even now. Similar old bridges
During the pre-independence period, the old
can also be seen at Harihara, Srirangapattana,
Mysuru State had a very good road communication
Shivanasamudra, Bidanuru (Nagar), Ramanagara,
V\VWHP 5RDGV ZHUH FODVVLÀHG DV 6WDWH )XQG
Nanjanagud, Pune, Mangaluru and such other
Roads and District Fund Roads for the purpose
places.
of construction and maintenance. In contrast, till
Construction of systematic roads in the Bombay WKHUHZDVQRV\VWHPDWLFFODVVLÀFDWLRQRIURDGV
Karnataka area was started only after 1856. Among in other parts of the country. Later, according to the
them, Belagavi-Hubballi road on the Pune-Harihara 1DJSXU3ODQLQ WKHURDGVZHUHFODVVLÀHGLQWR465
route, and Dharwad-Mundgod-Sirsi-Kumta roads National Highways, State Highways, Major District
Other District Roads 5,951
Village Roads 2,373
TDB Roads 19,222
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
Forest Department Roads 1,783
Total 43,182
Source : Statistical Abstract of Mysuru 1960-61 Bureau of
Economics & Statistics, Government of Mysuru 1963.
The total road length in 1981 was 98,523 km.
and an account of implementation of several
road schemes; it was increased to 1,21,266 km.
in 1992. The roads which were in charge of PWD
increased from 32,177 km. in 1956 to 64,628 km.
in 1981. The quality of the roads maintained by the
Bullack Cart Transporation (an art work by N.Hanumaiah) PWD was also improved. The cement concreted/
Roads, Other District Roads and Village Roads. asphalted road surface which stood at 3,858 km.
In 1951, the road length in Dakshina Kannada in 1956 increased to 26,022 km. in 1979 and
and Udupi districts was about 2,000 km. at the was 36,229 during 1992. The length of cement
time of the merger of Ballari with the Old Mysuru concrete roads has decreased substantially due
State in 1953, the length of the roads was 1,218 to its recoating with black topped surface. Un-
km. and in 1956, the integrated State had 43,182 metalled roads controlled by PWD in 1956 was
km. road length, of which 26,423 km. was from 2,343 km. when compared to 8,935 km. in 1966
old Mysuru and the share of Bombay - Karnataka and during 1992 it was 11,089 km. In addition,
and Hyderabad-Karnataka region was 11,260 and 11,089 km. roads have been transferred from the
2,478 km. respectively. The districts of Dakshina control of PWD to the Zilla Parishads (1-4-1987).
Kannada (including Udupi district) and Kodagu
then had a road length of 2,109 and 912 km., The Government has re-transferred 10,000 km.
respectively. road length from the control of Zilla Parishads to
the PWD on 18th February 1992. The aim was to
Development of Roads improve them at the rate of 50 km. per Assembly
In 1956, the road length including that of the Constituency. Besides, they are being upgraded
integrated areas in the State was 43,182 km. The into major district roads. For the development of
road development in Bidar, Kalaburagi, Ballari, Kalaburagi division (Kalaburagi, Ballari, Bidar,
Raichur and Koppal was very poor. After the Raichur and Koppal District), roads and bridges
XQLÀFDWLRQLQ WKHURDGOHQJWKLQWKH6WDWH are being constructed. During 1990-91 and
gradually went on increasing. As a result, it 1991-92, a sum of Rs.61.60 lakhs was spent
increased to 55,369 km. by 1966 and to 79,947
on roads and bridges. In 1990, a scheme for the
km. by 1974. Special attention was paid to the
improvement of roads was launched. Under this
development of roads in those areas during various
programme, a sum of Rs.12 lakhs was spent on
Five Year Plans. From 1956 to 1978, about 6,059
road works in each Assembly constituency. An
km. new road length was added and 21,854 km.
amount of Rs.867.08 lakhs was spent in 1990-91
existing roads were improved. During the same
and in 1991-92, it rose to 1,694.39 lakhs.
period, 16,344 km. road length was asphalted.
For providing accessibility to the villages, about The total road length in the State by 1998 was
30,543 km. rural roads were formed and 460 1,42,687 km. comprising 2,335 km. of National
bridges were constructed. Total road length, at the Highways, 11,037 km. of State Highways, 28,301
time of the reorganization of Mysuru State(1956). km. of Major District Roads, 1,644 km. of Other
District Roads, 42,791 km. Village Roads, 31,583
Category of Road Length (kms) km. of TDB Roads, 9,417 km. of Irrigation Dept.
National Highways 864 Roads and 2,582 km. of Forest Dept. Roads
State Highways 5,983 excluding 8,366 km. of Municipality Roads and
466 Major District Roads 4,665 km. of Grama panchayati Roads. Among
7,006
them, 97,392 km. were surfaced, and others were
unsurfaced Roads. The average road length per
One lakh population is 288 km. and the average
road length per sq.km. respectively. During the
COMMUNICATIONS
TRANSPORT AND
8th plan (1992-97), a sum of Rs.42,717.24 lakhs
were spent on laying and improving of 8,537
km., asphalting 3,321 km. of roads and building
in a sum of Rs.953 crores has been provided for
construction improvement and maintenance of
roads and bridges in the state.
As on December 2004, the total road length in
the State was 1,44,130 km. comprising 3,973
km. of National Highways, 17,252 km. State
Highways, 30,647 km. Major District Roads, State Highway
1620 km. of Other District Roads, 48,148 km. Further, the road lengths per 100 Sq.km.in
of Village Roads and 42,490 km. of Other roads Chamarajanagar, Raichur, Bidar, Chikkaballapur,
with an average of 246 km. Road length per one Vijayapura, D.Kannada, Yadgir, Chikkamagaluru,
lakh population and an average road length of Kodagu, Chitradurga, U.Kannada, Ballari,
70 km. per 100 Sq.km. area. As on March 2006, Shivamogga, Kolar, Koppal and Udupi districts
the total road length in the state had gone upto are below State average. Since 2011-12 there is
1,67,779 km. (comprising of 52,205 km.s PWD no increase in the length of National Highways,
roads and 1,15,574 km. of Rural roads) while State Highways and Major District Roads. As on
3973 km. of National Highways, 17,240 km. of March 2012, the country had 71,772 km. National
State Highways and 30,992 km. of Major District Highways/Express ways, 1,54,522 km. State
Roads is controlled by the PWD. The remaining Highways, 2,66,058 km. Major District Roads,
1,15,574 km. roads considered as rural roads are 36,17,240 km. Other District Roads and Rural
being maintained by the Rural Development and Roads. As against to it, the following table reveal
Panchayat Raj Department. The latter, include the Road Statistics of Karnataka during 2011 and
Other District Roads and Village Roads. Among 2013.
the Rural Roads while 57,068 km. is surfaced,
the remaining 58,506 km. roads is of unsurfaced Type of Road 2011 -12 2012-13
nature.
National Highways 4490 4490
As on 2008 March, the total road length in the
State Highways 20770 20770
State had enhanced to 2,07,379 km. (comprising of
62,654 km. maintained by PWD and 1,44,725 km. Major District Roads 49959 49959
of rural roads) maintained by Rural Development
Municipal Roads 8366 8366
Panchayat Raj Department. The State’s road
network consists of National Highways (NH), Other Roads 148412 148412
State Highways (SH), Major District Roads (MDR),
Municipal roads and other roads including village All Roads 231997 231997
connectivity roads. The road development works
in the State is carried out by multiple agencies, As on 2014 March, the state had a total 75,171
which include Public Works Department (PWD) of km. with 4,668 km. National Highways, 20,577
the State Government, Local Governments such km. State Highways and 49,906 km. Major
as Zilla Panchayat and its wings and in urban District Roads. It comprised 69,813 km. Cement
areas, the City Corporations, City Municipal and Black top roads, 3,552 km. Macdam roads
Corporations (CMC) etc. In the State, the average and 1,806 km. Kaccha roads.
length of the PWD roads (viz.,NH, SH & MDR) per
All the National Highways and large extent of
100 sq.km area is 39.34 kms.
State Highways (98.7 per cent) and 90 per cent of
Among the districts, Mandya district has the Major District Roads are covered with blacktop.
highest road length of 70.36 km. and Kalaburagi The carriage width details of the roads show that
467
district has the lowest length of 24.58 km. about 19 per cent of National Highways, 1 per
cent of State Highways and 2 per cent of Major City Municipal Corporations (CMC) etc. the roads
District Roads have Four lane width. Similarly, 67 are maintained by the respective agencies.
per cent of NH, 16 per cent of SH and 1 per cent
In the State, the average length of the PWD roads
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
of MDRs have two lane width.
(viz; NH, SH & MDR) per 100 sq. km. area is 40.07
Roads kms. Among the districts, Mandya district has the
The State’s road network consists of National highest road length of 69.34 kms. and Kalaburagi
Highways (NH), State Highways (SH), Major District district has the lowest road length of 26.02 kms
Roads (MDR), Municipal roads and other roads per 100 Sq. km. Further, the road length per
including village connectivity roads. The road 100 sq km in Chamarajanagar, Raichur, Bidar,
development works in the State are carried out Chikkaballapur, Vijayapura, D.Kannada, Yadgir,
by multiple agencies, which include Public Works Chikkamagaluru, Chitradurga, Uttara Kannada,
Department (PWD) of the State Government, local Ballari, Bagalkot, Kodagu and Udupi districts are
governments such as Zilla Panchayat and its below the State average. The details of road length
wings & in urban areas, the City Corporations, in the state are given in Table 7.1.
Table 7.1 The Road length in Karnataka
(in kms)
Year
Category of Road
2016-17 2017-18
National Highways 6572 6572*
State Highways 19578 19578*
Major District Roads 49909 49909*
Municipal Roads and Other Roads 40108.71 (as on March-2017)** 40108.71 (as on March-2017)**
Rural Roads 177542 190862***
All Roads 293709.71 307029.71
Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19.
(In 2015-16, Government of India has agreed in blacktop and 94.5 per cent of Major District Roads
principle for the up-gradation of 3,800 km length are covered with blacktop. The carriage way width
of State Highways as new National Highways details of the roads showed that about 18 per
and up-gradation of 2,266 km. length of State cent of National Highways and 1 per cent of State
Highways as new National Highways during 2016- Highways have four lane widths. Similarly, 62 per
)LQDOQRWLÀFDWLRQLVDZDLWHG cent of NH, 19 per cent of SH and 1.5 per cent of
MDRs have two lane width. Highlights the Roads
All the National Highways and a large extent of in Karnataka from 2000-2001 to 2017-2018 are
State Highways (99.88 per cent) are covered with indicated in Table 7.2.
Table 7.2 Road Length in Karnataka
(in Kms)
Other District Roads
National State Major District Municipal All Roads
Year including Village
Highways Highways Roads Roads (2 to 6)
Roads
2000-01 3728 9829 28247 - 104034 145838
2001-02 3728 9829 28247 - 104034 145838
2002-03 3728 9829 28247 - 104034 145838
2003-04 3967 9590 28247 - 94034 135838
2004-05 3973 17228 30760 - 115574 167535
468 2005-06 3958 17405 32572 - 146713 200648
2006-07 3958 18642 37671 - 147212$ 207483
2007-08 3958 20739 47763 - 147212$ 219672
COMMUNICATIONS
TRANSPORT AND
2008-09 3982 20905 47836 - 147212$ 219935
2009-10 4490 20528 50436 - 147212$ 222666
2010-11 4490 20528 50436 - 147212$ 222666
2011-12 4490 20770 49959 - 148412$ 223631
2012-13 4490 20770 49959 - 148412$ 223631
2013-14 4688 20773 49683 - 155545$ 230689
2014-15 6572 19720 49928 - 155545$ 231765
2015-16 6572 19578 49909 - 177542$ 253601
2016-17 6572 19578 49909 40108.71 * 177542$ 293709.71
2017-18 6572 19578 49909 40108.71 * 190862$ 307029.71
Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19.
National Highways : The National Highways The Kozhikode-Kollegal section passing through
are very important highways which connect Sultan Batheri, Gundlupet, Nanjangud, Mysuru,
Metropolitan cities, State capitals, Ports etc. T.Narasipur, Mugur, Uttamballi and the road
throughout the country. The length of the National between Bengaluru-Dindigal via Kanakapura,
Highways in 1961 was 1,269 km. and in 1981 it Halagur, Malavalli, Sattegal, Kollegal, Yelandur,
was about 1,968 km. They were under the control Santhemarahalli and Chamrajanagar in the
of the Central Government previously. Since, State were declared as NH-209 and NH-212
1971, the National highways are maintained respectively on June-July 1999 and the work is in
by a separate wing of the State PWD, out of the progress. The Government of India has declared
Central funds. As in 1992-93, there were seven the 193 km. of Vijayapura-Hubballi road as the
National Highways traversing in the State, with 13th National Highway in the State (NH-218) in
a total length of 1,997 km. National Highways October 2000. As a result, as on 2000 March,
are maintained and developed by respective there were 13 National Highways traversing in
zones with funds from Government of Karnataka, the State totaling about 3,524 km. The second
National Highway Authority of India and Ministry phase of Hubballi-Dharwad by pass on Build-
of Road Transport & Highways, Government of Operate-Transfer (BOT) basis has been completed
India. DQG FRPPLVVLRQHG IRU WUDIÀF 8QGHU WKH $VLDQ
Development Loan Assistance, a length of 25 km.
The National Highways, the majority 2 lane
of the NH-7 has been taken up for converting it into
(one in each direction), constitute a total of
four lanes (from Bengaluru to Tamilnadu border
about 65,000 km. (40,000 miles), out of which
near Hosur). In February 2004, NH-218 has been
5,840 km. (3,630 miles) is to be converted into
further extended from Vijayapura upto Humnabad
“Swarna Chathuspatha” or Golden Quadrilateral,
(220 kms.) via Jevargi in Kalaburagi district. As a
a project commenced by the NDA Government led
UHVXOW.DODEXUDJLGLVWULFWDOVRÀJXUHVLQWKHPDS
by Mr.Atal Bihari Vajpayee of which 4,885 km.
of National Highways. Likewise the road linking
(3,035 miles) are median-separated express
Gundlupet with NH-212 has also been declared
highways. In some more developed areas it may as NH-15 in February 2004. As a result as on 31-
broaden to 4 lanes. Closer to big cities, highways 03-2008, there were 15 National Highways (viz.,
can even be of 8 lanes. Highways in India are N.H.-4, N.H-4A, N.H-44, N.H-9, N.H-13, N.H-17,
around 2 per cent of the total road network in the N.H-48, N.H-63, N.H-67, N.H-206, N.H-207, N.H-
country, but carries nearly 40 per cent of the total 209, N.H-212, N.H-218 and N.H-234 passing
URDGWUDIÀF7KH1DWLRQDO+LJKZD\V $PHQGPHQW through the State with a road length of 4,490.71
Bill, 1995, provides for private investment in the km. excluding the districts of Kodagu and Raichur
building and maintenance of these arteries of which are deprived of National Highways. All other 469
India.
districts have National Highways passing through At the end of March 2014, there were 15 National
their Jurisdictions, Uttar kannada district with Highways traversing 4,490.71km. of road in the
331 km. of NH, tops the list, Mandya and Gadag state. Among them, National highway No.4 (at
KARNATAKA
present 44), 63,206 and 209 have 864.21 km. of
HAND BOOK OF
districts with 73 km. and 74 km. are at the bottom.
four lane road, National highway No.4A, 9,13, 17,
National Highway No.7 has been declared as NH-
48, 63, 67, 206, 207, 209, 212, 218 and 234 have
44 and it is the longest NH, which connect Varanasi
2,955.34 km. of two lane road. The longest National
(U.P) from Northern India to Kanyakumari (T.N) of
Highway in the country is the NH7 which is run
South India traversing 2,369 km. passing through
from Varanasi to Kanyakumari passing through
six states (U.P, M.P, Maharastra, A.P, Karnataka
Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharastra,
and T.N) with 134 km. in the State, of which
Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Tamilnadu,
98 km. of road between Bengaluru-Krishnagiri
covering a distance of 4,572 km (2,841 miles), as
coming under the Golden Quadrilateral highway
of Sep 2011 as per National Highways Authority
project.
of India. The shortest National Highway is the NH
The Golden Quadrilateral (GQ; 5,846 km) 47A (5.9 km (3.7mile), which connects Kundanoor
connecting the four major cities of Delhi, Mumbai, Junction of maradu in Kochi city to the Kochi port
Chennai and Kolkata. This project connecting four at Willingdon Island. India has the distinction
metro cities, would be 5,846 km. (3,633 miles). of having the world’s highest drivable highway
Total cost of the project is Rs.300 billion (US $ 6.8 connecting Manali to Leh in Ladakh, Kashmir.
billion), funded largely by the government’s special The union department of road transport and
petroleum product tax revenues and government highways has given its nod for the up-gradation
borrowing. of seven state highways in Karnataka with a total
The North-South, and East-West Corridors, length of 2,108 km. into national highways. It
comprising National Highways connecting the is learnt that about Rs.25,000 crore would be
four destination points in the four directions of invested for up gradation, land acquisition, and
the country viz., connecting Srinagar in the north construction of the above highways in the coming
to Kanyakumari in the south, including spur years. The roads to be converted into national
from Salem to Kanyakumari (Via Coimbatore and highways are SH 50 with a length of 680 km, which
Kochi) and Silchar in the east to Porbandar in the connects SH 161 to NH 48 from Bidar, Humnabad,
west. The total length of the network is 7,300 km Kalaburagi, Hospet and Laxmisagar, SH 150A
(4,500 miles). It also includes Port connectivity from SH 50 at Jewargi to Chamarajanagar via
and other projects viz., 1,157 km (719 miles). The Srirangapatna, Mysuru and Nanjangud (638
ÀQDO GDWH IRU LWV FRPSOHWLRQ ZDV )HEUXDU\ km), SH 206 which connects Tumakuru and
2009 at an estimated cost of Rs.350 billion (US $. Shivamogga via Arasikere (203 km), SH 173 from
8 billion). Moodigere to Chikkamagalur and Kadur (72 km),
SH 275 from Bantwal to Bengaluru via Mysuru
In January 2012, India announced the four (367 km), SH 367 from Kukanur to Gadanakeri
lane Golden Quadrilateral highway network as via Bagalkot (156 km), SH 150 E from Kalaburagi
completed. As of April 2012, 84.26 per cent of the to Akkalkot in Maharashtra via Afzalpur (104
project had been completed and 15.7 per cent of km.), SH 169 from Thirthahalli to Udupi via
the project work is currently at progress. Agumbe. For more details see Table 7.3 and 7.4.
Table 7.3 Details of Length and lane width of National Highways in Karnataka as on 31.03.2012
Carriage way Width
Sl. NH Length km
Nomenclature Single Intermediate Two
No No. in the State Four Lane
Lane Lane Lane
Madras - Kolar - Bengaluru - Hubballi - Belagavi - Pune -
1 4 699.59 0 0 0 699.59
Bombay
2 4A Belagavi - Khanapur - Anmod - Panaji 84.12 0 0 84.12 0
Benaras - Nagapur - Hyderabad - Kurnool - Bagepalli -
3 7/44 134.00 0 0 0 134.00
Bengaluru-Hosur - Krishnagiri - Madurai - Cape Camorin*
4 9 Pune - Sholapur - Humnabad - Hyderabad - Vijayawada 75.01 0 0 75.01 0
470 5 13
Sholapur - Chitradurga -Channagiri - Shivamogga -
714.66 21.30 204.70 488.66 0
Thirthahalli - Sringeri - Karkala - Mangaluru
Panavel - Panjim - Karwar - Coondapur - Udupi - Mangaluru
6 17 300.10 0 0 300.10 0
-Cannanore - Trichur
Bengaluru-Nelamangala-Kunigal-Hassan-Sakaleshpur-
COMMUNICATIONS
7 48 319.50 0 0 319.50 0
TRANSPORT AND
Mangaluru
8 63 Ankola - Hubballi - Hospet - Ballari - Ooty 368.60 0 0 362.20 6.40
9 67 Mettupalayam - Ooty - Gudalur - Gundlupet (On NH-212) 26.10 0 15.84 10.26 0
10 206 Tumakuru - Shivamogga - Honnavar 370.63 14.00 44.00 292.43 20.20
Hosur (On NH-7)-Sarjapur - Devenahalli - Doddaballapur -
11 207 122.38 0 0 122.38 0
Dabaspet (On NH-4)
Dindigal-Pollachi-Coimbatore-Annur- Satlyamangalam-
12 209 203.52 0 30.20 169.30 4.02
Chamarajanagar- Kollegal-Bengaluru
The Highway starting from its junction NH-17 near
13 212 Kozhikode in Kerala connecting Mysuru and terminating at 151.00 0 37.00 114.00 0
its junction with NH-209 near Kollegal in Karnataka
14 218 Humnabad-Jevargi-Vijayapura-Hubballi 412.00 0 3.00 409.00 0
15 234 Mangaluru – Thiruvanamalli section 509.50 18 245.08 246.42 0
* National Highway 7 has been declared recently as National Highway 44.
Table 7.4 Length and Lane width of National Highways in Karnataka as on 31.03.2016
Carriage way Width
Sl. NH Length
Nomenclature
No No. in km Single
Intermediate Lane Two Lane Four Lane
Lane
4
1 Madras - Kolar - Bengaluru - Hubballi - Belagavi - Pune-Bombay 699.59 0 0 0 699.59
(MKB)
2 4A Belagavi - Khanapur - Anmod - Panaji 84.12 0 0 84.12 0
Benaras - Nagapur - Hyderabad - Kurnool - Bagepalli - Bengaluru -
3 7 134.01 0 0 0 134.01
Hosur - Krishnagiri - Madurai - Cape Camorin
4 9 Poona - Sholapur - Humnabad - Hyderabad - Vijayawada 75.01 0 0 75.01 0
Sholapur - Chitradurga - Channagiri - Shivamogga - Thirthahalli-
5 13 714.66 21.30 204.70 488.66 0
Sringeri - Karkala - Mangaluru
Panavel - Panjim - Karwar - Coondapur - Udupi - Mangaluru-
6 17 300.10 0 0 300.10 0
Cannanore - Trichur
Bengaluru - Nelamangala - Kunigal - Hassan - Sakaleshpur-
7 48 319.50 0 0 162.50 157.00
Mangaluru
8 50 Karnataka - Maharashtra border Lakshmisagar 260.81 0 260.81 0 0
9 63 Ankola - Hubballi - Hosapete - Ballari - Ooty 368.60 0 0 362.20 6.40
10 67 Mettupalayam - Ooty - Gudalur - Gundlupet (On NH-212) 26.10 0 15.84 10.26 0
11 150 Kalburagi - Wadi - Yadgir - Krishna (AP) 125.30 0 125.30 0 0
12 150A Jevargi - Chamarajanagara 618.62 0 0 618.62 0
13 150E Kalaburagi - Akkalakota road 74.00 0 74.00 0 0
Hagari - Alur - Adoni - Mantralayam Raichur - Mehaboobnagar-
14 167 74.00 0 0 74.00 0
Jadacharla
15 169A Thirthahalli - Udupi road 87.60 0 0 87.60 0
16 173 Mudigere - Kadur road 72.10 0 0 72.10 0
17 206 Tumakuru - Shivamogga - Honnavar 370.63 14.00 44.00 292.43 20.20
Hosur (On NH-7) - Sarjapur - Devenahalli - Doddaballapur -
18 207 121.30 0 0 121.30 0.00
Dabaspet (On NH-4)
Dindigal - Pollachi - Coimbatore - Honnur - Satlyamangalam-
19 209
Chamarajanagar - Kollegal - Bengaluru
203.52 0 30.20 169.30 4.02 471
20 212 Kallikote - Mysuru - Kollegal 151.00 0 37.00 114.00 0
21 218 Humnabad - Jevargi - Vijayapura - Hubballi 412.00 0 0 412.00 0
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
22 234 Mangaluru - Thiruvanamalli section 509.50 18.00 245.08 246.42 0
23 275 Bantwal - Bengaluru road 367.46 0 0 242.46 125.00
24 367 Khanapura - Gaddanakere road 156.62 0 0 156.62 0
25 766C Byndur - Ranebennur road 246.00 0 246.00 0 0
Total 6572.15 53.30 1282.93 4089.70 1146.22
Source : Public Works, Ports & Inland Water Transport Department, March 2016.
State Highways: They are important joining links connecting the district headquarters with the state
capital and interconnecting links between the National Highways in the state. As on March 2005 there
were altogether 105 State Highways running in the state having 17,240 km. road length. As on March
2008, it has raised to 20,769.78 km. with 156 state highways in the state. While, Belagavi district with
2341 km. tops the list, Bengaluru (Urban) district with 171 km. was at the bottom. The road widening
work on State Highway 17 (Mysuru-Bengaluru) and State Highway-19 (Srirangapattana-Bidar) has
DOVREURXJKWWKHH[SHFWHGUHVXOWVZLWKIUHHWUDIÀFPRYHPHQW$VRQWKHQXPEHURIVWDWH
highways has increased to 157 and the total road length has gone up to 20,748.75, km. controlled by
the PWD department. It is given in the succeeding tables. Nomenclature of the state highways is given
at the end of the chapter. For more details see Table 7.5, 7.6 and 7.7.
Table 7.5 District wise details of Road length in Karnataka As on 31.03.2013.
(in kms)
Sl. Road Length (in Kms)
Name of the District Total Road Length
No NH SH MDR
1 Bengaluru (Urban) 147.00 96.70 686.69 930.39
2 Bengaluru (Rural) 205.00 193.60 650.60 1049.20
3 Ramanagara 73.00 315.53 1555.40 1943.93
4 Tumakuru 325.90 6631.25 3752.48 4709.63
5 Kolar 137.40 304.79 1081.05 1523.24
6 Chikkaballapur 148.00 263.88 928.04 1339.92
7 Mysuru 79.00 699.09 2497.60 3275.69
8 Chamarajanagar 190.00 339.26 995.21 1524.47
9 Mandya 73.00 484.36 2881.64 3439.00
10 Shivamogga 221.00 987.04 2006.48 3214.52
11 Chitradurga 167.00 612.64 2112.10 2891.74
12 Davanagere 85.00 731.55 1612.10 2428.65
13 Hassan 252.16 985.17 3131.35 4368.68
14 Chikkamagaluru 176.25 610.21 1632.82 2419.28
15 Dakshina Kannada 266.00 528.80 774.85 1569.65
16 Udupi 142.00 353.71 790.98 1286.69
17 Kodagu 0.00 537.97 855.20 1393.17
South Zone 2687.71 8675.55 27944.59 39307.85
472
18 Dharwad 189.00 484.41 1389.50 2062.91
COMMUNICATIONS
19 Gadag 74.00 709.52 1187.84 1971.36
TRANSPORT AND
20 Haveri 103.00 587.21 1843.67 2533.88
21 Uttara Kannada 331.00 1238.71 2060.21 3629.92
22 Belagavi 201.00 2341.75 3040.62 5583.37
23 Bagalkot 126.00 879.01 1608.35 2613.36
24 Vijayapura 267.00 685.32 2440.91 3393.23
25 Ballar 181.00 1017.26 1804.54 3002.80
26 Raichur 0.00 1006.12 1506.81 2512.93
27 Koppal 124.00 709.02 1503.65 2336.67
28 Kalaburagi 125.00 1235.71 1400.95 2761.66
29 Yadgir 0.00 486.06 1275.87 1761.93
30 Bidar 82.00 693.10 877.08 1652.18
North Zone 1803.00 12073.20 21940.00 35816.20
State Total 4490.71 20748.75 49884.59 75124.05
Source : PWD Department.
Table 7.6 District wise Details of Road length in Karnataka (As on 31.03.2016)
(in km)
Sl.
Name of the District National Highways State Highways Major District Roads Total
No
1 Bengaluru (Urban) 147.00 116.70 722.59 986.29
2 Bengaluru (Rural) 205.00 212.60 669.10 1086.70
3 Ramanagara 93.00 273.57 1551.10 1917.67
4 Tumakuru 390.45 687.38 3785.75 4863.58
5 Kolar 137.40 305.52 1221.71 1664.63
6 Chikkaballapur 148.00 263.88 985.84 1397.72
7 Mysuru 237.63 591.68 2603.09 3432.40
8 Chamarajanagar 201.24 314.36 989.56 1505.16
9 Mandya 206.21 352.71 2863.27 3422.19
10 Hassan 252.16 996.03 3131.35 4379.54
11 Chikkamagaluru 267.61 535.71 1632.82 2436.14
12 Dakshina Kannada 310.40 455.80 775.15 1541.35
13 Udupi 218.40 260.31 790.08 1268.79
14 Kodagu 62.19 476.31 846.50 1385.00
South Zone Total 2876.69 5842.56 22567.91 31287.16
15 Dharwad 191.90 484.41 1388.49 2064.80
16 Haveri 157.90 548.19 1838.64 2544.73
17 Gadag 103.57 683.42 1179.19 1966.18
473
18 Uttara Kannada 359.32 1235.71 2038.56 3633.59
19 Shivamogga 398.10 838.21 2106.93 3343.24
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
20 Chitradurga 286.70 439.66 2095.92 2822.28
21 Davanagere 187.42 729.19 1604.90 2521.51
22 Belagavi 201.00 2351.79 3045.97 5598.76
23 Vijayapura 297.07 732.82 2402.51 3432.40
24 Bagalkot 166.91 814.56 1586.21 2567.68
North Zone Total 2349.89 8857.96 19287.32 30495.17
25 Ballari 394.73 929.92 1805.59 3130.24
26 Raichur 163.00 850.52 1506.81 2520.33
27 Koppal 162.69 673.18 1445.27 2281.14
28 Kalaburagi 279.14 1370.66 1213.57 2863.37
29 Yadgir 136.20 455.73 1205.83 1797.76
30 Bidar 209.81 597.62 877.08 1684.51
North East Zone Total 1345.57 4877.63 8054.15 14277.35
State Total 6572.15 19578.15 49909.38 76059.68
Source : Public Works, Ports & Inland Water Transport Department, March 2016.
Table 7.7 State Highways, District wise : Surface Feature and Carriage way Width
(As on 31.03.2016)
(In kms)
Type of Surface Carriageway width
Sl. Name of the Total
No District Length Un
C.C. B.T. W.B.M. S.L. I.L D.L. F.L.
Surfaced
1 Bengaluru (Urban) 116.70 0.15 116.55 0 0 2.50 15.10 93.90 5.20
2 Bengaluru (Rural) 212.60 0.62 211.98 0 0 0 77.18 135.42 0.00
3 Ramanagara 273.57 0.24 273.33 0 0 7.00 142.24 124.33 0
4 Tumakuru 687.38 3.99 683.39 0 0 228.74 290.03 168.61 0
5 Kolar 305.52 0.95 301.07 3.50 0 24.25 224.88 44.00 12.39
6 Chikkaballapur 263.88 0.30 263.58 0 0 99.71 110.87 50.00 3.30
7 Mysuru 591.68 0.30 587.16 4.22 0 164.16 201.07 221.42 5.03
8 Chamarajanagar 314.36 0.20 314.16 0 0 78.03 216.16 18.52 1.65
9 Mandya 352.71 0 350.66 2.05 0 36.66 154.10 155.69 6.26
10 Hassan 996.03 24.38 971.65 0 0 101.20 518.57 354.88 21.38
11 Chikkamagaluru 535.71 6.27 529.44 0 0 120.45 404.84 10.42 0
12 Dakshina Kannada 455.80 0.85 454.95 0 0 11.76 428.97 15.07 0
13 Udupi 260.31 2.83 257.48 0 0 13.49 204.35 42.07 0.40
14 Kodagu 476.31 5.18 471.13 0 0 80.49 345.95 49.87 0
South Zone Total 5842.56 46.26 5786.53 9.77 0 968.44 3334.31 1484.20 55.61
474 15 Dharwad 484.41 3.16 465.83 0 15.42 104.75 303.52 76.14 0
16 Haveri 548.19 2.35 545.84 0 0 107.79 349.86 85.51 5.03
17 Gadag 683.42 0.80 680.12 0 2.50 167.90 406.46 103.16 5.90
COMMUNICATIONS
TRANSPORT AND
18 Uttara Kannada 1235.71 12.51 1200.20 19.80 3.20 454.99 744.80 35.92 0
19 Shivamogga 838.21 11.99 824.02 2.20 0 161.24 523.23 133.73 20.01
20 Chitradurga 439.66 0.30 439.36 0 0 77.31 329.70 32.65 0
21 Davanagere 729.19 13.88 715.31 0 0 64.18 532.78 108.08 24.15
22 Belagavi 2351.79 0.60 2348.43 0.80 1.96 849.32 1098.61 395.65 8.21
23 Vijayapura 732.82 2.86 729.96 0 0 189.74 414.35 128.08 0.65
24 Bagalkot 814.56 2.28 811.09 0 1.19 254.52 334.87 217.18 7.99
North Zone Total 8857.96 50.73 8760.16 22.80 24.27 2431.74 5038.18 1316.10 71.94
25 Ballari 929.92 68.58 834.89 26.45 0 203.78 579.19 126.68 20.27
26 Raichur 850.52 2.28 823.49 24.75 0 312.53 152.80 371.44 13.75
27 Koppal 673.18 1.66 671.52 0 0 223.45 329.79 113.32 6.62
28 Kalaburagi 1370.66 8.56 1362.10 0 0 661.86 461.39 240.70 6.71
29 Yadgir 455.73 0.20 448.58 6.95 0 182.17 188.66 82.90 2.00
30 Bidar 597.62 0.80 596.82 0 0 228.29 323.86 14.87 30.60
North East Zone Total 4877.63 82.08 4737.40 58.15 0 1812.08 2035.69 949.91 79.95
State Total 19578.15 179.07 19284.09 90.72 24.27 5212.26 10408.18 3750.21 207.50
Source : Public Works, Ports & Inland Water Transport Department, March 2016.
Major District Roads: As on March 2008, there was 49,958.93 km. roads of this category in the
6WDWHPDLQWDLQHGE\WKH3:'7XPDNXUXGLVWULFWZLWKNPZDVUDQNHGÀUVW%HQJDOXUXGLVWULFW
(Urban) with 656.05 km. was at the bottom. Apart from this, there were 8,366 km. of Municipal roads
in city/town limits maintained by corporations, city Municipal corporations etc., As on march 2013,
49,884.59 km. MDR roads existed in the State. For more details see Table 7.8.
Table 7.8 Major District Roads, District wise : Surface Feature and Carriage way Width
(As on 31.03.2016)
(in kms)
Type of Surface Carriage way width
Sl. Name of the Dis- Total
No trict Length Un Intermediate Double Four
C.C. B.T. W.B.M. Single Lane
Surfaced Lane Lane Lanes
1 Bengaluru (Urban) 722.3 8.16 704.43 10.00 0 314.94 232.34 161.96 13.35
2 Bengaluru (Rural) 669.10 1.73 667.37 0 0 401.50 245.30 19.30 3.00
3 Ramanagara 1551.10 11.38 1473.36 66.36 0 1193.40 310.58 45.20 1.92
4 Tumakuru 3785.75 35.47 3498.82 147.06 104.40 3071.76 658.65 52.87 2.47
5 Kolar 1221.71 5.27 1216.44 0 0 911.59 283.00 11.31 15.81
6 Chikkaballapur 985.84 2.46 964.25 3.30 15.83 689.37 263.77 26.40 6.30
7 Mysuru 2603.09 5.28 2305.16 272.85 19.80 2264.42 283.77 50.20 4.70
8 Chamarajanagar 989.56 0 912.41 77.15 0 741.47 245.594 2.50 0
9 Mandya 2863.27 3.35 2571.09 288.83 0 2022.95 762.57 69.69 8.06
10 Hassan 3131.35 25.98 2877.15 76.52 151.70 2893.00 166.93 60.55 10.87
11 Chikkamagaluru 1632.82 8.85 1498.72 70.55 54.70 1398.05 228.02 6.75 0
12 Dakshina Kannada 775.15 11.91 762.39 0.85 0 350.18 419.22 3.20 2.55
475
13 Udupi 790.08 27.70 762.18 0.20 0 423.73 360.55 5.80 0
14 Kodagu 846.50 7.18 814.92 2.00 22.40 629.20 213.80 3.50 0
KARNATAKA
South Zone Total 22567.91 154.72 21028.69 1015.67 368.83 17305.56 4674.09 519.23 69.03
HAND BOOK OF
15 Dharwad 1388.49 16.52 1182.21 31.52 158.24 1184.12 191.82 7.55 5.00
16 Haveri 1838.64 29.67 1774.89 30.36 3.72 1434.43 375.64 24.66 3.91
17 Gadag 1179.19 5.65 1122.84 0 50.70 1061.70 108.19 7.50 1.80
18 Uttara Kannada 2038.56 16.87 1759.77 50.77 211.15 1904.81 131.75 2.00 0
19 Shivamogga 2106.93 9.00 2055.17 22.25 20.51 1811.14 281.59 3.80 10.40
20 Chitradurga 2095.92 4.08 1931.60 33.84 126.40 1850.33 221.58 24.01 0
21 Davanagere 1604.90 42.74 1452.42 64.33 45.41 1322.47 264.23 12.00 6.20
22 Belagavi 3045.97 0.84 3031.03 6.90 7.20 2429.61 565.98 41.38 9.00
23 Vijayapura 2402.51 3.55 2254.53 135.13 9.30 2140.74 252.86 8.91 0
24 Bagalkot 1586.21 11.35 1528.57 16.00 30.29 1172.68 395.07 18.46 0
North Zone Total 19287.32 140.27 18093.03 391.10 662.92 16312.03 2788.71 150.27 36.31
25 Ballari 1805.59 43.82 1683.72 64.40 13.65 1398.37 348.89 47.80 10.53
26 Raichur 1506.81 10.78 1364.10 131.93 0 1303.65 189.12 12.94 1.10
27 Koppal 1445.27 8.36 1392.81 44.10 0 1110.14 323.39 10.84 0.90
28 Kalaburagi 1213.57 12.10 1186.27 3.80 11.40 1076.21 121.61 13.15 2.60
29 Yadgir 1205.83 4.20 1175.63 26.00 0 1116.54 83.29 6.00 0
30 Bidar 877.08 8.76 861.92 6.40 0 628.28 238.50 6.30 4.00
North East Zone Total 8054.15 88.02 7664.45 276.63 25.05 6633.19 1304.80 97.03 19.13
State Total 49909.38 383.01 46786.17 1683.40 1056.80 40250.78 8767.60 766.53 124.47
Source : Public Works, Ports & Inland Water Transport Department, March 2016.
Other District Road: Excluding major district roads, other roads were considered as other District
Roads till 1984. Later these roads were joined with village roads and considered as Rural Roads under
the maintenance of Zilla Panchayat. For more details see Table 7.9.
Table 7.9 PWD Road Length As on 31-03-2017
Sl. PWD Road Length (in kms)
District
No
National Highway State Highway Major District Roads Major Bridges
1 Bengaluru 147.00 116.70 722.59 2
2 Bengaluru (Rural) 205.00 212.83 669.10 1
3 Ramanagara 93.00 273.57 1548.45 14
4 Chitradurga 286.70 448.33 2095.92 17
5 Davanagere 187.42 729.19 1603.90 8
6 Kolar 137.40 305.52 1205.98 1
7 Chikkaballapur 148.00 263.50 993.34 9
8 Shivamogga 398.10 838.21 2106.13 14
9 Tumakuru 390.45 687.38 3785.75 26
10 Chikkamagaluru 267.61 535.71 1632.82 8
11 Dakshina Kannada 310.40 455.80 775.15 23
12 Udupi 218.40 260.31 791.88 21
13 Hassan 252.16 996.03 3131.35 13
14 Kodagu 62.19 476.31 846.50 10
15 Mandya 206.21 351.26 2820.83 17
476 16 Mysuru 237.93 591.68 2603.09 21
17 Chamarajanagar 201.24 314.36 989.66 4
18 Belagavi 201.00 2351.79 3045.97 56
COMMUNICATIONS
TRANSPORT AND
19 Vijayapura 297.07 730.54 2402.51 40
20 Bagalkot 166.91 814.36 1586.21 29
21 Dharwad 191.90 484.41 1388.50 11
22 Gadag 103.57 683.42 1179.19 24
23 Haveri 157.90 549.91 1848.28 14
24 Uttara Kannada 359.32 1235.71 2038.56 25
25 Ballari 394.73 929.92 1805.59 36
26 Bidar 209.81 597.62 877.08 19
27 Kalaburagi 279.14 1370.66 1213.57 28
28 Yadgir 136.20 455.73 1205.83 14
29 Raichur 163.00 850.52 1506.81 37
30 Koppal 162.69 673.18 1445.27 20
State 6572.45 19584.46 49865.81 562
Source : Karnataka At Glance 2016-17.
Rural Roads: The total length of rural roads in the State is 1,04,034 kms. Out of this 23,511kms. is
asphalted. Roads with macadam surface, less than about 40,000 km. is considered as all-weather roads.
Improvement of Roads and their maintenance is the responsibility of the Zilla Panchayats since 1987.
The technical supervision is the responsibility of Rural Development and Panchayat Raj Department.
Improvement of Roads and their maintenance is being done through the district sector Roads and
Bridges schemes, Employment generation schemes and Pradhan Manthri Gram Sadak Yojana etc.,
Accordingly, at the end of March 2011, among the total 1,47,212 km. of Rural roads, there were
45,166 km. of metalled road, 25,032 km. macadam roads (roads formed by using two quantity of jelly,
were called macadam roads-named after John Lowdan Makdum (1756-1836) of Scotland, who formed
roads in 1820 using this method) and 77,104 km. of kutcha roads. The Rural roads are developed and
maintained under Prime Minister’s Grama Sadak, NABARD, Chief Minister’s Rural Road Development
Rural Communication, Our village-Our Road and such other programmes. Roads maintained by Taluk
Development Board, Irrigation, Forest, Corporation, City Municipality, Town Municipality and Town
Panchayat are in the State. For more details see Table 7.10.
Table 7.10 Rural Roads Length and Number of Habitations access to All Weather Roads
Rural Roads Length as on 31-03-2017 (in kms)
No. of Habitations access to all weather
roads (2016-17)
Sl. Panchayat Roads
District
No.
Water Bound No of Habitations access
Total No. Of
Pakka Macadam Kacha Total to all weather roads upto
Habitation
Road 31-03-2017
1 Bengaluru 1559.74 179.54 332.65 2071.93 1064 942
2 Bengaluru (Rural) 1394.88 357.73 907.54 2660.15 1301 1110
3 Ramanagara 1174.34 290.26 1078.72 2543.32 2167 1028
4 Chitradurga 1606.89 860.3 6438.56 8905.75 1652 1200
5 Davanagere 1622.07 1313.97 2874.59 5810.63 1001 852
6 Kolar 1647.98 491.23 1895.82 4035.03 1972 1271
7 Chikkaballapur 1798.58 537.02 2021.36 4356.96 1939 1008
8 Shivamogga 1934.08 2091.56 5714.95 9740.59 4291 3020
9 Tumakuru 2354.95 1664.47 7070.93 11090.35 4890 3628
10 Chikkamagaluru 2724.82 1334.78 4655.47 8715.07 3530 2386
11 Dakshina Kannada 3255.3 198.12 4882.82 8336.24 8817 4469
477
12 Udupi 2743.88 189.26 4416.81 7349.95 3512 3089
13 Hassan 2369.03 1927.9 4814.98 9111.91 3430 2569
14 Kodagu 2003.22 1124.6 1119.92 4247.74 605 529
KARNATAKA
15
HAND BOOK OF
Mandya 1796.29 1673.8 5328.84 8798.93 2036 2036
16 Mysuru 1310.68 2556.43 4384.5 8251.61 1788 1163
17 Chamarajanagar 863.06 1205.45 2175.93 4244.44 851 653
18 Belagavi 2940.06 1327.23 7774.78 12042.07 2620 929
19 Vijayapura 1626.58 1165.58 5051.69 7843.85 932 762
20 Bagalkot 1494.98 507.82 3465.85 5468.65 1011 1011
21 Dharwad 643.31 261.30 3158.81 4063.42 407 291
22 Gadag 1046.03 169.37 2696.27 3911.67 360 360
23 Haveri 1447.18 505.07 1715.39 3667.64 755 755
24 Uttara Kannada 2800.54 1197.25 8142.67 12140.46 7468 2504
25 Ballari 1520.22 606.43 4317.34 6443.99 787 616
26 Bidar 1775.94 395.7 2324.95 4496.59 877 837
27 Kalaburagi 2032.25 450.09 4619.05 7101.39 1285 882
28 Yadgir 1114.99 245.74 1815.99 3176.72 645 312
29 Raichur 1198.19 670.89 4859.95 6729.03 1315 680
30 Koppal 721.55 527.47 2257.81 3506.83 741 739
State 52521.61 26026.36 112314.94 190862.91 64049 41631
Source : Karnataka At a Glance 2016-17.
Rural Communication Programme: For the roads. Between 1985-86 to 1991-92, an amount
EHQHÀW RI WKH UXUDO SRSXODWLRQ LQ WKH VWDWH WKH of Rs.1.60 crore was incurred for constructing
Rural Communication Programme was launched 77 km. of new roads and some other Master Plan
in 1959-60. Its objective was to provide all-weather Rural Roads (1st Phase C.D.Works). Besides this,
roads to important villages, construction of Minimum Needs Programme was started during
missing links and construction of cross drainages 1974-75 and a sum of Rs.53.77 crores was spent
(culverts) with a linear water way of more than 20 for connecting 1,398 villages with all-weather
feet on PWD roads. approach roads from 1974-75 to 1991-92. As a
result, till the end of 1991-92, 12,649 villages
During the Chief-Engineers Conference, a road
were linked with All-weather roads. It constitutes
development programme for twenty years (1961-
47 per cent of the total inhabited villages in the
1981) was chalked out. This plan envisaged
State numbering 27,028. As many as 6,747
improvements to the existing roads or up grading
villages were provided with Fair weather Roads
or new construction of additional roads. The
and 7,433 with Katcha roads which accounted
Public Works Department undertook a survey
for 25 per cent and 27 per cent respectively. The
in 1970-71, to ascertain the number of villages
rest of the 199 villages were without approach
connected by all-weather roads or any type of
roads. The Halli Heddari scheme was started in
roads. This survey revealed that out of 26,286
1984-85. Under this scheme, till the end of 1991-
inhabited villages, 10,299 villages were connected
92, 167 villages having a population of less than
by metalled and all-weather roads, 9,865 villages
1,000 were provided with all-weather roads. The
were connected by unmetalled roads and the
expenditure incurred was Rs.827.26 lakhs. The
remaining 6,122 villages were not connected by
scheme of approach roads to colonies of the
any roads.
Scheduled Castes was launched in 1983-84. A
For providing speedy accessibility to villages, sum of Rs.37.13 crores were spent from 1983-84
Integrated Comprehensive Rural Communication to 1991-92, for constructing about 2,099 km. of
Programme was started in 1972-73. An amount road length. Construction of roads under public
participation was launched in 1986-87, to give
478 of Rs.9.63 crore was spent in the Sixth Plan
period, for constructing about 1,803 km. of new high priority to the rural road works which have
local people’s participation. The Zilla Parishads with Katcha roads and 17 villages unconnected by
also executed this programme. During 1987-88 any road in the State. By 2010 March, the State
to 1991-92 about 113 km. of Grama Panchayat had 66,791km. All-weather road, 25,863 km.
COMMUNICATIONS
TRANSPORT AND
roads were constructed/improved and an amount Good road, and 54,558 km. Katcha roads.
of Rs.161.53 lakhs were spent. The Government
Details of Rural Road Communication
has approved to upgrade 10,000 km. of rural Condition in the State
roads to that of Major District Roads and since All-weather Good road Kutcha Surface Road
Year
1995, road development in each constituency has road (km.) (km.) (km.)
been started as a special scheme. Since 1996, road 2008-09 64,116 27,630 55,458
development in Sugar factory areas has also been 2009-10 65,904 26,450 54,858
started. In 1995, World Bank aid being sought
2010-11 66,791 25,863 54,558
for State Highway improvement and NABARD
Karnataka Road Development Agency was
loan is sought to improve rural communications
established in 1999 as a State Government
in the State. The government has constituted
Enterprise to improve the infrastructure of roads
“Karnataka Road Development Corporation” in
in the State. The Corporation has constructed
-XQH ZLWK LWV UHJLVWHUHG RIÀFH DW %HQJDOXUX
613 bridges and developed 855 km. of road.
with an authorized initial share capital of Rs.200
Later action has been taken to improve rural
crores aimed at improving roads, bridges etc.,
communication through various schemes.
with developmental programmes. It has taken up
Under the Prime Minister’s Grama Sadak Yojana
WKH XS JUDGDWLRQ RI ÀYH URDGV ZLWK WKH ÀQDQFLDO
Programme (PMGSY) started in December 2000
aid of Rs.750 crores from HUDCO. By March
in the State to connect all-weather roads to
2000 among the 27,066 inhabitant villages in
inhabited villages with a population of more than
the State, 15,800 villages have all-weather roads,
500. A road length of 14,773.64 Km. of road was
8,026 villages have Fair weather roads, and 3,137
metalled by December 2011. In order to effectively
villages have Katcha roads and the remaining
implement this programme, Karnataka Rural Road
103 villages were not connected by any road.
Development Corporation was formed in October
But due to various steps taken up by the State
2005. As a result, the villages without rural road
Government village roads have been improved to
communication have been declining. At the end
a greater extent. As a result, by 2008, there were
of March 2011, there were 2,235 inhabitations
24,710 villages with all weather Roads, 6,540
without road communication in the State. For
villages with fair weather Roads, 3,376 villages
more details see Table 7.11.
Table 7.11 Rural Connectivity (km.) in Karnataka
Year All Weather Roads Good Roads Earthen Roads Villages Unconnected by Road (Nos.)
1997-98 15800 6551 4612 103
1998-99 16305 6419 4255 87
1999-00 16857 6099 4045 65
2000-01 17442 5764 3819 41
2001-02 17802 5462 3769 33
2002-03 17802 5649 3582 33
2003-04 18295 5860 3501 27
2004-05 20934 6065 3473 20
2005-06 22454 6146 3422 20
2006-07 23801 6232 3407 17
2007-08 24710 6540 3376 17
2008-09 64116 27630 55458 1718
2009-10 65904 26450 54858 2235
2010-11 66791 25863 54558 2235
479
2011-12 68649 24748 53815 2235
Bridges : The Sethubandhana Programme was 229 major bridges were located on Major District
commenced with the aim of constructing cross Roads. For more details see. Table 7.9.
drainages on Non-PWD roads in the rural areas.
Road Census : In order to improve the quality
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
In 1956, the number of bridges having 30.4 metre
of roads, a census of movement of vehicles,
linear water ways was 304. In 1985-86 at a cost
transportation of goods, and the impact of pressure
of Rs.90.07 lakhs, 184 cross Drainage Works were
on different categories of road will be undertaken
completed. With an expenditure of Rs.154.09
for a period of one week from day and night, once
lakhs, 258 works were completed during 1991-92.
in 5 years and on select roads a model census of
A scheme was started to provide cross-drainage
movement of vehicles for 2 days (48 hours) once
having a linear water way of less than six metres.
in a year will be conducted. The road census was
Since 1985-86 to 1991-92, as many as 346 cross-
FRQGXFWHGIRUWKHÀUVWWLPHLQWKH6WDWHLQ
drainage works were completed. The pace of DQGWKHÀUVWPRGHOURDGFHQVXVZDVFRQGXFWHGLQ
the bridge construction was speeded up and in 1963-64. The movement of vehicles as per census
1991-92, there were 1,204 bridges in the State. of 2009-10 compared to the road census of 1970-
Compared to 33,066 minor bridges in 1978, the LV JLYHQ EHORZ 7KH 5RDG 7UDIÀF &HQVXV ZDV
minor bridges which included culverts also on all conducted in 2013 also in Karnataka.
the categories of roads were 97,473 at the end of
31-03-1992. By 1998 there were 97,781 culverts,
Percentage
13,990 minor bridges (6-60m) and 469 major Average vehicular
of increase Average annual
Category of movement P.C.U.
bridges (60m and above) built across all category Roads (passenger car
in vehicular increase
movement 2009-10
of roads. As on march 2003, there were altogether unit)
from 1970-71
72,447 (including culverts, minor and major)
National Highway 2,572 25,610 895.70 23.57
bridges on the roads maintained by the PWD
State Highway 1,115 9,321 735.96 18.40
Department viz., National Highway, State Highway
Major District
and Major District Roads. They comprised 62,757 Roads
806 3,704 359.55 8.99
culverts (of 6mt), 10,241 minor bridges (6-30mt.)
and 449 major bridges (30 mt. and above). Road Development Plan 2001-2021
The Government of India, Ministry of Surface
Among them 6,080 bridges were situated on
Transport (Road Wings) has prepared the Road
National Highways, 20,683 bridges on State
Development Plan for India 2001-2021. In this
Highways and 45,684 bridges on Major District
road development plan, the concept of Primary,
Roads. As on March 2006, there were 486 major
Secondary and Tertiary Road System has
bridges ranging between 60mt. to 300mt. and
been introduced for the purpose of transport
above, were in existence on various rivers and SODQQLQJ IXQFWLRQDO LGHQWLÀFDWLRQ HDUPDUNLQJ
streams in the State. Among them, Dakshina administrative, jurisdiction and assigning
Kannada district with 34 topped the list and priorities on a road network.
Bengaluru Urban District had no major river
bridge worth mentioning. As on March 2007,
of the 524 major bridges in the State, 309 were
located in the south zone, the remaining 215 were
situated in north zone.
At the end of March 2011, there were 1,18,346
bridges in the State consisting of 1,01,526 cross
drainages with less than 6 metre linear water way,
16,245 minor bridges with 6 to 60 metre linear
water way, and 575 major bridges with more
than 60 metre of linear water way. Out of these,
6,400 cross drainages, 1,115 small bridges, 69
major bridges were located on National Highways,
29,116 cross drainages, 5,157 minor bridges,
480 277 major bridges were on State Highway, and
66,010 cross drainages, 9,982 minor bridges and Fly-over Hebbal, Bengaluru
COMMUNICATIONS
TRANSPORT AND
Fly-over Near KR Market, Bengaluru
The Primary Road System consists of Express As per the Road Development Plan, PWD initiated
Highways and the National Highways. The State Highways Development Programme for the
Secondary Road System consists of the State improvement and strengthening of the existing
Highways and Major District Roads and the State Highways based on the following criteria.
Tertiary Road System consists of the other District
a. District HQ to District HQ connectivity.
Road and village roads. The latter two categories
are also commonly known by the term “Rural b. District HQ to Taluk HQ connectivity.
Roads” since they represent the links to the rural c. Taluk HQ to Taluk HQ connectivity.
areas of the country. d. Connectivity to tourist places, religious centers
and other economic activity center.
In this road development plan, road length
LV GHÀQHG LQ WHUPV RI FHUWDLQ À[HG DQG WDQJLEOH 3,567 km. of State Highways in 66 packages
objectives, having due regard to the popular under SHDP-I, has been taken up in 2012-13
demands for better type of roads as suggested at an estimated cost of Rs.1,439 crores. As per
here under. the site conditions, 3,390 km of road length is
improved incurring an expenditure of Rs.1,673
a) The length of the National Highways is
crore and all the packages are completed.
calculated on the basis of the demand from
the various states, subject to the consideration Under SHDP-II, improvements of 3,745
that the National Highways may not be very kms of State Highways in 70 packages at an
close to each other, except in areas where no estimated amount of Rs.1,498.90 crore are being
other convenient transport facility exists. implemented. As per the site conditions, 3,139
kms road length is taken up for improvement.
b) The length of the State Highways is calculated 3,134 kms length has been completed incurring
in such a fashion that the State Highways an expenditure of Rs.1,842 crore. All packages are
connect major Industrial centers, District completed.
Places, Taluk/Tehsil head-quarters, places of
commercial interest, tourist centers, major Under SHDP-III, improvement of 2,795 kms of
State Highways and 1,520 kms. Major District
agricultural produce markets and also major
Roads at an estimated amount of Rs.3,500 crore
growth centers in tribal areas.
in 127 packages are being implemented. Out of
c) All villages in the population group of 1500 and 127 packages, 96 packages are completed and the
above should be connected with atleast one remaining 31 packages are under progress. 3,589
Major District Road. kms length improvement is completed incurring
an expenditure of Rs.2,264 crore.
d) All villages in the population group of 1000 to
1,500 should be connected with Other District In 1999, Karnataka Road Development
Roads. Corporation Limited (KRDCL) was created as a 481
State-owned enterprise for the development of proposed to be developed. Road length of 1,427
road infrastructure facilities in the State. Through kms has been developed since inception incurring
this agency, the construction of 671 bridges and an expenditure of Rs.3,793 crores.
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
development of 1,539 kms. length of road have
been completed by KRDCL. Under PPP, a length of The improvement of rural roads (MDRs and VRs)
123 kms. i.e,. Yelahanka - AP border road (74.35 and construction/reconstruction of bridges are
kms.) and Devanhalli - Kolar road (49 kms.) being taken up through NABARD assisted Rural
are being developed. Further, 360 kms. State Infrastructure Development Fund since 1996-97
Highway is being improved with World Bank co- (RIDF-II). The tranches from RIDF-II to RIDF-XIX
ÀQDQFH DQQXLW\ VFKHPHDWDQHVWLPDWHGFRVWRI are completed and RIDF-XX to XXIII are under
Rs.1,369 crore and these projects are completed. progress. During 2018-19, under RIDF-XXIV, 205
Construction of 217 bridges at an estimated URDGV DQG EULGJHV KDYH EHHQ LGHQWLÀHG DW DQ
amount of Rs.1,395.58 crore is being taken up. estimated amount of Rs. 225.00 crore. Detailed
project reports are sent to NABARD and the
Under KSHIP-II, Phase-I, it is proposed to
approval is awaited. Table 7.12 shows the details
develop 833 kms. of roads with the assistance of
of plan outlay and expenditure for PWD from
World Bank and under the Asian Development
2012-13 to 2017-18.
Bank component, 615 kms road length is
Table 7.12 Plan Outlay and Expenditure, PWD
(Rs.in Crores)
IEBR Capital Outlay Total Revenue
Total Plan
Year Expr.
Outlay
Plan Plan Plan
Expr. Expr. Expr.
Outlay Outlay Outlay
2012-13 318.03 270.52 4215.92 3950.61 191.00 180.12 4724.95 4401.25
2013-14 468.98 366.22 4483.62 4228.48 140.00 103.34 5092.60 4698.04
2014-15 552.71 348.90 4879.67 4614.40 160.90 152.29 5593.28 5115.59
2015-16 677.90 594.16 5876.91 5861.05 174.00 153.99 6728.81 6609.20
2016-17 1193.84 1154.88 6331.99 6040.31 137.56 132.38 7662.59 6982.53
2017-18 1369.36 1369.36 6155.36 5992.34 1651.59 1568.90 9176.31 8930.60
Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19.
Pradhana Manthri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY)
PMGSY was launched in the State during December 2000 with the objective of providing rural
connectivity by way of all weather roads to eligible habitations having a population of 500 and above
by the end of 2007. Under this programme, Rs.4,772.56 crore has been spent and 18,547.74 kms.
of road length has been asphalted as on November-2018. In order to implement the scheme more
effectively, Karnataka Rural Road Development Agency has been formed during October 2005. The
agency is involved in the preparation of detailed project reports in each stage, implementation of the
works as approved by Government of India as per the required standards and release of grants provided
by Government of India. The details of rural connectivity are shown in Table 7.13.
Table 7.13 District Rural Road Map (details of rural connectivity)
Year Bituminous Surface (kms) Metal Surface (kms) Earthen/Gravel Roads (kms)
482 2017-18 52521.61 26026.36 112314.94
Chief Minister Gram Sadak Yojana : Under RI WUDIÀF FRQWLQXHV WR JURZ DW DQ DQQXDO UDWH RI
Mukhya Mantri Gramina Raste Abhivruddi Yojane between 7–10 per cent. The Outer Ring Road was
(Head of Account - 3054) a sum of Rs.25,550 lakhs initially constructed to ease truck congestion in
COMMUNICATIONS
TRANSPORT AND
have been provided in the annual budget for 2018- the city, however the growth of suburbs reduced
19. The funds so provided have been allocated to the positive impact of the ring road. Bengaluru
Zilla Panchayats as per Dr.D.M.Nanjundappa Development Authority is laying additional lanes
Committee report for maintenance of rural roads. on many of the major roads around Bengaluru. The
Peripheral Ring Road is designed to be concentric
Bengaluru City and its Fly-overs : Bengaluru to the Outer Ring Road and covers 108.9 km. The
LV,QGLD·VWKLUGODUJHVWFLW\DQGUDQNVÀIWKVRIDUDV Hosur Road, which connects Bengaluru to the
metropolitan area is concerned. Bengaluru’s road Electronic City, is heavily congested and is part
network exceeds 3,000 km. (1,800 mi) and consists
of the National Highway (NH-7), therefore witness
of Ring road, Arterial roads, sub-arterial roads and
KHDY\WUXFNWUDIÀFDVZHOO
residential streets. The city road network is mainly
radial, converging in the centre. The main roads The Fly-over built in Bengaluru city, linking
of Bengaluru coming into the city include Ballari Sirsi Circle with Corporation via City Market, the
Road in the north, Tumakuru Road, Mysuru ORQJHVWRILWVNLQGLQ$VLDKDVUHGXFHGWKHWUDIÀF
Road in the west, NH 209, Kanakpura Road, pressure near City Market and Mysuru circle
Bannerghatta Road, Hosur Road in the south and considerably. Likewise among the other Fly overs,
HAL Airport and Chennai (Old Madras) Road in the the one connecting Richmond Circle with Kengal
east. Many of Bengaluru’s erstwhile colonial and Hanumanthaiah Double Road: another built on
town streets were developed into commercial and NH-4 near Krishnarajapuram (unique for its cable
entertainment areas after independence. The B.V.K VWD\ EULGJH Á\RYHU EXLOW DW 'DLU\ FLUFOH +RVXU
Iyengar Road became the retail hub of Bengaluru, Road), at National College: at Malleshwaram
while MG. Road, Commercial Street and Brigade Circle: at Basaveshwara Nagar, at Hebbal
Road became important shopping, recreation and Tank, at Marathalli and Mekri Circle (Ballari
FRUSRUDWH DUHDV &RQVHTXHQWO\ WUDIÀF LQFUHDVHG Road) at Yeshwanthpur, at Jayadeva Hospital,
exponentially, especially on MG Road, which forms at Rajajinagar entrance, at Palace Guttahalli,
WKH PDLQ DUWHU\ IRU WKH FLW\·V HDVW ZHVW WUDIÀF Kadirenahalli, Domlur, Koramangala Sony World,
But for MG Road, other roads in and around the Kaggadasapura, Madiwala Checkpost, Electronic
erstwhile Parade Ground remain narrow, winding City, Nagawara Junction, Intersection of Outer
URDGV%HQJDOXUX·VYHKLFXODUWUDIÀFKDVLQFUHDVHG Ring Road and Mysuru Road at Nayandahalli etc.,
manifold, with 1.6 million registered vehicles in DUHIHZPRUHH[DPSOHVZKLFKUHÁHFWRQWKHDFWLRQ
the city the second highest for an Indian city, after WDNHQ E\ WKH JRYHUQPHQW WR LPSURYH WKH WUDIÀF
New Delhi. The maintenance and construction of movement in the city. Likewise the railway under
URDGV WR DGGUHVV WKH JURZLQJ WUDIÀF LQ WKH FLW\ EULGJHV FRQVWUXFWHG QHDU ÀUH EULJDGH VWDWLRQ
has been a challenge to the BDA and the BBMP. in Mysuru is worth mentioning. Like wise over
Development of the city road infrastructure bridges have been constructed at different places
KDV UHYROYHG DURXQG LPSRVLQJ RQHZD\ WUDIÀF LQ in the state.
FHUWDLQDUHDVLPSURYLQJWUDIÀFÁRZLQ-XQFWLRQV
E\FRQVWUXFWLQJULQJURDGVEULGJHVÁ\RYHUVDQG The Government has signed an agreement with
other Grade separators. Six high volume junctions the Kalyani groups of India for the construction
ZHUH LGHQWLÀHG IRU LPSURYHPHQWV WKURXJK D of Bengaluru-Mysuru Express Highway to be
Public private partnership involving corporate executed by the Kalyani Group of Companies on
sponsors and various state government agencies, its own investment, to be maintained for 30 years,
such as the Siddapur Road and Hosur Road handing it over in motorable condition to the State
junctions, sponsored by Infosys; the Airport Road Government after recouping the expenditure
and Intermediate Ring Road junction sponsored LQFXUUHG DORQJ ZLWK SURÀW E\ ZD\ RI WROO À[HG LQ
by the Tata_Groups. Flyovers were constructed in consent with the State Government at regular
WKHFLW\WRHDVHWUDIÀFFRQJHVWLRQ1HZHUÁ\RYHUV intervals. The Bengaluru–Mysuru Infrastructure
were planned for the city for 2006 and beyond. Corridor (BMIC) also called NICE road (111 km
length - 69 minutes journey) is a proposed 4 to 6
6RPHRIWKHÁy-overs and one-ways mitigated the lane private tolled express highway that intends 483
WUDIÀF VLWXDWLRQ PRGHUDWHO\ KRZHYHU WKH YROXPH to connect the two important cities of Bengaluru
and Mysuru. This is being constructed by Nandi increase in the number of tractors from 20,561 in
Infrastructure Corridor Enterprises (NICE) 1956-57 to 52,592 in 1992-93. The total number
chaired by Ashok Kheny on Build-Own-Operate- of motor vehicles in the state as on 31-3-1994 was
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
Transfer (BOOT) basis. The NICE peripheral road 1,87,537 which included 1,67,207 motor cars,
is available to public over since years . This is a 20,237 buses (including 16,190 K.S.R.T.C.buses)
tolled road connecting all important highways and 81,869 goods carriers. As on December 1999,
going out of Bengaluru at particular intersections. there were 32,60,663 registered motor vehicles in
This is a huge project What we have now is the the State. They include 23,38,021 two wheelers,
outer Peripheral road linking Hosur road and 3,00,687 Motor Cars, 38,990 Jeeps, 16,711 Cabs,
Tumakuru road. On Tumakuru road, the NICE 1,16,487 goods vehicles, 27,743 Omni Buses,
road starts near BIEC (Bengaluru International 1,40,238 Auto-rikshaws, 20,876 K.S.R.T.C.
Exhibition Centre)-has a intersecting at Magadi Buses, 6,302 Private Buses, 98,406 Tractors,
road, Mysuru road, Bannerghatta road and 99,015 Trailers, 574 Contract Carriers, besides
Kanakapura road. Though this 41 km. road is a 56,713 other vehicles with an overall increase of
tolled road, it has helped many people to avoid 9.17 per cent during 1998-99. By March 2000,
%HQJDOXUX·VWUDIÀFPHVV,WDOVRNHHSVWUXFNVDZD\ there were 33,51,076 motor vehicles registered in
from the city roads. The Hosur Road-Bannerghatta the state with Bengaluru division having highest
Road (8.744 km.); Bannerghatta-Kanakapura number (17,84,812) of registered motor vehicles
Road (6.791 km.); Kanakapura-Clover Leaf1/C in the State. The same had gone upto 44,61,105
(4.365); Clover Leaf1/C-Mysuru Road (3.880 by the end of March 2003. It included 32,45,652
km.); Mysuru Road-Magadi Road (9.545 km.); and motor cycles and scooters, 4,28,437 motor cars,
Magadi Road-Tumakuru Road (7.475 km.) called 24,032 cabs, 1,74,151 Auto-rikshaws, 40,930
Peripheral roads (41 km.); and a Link Road (8.1 Omni buses, 1,48,025 goods vehicles and
km.) are tolled roads maintained by NICE. 3,99,878 other vehicles. By 2007 March, the state
had 69,39,710 registered vehicles and among
Transport Department : Till 1989, called as
the districts, if Bengaluru tops the table with
Motor Vehicle Department, it was started in
27,60,766 registered vehicles, Chamarajanagar
1957 and entrusted with the work of registration
with 45,530 registered vehicles touched the
and tax collection of motor vehicles, issuing of
bottom. The Transport Department is one of the
permits, driver’s and conductor’s licenses etc.,
major revenue earning departments in Karnataka
to the public in accordance with the provisions
and the following table gives the district wise
of 1) The Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 (Central Act
Registered Motor Vehicles as on the December
59 of 1988), 2) Central Motor Vehicles Rules
1999, March 2003, 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2011.
1989, 3) The Karnataka Motor Vehicles Rules
At the end of March 2011, in Bengaluru urban
1989 4) The Karnataka Motor Vehicles Taxation
district with 37,91,318 registered motor vehicles
Act 1957 (Karnataka Act 35 of 1957) and 5)
RFFXSLHV WKH ÀUVW SODFH DQG <DGJLU GLVWULFW ZLWK
Karnataka Motor Vehicles Taxation Rules 1957.
54,997 registered motor vehicles occupies the
The transport commissioner is the head of this
last place. By March 2012 the total number of
Department assisted by 6 Joint Commissioners,
vehicles registered in the state has increased to
5 Deputy Commissioners, 43 Regional Transport
1,09,09,000 and by the end of 2012 August, it
RIÀFHU DV ZHOO DV RWKHU RIÀFHUV DQG VWDII 7KH
further increased to 1,13,93,000. As on March
6WDWH KDV 5HJLRQDO WUDQVSRUW RIÀFHV DQG
2014, altogether 1,33,35,106 registered vehicles
$VVLVWDQW 5HJLRQDO 7UDQVSRUW RIÀFHV $W WKH WLPH
were in State, with Bengaluru Division (62,67,965)
of integration of Karnataka, there were 25,976
Mysuru Division (14,65,781), Shivamogga Division
registered motor vehicles. Their total number stood
(20,06,980), Belagavi Division (23,25,691), and
at 17,18,494 in 1992-93. Among the vehicles, the
Kalaburagi Division (12,68,689) having registered
two wheelers were 12,30,200 and 1,59,888 were
vehicles as mentioned in the brackets. For more
motor cars. Besides Commercial Vehicles, those
details see Table 7.14 to 7.20.
484 on the farm front too, received a boost with the
Table 7.14 District wise Registered Motor Vehicles in Karnataka
Sl. December March March March March March
District
COMMUNICATIONS
TRANSPORT AND
No. 1999 2003 2007 2008 2009 2011
1. Bengaluru (Urban) 11,69,461 13,70,291 2,70,076 30,09,565 32,40,740 37,91,318
Bengaluru (Rural) (including
2. 1,35,982 1,42,403 1,93,776 1,97,155 1,08,633 1,22,594
Ramangar Dt.)
3. Ramanagar Newly formed in 2007 1,01,187 2,03,454 2,42,472
4. Chitradurga 42,881 59,425 92,841 1,05,050 1,19,541 1,48,934
5. Davanagere 94,514 1,30,244 1,85,322 2,03,772 2,48,744 2,88,132
Kolar (including
6. 89,391 1,19,246 1,84,073 1,35,307 1,46,414 1,49,270
Chikkaballapur dt.)
7. Chikkaballapur Newly formed in 2007 62,261 71,578 88,150
8. Shivamogga 1,07,743 1,50,025 2,14,542 2,32,320 2,26,499 2,87,944
9. Tumakuru 98,561 1,36,691 2,14,349 2,41,804 2,70,126 3,15.155
10. Belagavi 2,20,781 3,00,082 4,33,038 4,67,354 4,80,692 6,13,895
11. Vijayapura 49,430 78,700 1,11,826 1,23,888 1,25,917 1,52,609
12. Bagalkot 51,383 73,573 1,19,507 1,34,458 1,50,494 1,86,611
13. Dharwad 1,30,528 1,69,677 2,43,744 2,65,042 2,62,984 3,38,481
14. Gadag 32,916 42,573 61,944 67,897 75,005 89,345
15. Haveri 36,739 59,583 92,961 1,02,398 1,14,522 1,44,016
16. Uttara Kannada 69,871 97,952 1,33,369 1,44,583 1,68,200 2,00,484
17. Ballari 89,208 1,20,811 1,88,011 2,20,135 2,28,203 2,92,691
18. Bidar 37,319 50,341 74,453 83,163 90,964 1,01,836
19. Kalaburagi 80,629 1,21,189 1,83,699 2,04,307 1,83,234 2,12,779
20. Yadgir Newly formed in 2000 45,123 54,997
21. Raichur 40,057 61,684 98,364 1,00,436 1,23,445 1,55,306
22. Koppal 25,594 3,91,779 62,716 69,203 79,561 99,063
23. Chikkamagaluru 53,327 71,280 1,05,077 1,16,890 1,28,044 1,56,258
24. Dakshina Kannada 1,46,709 1,95,444 2,85,241 3,13,462 3,61,502 4,23,409
25. Udupi 58,531 84,146 1,26,566 1,39,228 1,53,044 1,81,186
26. Hassan 66,089 89,737 1,38,675 1,54,679 1,70,864 2,02,203
27. Coorg 41,765 47,267 63,934 69,723 76,413 88,638
28. Mandya 51,968 71,233 1,11,127 1,29,240 1,46,327 1,68,883
29. Mysuru 2,20,281 2,81,637 4,14,088 4,53,543 4,35,352 5,64,755
30. Chamarajanagar 19,005 2,60,911 45,530 52048 58,583 69,069
STATE TOTAL 32,60,663 44,61,15 69,3910 75,19,098 82,94,202 99,30,483 485
Table 7.15 Motor Vehicles registered in Belagavi Division 2017-18 (District wise)
Sl. Karwar
Vehicles Detail Belagavi Gadag Dharwad Haveri Vijayapura Bagalkot Total
No. (U.K.)
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
1. Two Wheelers 74444 12990 15669 26226 35656 25886 31047 221918
2 Cars 5801 877 3362 1673 2480 1789 3305 19287
3 Jeep 0 0 0 0 15 0 0 15
4 Omni buses 523 0 15 48 3 176 345 1110
5 Tractors 2100 868 404 751 2755 1265 429 8572
6 Trailors 1561 347 206 605 759 701 201 4380
Construction Equipment
7 57 10 0 0 0 41 14 122
Vehicle
8 Other Vehicles 293 37 0 2 1678 74 195 2279
Total Non-Transport Vehicles 84779 15129 19656 29305 43346 29932 35536 257683
9 Transport Goods Vehicles
Multi Axled Articulated Ve-
a 118 1 42 0 448 14 5 628
hicles
b Trucks and Lorries 462 157 97 142 103 195 128 1284
Total 580 158 139 142 551 209 133 1912
10 Light Goods Vehicles
a Four Wheelers 1512 320 537 378 719 669 680 4815
b Three Wheelers 99 143 103 524 410 176 105 1560
Total 1611 463 640 902 1129 845 785 6375
11 Buses
a Stage Carriages 203 74 39 0 35 22 102 475
b Contract Carriages 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 3
c Private Service Vehicles 22 0 6 0 2 0 2 32
d Educational Institution Buses 98 19 0 23 85 68 22 315
e Other Buses 0 16 0 62 104 7 0 189
Total 323 109 45 87 226 97 127 1014
12 Taxies
a Motor Cabs 296 94 217 330 391 277 294 1899
b Maxi Cab 129 29 51 120 118 46 50 543
c Other Taxies 2 0 0 0 17 0 0 19
Total 427 123 268 450 526 323 344 2461
13 Light Motor Vehicles
a Three Seaters 484 392 505 468 298 506 553 3206
b Four to Six Seaters 0 0 0 342 0 0 0 342
Total 484 392 505 810 298 506 553 3548
14 Other Vehicles 39 11 213 35 110 25 26 459
Total Transport Vehicles 3464 1256 1810 2426 2840 2005 1968 15769
Total (Transport + Non -Transport) 88243 16385 21466 31731 46186 31937 37504 273452
486
Source : Annual Report 2017-18, Transport Department.
Table 7.16 Motor Vehicles Registered in Shivamogga Division 2017-18 (District wise)
Sl.
Vehicles Detail Shivamogga Chitradurga Davanagere Chikkamagaluru Mangaluru Udupi Total
No.
COMMUNICATIONS
TRANSPORT AND
1. Two Wheelers 33501 17458 28127 15874 42370 22116 159446
2 Cars 4252 0 3112 3101 10908 5666 27039
3 Jeep 102 0 0 273 141 0 516
4 Omni buses 34 1 30 62 56 0 183
5 Tractors 886 997 1720 951 23 35 4612
6 Trailors 425 479 609 567 1 5 2086
Construction Equipment
7 82 25 7 6 1 4 125
Vehicle
8 Other Vehicles 74 4 6 27 497 21 629
Total Non - Transport Vehicles 39356 20536 33611 20861 53997 27847 196208
9 Transport Goods Vehicles
Multi Axled Articulated
a 4 16 66 0 161 0 247
Vehicles
b Trucks & Lorries 477 146 87 91 309 267 1377
Total 481 162 153 91 470 267 1624
10 Light Goods Vehicles
a Four Wheelers 402 259 492 793 1249 1001 4196
b Three Wheelers 62 672 208 110 570 13 1635
Total 464 931 700 903 1819 1014 5831
11 Buses
a Stage Carriages 26 0 20 10 138 61 255
b Contract Carriages 11 1 0 1 0 7 20
c Private Service Vehicles 0 4 71 12 26 6 119
Educational Institution
d 16 1 34 49 68 177
Buses 9
e Other Buses 2 6 401 132 64 0 605
Total 55 12 501 189 277 142 1176
12 Taxies
a Motor Cabs 413 307 321 202 246 301 1790
b Maxi Cab 30 58 76 49 362 19 594
c Other Taxies 1 0 4 0 12 1 18
Total 444 365 401 251 620 321 2402
13 Light Motor Vehicles
a Three Seaters 536 296 1003 211 2862 979 5887
b Four to Six Seaters 11 0 0 13 0 0 24
Total 547 296 1003 224 2862 979 5911
14 Other Vehicles 97 59 13 158 117 3 447
Total Transport 2088 1825 2771 1816 6165 2726 17391
Total (Transport +Non-Transport) 41444 22361 36382 22677 60162 30573 213599
487
Source : Annual Report 2017-18, Transport Department.
Table 7.17 Motor Vehicles registered in Mysuru Division 2017-18 (District wise)
Sl.
Vehicles Detail Mysuru Chamrajnagar Madikeri Mandya Hassan Total
No.
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
1. Two Wheelers 63321 13623 6752 27896 25573 137165
2 Cars 8713 569 2652 1731 2811 16476
3 Jeep 4 0 13 2 7 26
4 Omni buses 0 0 335 0 13 348
5 Tractors 1425 461 106 749 1038 3779
6 Trailors 466 89 71 380 615 1621
7 Construction Equipment Vehicle 0 0 0 0 6 6
8 Other Vehicles 89 9 5 26 155 284
Total Non-Transport 74018 14751 9934 30784 30218 159705
9 Transport Vehicles
a Multi Axled Articulated Vehicles 77 59 0 0 34 170
b Trucks and Lorries 188 33 108 106 155 590
Total 265 92 108 106 189 760
10 Light Goods Vehicles 0 0 0 0 0 0
a Four Wheelers 1668 341 464 456 783 3712
b Three Wheelers 591 304 38 571 168 1672
Total 2259 645 502 1027 951 5384
11 Buses
a Stage Carriages 103 1 0 129 112 345
b Contract Carriages 0 0 0 0 1 1
c Private Service Vehicles 18 0 1 0 6 25
d Educational Institution Buses 111 14 17 11 74 227
e Other Buses 0 61 0 0 6 67
Total 232 76 20 140 199 667
12 Taxies
a Motor Cabs 679 0 113 304 360 1456
b Maxi Cab 97 28 22 139 80 366
c Other Taxies 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 776 28 135 443 440 1822
13 Light Motor Vehicles
a Three Seaters 1294 672 372 340 2751
73
b Four to Six Seaters 0 105 0 1 2 108
Total 1294 178 672 373 342 2859
14 Other Vehicles 18 6 26 7 13 70
Total Transport 4844 1025 1463 2096 2134 11562
Total (Transport + Non-Transport) 78862 15776 11397 32880 32352 171267
488
Source : Annual Report 2017-18, Transport Department.
Table 7.18 Motor Vehicles registered in Bengaluru Urban and Bengaluru Rural
Division 2017-18 (District wise)
COMMUNICATIONS
TRANSPORT AND
Sl. Bengaluru Bengaluru Chika
Vehicles Detail Tumakuru Kolar Ramanagar Total
No. Urban Rural ballapur
1. Two Wheelers 402896 8476 49378 21214 16406 13213 511583
2 Cars 110560 1091 3687 1474 921 1509 119242
3 Jeep 112 0 0 0 1 0 113
4 Omni buses 592 30 0 357 268 0 1247
5 Tractors 1024 92 1639 580 660 360 4355
6 Trailors 527 63 1484 452 288 233 3047
7 Construction Equipment Vehicle 143 0 0 0 0 0 143
8 Other Vehicles 3210 143 101 27 69 53 3603
Total Non-Transport Vehicles 519063 9895 56289 24104 18613 15368 643333
9 Transport Vehicles
a Multi Axled Articulated Vehicles 4504 110 63 110 87 43 4917
b Trucks and Lorries 2656 237 131 111 48 53 3236
Total 7160 347 192 221 135 96 8151
10 Light Goods Vehicles
a Four Wheelers 8397 504 994 583 461 311 11250
b Three Wheelers 2481 248 179 39 70 96 3113
Total 10878 752 1173 622 531 407 14363
11 Buses
a Stage Carriages 1663 0 1 0 5 2 1671
b Contract Carriages 192 4 0 0 0 2 198
c Private Service Vehicles 372 23 0 4 0 55 454
d Educational Institution Buses 1112 44 142 68 54 36 1456
e Other Buses 182 0 0 6 141 0 329
Total 3521 71 143 78 200 95 2502
12 Taxies
a Motor Cabs 13305 106 336 241 230 314 14532
b Maxi Cab 2200 33 47 17 26 27 2350
c Other Taxies 1090 0 202 1 0 0 1293
Total 16595 139 585 259 256 341 18175
13 Light Motor Vehicles
a Three Seaters 11760 159 1728 404 234 135 14420
b Four to Six Seaters 997 8 0 0 29 0 1034
Total 12757 167 1728 404 263 135 15454
14 Other Vehicles 3148 56 115 0 38 5 3362
Total Transport 54059 1532 3933 1584 1423 1079 62007
Total (Transport + Non-Transport) 573123 11427 60222 25688 20036 16447 706943
489
Source : Annual Report 2017-18, Transport Department.
Table 7.19 Motor Vehicles registered in Kalaburagi Division 2017-18 (District wise)
Sl.
Vehicles Detail Kalaburagi Yadgir Raichur Ballari Koppal Bidar Total
No.
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
1. Two Wheelers 26148 12342 24616 23107 19056 14849 120118
2 Cars 1899 595 1457 2204 992 1155 8302
3 Jeep 85 9 0 64 7 17 182
4 Omni buses 5 3 17 292 36 14 367
5 Tractors 710 1189 1276 1037 1060 319 5591
6 Trailors 344 360 382 327 451 218 2082
7 Construction Equipment Vehicle 205 23 2 33 85 21 369
8 Other Vehicles 0 051 42 34 259 18 504
Total Non-Transport Vehicles 29396 14672 27792 27098 21946 16611 137515
9 Transport Vehicles 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
a Multi Axled Articulated Vehicles 58 0 115 414 75 421 1083
b Trucks and Lorries 327 84 93 312 42 90 948
Total 385 84 208 726 117 511 2031
10 Light Goods Vehicles 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
a Four Wheelers 374 318 455 958 426 211 2742
b Three Wheelers 396 39 95 52 175 78 835
Total 770 357 550 1010 601 289 3577
11 Buses 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
a Stage Carriages 101 97 96 38 125 0 457
b Contract Carriages 0 0 0 6 0 0 6
c Private Service Vehicles 6 0 1 48 3 0 58
d Educational Institution Buses 115 28 19 29 23 26 240
e Other Buses 0 0 3 23 0 5 31
Total 222 125 119 144 149 30 789
12 Taxies 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
a Motor Cabs 209 162 141 265 146 96 1019
b Maxi Cab 38 33 23 68 22 47 231
c Other Taxies 0 1 0 24 0 1 26
Total 247 196 164 357 168 144 1276
13 Light Motor Vehicles 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
a Three Seaters 666 430 315 104 152 370 2037
b Four to Six Seaters 0 0 1 31 0 1 33
Total 666 430 316 135 152 371 2070
14 Other Vehicles 31 86 36 107 11 32 303
Total Transport 2321 1278 1393 2479 1198 1377 10046
Total (Transport + Non -Transport) 31717 15950 29185 29577 23144 17988 147561
490
Source : Annual Report 2017-18, Transport Department.
Table 7.20 Total Vehicles registered In Karnataka State As on Febraury 2019
Bengaluru
Type of Vehicles Bengaluru (U) Mysuru Shivamogga Belagavi Kalaburagi State Total
COMMUNICATIONS
TRANSPORT AND
(R)
Non transport Vehicle
Two Wheelers 5550878 1341473 1766236 2226663 2842378 1550139 15277767
Car 1531615 106176 197698 332185 220308 91433 2479415
Jeep 8274 1076 8065 14306 7701 8736 48158
Omni Bus 50608 6883 12185 13335 36377 17890 137278
Tractor 17111 74373 73652 106281 173994 109049 554460
Trailor 12768 48029 43174 67687 130571 57525 359754
Constrn Equipment
2992 1582 808 4505 2101 1893 13881
Vehicle
Other Vehicle 31868 9489 18230 22928 21431 7159 111105
Total Non-Transport 7206114 1589081 2120048 2787890 3434861 1843824 18981818
Transport Vehicle
Multiaxled / Articulated 51536 5444 3373 9048 11209 9436 90046
Trucks & lorries 69246 19587 26977 56756 48530 30316 251412
Total 120782 25031 30350 65804 59739 39752 341458
LMV Goods
4 Wheelers 97927 30750 40956 51036 65349 31268 317286
3 Wheelers 49515 19264 23811 25024 25920 18292 161826
Total 147442 50014 64767 76060 91269 49560 479112
Buses
Stage Carriages 16527 3722 5419 6037 10211 4015 45931
Contract Carriages 2457 307 135 423 408 239 3969
Private Service Vehicle 11884 1128 507 3900 804 766 18989
Edunl Institution Bus 12298 4534 2049 2093 2416 2319 25709
Other Buses 5999 1487 402 3323 865 419 12495
Total 49165 11178 8512 15776 14704 7758 107093
Taxies
Motor Cab 116729 18991 18466 31895 24989 14514 225584
Maxi cab 39994 7084 9156 18448 13815 8543 97040
Other Taxi 15329 3292 870 980 81 322 20874
Total 172052 29367 28492 51323 38885 23379 343498
Light Motor Vehicles
3 Seater (A/R) 201494 39484 41598 82869 62516 39024 466985
4 To Six Seater 36240 1958 2276 4015 3442 1462 49393
Total 237734 41442 43874 86884 65958 40486 516378
Other Vehicle 63515 7650 13975 31511 27786 18581 163018
Total Transport 790690 164682 189970 327358 298341 179516 1950557
Grand Total
7992665 1755305 2309970 3119438 3733202 2024221 20934801
(Trans+Non-Transport
491
Source : Transport Department website.
The transport department has been issuing Driving License Cards, the Transport Department
computerized documents in all its 56 Regional had issued 2,40,285 Blue Plastic Cards for two
7UDQVSRUW 2IÀFHV RI WKH 6WDWH VLQFH wheelers, 40,789 Green Plastic Cards to LMVs,
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
and smart cards using micro processor based 15 1,53,219 Red Plastic Cards to both two wheelers
KB chip inserted in plastic cards were issued for and LMVs and 5,667 Khaki Plastic Cards to HTVs
Driving Licenses and Motor Vehicle Registration were issued since 1985. In cities like Bengaluru,
&HUWLÀFDWHV $W WKH HQG RI 0DUFK ODNK Plastic license cards, being issued by using video
Motor Vehicle licenses, and 15 lakh Motor Vehicle image and superior quality cards is being given to
Registration with a total of 31 lakh smart cards the license holders.
were issued.
Under South Zone permit scheme without the
The Transport Commissioner is the Chairman counter signature on the basis of single point tax
of the Karnataka State Transport Authority, a remittance agreement for inter-state permit were
Quasi-Judicial body, in accordance with section made in Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh,
68 of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988. This Authority Kerala, Goa and Pondicherry State and centrally
KDVWZRRWKHURIÀFLDOPHPEHUVDOVRDQGLWJUDQWV administered areas. In order to implement the
permits to tourist or passenger vehicles or goods Motor Vehicle Act of 1988 and to avoid loop-
carriages as per Inter-State Agreements. The Poles in tax collection, there are 15 check posts
District Regional Transport Authorities under in border areas of Attibele, Nangali, Bagepalli,
WKLV 6WDWH RIÀFH JUDQWV SHUPLW WR WKH WUDQVSRUW Gowribidanur, Gundlupet, Talapadi, Humnabad,
vehicles or re-new or cancel them. The Deputy Aland, Kagganahalli (Nippani), Ramanagar,
Commissioner is the chairman of the District with Jhalaki, Rayalpad, Chikkahole dam, Hagari, and
Superintendent of Police as member and Regional Kagawadi. During 2010-11, Rs.6,956 lakhs of
7UDQVSRUW2IÀFHUDV([2IÀFH6HFUHWDU\ revenue were collected through these check posts.
In accordance with section 56 of Motor Vehicles Due to the growth of cities and employment
Act of 1988, transport vehicles are expected to opportunities and the increased use of petrol and
possess permits and as such permits are issued diesel, in order to create public awareness on air
pollution, the month of November every year is
as per rules to transport vehicles during the
being celebrated as ‘air pollution control’ month,
Registration and within a stipulated time after
by the Transport department. In order to check air
LQVSHFWLRQ E\ WKH RIÀFHUV $FFRUGLQJO\ GXULQJ
pollution environmental friendly autorickshaws,
2010-11, 2,03,208 permits have been issued and
ZLWK IRXU VWURNH HQJLQH ÀWWHG ZLWK HOHFWURQLF
3,70,148 permits were renewed with a revenue
digital meter and in order to easily identify the
collection of Rs.19.07 crores.
upper part with light yellow and the lower portion
5HJLVWUDWLRQ &HUWLÀFDWH LVVXHG WR UHJLVWHUHG with green colour are encouraged by the Transport
non-transport vehicles as per section 41 of Motor department.
Vehicles Act 1988 valid for 15 years has to be
In accordance with Motor Vehicle Act 1957, tax
renewed for next 5 years. During 2010-11, 69,821
KDV EHHQ À[HG IRU DOO PRWRU YHKLFOHV VXLWDEOH WR
5HJLVWUDWLRQ &HUWLÀFDWHV KDYH EHHQ UHQHZHG DQG
use on road and persons owning 500 and more
Rs.1.09 crores of revenue was collected through
vehicles are categorized as Fleet Owners. The
IHHVDQGÀQHV
Transport Commisssioner has the authority to
This department is authorized to issue both À[ WD[ IRU WKHP ([FOXGLQJ WKH )OHHW YHKLFOHV
Driver’s and Conductor’s Licenses and by the 5HJLRQDO 7UDQVSRUW 2IÀFHUV DQG $VVLVWDQW
end of December 1990, 28,12,183 driver’s and 5HJLRQDO 7UDQVSRUW 2IÀFHUV KDYH SRZHUV WR À[
3,84,679 conductor’s licenses were issued. tax for other vehicles. The Karnataka State Road
Likewise, by December 2002, they went upto Transport Corporation is the only Fleet owner
35,56,560 and 7,30,797 respectively. They in the State. Life time tax is being imposed on
went on increasing and as on 2011 March there two wheelers, vehicles with 5,500 kg. of weight,
were 94,61,161 driving licenses and 7,23,016 passenger Auto-rickshaws including three
conductors licenses in the State. As on March wheeled vehicles, tractors used for agriculture,
trailor, cars, jeeps, Omnibus of 5 Sq. meter and
492 2008, they had gone upto 62,71,528 and 9,45,869
respectively. Under the scheme of issuing Plastic private service vehicles. Green tax is imposed
on non-transport vehicles of more than 15 years injuries. During 2004-05 due to 38,869 accidents,
and the tax collected is being used for control of 6,497 persons died and 50,395 persons were
air pollution activities under the guidance of the injured. In that year Bengaluru district with 9,249
COMMUNICATIONS
TRANSPORT AND
Government. accident cases, resulting in 912 deaths and 6,999
As per the Central Govt. Motor Vehicle Act of 1989, injuries. During the year 2010 and 2011, there
to check air pollution, Transport Department has were accidents with 775 and 751 deaths as well
made Smoke Emission Control Test compulsory in as 3,363 and 3,003 accidents with no loss of lives,
the State since 1993 and as a result, there were 468 respectively.
Smoke Emission Checking Centres in the State,
Public Conveyance : Prior to 1948, public
of which 288 are in Bengaluru. Since January
conveyance was solely in the hands of private
1998, the government has restricted issuing Auto
entrepreneurs. In earlier times, bullock,
permits in Bengaluru City. Auto-rickshaw drivers’
buffaloes, ass and horses were the main means of
accident relief fund has been created to provide
a relief of Rs.50,000 to the family of the auto transport. Kavadis and Bullock Carts were used
drivers who die or permanently become disabled to carry goods. Bullock Carts and Horse Carriages
due to accidents. The department has earned WUDQVSRUWHG SHRSOH ,Q 3XEOLF 7UDIÀF
revenue of Rs.320 crores at the end of December Control act was implemented in Mysuru and in
1999 and by the end of March 2011, the revenue 1920, there were already private buses serving
rose to Rs.2,512 crores. Computerization of the the public. Around 1935, their number was 100.
department is under progress. Radio Taxi facilities 7KH0\VXUX7UDIÀF%RDUGVWDUWHGLQ LQROG
being introduced in Bengaluru city to provide Mysuru area controlled the public conveyance.
better transport facilities to the public and 126
radio taxis are serving on the roads of Bengaluru. After independence, when nationalization
It is proposed to provide the same facility even to of roads was initiated in 1948, Mysuru State
the other important towns like Mysuru, Hubballi, Road Transport Department (MGRTD) came
Dharwad and Belagavi. As per the motor vehicle into existence on 12th September 1948 with 20
act, the department is insisting on the adoption buses. By 1949, it had 120 buses covering 81
of speed breakers to transport and goods vehicles schedules and 15,000 km. road mileage catering
and has made it compulsory from 2008. But the to 4000 passengers. Although the nationalization
Goods vehicle owners have expressed their dis of Road Transport in Hyderabad State had been
satisfaction over this issue. initiated as early as 1936, with the Hyderabad
Nizam railway and the State Road Transport
During 2012-13, the Transport Department
Department established during 1932, its impact
has further planned to control overloading in
goods vehicles, weigh-in motion systems at was very limited. Contrary to this, in Bombay
Kognolli and Humnabad border Check posts Presidency nationalization of Road Transport
will be established. Online collection of vehicle was implemented in 1948, was extended even to
registration data from authorized dealers for Belagavi Division in 1950 with the name “State
rendering speedy services will be introduced. 7UDQVSRUW&RUSRUDWLRQµ$WWKHWLPHRI8QLÀFDWLRQ
7R WHVW WKH VNLOO RI WKH FDQGLGDWHV VFLHQWLÀFDOO\ in 1956, it received 825 buses and 778 scheduled
and accurately before granting them driving routes from Bombay, Hyderabad and Old Mysuru
license, automated driving test track at Hassan, States. By 1957 it ranked fourth at national level
Kalaburagi and Bengaluru (Electronic city) RTOs with 1,100 buses under its control. As per the
jurisdiction will be established. Vehicle Inspection Central Road Transport Corporation Act of 1950,
DQG&HUWLÀFDWLRQ&HQWUHVDW0\VXUXDQG'KDUZDG this department became a Corporation of 1961
RTOs jurisdiction will be established. For these and after 1973 came to be called as Karnataka
initiatives, Rs.30 crore is being provided. Midway State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC). By
Plaza facilities will be established at important LW UDQNHG ÀIWK DW QDWLRQDO OHYHO ZLWK ÀYH
locations. Rs.30 crore is being provided for setting
5HJLRQDO2IÀFHVORFDWHGDW%HQJDOXUX 0\VXUX
up truck terminals.
Belagavi and Kalaburagi, having control over 12
Road Accidents: Road accidents occurred divisions and 68 depots. It has 5700 passenger
GXULQJ WKH ODVW ÀYH \HDUV DUH DODUPLQJ 'XULQJ buses covering 3,855 scheduled routes of 11.20
2001-02, there were 33,000 accidents resulting lakh km. route mileage per day and providing
493
in 5,805 deaths and 42,193 persons suffered service to 20.9 lakh passengers.
In November 1985, the process of nationalisation
of road was completed in Kalaburagi, Bidar,
Vijayapura, Ballari, Hassan and Raichur districts
KARNATAKA
and partial nationalisation being undertaken
HAND BOOK OF
in the districts of Kolar, Bengaluru {Rural and
Urban}, Mysuru and Chikkamagaluru. By 1991,
.657& KDG 5HJLRQDO RIÀFHV GLYLVLRQV DQG
91 Depot with 7,602 scheduled routes and 8,824
buses, with an annual income of 404.82 crores.
As on March 1997, the KSRTC had 19 divisions,
109 depots with 8,493 schedules, 13,273 routes
of 9.491 lakh km. route and 31.01 lakhs of daily
BMTC Bus Stand, Majestic Bengaluru
km. service to the public with daily revenue of
Rs. 350.38 lakhs. On 15th August 1997, the The Karnataka State Road Transport
government divided KSRTC into KSRTC (Old Corporation with Bengaluru as its headquarters,
Mysuru-Hyderabad area), Bengaluru Metropolitan has been operating in 17 districts of Southern
Transport Corporation (BMTC) (Bengaluru City); Karnataka, with 12 divisions, 66 bus depots, 10
and on 1-11-1997, the North Western Karnataka workshops, one press, 3 training centres and 124
Road Transport Corporation (NWKRTC) with its bus stations, providing transport service to 13,330
headquarters at Hubballi, Gadag, Uttara Kannada, YLOODJHVZLWKDZRUNIRUFHRIDQGÁHHWVL]HRI
Belagavi, Vijayapura and Bagalkot divisions was 7,783,. The Corporation has earned a revenue of
inaugurated. Rs.1,746 crores in 2009-10 and Rs.2,078 crores
in 2010-11. It is providing safe transport service
Bengaluru Metropolitan Transport Corporation in Tumakuru and Hassan districts. It is operating
(BMTC) separated from KSRTC on 15-08-1997, is 25.74 lakh kms, per day earning a daily revenue
entrusted with the work of serving the public of of Rs.6.71 crore, carrying 25 lakh commuters and
Bengaluru Metropolitan City with sincerity and also providing services to 13,330 villages out of
punctuality. Prior to its separation, it was looked 20,196 villages in the State. It is paying 5.5 per
after by Bengaluru city Transports (North and FHQW RI 0RWRU YHKLFOH WD[ RQ WUDIÀF UHYHQXH DQG
South divisions) through 13 depots with 1,839 during the year 2011-12 it has paid Motor vehicle
schedules, 1,991 buses and a central workshop.
tax of Rs.116.83 crores.
BMTC covers Bengaluru city with 30km. radius
and by March 1998 it had 2,088 buses and 1,934 The reservation system is networked and
schedules (740 city 925 sub-urban and 269 computerized and tickets can be availed at
Pushpak schedules) with 4,42,953 scheduled designated kiosks in towns and cities. An online
route km. to its credit. In 2005 it has operated reservation system called “AWAAR” has also been
VFKHGXOHV ZLWK D ÁHHW VWUHQJWK RI devised by KSRTC for public use. It is plying
buses through 17 depots, 3 major bus stations, different category of buses viz., Airavatha (Volvo),
8 sub-bus stations and one central workshop. Mayura, Rajahamsa, semi luxury, Meghadhoota
Its total revenue for the year 1999-2000 was semi-delux, Sheethal, Ambari, Mercedes Benz,
Rs.20,425.84 lakhs and is running under Airavatha Club class, Moffusil Non-stop and Rural
SURÀW 'XULQJ .657& KDV XQGHU JRQH Transport services.
further bifurcation and as a result the North-
The North East Karnataka Road Transport
Eastern Karnataka Road Transport Corporation
Corporation has Kalaburagi as its headquarters
(NEKRTC), a separate independent corporation for
with eight divisions, 43 bus depots, one Regional
Hyderbad-Karnataka area with its head quarters
Workshop, two training centres and 113 bus
at Kalaburagi has come into existence. As a
stations. The Corporation earned revenue of Rs.
result, at present, KSRTC, BMTC, NWKRTC and
663 crores in 2009-10 and Rs. 864 crores in 2010-
NEKRTC are administering the transport services
11. It provides transport facilities to Hyderabad-
along with Private Agencies in the State. Daily
Karnataka region including Vijayapura Division.
city passes introduced at Bengaluru and Mysuru
The Corporation is operating 3,496 routes at the
cities have received good public response. Besides
end of September 2012. It operates 12.20 lakh
494 the 7 days tourist pass scheme introduced the kms per day with an average daily passengers
transport corporation is also noteworthy.
FDUULHG DW ODNK 7KH RSHUDWLQJ WUDIÀF The Bengaluru Metropolitan Transport
revenue has increased by 12.27 per cent in 2012- Corporation (BMTC) is providing bus transport
13 (end of September 2012) as compared to 2011- facilities in Bengaluru. It has been operating in
COMMUNICATIONS
TRANSPORT AND
HQGRI6HSWHPEHU 7KHSURÀWHDUQHGE\ two categories as city transport and sub-urban
the Corporation at the end of September 2,012, WUDQVSRUW FRPSULVLQJ RI ÀYH GLYLVLRQV VXFK DV
amounts to Rs. 1.75 crore as against to Rs. 2.68 East, West, North, South and Volvo. Various
crore loss incurred at the end of September 2011. models of Vajra, Vayu Vajra, Pushpak, Suvarna,
The North West Karnataka State Road Transport Big-10, Big circle, Atal transport, Marcopolo,
Corporation, has Hubballi as its headquarters, A.C., Metro Feeder Transport service are being
with 7 divisions, 46 bus depots, 136 bus stations provided to commuters. It has 37 bus depots and
and Regional Workshop and training centre at 48 bus stations. During 2009-10 and 2010-11,
Hubballi. Belagavi, Dharwad, Uttara Kannada, the Corporation has earned a revenue of Rs.1,131
Bagalkot, Vijayapura, Gadag, and Haveri districts crores and Rs.1,329 crores respectively. As on 30-
with 44 taluks and 4,596 villages coming under 09-2012, the Corporation operated 2,405 routes
its jurisdiction providing transport service to covering 12.60 lakh kms per day. The average
4,428 villages. Apart from city and rural transport number of passengers carried per day is 48 lakhs,
service it has provided Veghadhoot, Rajahamsa, The increase is by 10.35 per cent to the average
Meghadhoota, Volvo and sleeper coach bus number of passengers carried per day as on 30-
services in various State and Inter-State routes. ,WVWUDIÀFUHYHQXHLQFUHDVHGE\SHU
The revenue earned during 2009-10 and 2010- cent at the end of September 2012-13 as compared
11 was Rs.961 crores and Rs.1,032 crores to the end of 2011-12.
respectively. During 2012-13 (end of September
2012) the Corporation has a workforce of about ,Q RUGHU WR UHGXFH WUDIÀF FRQJHVWLRQ DQG DLU
21,772 employees, operating 14.29 lakhs kms pollution and to create public awareness for the
GDLO\ E\ XWLOL]LQJ ÁHHW VWUHQJWK RI ZLWK use of public transport, 4th February 2010, has
average vehicle utilisation of 345 kms daily and been observed as ‘Bus day’ and from that day
catering to 21.05 lakh passengers on an average. onwards, on 4th of every month is being observed
The total loss incurred by NWKRTC in 2011-12 as ‘Bus day’. The following table reveal its status,
has reduced to Rs.23.43 crore from Rs.30.44 as prevailed in September 2012. For more details
crore in 2010-11. see Table 7.21.
7DEOH3DVVHQJHUÁHHWVWUHQJWKDQG8WLOLVDWLRQE\GLIIHUHQW&RUSRUDWLRQV
2011-12 2012-13 (Upto September 2012)
Item
KSRTC BMTC NWKRTC NEKRTC KSRTC BMTC NWKRTC NEKRTC
No. of Buses at the end of the year 7749 6449 4403 4538 7783 6466 4744 4344
Percentage of over aged Buses 4.70 4.80 15 .90 11.60 5.70 6.50 15.80 11.50
Fleet utilisation (Percentage) 91.9 94.2 94.4 89.0 91.9 90.6 92.9 89.6
Buses run by private persons are allowed to Controlled 6/8 lane expressways for the state.
operate in few districts of Karnataka. Inter district 7KHVH H[SUHVVZD\V DUH *UHHQÀHOG SURMHFWV IRU
transportation are run by private operators, which fresh land will be acquired and new
connecting capital Bengaluru and main cities like alignment will be drawn. These roads will have
Mangaluru and Dharwad to district head quarters. different alignments and it will not overlap the
Intra district transportation by private operators existing national highways on the same route.
is currently allowed in Dakshina-Kannada and The proposed expressways are Mangaluru-
Udupi districts. Omni bus and Maxi cabs are also Karwar-Panaji (400 km). Honnavar-Shivamogga-
other modes of road transportation in the state, Bengaluru (325 km). Chitradurga-Solapur
especially where KSRTC does not run buses or (400 km). Bengaluru-Mangaluru (360 km). and
run very few. Union Ministry of Road Transport Bengaluru-Coimbatore (402 km). 495
DQG +LJKZD\V KDV SURSRVHG *UHHQÀHOG $FFHVV
Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation districts of Karnataka and provides bus service
(KSRTC): KSRTC was established in 1961 to to 16,093 villages (nationalized sector-7,319 and
SURYLGH HIÀFLHQW DGHTXDWH HFRQRPLF DQG ZHOO non-nationalised-8,774). Out of 20792 villages,
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
co-ordinated transport services to commuters. services are provided to 77.4 per cent. During
,W KDV LWV KHDG RIÀFH LQ %HQJDOXUX 7KH *RYW RI the year 2017-18, the Corporation has operated
Karnataka decided to divide the Corporation into 10,487.54 lakh kms. as against 9,848.78 lakh
four separate Corporations on regional basis to kms. which was operated during 2016-17. The
IXOÀOO WKH GLYHUVH QHHGV RI FRPPXWHUV WKURXJK SHUFHQWDJHÁHHWXWLOL]DWLRQLQFUHDVHGWR SHU
HIIHFWLYH DQG HIÀFLHQW VHUYLFHV $FFRUGLQJO\ cent during 2017-18 from 90.8 per cent which
KSRTC was bifurcated into BMTC on 15-08- was realized during the year 2016-17. During
1997 (for Bengaluru city), NWKRTC on 01-11- 2017-18 the Corporation has inducted 1,514 new
1997 (for North Western Districts of Karnataka) buses and replaced 1,041 old vehicles which were
and NEKRTC on 01-10-2000 (for North Eastern QRWÀWIRURSHUDWLRQ
Districts of Karnataka). KSRTC remained as an
The percentage of vehicles scrapped to the
independent Corporation with effect from October
total vehicles was 11.9 per cent. The details of
-2000.
SDVVHQJHUÁHHWVWUHQJWKDQGXWLOL]DWLRQLVJLYHQLQ
.657& ZLWK LWV &RUSRUDWH RIÀFH DW %HQJDOXUX Table 7.22.
has in its jurisdiction seventeen southern
7DEOH3DVVHQJHU ÁHHW 6WUHQJWKDQGUtilization
Sl. 2017-18 2018-19
Particulars 2016-17 2017-18
No. (upto Nov.) (upto Nov.)
1 No. of buses at the end of the year 8326 8784 8680 8713
2 % of over aged buses 25.2 29.1 30.9 28.8
3 ÀHHWXWLOL]DWLRQ 90.8 92.6 92.3 91.4
As on 30-11-2018, it had 17 divisions (16 utilization decreased to 91.4 from 92.3 which
operating divisions and Kempegowda Bus Station), was achieved during last year period. During the
83 depots, two Regional Workshops, one Central current year it has inducted 333 new buses and
and three Regional Training Institutes, one UHSODFHG ROG YHKLFOHV ZKLFK ZHUH QRW ÀW IRU
printing press and a hospital. It operated 8,168 operation. The percentage of vehicles scrapped to
Schedules utilizing 8,713 vehicles, operating the total vehicles was 3.9.
28.86 lakh kms/day earning gross revenue of Rs.
'HWDLOV RI \HDU ZLVH ÁHHW KHOG QHZ YHKLFOHV
965.98 lakh and carrying 28.89 lakh commuters
inducted from 2013-14 to 2018-19 (Upto Nov-
daily with workforce of 38,083 employees.
2018). The physical performance statistics of
Thus KSRTC operated 7,042.37 lakh effective KSRTC for the year 2016-17, 2016-17 (upto
kms. (April-2018 to November-2018) as against November-2016), 2017-18 (upto November-2017)
6,959.28 lakh effective kms. operated during the and 2018-19 (upto November-2018) are furnished
VDPHSHULRGRISUHYLRXV\HDU7KHSHUFHQWDJHÁHHW in Table 7.23.
Table 7.23 Operational Performance Statistics of KSRTC
2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 % Change
Sl. (upto (upto (upto
Particulars 2016-17 2017-18 in 2018-19 to 2017-18
No.
30-11-16) 30-11-17) 30-11-18) (upto November)
1 No. of Buses at the end of the year 8326 8784 8287 8680 8713 0.4
2 % of over aged buses 25.2 33.4 22.0 32.0 28.8 --
Routes operated at the end of the year
3 5899 5774 5888 5658 6106 7.9
(No.)
Route length at the end of the year. (in
4 5.54 5.59 5.43 5.39 5.75 6.7
kms)
496 5 Avg. eff. Kms. operated /day (in lakh) 26.98 28.73 26.52 28.52 28.86 1.2
6 Avg. pass. carried/day (in lakh) 27.28 29.68 26.30 27.91 28.89 3.5
COMMUNICATIONS
7 Avg. number of buses held 8212.0 8549.1 8145.2 8500.0 8770.4 3.1
TRANSPORT AND
8 Avg. number of buses on road 7437.7 7915.2 7338.8 7845.5 8014.7 2.2
9 Percentage of Fleet utilization 90.8 92.6 90.1 92.3 91.4 -
10 Avg. vehicle utilization (in kms.) 363 363 362 364 360 -1.1
11 Crew duty (in kms.) 98 101 99 100 101 1.0
12 Total Gross receipts (Rs. in crores) 3173.51 3487.29 2143.08 1988.88 2084.11 4.8
13 Avg. seating capacity 50.7 50.7 51.4 50.7 51.5 --
14 Percentage of Load factor 67.8 69.7 68.1 69.1 71.8 --
15 Bus staff ratio (on sch.) 4.79 4.69 4.76 4.75 4.66 -1.9
Total Vehicles (Including Scrapped
16 9014 9825 8657 9349 9383 0.4
Vehicles)
Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19.
Financial Performance : During the year 2017-
WKH&RUSRUDWLRQPDGHDSURÀWRI5VFURUHV
as against a loss of Rs.177.08 crores during
7KHÀQDQFLDOVWDWLVWLFVRI.657&IRUWKH
year 2016-17, 2016-17 (upto November-2016).
2017-18 (upto November-2017) and 2018-19
(upto November-2018). KSRTC has to pay 5.55
SHU FHQW RI WUDIÀF UHYHQXH DV PRWRU YHKLFOH WD[
During the year 2017-18, the corporation has paid
motor vehicle tax of Rs.166.83 crores. During the
year 2017-18, the Corporation by utilizing its
internal resources and grants released by the
Government under SDP/KGIDF/SCSP/TSP has Metro Station, M.G. Road, Bengaluru
taken up 178 works at an approximate cost of
Rs.10,297.37 lakhs and completed 124 works
and spent Rs. 8,686.97 lakhs.
Awards bagged by KSRTC : During the
year 2017-18 KSRTC has bagged the following
awards which are as under, Connect Karo
Award, UITP award, HUDCO Award, Social
Media for Empowerment Award, M3 Marketing
Award, Greentech HR Award, India Bus Awards-
Environment, India Bus Awards-Best Transport
Service ITS, Project Managers Institute Award,
World-wide Achievers Business Awards, Prawas Metro Near M.G. Road, Bengaluru
Excellence Award, ASRTU National Transport
Excellence Award, SKOCH Order of Merit- Year, Sarige Sampada-PRCI Corporate Collateral
Prakruthi, SKOCH Order of Merit-VTMS, SKOCH Award, Radio Jingle-PRCI Corporate Collateral
Order of Merit-ITS, SKOCH Order of Merit-City Award.
Bus Services, IRU Awards-2017, Business World Bengaluru Metropolitan Transport
Smart City Award, CMAK Best Practice Award, Corporation (BMTC) : The BMTC, formerly was
PRCI Chanakya Award Corporate Idea of The 497
known as BTS (Bengaluru Transport Service),
comprising 2 Divisions headed by the Director The operational jurisdiction of BMTC went
and meanwhile, as per the order of the Govt. vide beyond BBMP limits by 25 kms of Bengaluru,
GO No.HTD/127/TRA/96 dtd:07.08.1997, the thus providing services to commuters in and
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
Bengaluru Metropolitan Transport Corporation around sub-urban of Bengaluru city. During
(BMTC) was formed as a separate and 2018-19 (Up to Nov-18) BMTC has operated
independent Corporation with effect from 15-08- ODNK NPV SHU GD\ ZLWK D ÁHHW RI
1997 after bifurcating from the MSRTC/KSRTC, and work force of 34,002 earning on an average
which is functioning since 1961. 5VFURUHVRIWUDIÀFUHYHQXHE\SURYLGLQJ
Consequent upon the formation of BMTC, the transportation facility to 45 lakh commuters. The
organization was structured to function under a Corporation has also inducted 279 new buses and
two-tier administrative system- viz., Depots and scrapped 325 old vehicles. Table 7.24 shows the
&RUSRUDWH2IÀFHDW%HQJDOXUX0HDQZKLOHGXULQJ GHWDLOVRISDVVHQJHUÁHHWVWUHQJWKDQGXWLOL]DWLRQ
2011-12, the system was switched over to three 7KH RSHUDWLRQDO SHUIRUPDQFH DQG ÀQDQFLDO
tier system viz, Depots, Divisions and Corporate statistics of BMTC for the year 2016-17, 2017-18
RIÀFHZLWKDYLHZWRKDYHFORVHUOLDLVRQDQGEHWWHU and 2018-19 (Upto Nov-18) are furnished in the
operational control. Again since April-17, the Table 7.25.
administrative system switched over to two-tier.
Table 7.24 Passenger Fleet Strength and Utilization
Sl. No. Particulars 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 (Up to Nov-18)
1 No. of buses at the end of the year 6157 6677 6631
2 % of over aged buses 22.7 15.1 19.1
3 % of Fleet utilization 89.0 87.5 82.8
Table 7.25 Operational Performance Statistics of BMTC
Sl. 2017-18 2018-19 % age vari-
Particulars 2016-17 2017-18
No. (upto 30-11-17) (upto 30-11-18) ation
1 Routes operated at the end of the year (No.) 2319 2250 2285 2265 -0.9
Route length at the end of the year (lakh
2 0.56 0.55 0.55 0.55 -
kms.)
Average Effective kms. Operated per day
3 11.52 14.41 11.49 11.28 -1.8
(lakhs)
Avg. number of passengers carried/day ( in
4 45.34 44.37 44.37 45.00 1.4
lakhs)
5 Avg. number of buses held 6269.7 6394.3 6333.8 6718.0 6.1
6 Avg. number of buses on road 5579.4 5597.6 5610.0 5562.7 -0.8
7 % of Fleet utilization 89.0 87.5 88.6 82.8 -6.5
8 Avg. Vehicle utilization (in kms.) 206.5 203.8 204.9 202.7 -1.1
9 7RWDOWUDI¿FUHFHLSWV 5VLQFURUH 1770.47 1749.51 1195.25 1237.83 3.6
10 Avg. seating capacity. 42.8 41.6 42.1 41.3 -1.9
Average seat capacity utilization (Rs. in
11 721.80 789.57 455.79 453.47 -0.5
crore)
12 Bus staff ratio 5.6 5.1 5.4 5.6 3.7
Total Vehicles (including scrapped vehicle)
13 6500 7557 6847 6956 1.6
498 (Nos.)
Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19
Awards bagged by BMTC for the year 2018-19 4,609 villages, the percentage service provided
1. Excellence in Bus Safety Measures 2018 - being 98.0 per cent. As on 30-11-2018 it had one
Public City Transport FHQWUDORIÀFHGLYLVLRQDORIÀFHVGHSRWV
COMMUNICATIONS
TRANSPORT AND
bus stations, one regional Workshop and one
2. Emobility Award 2018
Regional Training Institute.
3. Urban Mobility Award
During the year 2017-18, Corporation incurred
North Western Karnataka Road Transport loss of Rs.71.97 crores as against the losses of Rs.
Corporation (NWKRTC): NWKRTC was 119.56 crores sustained during 2016-17. During
established on 01-11-1997, and has been 2018-19 (up to 30-11-2018) loss increased to
SURYLGLQJ HIÀFLHQW DGHTXDWH HFRQRPLF DQG Rs. 190.40 crores from Rs.153.54 crores during
well Co-ordinated transport services to the the corresponding period of the previous year. It
FRPPXWHUV,WKDVLWV&RUSRUDWH2IÀFHDW+XEEDOOL is mainly due to hike in diesel cost & staff cost.
and covers six districts in the north Karnataka. NWKRTC is operating both city and mofussil
During 2018-19 (up to Nov-2018), the Corporation services apart from premier services such as
has a workforce of about 23,251 employees, it Rajahamsa, Sleeper Coach and Volvo buses.
operated 4,663 schedules utilizing 4,886 vehicles,
operating 16.17 lakh kms per day, earning gross The operational performance of NWKRTC for the
revenue of Rs.492.89 lakh and carrying 22.45 year 2016-17, 2017-18 and 2018-19 (Upto Nov-
lakh passengers on an average daily. NWKRTC 2018) are furnished in Table 7.26.
has extended services to 4,519 villages out of
Table 7.26 Operational Performance Statistics of NWKRTC
Sl. 2017-18 (Upto 2018-19 (Upto %
Particulars 2016-17 2017-18
No. 30-11-2017) 30-11-2018) Variation
1 No. of buses at the end of the period 5055 5048 5001 4886 -2.3
2 % of Over aged buses (7.50 lakh kms) 49.3 52.5 53.1 55.1
3 Routes operated at the end of the year (No.) 4080 4126 4062 4095 0.8
4 Route length at the end of the year (in lakhs) 3.77 3.68 3.77 3.80 0.8
5 Avg. Eff. kms operated/ day (in lakhs) 16.04 16.56 16.70 16.17 -3.2
6 Avg. passengers carried / day (in lakhs) 22.62 22.50 22.50 22.45 -0.2
7 Avg. number of buses held 4801.9 4999.8 4741.7 5002.5 5.5
8 Avg. number of buses on road 4569.7 4757.7 4496.0 4783.5 6.4
9 % of Fleet utilisation 95.2 95.2 95.6 94.7
10 Avg. Vehicle Utilisation (in kms.) 351 348 349 347 -0.6
11 7RWDO7UDI¿FUHFHLSWV(Rs. in crores) 1495.27 1589.59 1075.13 1119.37 4.1
12 Avg. Seating capacity. 52 52 52 52 0.0
13 % of Load Factor 58.2 61.3 61.5 66.1
14 Bus Staff Ratio 4.81 4.70 4.78 4.76
15 Total Vehicles (Including Scrapped Vehicles 5389 5618 5303 5142 -3.0
held)
Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19
The awards received by NWKRTC recently: 2. National Public Transport Excellence
1. Prawaas Excellence Award-2017: NWKRTC Award-2017: NWKRTC, was adjudged as the best
has been awarded with National level “Prawaas transport corporation and awarded with National
Excellence Award-2017” for its participation Public Transport Excellence Award-2017 and also
in the section “Excellence in managing rural prize money of Rs. 2,50,000/- from the Association
connectivity” and for achievements in the of States Road Transport Undertakings, Delhi, for
development and current transport facility having “Best HR Practices”, i.e. for implementing
provided in rural area and plans incorporated for “Smart Leave Application Management System”
499
the future. software for availing leave to the staff of Depots
and maintaining the transparency in all the LQ WKH \HDU WR SURYLGH DGHTXDWH HIÀFLHQW
depots of the Corporation. reliable and economically viable transport facility
to the travelling public of the north eastern region of
3. Skoch Mobility Award-2017: NWKRTC
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
has been awarded with “Skoch Order of Merit Karnataka State. It has jurisdiction over 7 revenue
Award-2017” from Skoch Group of Services, for districts viz., Kalaburagi, Bidar, Yadgir, Raichur,
Best HR practices i.e. for implementing “Smart Ballari, Koppala and Vijayapura. NEKRTC has
Leave Application Management System”, software its Corporate Head Quarters at Kalaburagi and it
for availing leave to the staff of Depots and had 9-Operating Divisions, 52-Bus Depots, 147-
maintaining the transparency in all the 49 depots Bus stands, 9-Divisional Workshop, 1-Regional
of the Corporation. The award was distributed on Workshop, and 2-Regional Training Institutes
21st Dec 2017 in New Delhi. (Humnabad and Hagaribommanalli) in its
administrative area.
4. Skoch Mobility Award-2017: NWKRTC
has been awarded with “Skoch Order of Merit Physical performance : During the year 2018-
Award-2017” from Skoch group Services, for the 19 (upto November-18), the Corporation operated
safety measures taken for all staff working in the 4,190 schedules utilizing 4,857 vehicles, inducted
XQLWVUHJLRQDOZRUNVKRSDQGGLYLVLRQDORIÀFHVRI 494 new vehicles and scrapped 358 old vehicles
the Corporation . The award was distributed on ZKLFK ZHUH QRW ÀW IRU RSHUDWLRQ ,W LV RSHUDWLQJ
21st Dec 2017 in New Delhi. 14.05 lakh km and earning daily gross revenue of
North Eastern Karnataka Road Transport Rs.4.56 crore The details of operational statistics
Corporation (NEKRTC) : NEKRTC was established are given in Table 7.27.
Table 7.27 Operational Performance Statistics of NEKRTC
Sl 2016-17 2017- 18 2018-19
upto %
Item 2016-17 2017-18 upto upto
No Variation.
30-11-16 30-11-17 30-11-18
1 Routes operated at the end of the year (No.) 3948 4159 3820 3948 4159 5.3
2 Routes length at the end of the year (lakh kms.) 3.93 3.98 3.84 3.93 3.98 1.3
3 Average Effective kms. operated per day (lakh) 13.30 13.83 13.13 13.69 14.05 2.6
4 Average Number of passengers carried per day (lakh) 13.50 13.52 13.45 13.50 13.55 0.4
5 Average number of buses held per day (No.) 4384.8 4501.1 4393.7 4465.6 4760.7 6.6
6 Average number of buses on-road per day (No.) 3969.0 4407.4 3941.6 4036.9 4123.4 2.1
7 Average Fleet utilization (% ) 90.5 90.5 89.7 90.4 86.6 -4.2
8 Avg. Vehicle Utilization (in kms) 335 340 333 339 341 0.6
9 7RWDOWUDI¿FUHFHLSWV 5VLQFURUH 1324.71 1415.50 890.77 949.17 1021.45 7.6
10 Average seating capacity 50.6 51.5 52.0 51.0 51.0 0.0
Average seating capacity utilization in buses on road (Load
11 64.1 65.8 62.8 63.9 69.9 9.39
factor) (% )
12 *Schedule-Staff ratio (on schedule as on 31st March) 4.94 4.74 5.05 4.86 4.73 -2.7
st
Total vehicles (including scrapped vehicles as on 31 March)
13 4879 5538 4497 4999 5215 4.3
(No.)
Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19
Awards to NEKRTC : Devaraj Urs Truck Terminal Corporation:
1. During 2017-18, NEKRTC got “SKOTCH Order In order to provide facilities for lorry/truck
of Merit” for providing better basic amenities transportation, on National Highways of
at work place and welfare facilities to the Bengaluru and other cities of the State, the State
employees. Government has established Devaraj Urs Truck
Terminals Ltd., Company under the Companies
2. During 2017-18, NEKRTC bagged the national Act of 1956 and truck terminals were constructed
level India Bus Safety Award for excellence in in Mysuru, Dharwad, Bengaluru, Hospet and
Bus Safety measures. Hubballi. Apart from this, it is proposed to
500
construct truck terminals in prominent cities of
Hassan, Chikkamagaluru, Raichur, Mangaluru, consists of four extensions to the existing lines
Kalaburagi, Belagavi, Gadag, Kolar, Shivamogga, and two new lines. The total length of Phase-2 is
Davanagere and Chitradurga. 72.095 km with 61 stations (49 Elevated and 12
COMMUNICATIONS
TRANSPORT AND
Underground).
Namma Metro : The Project is being implemented
through a Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) Bengaluru The estimated project cost is Rs.26,405.14
Metro Rail Corporation Limited (BMRCL), with an Crore. The details of summary of breakup of cost
equal share holding owned by Government of India for new lines are given in the Table 7.28.
and Government of Karnataka. Bengaluru Metro
Table 7.28 Summary of breakup of costs for
Rail Project Phase-1 is having a track length of
new lines
42.3 kms, the Project cost is Rs.13,845.01 crore
Estimated
and it is having two corridors. Length of
Completion
Name of the Line the
Cost
The East-West corridor is 18.10 km. long, line in km
(Rs. in crore)
starting from Baiyappanahalli and terminating at Baiyappanahalli to ITPL -
the Mysuru Road Terminal. The stations coming 15.500 4845.00
:KLWH¿HOG
along this corridor are Baiyappanahalli, Swamy
Mysuru Road Terminal to
Vivekananda Road, Indiranagar, Halasuru, Kengeri
6.465 1867.95
Trinity, Mahatma Gandhi Road, Cubbon Park,
Hesaraghatta Cross to
Dr.B.R.Ambedkar, Vidhana Soudha, Sir M. BIEC
3.770 1168.22
Visvesvaraya Stn. Central College, Nadaprabhu
Yelachenahalli to Anjana-
Kempegowda Station Majestic, Kranthiveera pura Township
6.290 1765.88
Sangolli Rayanna Railway Station, Magadi Road, R.V. Road to Bomma-
18.820 5744.09
Shri Balagangadharanath Swamiji Stn., Hosahalli, sandra
Vijayanagar, Attiguppe, Deepanjalinagar, Mysuru Gottigere to Nagawara 21.250 11014.00
Road Terminal Stations.
Total 72.095 26405.14
The 24.20 km. North-South Corridor begins Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19
at Nagasandra Terminal and terminates
at Yelachenahalli Terminal. The stations STATUS OF PHASE-2 :
coming along this corridor are Nagasandra, 7KHGHWDLOVRISK\VLFDODQGÀQDQFLDOSURJUHVVXSWR
Dasarahalli, Jalahalli, Peenya Industry, Peenya, end of Nov-2018 is 26 per cent. Physical progress
Goruguntepalya, Yeshwanthpur, Sandal Soap are as below:
Factory, Mahalakshmi, Rajajinagar, Srirampura,
Mahakavi Kuvempu Road, Mantri Square x 5HDFK ([WQ%DL\DSSDQDKDOOL WR :KLWHÀHOG
Sampige Road, Nadaprabhu Kempegowda 15.500 kms. civil works are under progress.
Station Majestic, City Market, Krishna Rajendra x Reach-2 Extn-Mysuru Road to Kengeri 6.465
Market, National College, Lalbagh, South kms. civil works are under progress.
End Circle, Jayanagar, Rashtriya Vidyalaya
x Reach-3 Extn-Nagasandra to BIEC 3.770 kms
Road, Banashankari, Jayaprakash Nagar,
.civil works are under progress.
Yelachenahalli Stations.
x Reach-4 Extn-Yelachenahalli to Anjanapura
The Phase-1 of the Bengaluru Metro Rail Project
Township 6.290 kms. civil works are under
works are completed in stages from 2011 and
progress.
commercial operations are started. Entire Phase-1
project has been completed on 17.06.2017. Three x Reach-5 New Line-From R.V. Road to
metros with 6 coach each is under operation Bommasandra 18.820 kms civil works are
in East-West corridor and it is programmed to under progress.
convert all 3 metros in to 6 coaches by March x Reach-6 (Elevated)-From Gottigere to dairy
-2019. Daily on an average 4 lakhs passengers circle 7.250 kms. civil works are under
are traveling. progress.
Bengaluru Metro Rail Project Phase-2: The x Reach-6 (Underground) From Dairy Circle to
Phase-2 of the Bengaluru Metro Rail Project was Nagawara 14.00 kms. civil tender works are
sanctioned by GOI in February 2014. The project 501
under progress.
The Phase-2 works are programmed to complete via Harihara. The Birur-Shivamogga-Bidare line
in stages from 2020 to June 2024. having distance of about 64 km., was constructed
by the Princely government itself in 1899. This
Bengaluru Metro Rail Project Phase-2A and
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
line linked Shivamogga with the Bengaluru-
Phase-2B: The Metro alignment for phase-2A
Harihara sections. For speedy execution of the
from Silk Board to K.R. Puram (Outer Ring Road)
works, State Railway Construction Department
17 kms length and for phase-2B from Nagawara
was setup in June 1912. The Mysuru-Arasikere
Metro Station to Kempegowda International
Metre-gauge line of 165 km. taken for construction
Airport Bengaluru 29.062 kms length has been
in 1916 was completed and commissioned in
approved by the Government of Karnataka.
1918. Due to the keen interest taken by the State
Presently, approval for revision of the scope, route
in developing the railway network, the total length
DOLJQPHQW HVWLPDWHG FRVW DQG ÀQDQFLQJ SODQ
of the railway line rose from 657.8 km. in 1911-12
is under process. Bengaluru Metro Rail Project
to 913 km. in 1923-24. Later Birur-Shivamogga
Phase-3: In 2018-19 Budget, feasibility study for
line was extended in stages upto Talguppa (1940),
105.55 km new lines are proposed.
a distance of about 161 km.
RAILWAYS
In Kalaburagi area, the Guntakal-Raichur-
7KHÀUVWUDLOZD\OLQHLQWKHROG0\VXUX$UHDZDV Kalaburagi-Sholapur l section was laid during
from Bengaluru to Madras (Broad-gauge-1,676 (5 1861-1871, to connect Bombay and Madras
ft. 6 in.) mm.), laid by the Madras Railway Company Presidences. Another Broad-gauge line, passing
DQG ZDV RSHQHG IRU WUDIÀF LQ $XJXVW ,Q from Wadi-Secunderbad via., Chitapur and Sedam
1877-78, construction work of another important (43 km. in Kalaburagi district) was commissioned
section, Bengaluru-Mysuru (Metre-gauge-1,000 IRUWUDIÀFLQDQGDYLWDOOLQNZDVHVWDEOLVKHG
(3 ft 3 38 in.) mm) line of about 138 km. long between Hyderabad, Madras and Bombay. The
was taken up and completed in three stages and Ballari-Hospet line was laid in 1884 followed by
commissioned in February 1882 by spending a the Metre-gauge track between Hubballi and
sum of Rs.55.48 lakhs. The Metre-gauge section Hospet laid in 1885 which linked the southern
between Bengaluru to Tumakuru was started in states. The broad-gauge line of the Vikarabad-
October 1882 and about 69 km. line was opened Parli-Baijnath section, runs through Bidar district
IRU WUDIÀF LQ /DWHU LW ZDV H[WHQGHG WR for a distance of l78.73 km., started operating
Gubbi (18 km.) in December 1884. The Southern since 1932.
Marata Railway undertook the construction work
of Harihara-Birur and Birur-Gubbi sections and Dakshina Kannada had only 12.87 km. railway
ERWK WKHVH VHFWLRQV ZHUH RSHQHG IRU WUDIÀF LQ track leading towards Madras before 1956, when
1889. The Pune-Harihara line traversing through the Hassan-Mangaluru railway line opened for
Belagavi and Dharwad districts was laid in 1882 WUDIÀF LQ WKH OHQJWK RI WKH UDLOZD\ OLQH LQ
and completed during 1887. Goa was linked up the district went up. Before 1951, the present
with Londa in Belagavi district. As a result, direct Karnataka State was served by the then Madras
link was established between Pune-Bengaluru and Southern Maratha Railway, the South Indian
Railway, Mysuru State Railway, Nizam’s State
Railway and Great Indian Peninsular Railway
systems. In 1951, the Railways were taken over
by the Central Government and Railway Zones
were formed. The southern Railway was formed
on 14-4-1951 with its headquarters at Madras;
and in October 1966 South-Central Zone, with its
headquarters at Secunderbad was created.
$WWKHWLPHRIXQLÀFDWLRQRIWKH6WDWHLQ WKH
length of Railway line was 2,595 km. Out of which
Broad-gauge was 352 km., Metre-gauge 2,080 and
Narrow gauge (762 (2 ft. 6 in) mm.) 163 km. The
Indian Railways have undertaken modernization
502
Old Railway Engine Railway Museum ,Mysuru and many development programmes for the
expansion of the railway network in the country. Protest in North Karnataka, its Headquarters was
Under the uni-gauge programme, 178 km. metre- shifted to Hubballi. It is one of the 17 railway
gauge tracks between Dharmavaram-Bengaluru zones in India. It comprises Bengaluru, Mysuru
COMMUNICATIONS
TRANSPORT AND
was converted into Broad-gauge and opened for divisions of the erstwhile Southern Railway and
WUDIÀF LQ -DQXDU\ 6LPLODUO\ WKH 0\VXUX the reorganized Hubballi division of the erstwhile
Bengaluru Broad-gauge line of 138.25 km. was South Central Railway which includes Hospet
RSHQHG IRU SXEOLF WUDIÀF RQ th April 1993 by and Ballari. The division came into existence on
spending a sum of Rs.134.26 crores. Railway April 1st 2003. It covers most of the railway
Workshop at Ashokapuram (Mysuru) is being lines in the state of Karnataka. Belagavi-
PRGLÀHG WR KDQGOH %URDGJDXJH UROOLQJ VWRFN Bagalkot-Raichur, Belagavi-Dharwad, Belagavi-
Some of the railway lines converted into Broad- Sawantwadi, Bagalkot-Kudachi, Kottur-Harihar,
JDXJHDQGRSHQHGIRUWUDIÀFDUH%HQJDOXUX&LW\ Kadur-Chikkamagalur-Sakleshpur, Munirabad
Yeshwanthpur-Yelahanka (17.50 km.), Ballari- -Mehboobnagar, Tumakuru - Chitradurga
Rayadurga (54km.), Bengaluru-Tumakuru -Davanagere, Shivamogga-Harihar and Tumakuru
- Arasikere-Shivamogga (in stages completed) and -Rayadurg lines are commissioned.
5D\DGXUJD&KLWUDGXUJD&KLNMDMXU (OHFWULÀFDWLRQ
The track doubling work between Bengaluru
work of the Bengaluru City-Jolarpet section was
and Kuppam has been completed and dedicated
FRPSOHWHGLQ DQGWKHÀUVW(OHFWULF7UDLQZDV
to the country in 2004. As on March 31st 2004,
operated on 19th May 1992.
Karnataka had a total Railway route length
Broad gauging of 67.65 km. between Hotgi and of 3,270 km. of which 2,761 km. are of Broad-
Vijayapura is being completed and since May 1998, gauge and the remaining 509 km. are of Metre-
rails are on operation. The Vijayapura-Bagalkot- gauge line. There were 354 railway stations in
Gadag guage conversion is also completed and the state. At present (as on 2009 Jan) excluding
the trains are running since 2009 January. Shivamogga-Talaguppa line all others are Broad-
The Mysuru-Arasikere line conversion is also gauge lines. The Broad-gauge conversion of
FRPSOHWHGDQGSXWWRWUDIÀFIURP +DVVDQ Mysuru-Nanjangud and Chamarajanagar route
Mangaluru gauge conversion work started in 1995 ZDVXQGHUWDNHQLQ ,QWKHÀUVWSKDVH0\VXUX
LV FRPSOHWHG DQG LQ WKH ÀUVW SKDVH WUDLQ VHUYLFH Nanjangud work was completed in June 2008
upto Puttur (Mangaluru side) and Sakleshpur and on Nov 2008, Nanjangud-Chamarajanagar
(Hassan side) was made available from 2005. railway work was completed and thrown open
But due to strong public opinion the railways IRU WUDIÀF 1R QDUURZJDXJH OLQHV DUH RSHUDWLQJ
have thrown open the Hassan-Mangaluru broad- in the State. Chikkaballapur-Kolar-Bangarpet
gauge line for passenger movement since Dec.8th narrow-gauge track has been abandoned long
2007 and daily night service trains have started back. Its conversion to Broad-gauge too being
plying between Yeshawanthapur and Mangaluru insisted by the local people and the work is under
via, Mysuru-Hassan. The Railway service to progress. As a result, (as on Jan 2009) except
Mangaluru via Tumakuru Arasikere and Hassan Kodagu, all other Districts in the State have the
LV\HWWREHÁDJJHGRII railway line passing through their jurisdiction and
the railways are planning to implement the long
The ambitious Konkan Railway Project for
standing demand for Mysuru-Madikeri rail line.
connecting Mangaluru with Roha was opened
Hubballi-Ankola line is also being planned.
IRU IUHLJKW WUDIÀF LQ 7KH 0DQJDOXUX
8GXSLOLQHZDVVWDUWHGÀUVWDQGZDVH[WHQGHGWR The Bengaluru-Mysuru route has been taken
Kundapur in 1995. The 760 km. long line was IRU OD\LQJ GRXEOH WUDFN LQ SKDVHV ,Q WKH ÀUVW
RSHQHG IRU SDVVHQJHU WUDIÀF LQ 'HFHPEHU phase, double line laying work is proposed upto
As a result, the distance between Mangaluru Ramanagar and as the work upto Bidadi is
and Bombay was reduced by 1,200 km. and FRPSOHWHGLWLVRSHQHGIRUWUDIÀFLQ0DUFK
Mangaluru-Delhi by 800 km. In 1998 (31-3- The remaining work up to Ramanagara is also
98) the total length in the State was 3,270 km. completed recently and track service is made
of which Broad-gauge is 2,706 and Metre-gauge available to the public since November 2008.
564 km. The South Western Railway Zone was The work between Ramanagar-Channapatna-
commissioned in October 2002 and Bengaluru Settihally is also completed and thrown open 503
was made its headquarters. But after Public for public transport during 2012 and 2013. The
laying of new railway line between Bengaluru with Mettupalyam via Erode needs an early
and Hassan via Nelamangala, Yedeyur, Belur, attention.
Shravanabelagola and Channarayapatna
The Giant Wheel and Axle Plant, the only unit
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
under progress and the work between Hassan-
of its kind in the whole country was started at
Channarayapatna and Shravanabelagola was
Yelahanka in 1984. This plant is manufacturing
completed in March 2006. Likewise, Bengaluru-
wheels and axles for the railway carriages with
Nelamangala line is also completed and opened
latest design and technology. It is playing a vital role
for public use during April 2013. The remaining
in promoting the Indian Railways on progressive
work of this route between Yedeyur, Belur and
path. At present it is producing 1.35 lakh units of
Shravanabelagola is under progress and needs to
wheels and axles and the remaining 70,000 units
be completed briskly.
required being imported from the other countries.
Progress on other sections is in full swing. In order to meet the domestic requirements the
The Bengaluru-Hubballi line is being doubled in railways have decided to invest Rs.200 crores on
isolated patches. While Bengaluru-Tumakuru was this unit to enhance its production capacity to two
GRXEOHG DQG RSHQHG WR WUDIÀF LQ SURJUHVV lakhs from 2008-09. The factory has exported
on other sections needs speedy progress. The Rs.5.31 crores worth wheel axles to Africa,
doubling of the Arsikere-Birur section of the same Senegal, America, Latin America and other foreign
line was completed in November 2012. Ballari– countries. Hence the railways have planned to
Hospet line is completely doubled and opened start another unit at Chapad in Bihar State with
IRU WUDIÀF +XEEDOOL²*DGDJ OLQH GRXEOLQJ LV LQ one lakh unit production, very shortly. There is a
progress. railway Museum at Mysuru where several unique
exhibits are displayed. The Railway workshop
A new survey is being conducted to connect
engaged in the production of rolling stock in
Bengaluru with Chamarajnagar via., Kanakapura,
respect of Metre-gauge. But, with the conversion
Malavalli and Kollegal. Amidst all these, the long
of Broad gauge, this section is no more existence.
pending rail route connecting Chamarajanagar
For more details see Table 7.29 and 7.30.
Table 7.29 A Bird’s view of Railway Routes in Karnataka
Sl. Broad Gauge
Railways line Gauge Km. Beginning year
No. Conversion year
Bombay-Madras-(Sholapur-Kalaburagi-Raichur-
01. Broad-gauge 220 1861-71 -
Guntkal)
02. Bengaluru-Madras Broad-gauge 88 1864 -
03. Guntkal-Ballari Broad-gauge 43 1871 -
04. Wad-chitapur-Sedam-Secunderabad Broad-gauge 43 1874 -
05. Bengaluru-Mysuru Metre-gauge 138 1881-82 1993
06. Bengaluru-Tumakuru-Gubbi Metre-gauge 87 1884 2001
07. Ballari-Hospet Metre-gauge 87 1884 2001
08. Hubballi-Gadag-Hospet Metre-gauge 144 1885 1995
09. Gadag-Vijayapura-Hotgi-Sholapur Metre-gauge 249 1885 2008
10. Hubballi-Londa-Belagavi-Pune Metre-gauge 115 1887 1995
504 11. Harihar-Hubballi Metre-gauge 129 1887 2000
12. Londa-Marmgoa-Vasco Metre-gauge 50 1888 1995
COMMUNICATIONS
TRANSPORT AND
13. Harihar-Birur-Gubbi Metre-gauge 229 1889 2000
14. Yeshwanthpur-Hindupur (upto Border) Metre-gauge 83 1890 1983 Jan
15. Mysuru-Nanjangud (upto Sujatha Mills) Metre-gauge 24 1891 2008 Jun
16. Bangarpet (Bowringpet)- Marikoppam Metre-gauge 14.84 1894 -
17. Sujatha Mills-Nanjangud Metre-gauge 0.76 1899 2008 Jun
18. Birur-Shivamogga-Bidare Metre-gauge 61.15 1899 NA
19. Ballari-Rayadurga Metre-gauge 53.67 1905 NA
20. Hospet-Kottur Metre-gauge 69.46 1905 NA
21. Gunda Road Jn-Swamihalli Metre-gauge 21 1906-07 NA
22. Madras-Mangaluru (upto State Border) Metre-gauge 12.87 1907
23. Bowringpet (Bangarpet)-Kolar Narrow-gauge 17.60 1913 Broad Gauge
24. Chikkaballapur-Yelahanka Narrow-gauge Abandoned 1915 NA
25. Chikkaballapur-Kolar Narrow-gauge Abandoned 1915 NA
26. Yelahanka-Yeshwanthpur- Bengaluru Narrow-gauge 25 1918 -
27. Mysuru-Arasikere Metre-gauge 165 1918 1998
28. Dandeli-Alnavar Metre-gauge 31.7 1919 NA
29. Chikkajajur-Chitradurga Metre-gauge 21 1921 NA
30. Nanjangud-Chamrajanagar Metre-gauge 35 1926 2008
31. Shivamogga-Shivamogga Bidare Metre-gauge 06 1929 Nov-2008
Vikarabad-Parli-Baijanath (Bidar, Khanapur,
32. Metre-gauge 78.32 1932 -
Kamalapur)
33. Shivamogga-Talaguppa Metre-gauge 93 1940 September 2012
34. Guntakal-Hospet (Separate-Line) Broad-gauge 102 1966 -
35. Hassan-Mangaluru Metre-gauge 189 1979 2005
36. Mangaluru - Mangaluru New port Broad-gauge 11 1983 -
Mangaluru -Roha
37. Broad-gauge 76 1996 -
(Konkan Express)
Bengaluru-Kuppam
38. Broad-gauge N.A. 2004 -
(double line)
* Excluding Shivamogga-Talaguppa line which is also under conversion all other railway lines are either
Broad-Gauge line or else converted to Broad-gauge. At present, excluding the abandoned Chikballapur-
Kolar Narrow-gauge line, the remaining Narrow-gauge lines Broad gauge convertion is under progress. 505
HAND BOOK OF
KARNATAKA
506
Table 7.30 Railway Doubling lines in Karnataka
Cum. Exp.
Sl. Year of Anticipated/ Physical
Details of Work Up to March Remark
No sanction Sanctioned Cost progress
2017
Birur Shivamogga (60
1 2016-17 500.00 2.00 Nil This project has been freezed at present.
km.)
This Project is part of Pune-Miraj-Londa Doubling (467 km)
2 Miraj Londa (185.90 km.) 2015-16 1190.90 16.77 Nil sanctioned under Pink Book of Central Railway. Works are in
Progress. The Project is targeted for completion by 2020-21.
Hubballi-Chikjajur (190 Work is in progress in the section between Chikjajur-Tolahunse
3 2015-16 1140.93 311.74 Nil (37 km). Earthwork, minor and major bridge works have been
km.) completed and track linking is in progress.
1. A portion of this project, i.e. 48.2 km falls in A.P. out of total
Yelahanka-Penukonda length of 120.53.km.
4 2015-16 860.43 213.40 Nil 2. Work is in progress in the section between Makalidurga-
(120.55 km.)
Devarapalli (36 km) Earthwork and bridge work has been
completed and linking is in progress.
Work is in progress in the section between Arsikere-Karadi (36
Arsikere-Tumakuru (96 km). In this stretch, earthwork in formation and minor bridges,
5 2015-16 578.00 239.59 24%
km.) major bridges have been completed. Track linking is in prog-
ress.
147.92
Hotgi- Kudgi-Gadag (284 Work is in progress in the section between Minchinal-Lachyan
6 2014-15 1614.59 170.89 30%
km.) (42.5 km) is targeted for commissioning during 2017-18.
(NTPC)
1. Survey was conducted along the track and it was seen that
several residential and multi-storied buildings have to be de-
Bengaluru-Krishnara- 1997-98 molished in addition to acquisition of land for construction of
137.64 Not yet additional two lines.
7 MDSXUDP:KLWHÀHOG4/ Year of 0.02 Nil
sanctioned 2. Feasibility of taking up only 3rd line, which does not involve
(23.08 km.) inclusion VLJQLÀFDQWODQGDFTXLVLWLRQLVEHLQJH[DPLQHG$VSHUIHDVLELO-
ity, Quadrupling has proposed between Bengaluru Contt. To
:KLWHÀHOGLQSODFHRI%HQJDOXUXWR:KLWHÀHOG
8 Birur Shivani (28.67 km) 2010-11 142.64 154.34 100% Project has been completed and commissioned.
Yelahanka-Chennasadra
DL With overhead 2009-10 107.67 138.37 100% Project completed and commissioned.
9
equipment (12.89 kms)
Toranagallu-Ranjitpura
10 2011-12 167.50 0.34 Nil Work yet to be taken up.
(22.92 kms)
Yeswantpur-Yelahanka
DL with overhead equip-
11 2009-10 94.96 86.37 100% Project completed and commissioned.
ment
(12.07 (kms)
Hospet-Hubballi-Lon- This project is being executed by RVNL. So far 67 km. has been
12 da-Vasco-da- gama 2010-11 928.85 693.32 70% commissioned. Further 36 km. is targeted for commissioning
(352.58 kms) in 2017-18.
Entire doubling between Ramanagar-Mysuru (94 km) along
Ramanagara -Mysuru ZLWK HOHFWULÀFDWLRQ KDV FRPSOHWHG DQG FRPPLVVLRQHG LQ 1RY
doubling (94km) with 2017. With this the entire doubling work between Bengaluru to
13 2007-08 874.57 965.68 100%
HOHFWULÀFDWLRQRI.HQJHUL 0\VXUXKDVEHHQFRPSOHWHGDQGFRPPLVVLRQHG7KHHOHFWULÀFD-
Mysuru tion between Bengaluru-Mysuru was dedicated to the Nation by
Hon’ble Prime Minister on 19.02.2018 at Mysuru.
Hosadurga-Chickjajur
14 2010-11 203.40 274.72 100% Project completed and commissioned.
(28.89kms)
Shivani-Hosadurga
15 2011-12 *49.36 62.48 100% Project has been completed and commissioned.
(10kms)
Source : Indian Railway website.
EOHFWULÀFDWLRQRI5DLOZD\5RXWH 7KH(OHFWULÀFDWLRQRI5DLOZD\URXWHVLQ,QGLDLQFOXGLQJ.DUQDWDNDLVLQSURJUHVVVLQFHVHYHUDOGHFDGHV$VRQ
0DUFK DPRQJWKHWRWDOUDLOURXWHRINPLQWKH&RXQWU\.DUQDWDNDZLWKNPUDLOZD\VKDVRQO\NPURXWHOHQJWKHOHFWULÀHG
ranks 18thLQWKHFRXQWU\.DUQDWDNDKDVWKHOHDVWQXPEHURIHOHFWULÀHGDQGGRXEOHG%URDGJDXJHOLQHVFRPSDUHGWRRWKHUVWDWHVLQ,QGLD SHU
FHQW 7KLVLVPHQWLRQHGLQWKHRIÀFLDOZHESDJHEHORQJLQJWRWKHPLQLVWU\RI5DLOZD\V For more details see Table 7.31 and 7.32.
COMMUNICATIONS
507
TRANSPORT AND
7DEOH6WDWH:LVH3RVLWLRQRI5RXWH.LORPHWHUV(OHFWULÀHG
Sl.No State Total Route Kilometer 5RXWHNLORPHWHUHOHFWUL¿HG Percentage
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
1 Andhra Pradesh 5185 2493 48.08%
2 Bihar 3515 1053 29.96%
3 Chattisgarh 1186 861 72.60%
4 Delhi 182 139 76.37%
5 Gujarat 5328 723 13.57%
6 Haryana 1553 413 26.59%
7 Himachal Pradesh 285 23 8.07%
8 Jharkhand 1968 1591 80.84%
9 Karnataka 3007 161 5.35%
10 Kerala 1050 540 51.43%
11 Madhya Pradesh 4949 2126 42.96%
12 Maharashtra 5601 2065 36.87%
13 Orissa 2385 1371 57.48%
14 Punjab 2133 527 24.71%
15 Pondicherry 11 11 100.00%
16 Rajasthan 5854 642 10.97%
17 Tamil Nadu 4106 1235 30.08%
18 Uttar Pradesh 8702 2137 24.56%
19 Uttranchal 345 52 15.07%
20 West Bengal 3890 1896 48.74%
21 Other States 2780 0 0.00%
Total 64015 20059 31.33%
508 Source : Indian Railways GOI Web site
7DEOH5DLOZD\(OHFWULÀFDWLRQ
Latest
Sl. Year of Original sanctioned Anticipated/ Cum.Exp.Upto Physical Remarks
Details of Work
No sanction Pink book cost Sanctioned 30.06.2015 progress
Cost
176 Cr. (Total Work being executed by RVNL. Erection of
'KDUPDYDUDP <HODKDQND (OHFWUL¿FD- 136.30-Cr.(Total 161 Cr. (Total
Rs.250 Cr. for OHE Masts and wiring has been completed in the
tion (214 km.) as part of Ooty-Dhar- cost Rs.193.69 cost Rs. 229 Cr.
1 2010-11 Ooty-Dhamaravaram 85% entire section from Yelahanka to Dharmavaram.
PDYDUDP<HODKDQND (OHFWUL¿FDWLRQ Cr. for the entire for the entire
-Yelahanka ) Works of construction of Traction sub-station and
project (304 km) project) project)
switching stations is in progress.
Target : March, 2016.
Sl. Year of sanc- Original sanctioned Pink book Latest Anticipated/Sanc- Cum.Exp.Up to Physical
Details of Work Remarks
No tion cost tioned Cost 30.06.2015 progress
Hospet-Ballari-Haddina-
Tenders are under evaluation and
gundu (92 km) as part of 151 Cr. (Total cost Rs.
123 Cr. (Total cost Rs. 185 Cr for ¿QDOL]DWLRQ 3URMHFW WDUJHWHG IRU
2 Hospet-Ballari- Guntakal 2012-13 226.68 Cr for the entire - -
the entire project.) completion by March, 2018.
5DLOZD\ (OHFWUL¿FDWLRQ project.)
(138 km)
Source : Indian Railway website.
Detailed Estimate at Rs. 226.68 cr for the entire Project (Rs.151 cr from for section falling in SWR) was sanctioned in the year 2013. Project being
executed by RVNL.
Railways projects: The state government has been actively supporting the railway projects in the state. A sum of Rs.100 crores has been
provided in the 2008-09 budget for new cost sharing railway projects by sharing upto 2/3 of the total project cost. Sholapur-Gadag Gauge
conversion projects (50:50 share) and with the rail movement Bagalkot-Gadag work is completed.
Shivamogga-Talguppa Gauge conversion project is taken up under 50:50 cost sharing basis with the railways and has made provision for Rs.100
crores Kottur-Harihara new railway (67 kms). line projects is taken up under 2/3, 1/3 cost sharing basis. Ramanagar-Mysuru railway doubling
is under progress. Bidar-Kalaburagi (104 kms.) new railway line is taken up under 50:50 cost sharing basis. Munirabad-Mehaboobnagar new
railway line (190 km.) is taken up under 50:50 sharing basis.
7KH 0\VXUX%HQJDOXUX VHFWLRQ XSWR 6HWWLKDOO\ NP KDV EHHQ GRXEOHG DQG WKURZQ RSHQ WR WUDIÀF DV RI 0DUFK 3URJUHVV RQ RWKHU
sections is in full swing. The Bengaluru-Hubballi line is being doubled in isolated patches. While the line between Bengaluru-Tumakuru was
GRXEOHGDQGRSHQHGWRWUDIÀFRWKHUVHFWLRQVRIWKLVURXWHLVLQSURJUHVV7KHGRXEOLQJRIWKH$UVLNHUH%LUXUVHFWLRQRIWKHVDPHOLQHZDVFRPSOHWHG
LQ1RYHPEHU:KLOHWKH%DOODUL²+RVSHWOLQHLVFRPSOHWHO\GRXEOHGDQGRSHQHGIRUWUDIÀF+XEEDOOL²*DGDJOLQHGRXEOLQJLVLQSURJUHVV
COMMUNICATIONS
509
TRANSPORT AND
sharing basis with Railway at an estimated cost
of Rs.1,801 crore and provided the necessary land
free of cost. GoK has released Rs.50 crore to South
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
Western Railway for construction and Rs.70.98
crore is released to Deputy Commissioners for
land acquisition and 135-25½ acres of land
handed over to Railways. Railways have started
construction work of 12km between Urikere-
Thimmaharajanhalli.
3. Tumakuru-Rayadurga Broad Gauge Railway
Line Project: The Government of Karnataka has
taken up Tumakuru-Rayadurga project on 50:50
cost sharing basis with Railway at an estimated
cost of Rs.479.59 crore and released Rs.170
crore out of it’s share of Rs.239.80 crore. 268.55
acre of land handed over to Railways. The land
acquisition process is in progress.
4. Bagalkot-Kudachi New Railway Line Project:
The Government of Karnataka has taken up
South Western Railway Zonal Map
Bagalkot-Kudachi project on 50:50 cost sharing
Under the public participation the Government
basis with Railway at an estimated cost of
has approached the Railway Ministry to take
Rs.816.144 crore and released Rs.141.36 crore
up Hubballi-Ankola, Talaguppa - Shahabad,
for construction out of it share Rs.408.07 crore
Vijayapura - Shahapur, Dharwad - Belagavi
and Rs.218.54 crore for land acquisition. The land
projects. Apart from this under the cost sharing
acquisition process is in progress. 30Kms works
basis of State Government and Railway Ministry
between Bagalkot–Khajdoni section is completed.
Hassan - Bengaluru, Kadur - Chikkamagalur,
Kolar - Chikballapur, Kuduchi - Bagalkot, 5.Chikkamagaluru-Sakaleshpura Railway Line
Tumakuru - Davanagere, Shivamogga - Harihara Project: The Government of Karnataka has taken
DQG :KLWHÀHOG .RODU SURMHFWV KDYH EHHQ WDNHQ up Chikkamagaluru-Sakaleshpura project on
up. At the end of March 2012, there are 3,223.12 50:50 cost sharing basis with Railway at an
km. of Broad - Gauge, 21 km. of Metre-gauge estimated cost of Rs.657.80 crore and released
railway lines and 367 railway stations in the Rs.25 crore for construction out of it’s share and
State. The important new railway line projects are Rs.51.49 crore for land acquisition to the Deputy
given below: Commissioners. Land acquisition process is in
progress.
1. Munirabad (Ginigere) - Mehaboobnagar
(Raichur) New Railway Line Project: The 6. Gadag-Wadi New Railway Line Project: The
Government of Karnataka has taken up Government of Karnataka has taken up Gadag-
Munirabad (Ginigere)-Mehaboobnagar (Raichur) Wadi project on 50:50 cost sharing basis with
Project on 50:50 cost sharing basis with Railways Railway at an estimated cost of Rs.1,922.14
at a revised estimated cost of Rs.1,350.91 crores crore and agreed to provide required land free of
and released Rs.490.24 crores to South Western cost. Rs.70.28 crore released to South Western
Railway out of its Share 675.45 Crores. Further Railway for construction. The entire required
1,204 acres of land is handed over to South land is acquired through KIADB. Rs.231.61 crore
Western Railway. Railways have targeted for has been released to KIADB for land acquisition.
commissioning Gangavati-Karatagi stretch in 1,360-21 acres of land is handed over to Railways.
February 2019, for this Stretch required land Land acquisition process is in progress. Between
acquisition is in progress in Koppal District. Talkal-Kustagi 57km. and Shapur-Wadi 47km
2. Tumakuru-Davanagere Railway Line Project: stretch construction work is in progress.
The Government of Karnataka has taken up 7. Kolar Coach Factory: Government of
510
Tumakuru-Davanagere project on 50:50 cost Karnataka has agreed to setup Rail Coach Factory
in Kolar District, by sharing 50 per cent of construction cost in addition to providing 1118.8 acres of free land. Memorandum of
Understanding (MoU) is entered into between Railways and Government of Karnataka. Railway Board was reviewing the capacities of Rail Coach
Factories in India. Project report is under scrutiny by the Railways. GoK is awaiting the Railways report.
8. Road over bridge (RoB)/Road under bridge (RuB) Project work. The State Government has accorded administrative approval to take up
3 RoB/RuB works on 50:50 cost sharing basis at an estimated cost of Rs. 533.787 crore and released an amount of Rs. 289.441 crore so far.
Railways have completed 8 RoB/RuBs and the other works are in progress. For more details see Table 7.33.
Table 7.33 New Railway lines in Karnataka (Progress of Works for the month of Febraury 2018)
Sl. Year of Cum. Exp. Up Physical
Details of Work Anticipated/Sanctioned Cost Remark
No sanction to March 2017 progress
New work sanctioned during 2017-18. Detailed Project Report has
1 Gadag-Yalvigi NL (56 km.) 2017-18 640.00 0.00 Nill
been submitted to Railway Board on 08.01.2018.
Section completed and commissioned (65 kms) on 03.03.2014 on
488.70 Cost Sharing 2/3 1/3
2 Kottur-Harihar (65km.) 1995-96 427.13 95% ``One Train System only’’. Section is commissioned ``Absolute
between GoK and Rly
Block System’’ of working on 30.05.2016.
986.30 on 50:50 cost sharing CRS inspection between Bagalkot-Khajdoni (30 kms) done on
3 Bagalkot-Kudachi (142 km.) 2010-11 basis and land free of cost by 258.97 20% 14.06.2017 and authorization received. Further work beyond
GoK Khajdoni can be taken up on acquisition of land by State Govt.
466.65 with cost sharing basis
4 Srinivasapura-Madanapalli (75 kms) 2013-14 0.00 Nil CCEA clearance awaited
and land free of cost by GoK
Chikkaballapur-Gowribidanur (44 367.77 with cost sharing basis
5 2013-14 0.00 Nil CCEA clearance awaited
kms) and land free of cost by GoK
Process of land acquisition has been started. So far 82 acres
of land has been handed over in Tumakuru district. For balance
Tumakuru-Chitradurga-Davangere 1,801.01 On 50:50 cost sharing land, acquisition under new Act has been initiated. State Govt. is
6 2011-12 2.54 Nil
(199.7 kms) basis & land free of cost considering acquisition of balance land direct purchase. Physical
ZRUN FRPPHQFHG IRU ¿UVW NP LQ 8UXNHUH7KLPPDUDQDKDOOL
section.
COMMUNICATIONS
511
TRANSPORT AND
HAND BOOK OF
KARNATAKA
512
Originally the project was sanctioned between Bengaluru-
1,382.78 on 50:50 cost sharing Satyamangalam (260km). Permission was not granted by
Hejjala-Chamarajanagar (142 kms.)
basis & land free of cost by Tamilnadu Government as well as CEC to carry out survey in the
7 (part of Bengaluru-Satyamangalam 1996-97 5.59 Nil
GoK for Hejjala to chamara- Satyamangalam Forest Area. Hence project is now being taken up
(260 kms)
janagar from Hejjala to Chamarajnagar (142 kms). Land yet to be given by
State Govt.
Section from Kadur to chikkamagaluru (46 kms) was completed
and commissioned on 19.11.2013.
889.52 On 50:50 cost Sharing
basis to Kadur-Chikkamagalu- Phase II works between Chikkamagaluru-`Sakleshpur were frozen
Kadur-Chikkamagaluru-Sakleshpur ru (42 kms) & Chikkamagaluru by Railway Board since 2007 and defreezed during 2013.
8 1996-97 421.69 49% Work in Chikkamagaluru- Sakleshpur section (47 kms) could not
(93 kms) – Sakleshpurland free of cost
balance cost on 50:50 basis be- be started as the balance land totaling 885 acres is yet to be handed
tween GoK and Rly. over by GoK.
Section between Ginigera-Chikkabenakal (27 kms) commissioned
Munirabad (Ginigera)-Raichur (165 1,350.91 Cost sharing on 50:50 RQIRUSDVVHQJHUWUDI¿F)XUWKHUZRUNDUHLQSURJUHVV
9 2007-08 694.79 27%
kms) basis between GoK and Rly. in Chikkabenakal (km27)- Gangavathi (kms 40)- Karatagi (km 68)
section.
Section from Rayadurga - Kalyanadurga-Kadirideverapalli (63
kms) which falls in in A.P. was commissioned in 2016-17. In
the recent past about 266 Acres of land has been handed over by
1,714.49 on 50:50 cost sharing
Rayadurga Tumakuru (207kms) (12 GoK to Railway over a length of 23 kms from Tumakuru end.
10 2007-08 basis between Rly and Gok/ 556.76 25%
Block sections) Earthwork and Bridge work has commenced in this stretch in
GoAP
Aug. 2017 for the balance land of 947 Ac, SIA study has been
FRPSOHWHG3UHOLPLQDU\QRWL¿FDWLRQLVXQGHUQHZ/$$FWE\*R.
.
Hassan-Bengaluru new BG line Complete Hassan-Bengaluru Nl has been completed and
11 via Shravanabelagola (167 kms) 12 1996-97 1425.19 100% FRPPLVVLRQHGIRUSDVVHQJHUWUDI¿FRQ7UDLQVHUYLFHVDUH
Block sections also in operation.
Chikkaballapur-Puttaparthy-Sri 692.43 On 50:50 cost sharing
12 2013-14 0.00 Nil CCEA clearance awaited.
Satya Sai Nilayam (103 Kms) basis and land free of cost
Earthwork and bridge works upto 34.8kms from Hubballi end
to Kiravatti completed. Further work stopped by MOEF & CEC
during 2006 due to environmental issues. Matter referred to
Regional Empowered committee and under consideration. As per
the advice of REC, wild life proposal submitted along with forest
13 Hubballi-Ankola (167 kms) 1997-98 103.73 133.71 10%
proposal. Forest Dept. of GoK have forwarded proposal to MOEF
& CC to obtain Wild Life Clearance from National Board of Wild
Life. Inspector General of Forest/Southern Circle of MOEF & CC
Wildlife inspected the site on 23.02.18 and conducted a meeting
ZLWKWKHRI¿FLDOVRI5DLOZD\DQG)RUHVWGHSWDW<HOODSXU
Kolar-Mulbagal-Madaghatta NL Land acquisition proposals for entire required land acquisition to
14 2012-13 209.35 0.04 Nil
(45 kms). KIADB. Revenue survey has been completed by KIADB.
State Govt. has decided to acquire land through KIADB for this
project.
2,841.84 with cost sharing ba- Work commenced between Talkal-Kushtagi (57 kms), where 725
15 Gadag-wadi (252 kms). 2013-14 2.88 Nil
sis and land free of cost by GoK acres of land has been handed over to Railway by State Govt.
Between Shahpur-Wadi (47 kms), out of total requirement of 642
Ac of land, 473 Ac is handed over to Railways.
Work could not be commenced till date due to non-availability of
16 Marikuppam-Kuppam (23.70 kms). 2012-13 279.54 1.51 Nil
land.
832.47 On 50:50 cost sharing
17 Shivamogga-Harihar (78.66 kms). 2011-12 0.94 Nil Work yet to start for want of land.
basis and land free of cost
348.85 On 50:50 cost sharing
18 :KLWH¿HOG.RODU NPV 2011-12 basis and land free of cost by 0.35 Nil Work yet to start for want of land.
GoK
Source: Indian Railway website.
AIR TRANSPORT
7KH)LUVWDHURSODQHÁLJKWLQ,QGLDZDVLQWURGXFHGLQ-DQXDU\ 7KH7DWDDQG6RQV/WGÁHZLWVDLUFUDIWIRUWKHÀUVWWLPHLQ.DUQDWDNDLQ
2FWREHU 7KLVÁLJKWZDVRSHUDWHGEHWZHHQ.DUDFKLDQG0DGUDVZLWKVWRSVDW$KPHGDEDG%RPED\DQG%DOODUL/DWHU'HFFDQ$LUZD\VRIWKH
+\GHUDEDG*RYHUQPHQWRSHUDWHGDGDLO\ÁLJKWIURP+\GHUDEDGWR%HQJDOXUXDQGEDFNLQ 2Qst August 1953, Airlines in the country were
nationalized and Government owned Indian Airlines started connecting Bengaluru with various other cities in the country. The ‘open skies’ policy
COMMUNICATIONS
513
TRANSPORT AND
of the Centre has ended the monopoly of plying Plane service was made available once a week.
their aircraft between Bengaluru, Bombay, Delhi, %XW ZLWK WKH XQLÀFDWLRQ RI .DUQDWDND
Hyderabad etc., The private companies serving weekly trip to Bombay was started in 1957. In
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
LQ WKH ÀHOG ZHUH NLQJ ÀVKHU -HW $LUZD\V (DVW 1960, the airport was expanded to meet the needs
West Airlines, Damania Airways, Deccan Airlines, RI $URVH ÁLJKWV ,Q GDLO\ VHUYLFH EHWZHHQ
Sahara and Modi Luft. Apart from Bengaluru, Madras and Bombay via Bengaluru, Mangaluru
the cities of Belagavi, Mangaluru, Mysuru and and Belagavi was started. It resulted in 14 planes
Hubballi are also on the air map of the country. passing through Mangaluru Airport. In 1996
DQ RIÀFH ZDV VWDUWHG WR UHFHLYH WKH SDVVSRUW
Bengaluru Airport, constructed in an area
applications from aspirants at Mangaluru. At
of 865 acres of land which belongs to HAL and
present daily service is available from Mangaluru
Airport Authority of India. In the Indian Airlines
to Mumbai, Bengaluru, Madras and other places.
QHWZRUN%HQJDOXUX$LUSRUWUDQNVÀIWKLQUHVSHFWRI
7KHÁLJKWVHUYLFHVDUHRSHUDWHGE\,QGLDQ$LUOLQHV
revenue earnings. During 1992-93, on an average
Deccan Airlines and Jet Airlines. A new runway to
there were about 60,000 incoming passengers
IDFLOLWDWHWKHUHTXLUHPHQWIRULQWHUQDWLRQDOÁLJKWV
and 60,000 outgoing passengers at Bengaluru
by the Indian Aviation Authority, the Airport
Airport per month and the incoming and outgoing
is providing services of international standard.
cargo handled during 1992-93 was 5,104 and
When Bajpe Aerodrome, was commissioned by
6,711 M.Tonnes respectively. During 1992-93,
Jawaharlal Nehru, the then PM having arrived on
the incoming and outgoing cargo handled by
maiden air travel on Dakota DC-3 plane. In year
the Mangaluru Airport was 99 and 57 M. tonnes
of 2007-08, airports hold 10,019 airplane actions
UHVSHFWLYHO\'LUHFWÁLJKWWR3HUWK $XVWUDOLD DQG
as evaluated to 6,268 earlier years; it handled
Singapore have begun from Bengaluru from 1995.
total 8.04 lakh travellers during 2010.
The State run ‘Flying Training School’ was started
in 1948 at Bengaluru to impart training to the This airport is owned by Airport Authority
\RXWK LQ Á\LQJ 7KLV VFKRRO LV DOVR XQGHUWDNLQJ of India (AAI). Proposal for further extension
MR\ÁLJKWVFKDUWHUÁLJKWVDQGDOVRSURYLGLQJÁ\LQJ of runway is under consideration by AAI. The
facilities to scientists and engineers of the defence. proposal of AAI for acquisition of additional land
In 1991-92, of the nine candidates undergoing for extending the runway for operational safety
the training for commercial pilot’s license, three requirements is being examined.
of them have passed the course. At the same
Kempegowda International Airport Bengaluru:
period 98 students were undergoing training for
At Devanahalli the Bengaluru International
the private pilot’s course.
Airport has started working from May 24th 2008.
It maintains a civil enclave on 20 acres comprised This project commenced in July 2005, has green
of domestic passenger terminal building suitable ÀHOGVSUHDGRYHUDQDUHDRIDFUHV7KLVKDV
to maintain 700 departing passengers and EHHQ GHYHORSHG DV WKH ÀUVW LQWHUQDWLRQDO DLUSRUW
the integrated international terminal building in the country with Rs.2,470 crores under public-
inaugurated in January 99, suitable to handle
700 domestic arrivals and 600 International
passengers at a time, fully air conditioned built at
an estimate cost of Rs.21.83 crores. It is equipped
ZLWKÀYHHVFDODWRUVIRXUSDVVHQJHUHOHYDWRUVDQG
staircase for transferring passengers from ground
ÁRRUWRÀUVWÁRRUDQGYLFHYHUVD$WSUHVHQWLWKDV
all modern facilities. But with the inauguration of
Devanahalli (2008 May) International Airport this
airport has been closed.
Mangaluru Airport: The Mangaluru Airport is
located at Bajpe 26 km. away from the district
headquarters. It was started in 1951 by the civil
514 aviation department, spreading over 140 acres of
land suitable for Airport. In the beginning Dakota Kempegowda International Airport Bengaluru
private participations. It is being managed by the kms. south west of Hubballi, operated by Airports
Airport Authority of India. It has all the required Authority of India. The Plans are underway for
facilities of an International Airport and is situated the modernization and expansion of the airport
COMMUNICATIONS
TRANSPORT AND
at a distance of 35 km. from Bengaluru City. Due into an all-weather airport. Hubbali Airport
to public demand, the Airport is being named after expansions have been completed and inaugurated
Kempegowda, the founder of Bengaluru city, very on 20.09.2017. This airport operated and
recently, by observing all formalities. maintained by Airports Authority of India.
There is a proposal to provide High speed Mysuru Airport: Also known as Mandakalli
Rail link to the BIA located at Devanahalli. The Airport is an airport serving the city of Mysuru.
government has planned to construct Airport at all The airstrip in Mysuru was built in 1948. Due to
District headquarters in the state. Improving and commercial activity in the mid-1980s Vayudoot ran
upgrading of Mangaluru, Hubballi and Belagavi a feeder service. The city had been on the aviation
Airport is under progress. PDSPRUHWKDQÀYHGHFDGHVDJRZKHQDOHDGLQJ
This airport was started in May 2008, has national newspaper used to drop its newspaper
provided service to 9.8 million passengers in bundles using a Dakota. Thereafter, it was linked
that year and at present serving 12 million with the rest of the country through Vayudoot
passengers per year. This has 70,000 Sq. metres services. However, it witnessed discontinuance
of terminal building and 4000 metre of runway. of services. Thus defunct of commercial activity
The Airport Authority has been trying to extend in the mid-1980s, when Vayudoot ran a feeder
attractive service to its customers. A signal free service. The city had been on the aviation map
WUDIÀF VHUYLFH LV EHLQJ SURYLGHG WR WKLV DLUSRUW PRUH WKDQ ÀYH GHFDGHV DJR ZKHQ D OHDGLQJ
from different parts of the city. During 2010-11, national newspaper used to drop its newspaper
5,63,748 persons travelled and 1,08,852 tons of bundles using Douglas-DC-3” Dakota. Thereafter,
goods transported. it was linked with the rest of the country through
Vayudoot.
Present equity holding: GoK-13 per cent, GoI –13
per cent, Siemens-26 per cent, FIH Mauritius The airport was built at a cost of 82 crore. It was
Investment Ltd (Fair Fax)-48 per cent. 2nd runway inaugurated by the Chief Minister of Karnataka
earth works are completed and runway operation RQ 0D\ -HW $LUZD\V DQG .LQJÀVKHU
is targeted to commence operation by Sep- 2019. $LUOLQHVKDGVKRZQLQWHUHVWLQRSHUDWLQJÁLJKWVWR
Terminal 2: Development of Terminal-2 is in the city.
design stage and targeted to commence operation
The terminal building has a capacity to
by 2021. Widening of Trumpet Interchange is
accommodate 200 passengers. The runway at the
being planned.
airport measures 1,858 m (6,098 ft). The state
Bengaluru International Convention Centre government has sanctioned funds to upgrade
and Bengaluru Signature Business Park Cabinet the runway length to anywhere between 2,400
approval received on 21.11.2017 for development m (7,870ft.) to 2,600 m (8,530 ft). Meanwhile,
of BSBP (Bengaluru Signature Business Park) a sanction has been already been given for Rs.
& BICC (Bengaluru International Convention 140 crore civil and electrical works of the second
Centre). phase of the project. The second phase will include
upgradation of the airport with an apron, setting
In the tender for the project, M: STUP Consultants
XSRIDLUWUDIÀFFRQWUROPHWHRURORJLFDOGHSDUWPHQW
Pvt. Ltd, has been selected in qualifying bids,
and upgrading the terminal. Once it is completed,
WHFKQLFDOELGVDQGDUELWUDU\ÀQDQFLDOELGV
the airport will be able to operate the Airbus-A320
Belagavi Airport : The airport at Belagavi is and Boeing-737 aircraft.
situated on SH.20, 12 km away from Belagavi, the
After the airport was commissioned for operation
district headquarters, Belagavi Airport expansions
LQ.LQJÀVKHU$LUOLQHVRSHUDWHGGDLO\ÁLJKWV
have been completed and inaugurated on
21.09.2017. This airport operated and maintained connecting Mysuru with Chennai, Delhi, Mumbai
by Airports Authority of India. YLD%HQJDOXUX.LQJÀVKHURSHUDWHGLWV.LQJÀVKHU
5HGVHUYLFHWR0\VXUX7KHÁLJKWVRSHUDWHGZLWK 515
Hubballi Airport: The Airport is situated 8 nearly 75 per cent occupancy inbound to Mysuru,
while the occupancy was said to be low in the $YLDWLRQKDVJLYHQFOHDUDQFHIRUÁLJKWRSHUDWLRQRQ
RXWERXQG IURP 0\VXUX UHVXOWLQJ LQ .LQJÀVKHU 6HSWHPEHUDQGÁLJKWVKDYHVWDUWHGDOUHDG\
$LUOLQHV FDQFHOOLQJ WKH ÁLJKWV VLQFH 1RYHPEHU under Regional Connectivity Scheme.
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
&KDUWHUHGÁLJKWVKDYHEHHQRSHUDWLQJVLQFH
Hassan Airport: Out of 761 Acres of land
WKHDLUSRUWZDVUHFRPPLVVLRQHGZLWKÁLJKWV
required for this airport, 536 acres have been
operating in 2010 and on 31 December 2012,
acquired and handed over to the developer M/s
6SLFH -HW DQQRXQFHG ÁLJKWV FRQQHFWLQJ 0\VXUX
Axicades. Acquisition of balance 225 acres is
to Chennai, via Bengaluru from 14 January 2013.
under progress.
Besides, the government has planned to
Regional Connectivity Scheme (RCS)
GHYHORS IRXU JUHHQÀHOG DLUSRUWV DW .DODEXUDJL
Shivamogga, Hassan and Vijayapura. The Under Regional Connectivity Scheme, 19 airports
government has planned to build airstrips for the KDYH EHHQ LGHQWLÀHG LQ WKH 6WDWH 0R8 KDV EHHQ
landing of aeroplanes at Davanagere, Raichur, signed between GoK, Ministry of Civil Aviation
Chikkamagaluru, Udupi, Madikeri-Kushalnagara, and Airport Authority of India on 20.04.2017.
Gokarana, Chitradurga, Bagalkot, Haveri, Gadag In the 1st round of bidding, 4 Airports (Mysuru,
and Kollegala by providing a sum of Rs. 50 Crores Bengaluru, Bidar and Vidyanagar (Ballari) and 2nd
during 2008-09. round bidding, 2 Airports (Hubballi & Bhaldotha)
have been selected. Proposals recieved for the
To extend the runway of this operational airport, following 6 routes under Regional Connectivity
AAI has requested to IIT, New Delhi to conduct Scheme in Karnataka.
studies regarding construction of under - pass
at NH 212. MoCA given approval to under-pass • Hyderabad -Vidyanagar
clearance. Requested KIADB for additional 280 • Vidyanagar - Bengaluru
acres land acquisition for Runway extension & • Bidar- Bengaluru
Terminal Building. • Salem- Bengaluru
Kalaburagi Airport: Balance works of • Mysuru- Chennai
Kalaburagi Airport has been entrusted to PWD • Hubbali- Hyderabad
with 3 packages at a revised estimated cost of
• Bengaluru- Hubballi
Rs.175.57 Crores. Rs.93.32/crore - has been
released for works of Kalaburagi airport so far. 3DVVSRUW2IÀFH: $VHSDUDWHRIÀFHIRUWKH6WDWH
Balance works are expected to be completed was established at Bengaluru on 12th June 1978,
by 2018. Correspondences have been made to RQ WKH ELIXUFDWLRQ RI 5HJLRQDO 3DVVSRUW 2IÀFH DW
Ministry of Civil Aviation that this Airport be taken Chennai. It is now located in No.I/A, Brunton
over by the Airport Authority of India and also be Road, (across M.G.Road), Bengaluru. It is providing
included in the RCS – UDAN scheme. passport facilities to the people in Karnataka. The
number of passports issued during 1978 was
Bidar Airport : Bidar airport is situated within
17,146. It was enhanced to 1,23,150 in 1992.
a radius of 150 kms of Rajiv Gandhi International
Airport, Hyderabad. Matter being taken up by the By the end of 2000, out of the 1,31,769 fresh
Department with Hyderabad International Airport application received, 1,28,943 were disposed of by
Limited (HIAL) to allow operation. MOU is being issuing passports. Generally it takes 30 to 40 days
ÀQDOLVHG to issue fresh passport. Under Tatkal Scheme,
Passport is issued quickly by charging additional
Vidyanagar Airport (Ballari Airport) : Out of
fees. Renewal of old ones, issuing of duplicate
900 acres of land required for the development of
passport in case of lost and damaged passports
this airport, 823 acres acquired & is under the
and Emigration services are also extended to
possession of Deputy Commissioner, Ballari. The
the public. Tele-Enquiry, Special counters etc.,
developer has been requested to take possession of are opened to assist the public. “KIOSK”–Touch
the available land and to commence construction Screen System has been installed to know
ZRUNV $IWHU WKH SURYHQ ÁLJKW 'LUHFWRU *HQHUDO the position of passport applications. Online
Civil Aviation (DGCA) had directed to conduct Registration services started to help the working
Obstacle Level Survey (OLS). Accordingly Obstacle personnel living in different districts has been
516
Level Survey completed and Director General Civil appreciated by the public. It has also launched
a web-site of its own, which helps the public States for quick issue of passports, in 2011 and
to know the position of other applications and the External Affairs Ministry has plans to extend
objections if any. It has its passport application this scheme to all over the country. In 2009, the
COMMUNICATIONS
TRANSPORT AND
collection centers at Mangaluru started in 1996, %HQJDOXUX 3DVVSRUW RIÀFH GDLO\ UHFHLYHG
and at Kalaburagi in February 2000. The Speed passport applications, which was increased to
post passport services have also been launched at LQ DQG WKH SDVVSRUW RIÀFH KDV EHHQ
VHOHFWHG SRVW RIÀFHV LQ 0DUFK 6LQFH WKHQ trying to issue passports quickly. Passport can be
WKH3DVVSRUWRIÀFHWKURXJKLWVLQQRYDWLYHVHUYLFHV obtained through registered travel agents and at
has reached the public more effectively. As a the end of April 2011, there were 104 registered
result of easy and online processing of passport WUDYHODJHQWVUHFRJQL]HGE\WKH3DVVSRUWRIÀFH
applications, passport holders are increasing
,Q .DUQDWDND LQ ÀUVW WZR SKDVHV 3236.
regularly since 2005.
become functional as on 14 May 2018 are as
The State has four Passport Seva Kendras, follows, Belagavi, Ballari, Bidar, Davanagere,
two at Bengaluru, one at Mangaluru and one at Gadag, Hassan, Mysuru, Raichur, Shivamogga,
Hubballi. The Passport Seva Kendras were started Tumakuru, Udupi, Vijayapura. The details of
with a good intention in Karnataka and Punjab Passport Fees are given below in Table 7.34.
Table 7.34 Details of Passport Fees
Sl. Application Additional
Service Required
No Fee Tatkal Fee
Fresh Passport/Re-issue of Passport including additional booklet due to exhaustion of visa pages
1 Rs.1,500/-* Rs.2,000/-*
(36 pages) of 10 years validity.
Fresh Passport/Re-issue of Passport including additional booklet due to exhaustion of visa pages
2 Rs.2,000/- Rs.2,000/-
(60 pages) of 10 years validity.
Fresh Passport/Re-issue of Passport for Minors (below 18 years of Age), of 5 years validity or till
3. Rs.1,000/- Rs.2,000/-
the minor attains the age of 18 whichever is earlier (36 pages)
4. Replacement of Passport (36 pages) in lieu of lost, damaged or stolen passport Rs.3,000/- Rs.2,000/-
5. Replacement of Passport (60 pages) in lieu of lost, damaged or stolen passport Rs.3,500/- Rs.2,000/-
6. 3ROLFH&OHDUDQFH&HUWL¿FDWH 3&& Rs.500/- NA
Replacement of Passport (36 pages) for deletion of ECR/ Change in personal particulars (10 year
7. Rs.1,500/- Rs.2,000/-
validity)
Replacement of Passport (60 pages) for deletion of ECR/ Change in personal particulars (10 year
8. Rs.2,000/- Rs.2,000/-
validity)
Replacement of Passport (36 pages) for deletion of ECR/ Change in personal particulars for Minors
9. (below 18 years of Age), of 5 years validity or till the minor attains the age of 18 whichever is Rs.1,000/- Rs.2,000/-
earlier.
Source : Passportindia.gov.in website.
Fee is non-refundable. WATER TRANSPORT
* Also applicable for minors between 15 to 18 Karnataka, a maritime State with a coastal line
years of age, who wish to get a 10-year full of about 300 km with one major port and 12 mi-
validity passport. nor ports. While the New Mangaluru major port is
** If the application for a new passport is made under the control of Ministry of Shipping, Govern-
under Tatkal scheme, tatkal fee is to be paid ment of India and the remaining 12 minor ports
in addition to the application fee mentioned are under the control of the State Government.
above. Among the 12 minor ports, Karwar and Old Man-
JDOXUXSRUWVKDYHKDQGOHGVLJQLÀFDQWYROXPHVRI
Fee schedule would be restructured after the
cargo. For more details see Table 7.35. 517
nationwide rollout of the Passport Seva Project.
Table 7.35 Cargo Handled by State Minor Ports
Cargo Handled in 1000 MT
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
Ports
2018-19 up to
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18
November 2018
Old Mangaluru 115.89 98.00 121.67 74.59 39.418
Karwar 525.07 714.00 582.80 599.12 470.399
Malpe, Belekeri, Hangarkatta &
2.31 3.00 3.05 1.39 0.218
Kundapur
Total 643.27 815.00 707.52 675.10 510.035
Source : Department of Ports and Inland Water Transport
To provide better infrastructure facilities and an estimate for Rs.65 crores is submitted to
by developing state minor ports with Private Lakshadweep Administration for approval.
Investment, the State Government formulated
“Karnataka Minor Port Development Policy-2014”
and the process for the development of Tadadi,
Belekeri, Pavinakurve on PPP Mode was initiated.
The port land has been sanctioned on lease
basis to M/s Honnavar Port Limited, Hyderabad
at Honnavar port to handle with 5 MTPA capacity.
The Ministry of Shipping, Government of India
has prepared Techno Economic feasibility report
for the development of Belekeri Port as a satellite
Port to NMPT under Sagarmala Scheme. The State
Nada Doni
Government has given concurrence to Government
of India for the development of Belekeri Port.
The State Government has received proposal
for the development of Pavinakurve Port in Uttar
Kannada District under swiss challenge method
by M/s JSW, Mumbai. M/s JSW has prepared
DPR and submitted it to the Government. On the
request of the Department, the I-deck updated
DQG ÀQDOL]HG WKH '35 ZLWK WKH DVVLVWDQFH RI
Indian Ports Association (IPA) and I-deck is
Daily Passanger, Boat Transport
preparing the bid document. The Government
LQVWUXFWHG 0V -6: 0XPEDL WR ÀQDOL]H WKH
DPR as suggested by the I-deck & IPA. As per
LQVWUXFWLRQV 0V -6: 0XPEDL ÀQDOL]HG WKH
DPR, and the report is under examination.
Development of 34 MTPA Capacity Modern Sea
Deep Draft Green Field Port at Tadadi has been
taken up at an estimated cost of Rs.3,800 Crores
by Infrastructure Development Department (IDD).
IDD has prepared DPR and EIA studies.
Boat House
The Government of Karnataka has allotted 8000
sq m of port land at Mangaluru old port and signed Centrally Sponsored Coastal Berth Scheme:
Government of India has approved revised
518 land lease agreement for construction of dedicated
jetty for the use of Lakshadweep administration Centrally sponsored Scheme for providing support
to Major/Non-major Ports/State Government for Anti Sea Erosion Works : During the year
creation of infrastructures to promote movement 2017-18 an amount of Rs. 56.72 crore has been
of cargo/passengers by sea/ national waterways. spent under the head of Account 4711 and
COMMUNICATIONS
TRANSPORT AND
The CSS Scheme is administered by Ministry constructed 4280 m long anti sea erosion works
of Shipping with the following conditions for at severe erosion places of 3 coastal districts. Rs.
assistance. 9.86 crore budgetary allocation has been provided
for the year 2018-19 for construction of 900 m
7KHÀQDQFLDODVVLVWDQFHXQGHUWKHVFKHPHZLOO
length long term sea erosion protection wall and
be given only for (a) Construction/ upgradation
works are under progress.
of (i) exclusive coastal berths for coastal cargo
(ii) berths/jetties for passenger ferries in major/ Sustainable Coastal Protection and
non major ports (b) Construction of platforms/ Management Program: Sustainable Coastal
jetties for hovercrafts/seaplanes by ports (Major Protection and Management Plan with loan
Ports, Non major Ports/State Governments) assistance from Asian Development Bank at
in port waters and (c) Construction of berths/ an estimated cost of Rs.911 crore is being
jetties in National Waterways and Islands by implemented. Under Tranche-1, coastal protection
State Governments concerned (d) Mechanization works were taken up at Ullal in Dakshina Kannada
of coastal berths for Major Ports and Non-major District for construction of 8 inshore berms, 2
Ports (e) Capital dredging grant for operating non- offshore reefs and 1300m of breakwater and an
major ports and (f) Construction of breakwater for expenditure of Rs.230.69 crore has been incurred.
H[LVWLQJDQG*UHHQÀHOGSRUWV
Under Tranche-II, coastal protection works
Financial assistance would be upto 50 per are being taken up at Someshwara in Dakshina
cent of the total cost of the project subject to (i) Kannada District, Yermal Thenka, Udyavara,
a maximum of Rs.25 crore. for project relates Kodikanyana, Kodibengre and Marvanthe in
to construction/upgradation of coastal berths Udupi Districts and from Bailur to Gangakolle in
by Major/Non-major ports, (ii) a maximum of Uttara Kannda District for a coast length of about
Rs.10 Cr. for construction of platforms/jetties 54.00 km at an estimated amount of Rs.640 crore.
for hovercrafts and seaplanes by Ports/State
A Coastal Infrastructure Management Unit has
Governments and passenger jetties in National
been established as a requirement of the ADB loan
Waterways and Islands by State Governments,
project. Shoreline Management Plans for the entire
(iii) a maximum of Rs.15 cr. for mechanization of
Karnataka and for the 3 coastal districts have
berths by Major/Non-major ports (iv) a maximum
been prepared. This plan is now being updated
of Rs.50 cr. for capital dredging of operational
with more detailed information. A fully functional
Non-Major Ports; and (v) a maximum of Rs.50 cr.
Coastal Management Information System has
for construction of breakwater for existing and
EHHQ GHYHORSHG IRU WKH ÀUVW WLPH IRU WKH VWDWH $
*UHHQÀHOG SRUWV 7KH EDODQFH H[SHQGLWXUH KDV
series of training programs have been conducted
to be incurred by the respective ports/concerned
to the key stakeholders on various topics related
State Government from their own resources.
to coastal processes, coastal protection, coastal
Ministry of Shipping, GoI has approved the regulations, environmental and construction
following 4 State Projects to be taken up at management.
Karwar and Old Mangaluru Port.
Inland Water Transport Activities : In
PROJECT 1 - Construction of Coastal Berth of Karnataka State, the Inland Water Transport wing
250 mtr at Karwar Port. has been created under the Department of Ports in
PROJECT 2 - Construction of Existing south the year 1972 on the recommendations of Gokhale
breakwater by 145 m and construction of Committee and Bhagavathi Committee to look
new north breakwater of 1160 m at Karwar after the administration, maintenance, control
Port. and regulation of the Ferries and Waterways by
PROJECT 3- Capital dredging at Old Mangaluru providing modernized Dumb Boats, LCTs. FRP
Port (Bengre side). Boats and Mechanised Steel and Wooden Boats.
PROJECT 4 -Construction of Coastal berth at According to the latest review, 334 ferries are
Old Mangaluru Port. operating in the state, out of which 15 Ferries 519
are operated by the Department and 42 Ferries provide minimum Port facilities. The Karwar,
operated by public auction under the Technical Belikeri and Honnavar ports commenced
control of the department. Remaining 277 Ferries exporting iron ore during 1957 and 1960.
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
are operated by Zilla/Taluk/Gram Panchayat. During the Third Plan period, the outlay was
The personnel working in the department are well Rs.280.3 lakhs. The Centre accorded sanction
WUDLQHG LQ WKH ÀHOG RQ 1DYLJDWLRQ DQG 1DXWLFDO for the development of New Mangaluru Port at
Technology. The above Ferry services are mainly Panambur into an all weather port. Also included
provided to cater shore to shore transportation of in the Third Plan, was the scheme of developing
Men and materials of the remotest rural areas, Karwar into an all-weather port. The Fourth
which are not, connected either with road or Plan outlay was Rs.128 lakhs. The minor ports
rail transportation. They are service oriented VDZ LQFUHDVH LQ WKH WUDIÀF RI JHQHUDO FDUJR DQG
facilities to the rural commuters for their daily ÀVKHULHVDQGFDUJRKDQGOLQJFDSDFLW\RIWKHSRUWV
requirements. reached 14.43 lakh tonnes. To cope up with the
increase in the cargo movement, it was proposed
Details of passengers and different vehicles
to improve port facilities during Fifth Plan. The
transported during 2015-16 through departmental
total investment proposed for Fifth Plan was
run ferries are as follows and revenue earned is
Rs.850 lakhs. The proposed expenditure during
Rs. 57,54,936/-.
the same period, by way of Central grant for the
Sl. development of Karwar port was Rs.257.24 lakhs.
7UDI¿F Details
No. The strategy during the subsequent Annual Plans
1 Passengers 21,44,164 Nos. was to complete on-going schemes, construction
2 Cargo (in Qntl) 4,92,594 Kg of wharves, jetties and other facilities, purchasing
3 Two wheelers 1,78,429 Nos. dredging machinery, installation of Navigational
4 Animals 297 Nos. HTXLSPHQWVHWF7KHWUDIÀFLQQLQHSRUWVH[FHHGHG
5 Bus 12,353 Nos. 11 lakh tonnes annually.
6 Lorry 1,581 Nos. %DVHG RQ WKH WUDIÀF YROXPH .DUZDU SRUW ZDV
7 Jeep, Van and Car 94,281 Nos. taken up for development as an all-weather port,
Source : Public Works, Ports & Inland Water Transport at a cost of Rs.8.5 crores under the State sector.
Department Other ports selected for development due to more
WUDIÀF SRWHQWLDO ZHUH %HOLNHUL 7DGUL +RQQDYDU
OCEAN TRANSPORT
Bhatkal, Kundapur, Hangarakatta, Mangaluru
There were no ports in the Old Mysuru State.
old port and Malpe. A sum of Rs.1,750 lakhs was
Attempts were made to acquire and develop
spent for the development of ports during the IX
Bhatkal Port when Sir M.Visweshvaraya was the
Plan period (1997-2002) in Karnataka
Diwan of Mysuru State. Finally, this proposal was
shelved in 1923. After the integration of the States, Ports of Karnataka
Karnataka came to have 18 ports, in addition to Karwar Port : Karwar port has been considered
the major ports of Karwar and Mangaluru. These DVRQHRIWKHÀQHVWQDWXUDOSRUWVLQWKHZRUOG,W
ports are located in the coastal districts of Uttara was predicated that the cargo movement through
Kannada, Udupi and Dakshina Kannada. They are this port would be around seven million tonnes
Bhatkal, Shirali, Murdeshwar, Manki, Honnavar, during 1995-96. The main export items are iron/
Kumta, Tadri, Ankola, Belikeri, Chendiya, Binaga, manganese ore, granite blocks, agricultural, forest
Karwar and Majali in Uttara Kannada. Mangaluru and marine products. Now it has also been declared
(Old Port), New Mangaluru Port (Panamburu) as customs port and as an all-weather port. The
Malpe in Dakshina Kannada and Hangarakatta, total cargo handled (both import and export) during
Kundapur and Baindur in Udupi Districts. These 1999-2000 was 4,59,400 metric tonnes. During
ports could not get proper attention earlier due 2003-04, it handled 3,25,845 tonnes of imports
to the presence of major ports like Bombay and DQGWRQQHVRIH[SRUWV8QGHU7HQWKÀYH
Cochin (Western Ghats) on the west coast along year plan (2006-07) a sum of Rs.2,800 crores has
with Goa, though it was under the Portuguese. been allotted for the improvement of Karwar Port.
'XULQJ WKH ÀUVW WZR \HDUV RI WKLV SODQ SHULRG D
520 In 1957, Mysuru Port Department was formed sum of Rs.781.11 lakhs has been spent for its
and a sum of Rs.18 lakhs was sanctioned to improvement and development. During 2006-07
Rs.293 lakhs has been spent for improvement. It During 2017-18 Rs. 11,54 Lakhs was spent for
has earned a revenue of Rs.13.38 crores during its improvement and Revenue Earned Rs.30.14 in
2006-07. It handled 2,716 thousand tons of goods lakhs in 2018-19.
COMMUNICATIONS
TRANSPORT AND
WUDIÀF GXULQJ 'XULQJ H[SRUW
Padubidri : This is a newly declared port,
of 9,58,460 metric tonnes of goods and import
located towards south from Hangarakatta. There
of 1,68,543 metric tonnes of goods were made
were no overseas commercial activities from this
HDUQLQJDGLUHFWSURÀWRI5V 7KHWRWDO
port in 2010-11.
cargo handled (both import and export) during
2018-19 was 9,46,160 (import 7,62,307 MTs, Bhatkal Port: In olden times Bhatkal was an
and export 1,83,853 MTs). Rs 59.34 spent for important trading centre for foreign trade. This
its improvement and development and Revenue natural port, was a major outlet on the West Coast
Earned Rs.1,667.51 in Lakhs. during Vijayanagara times. Bhatkal is situated
about 40 km. to the south of Honnavar and at
Belikeri Port: The Port handled exports of about
the mouth of the Sharavathi river. Commercial
60,895 metric tonnes of iron/manganese ore,
WUDIÀFWKURXJKWKLVSRUWLVYHU\QHJOLJLEOH$VXP
during 1992-93. A sum of 90 lakhs was allotted
of Rs.8 lakhs has been spent for its development
in the Eighth Plan for the development of the port.
GXULQJ WKH ÀUVW WZR \HDUV RI th plan period.
It is located about 30 km. to the South of Karwar
Rs.4 lakhs was spent during 2006-07 for its
in Ankola Taluk. It handled 96,960 tonnes of
development. During 2010-11, there was no
exports During 2003-04. Under the 10th Plan for
overseas commercial activity.
its improvement a sum of Rs.6.58 lakhs has been
spent during 2003-04. Rs.one lakh was spent Honnavar : It is situated at the mouth of the
during 2006-07 for its improvement. In 2010-11, Sharavati River and second important port after
18,30,620 metric tonnes of Iron ore was exported Karwar. The port has been developed during the
from this port. During 2016-17 Rs.25 lakhs was successive Five Year Plans. Total exports handled
spend for its improvement and development and by the port were 1,609 M.tonnes, during 1992-
Revenue Earned Rs. 0.17 lakhs in 2018-19. 93. A sum of Rs.12.85 lakhs has been spent for
LWVGHYHORSPHQWGXULQJWKHÀUVWWZR\HDUVRIth
Tadri Port: The Port lies at the mouth of
plan period. Rs.4 lakhs was spent during 2006-
Aghanashini, about 54 km. north of Honnavar.
07 for its upliftment. During 2010-11, there were
About 2,790 tonnes of silica sand was exported
no overseas commercial activities. During 2018-
through this port during 1992-93. It reduced
19 Rs 17.45 lakhs was spent for its improvement
to only 610 metric tonnes during 1999-2000. It
and Revenue Earned Rs 45.25 in Lakhs.
handled only 815 tonnes of exports during 2003-
'XULQJWKHÀUVWWZR\HDUVRIth plan period a Malpe : The Malpe port is located at the
sum of Rs.13 lakhs was spent for its development, FRQÁXHQFH RI 8G\DYDUD 5LYHU DQG OLHV NP WR
Rs.10 lakhs being spent during 2006-07. During WKHQRUWKRI0DQJDOXUXDQGÀYHNPWRWKHZHVWRI
2010-11, there were no commercial activities Udupi. About 17,700 tonnes of silica sand export
related to shipping. During 2017-18 and 2018- were handled by this port in 1992-93. In 1999-
19 was spent Rs.24.15 Lakhs for its improvement 2000, 17,105 metric tonnes of silica sand was
and development and Revenue Earned Rs 3.81 in exported from this port. It handled 1,223 tonnes
Lakhs. of Imports and 9650 tonnes of exports during
2003-04. A sum of 148.67 lakhs has been spent
Kundapur Port : It is located about 33km. to
IRU LWV GHYHORSPHQW GXULQJ WKH ÀUVW WZR \HDUV RI
the north of Udupi, the district head quarters,
10th plan period. Rs.66 lakhs was spent to improve
DW WKH FRQÁXHQFH RI *DQJROOL ULYHU 7KHUH ZDV
the port during 2006-07. It handled only 14
FRQVLGHUDEOH PRYHPHQW RI WUDIÀF WKURXJK WKLV
WKRXVDQGWRQQHVRIJRRGVWUDIÀFGXULQJ
port, prior to the development of Karwar port.
In 2010-11, it handled commercial activity related
About 5,538 metric tonnes of goods were exported
to ocean. The total cargo handled during 2018-19,
from this port in 1992-93. About 46,445 metric
218 mts. The amount of Rs. 81.88 Lakhs allotted
tonnes of cargo was handled during 1999-2000.
for the improvement in 2016-17 of and Revenue
'XULQJ WKH ÀUVW WZR \HDUV RI th Plan period, a
earned Rs 45.43 and Rs. 38.18 lakhs in 2017-18.
sum of Rs.13 lakhs was spent for its development.
521
No expenditure was made during 2006-07. Hangarakatta : This port lies at the mouth of
the Sitanadi and at a distance of 22 km. south spent on various developmental activities. Nothing
of Kundapur. During 1992-93, only 80 metric was spent during 2006-07 for the improvement of
tonnes of cargo was exported from this port. A Padubidri port.
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
sum of Rs.2 lakhs has been spent during 2003-
Among the minor ports Karwar, Belikeri, Malpe
04 for its development. Rs. 1 lakh being spent
DQG2OG0DQJDOXUXSRUWVKDYHKDQGOHGVLJQLÀFDQW
to improve it during 2006-07. During 2010-11,
volumes of cargo. The considerable drop in cargo
there were no overseas commercial activities. The
handled during 2011-12 & 2012-13 (upto Sept-
total cargo handled export) during 2016-17 951
12) is due to ban on Iron Ore Extraction. Towards
Mts. And Rs.one lakh spent for its improvement
improving the infrastructure of the minor ports,
and development and Revenue Earned Rs 4.28 in
an investment of Rs.Four crore has been made by
Lakhs.
September 2012. The construction of 2nd stage of
Old Mangaluru Port : No major development Karwar port is proposed to be taken up through PPP
took place in the development of Mangaluru old mode and, appointment of Transaction Advisor is
port during the previous six plans. The old port being done for the preparation of detailed project
is located about ten km. South of New Mangaluru UHSRUW$QWLVHDHURVLRQZRUNVDQGÁRRGFRQWURO
Port at the Gurupura river bank and at the place
Works have been taken up and an expenditure
where the rivers Gurupura and Nethravathi join
of Rs 1.37 crore has been incurred upto
sea and controlled by the State Government. By
September-2012. The Ports and Inland Water
taking into account the transactions of this port
Transport Department is also implementing
and its Shipping needs, it was decided to develop
the Sustainable Coastal Protection Project with
the port at an estimated cost of about 12.5 crores,
assistance from Asian Development Bank at Ullal
in the VII Plan, construction of wharf and dredging
in Dakshina Kannada District at an estimated
of inner channel were completed. Total imports
cost of Rs. 223 crore. and the loan agreement has
and exports routed through this port in 1992-
already been signed. The total cargo handled (both
93, was 58,374 metric tonnes. This port also
import and export) during 2018-19, 97,804 (import
provided sea transportations to the Lakshadweep
2,471 mts, and export 95,333 mts). Rs.247.61
Islands. It handled 12,025 tonnes of imports
spent for its improvement and development and
and 94,808 tonnes of Exports during 2003-04.
Revenue Earned Rs 421.81 in Lakhs.
A sum of Rs.455.10 lakhs has been spent for its
LPSURYHPHQW GXULQJ WKH ÀUVW WZR \HDUV RI WKH New Mangaluru Port: The Mangaluru Harbour
10th plan period. Besides these, steps are being SURMHFW ZDV VWDUWHG LQ DQG WKH ÀUVW VWDJH
taken for the improvement of Old Mangaluru development was completed in May 1974. The
port. Government of India has accorded sanction New Mangaluru Port has been developed into
for handling petroleum products through Karwar an all-weather major port, by the Government
port. Container service has been introduced there of India. The port was declared in 1974, as the
to serve Northern Karnataka. During 2010-11, ninth major port in the country and was developed
it handled 1,35,883 metric tons of goods and over the years. Till 31-03-1980, both the project
collected a total revenue of Rs.1,73,86,296/- and the port were centrally administered by the
. The Karwar, Belikeri, Tadri, Malpe, Honnavar, Government of India. On 01-04-1980, The port
Bhatkal, Hangarakatta and Old Mangaluru Ports Board was set up under the Major Port Trusts
together have handled 3.12 lakh metric tonnes of Act, 1963. The Port is a modern all-weather Port
exports and 2.27 lakhs metric tonnes of imports situated at Panambur, Mangaluru (Karnataka
for the year 1999-2000. During 2003-04 they State in South India) on the West Coast of India,
went upto 8.28 lakh metric tonnes and 3.39 lakh 170 nautical miles South of Mormugao and 191
metric tonnes respectively. The old Mangaluru nautical miles North of Cochin Port.
port has earned a revenue of Rs. 1.28 crores during
During Eighth Plan, a sum of Rs.60 crores was
2006-07. Passengers traveling facility being used
allotted by the centre. Apart from it, some more
by 18233 passengers from the port. It handled
facilities are expected to be created to handle
RQO\ WRQQHV RI FDUJR WUDIÀF GXULQJ
crude oil, coal, LPG etc., and the user agencies
08. For the development of the Padubidri port a
have also agreed to meet the expenditure. Now
sum of Rs.99,000 has been spent during 2003-
522 this port is being administered by New Mangaluru
04. During 2006-07, a sum of Rs.230 lakhs being
Port Trust Board under Government of India. During 1974-75 it handled only 0.09 million tonnes of
cargo through 77 ships and during 1984-85 it has gone upto 3.38 million tonnes and 342 ships. During
1994-95, the cargo handled was 8 million tonnes and ships visited were 514. During 2004-05 it had
COMMUNICATIONS
TRANSPORT AND
gone upto 33.89 million tonnes and cargo ships visited the port was 1,057. During 2006-07 it handled
PLOOLRQWRQQHVRIWUDIÀFZLWK PLOOLRQWRQQHVRILPSRUWVDQGPLOOLRQWRQQHVRIH[SRUWV
It also handled 1015 vessels including18 cruise vessels during 2006-07.
Excluding the new Mangaluru port, and the Karwar, Malpe and Old Mangaluru ports, the cargo
WUDIÀFKDQGOHGDWRWKHUPLQRUSRUWVGXULQJZDVWKRXVDQGWRQQHV'XULQJ 1HZ
Mangaluru Port earned a revenue of Rs.363.18 crores with an expenditure of Rs.238.51 crores and a
SURÀWRI5VFURUHV,QWKHVDPH\HDUJRRGVZRUWK5VODNKVPHWULFWRQVZHUHLPSRUWHGDQG
Rs.129.59 lakhs metric tons of goods were exported. For more details see Table 7.36.
7DEOH7UDIÀF+DQGOHG'XULQJWR LQ/DNKWRQQHV
Sl.No Name of the Commodity 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
A. IMPORTS
1 POL (IOC/BPCL) 3.67 2.49 5.52 6.57 8.08 8.84
2 Crude Oil (MRPL) 149.41 144.02 158.89 166.84 160.31 172.45
3 LPG 14.88 15.63 18.07 20.27 22.09 22.09
4 Fertilizer 4.54 6.49 7.32 4.09 5.62 3.65
5 Wooden Logs 3.13 0.64 0.04 0.14 0.15 0.12
6 Edible Oil 5.43 6.64 6.99 6.88 7.88 7.45
7 Coal 83.48 81.42 62.77 68.39 66.64 64.63
8 Liquid Ammonia 0.50 0.48 0.69 0.85 0.87 0.86
9 Phosphoric Acid 1.38 1.34 1.29 1.77 1.92 1.71
10 Cement (Mech) 1.88 2.98 2.76 2.60 2.75 2.35
11 Limestone 0.55 0.28 - 0.94 0.55 0.55
12 12 Containerised cargo 3.94 4.35 6.45 8.32 10.34 12.01
13 Others 20.38 16.49 9.03 23.69 35.22 31.24
Total (A) 293.17 283.25 279.81 311.35 322.41 327.94
B. EXPORTS
1 POL Products(MRPL) 78.52 67.58 56.83 57.32 56.69 55.07
2 Iron Ore Pellets 14.65 4.98 3.78 13.85 23.72 22.77
3 Iron Ore Fines - 0.16 - - - -
4 Granite stone 0.13 0.11 1.44 1.16 0.41 -
5 Containerised cargo 3.94 4.35 4.60 5.79 7.09 7.18
6 Others 3.24 5.23 9.36 9.98 10.24 12.12
Total (B) 100.48 82.41 76.01 88.10 98.15 97.14
GRAND TOTAL: A+B 393.65 365.66 355.82 399.45 420.56 425.08
The operational performance of New Mangaluru Port Trust is furnished here for reference. For more
details see Table 7.37.
Table 7.37.Operational Performance of New Mangaluru Port Trust (NMPT) during 2018-19
Performance Indicators 2018-19
7RWDO7UDI¿F ,QPLOOLRQWRQV 42.51
No. of vessels handled 1,346*
Pre-berthing delay (In days) 1.10**
523
Average Turn Round Time (In days) 1.93
Average Parcel size (In tons) 32,666
Average Output per berth day (In tons) 18,126
Average Output per hook per shift (In tons) 1,798
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
* Including passenger, bunkering and navy vessels. Number of Cargo vessels -1,295.
** Average pre-berthing delay.
7KHÀQDQFLDOSHUIRUPDQFHRIWKH1HZ0DQJDOXUX3RUWIRUWKHODVWIRXU\HDUVLVJLYHQEHORZ)RUPRUH
details see Table 7.38 to 7.41.
Table 7.38. Financial Performance of New Mangaluru Port Trust (NMPT) Over The Years 2012-13
to 2018-19
2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
Income (Rs.crores) 431.08 406.80 439.90 417.76 495.31 547.46 703.32
Expdenditure (Rs.crores) 279.82 279.79 308.95 300.57 351.06 356.92 439.25
Net Surplus (Rs.crores) 151.26 127.01 130.94 117.18 144.25 190.54 264.06
Table 7.39.Goods transport in Ports from 2011-12 to 2018-19
(In 1000 Metric tons)
Year
Port
2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
Old Mangaluru 87.83 162.07 120.26 128.1 119.03 121.66 79.89 97.80
Karwar 497.19 441.19 377.09 525.70 714.35 582.80 599.12 946.16
Belikeri - 2.15 0.40 - 0.47 0.83 0.4 -
Malpe 2.73 2.90 2.35 1.14 0.91 0.11 1.04 0.21
Source: Public Works, Ports and Inland Water Transport.
7DEOH7UDIÀFKDQGOHGE\3RUWV ¶07V IURPWR
Port 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
Old Mangaluru 120264 128100 119032 121688 79866 97804
Karwar 377098 525070 714357 582806 599127 946160
Belikeri 409 - 470 834 400 -
Malpe 2355 1142 910 1116 1046 218
Source: Public Works, Ports and Inland Water Transport.
Table 7.41.The total cargo handled and revenue earned during 2014 -15 to 2018-19
Sl.
Details 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
No
The total Cargo handled both import
1
and export (in metric tons)
Import 28,324,847 27,980,937 31,135,265 32,240,639 32,794,036
Export 8,241,491 7,601,493 8,810,159 9,814,811 9,713,984
Total 36,566,338 35,582,430 39,945,424 42,055,450 42,508,020
Revenue earned in last Five years
2 393.66 364.71 454.51 504.76 600.50
(in Crores)
Source: Public Works, Ports and Inland Water Transport.
Anti Sea Erosion Works: The coastline of Karnataka State stretching from Majali in the North to Ullal
in the South, passes through three districts i.e., Uttara Kannada, Udupi and Dakshina Kannada. Out
of the 300 Kms. long coastline of State, about 240.54 kms. long coastlines is subjected to Sea Erosion.
The tidal reaches of as many as 14 rivers like Kali, Belekeri, Gangavali, Aghanashini, Sharavathi,
Kollur, Sitanadi, Udyavara, Gurupur, Netravathi etc., are also subjected to river bank erosion. It is very
524 essential to protect the public property like roads, buildings etc. by construction of long term sea wall
and emergent protection works during monsoon wherever severe erosion is taking place.
During the year 2015-16 an amount of Rs. &RLPEDWRUH+HDGRIÀFHWR%HQJDOXUX+HDGRIÀFH
2972.12 lakhs has been spent under the head of in 1889. In 1891, Money Order services were
Account 4711 and constructed 2,500 Mtrs. long WUDQVIHUUHGIURP6WDWH7UHDVXU\WR3RVW2IÀFHV
COMMUNICATIONS
TRANSPORT AND
Sea wall.
7KH 2OG SRVW RIÀFHV LQ .RGDJX GLVWULFW ZHUH
POSTAL SERVICES Virajpet (1864), Madikeri (1870) and Ammathi
As early as 17th century, Old Mysuru State (1871). Post was directly transported from Mysuru
had local postal system called ‘Anche’, the word Railway Station to Madikeri on Horse carts in
popularised by prince Chikkadevaraya. ‘Anche’, 1894. District Postal Department was under the
being the Kannada form of ‘Hamsa’, the messenger control of PMG Madras. The postal division of
used by Nala and Damyanti of epic fame. Dakshina Kannada included the entire district
Under Odeyars, it was a part of the intelligence and a part of the present Kerala. Ballari district
department and was headed by the Anche Bakshi. in the Madras Presidency had a postal division.
,PSHULDO 3RVW 2IÀFHV ZRUNLQJ XQGHU WKH %ULWLVK 7KHUHZHUHSRVWRIÀFHVDW.XPWDDQG.DUZDULQ
at Srirangapatna, Hunsur and Tumakuru were %HVLGHVWKHUHZHUHVXESRVWRIÀFHVDQG
included in the Anche Dept.of the two imperial YLOODJH SRVW RIÀFHV DOVR ZHUH ZRUNLQJ GXULQJ
postal lines functioning, the Bengaluru-Bombay the same period.
postal route was passing through Chitradurga and
Harihara; the other from Bengaluru to Mangaluru In Hyderabad-Karnataka, the Nizam’s Govt.
via Mysuru and Madikeri. There were imperial had a Postal Department of its own and the
3RVW 2IÀFHV DW SODFHV OLNH %HQJDOXUX 0\VXUX Govt. Service mail was carried and delivered by
Harihara and Pandavapura in the princely state of WKHRUGHUOLHVRUVDZDUV,Q WKHÀUVWSRVWDJH
Mysuru (French Rocks). The British had opened stamp of Hyderabad was introduced and postal
WKHLU SRVW RIÀFHV DW %HQJDOXUX &DQWRQPHQW DQG insurance scheme in 1907. There was a British
0DQJDOXUX GXULQJ WKH ÀUVW GHFDGH RI WKH th ,QGLDQ3RVWRIÀFHDW+XPQDEDG7KHSRVWDOGHSW
century and other centres of Bombay-Karnataka of Hyderabad was merged with central postal
during the second and third decades of the 19th system on 1.4.1950. The Hyderabad Karnataka
FHQWXU\'KDUZDGKDGDSRVWRIÀFHLQDQG region was under the Kalaburagi postal division
+XEEDOOL LQ 7KH QXPEHU RI SRVW RIÀFHV from 1959-60.
rose from 180 (1882) to 412 (1886) in the Mysuru The Vijayapura and Belagavi districts were under
Kingdom and Quarter Anna post cards were the Southern Maratha Postal division in 1884 and
introduced in old Mysuru. The Mysuru Anche WKH +HDG RIÀFHV ZHUH IXQFWLRQLQJ DW 9LMD\DSXUD
system until its merger with the imperial postal Kaladgi and Belagavi. In Belagavi district 40 post
department in 1889 was rendering services at a RIÀFHV DQG RQH WHOHJUDSK RIÀFH DW %HODJDYL ZHUH
very cheap rate. functioning during 1884. From Bombay to Karwar,
For some time, in the beginning, the post was posts were carried by steamers once a week. In
carried by the runners and delivered to the 1803, a runner route was opened between Bombay
destinations. There was a cart line service between and Madras via Belagavi, Dharwad, Harihara and
Madras and Bengaluru. After the completion of Bengaluru. About 230 runners were employed for
Railway line between Bengaluru and Madras in this purpose. Another runner route was passing
1864, mail was transported in trains. With the from Malabar to Bombay through Honnavar
introduction of motor vehicles during the early and Dharwad. Postal bags were exchanged at
decades of 20th century, mail was carried by the Dharwad, since it was an important centre in the
PRWRUEXVHV7KH%HQJDOXUX*HQHUDO3RVW2IÀFH postal system.
(GPO) was opened in 1800 and was one of the most In 1921-22, the Director of Industries and
LPSRUWDQW SRVW RIÀFHV LQ WKH 0DGUDV FLUFOH DIWHU &RPPHUFH ZDV DSSRLQWHG DV OLDLVRQ RIÀFHU
Madras GPO. In 1854, Bengaluru was a Saddar between the State and the British Post and
RU +HDG 2IÀFH DQG 6XERUGLQDWH RIÀFHV DWWDFKHG Telegraph Department. There were four Head
to it were Pandavapura (French Rocks), Hunsur, RIÀFHV VXERIÀFHVDQG%UDQFKRIÀFHVLQ
Harihara, Madikeri, Mysuru, Shivamogga, the Princely Mysuru State during 1923-24.
Srirangapatna and Tumakuru. In 1870, there
were receiving houses at Bengaluru Cantonment With the formation of Karnataka Post and
525
and Bengaluru city. Kollegal was transferred from Telegraph Circle on 1.4.1960, Kalaburagi Division
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
526
Stamp Collection (Related to Karnataka)
RQ0DUFKWKHUHZHUH 3RVW2IÀFHVLQ
the State. But by March 2008, it had come down
WR $PRQJ WKHP SRVW RIÀFHV ZHUH
COMMUNICATIONS
TRANSPORT AND
ORFDWHG LQ 8UEDQ DUHDV DQG SRVW RIÀFHV
ORFDWHG LQ UXUDO DUHDV (DFK SRVW RIÀFH VHUYHG D
population of 5,725 people and covered an area
of 19.5 sq.km. in the State as against to 7,174
SHRSOHDQGVTNPSHUSRVWRIÀFHV
As on March 2010, there were 9,820 Post
RIÀFHV WKHUH ZHUH SRVW RIÀFHV
First Day Postal Cover
%HODJDYLGLVWULFWZLWKSRVWRIÀFHVUDQNHGÀUVW
(Hyderabad circle); Dharwad and Belagavi DQG &KLNNDEDOODSXU ZLWK RIÀFHV ZDV DW WKH
Divisions (Bombay circle): Belagavi, Mysuru, bottom.
Dakshina Kannada and Ballari Divisions (Madras
Circle) were transferred to the Karnataka Postal The number of letter boxes which stood at 8,557
Circle. One Railway Mail Service (RMS) Division at in 1960, rose to 27,348 in 1992, an almost 319
Bengaluru (Q division) was also transferred from per cent increase over the last few decades, The
Madras Circle. Under the control of this division, number of letter boxes in use by March 2000
WKHUH ZHUH VL[ 506 VRUWLQJ RIÀFHV LQ UXQQLQJ was 30,367 comprised of 8,105 boxes at urban
trains. There is a phenomenal increase in the places and 22,262 boxes in rural areas. There
postal activities after the formation of Karnataka were 8,060 rented post boxes, 401 postbags, 177
&LUFOH$VRQ WKHUHZHUH SRVWRIÀFHV post boxes cum bags earning a total revenue of
LQWKH6WDWHDQGRQDQDYHUDJHRQHSRVWRIÀFHZDV Rs. 13,05,701 from them, There are also seven
there for every 48.38 sq.km. and to a population of 1LJKW 3RVW 2IÀFHV ZRUNLQJ DW %HQJDOXUX DQG
5,934. On 1.7.1965, the Quick Mail Service (QMS) each 1 in Mysuru, Davanagere, Hampanakatta
was started between Bengaluru and Delhi and (Mangaluru), Belagavi and Hubballi. Two Philatelic
later it was extended to the district headquarters Bureaux in the state are at Bengaluru GPO and
and other centres, three Speed Post center were Mangaluru H.O. Since 2000, all H.O.’s have been
located at Bengaluru, Mysuru and Mangaluru. authorized to open philatelic counters. The mail is
In Bengaluru alone there were 33 speed post carried over a route length of 11,443 km. by rail,
booking centers apart from six in Mangaluru and 1,00,459 km. by road, 12,195 km. by runners and
three in Mysuru. Point to point Speed Post Facility 32,334 km. by other modes in the State. The total
is available in many cities. There are at present revenue earned from all sources by the department
eight speed post centres on national network during the year was Rs.135.12 crores as against
and 28 Speed post centres at state level, with a the working expenditure of 218.44 crores. The
revenue earning of Rs. 12,42,984 from speed Postal Training Centre at Mysuru is imparting
post service. The Corresponding statistics as on training to the newly recruited postal assistants,
ZDV SRVWRIÀFHVRQDQDYHUDJH sorters, instructors and others. As a result of
of one for every 19.80 sq.km. and for a population liberalization, private agencies like Courier, VRL,
of 4,680. By March 1999, there were 9,852 post Professionals, DTDC, The Franch Express and
RIÀFHV ZRUNLQJ LQ WKH VWDWH ,Q 0DUFK WKH Eagle Fly Fax are also providing effective postal
.DUQDWDND 3RVWDO &LUFOH RIÀFH KDG FRQWURO RYHU services with accuracy and punctuality.
the three regions of Bengaluru, South Karnataka Important among the postal services are: (1)
and North Karnataka with their head quarters at General Post (2) Speed post (3) Direct post (4)
%HQJDOXUXIRUWKHÀUVWWZRDQG'KDUZDGIRUWKH E-payment (5) Business post (6) Media post (7)
ODVWRQH7KHUHZHUHDOWRJHWKHU SRVWRIÀFHV WIMT Mail Transfer from other countries (8) IMO
FRPSULVLQJ KHDG 2IÀFHV 6XE 3RVW (Immediate Money Order) (9) E-post.
2IÀFHV ([WUD'HSDUWPHQWDO6XE2IÀFHUVDQG
([WUD 'HSDUWPHQWDO %UDQFK 2IÀFHV LQ WKH People are investing in Postal savings scheme
State. During the year 1999-2000, 1,23,34,011 DQG WKH GHWDLOV DUH DV IROORZV 3RVW 2IÀFH
Savings Account, (2) 5 years Recurring Deposit 527
registered articles were booked in the state. As
Account, (3) Time Deposit Scheme, (4) Monthly
HAND BOOK OF
KARNATAKA
528
Income Scheme (5) 15 years Public provident fund scheme, (6) 5 years National Savings Scheme (Eighth series), (7) 10 years National Savings
6FKHPH 1LQWKVHULHV 6HQLRU&LWL]HQ6DYLQJV6FKHPH$VRQWKHUHDUH SRVWRIÀFHVLQ.DUQDWDND2XWRIZKLFKSRVWRIÀFHV
LQ6RXWK.DUQDWDNDDQGSRVWRIÀFHVLQ1RUWK.DUQDWDND)RUPRUHGHWDLOVVHHTable 7.42.
7DEOH1XPEHURI3RVW2IÀFHV
District 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Bengaluru (Urban) 289 251 184 289 222 275 271 271 272
Bengaluru (Rural) 171 180 203 133 201 142 142 142 143
Ramanagara 290 - 172 181 181 180 181 181 181
Chitradurga 293 320 308 317 317 317 317 317 317
Davanagere 172 - 152 262 325 202 261 324 324
Kolar 223 401 218 269 218 218 220 220
274
Chikballapur 198 210 198 147 198 198 198 198
Shivamogga 475 357 471 355 355 355 355 355 355
Tumakuru 559 566 562 560 559 558 558 558 558
Chikkamagaluru 310 - 300 302 302 301 301 301 301
Dakshina Kannada 562 549 424 473 472 471 471 471 471
Udupi 254 - 286 334 334 334 334 332 331
Hassan 420 418 419 418 414 415 415 415
421
Kodagu 220 212 216 216 216 213 216 216
Mandya 364 364 350 352 352 352 351 352 353
Mysuru 285 282 436 392 388 183 384 387 387
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Chamarajanagar 320 - 161 205 204 204 205 205 206
South Karnataka 5405 5264 5250 5206 5262 4920 5175 5245 5248
Belagavi 541 - 719 727 728 730 732 732 732
Vijayapura 419 410 401 405 405 405 405 404
419
Bagalkot 430 327 339 335 335 335 334 334
Dharwad 218 217 210 213 213 213 213 211 210
Gadag 171 171 169 170 171 170 170 170 170
Haveri 260 - 257 259 259 259 260 259 259
Uttara kannada 490 489 491 491 491 491 489 488
496
Ballari 454 444 446 384 384 447 384 385
Bidar 304 304 305 305 304 304 304 304
305
Kalaburagi 620 411 333 428 429 427 428
624
Yadagir - 202 210 291 195 195 197 196
Raichur 290 286 287 286 287 287 287 287
290
Koppala 218 217 218 219 218 218 218 218
North Karnataka 4415 4508 4453 4480 4419 4420 4486 4417 4415
STATE 9820 9772 9703 9686 9681 9340 9661 9662 9663
Source: Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19.
Telegraph: Construction of telegraph lines was started around 1,853 and by 1856 about 537 km. telegraph lines were laid in princely Mysuru.
Madikeri was an important centre in the coastal telegraphic division of Malabar during 1889-90, as the telegraph line from Mysuru to Cannanore
COMMUNICATIONS
529
TRANSPORT AND
passed via Madikeri. There was a branch line to the number of telephones per 100 populations,
Mangaluru in 1865. Mangaluru had one central is an important indicator of telecom penetration
WHOHJUDSKRIÀFH7KHWZRWHOHJUDSKRIÀFHVZRUNLQJ in the country. Tele-density, which was 78.66
KARNATAKA
in the state in 1890-91, were at Mysuru and per cent at the end of March 2012, increased to
HAND BOOK OF
Bengaluru. British had also connected their district 79.58 per cent by the end of June 2012 and then
headquarters like Bengaluru cantonment, Ballari, declined to 73.34 per cent by the end of December
Belagavi and Dharwad by telegraph lines. By 2000, 2012.
WKHUHZHUHFRPELQHGWHOHJUDSKLFRIÀFHVDQG
Present Status of the Telecommunication Sector
LQGHSHQGHQW WHOHJUDSKLF RIÀFHV LQ WKH VWDWH
(As on December 31, 2012).
ZLWKWHOHJUDSKLFRIÀFHVDFFHSWLQJWKHWHOHJUDPV
even in Devanagari Script. But due to maximum • Indian telecom network is second largest in the
use of Telephones and Cell phones, telegraphic world after China.
usage is lessening considerably throughout the • The country has 895.51 million telephone
country, even then it still continues domestically connections, including 864.72 million wireless
ZLWK OHVV VLJQLÀFDQFH BSNL announced the telephone connections.
discontinuation of its telegram services from • Overall tele-density in the country is 73.34 per
15 July 2013, after 160 years in service. It was cent.
opened to the public in February 1855; it was • Urban tele-density is 149.55 per cent, whereas
upgraded to a web-based messaging system in rural tele-density is 39.90 per cent.
WKURXJKWHOHJUDSKRIÀFHVDFURVV,QGLD
• The share of wireless telephones in total
TELECOMMUNICATION telephones is 96.56 per cent. The share of
Telecommunications has evolved as a basic private sector in total telephones is 85.51 per
infrastructure like electricity, roads, water etc., cent. Number of Broadband connections is
and has also emerged as one of the critical 14.98 million. Among the service areas, Tamil
components of economic growth required for Nadu (109.64 per cent) has the highest tele-
overall socio economic development of the density followed by Himachal Pradesh (102.76
country. The Indian telecom sector has registered per cent), Punjab (101.92 per cent), Kerala
a phenomenal growth during the past few years (100.76 per cent) and Karnataka (91.26 per
and has become second largest telephone network cent).
in the world, only after China. A series of reform
Bengaluru Cantonment appears to be the
measures by the Government, the wireless ÀUVW UHFLSLHQW RI WHOHSKRQH V\VWHP VRRQ DIWHU
technology and active participation by private its installation at Madras. During the Khedda
sector played an important role in the exponential Operation at Kakanakote in 1889, a line of
growth of telecom sector in the country. National about 36 miles was laid between Hunsur and
Telecom Policy-2012 (NTP-2012) has been Kakanakote. Another line of about 17 km. was
announced during the current year with the laid between Hesaraghatta Water Reservoir and
primary objective of maximizing public good by Chikkabanavar during 1896. During the plague
making available affordable, reliable and secure outbreak in Bengaluru and Mysuru in 1898,
telecommunication and Broad-band Services temporary telephone lines were installed at
across the entire country. Bengaluru for anti-plague operations. In 1899, 50
The Indian telecom network with 895.51 million JRYHUQPHQWRIÀFHVZHUHSURYLGHGZLWKSHUPDQHQW
telephone connections, including 864.72 million lines. In 1909, new lines were laid in Mysuru
wireless telephone connections, at the end of City and later connected to Bengaluru in 1911-
December 2012 is second largest network in the 12. The telephone system was under the control
world after China. Out of this, 338.59 million of Electricity Department in the beginning. By
telephone connections are in rural areas and 1918, the total length of telephone lines in the
556.92 million are in urban areas of the country. princely Mysuru State was about 852 km.
There were 24.01 million Internet subscribers Use of telephones in the twin cities of Hubballi
including 14.68 million Broadband subscribers and Dharwad was started in 1936. On 31.3.1936,
at the end of September 2012. The number of a telephone exchange of 50 connections was
Broadband subscribers increased to 14.98 million, established at Dharwad. Belagavi city appears to
530
end of December 2012. Tele-density, which shows have got telephone in 1930.
Telephone Exchange of Ballari was bringing the total number to 1,799 exchanges.
commissioned in 1940, and had 50 connections They rose to 2,354 by March 2000. As on March
at the outset. In 1952, telephone link between 2003, it had gone upto 2,696. Due to substantial
COMMUNICATIONS
TRANSPORT AND
Mysuru and Madikeri was established. Use of growth in information technology mobile phones
Telephones in Madikeri City began on 22-1-1955. are increasing considerably and at the same time
7KH ÀUVW WHOHSKRQH H[FKDQJH LQ &KLWUDGXUJD the land lines are decreasing to certain extent.
district was started at Davanagere on 5-2-1953 As a result by March 2008 there were 2,727
with 43 connections. The telephone exchanges telephone exchanges to serve the 26,10,353
at Mandya and Chikkamagalur, were started in telephone subscribers in the state. If Bengaluru
1955 and 1956 respectively. (Urban) district with 8,80,435 telephones topped
the list, Dakshina Kannada district with 1,86,446
When Karnataka Postal Circle was formed
telephones ranked second. Chamarajanagar with
in 1960, the administration of the Postal and
17,389 telephones ranked last. This is due to
Telecommunication services in the State was
mobile phones gaining more popularity.
within this newly created postal circle. Due to
the expansion of postal and telecommunication The telecommunication system in the State
services, the combined set-up was bifurcated on is operated by both private and public sector
1.9.1974. The Karnataka Postal Circle was headed undertakings. Apart from BSNL, a number of
by the Post Master General, whereas Karnataka private companies like Vodafone, Reliance, Aircel,
Telecommunications Circle was headed by the Airtel, Bharati, TATA, MTNL etc. are providing the
General Manager. There was a separate General wireless and wireline phones. The number and
Manager for Bengaluru city telephones. percentage of wireless and wireline subscribers in
Southern States is presented in Table 7.43.
A separate circle was formed for Bengaluru
Telephones in 1964. It was upgraded into major Table 7.43 Number of Wireless and Wireline
Telephone district on 23-7-1976. The growth Subscribers in Southern States
of Bengaluru Telecom District was spectacular. (subscribers in Millions)
In 1966, there were only 13,300 telephones in
Bengaluru and it increased to 44,800 in 1978 States Subscribers Percentage
and to 57,658 in 1982. During 1989, there were
85,475 phone connections. Tamil Nadu (incl.
84.43 19.99
Chennai)
In 1971, there were 33 exchanges with 7,310
telephones in Dakshina Kannada district
Kerala 45.23 10.66
Mangaluru City alone had 4,200 telephones.
There were 18,753 connections in use in 1960-
Maharashtra 96.19 22.67
61, and their number in 1991-92 was 1,39,503.
There were 1,30,230 telephones in Dakshina
Mumbai 40.04 9.43
Kannada District, where as 52,011 telephones
were operating in Udupi District by March 2000.
Karnataka 70.50 16.61
During the period from 1982 to 1992, there was
rapid expansion in the telephone system. As a
Andhra Pradesh 87.89 20.71
result, 83,258 telephones which were in use during
1982, rose to 3,75,043 telephones in 1992-93.
By March 2000, there were 18,29,400 telephones Total 424.28 100.00
working in the State and Bengaluru (urban) Source : Indian Telecom Services Performance Indicator Report
'LVWULFWUDQNHGÀUVWZLWKWHOHSKRQHV$V for Quarter ending September 2018.
on March 2003, there were altogether 27,53,499
telephone connections serving the needs of the The teledensity (both BSNL and private cellular
people in the State. There were 739 telephone operators) in the southern states is presented in
exchanges functioning in Karnataka Circle in Table 7.44. Karnataka stands in 3rd position
1982, as against 1707 in 1992. As many as 92 among the southern states in urban and total
teledensity. 531
new exchanges were started in 1992-93 and thus
Table 7.44 Southern States Teledensity
Service Area Rural eledensity Urban Teledensity Total Teledensity
KARNATAKA
Tamil Nadu (incl. Chennai) 88.64 136.38 118.29
HAND BOOK OF
Kerala 77.19 266.11 124.83
Maharashtra (incl. Mumbai) 73.40 143.50 107.87
Karnataka 66.06 178.32 110.63
Andhra Pradesh (including Telangana) 64.87 181.59 51.41
All India 58.85 160.79 91.20
Source : Indian Telecom Services Performance Indicator Report for Quarter ending September 2018.
Compared to previous year the number of telephone exchanges has decreased by 6 during the year
LQ RXU VWDWH 7KH QXPEHU RI ODQGOLQH FRQQHFWLRQV KDV GHFOLQHG VLJQLÀFDQWO\ 7KH GHFOLQH LQ
landlines can be partly attributed due to increased private participation in the mobile telephony sector
and switch over to mobile phones. The trends in postal services suggest that there is a decline in the
WRWDOQXPEHURISRVWRIÀFHVIURP WR7KLVPD\EHGXHWRPHUJHURISRVWRIÀFHVLQXUEDQ
DUHDV2QHSRVWRIÀFHKDVEHHQDGGHGGXULQJWKH\HDU7KHGHWDLOVRIQXPEHURISRVWRIÀFHV
telephone exchanges and number of telephones are presented in Table 7.45,7.46, 7.47 and 7.48.
7DEOH1XPEHURI3RVW2IÀFHV7HOHSKRQH([FKDQJHVDQG7HOHSKRQHV
Year 3RVWRI¿FHV Telephone Exchanges Telephones
2008-09 9862 2651 2326532
2009-10 9820 2694 2187802
2010-11 9772 2789 2040456
2011-12 9703 2884 1951878
2012-13 9686 2802 1670378
2013-14 9681 2806 1535931
2014-15 9340 2844 1389192
2015-16 9661 2793 1294726
2016-17 9662* 2793 1229813
2017-18 9663* 2787 1147420
6RXUFH *HQHUDO0DQDJHU7HOHFRP2IÀFH.DUQDWDND&LUFOH%HQJDOXUXDQG
&KLHI3RVW0DVWHURIÀFH.DUQDWDND&LUFOH%HQJDOXUX
Table 7.46 Number of Telephone Exchanges
District/Year 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Bengaluru (Urban) 169 183 183 196 199 212
311 325 325
Bengaluru (Rural) 93 103 102 92 92 93
Ramanagara 12 12 12 10
Chitradurga 82 129 81 82 82 81 130 129 129
532 Davanagere 48 48 49 87
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Kolar 143 73 73 73 73
COMMUNICATIONS
TRANSPORT AND
143 143 137 137
Chikballapur 70 70 70 68
Shivamogga 117 140 140 140 140 140 140 139 139
Tumakuru 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 109 109
Chikkamagaluru 148 148 148 148 148 146 146 146
Dakshina Kannada 148 250 147 147 146 145
249 249 250
Udupi 103 103 103 103 104
Hassan 104 104 103 103 103 103 103 102
104
Kodagu 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 76
Mandya 65 64 64 63 63 63 63 63 63
Mysuru 100 141 100 98 99 100
141 141 141
Chamarajanagar 41 41 41 41 41
South Karnataka 1501 1593 1604 1604 1608 1656 1614 1617 1617
Belagavi 189 189 189 190 190 190 190 190
Vijayapura 110 192 109 108 108 183 183 176
192
Bagalkot 82 81 82 82 82
Dharawad 50 171 53 55 55 64
Gadag 63 64 63 63 48
173 173 173
Haveri 56 55 55 55 59
Uttara kannada 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 151
152
Ballari 116 117 117 117 117 114 113 113
Bidar 81 81 81 81 81 80 80 81
81
Kalaburagi 160 148 125 125 119 158 156 157
Yadagir 13 35 35 39
Raichur 72 72 72 72 66
135 129 129 129
Koppala 62 63 63 63 63
North Karnataka 1193 1196 1280 1198 1198 1188 1179 1176 1170
STATE 2694 2789 2884 2802 2806 2844 2793 2793 2787
533
Source : General Manager, Karnataka Telecom Circle.
HAND BOOK OF
KARNATAKA
534
Table 7.47 Number of Telephones
District/Year 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18
Bengaluru (Urban) 859281 917290 872095 868968 713963 666476 626909 601406
595476 557621
Bengaluru (Rural) 39311 47953 57541 54610 22692 19455 10126 7651
Ramanagara 18011 8000 2413 1397 1200 1596 5262
Chitradurga 27765 28130 53640 19890 18802 22088 13561 11097 25214 23082
Davanagere 37858 37719 24651 23472 16080 22944 19912
Kolar 35967 52437 26187 24229 19371 15979 14033
56402 19854 18709
Chikballapur 23841 6722 14153 13044 10259 8378 7762
Shivamogga 59150 54816 55715 53000 49367 43619 37400 32995 30089 30486
Tumakuru 48156 42784 39420 36292 31358 29750 24791 22460 20640 17917
Chikkamagaluru 49236 44659 42336 41780 37400 31800 27706 24179 19742 17412
Dakshina Kannada 153139 144095 130194 123868 115608 105320 97693
210797 139496 129079
Udupi 88438 82480 70152 65745 62250 54094 47580
Hassan 48013 40962 38958 38046 32973 24918 21005 19117 17633 16677
Kodagu 39043 37160 36069 35450 31948 27932 25059 21330 18967 17094
Mandya 23267 22873 17314 18017 17148 15946 12593 10726 9825 9518
Mysuru 230877 87875 76996 72567 65282 61062 57470
86578 62534 59450
Chamarajanagar 12612 11274 10574 7932 8068 5821 5073
South Karnataka 1793965 1667229 1566865 1521373 1287905 1180102 1074344 1005746 959470 897045
Belagavi 113463 108483 99921 83387 77075 73477 63865 57039 54499 49283
Vijayapura 35098 29045 48669 24944 22059 21567 17284 16273 27143 24363
Bagalakot 28715 24977 22451 18290 13567 14364 13167
Dharawad 64856 62875 61197 59686 62705 56116 53927
Gadag 24352 41938 100232 19187 17130 13961 11876 10424 70440 64680
Haveri 21202 18896 14268 13241 10454 11487 10044
Uttara kannada 79758 76758 74094 68580 61274 56853 52093 47586 43698 42712
Ballari 43244 40143 38032 37641 32327 29279 26461 23946 23982 23119
Bidar 26441 23200 22389 21937 18435 16777 12774 11484 10266 9163
Kalaburagi 52786 51156 49527 40438 29358 27816 22404 21822 22151 20677
Yadagir 7631 4468 3793 3831 3085
Raichur 23623 24086 13081 15691 14069 12425 11687
40727 18164 16378
Koppal 19029 19016 15763 13439 11511 9868 8496
North Karnataka 532567 520573 473591 430505 382473 355829 314848 288980 270343 250375
STATE 2326532 2187802 2040456 1951878 1670378 1535931 1389192 1294726 1229813 1147420
Source : General Manager, Karnataka Telecom Circle.
COMMUNICATIONS
535
TRANSPORT AND
7DEOH3RVW2IÀFH7HOHSKRQHV([FKDQJHV7HOHSKRQHV$VRQ
Communication (In Numbers)
Sl.
KARNATAKA
District
HAND BOOK OF
No Telephones Internet
Telephones Mobile Phones
3RVW2I¿FHV Exchanges Connections
1 Bengaluru (Urban) 271
2 Bengaluru (Rural) 142 325 595476 1363223 212889
3 Ramanagara 181
4 Chitradurga 317
129 25214 222865 10045
5 Davanagere 324
6 Kolar 220
137 19854 287721 8619
7 Chikkaballapur 198
8 Shivamogga 355 139 30089 411342 11568
9 Tumakuru 558 109 20640 215362 9097
10 Chikkamagaluru 301 146 19742 398175 6601
11 Dakshina Kannada 471
249 139496 800620 54136
12 Udupi 332
13 Hassan 415 103 17633 264804 7736
14 Kodagu 216 76 18967 270432 6462
15 Mandya 352 63 9825 143071 4220
16 Mysuru 387 62534
141 325012 26435
17 Chamarajanagar 205 54499
18 Belagavi 733 190
320311 19068
19 Vijayapura 405
27143
20 Bagalkot 334 183
307157 11972
21 Dharwad 211
22 Gadag 170
173 70440 364719 28223
23 Haveri 259
24 Uttara Kannada 489 152 43698 459660 12651
25 Ballari 385 113 23982 287938 23919
26 Bidar 304 80 10266 121023 3719
27 Kalaburagi
624 156 22151 188323 9147
28 Yadgir
29 Raichur 287
129 18164 224621 8198
30 Koppal 218
State 9664 2793 1229813 6976379 474705
536 Source : Karnataka At a Glance 2016-17.
Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd., (BSNL): It is subscribers in recent years has made internet
providing varied telecommunication services to facilities easily available to its customers.
the whole country. Besides, private agencies
COMMUNICATIONS
TRANSPORT AND
Though it offers services at lowest tariffs, the
DUH DOVR LQ WKH ÀHOG 0RELOH 3KRQH 6HUYLFH KDV
private companies continue to notch up better
become more common now-a-days and through
numbers in all areas, year after year. BSNL has
LW SHRSOH DUH JHWWLQJ PD[LPXP EHQHÀW ,QIDFW
been providing connections in both urban and
it has succeeded in bringing the people closer
rural areas. Pre-activated Mobile connections are
and closer. Mobile instruments are available at
available at many places across India. BSNL has
competitive price with facilities like SMS (Short
also unveiled cost-effective broadband internet
Message Service), Camera, Playing games etc.,
access plans (Data One) targeted at homes and
provided within them.
small businesses. At present BSNL enjoy’s around
In 1992-93, the number of STD/ISD routes in the 60 per cent of market share of ISP services. 2007
State was 590. Apart from district headquarters, was declared as “Year of Broadband” in India and
159 taluk headquarters were brought under the BSNL announced plans for providing 5 million
STD network. During 92-93, 767 STD points broadband connectivity by the end of 2007. BSNL
were newly opened in order to facilitate greater upgraded Dataone connections for a speed of up
access to the non-telephone owning public. The to 2 Mbit/s without any extra cost. This 2 Mbit/s
total STD points stood at 2,800. By providing new broadband service was provided by BSNL at a cost
connections to 1,207 village panchayats, altogether of just US $ 11.7 per month (as of 21 July 2008
5,644 village panchayats were linked up with and at a limit of 2.5GB monthly limit with 0200-
the telephone network. Travelling public too was 0800 hrs as no charge period). Further, BSNL is
taken care of by installing 207 public telephones rolling out new broadband services. BSNL planned
on the national highways. There were 20,933 to increase its customer base to 108 million
public STD booths working in different parts of customers by 2010. With the frantic activity in the
the state by the end of March 1999. Free phone communication sector in India, the target appears
connections were provided to 598 tribal villages achievable. BSNL is a pioneer of rural telephony
and 48 hospitals at various district headquarters. in India. BSNL has recently bagged 80 per cent
At present, all the taluk and Hobli headquarters of US$ 580 m (INR 25 billion) Rural Telephony
were brought under STD network and majority project of Government of India. On 20 March 2009
of the villages were provided with telephone BSNL advertised the launch of Blackberry services
services. Coin booths have entered rural villages across its Telecom circles in India. The corporation
and common man being given access to it. The has also launched 3G services in select cities
advent of cell phones has brought revolutionary across the country. Presently, BSNL and MTNL
HIIHFW LQ WKH ÀHOG RI WHOHFRPPXQLFDWLRQ SULYDWH are the only players to provide 3G services, as
companies like Airtel, Reliance, Vodafone, Aircel, the Government of India has completed auction
Idea, Tata-indicom, Docomo have been competing of 3G services for companies. BSNL shall get
with BSNL by extending varieties of schemes to 3G bandwidth at lowest bidder prices of Rs.185
the customers. Cell companies like Sony, Nokia, billion, which includes Rs.101.86 billion for 3G
Samsung etc., are bringing vivid type of mobile and Rs.83.13 billion for BWA. As of December
units regularly. 2011, many other private operators have started
rolling out their 3rd Generation (aka 3G) services
7KH ÀUVW 7HOH[ ([FKDQJH LQ .DUQDWDND ZDV
alongside and are enjoying some success in their
established at Bengaluru in 1963. Later followed
campaigns to get market share. While BSNL still
the Telex Exchanges at Mysuru, Mangaluru,
maintains its connectivity standard and expands
Hubballi, Belagavi, Davanagere, Ballari and
to many more areas including rural areas with
Raichur. Nine more exchanges were opened
their 3G services. Also the network infrastructure
during 1992, thus bringing the number of Telex
has been upgraded from 3.6 Mbit/s to 7.2 MBit/s.
Exchanges to 3,079, and those on the waiting
It is enjoying a slow but somewhat steady success
list were 462. Fax service, E-mail and internet
in gaining market share in this regard.
facilities have made communication both cheaper
and quicker. The telecommunication department The introduction of MNP (Mobile Number
537
by providing broadband connections to its Portability) which is an service that lets the
consumer change wireless service providers while movies and video on demand etc.
retaining their actual mobile number, BSNL has 7) IPTV: BSNL also offers the ‘Internet Protocol
seen many customers opting for this service Television’ facility which enables customers to
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
to move away 2011 from the services to other
watch television through internet.
operators. Despite this as the Indian Wireless
market grows BSNL still has a loyal base of 8) FTTH: Fibre To The Home facility that offers a
subscribers and many more subscribers being higher bandwidth for data transfer. This idea
added to it every day. This provides customer was proposed on post-December 2009.
services for 95 million as of June 2011. 9) Helpdesk: BSNL’s Helpdesk (Helpdesk) provide
BSNL provides almost every telecom service in help desk support to their customers for their
India. Following are the main telecom services services.
provided by BSNL. 10) VVoIP: BSNL, along with Sai Infosystem- an
1) Universal Telecom Services : Fixed wireline Information and Communication Technologies
services and landline in local loop (WLL) using (ICTs) provider - has launched Voice and Video
CDMA Technology called bfone and Tarang over Internet Protocol (VVoIP). This will allow
respectively. As of 30 June 2010, BSNL had 75 in making audio as well as video calls to any
SHUFHQWPDUNHWVKDUHRIÀ[HGOLQHV landline, mobile, or IP phone anywhere in the
2) Cellular Mobile Telephone Services: BSNL world, provided that the requisite video phone
is major provider of Cellular Mobile Telephone equipment is available at both ends.
services using GSM platform under the brand 11) Broadband Access Technology with the
name Cellone & Excel (BSNL Mobile). As of 30 minimum speed of 256 kbit/s. The focus of
June 2010 BSNL has 13.50 per cent share of
this service is mainly rural customer where the
mobile telephony in the country.
wired broadband facility is not available.
3) WLL-CDMA Telephone Services: BSNL’s WLL
BSNL has started 3G services in 290 cities and
(Wireless in Local Loop) service is a service
acquired more than 600,000 customers. It has
JLYLQJ ERWK À[HG OLQH WHOHSKRQ\ 0RELOH
planned to roll out 3G services in 760 cities across
telephony.
the country in 2010-11. According to users and
4) Internet : BSNL provides “Internet_access” big sources BSNL’s 3G data speed is much higher
services through dial-up connection (as than other operator and also it is competitively
Sancharnet through 2009” cite_note-8” as cheap.
Prepaid, NetOne “cite-note-9”as Postpaid and
ADSL broadband as BSNL Broadband”cite_ Broadband Services: The shift in demand
note-10” BSNL held 55.76 per cent of the from voice to data has revolutionized the very
market share with reported subscriber base nature of the network. BSNL is poised to cash on
of 9.19 million Internet subscribers with 7.79 this opportunity and has planned for extensive
per cent of growth at the end of March 2010. expansion of the Broadband services. Broadband
Top 12 Dial-up Service providers, based on the Increase in Broadband connectivity is being
subscriber base, It Also Provides Online Games seen as an integral driver of improved socio-
via its HYPERLINK “Games_on_Demand” (GOD) economic performance. Broadband services
empower masses and allow individuals to access
5) Intelligent Network (IN): BSNL offers value-
new career and educational opportunities, help
added services, such as Free Phone Service
businesses reach new markets and improve
(FPH), India Telephone Card (Prepaid card),
HIÀFLHQF\DQGHQKDQFHWKH*RYHUQPHQW·VFDSDFLW\
Account Card Calling (ACC), Virtual Private
to deliver critical services like health, banking and
Network (VPN), Tele-voting, Premium Rae
commerce to all of its citizens. There were 14.98
Service (PRM), Universal Access Number (UAN).
million Broadband subscribers in the country
6) 3G: BSNL offers the ‘3G’ or the ‘3rd Generation’ by the end of December 2012. The Broadband
services which includes facilities like video customer base of 3.56 Million customers in March
calling, mobile broadband, live TV, 3G Video 2009 is planned to be increased to 16 million by
538 portal, streaming services like online full length March 2014.
Internet an broadband penetration: The comprising of eminent domain experts, to provide
Government has placed considerable emphasis on requisite guidance and expert inputs on issues
growth of internet and broadband in the country of Technologies, Finance, Security, Legal etc. has
COMMUNICATIONS
TRANSPORT AND
as part its Digital India campaign. The number of DOVREHHQFRQVWLWXWHGWRÀQDOL]HWKHGUDIW173
internet subscribers (both broadband and narrow
As part of the consultative process, the Working
band put together) which was 422.18 million at the
Groups are holding National level consultations
end of march, 2017 increased to 429.23 million
with all stakeholders, which include the industry
by the end of September 17. The number of
and academicians. Several rounds of meetings
subscribers accessing internet via wireless phones
and presentations have been held. TRAI has also
etc. was 407.88 million at the end of September’
given valuable inputs for the NTP.
17. The number of wireline internet subscribers
was 21.35 million at the end of September’17. The ALL INDIA RADIO
number of Broadband subscribers was 350.70 A radio transmission centre called Akashavani
million at the end of November 2017. There was was started by Dr.M.V. Gopalaswamy, a Psychology
a net increase of 7.05 million in the Internet Professor of Mysuru University at Mysuru in 1935
subscribers during the period from March 2017 through private effort. The station was later taken
to September 2017. over by the State Government in January 1941.
At a later stage it was taken over by the Centre
NATIONAL TELECOM POLICY 2018
and shifted to Bengaluru in November 1955.
Government is in the process of formulating
In the same year, the Bengaluru AIR Station
the New Telecom Policy, targeted to be released
commenced its broadcast through one high power
in 2018, after holding wide range of consultations
transmitter. The First AIR Station in the North
with various stakeholders. The Policy shall be
Karnataka region started functioning at Dharwad,
governed by key guiding principle of alignment
on 8th November 1950. In 1964, Vividh Bharati
with National Vision. The Major themes that
(CBS) was added to Dharwad unit. Opening of
new Telecom Policy shall try to address include,
WKLV VWDWLRQ ZDV D ERRQ WR WKH FXOWXUDO ÀHOG RI
Regulatory and Licensing frameworks impacting
North Karnataka. Auxiliary stations at Bhadravati
the sector, Connectivity for All, Quality of Services,
and Kalaburagi were started in 1965 and 1966
Ease of Doing Business and Absorption of New
respectively. Another low power transmitter at
Technologies including 5G and IOT.
Mysuru was inaugurated on 14th November 1974.
The broad roadmap and guiding principles of the It was upgraded in 1989 as an independent
National Telecom Policy-2018 have been approved regional station. The Mangaluru Station was
by Telecom Commission in the meeting held on inaugurated on 14th November 1976.
29.09.2017. Various Working Groups on themes
After 1990, seven more A.I.R. stations began to
viz. Digital India, New Technology, Licensing
operate at places like Chitradurga and Hassan
Framework, Make in India, Infrastructure,
(1991), Hospet (1992), Madikeri and Raichur
Spectrum Management, Security, Skill
(1993), Karwar (1994), Vijayapura (1997) and
Development and Capacity Building, Allocation
Ballari (2003). Consequently, by October 2006,
and Pricing of Resources, Disaster Management,
the total number of stations has increased
Consumer Protection, Legislative Framework
from six to 14. Among them, while Dharwad,
and Strategic Financial Planning have been
Bengaluru and Bhadravati AIR stations have 2 x
formed with experts from Department and PSUs/
100 KW transmitters, Kalaburagi and Mangaluru
Regulatory Body under it.
have 2 x 10 KW transmitters; Chitradurga has 6
A Committee to coordinate with all the Working KW and Hospet has 2.5 KW transmitters; Hassan,
Groups in the drafting of the new Policy has been Madikeri, Raichur, Karwar and Vijayapura have
constituted under the Chairmanship of Additional 2x3 KW transmitters, whereas Mysuru has only
6HFUHWDU\ 7 KDYLQJ ''* OHYHO RIÀFHUV DV LWV 1 KW transmitter. It is proposed to equip the
Members. AIR station at Mysuru with 10 KW transmitters
to broadcast the routine programmes more
A high level Expert Advisory Group under
effectively. For the purpose of broadcasting 539
the Chairmanship of Chairman NITI Aayog,
Vividh Bharati Programmes separate low powered
CHITRADURGA FM 102.6 MHz
transmitters have been set up at Bengaluru
and Dharwad. Both the Stations are attached HASSAN FM 102.2 MHz
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
with regional news units which bring out three HOSAPETE FM 100.5 MHz
regional Kannada news bulletins daily. The radio
KARWAR FM 102.3 MHz
stations cover about 96 per cent of the State’s
population. FM (Frequency Module) stations MADIKERI FM 103.1 MHz
operating at Bengaluru (FM Rainbow (2001) and
RAICHUR FM 102.1 MHz
Amruthavarshini (2004) serve the listeners of,
Mysuru, Mangaluru, Vijayapura and other places VIJAYAPURA FM 101.8 MHz
with news and vivid cultural programmes. Along
100 Watt Transmitters : Sagar, Tumakuru,
with these private FM Stations are also serving Hosadurga, Kumta, Davangere, Sringeri
the public with attractive cultural programmes.
Source : All India Radio Website.
AIR-Bengaluru has a primary channel Vividh
Bharati (CBS) (1972), FM Rainbow (2001), TELEVISION
Amrutavarshini (2004), a classical music channel. Although, Doordarshan entered India on
Its local archives has the voices of more than 1300 September 15, 1959 (Delhi), Kalaburagi was the
HPLQHQW SHUVRQDOLWLHV RI ÀOP PXVLF SROLWLFV ÀUVWFHQWUHLQ.DUQDWDNDWRKDYHDUHOD\FHQWUH,W
social works, business, science, arts, literature was inauguarated on 3-9-1977 and at the outset,
DQGRWKHUFXOWXUDOÀHOGVEURDGFDVWGXULQJWKHODVW in a radius of 40 km., 240 villages and towns of
50 years. Raichur and Vijayapura districts and Kalaburagi
ZHUH EHQHÀWHG E\ FRPPunity viewing. The
At the end of December 2011, there were
community viewing, T.V. Sets were maintained and
19 Akashavani Stations (Bengaluru, Ballari,
serviced by the Doordarshan Kendra, Kalaburagi.
Bhadravathi, Vijayapura, Budikote, Chitradurga, Bengaluru City was provided with an interim
Dharwad, Kalaburagi, Hassan, Hospet, Karwar, TV relay centre on 1-1-1981. Initially, Bombay
Madikeri, Mangaluru, Manipal, Mysuru, Raichur, and Madras TV Programmes were relayed for a
Sringeri, Tumakuru, and Udupi). Apart from limited period on the selected days of the week.
this, Radio city, Radio Indigo, Big 92.7 FM., Red But programmes could be locally produced and
FM., Radio Mirchi, Raman Voice, Active Fever telecast only from December 1983. In 1984, TV
104, FM. Gyan Vani, Radio Universal, Jnana transmitters were commissioned at Mangaluru,
vani run by Indira Gandhi Open University, and Davanagere, Vijayapura, Ballari, Gadag, Raichur,
such other private FM. stations are broadcasting Dharwad, Mysuru, Belagavi and Hospet. The
programmes. For more details see Table 7.49 IXOOÁHGJHG SURGXFWLRQ FHQWUH RI WKH %HQJDOXUX
Doordarshan was started in 1988.
Table 7.49 Air Stations In Karnataka
BENGALURU MW 612 KHz
The Doordarshan Kendra, through regional
language satellite service started relaying Kannada
VIVIDH BHARATI FM 102.9 MHz programmes from 1-3-1990. It was gradually
FM RAINBOW FM 101.3 MHz
regularized from 1-11-1990. On 12-1-1992,
AMRITAVARSHINI FM 100.1 MHz
DHARWAD MW 765 KHz
VIVIDH BHARATI FM 103.0 MHz
MW 675 KHz
BHADRAVATI
FM 103.5 MHz
KALABURAGI MW 1107 KHz
MW1089 KHz
MANGALURU
FM 100.3 MHz
MYSURU FM 100.6 MHz
540
Doordarshan Kendra, Bengaluru
Shivamogga had a 10 KW transmitter. As on 18- like Udaya, Udaya 2, Udaya Movies, Udaya News,
5-1993, there were 27 TV transmitters working in Ushe, TV9, Survarna, Kasturi, E-TV Kannada,
the State. All of them are connected to Bengaluru- Udaya_Comedy, Udaya_Movie, Zee Cinema
COMMUNICATIONS
TRANSPORT AND
Doordarshan Kendra. Apart from Kannada Kannada Kids Chintu TV, Polimer Kannada
Programmes, the Kendra is also telecasting Sandalwood Channel. Public Music, Zee TV,
programmes in Tamil, Telugu, Marathi, Urdu, Udaya Music, Raj Music, Channel “UFX” Samaya
Kodava, Konkani and other Indian languages. News, Janashri news, Kannada Suvana-News,
About 72 per cent of the population and an area Kasthuri News, Raj News; Tamil Channels
of 86 per cent in the State, was covered by the like Sun, Raj and Vijaya; Telugu channels like
Doordarshan from 1993-94. The Kendra started Eenadu, Gemini T.V.; Hindi channels like Zee,
its DD9 (Chandana) transmission from 15-8-1994. star and Sony; Malayalam channels like Eenadu
and Asianet; Other Channels like Star, ESPN,
Kannada Movie club was initiated in August 1995
Ten sports, BBC, Discovery, National Geographic,
and the Karnataka Regional Services DDK tract
FTV, MTV, Channels-V, Pogo, CNN., etc., are
was inaugurated from December 1995.
providing varieties of entertainment through Cable
By 1998, there were altogether 46 Operators. At present, local cable operators in the
T.V.Transmitters, comprised of 4 (HPT), 39 (LPT) towns and cities are associating together to form
and 1 (OT) respectively. During 1999-2000, a single city cable network, through which the
besides upgrading the Hassan centre from LPT to programmes are telecasted within the respective
HPT (10KW), new LPT’s have been commissioned city jurisdictions. DTH (Direct to Home) services
at Hiriyur, Hosadurga and Dandeli along with have given the T.V. viewers freedom in selecting
the VLPT commissioned at Badami in Bagalkot the channels according to their taste at a cheaper
district. The exclusively part-time Kannada rate. But still cable network has an upper hand
in this regard. Under DD Direct Plus, was started
Channel, DD9 was made a 24 hours Kannada
by Doordarshan on 16th'HF,WLVWKHÀUVW
Channel (Chandana) of 12 hours of repetition,
free DTH service offering 33 TV channels and
meant mainly for Kannada literary programme,
12 radio-channels to the customers. Today,
socio-economic and cultural activities with 30
Doordarshan has two Kendras Bengaluru (1983)
per cent of commercial viable programmes. The
and Kalaburagi (1994) and maintenance centres
Doordarshan Kendra, Bengaluru had earned a
at Bengaluru, Belagavi, Vijayapura, Davanagere,
sum of Rs.19,61,67,100 in 1998-99 from both Kalaburagi, Hospet, Mangaluru and Mysuru. As
sponsored programmes and commercial sources, on March 2006, Doordarshan has 2 studios (out
but its revenue has fallen down to Rs.12,05,87,975 of 67 in the whole country) at Bengaluru and
for the year ending 1999-2000. So for it has Kalaburagi, 55 (8 HPTs, 47 LPTs) as National
succeeded in covering 75.9 per cent of the total Channel Transmitters, 6 (4 HPTs and 2 LPTs)
area and 69.8 per cent of the total population in news channel transmitters and 7 VLPT regional
the State which is well below the national average channels in Karnataka. It has covered 76.2 per
of 88.5 per cent and 75.5 per cent respectively. cent of the area and reached 82.4 per cent of the
It is estimated that nearly 2.8 crores of the total population in the state through its DD-1 National
state population were regular T.V.viewers within Channel by March 2006. It is estimated that the
the State. There is a proposal not only to upgrade DD Chandana channel is being tuned by 40,78,000
Mysuru and Mangaluru D.D.Centres from LPT households during 2006 Jan-Dec. in Karnataka.
to HPT, but also install LPT’s at Mudhol and As per the TAM Annual Universe Update-2010,
Sindhanur. As on Dec.2000, 4 HPT’s, 46 LPTs and India now has over 134 million households (out
3 VLPTs were operating in the state and providing of 223 million) with television sets, of which over
DDI, DD2 and Chandana Channel services to the 103 million have access to Cable TV or Satellite
people of Karnataka. As on 30-12-2012 68 (12 TV, including 20 million households which are
HPT’s 49 LPT’s and 7 LPT’s) National transmitters DTH subscribers. In Urban India, 85 per cent of
were operating in the State. Accordingly the all households have a TV and over 70 per cent of
Doordarshan Maintenance Centres (DMCs) were all households have access to Satellite, Cable or
working at Belagavi, Hospet, Mysuru, Mangaluru, DTH services. TV owning households have been
Kalaburagi, Bengaluru, Vijayapura, Davanagere. growing at between 8-10 per cent, while growth in
Satellite/Cable homes exceeded 15 per cent and
Besides Doordarshan Channels like D.D.1.,
DTH subscribers grew 28 per cent over 2009. 541
Chandana, privately initiated satellite channels
However, some analysts place the number of 31 October 2012. The second phase will include
households with television access at closer to 180 38 cities in 15 states, such as Patna, Chandigarh,
million since roughly a third of all rural families Pune, Bengaluru and Mysuru by 31 March 2013.
KARNATAKA
may watch television at a neighboring relatives
HAND BOOK OF
But due to court directions, it has been extended.
home, and argue that Cable TV households are All urban areas are expected to digitize by 30
probably closer to 120 million owing to a certain November 2014 and the remaining areas by 31
percentage of informal/unregistered Cable March 2015.
Networks that aren’t counted by mainstream
surveys. It is also estimated that India now has
over 823 TV channels covering all the main
languages spoken in the nation.
The Ministry of Information and Broadcasting
LVVXHGDQRWLÀFDWLRQRQ1RYHPEHUVHWWLQJ
31 March 2015 as the deadline for complete shift
from analog to digital systems. In December
2011, Parliament passed The Cable Television
Networks (Regulation) Amendment Act to digitize
the cable television sector by 2014. Digitization,
on cable and terrestrial, will be carried out in four
phases, in a 3-year transition starting from 31
2FWREHU DQG ÀQLVKLQJ RQ 0DUFK
The four metros of Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata and
Chennai have to shift to digital addressability by
Additional Tables
Special Development Plan
2015-16
NEW WORKS SPILL OVER WORKS
Allocation Expenditure
Details In In
Number Completed Number Completed (Rs. in lakh) (Rs.in lakh)
Progress Progress
Bus Stand 6 - 6 12 5 7 900.00 900.00
Bus Depot 0 - - 0 - - 0.00 0.00
Divisional work shop 1 1 - 0 - - 125.00 125.00
Upgr. of Bus station 6 2 4 2 2 - 395.00 395.00
Upgr. of Bus Depots. 5 2 3 0 - - 80.00 80.00
Total 18 5 13 14 7 7 1,500.00 1,500.00
2016-17
NEW WORKS SPILL OVER WORKS
Allocation Expenditure
Details In In
Number Completed Number Completed (Rs. in lakh) (Rs.in lakh)
Progress Progress
Bus Stand 9 - 9 13 7 6 642.00 642.00
Bus Depot 1 - 1 - - - 25.00 25.00
Divisional work shop - - - - - - - -
Upgr. of Bus station 11 11 - 5 3 2 803.00 803.00
Upgr. of Bus Depots. 21 21 - 2 2 0 1530.00 1,530.00
Total 42 32 10 20 12 8 3,000.00 3,000.00
2017-18
NEW WORKS SPILL OVER WORKS
Allocation Expenditure
Details In In
Number Completed Number Completed (Rs.in lakh) (Rs.inlakh)
Progress Progress
542
Bus Stand 10 1 9 15 5 10 815.00 815.00
Bus Depot 2 - 2 1 - 1 215.00 215.00
Divisional work shop - - - - - - - -
COMMUNICATIONS
TRANSPORT AND
Upgr.of Bus station 43 43 0 1 1 - 1,811.00 1,811.00
Upgr.of Bus Depots. 29 29 0 1 1 - 2,159.00 2,159.00
Total 84 73 11 18 7 11 5,000.00 5,000.00
2018-19 (upto Nov-18)
NEW WORKS SPILL OVER WORKS
Esti- Allocat Expend
Details Commenc- Under (Rs.in (Rs.in
Num- Com- Estimated ap- Tender Com- mated
ingcivil No Prog- lakh) lakh)
ber pleted proval stage stage pleted approval
works ress
stage
Bus Stand 4 - 2 - 2 16 1 0 15 840.00 840.00
Bus Depot 0 - 0 - 0 3 - 2 1 145.00 145.00
Divisional work shop - - - - 25.00 0.00
1 - 1 0
Upgr.of Bus station 14 - 0 10 4 0 0 0 704.00 0.00
Upgr. of Bus Depots. 32 - 0 30 2 3 3 0 2286.00 215.00
Total 51 0 03 40 8 22 4 2 16 4,000.00 1,200.00
Number of Motor Vehicles Under Different Categories: From 2015-16 to November 2018 (Cumulative) (000)
Sl. No Vehicles 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 As on November-2018
1 Twowheelers 11,768 12,955 14,105 14,991
2 Motorcars 1,916 2,110 2,300 2,430
3 Jeeps 46 46 47 48
4 Omnibuses 127 131 134 137
5 Tractors 470 499 526 545
6 Trailors 317 335 348 356
7 Construction equpment vehicle 10 11 12 14
8 Other Vehicles 93 98 105 108
Total Non-Transport 14,749 16,185 17,577 18,629
1 K.S.R.T.C.Buses 40 42 44 46
2 Private Buses 16 18 18 19
3 Contract Carriages 3 4 4 4
4 Educational Institution buses 17 20 23 26
5 Other Buses 9 11 12 13
6 Goods Vehicles 658 706 756 803
7 Autorickshaws 373 403 431 459
8 Taxies 246 292 318 338
9 4 To 6 Seaters 42 45 46 49
10 Other Vehicles 138 144 148 159
Total Transport 1,543 1,685 1,800 1,914
Total Non-Transport and Transport Vehicles in Karnataka
State
16,292 17,870 19,377 20,543 543
1XPEHURI3RVWRI¿FHV
District 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18
Bangaluru (Urban) 289 251 184 289 222 275 271 271 272
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
Bangaluru (Rural) 171 180 203 133 201 142 142 142 143
Ramanagara 290 172 181 181 180 181 181 181
Chitradurga 293 320 308 317 317 317 317 317 317
Davanagere 172 152 262 325 202 261 324 324
Kolar 223 401 218 269 218 218 220 220
274
Chikkaballapura 198 210 198 147 198 198 198 198
Shivamogga 475 357 471 355 355 355 355 355 355
Tumakuru 559 566 562 560 559 558 558 558 558
Chikkamagaluru 310 300 302 302 301 301 301 301
Dakshina Kannada 562 549 424 473 472 471 471 471 471
Udupi 254 286 334 334 334 334 332 331
Hassan 420 418 419 418 414 415 415 415
421
Kodagu 220 212 216 216 216 213 216 216
Mandya 364 364 350 352 352 352 351 352 353
Mysuru 285 282 436 392 388 183 384 387 387
Chamarajanagar 320 161 205 204 204 205 205 206
South Karnataka 5405 5264 5250 5206 5262 4920 5175 5245 5248
Belagavi 541 719 727 728 730 732 732 732
Vijayapur 419 410 401 405 405 405 405 404
419
Bagalakote 430 327 339 335 335 335 334 334
Dharwad 218 217 210 213 213 213 213 211 210
Gadag 171 171 169 170 171 170 170 170 170
Haveri 260 257 259 259 259 260 259 259
Uttara kannada 490 489 491 491 491 491 489 488
496
Ballari 454 444 446 384 384 447 384 385
Bidar 304 304 305 305 304 304 304 304
305
Kalaburagi 620 411 333 428 429 427 428
624
Yadagir 202 210 291 195 195 197 196
Rayachuru 290 286 287 286 287 287 287 287
290
Koppala 218 217 218 219 218 218 218 218
North Karnataka 4415 4508 4453 4480 4419 4420 4486 4417 4415
STATE 9820 9772 9703 9686 9681 9340 9661 9662 9663
544 Source : Chief Post Master General Karnataka Circle
Chapter VIII
ECONOMIC TRENDS AND PLANNING
E ven before the advent of the British there
were slight changes in the cropping pattern in
agriculture. The introduction of agricultural crops
1860’s (American Civil War days) had its own
impact. In the long run it helped in creating cotton
processing units. As a result, Cotton weaving not
like potato, chillies, groundnut and tobacco was only received a setback, but its massive foreign
one factor. The discovery of new sea route by the market was also lost.
Portuguese brought new competitors to Arabs, who
The administrative policies of the British helped
enjoyed almost a monopoly of Indian’s overseas
the expansion of urban centers like Bengaluru,
trade. Soon the Dutch and the English appeared
Bengaluru Cantonment, Mysore, Mangaluru,
on Karnataka’s coast and overseas demand for
Davanagere, Hubballi, Gadag, Hospet, Kalaburagi
Indian goods like rice, textiles, diamond and spices
etc, This was due to increased industrial activity
UHFHLYHGDÀOOLS3URGXFWLRQRIDJDUEDWKLKDVEHHQ
DQGFRQFHQWUDWLRQRIRIÀFHVRUXQLWVOLNHUDLOZD\
initiated by the Adilshahis in North Karnataka
workshops. Mangaluru witnessed tile factories
area. Tipu introduced sericulture and also started
VWDUWHG E\ %DVHO 0LVVLRQ 'XULQJ WKH ÀUVW KDOI
glass and paper industry.
of the 20th century, new towns like Mandya,
Advent of British Bhadravati, Raichur, Harihar, Chikkamagaluru,
With the advent of the British, an increase in etc., expanded. New towns saw starting of hotels,
roads, bridges and communication facilities JLYLQJDÀOOLSWRGHPDQGIRUPLONLQEXON0\VRUH·V
resulted in fostering trade. Railways gave a further economic planners were to start a process of
ÀOOLSWRWKLVDFWLYLW\%XW,QGXVWULDO5HYROXWLRQLQ economic activity not seen earlier by raising
England and British colonial policies gave a severe dams and starting industries and by generating
blow to spinning industry which till then provided power. The process had been set a foot by Dewan
jobs to lakhs of women engaged in weaving Sheshadri Iyer. In the meanwhile co-operative
and textiles; besides gunny bag manufacture, movement and banking expanded during the
iron industry and paper industries also. Salt ÀUVW TXDUWHU RI WKH th century. Beedi rolling, a
monopoly threw thousands of salt makers out domestic industry emerged by providing labour to
of job and introduction of kerosene weakened the needy.
indigenous oil extractors, which resulted in Planning in Mysuru
affecting their prosperity. Thus pressure on land The economic conference (between 1911
and dependence solely on agriculture increased. and 1931) initiated by Sir M.Visveswaraya in
But coffee plantations and public works gave job princely Mysuru introduced through his book
to thousands. Famines and epidemics like plague ‘Planned Economy for India’ has suggested
during the later half of the 19th century killed schemes for the development of Industries and
lakhs depleting the labour force. The newly started thus for the improvement of the State economy.
textile factories in Bengaluru had to be closed for ‘Industrialize or Perish’ was his slogan. Princely
some months for want of labour. But famine relief 0\VXUX 6WDWH ZDV WKH ÀUVW 6WDWH LQ WKH FRXQWU\
works provided jobs to many. Abolition of Slavery to formulate an economic plan which contained a
Act (1843) also brought about many changes number of schemes in 1946 at an estimated cost
in labour supply, especially in plantations and of Rs.48.99 crores. Despite this, the State was
public works. largely pre-industrialized and under developed at
The British, according to their colonial policies, the commencement of the era of planning. Free
were encouraging the raising of crops which served India later launched a programme aimed at the
as raw material, required for their industrial Welfare State and at the same time developing
SURGXFWLRQV7KH\LQWURGXFHG$PHULFDQORQJÀEHU basic and key industries. Thus came many
cotton into Karnataka. The Cotton Boom of the Central Government industries to Bengaluru 545
and attempts were made to expand irrigation Minor irrigation facility was extended by three
potential by raising the Tungabhadra Dam and lakh acres and three major and 12 medium size
other irrigation projects. Even though the State projects were taken up for construction at an
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
was predominantly agricultural the minimum estimated cost of Rs.78.69 crores. Additional
infra-structure for growth of industries had been power generation went up to the extent of 269.5
created. The economy of the princely State by Million KW.
1950 was characterized by the following features:
Third Five Year Plan (1961-66) : 7KLVZDVWKHÀUVW
1. Population was not relatively in proportion to comprehensive plan for the economic development
the utilization of resources, of the State, with an outlay of Rs. 246.22 crores
2. Agricultural sector which was not progressive and an expenditure of Rs.264.75 crores. About 41
due to low yield and poor credit and marketing per cent was earmarked for better utilization of
facilities and prevalence of uneconomic water and power development, 18.46 per cent for
holdings, agricultural and allied activities. The per capita
expenditure went upto Rs.106 as against Rs. 64.5
3. Low level of Industrialization,
in second plan. The important projects under this
4. Low per capita income low rate of capital plan were the Harangi, the Hemavathi, the upper
formation and inadequate infrastructure. Krishna and the Malaprabha. During the Annual
In order to offset these drawbacks in the State Plan of 1966-67, the expenditure was Rs.54.68
Plans, major thrust was on the following facts: crores.
1. Removal of poverty and attainment of self-
Fourth Five Year Plan (1969-74) : The main
reliance,
emphasis of this plan was on (a) regional
2. Increasing the level of per capita income both development (b) adoption of district plans. The
in real and in money terms, strategy of the plan included the objectives
3. Providing employment opportunities, of achieving a growth rate of 5.6 per cent in
4. Optimum utilization of available resources, agriculture. The expenditure incurred was Rs.
5. Development of Agriculture and Industry. 386.82 crores. Regarding achievements, total
irrigated area increased from 13.15 lakh hectares
6. Holding the price line,
in 1969-70 to 15.94 lakh hectares in 1973-74.
7. Meeting the minimum requirements of the Installed capacity of power increased from 877.5
people through Minimum Needs Programme, MW to 966.6 MW at the end of Fourth Plan. Per
8. Equitable distribution of wealth and income. capita consumption of energy increased from 82
units to 121 unit, area under agriculture from
Development under plans
10,028,000 hectares to 17,504,000 hectares
First Five Year Plan (1951-56) : ,Q WKH ÀUVW and food production from 5,63,800 tonnes to
plan, the outlay was Rs. 47.58 crores and the 66,41,000 tonnes.
expenditure was Rs.40.51 crores in the erstwhile
Fifth Five Year Plan (1974-79): The main
Mysuru State. The major expenditure was Rs.15.37
feature of this plan was removal of poverty and
crores for irrigation, Rs. 10.39 crores for power, Rs.
attainment of economic self-reliance. The main
4.80 crores for industries and Rs. 3.60 crores for
objectives were (1) to achieve a growth of 8.5 per
agriculture. Regarding Physical Progress, ‘Grow
cent per annum, to raise the level of per capita
More Food’ campaign was popularized. National
income to that of national level, (2) to provide
Extension Scheme was introduced, 4,100 acres of
highest priority for power and communication, (3)
afforestation was achieved and three major and
to maximize productive employment both in rural
11 medium irrigation projects were undertaken.
and urban areas, (4) To bring about enlarged and
Second Five Year Plan (1956-61): The Second PRUHGLYHUVLÀHGDQGGHFHQWUDOL]HGLQGXVWULDOEDVH
plan was revised after State Re-organization, with in the State.
an outlay of Rs. 145.13 crores. The expenditure
The outlay was Rs.1,076.33 crores and the
was Rs.142.82 crores. The major expenditure was
expenditure was Rs.852.39 crores by 1977-78.
on irrigation Rs. 28.27 crores, on power Rs.28.02
crores and on social services Rs.32.42 crores. The plan came to an end by 1977-78, instead
546
During this plan agriculture production increased. of 1978-79. This worked out at cent per cent
expenditure. The percentage of average annual and 7th plans investment on Centrally-sponsored
growth from 1973-74 to 1977-78 was 7.1 at schemes has also increased. There has been
current prices and 6 at constant prices of 1956- marked increase in the private investment also.
57. The State income at the end of the Plan was 7KHUHZHUHVLJQLÀFDQWVKRUWIDOOVLQWKH6WDWH3ODQ
Rs. 2,913 crores at current prices and the per expenditure. The State’s share in the total plan
capita income was Rs.840 at current prices. The outlay for all states in the country which was 5.5
last year of Fifth plan 1978-79 and the next year per cent during Fifth plan has declined to 4.4 per
1979-80 were called Annual plans. Total outlay cent in Seventh plan and 5.4 per cent in Annual
was Rs. 345.27 crores in 1978-79 and Rs.385.39 Plans of 1990-92.
crores in 1979-80 and expenditure was Rs. 303
Eighth Five Year Plan (1992-97): The
crores respectively.
ECONOMIC TRENDS
DSSURYHG RXWOD\ IRU WKH (LJKW ÀYH \HDU SODQ RI
AND PLANNING
Sixth Five Year Plan (1980-85): The main Rs.12,300 crores at 1991-92 prices was more
feature was to achieve full employment by 1988, than double the Seventh plan level of Rs. 3,500
and for the maximum utilization of the State’s crores. Against annual approved outlay of Rs.
resources and to achieve a growth rate of 6.5 16,150 crores, expenditure has fallen short by 8.0
per cent and to increase the per capita income per cent to Rs. 14,894 crores. In real terms this
from Rs.1,115 (1979-80 prices) to Rs.1,500 in is 8.3 per cent less (Rs.11,272 crores) than the
1984-85. The outlay was Rs.2,400 crores. The Eighth plan approved outlay of Rs. 12,300 crores
physical achievements include, increase of food although still almost double than that of the
production from 57.74 lakh tonnes in 1980- Seventh plan. Major Eighth plan achievements
81 to 67.37 lakh tonnes in 1981-82; the total against original targets are labelled below.
QXPEHURIYLOODJHVHOHFWULÀHGLQFUHDVHGWR
the installed capacity in 1981-82 was 1847 1. Annual average growth of 5.6 per cent.
MW; 39,927 small scale industrial units were 2. Bringing the percentage of people below the
employing 3.25 lakh persons with an investment poverty line to 25 per cent from 38 per cent.
of Rs. 332 crores; severe droughts causing 3. Generating 15 to 20 lakh employment
not only decline in agriculture but also power opportunities.
production giving a blow to industries was also ,QFUHDVLQJ RSHUDWLRQDO HIÀFLHQF\ LQ LUULJDWLRQ
evidenced during the period. and power and
Seventh Five Year Plan (1985-90) : The outlay 5. Increasing basic facilities such as housing,
was Rs. 3,575 crores and the expenditure was Rs. health education and water supply.
4,056.4 crores. During the Seventh plan period
Ninth Five Year Plan (1997-02): The outlay
the annual average growth in the State Domestic
approved by the planning commission for the
3URGXFWZDVSODFHGDWÀYHSHUFHQWFRPSDUHGWR
1LQWK ÀYH \HDU SODQ ZDV 5V
SHU FHQW DW WKH QDWLRQDO OHYHO 6'3 UHÁHFWV
crores at 1996-97 prices. This is almost double
the growth of real output in economy). The annual
(90 per cent higher than) the eighth plan approved
average growth in agriculture and allied activities
outlay of Rs. 12,300 crores at 1991-92 prices and
in the State during the Seventh plan was only
57 per cent higher than the 8th plan expenditure
2.1 per cent (3.4 per cent at all-India level). In
of Rs.14,894 crores. The Ninth plan has been
Industrial production, the growth was 6.6 per
formulated keeping in view the changed national
cent (7.5 per cent at all-India level). The growth
scenario and the consequent expected role of
in the unorganized sector of the industry which
SODQQLQJ LGHQWLÀHG VWUHQJWKV DQG ZHDNQHVV
accounted for 50 per cent of the industrial output
in the State’s economy, as well as its critical
in the State in early 1980s had slackened. The
needs. The State’s growth performance must
main reasons for this slow growth rate of State’s
keep pace with national growth rates and over
economy are low growth in creation of irrigation
strip. Productivity in different sectors must also
potential coupled with frequent draughts and
go up. The growing problem of unemployment
chronic power shortages. Nearly 75 per cent of the
needs to be addressed by reserving the observed
net sown area is still depending on rainfall.
phenomenon of secondary and tertiary sectors
The State Plan outlay is being considerably to proportionately absorbing as much of the
increased, the level being nearly 10 times that of disguised unemployment in the primary sector as
547
the Second Plan even in real terms. During 6th their growth would warrant. The ultimate goal of
development efforts is human development with Under the Special Component Plan Rs. 2,916.42
its two pre-requisites of reduction of poverty and crores in Annual Plan 2007-08 and Rs.15,858.36
improvement of the quality of life. Within this crores in Eleventh Five Year Plan have been
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
overall goal inequalities and injustices must be earmarked for the welfare of the Scheduled Castes.
set right and issues of original and gender equity Under the Tribal Sub Plan Rs. 1,129.12 crores is
redressed. Crucial areas requiring attention are Annual Plan 2007-08 and Rs. 6,143.54 crores in
basic facilities like education, health, drinking Eleventh Five Year Plan have been earmarked for
water, sanitation and housing. the welfare for the Scheduled Tribes.
7HQWK ÀYH \HDU SODQ The outlay Priorities: In the Eleventh Five Year Plan,
approved by the planning commission for the 38.36 per cent of the outlay has been allocated
7HQWK ÀYH \HDU SODQ ZDV 5V for the Irrigation and Energy sectors followed
crores at 2001-02 prices. This is 86 per cent of the by Social Services sector with an allocation of
1LQWKÀYH\HDUSODQDSSURYHGRXWOD\RI5V 33.58 per cent, Transport 12.39 per cent, Rural
crores. The outlay for the annual plan 2002-03 Development 4.74 per cent, Agriculture and Allied
is Rs.8,616.61 crores and Expenditure is Rs. sector 4.25 per cent. In the Annual Plan 2007-08,
8,163.91 crores. The outlay for the annual plan 35.25 per cent of the outlay has been allocated
2004-05 is Rs.12,322.92 crores. This represents for the Irrigation and Energy sectors followed
an increase of 26 per cent over the budgeted by Social Services sector with an allocation of
outlay of Rs.9,779.75 crores in 2003-04 and 34.41 per cent, Transport 13.36 per cent, Rural
forms 28 per cent of the Tenth plan outlay of Rs. Development 5.26 per cent, Agriculture and Allied
43,558 crores. Tenth Five Year Plan outlay and Sector 4.65 per cent.
Expenditures are given below.
Resources of 12th Five Year Plan (2012-
Outlay and Expenditure during the Tenth Five 17): The State’s plan spending has been growing
Year Plan (2002-03 to 2006-07) VLJQLÀFDQWO\ 7KH RXW OD\ IRU WKH th Five Year
(Rs. in crores) Plan is at Rs. 2,55,250.00 crore. Out of this
Year Approved outlay (B.E) Expenditure
around 40 per cent is from Borrowings (net), 36
per cent is from own resources, 13 per cent from
2002-03 8610.61 8163.92 IEBR and remaining 11 per cent is from central
assistance to State Plan. The actual expenditure
2003-04 9779.75 8619.45 in the 12th Five Year Plan is at Rs.3,09,186.22
crore which is 121.13 per cent of the 12th Five
2004-05 12322.92 11888.70
Year Plan Outlay. In respect of per cent utilization
2005-06 13555.00 12852.84* of resources, State Own Resources at 162.24 per
cent, the Central Assistance at 107.70 per cent,
2006-07 16166.00 16166.00 State’s Borrowings ( net ) 90.22 per cent and
* Revised Estimates. /B.E: Budget Estimates.
IEBR at 113.15 per cent. For more details see
Table 8.1.
Eleventh Five Year Plan (2007-12): The outlay
Inter-sectoral Outlays of 12th Five Year Plan:
for the Eleventh Five Year Plan (2007-12) is Rs.
The expenditure priorities of the State can be
96,703 crores, which represents an increase of
evaluated by the outlays on General, Social
122 per cent over Tenth Five Year Plan (2002-07)
and Economic Services. It is desirable that
outlay of Rs.43,558 crores. The outlay proposed
the outlays should be enhanced for social and
in the Annual Plan 2007-08 is Rs. 17,783 crores,
economic services, as they have a direct impact
which represents an increase of 10 per cent
on the socio-economic indicators. The higher
over the budgeted outlay of Rs.16,166 crores in
investment in socio- economic sectors is expected
2006-07 and forms 18.4 per cent of the Eleventh
to improve the overall development indicators of
Five Year Plan outlay. The District Plan size for
the State. The core sectors which performed well
Eleventh Five Year Plan is Rs.10,800 crores and
in 12th Plan are Industries & Minerals (221.00 per
for Annual Plan 2007-08 it is Rs. 1980 crores. The
cent), followed by Welfare of SCs, STs, OBCs and
outlay proposed for Externally Aided Projects in
Minorities (195.71 per cent), RDPR (156.43 per
548 Annual Plan 2007-08 is Rs. 3,025.51 crores and
cent), Agriculture and Allied (147.19 per cent),
Rs.12,041.40 crores in Eleventh Five Year Plan.
Women and Child Development (139.30 per cent) and Medical and Public Health (137.57 per cent). The
plan performance by the major sectors during the12th plan is presented in Table 8.2.
Sectoral breakup of outlays and expenditure by major sectors for the last three years is presented in
Table 8.3.
Table 8.1 Financial Resources of 12th Plan, Karnataka
(Rs.In Crore)
Per cent Actual Achieve-
Sl. 12th Plan Target Actual Achievement in
Items ment over the12th Plan-
No (at Currentprices) The 12th Five Year Plan
Target
1 State Borrowings (net) 101654.00 (39.83) 91709.80 (29.66) 90.22
ECONOMIC TRENDS
2 State Own Resources 92095.00 (36.08) 149415.04 (48.33) 162.24
AND PLANNING
3 IEBR 33486.00 (13.12) 37888.55 (12.25) 113.15
4 Central Assistance 28015.00 (10.97) 30172.83 (9.76) 107.70
Total 255250.00 309186.22 121.13
Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19
Note: Figures in bracket indicate per cent to total
Table 8.2 Outlay & Expenditure in the 12th Five Year Plan
(Rs.In Crore)
12 Plan
th
Per cent expendi-
Sl. Actual Expenditure
Sectors 2012-17 Outlay ture over the12th
No in the 12th FYP
(At Current prices) Plan outlay
A. Economic Services
Agriculture & Allied Activities
1 20939.11 30821.14 147.19
(incl. Co-operation)
2 Rural Development 8396.35 13134.60 156.43
3 Special Area Programme 4086.11 5321.59 130.24
4 Irrigation and Flood Control 41157.22 44257.39 107.53
5 Energy 26779.38 21031.10 78.53
6 Industry & Minerals 4777.25 10557.76 221.00
7 Transport 33224.38 38985.32 117.34
Science, Technology, Forestry,
8 2945.97 3145.30 106.77
Ecology & Environments
9 General Economic Services 6739.46 4725.29 70.11
Total-A : Economic Services 149045.23 171979.49 115.39
B. Social Services
Education Sports, Art &
10 21348.66 28509.07 133.54
Culture
11 Medical and Public Health 8983.05 12357.91 137.57
12 Water Supply, Housing & Urban Development
12 a a) Water Supply 13009.70 14273.70 109.72
12 b b) Housing 9102.57 12151.61 133.50
12 c c) Urban Development 20964.36 23140.71 110.38
13 Information & Publicity 206.00 214.98 104.36
Welfare of SCs, STs, OBC &
14 12893.75 25235.00 195.71 549
Minorities
15 Labour & Labour Welfare 1540.74 1620.70 105.19
16 Social Security & welfare 5875.03 6741.46 114.75
KARNATAKA
17 Women & Child Dev. 6564.86 9144.96 139.30
HAND BOOK OF
Total-B: Social Services 100488.72 133390.10 132.74
C General Services 5716.04 3816.81 66.77
Grand Total-State Plan 255249.99 309186.40 121.13
Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19
Table 8.3 Developmental Outlays by Major Sectors
(Rs.I n C rore)
Per cent Change in
Sl. 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
State Budget 2018-19 over
No. (A/C) (RE) (BE)
2017-18
I Economic Services
Agriculture & Allied Activities
1 13416.95 16272.63 17947.14 10.29
(Including Co-operation)
2 Rural Development 5546.74 6399.20 6903.32 7.88
3 Special Area Programme 456.57 507.99 306.48 -39.67
4 Irrigation and Flood Control 11085.19 13495.16 15184.79 12.52
5 Energy 9237.01 9438.43 10075.06 6.75
6 Industry and Minerals 1665.70 2334.28 2480.68 6.27
7 Transport 12467.79 12297.80 11473.09 -6.71
Science, Technology &
78.83 101.29 88.23 -12.89
8 Environment
9 General Economic Services 6659.79 5546.91 4203.83 -24.21
Total-I: Economic Services 60614.57 66393.69 68662.62 3.42
II. Social Services
10 Education, Sports, Art & Culture 21192.51 20369.65 26466.17 29.93
11 Health 6882.88 7715.23 9644.01 25.00
12 Water Supply, Housing and Urban Development
12 a (a) Water Supply 4751.90 5339.03 5298.65 -0.76
12 b (b) Housing 3882.17 4817.00 3674.48 -23.72
12 c (c) Urban Development 4412.71 4478.01 4897.45 9.37
13 Information and Publicity 152.56 446.83 285.27 -36.16
Welfare of SCs, STs, OBCs &
14 9023.05 11629.58 11599.48 -0.26
Minorities
15 Labour & Labour Welfare 496.01 919.61 608.51 -33.83
Social Security & welfare
16 7301.65 8551.40 16810.41 96.58
(incl. Nutrition)
Relief on Account of Natural
17 3037.26 1458.72 585.38 -59.87
Calamities
18 Other Social Services 280.39 468.60 214.59 -54.21
19 Secretariat Social Services 33.00 37.13 36.81 -0.86
550 Total - II : Social Services 61446.09 66230.79 80121.21 20.97
III. General Services 32324.94 37123.57 46584.48 25.48
IV Grant-in-aid and Contribution 5685.58 7131.67 6167.21 -13.52
V Public Debt 7420.24 8175.65 11135.84 36.21
VI Loans and Advances 1934.38 4623.77 5816.76 25.80
Total: State Budget 169425.80 189679.14 218488.12 15.19
Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19
ECONOMIC TRENDS
General Overview per cent. Female literacy rate which was 56.87
AND PLANNING
Karnataka State is on the mission to promote per cent in 2001 has been increased to 68.1 per
faster and inclusive growth. This is evident from cent in 2011 which is above the National
the achievements in various key economic Average of 64.6 per cent. Karnataka is India’s
and social sectors, through inclusive programmes 7th most urbanized state with 38.7 per cent of
and policies. The Economic survey 2018-19 is a population living in urban areas.
snap shot of these achievements and the progress
The Economic Survey 2018-19 presents an
made in attainment of sustainable development
overview of major trends in Income and Prices,
goals. Karnataka, India’s seventh largest State
State Finances, Investment and Exports, Rural
in terms of geographical area (191791 sq.km)
Development, Urban Development, Agriculture
is a home to 6.11 crore people (2011 Census)
and Allied Activities, Natural Resources,
accounting for 5.05 per cent of India’s population.
Industry, Employment, Infrastructure, Human
The achievements in some demographic goals
Development, Gender and Social Equity, Balanced
have been noticeable in Karnataka. The State’s
Regional Development, Evaluation of Government
population has grown by 15.6 per cent during the
Programmes and Policies, Skill Development etc.
last decade, and its population density has risen
from 276 in 2001 to 319 in 2011, indicating an State Income
increase of about 15.6 per cent The Advance estimates shows that the Gross
State Domestic Product (GSDP) of Karnataka is
Birth rate in the State has declined to 17.6 in
expected to grow at 9.6 per cent at constant (2011-
2016 from 18.8 in the year 2011 and the death rate
12) prices and reach Rs.10,82,534 crore in 2018-
has declined at a lower rate from 6.7 in2016 to 7.1
19. The GSVA growth rate of agriculture sector is-
in 2011. The consequent demographic changes
4.8 per cent in 2018-19 compared to 14.2 per cent
are expected to open up new opportunities as
in 2017-18 on account of fall in production of food
well as challenges for the State. The sex ratio has
grains from 144 lakh ton in 2017-18 to 100 lakh
increased from 965 in 2001 to 973 in 2011. The
ton (expected) during 2018-19 due to prevailed
Child sex ratio declined from 960 in 1991 to 946
drought conditions in 100 taluks in kharif and
in 2001 but has slightly increased to 948 in 2011.
156 taluks in rabi season. The industry sector
Karnataka State has 133.57 lakh households (comprising mining & quarrying, manufacturing,
as per 2011 census as against 104.02 lakh construction and electricity, gas & water supply)
households in 2001 census. The number of is expected to rise by 7.4 per cent in 2018-19
households has registered a decadal growth rate against a growth of 4.7 per cent during 2017-18.
of 28.41 per cent. Karnataka has 14.91 per cent The service sector is expected to grow by 12.3 per
(19.65 lakh) female headed households where as cent in 2018-19 as against a growth of 12.2 per
the national average is 10.9 per cent. The labour cent during 2017-18. The Public Administration
Force Participation Rate is 45.62 per cent and of with 21.4 per cent, Other services (includes
the total workers in the State, 83.94 per cent are Education, Health and other remaining services)
main workers and 16.06 per cent are marginal with 14.4 per cent, Trade and Repair Services
workers. with 14.1 per cent, and Real Estate, Professional
Services & Ownership of Dwellings with 12.9 per
The literacy rate of the State is 75.4 per cent in
cent growth are the major contributors to achieve 551
2011 which is above the National Average of 73.0
HAND BOOK OF
KARNATAKA
552
9.6 per cent growth of GSDP in 2018-19, i.e. from Rs.9,87,832 crore in 2017-18 to Rs.10,82,534 crore in 2018-19. Where as the Advance
Estimates of All India Gross Domestic Product (GDP) at constant (2011-12) prices in the year 2018-19 is expected to grow at 7.2 per cent . The
sectoral growth rate of Agriculture, Industry and Services at all India are anticipated to grow 3.8 per cent, 7.8 per cent and 7.3 per cent respectively.
Per capita Income
Per Capita State Income (i.e. per capita NSDP) of Karnataka at current prices is estimated at Rs.2,07,062 during 2018-19 as against Rs.1,83,737
in 2017-18 with an increase of 12.7 per cent. The Per Capita National Income is expected to reach Rs.1,25,397 during 2018-19 from Rs.1,12,835
during 2017-18 with an increase of 11.1 per cent. The level of per capita State income at constant (2011-12) prices for the year 2018-19 is
estimated to reach Rs.1,46,814 as compared to Rs.1,35,451 achieved in 2017-18.
Sectoral Composition of Gross State Domestic Product
A marginal decrease is evident in the composition of GSDP of agriculture & allied activities and industry sector from 11.67 per cent and
22.45 per cent in 2017-18 to 10.11 per cent and 22.01 per cent in 2018-19 respectively. Meanwhile, a marginal increase in the composition of
the service sector from 65.88 per cent to 67.87 per cent is apparent. The contribution of ‘Real estate, Professional Services & Ownership of
Dwellings is highest with 36.02 per cent, followed by ‘Manufacturing (14.46 per cent)’, ‘Trade and Repair Services (9.80 per cent)’, Other Services’
(7.0 per cent) and ‘Crops (6.92 per cent)’.
District-wise Income of Karnataka: The District wise details of Net District Income and corresponding per capita Income of all the 30 districts
of the state for the year 2014-15 at current and constant prices are given in Table 8.4,8.5 and 8.6.
Table 8.4 Sector wise Net District Domestic Product (NDDP) for the year 2014-15 Current Prices
(Rs. Lakhs)
Mining
Forestry Primary
and Manufa Electricity
and Sector Secondary
District Crops Livestock Fishing Quarry- cturing Gas and Wa- Construction
Logging Total Sector Total
ing ter Supply
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Bagalkot 384780 51408 15300 1545 15126 468159 322342 33793 174390 530525
Bengaluru (Urban) 56529 160124 33229 3107 38265 291254 2881993 269566 1819991 4971550
Bengaluru (Rural) 102435 49199 15388 2200 15535 184757 287122 33658 56556 377336
Belagavi 707367 131246 43535 3863 17602 903613 445936 71160 233244 750340
Ballari 283622 63081 19689 11838 294677 672907 221434 27204 260053 508691
Bidar 134681 32728 20497 1842 5618 195366 118276 17746 57768 193790
Table 8.4 (Cont...
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Vijayapura 366230 22086 18576 7729 7757 422378 140340 26903 129005 296248
Chamarajanagar 153614 44289 13091 3064 5741 219799 123240 9841 49087 182168
Chikkaballapur 116929 94365 18092 1334 10009 240729 147397 21006 61471 229874
Chikkamagaluru 217512 30641 26181 5689 6529 286552 381061 11091 154347 546499
Chitradurga 317835 34277 25951 4636 3664 386363 108325 18119 76088 202532
Dakshina Kannada 228390 56121 31275 106884 8740 431410 1275021 30537 438529 1744087
Davanagere 336384 77611 18964 12403 4933 450295 181344 22063 141261 344668
Dharwad 159845 33187 10237 2253 14532 220054 215806 17424 264713 497943
Gadag 147736 17545 7422 845 6263 179811 109462 6409 44427 160298
Kalaburagi 401169 44212 19294 2690 93989 561354 156460 21342 56364 234166
Hassan 226262 81386 21641 8123 9999 347411 138185 19093 155113 312391
Haveri 229904 37910 14920 5213 2999 290946 113556 13255 72705 199516
Kodagu 146103 14944 17896 2991 154 182088 51016 4162 29874 85052
Kolar 190072 109239 18388 1201 24787 343687 230882 26113 47874 304869
Koppal 194482 70673 13451 3518 8904 291028 97716 22252 54641 174609
Mandya 230597 138438 20582 11577 11718 412912 244013 30073 159964 434050
Mysuru 308517 102120 28426 6720 2886 448669 327914 38499 119877 486290
Raichur 249514 37464 23266 14282 47864 372390 92231 18677 96451 207359
Ramanagara 148079 89722 12832 3610 11206 265449 284370 18660 64918 367948
AND PLANNING
553
ECONOMIC TRENDS
HAND BOOK OF
KARNATAKA
554
Table 8.4 (Cont...
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Shivamogga 322863 51538 37949 34532 9753 456635 216924 24078 318779 559781
Tumakuru 369183 91153 46956 10102 23078 540472 569940 49783 263437 883160
Udupi 113132 30373 33648 103579 12987 293719 401777 13895 176050 591722
Uttara Kannada 151111 30523 18132 74702 6908 281376 141285 10195 146176 297656
Yadagir 146197 16593 10414 1696 1576 176476 74248 8844 55917 139009
State 7141077 1844196 655222 453767 723797 10818059 10099617 935441 5779070 16814127
Table 8.4 (Cont...
Real
Estate
Net
Trans- Profe- Public Per
Hotels & Com- Finan- Tertiary District
Trade & Rail- port by Sto- ssional Admin- Other capita
District Restau- mun cial Ser- Sector Domestic
Repair ways other rage Services is Services Income
rants ication vices Total Product
Services means & Own- tration (in Rs)
(NDDP)
ership of
Dwellings
1 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Bagalkot 203717 39023 2204 95715 991 9324 150597 319701 15712 128599 965583 2183007 111126
Bengaluru (Ur-
2264506 3384416 8343 632842 6551 675016 829974 13292677 849154 1073892 23017371 28044249 280391
ban)
Bengaluru
163756 17122 8139 36880 382 6199 34818 265709 17864 58245 609114 1301632 126361
(Rural)
Belagavi 390601 74462 11105 90784 940 16658 296571 593632 32998 253658 1761409 3795695 76394
Ballari 282825 48891 17474 148785 1540 13116 117187 410005 191784 157309 1388916 2856766 112051
Bidar 154286 28953 4453 51414 532 5824 109517 223164 22938 111451 712532 1224373 69149
Vijayapura 158342 29200 7328 119129 1233 6834 89660 251426 18161 117704 799017 1686650 74519
Table 8.4 (Cont...
1 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Chamara-
110494 15185 800 54763 567 4709 106996 161002 11781 57097 523394 1028408 96916
janagar
Chikkaballapur 145168 17679 2818 55118 571 5730 33977 211597 13709 90239 576606 1163826 89202
Chikkamaga-
141984 24682 5355 90956 942 10147 176862 268084 15134 127728 861874 1883673 159237
luru
Chitradurga 135743 25784 9639 49391 511 8449 51985 263083 14570 114391 673546 1403026 81333
Dakshina Kan-
309354 70042 6687 212942 2204 40817 248767 772220 125700 290308 2079041 4728324 217670
nada
Davanagere 190439 32153 2649 50323 521 8428 50766 277952 22285 85769 721285 1685096 83322
Dharwad 242411 39601 7272 85462 885 20200 135867 445280 43977 144860 1165815 2093592 109040
Gadag 132220 21897 5411 54579 565 4969 56145 154297 13620 77279 520982 956984 86476
Kalaburagi 35442 9414 66500 688 8886 101764 308581 26618 128700 882536 1864922 69906
195943
Hassan 200556 31138 13867 170175 1762 11835 155766 368044 20905 145011 1119059 1976953 107057
Haveri 163932 23407 5580 57338 594 7897 79049 226414 13858 111321 689390 1311240 78952
Kodagu 75580 14885 0 12670 131 3959 23975 100973 6202 24541 262916 589082 102194
Kolar 175998 21662 6902 69284 717 7574 40239 239617 24095 111468 697556 1496015 93669
Koppal 126581 25741 2931 36954 383 5084 49590 169709 9896 59114 485983 1057590 73197
Mandya 193654 34399 5468 132546 1372 11751 266313 330353 31247 138813 1145916 2214807 117988
Mysuru 363864 56983 6764 133707 1177 43254 133535 691542 75402 198753 1704981 2911698 93331
Raichur 167541 35835 2875 94721 981 6428 58709 237535 23487 130761 758873 1487691 74197
Ramanagara 114017 17079 3382 52837 547 7970 38327 251963 14422 76835 577379 1345608 119564
Shivamogga 240869 36163 1663 112432 1164 25388 114707 379480 44808 196197 1152871 2410858 132317
Tumakuru 308508 45144 5468 171929 1780 18377 128429 494509 36751 224191 1435086 3177062 114083
AND PLANNING
555
ECONOMIC TRENDS
HAND BOOK OF
KARNATAKA
556
Table 8.4 (Cont...
Udupi 152468 38141 5685 108826 1127 16866 167218 415203 39823 153045 1098402 2204763 180143
Uttara Kannada 142197 33480 9921 68928 714 10282 139733 252236 21039 134107 812637 1546647 103526
Yadagiri 87750 18871 3269 76042 787 3323 31603 139663 10000 51366 422674 820362 67205
State 7735306 1291459 182866 3173973 32856 1025291 4018647 22515652 1807940 4772751 46556741 82450600 129823
Source : State and District Domestic Product of Karnataka 2016-17.
Table 8.5 Sector-wise net District Domestic Product (NDDP) for the year 2014-15 Constant Prices
(Rs. in lakhs)
Forestry
Live Mining and Primary Manufac Electricity Secondary
District Crops and Logging Fishing Construction
stock Quarrying Sector Total turing Water Supply Sector Total
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Bagalkot 258378 43587 11766 699 13107 327537 287764 28145 152865 468774
Bengaluru (Urban) 33195 117413 26556 1405 33158 211727 2572839 223956 1595343 4392138
Bengaluru (Rural) 56936 37274 13525 995 13462 122192 256322 27985 49575 333882
Belagavi 485540 114343 33754 1747 15253 650637 398100 59221 204454 661775
Ballari 235473 50974 15343 5355 255348 562493 197680 22643 227954 448277
Bidar 91589 28207 16845 833 4869 142343 105589 14736 50638 170963
Vijayapura 277053 20034 13610 3496 6722 320915 125286 22376 113082 260744
Chamarajanagar 94494 37216 10536 1386 4975 148607 110020 8183 43028 161231
Chikkaballapur 85193 71824 14536 603 8673 180829 131585 17466 53883 202934
Chikkamagaluru 130945 26752 22240 2574 5658 188169 340185 9229 135295 484709
Table 8.5 (Cont...
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Chitradurga 221074 29097 20919 2097 3175 276362 96705 15075 66696 178476
Dakshina Kannada 162676 46113 27980 73672 7573 318014 1138248 25428 384400 1548076
Davanagere 246082 63305 15083 5610 4274 334354 161891 18434 123825 304150
Dharwad 131756 27301 7612 1019 12593 180281 192656 14467 232039 439162
Gadag 133372 15291 5419 382 5427 159891 97720 5332 38944 141996
Kalaburagi 293506 38308 13354 1217 81445 427830 139676 17768 49407 206851
Hassan 161007 69557 17435 3675 8664 260338 123362 15960 135967 275289
Haveri 186512 31412 11433 2358 2598 234313 101374 11052 63731 176157
Kodagu 54201 12375 15650 1353 133 83712 45544 3501 26186 75231
Kolar 142801 82381 14873 544 21479 262078 206115 21742 41965 269822
Koppal 153483 55540 10189 1591 7715 228518 87234 18529 47896 153659
Mandya 163352 105055 16172 5237 10154 299970 217838 24985 140219 383042
Mysuru 232759 82058 22189 3040 2501 342547 292739 32087 105080 429906
Raichur 206344 32309 19077 6460 41476 305666 82337 15552 84546 182435
Ramanagara 86380 67534 10279 1633 9711 175537 253866 15542 56905 326313
Shivamogga 198945 43770 31912 15620 8451 298698 193654 20020 279431 493105
Tumakuru 239165 76996 40176 4569 19998 380904 508802 41309 230920 781031
Udupi 77138 26253 31485 70538 11254 216668 358678 11561 154319 524558
Uttara Kannada 96622 26346 14865 49026 5986 192845 126129 8473 128133 262735
Yadagir 129038 15155 7583 767 1366 153909 66283 7363 49015 122661
State 5065007 1493778 532396 269502 627196 7987879 9016223 778120 5065739 14860082
AND PLANNING
557
ECONOMIC TRENDS
HAND BOOK OF
KARNATAKA
558
Table 8.5 Continued
Net
Hotels Real Estate,
Trade & Trans- District
& Rail- Stor- Commu- Finan- Professional Public Per cap-
Repair port by Other Total Domestic
District Restau- ways age nication cial Ser- Services & Adminis- ita (in
Services other Services Product
rants vices Ownership tration Rs.)
means (NDDP)
of Dwellings
1 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Bagalkot 168461 32241 1940 83475 816 7682 144178 249520 12640 97339 798292 1768648 90033
Bengaluru
1872601 279600 7343 551914 5396 556118 794599 10575359 683101 832220 16158251 23028237 230240
(Urban)
Bengaluru
135416 14146 7164 32164 314 5107 33334 208552 14371 44687 495255 1055162 102434
(Rural)
Belagavi 323002 61520 9774 79175 774 13724 283931 458771 26545 193177 1450393 3064357 61675
Ballari 233878 40394 15381 129758 1269 10806 112192 319499 154280 120393 1137850 2383135 93473
Bidar 127584 23921 3920 44839 438 4798 104850 173038 18453 84401 586242 997731 56349
Vijayapura 130939 24125 6450 103894 1016 5630 85839 194111 14609 89616 656229 1373000 60661
Chamaraja
91372 12546 705 47760 467 3879 102435 124593 9477 43493 436727 828050 78034
nagar
Chikka-
120045 14607 2481 48070 470 4721 32529 164376 11029 68600 466928 943539 72318
ballapur
Chikka-
117412 20393 4713 79325 776 8360 169324 209653 12174 98243 720373 1545320 130634
magaluru
Chitrad-
112251 21303 8484 43075 421 6961 49769 204314 11721 86402 544701 1108636 64267
urga
Dakshina
255816 57869 5886 185711 1816 33627 238165 610287 101119 224279 1714575 3971483 182829
Kannada
Davanagere 157481 26565 2332 43887 429 6943 48603 215362 17927 65928 585457 1357552 67126
Dharwad 200459 32719 6400 74533 729 16642 130076 349655 35377 111213 957803 1749397 91113
Table 8.5 Cont....
1 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Gadag 109338 18092 4763 47599 465 4094 53752 119724 10957 59121 427905 809446 73144
Kalabu-
162032 29282 8286 57996 567 7321 97426 238741 21413 97276 720340 1502915 56336
ragi
Hassan 165847 25726 12205 148413 1451 9750 149127 287281 16817 109951 926568 1621788 87824
Haveri 135561 19339 4912 50006 489 6506 75680 175621 11148 84317 563579 1080363 65050
Kodagu 62500 12298 0 11049 108 3261 22953 78353 4989 18593 214104 413764 71780
Kolar 145539 17897 6075 60424 591 6240 38524 185941 19384 84914 565529 1217208 76212
Koppal 104674 21267 2580 32228 315 4188 47476 131305 7961 44922 396916 864130 59807
Mandya 160140 28421 4813 115596 1130 9681 254962 257320 25136 106237 963436 1826152 97284
Mysuru 300892 47080 5954 99167 970 35636 127843 541191 60657 152277 1371667 2378142 76229
Raichur 138546 29607 2530 82609 808 5296 56207 183784 18894 100184 618465 1227342 61213
Ramanaga-
94285 14111 2977 46080 451 6566 36693 197107 11601 58298 468169 1075893 95599
ra
Shivamogga 199183 29878 1464 98054 959 20916 109818 296453 36046 150291 943062 1924221 105609
Tumakuru 255116 37298 4813 149943 1466 15140 122955 384635 29565 170174 1171105 2587680 92919
Udupi 126081 31512 5004 94909 928 13895 160091 327504 32035 118172 910131 1831598 149653
Uttara Kan-
117588 27661 8732 60114 588 8471 133778 196218 16925 101743 671818 1250449 83700
nada
Yadagir 72564 15591 2878 66318 648 2738 30256 108249 8045 39023 346310 690865 56597
State 6396599 1067008 160957 2768087 27063 844696 3847366 17766517 1454395 3655484 37988172 67476203 106245
Source : State and District Domestic Product of Karnataka 2016-17.
AND PLANNING
559
ECONOMIC TRENDS
HAND BOOK OF
KARNATAKA
560
Table 8.6 Gross/Net State Domestic Product and Per Capita Income from 1960-61 to 2016-17
Gross State Domestic Gross State Domestic Net State Domestic Net State Domestic
Per Capita Income (Per Capita
Sl. Product (GSDP) at Product (GSDP) at Product (NSDP) at Product (NSDP) at
Year Net State Domestic Product
No Current Prices (Rs. Constant Prices (Rs. Current Prices (Rs. Constant Prices (Rs.
(NSDP) at Current Prices) in. Rs
Lakhs) Lakhs) Lakhs) Lakhs)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 1960-61a - - 69164 69164 296
2 1961-62a - - 76445 74095 320
3 1962-63a - - 81180 78174 333
4 1963-64a - - 94137 81348 378
5 1964-65a - - 108609 81084 427
6 1965-66a - - 116372 75647 448
7 1966-67a - - 142621 85711 537
8 1967-68a - - 152521 85644 562
9 1968-69a - - 163106 93338 588
10 1969-70a - - 176316 99881 622
11 1970-71b - - 185811 185811 641
12 1971-72b - - 191564 188522 646
13 1972-73b - - 201243 176970 664
14 1973-74b - - 281535 204113 907
15 1974-75b - - 317771 203296 1000
16 1975-76b - - 309240 216477 951
Table 8.6 Cont....
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
17 1976-77b - - 328291 207012 986
18 1977-78b - - 381307 244450 1117
19 1978-79b - - 399507 253858 1142
20 1979-80b - - 482171 261228 1345
21 1980-81c 621032 621032 558736 558736 1520
22 1981-82c 716860 661709 642344 595740 1707
23 1982-83c 801276 680456 713722 610171 1855
24 1983-84c 961003 727767 861717 653582 2192
25 1984-85c 1083088 780809 969723 702315 2416
26 1985-86c 1157468 756897 1021834 673330 2495
27 1986-87c 1327121 824469 1173306 736513 2810
28 1987-88c 1515827 881547 1343482 788292 3159
29 1988-89c 1770911 956698 1567132 856321 3620
30 1989-90c 2021422 1013026 1779770 904572 4044
31 1990-91c 2330040 1025982 2055120 911210 4598
32 1991-92c 3009173 1149444 2673762 1026985 5889
33 1992-93c 3303585 1181049 2916231 1050758 6321
34 1993-94d 4107905 4107906 3698228 3698229 7838
35 1994-95d 4791516 4338693 4306510 3891705 8960
36 1995-96d 5621456 4616681 5002819 4097390 10217
AND PLANNING
561
ECONOMIC TRENDS
HAND BOOK OF
KARNATAKA
562
Table 8.6 Cont....
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
37 1996-97d 6517572 5030220 5807078 4473655 11670
38 1997-98d 7304576 5377782 6475689 4751682 12832
39 1998-99d 8784091 6061964 7875624 5396093 15396
40 1999-00e 10124741 10124741 9053192 9053192 17502
41 2000-01e 10836170 10268651 9634777 9113592 18344
42 2001-02e 11284650 10555966 9889675 9278843 18547
43 2002-03e 12088876 11035977 10589474 9776504 19621
44 2003-04e 13098974 11417352 11423011 9966856 20901
45 2004-05f 16674713 16674713 14872897 14872898 26882
46 2005-06f 19590407 18427703 17491121 16403065 31239
47 2006-07f 22723706 20266010 20381918 18108596 35981
48 2007-08f 27062879 22820215 24302840 20380990 42419
49 2008-09f 31031233 24442138 27853414 21830924 48084
50 2009-10f 33755850 24759029 30074742 21836349 51364
51 2010-11f 41070316 27272131 36833840 24081677 62251
52 2011-12g 60600981 60600981 55495220 55495220 90263
53 2012-13g 69541305 64329221 63592383 58681080 102319
54 2013-14g 81666615 70484869 74656904 64032281 118829
2014-15g
55 91264654 75190770 82450600 67476209 129823
SRE
2015-16g
56 101690994 81480264 91747244 72872067 142906
FRE
2016-17g
57 113269024 87385388 102200768 78141620 157474
AE
Source: State and District Domestic Product of Karnataka 2016-17.
Note:
a. Computed with base year as 1960-61
b. Computed with base year as 1970-71
c. Computed with base year as 1980-81
d. Computed with base year as 1993-94
e. Computed with base year as 1999-2000
f. Computed with base year as 2004-05
g. Computed with base year as 2011-12
Prices Price at the wholesale level and CPI at the consumer
Price is one of the key indicators in the economic level. Beyond the basics, the number and types of
planning process. Changes in prices have a direct items included in the WPI and CPI basket differ
bearing on all sections of the society irrespective of and so does the weights given to these items. Food
their level of living. Prices indicate the purchasing has a larger weight in CPI than WPI, the CPIs are
SRZHU RI PRQH\ DQG LQÁDWLRQ UDWH DW ERWK therefore more sensitive to changes in prices of
ZKROHVDOH DQG UHWDLO OHYHOV 7R PHDVXUH LQÁDWLRQ food items. Whereas the fuel group has a much
both wholesale and retail levels, the commonly higher weight in WPI than CPIs.
used indicators are Wholesale Price Index and 'XULQJ EDVHG RQ LQÁDWLRQ UDWH RI $OO
Consumer Price Index. India Wholesale Price Index (WPI) is increased
ECONOMIC TRENDS
´:KROHVDOH 3ULFHµ LV GHÀQHG DV WKDW SULFH DW to 3.84 per cent in 8 (April-November) months.
AND PLANNING
which a commodity is sold to other sellers or During the corresponding period of previous year
processors and not for ultimate consumption. LQÁDWLRQUDWHZDVLQFUHDVHGE\SHUFHQWRQO\
7KLV SULFH GHÀQLWLRQ UHIHUV WR WKH ´0RGHO 3ULFHµ 'XULQJ EDVHG RQ LQÁDWLRQ UDWH RI $OO
i.e. the price at which the largest transaction India level Consumer Price Index (CPI) is increased
takes place. Wholesale Price Index (WPI) is used to 4.86 per cent in 8 (April-November) months.
to measure the price situation in different sectors During the corresponding period of previous year
of the economy. This index is released every week LQÁDWLRQUDWHZDVLQFUHDVHGE\SHUFHQW
DWWKHQDWLRQDOOHYHOE\WKH2IÀFHRIWKH(FRQRPLF
Advisor in the Department of Industrial Policy and Wholesale Price Index
Promotion, Ministry of Commerce and Industry. Wholesale Price Index is used to measure the
price situation in different sectors of the economy.
The base year for construction of this index
This index is released every month at the National
has been changed from 1993-94 to 2004-05
as well as State level.
in order to cover existing commodities. For
better representation and wider coverage, 676 All India Wholesale Price Index
commodities which includes 102 primary articles, 7KLV ,QGH[ LV UHOHDVHG E\ WKH 2IÀFH RI WKH
19 fuel and power items and 555 manufactured Economic Advisor in the department of Industrial
products are considered. Policy and Promotion, Ministry of Commerce
and Industry. The base year for this index is
In Karnataka, the Directorate of Economics and
2011-12=100. For better representation and wider
Statistics constructs this WPI for 33 agricultural
coverage, 697 commodities have been covered
commodities with 1981-82 as the base year.
which includes 117 primary article’s, 16 fuel and
However, under Karnataka State Strategic
power items and 564 manufactured products.
Statistical Plan shifting of the base year from
1981-82 to 2007-08 has been taken up for better During 2016-17 and 2017-18 Wholesale price
coverage. In the State WPI is useful to monitor the index analysis given below.
WUHQGV LQ SULFHV DW WKH ÀUVW VWDJH RI FRPPHUFLDO
WUDQVDFWLRQV DQG HVWLPDWLRQ RI SULFH GHÁDWRUV WR x During 2017-18 , the Index of all commodities
obtain GSDP at constant prices. is increased from 113.2 in April to 116.3 in
November 2017, showing an increase of 2.74
The main source of primary data for construction per cent.
of this index is 40 Agricultural Produce Marketing
x During 2016-17 , the index of all commodities
Committees of Agricultural Marketing Department
is increased from 109.0 in April to 111.9 in
situated across the State, who compile the prices
November 2016, showing an increase of 2.66
of agricultural commodities and also Sugar
per cent.
Directorate, Coffee Board, Tobacco Board and
Spices Board. x 7KH$QQXDOUDWHRILQÁDWLRQEDVHGRQPRQWKO\
WPI, stood at 3.93 per cent for the month of
,QÁDWLRQ November 2017 (over November 2016)
7KHUHDUHWZRPHDVXUHVRILQÁDWLRQLQ,QGLDWKH
Wholesale Price Index and the Consumer Price During 2017-18 (April-November) Group-wise
563
Index. As the name indicates the WPI measures changes in WPI are as follows.
x Primary Articles (Weight 22.62), The index for x During 2017-18, the Index of Wholesale price
this major group rose by 6.44 per cent in 8 index is decreased from 1234 in April to 1187
months. in October 2017, showing a decrease of 3.80
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
x Fuel and Power (Weight 13.15), The index for per cent in 7 months.
this major group rose by 3.60 per cent in 8 x In 2018, October index is 1270 and compared
months. to 2017 October index (1187) the annual Index
x Manufactured Products (Weight 64.23), The increased to 6.99 per cent.
index for this major group rose by 1.15 per During 2018-19 (April-October) Group-wise WPI
cent in 8 months. is as follows.
Agricultural Commodities x During 2018, compared to April index to
Wholesale Price Index of Karnataka State: October index, all commodities index is
This index is useful to monitor the trends in increased to 4.35 per cent., Cereals group index
SULFHVDWWKHÀUVWVWDJHRIFRPPHUFLDOWUDQVDFWLRQ increased by 17.06 per cent, Oil seeds group
and to estimate the state internal products. The increased by 14.42 per cent, Condiments and
main source of primary data for the construction Spices group increased by 13.25 per cent, Gur
of this Index is (1) 40 Agricultural Produce and Sugar group index increased by 4.79 per
Marketing committees (APMC,s) of Agricultural cent, whereas the index of Miscellaneous group
Marketing Department situated across the decreased by 8.66 per cent, Fibre group index
state, who compile the prices of agricultural decreased by 5.42 per cent and Pulses group
commodities (2) Sugar Directorate (3) Coffee, index by 5.18 per cent.
Tobacco and Spices Board. x During April- October 2018, Coffee, Pepper,
During 2017-18 and 2018-19 (April- October) Tur and Coconut commodities prices are
33 agricultural commodities Wholesale Price decreased by 15.38 per cent, 10.44 per cent,
index of Karnataka State analysis given below. 9.60 per cent and 9.46 per cent respectively.
x During 2018-19, the Index of Wholesale price WPI numbers of agricultural commodities in
is increased from 1217 in April to 1270 in Karnataka since 2000-01 are given in Table
October 2018, showing an increase of 4.35 per 8.7 and groupwise index numbers for 2015-16,
cent in 7 months. 2016-17 and 2017-18 are given in Table 8.8.
Table 8.7 Whole sale Price Index Numbers of Agricultural Commodities in Karnataka
Base year : 1981-82=100
Percentage Variation over Previous Year/
Year Index
Month
2000-01 402 -6.29
2001-02 387 -3.73
2002-03 397 2.58
2003-04 428 7.81
2004-05 439 2.57
2005-06 461 5.01
2006-07 501 8.68
564 2007-08 546 8.98
2008-09 671 22.89
2009-10 754 18.33
2010-11 794 0.00
2011-12 891 12.22
2012-13 978 9.76
2013-14 1042 6.54
2014-15 1151 10.46
ECONOMIC TRENDS
2015-16 1201 4.34
AND PLANNING
2016-17 1198 -0.25
2017-18 1205 0.58
(April 2018 to October 2018)
April 2018 1217 -0.16
May 2018 1220 0.25
June 2018 1211 1.23
July 2018 1235 0.00
August 2018 1242 0.57
September 2018 1284 3.38
October 2018 1270 -1.09
Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19
Table 8.8 Group wise Index Numbers of Whole sale Prices of Agricultural
Commodities in Karnataka
Base Year 1981-82=100
Percentage variation in
2016-17 2017-18 2017-18
Sl. Commodity November over April
Weight
No Group
April October April October April October 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18
1 Cereals 29.89 1205 1289 1291 1232 1260 1475 6.97 -4.57 17.06
2 Pulses 4.92 2011 1859 1417 1190 1177 1116 -7.56 -16.02 -5.18
3 Oil seeds 17.31 1173 1095 1170 994 957 1095 -6.65 -15.04 14.42
4 Gur & Sugar 14.56 649 701 719 699 752 788 8.01 -2.78 4.79
5 Fiber 9.64 781 810 895 790 812 968 3.71 -11.73 19.21
Condiments and
6 2.27 1128 1150 1005 1005 921 1043 1.95 0.00 13.25
Spices
7 Miscellaneous * 21.41 1494 1565 1690 1800 1905 1740 4.75 6.51 -8.66
All Commodities 100.00 1234 1208 1234 1185 1217 1270 -2.11 -3.97 4.35
Note: * Miscellaneous items include coffee, onion, potato, tobacco, tamarind, coconut and arecanut. 565
Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19
Consumer price Index: 288 points, corresponding period of November
In order to study the changes in the retail prices WKH SRLQWV VWRRG DW DQQXDO LQÁDWLRQ
of a basket of selected goods consumed and rate was 3.97 per cent.
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
services utilized by a selected group of population,
During 2018-19 April-November 8 months
four different types of Consumer Price Indices
average index is 297 points, compared to
are being constructed every month. They are
corresponding period of the previous year
Consumer Price Index for (a) Industrial Workers
DYHUDJH LQGH[ ZDV DQG LQÁDWLRQ UDWH
(CPI-IW) (b) Agricultural Labourer’s (CPI-AL) (c)
increased by 4.95 per cent.
Rural Labourer’s (CPI- RL) and (d) Rural and
8UEDQ &3,²5 8 7KH ÀUVW WKUHH indices are During 2017-18 April-November 8 months
constructed and released by the Labour Bureau, average index was 283 points, compared to
Shimla and the fourth by the Central Statistical corresponding period of the previous year average
2IÀFH &62 1HZ 'HOKL ,Q .DUQDWDND WKH LQGH[ ZDV DQG LQÁDWLRQ UDWH LQFUHDVHG E\
Directorate of Economics & Statistics constructs 2.16 per cent.
and releases only CPI-IW for State series every
During 2018-19, among 5 centers (Bengaluru,
month.
Belagavi, Madikeri, Hubballi-Dharwad, Mysuru)
Consumer Price Index for Industrial Workers the index of both Mysuru and Madikeri compared
The target group of CPI-IW is workers of to April 2018 in November 2018 increased by 3.03
factories, mining, plantations, motor transport, per cent.
docks, railways & electricity. This index is mainly During 2018-19, the Index of both Mysuru centre
used to determine the dearness allowance for the is moved from 297 in April to 306 in November
employees in both the public and private sectors. 2018, from April to November 8 month’s average
At the National level, CPI (IW) for Central series is is 303 points, and compared to corresponding
constructed for 78 selected industrially developed period of the previous year average index is 282,
centers across the country, with 5 of these showing an increase of 7.44 per cent.
center’s based in Karnataka(Bengaluru, Belagavi,
Hubballi-Dharwad, Madikeri and Mysuru). The The general index of Madikeri centre is moved
base year for CPI-IW is 2001=100. Base year from 297 in April to 306 in November 2017, from
changing work is under progress. April to November 8 month’s average is 303 points,
compared to corresponding period of the previous
During 2016-17, 2017-18 and 2018-19, All year average index is 301, and has increased by
India level Consumer Price Index for Industrial 0.66 per cent.
Workers analysis given below.
The index details of Mysuru and Madikeri
All India level Consumer Price Index of centers during 2018-19 (till November 2018) and
November 2017 was 288 points, corresponding Food and General index of Belagavi, Madikeri
period of this year the points moved to 302, and Mysuru centers. CPI-IW in April & November
DQQXDOLQÁDWLRQUDWHLQFUHDVHGE\SHUFHQW for the year 2016-17, 2017-18 & 2018-19, in
During 2017-18, index of November 2017 was Karnataka and all India is presented in Table 8.9.
Table 8.9 Consumer Price Index Numbers for Industrial Workers at All India and Karnataka
All India Karnataka*
Base Year : 2001=100 Base Year : 1987-88=100
Month
2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
April 271 277 288 794 826 846
566 May 275 278 289 816 829 847
June 277 280 291 824 835 852
July 280 285 301 817 845 858
August 278 285 301 809 849 859
September 277 285 301 810 845 861
ECONOMIC TRENDS
AND PLANNING
October 278 287 302 810 849 864
November 277 288 302 806 856 867
December 275 286 - 808 846 -
January 274 288 - 812 845 -
February 274 287 - 818 844 -
March 275 287 - 824 842 -
Note: * Average of 16 centers (11State series + 5 Central series)
Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19
State Consumer price index for Industrial an increase of 3.4 per cent and 8 months average
workers index from April to November is showing an
decrease of 1.9 per cent, when compared with the
In Karnataka, the Directorate of Economics
corresponding period of previous year (947).
& Statistics constructs CPI-IW for 11 centres
viz. Ballari, Bhadravathi, Davanagere, Dandeli, Ballari centre recorded the highest increase of
Kalaburagi, Harihara, Hassan, Mandya, Index from 777 in April 2018 to 811 in November
Mangaluru, Raichur and Tumakuru. The base 2018. The average general index from April 2018
year for the State series index is 1987-88=100. to November 2018 of Ballari centre (796) has
increased by 3.24 per cent, compared to the
During 2018-19, among the 11 State series
corresponding period of the previous year the
centres, General index of Kalaburagi and Ballari
general index of this centre is increased by 4.37 per
centers increased by 4.47 per cent and 4.38 per
cent. During 2018-19, Ballari centre food index
cent respectively. During 2018-19, the general
increased from 922 to 963 of April to November
Index of Kalaburagi, centre is increased from
this 8 months average index is 943 points,
760 in April to 794 in November 2018 showing
showing increase of 4.45 per cent, compared to
an increase of 4.63 per cent and from April to
the corresponding period of the previous year the
November, 8 month’s average is 779 points
index was increased by 0.64 per cent. General
showing an increase of 3.5 per cent compared
index of Kalaburagi and Ballari centers illustrate
to corresponding period of previous year. (752)
in Figure 2.12. Details of the CPI-IW for all India
Kalaburagi centre. Food index increased from
and Karnataka is presented in Table 8.10, 8.11
911 in April to 942 in November 2018, showing
and 8.12. 567
Table 8.10 Consumer Price Index Numbers for Industrial Workers in Karnataka
Percentage Variation in
2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
Sl. September Over April
Centres
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
No.
April November April November April November 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
Central Series (Base Year : 2001 = 100)
1 Bengaluru 273 278 284 292 288 292 1.83 2.82 1.39
2 Belagavi 276 280 284 299 295 298 1.45 5.28 1.02
Hubballi-
3 290 293 294 307 312 318 1.03 4.42 1.92
Dharwad
4 Madikeri 276 285 295 305 297 306 3.26 3.39 3.03
5 Mysuru 277 281 291 301 297 306 1.44 3.44 3.03
State Series (Base Year : 1987-88=100)
6 Ballari 722 736 754 788 777 811 1.94 4.51 4.38
7 Bhadravathi 761 772 790 827 816 845 1.45 4.68 3.55
8 Davanagere 822 833 864 898 885 918 1.34 3.94 3.73
9 Dandeli 773 777 795 824 818 850 0.52 3.65 3.91
10 Kalaburagi 700 710 735 768 760 794 1.43 4.49 4.47
11 Harihar 716 722 751 789 779 813 0.84 5.06 4.36
12 Hassan 766 772 805 844 835 844 0.78 4.84 1.08
13 Mandya 815 823 848 883 868 898 0.98 4.13 3.46
14 Mangaluru 700 712 729 764 754 784 1.71 4.80 3.98
15 Raichur 820 825 852 884 879 910 0.61 3.76 3.53
16 Tumakuru 658 663 692 731 717 747 0.76 5.64 4.18
568 Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19
Table 8.11 Consumer Price Index Numbers for Industrial Workers at Selected Centers in Karnataka State
CENTRAL SERIES Base Year : 2001=100
BENGALURU BELAGAVI HUBBALLI- DHARWAD MADIKERI MYSURU
Year/Month
Food General Food General Food General Food General Food General
Weight 45.53 100.00 51.76 100.00 49.51 100.00 55.41 100.00 48.05 100.00
2006-07 128 128 126 127 126 125 118 116 125 125
2007-08 140 138 140 135 138 135 128 122 135 132
2008-09 163 154 156 147 159 151 153 139 156 146
2009-10 185 171 183 167 181 169 176 160 180 165
2010-11 198 185 201 184 196 185 191 176 193 177
2011-12 206 197 226 204 217 204 202 191 204 191
2012-13 235 217 247 222 245 225 228 216 231 212
2013-14 279 242 281 246 268 252 269 244 286 248
2014-15 295 258 289 256 279 270 284 259 293 260
2015-16 312 271 305 270 297 285 301 273 305 271
2016-17 322 281 315 282 306 293 309 284 321 284
2017-18 325 296 326 293 310 304 323 299 336 298
(April 2018 to November 2018)
April-2018 321 288 323 295 313 312 316 297 324 297
May-2018 319 287 328 297 313 312 318 299 328 299
June-2018 319 288 328 298 312 312 322 302 333 302
July-2018 320 290 326 298 311 317 324 303 326 304
August-2018 319 290 324 298 311 317 327 305 325 303
September-2018 319 290 323 298 312 318 328 305 327 305
October-2018 319 291 324 299 311 318 327 305 329 306
November-2018 321 292 323 298 311 318 329 306 329 306
Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19
AND PLANNING
569
ECONOMIC TRENDS
HAND BOOK OF
KARNATAKA
570
Table 8.12 Consumer Price Index Numbers for Industrial Workers at Selected centers in Karnataka State
STATE SEREIES Base Year : 1987-88=100
DAVANAGE- KALABUR-
BALLARI BADRAVATHI DANDELI HARIHARA HASSAN MANDYA MANGALURU RAICHUR TUMAKURU
RE AGI
Year / Month
eral
eral
eral
eral
eral
eral
eral
eral
eral
eral
eral
Gen-
Gen-
Gen-
Gen-
Gen-
Gen-
Gen-
Gen-
Gen-
Gen-
Gen-
Food
Food
Food
Food
Food
Food
Food
Food
Food
Food
Food
Weight 54.73 100.00 48.53 100.00 52.53 100.00 49.22 100.00 49.23 100.00 49.58 100.00 56.02 100.00 53.48 100.00 58.11 100.00 52.71 100.00 41.29 100.00
2006-07 340 315 382 330 390 328 381 353 337 308 343 304 342 315 363 328 348 312 335 339 349 279
2007-08 381 341 406 349 434 355 415 371 390 330 387 328 366 328 405 351 375 332 384 371 393 300
2008-09 452 387 464 388 498 405 475 408 452 373 439 362 419 368 473 393 444 373 457 423 456 335
2009-10 530 429 547 436 574 461 538 449 485 398 491 388 490 415 543 438 494 408 550 482 527 373
2010-11 560 457 557 451 615 495 580 474 527 425 525 407 538 453 583 481 548 444 578 510 564 395
2011-12 583 479 619 508 674 549 656 524 606 478 583 457 583 497 637 538 584 479 654 563 576 421
2012-13 669 539 718 586 785 629 736 575 658 524 674 534 670 561 740 621 592 501 738 626 649 463
2013-14 755 612 825 665 916 718 828 654 744 587 781 616 795 648 871 716 688 575 833 708 796 542
2014-15 797 652 868 706 961 767 859 710 789 637 809 657 845 707 923 764 753 633 875 756 855 586
2015-16 844 694 922 739 1001 803 891 747 850 679 847 696 892 749 964 798 823 679 923 800 914 634
2016-17 901 739 978 775 1047 837 925 783 905 714 892 729 933 781 1005 829 870 713 947 830 957 672
2017-18 890 772 1013 811 1093 883 934 812 928 753 936 772 979 827 1050 867 902 750 980 871 1008 714
(April 2018 to November 2018)
April 2018 922 777 1001 816 1072 885 924 818 911 760 926 779 969 835 1045 868 895 854 974 879 990 717
May 2018 928 783 1005 821 1080 890 929 822 918 766 933 784 971 841 1050 873 898 759 978 883 992 722
June 2018 934 790 1008 827 1081 897 936 828 920 772 929 790 974 847 1056 878 902 765 982 889 988 728
July 2018 940 795 1010 832 1087 902 944 832 928 777 934 794 983 852 1060 883 907 769 986 893 1000 732
August 2018 945 800 1013 836 1087 906 945 837 932 782 942 799 989 856 1065 888 911 774 981 897 1001 737
September 2018 954 806 1009 840 1087 911 953 842 941 788 948 804 997 860 1068 893 916 779 996 901 1006 742
October 2018 960 809 1013 844 1094 915 956 846 943 790 948 808 1000 863 1067 897 914 781 1001 905 1012 745
November 2018 963 811 1004 845 1103 918 961 850 942 794 958 813 998 844 1065 898 917 784 1002 910 1015 747
Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19
Consumer Price Index for Agricultural as against an increase in index by 2.93 per cent
Labourers at all India level.
Consumer Price Index for Agricultural Labourers During 2018-19 (upto November 2018), in
(CPI-AL) for 20 States, including Karnataka, is Karnataka, the average general index has
being constructed every month by the Labour decreased to 1027 from 1057 during same period
Bureau, Shimla based on the information of 2017-18, thus showing a decrease of 2.92 per
obtaining from the Field Operation Division of cent. At the all India level, the index was increased
1DWLRQDO6DPSOH6XUYH\2IÀFH7KLVLQGH[LVXVHG by 1.69 per cent.
IRU À[DWLRQ DQG UHYLVLRQ RI PLQLPXP ZDJHV LQ
agriculture sector. The base year for this index is CPI-AL in April & November for the year, 2016-
17, 2017-18 and 2018-19 is presented in Table
ECONOMIC TRENDS
1986-87=100.
AND PLANNING
8.13 and CPI-AL at all India and Karnataka from
The general index of Karnataka is decreased by- 2000-01 are given in Table 8.14.
1.56 per cent in November 2018 over April 2018
Table 8.13 Consumer Price Index Numbers for Agricultural Labourers at
All India and Karnataka
Base Year :1986-87=100
Percentagevariation in
Item 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
September over April
April
November April November April November 2015-16 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18
Karnataka
i) Food 968 1018 1055 1103 1034 997 5.17 4.55 -3.58
ii) General 962 1005 1040 1076 1039 1023 4.47 3.46 -1.54
All-India
i) Food 817 851 831 866 831 856 4.16 4.21 3.01
ii) General 848 878 870 905 888 914 3.54 4.02 2.93
Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19
Table 8.14 Consumer Price Index Numbers for Agricultural Labourers at
All India and Karnataka
Base Year :1986-87=100
All India Karnataka
Year/Month Food General Food General
2000-01 303 305 311 306
2001-02 302 309 303 306
2002-03 312 319 319 320
2003-04 325 331 340 338
2004-05 333 340 343 343
2005-06 345 353 332 339
2006-07 376 380 349 358
2007-08 406 409 394 397
2008-09 452 450 451 445
2009-10 522 513 536 517
2010-11 572 564 595 575
2011-12 602 611 657 649
2012-13 658 672 737 724
2013-14 737 750 836 815
571
2014-15 778 800 860 863
2015-16 807 835 931 928
2016-17 841 870 1015 1001
KARNATAKA
2017-18 846 889 1075 1056
HAND BOOK OF
(April 2018 to November 2018)
April 2018 831 888 1034 1039
May 2018 834 891 1030 1035
June 2018 837 894 1013 1026
July 2018 846 902 1015 1027
August 2018 853 907 1011 1024
September 2018 854 910 1003 1022
October 2018 856 913 998 1024
November 2018 856 914 997 1023
Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19
State Finances continuously maintained. Over the last few years,
7KH 6WDWH·V ÀVFDO FRQVROLGDWLRQ HIIRUWV KDYH WKHÀVFDOGHÀFLWFRXOGDOVREHPDLQWDLQHGZLWKLQ
FRQWLQXHG WR EH HIIHFWLYH ZLWK DOO WKH ÀVFDO 3 per cent of GSDP as mandated by the KFRA
indicators contained within the stipulated limits prompted by the Government of India.
of the Karnataka Fiscal Responsibility Act, 2002
7KH6WDWH·VÀVFDOFRQVROLGDWLRQHIIRUWVKDYHEHHQ
(KFRA). The State has chosen on its own volition to
largely revenue led owing to the tax reforms and
EULQJLQÀVFDOGLVFLSOLQHLQWKHPDQDJHPHQWRILWV
toning up of tax administration that have yielded
ÀQDQFHV7KH*RYHUQPHQWKDVEHHQPDLQWDLQLQJ
buoyant revenue since the enactment of the
revenue surplus since 2004-05, as mandated by
FRA. The State’s revenue receipts have increased
WKH .)5$ 6WDWH KDV DOZD\V PDLQWDLQHG ÀVFDO
from Rs.1,46,032.90 crore in 2017-18 (RE) to
prudence as one of its policy goals. It is to the
Rs.1,66,395.66 crore in 2018-19 (BE) (Table
credit of the State that even during the economic
8.15).
slow down period (2008-10) revenue surplus was
Table 8.15 Receipts and Expenditure of Karnataka
(Rs. In crore)
2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
Items/Years
(A/C) (A/C) (A/C) (A/C) (RE) (BE)
Revenue receipts 89542.53 104142.15 118817.31 133213.79 146032.90 166395.66
Revenue expenditure 89189.57 103614.29 117028.58 131920.75 145649.06 166289.60
Capital receipts (net) 19445.49 21983.89 21985.42 32378.98 38569.30 44172.54
Capital Disbursements 19868.12 22603.25 24206.19 33524.00 39279.90 44781.35
Capital outlay (outside the revenue account) 16946.86 19622.30 20713.03 28150.43 31230.65 35245.92
Per cent to GSDP
Revenue receipts 14.57 15.20 16.14 11.92 11.14 11.82
Revenue expenditure 14.51 15.12 15.90 11.81 11.11 11.81
Capital receipts (net) 3.16 3.21 2.99 2.90 2.94 3.14
Capital Disbursements 3.23 3.30 3.29 3.00 3.00 3.18
Capital outlay (outside the revenue account) 2.76 2.86 2.81 2.52 2.38 2.50
Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19
Note: (a) Capital Receipts (net) does not include (i) Miscellaneous Capital Receipts; (ii) Ways and
572 Means and Market Borrowings but include Contingency Fund (net) and Public Account (net) (b) Capital
Disbursement does not include Ways and Means and Market Borrowings
Employment largely unorganized, rural and non-industrial in
Achieving high rate of growth along with nature.
commensurate generation of productive and
Employment Exchange Statistics
quality employment opportunities for the rising
The number of job seekers as per the live
labour force continues to be a major challenge
UHJLVWHU ÀJXUHV RI HPSOR\PHQW H[FKDQJHV ZDV
for both the central and the state governments.
3.40 lakh in November-2018 compared to 3.31
Low growth in employment, prevalence of low
lakh at the end of March-2018, an increase of 2.7
productive and low quality employment especially
per cent. There is an increase of 9.0 per cent in
in the unorganized sector and high unemployment
Post Graduates, 4.5 per cent in Matriculates’ and
rate among the youth and educated indicate that
Stenographers, 2.5 per cent in Graduates, and 2.4
the expansion of productive, quality and decent
ECONOMIC TRENDS
per cent in Diploma Holders. There has been
AND PLANNING
employment has been the principal concern of
2.4 per cent decrease in the registrants of ITI and
the state government’s policy in recent years. It
RWKHUFHUWLÀFDWHKROGHUVDQGSHUFHQWLQ%HORZ
reduces not only poverty but also makes the growth
Matriculates. Registrants on the Live Registers of
process more inclusive. In Karnataka, agriculture
Employment Exchanges in Karnataka are given
is the predominant source of livelihood for the
in Table 8.16.
majority of the population and employment is
Table 8.16 Registrants on the Live Registers of Employment Exchanges In Karnataka
Year Post Graduate Graduates Diploma Holders ITI Metric Below Metric Total
2010-11 4803 52870 22881 57983 274695 88367 501599
2011-12 4813 52652 23279 57000 252061 76697 466502
2012-13 4834 50216 20901 55481 223076 66707 421215
2013-14 5062 49844 18524 51786 211479 59100 395795
2014-15 4685 49201 12342 47766 191433 40127 345554
2015-16 4501 49142 12332 48482 188945 38211 341313
2016-17 4458 47992 11296 46132 185559 35273 330710
2017-18 3213 47345 12749 48838 186739 32379 331263
2018-19 3616 47647 13012 49519 195380 33408 342582
Source : Employment Department
Employment In Public and Private Sectors Branch-wise comparison shows that employment
Organized sector employment in the State has in Central Government, State Government,
decreased by 0.4 per cent from 23.961 lakh at the Central Quasi Government and State Quasi
end of the March-2018 to 23.941 lakh at the end Government has decreased from March-2018 to
of June-2018. Public Sector employment account June-2018. Table 8.17 gives branch-wise details
for 10.470 lakh (43.5 per cent) and Private Sector of the organized sector employment at the end of
for 13.478 lakh (56.5 per cent), Public sector June-2018. Employment in the organized sector
has decreased by 0.3 per cent where as Private in Karnataka from 2010-11 to 2018-19 are given
sector has increased by 0.1 per cent between in the Table 8.18
573
March-2018 to June-2018.
Table 8.17 Employment in Public and Private Sectors (Branch wise) from 2010-11 to 2018-19
(in lakhs)
Sl. March March March March March March March March March December
Branch
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
No 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2018
Central Gov-
1 0.975 0.955 0.955 0.953 0.954 0.945 0.935 0.933 0.929 0.928
ernment
State Govern-
2 5.709 5.735 5.803 5.794 5.699 5.649 5.628 5.613 5.609 5.605
ment
Central
3 Government 1.644 1.633 1.646 1.648 1.650 1.652 1.647 1.644 1.673 1.672
(Quasi)
State Govern-
4 1.608 1.602 1.582 1.554 1.557 1.567 1.567 1.575 1.616 1.615
ment (Quasi)
5 Local Bodies 0.683 0.689 0.672 0.650 0.636 0.639 0.638 0.636 0.643 0.643
Public Sector: 10.619 10.614 10.658 10.599 10.496 10.452 10.415 10.401 10.470 10.463
Private Sec-
6 11.575 11.669 12.170 12.274 12.534 12.778 12.830 12.913 12.876 12.862
tor-Act
Private Sector-
7 0.659 0.662 0.654 0.616 0.610 0.612 0.610 0.608 0.615 0.615
Non-Act
Private Sector: 12.234 12.331 12.824 12.890 13.144 13.390 13.440 13.521 13.491 13.477
TOTAL 22.853 22.945 23.482 23.489 23.640 23.842 23.855 23.922 23.961 23.940
Source : Commissionerate industrial training and employment (wing) Bengaluru
Table 8.18 Employment in the Organised Sector in Karnataka from 2010-11 to 2018-19
Public Sector Private Sector Public & Private Sectors
Year
Total Women Total Women Total Women
2010-2011 1061.40 284.30 1233.10 471.20 2294.50 755.50
2011-2012 1065.80 286.30 1282.40 472.30 2348.20 758.60
2012-2013 1059.90 289.50 1289.00 472.30 2348.90 761.80
2013-2014 1049.60 288.30 1314.40 475.10 2364.00 763.40
2014-2015 1045.20 286.90 1339.00 485.70 2384.20 772.60
2015-2016 1042.50 287.00 1344.70 488.40 2387.20 775.40
2016-2017 1041.50 286.48 1344.00 487.52 2385.50 774.00
2017-2018 1040.20 287.06 1352.10 490.98 2392.30 778.04
2018-2019 1047.00 288.16 1349.10 491.73 2396.10 779.89
Source : Commissionerate industrial training and employment (wing) Bengaluru
Employment in Public and Private Sectors Construction, Wholesale & Retail Trade, Repair of
(Industry Group-wise) motor vehicles and Motor cycles, Transportation
An analysis of the organized sector employment & Storage , Accommodation and Food service
by Industry group reveals over all decrease in the activities, Information and communication,
employment in Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing, Financial & Insurance activities, Real Estate
Manufacturing, Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air- DFWLYLWLHV 3URIHVVLRQDO 6FLHQWLÀF 7HFKQLFDO
conditioning system, Public Administration and activities, Administrative and support service
Defense; Compulsory Social Security sector and activities, Human Health & Social work activities
Education Sector. Further Organized sector sector, Arts, entertainment and recreation, and
employment has remained constant in Mining Other service Activities Sectors. For more details
and Quarrying, Water Supply, Sewerage, see Table 8.19.
574
Waste management and Remediation Activities,
Table 8.19 Employment in Public and Private Sector (Industry Group-wise)
(In Lakhs)
Employment as on Employment as on Employment as on
31-3-2017 31-3-2018 30-6-2018
INDUSTRY
Pub Pvt Total Pub Pvt Total Pub Pvt Total
Agriculture, Forestry &
1. 0.260 0.118 0.378 0.259 0.118 0.377 0.258 0.118 0.376
Fishing
2. Mining & Quarrying 0.073 0.072 0.145 0.076 0.072 0.148 0.076 0.072 0.148
ECONOMIC TRENDS
3. Manufacturing 0.583 5.785 6.368 0.592 5.787 6.379 0.592 5.778 6.370
AND PLANNING
Electricity, Gas, Steam
4. and air Conditioning 0.347 0.01 0.357 0.368 0.010 0.378 0.365 0.010 0.375
Supply
Water Supply; Sewer-
age, Waste Manage-
5. 0.054 0.001 0.055 0.054 0.001 0.055 0.054 0.001 0.055
ment & Remediation
Activities
6. Construction 0.292 0.015 0.307 0.292 0.015 0.307 0.292 0.015 0.307
Wholesale, Retail trade,
7. Repair of Motor Vehi- 0.080 0.287 0.367 0.078 0.289 0.367 0.078 0.289 0.367
cles, & Motor cycles.
Transportation and-
8. 1.363 0.253 1.616 1.369 0.224 1.593 1.369 0.224 1.593
storage
Accommodation And-
9. 0.006 0.253 0.259 0.006 0.251 0.257 0.006 0.251 0.257
food service Activities
Information and
10. 0.223 4.289 4.512 0.223 4.279 4.502 0.223 4.279 4.502
Communication
Financial and Insur-
11. 0.882 0.237 1.119 0.911 0.244 1.155 0.911 0.244 1.155
ance Activities
12. Real estate Activities 0.000 0.001 0.001 0.000 0.001 0.001 0.000 0.001 0.001
3URIHVVLRQDO6FLHQWLÀF
13. And Technical Activ- 0.316 0.081 0.397 0.317 0.081 0.398 0.317 0.081 0.398
ities
Administrative And sup-
14. 0.009 0.571 0.580 0.009 0.571 0.580 0.009 0.571 0.580
port Service Activities
Public Administration
15. & Defence; Compulsory 3.151 0.000 3.151 3.163 0.000 3.163 3.162 0.000 3.162
Social security.
16. Education 1.839 1.142 2.981 1.834 1.142 2.976 1.832 1.138 2.970
Human health & Social
17. 0.888 0.371 1.259 0.884 0.371 1.255 0.884 0.371 1.255
work Activities.
Arts, Entertainment
18. 0.021 0.023 0.044 0.021 0.023 0.044 0.021 0.023 0.044
And recreation
19. Other service Activities 0.013 0.012 0.025 0.014 0.012 0.026 0.014 0.012 0.026
TOTAL 10.400 13.521 23.921 10.470 13.491 23.961 10.463 13.478 23.941
Source : Commissionerate Industrial training and employment (wing) Bengaluru 575
Placements And Vacancies YDFDQFLHV KDYH EHHQ QRWLÀHG GXULQJ WKH
Between April-2018 and November-2018,10,025 current year upto November-2018 (21 on an
placements were made (1253 on an average every average every month) compared to 893 during the
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
month). During the corresponding period of the corresponding period the previous year (112 on an
previous year this number was about 6,201 average every month). The number of vacancies
(775 on an average per month). The number QRWLÀHGZDVSHUFHQWRIUHJLVWUDWLRQVDWWKH
of placements was 2.94 per cent of the total end of November-2018. During the year 2017-
registrations at the end of November-2018. YDFDQFLHVKDYHEHHQQRWLÀHG RQDQ
During the year 2017-18,14,382 placements average every month). For more details see Table
were made (1,198 on an average every month). 8.20
Table 8.20 No.of Vacancies 1RWLÀHG& Placements Made During 2010-11 to 2018-19.
Year Vacancies 1RWLÀHd Placements Made (Including job Fairs)
2010-11 7,421 5936
2011-12 3,202 8694
2012-13 3,271 15069
2013-14 2,629 18573
2014-15 1,827 8868
2015-16 2,059 5134
2016-17 2,062 8190
2017-18 1,100 14382
2018-19 260 25300
Source : Commissionerate industrial training and employment (wing) Bengaluru
Employment and Unemployment the usual principal activity of a person, he/she is
Annual Employment and Unemployment ÀUVW FDWHJRUL]HG DV EHORQJLQJ WR WKH ODERXU IRUFH
Survey, 2015-16 of Labour Bureau, Government or not, during the reference period on the basis of
RI ,QGLD LV ÀIWK LQ WKH VHULHV $V WKH 6XUYH\ RI major time criterion. A person may have pursued
Labour Bureau is annual, there is continuity in some other activity for more than 30 days or
the data availability. more other than his usual principal activity.
This status is termed as usual principal activity
In this analysis two approaches for each
and subsidiary activity status (PS+SS) or (UPSS)
parameter are considered. They are Usual
approach. The critical issues in the context of
Principal status (UPS) and Usual Principal and
ODERXU IRUFH HQTXLULHV SHUWDLQ WR GHÀQLQJ WKH
Subsidiary Status (UPSS] or (PS+SS) approach.
labour force and measuring participation of
Here the age criteria is 15 years and above for all the
labour force in different economic activities. The
estimates. Following analysis gives comparisons
activity participation of the people is not only
among Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka,
dynamic but also multi-dimensional as it varies
Kerala, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Telangana and
between regions, age, education, gender, industry
along with all India average.
and occupational categories.
The parameters considered are Labour Force
Worker Population Ratio (WPR)
Participation Rate (LFPR), Worker Population
The WPR indicates the proportion of workers/
Ratio (WPR), Proportion of Unemployed (PU) and
employed persons in the total population. WPR
Unemployment Rate (UR).
under PS+SS approach for Karnataka is 55.5 per
The activity in which a person spends relatively cent which is more than all India average of 50.5
longer time during the reference period is termed per cent. This rate is more in Andhra Pradesh
576 as usual principal activity of the person. To decide (61.6 per cent), Telangana (56.6 per cent) and
Tamil Nadu (56.3 per cent). However, it is less respectively. The state average male and female
in Kerala (45.2 per cent) and Gujarat (49.0 per worker population ratios (76.6 per cent and 33.3
cent). Highest WPR in Karnataka is 78.5 per cent per cent) are also higher than all India average.
for rural male and for female it is 37.6 per cent. Among the comparable states, Andhra Pradesh
Both are more than the all India average of 75.7 has the highest ratio of 61.6 per cent and Kerala
per cent and 30.2 per cent respectively. For urban has the lowest ratio of 45.2 per cent. Table8.21
male it is 73.2 per cent and for urban female it shows Worker Population Ratio Rate for persons
is 25.7 per cent and again higher than the all aged 15 years and above according to UPSS
India average of 67.1 per cent and 14.8 per cent approach.
Table 8.21 Worker Population Ratio Rate for Persons Aged 15 Years and above According to
ECONOMIC TRENDS
Usual Principal & Subsidiary Status Approach
AND PLANNING
(in Sercentage)
Rural Urban Urban & Rural
State Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total
Andhra Pradesh 79.5 57.3 68.6 66.1 20.2 42.9 75.9 47.0 61.6
Gujarat 78.5 25.3 52.9 71.1 10.2 41.9 75.9 19.9 49.0
Karnataka 78.5 37.6 58.6 73.2 25.7 49.9 76.6 33.3 55.5
Kerala 70.1 24.2 46.0 67.7 23.1 44.2 69.0 23.7 45.2
Maharashtra 75.3 46.4 61.1 63.5 12.3 39.0 70.5 32.8 52.2
Tamil Nadu 78.6 52.4 65.5 67.4 23.5 45.1 73.6 39.3 56.3
Telangana 71.5 52.9 62.2 68.0 22.9 46.1 70.3 42.7 56.6
All India 75.7 30.2 53.9 67.1 14.8 41.8 73.3 25.8 50.5
Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19
Unemployment Rate (UR) states. Under UPSS approach, UR of Karnataka
Yet another important parameter of is 1.4 per cent for all persons i.e., urban and
employment scenario is Unemployment Rate (UR). rural put together which is very less compared
It is the ratio of number of unemployed persons/ to India’s rate of 3.7 per cent. This rate is lowest
person-days to the number of persons/person- in Gujarat (0.6 per cent) and this rate is highest
days in the labour force. The estimates of URs are in Kerala (10.6 per cent). In Karnataka, the rural
obtained based on the estimates of unemployment areas unemployment rate is 1.1 per cent for males
obtained by the number of persons usually and 1.4 per cent for females. Whereas in urban
unemployed based on ‘usual principal status’ areas, for males it is 1.5 per cent and for females
DSSURDFKXVHGIRUWKHFODVVLÀFDWLRQRIWKHDFWLYLW\ it is 3.1 per cent. At all India level, for males in
status of persons. rural areas it is 2.9 per cent and for females it is
SHUFHQW7KHFRUUHVSRQGLQJÀJXUHVIRUXUEDQ
Here UPSS is taken for comparison and Table male and female are 3.0 per cent and 10.9 per
8.22 presents the UPSS UR for the comparable cent respectively.
Table 8.22 Unemployment Rate Among Persons Aged 15 Years and above according to Usual
Principal & Subsidiary Status Approach (in percentages)
Rural Urban Urban & Rural
State
Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total
Andhra Pradesh 3.5 2.9 3.3 2.7 9.1 4.3 3.3 3.7 3.5
Gujarat 0.7 0.3 0.6 0.5 1.2 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.6
Karnataka 1.1 1.4 1.1 1.5 3.1 1.9 1.2 1.8 1.4
Kerala 3.5 24.1 10.2 4.0 25.1 11.0 3.7 24.5 10.6
Maharashtra 1.5 1.1 1.3 1.4 4.9 1.9 1.4 1.7 1.5 577
Tamil Nadu 3.1 5.0 1.2 3.1 14.5 6.1 1.8 4.2 2.7
Telangana 1.0 1.5 1.2 3.1 14.5 6.1 1.8 4.2 2.7
KARNATAKA
All India 2.9 4.7 3.4 3.0 10.9 4.4 3.0 5.8 3.7
HAND BOOK OF
Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19
Wage Employment Programmes 90:10 nearly. Labour and material ratio has to be
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment maintained at 60:40. The wage portion is fully (i.e
Guarantee Scheme Mahatma Gandhi National labour) borne by Government of India, where as
Rural Employment Guarantee Act came into material portion has to be borne by Central and
force from 02-02-2006. It was rolled out in a State Governments in the ratio of 75:25. For all
phased manner to cover all the districts of the works taken up for implementation by all
rural areas of the entire State by 2008. In the GPs and all other implementing agencies, the cost
ÀUVW SKDVH GLVWULFWV ZHUH FRYHUHG ZLWK HIIHFW of the material component including the wages
from 01-04-2006, while in the second phase, 6 of the skilled and semi-skilled workers shall not
districts were covered with effect from 01-04-2007 exceed 40 per cent at the district level. (District to
and the remaining districts were covered in the be considered as a unit).
Third phase with effect from 01-04-2008. The Labour budget under MGNREGS for the
main objective of the Act is to enhance livelihood generation of 850.00 lakh person days for the
security in rural areas by providing 100 days of ÀQDQFLDO \HDU KDV EHHQ DSSURYHG E\
JXDUDQWHHGZDJHHPSOR\PHQWLQDÀQDQFLDO\HDUWR Ministry of Rural Development, Government of
every household whose adult members volunteer India. Corresponding allocation for the scheme
to do unskilled manual work. This also serves works out to Rs. 3739.15 Crores. As at the end of
other objectives such as generation of productive November 2018, an amount of Rs. 2425.13 Crores
assets, protecting the environment, empowering has been spent and 543.67 lakh person days
rural women, reducing rural-urban migration has been generated through which 14.67 lakh
and fostering social equity among others etc. households have been provided employment.
The scheme is being implemented as centrally Progress achieved under MGNREGA is given in
sponsored scheme on a cost sharing basis between Table 8.23 and 8.24 and details in Table 8.25.
Centre and State Governments in the ratio of
Table 8.23 Progress Achieved Under MGNREGA
Employment Works
Available Expenditure
Mandays provided
Year funds (Rs. In Under tak- Completed Under Prog-
(In Lakh) (Households in
(in crores) crores) en (Nos) (Nos) ress (Nos)
lakhs.)
2017-18 FY 3097.82 3007.61 860.04 19.06 1024000 373996 650004
2018-19 up
2629.99 2425.13 543.67 14.67 940006 255315 684691
to Nov 2018
Includes state available fund & state level expenditure
Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19
Table 8.24 Physical Progress Under MGNREGS, 2017-18 and 2018-19 (up to Nov 2018)
Progress Achieved in Progress achieved in
Programmes/Schemes Unit
2017-18 2018-19 (upto Nov-18)
Job Cards issued (Since inception) No 5446608 5675025
Mandays generated Lakh 860.04 Mandays 543.67 Mandays
Households provided employment Lakh 19.06 Households 14.67 Households
Households completed 100 days of employment No 30214 Households 9807 Households
Average no of Mandays provided per household No 45.07 days 37.06 days
Note : Inconsistency in issuance of Job cards to the Households due to the introduction of the Job card validation process.
578 This process removes the Fake/Duplicate/Ghost Job cards from the physical as well as from data base.
Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19
Table 8.25 District wise Progress Under MGNREGA 2018-19 (Up to Nov-2018)
Works(No)
Cumulative No.of
Total Cumulative Person days
Sl. HH Provided No.of Works Under
District Expenditure Generated
No Employment Under Completed Prog-
(Rs.in Lakhs) (No)
(No) Taken ress
1 Bagalkote 6721.23 1746461 47968 17769 5749 12020
2 Ballari 12230.19 3542099 89470 28685 9684 19001
3 Belagavi 25073.45 5326369 160700 93092 29505 63587
Bengaluru (Ur-
4 210.73 76012 1996 4906 523 4383
ECONOMIC TRENDS
ban)
AND PLANNING
5 Bengaluru Rural 4140.27 1057390 24392 18559 3716 14843
6 Bidar 4359.12 1074596 31233 26424 5278 21146
7 Chamarajanagara 4912.34 1200425 34031 24978 6169 18809
8 Chikkaballapura 6444.1 1400007 36720 29495 7539 21956
9 Chikkamagaluru 5364.5 1235733 34352 21893 5777 16116
10 Chitradurga 16226.42 2780926 70206 41818 8960 32858
Dakshina kan-
11 3535.46 743700 18964 26312 6992 19320
nada
12 Davanagere 12379.03 2432933 54237 29678 9573 20105
13 Dharwad 3842.62 810555 27408 23697 7249 16448
14 Gadag 7299.05 1464741 42048 26070 7538 18532
15 Hassan 15191.84 3061403 74961 55288 13056 42232
16 Haveri 9232.66 1941917 52604 34329 6416 27913
17 Kalaburagi 4088.89 1083916 39886 23966 3880 20086
18 Kodagu 906.25 235732 6429 4804 1185 3619
19 Kolar 9658.26 2082858 52732 37154 9503 27651
20 Koppal 9859.59 2126893 54190 26351 8390 17961
21 Mandya 6009.09 1508441 50653 39640 11108 28532
22 Mysuru 6921.83 1596687 44752 47989 14527 33462
23 Raichur 19822.52 6269073 126397 34513 7715 26798
24 Ramanagara 11479.25 1940506 46836 52588 21112 31476
25 Shivamogga 6034.81 1460822 62637 28438 7352 21086
26 Tumakuru 14507.52 2833864 73392 61226 19748 41478
27 Udupi 883.8 227671 7568 10904 2928 7976
28 Uttara kannada 2841.5 677456 25525 18656 4667 13989
29 Vijaypura 7130.03 1260788 38260 32180 5566 26614
30 Yadgir 4543.22 1166239 36566 18604 3910 14694
All District Total 241849.57 54366213 1467113 940006 255315 684691
State Fund 663.41
Grand Total of State 242512.98 54366213 1467113 940006 255315 684691
579
Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19
NITI Aayog Minister on 8 February 2015.
The NITI Aayog (Hindi for Policy Commission) Finance Minister made the following observation
(abbreviation for NITI is National Institution for on the necessity of creating NITI Aayog. “The
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
Transforming India) is a policy think tank of the 65 year-old Planning Commission had become
Government of India, established with the aim to a redundant organisation. It was relevant in a
achieve sustainable development goals with co- command economy structure, but not any longer.
operative federalism by fostering the involvement of ,QGLD LV D GLYHUVLÀHG FRXQWU\ DQG LWV VWDWHV DUH
State Governments of India in the economic Policy- in various phases of economic development
making process using a bottom-up approach. Its along with their own strengths and weaknesses.
initiatives include “15 year road map”, “7-year ,Q WKLV FRQWH[W D ¶RQH VL]H ÀWV DOO· DSSURDFK WR
vision, strategy and action plan”, AMRUT, Digital economic planning is obsolete. It cannot make
India, Atal Innovation Mission, Medical Education India competitive in today’s global economy.”(2) It
Reform, agriculture reforms (Model Land Leasing is a reformation schemes of day-to-day lifestyles
Law, Reforms of the Agricultural Produce of the people of India.
Marketing Committee Act, Agricultural Marketing
Objectives
and Farmer Friendly Reforms Index for ranking
1. To evolve a shared vision of national develop-
states). Indices Measuring States’ Performance
ment priorities, sectors and strategies with the
in Health, Education and water Management,
active involvement of States in the light of na-
Sub-Group of Chief Ministers on Rationalization
tional objectives.
of Centrally Sponsored Schemes, Sub-Group of
Chief Ministers on Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, Sub- 2. To foster cooperative federalism through
Group of Chief Misters on skill Development, structured support initiatives and mechanisms
Task Forces on Agriculture and up of Poverty, and with the States on a continuous basis,
Transforming India Lecture Series.(1) recognizing that strong States make a strong
nation.
It was established in 2015, by the NDA
3. To develop mechanisms to formulate credible
government, to replace the Planning Commission
plans at the village level and aggregate these
which followed a top-down model. The NITI Aayog
progressively at higher levels of government.
council comprises of all the state Chief Ministers,
along with the Chief Ministers of Delhi and 7RHQVXUHRQDUHDVWKDWDUHVSHFLÀFDOO\UHIHUUHG
Puducherry, the Lieutenant Governor of Andaman to it, that the interests of national security are
and Nicobar, and a vice chairman nominated incorporated in economic strategy and policy.
by the Prime Minister. In addition, temporary 5. To pay special attention to the sections of our
members are selected from leading universities VRFLHW\ WKDW PD\ EH DW ULVN RI QRW EHQHÀWLQJ
and research institutions. These members include adequately from economic progress.
DFKLHIH[HFXWLYHRIÀFHUIRXUH[RIÀFLDOPHPEHUV
6. To design strategic and long term policy and
and two part-time members. It doubled the
programme frameworks and initiatives, and
FXUUHQWJURZWKGHYHORSLQJVHOIVXIÀFLHQWFOXVWHU
PRQLWRU WKHLU SURJUHVV DQG WKHLU HIÀFDF\
target growth of 8.5 per cent.
The lessons learnt through monitoring and
On 29th May 2014, the Independent Evaluation feedback will be used for making innovative
2IÀFH VXEPLWWHG DQ DVVHVVPHQW UHSRUW WR 3ULPH improvements, including necessary mid-
Minister with the recommendation to replace the course corrections.
Planning Commission with a “control commission”. 7. To provide advice and encourage partnerships
On 13 August 2014, the Union Cabinet scrapped between key stakeholders and national and
the Planning Commission, to be replaced with a international like minded Think tanks, as
diluted version of the National Advisory Council well as educational and policy research
(NAC) of India. On 1st January 2015 a Cabinet institutions.
resolution was passed to replace the Planning
8. To create a knowledge, innovation and
Commission with the newly formed NITI Aayog
entrepreneurial support system through a
(National Institution for Transforming India).
collaborative community of national and
The Union Government of India announced the
international experts, practitioners and other
formation of NITI Aayog on 1st January 2015. The
580 partners.
ÀUVWPHHWing of NITI Aayog was chaired by Prime
9. To offer a platform for resolution of inter- ´$UWLÀcal intelligence, machine learning, Internet
sectoral and inter departmental issues in of Things, blockchain and big data hold potential
order to accelerate the implementation of the to take India to new heights” (https://gadgets.
development agenda. ndtv.com/internet/news/pm-modi-says-ai-block
chain-will-change-the-nature-of-jobs-1931108)
10. To maintain a state-of-the-art Resource
the Prime Minister said at the world economic
Centre, be a repository of research on good
forum. The vision is to link India Chain with
governance and best practices in sustainable
India Stack, the digital infrastructure that forms
and equitable development as well as help
the backbone of the Aadhar project. The NITI
their dissemination to the stake-holders.
Aayog initiative on the blockchain system will
11. To actively monitor the evaluate the enforce contracts quicker, prevent fraudulent
ECONOMIC TRENDS
implementation of programmes and initiatives, transactions, and help farmers through the
AND PLANNING
LQFOXGLQJ WKH LGHQWLÀFDWLRQ RI WKH QHHGHG HIÀFLHQWGLVEXUVHPHQWRIVXEVLGLHV7KLVSURMHFWLV
resources so as to strengthen the probability WKHÀUVWVWHSWRDODUJHUV\VWHPRIUHFRUGNHHSLQJ
of success and scope of delivery. and public good disbursement.
12. To focus on technology up-gradation and Members
capacity building for implementation of x The NITI Aayog comprises the following:
programmes and initiatives.
x The Prime Minister as the Chairperson.
13.To undertake other activities as may be
x A Governing Council composed of Chief
necessary in order to further the execution
Ministers of all the States and Union
of the national development agenda, and the
territories with Legislatures and lieutenant
objectives mentioned above.
governors of Union Territories (except Delhi
NITI Lectures and Pondicherry)
NITI Aayog has stated a new initiative on the x Regional Councils composed of Chief
advice of Prime Minister called NITI Lectures: Ministers of States and Lt. Governors of Union
Transforming India. The aim of this initiative is 7HUULWRULHV LQ WKH UHJLRQ RI DGGUHVV VSHFLÀF
to invite globally reputed policy makers, experts, issues and contingencies impacting more
administrators to India to share their knowledge, than one state or a region.
expertise, experience to policy making and good x Full-time organizational framework composed
governance with Indian counter parts. This RID9LFH&KDLUSHUVRQÀYHIXOOWLPHPHPEHUV
initiative will be a series of lectures started with two part-time members (from leading
ÀUVWOHFWXUHGHOLYHUHGE\'HSXW\3ULPH0LQLVWHURI universities, research organizations and other
Singapore. He delivered lecture on subject called UHOHYDQWLQVWLWXWLRQVLQDQH[RIÀFLRFDSDFLW\
“India and the Global Economy” at Vigyan Bhavan, IRXUH[RIÀFLRPHPEHUVRIWKH8QLRQ&RXQFLO
New Delhi. The Prime Minister spoke about the RI 0LQLVWHUV D &KLHI ([HFXWLYH 2IÀFHU ZLWK
idea behind this lecture series and stated that the rank of Secretary to the Government of
his vision for India is rapid transformation, not India) who looks after administration, and a
gradual evolution. secretariat,
On 31st August 2017, NITI Aayog developed a ([SHUWVDQGVSHFLDOLVWVLQYDULRXVÀHOGV
State Statistics Handbook that consolidates key With the Prime Minister as the Chairperson,
statics across sectors for every India State/UT. presently NITI Aayog consists) of:
While the State data on crucial indicators is cur-
rently fragmented across different sources, this x Vice Chairperson: Rajiv Kumar
handbook provides a one-stop database of im- x ([2IÀFLR 0HPEHUV: Amitshah, Rajnath
portant State statistics.(5) Singh, Nirmala Sitaraman and Narendra
Initiatives Singh Tomar
NITI Aayog has taken initiative on Blockchain x Special Invitees: Nitin Gadkari, Piyush
usages in E-governance and has conceptualized Goyal, Thawar Chand Gehlot and Rao Inderjit
the tech stack as ‘India Chain’. India Chain is Singh
the name given Niti Aayog’s ambitious project
to develop a nation-wide blockchain network. x Full-time Members: V.K.Saraswat (former 581
DRDO chief), Ramesh Chand (Agriculture Expert) and Dr.Vinod Paul (Public Health expert)
x &KLHI([HFXWLYH2IÀFHU (CEO): Amitabh Kant
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
x Governing Council: All Chief Ministers of States (and Delhi and Puducherry), Lieutenant Governor
of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and Special Invites.
Table 8.26 Developmental and Non-Developmental Expenditure, Karnataka 2016-17 to
2018-19 Revenue, Capital and Loans
(Rs. crore)
2016-17 (Accounts)
Category of Expenditure
Revenue Capital Loan Total
I. Developmental Expenditure (A+B) 94970.61 27090.04 1928.72 123989.37
A. Economic Services of which 40421.37 20193.20 255.05 60869.62
1 Agriculture & Allied Services 11976.46 1440.50 48.70 13465.66
2 Rural Development 5546.74 5546.74
3 Special Area Programmes 456.57 456.57
4 ,UULJDWLRQ ÁRRG FRQWURO 3RZHU Development 10825.92 9496.28 55.08 20377.28
5 Industries & Minerals 1313.61 352.09 149.27 1814.98
6 Transport & Communication 4844.18 7623.61 12467.79
7 Science and Technology 78.83 78.83
8 General Economic Services 5379.07 1280.72 2.00 6661.78
B. Social Services of which 54549.24 6896.84 1673.67 63119.75
1 Education, Sports, Art & Culture 20084.05 1108.46 21192.51
2 Health and Water Supply 10462.79 1171.98 306.57 11941.34
3 Housing and Urban Development 6165.31 2129.57 1357.10 9651.98
4 Information and Publicity 134.05 18.51 152.56
Social Security & Welfare including SCs, STs &
5 12555.51 2372.80 14928.31
OBCs
6 Labour & Employment 496.01 496.01
7 Nutrition 1396.39 1396.39
8 Natural calamities 3037.26 3037.26
9 Other social services 184.87 95.52 10.00 290.39
10 Sec. Social Services 33.00 33.00
II. Non-Developmental Expenditure (a+b+c) 36950.14 1060.39 7425.90 45436.42
a. Revenue Expenditure under General Services 31264.55 31264.55
i) Organs of the State 1020.93 1020.93
ii) Fiscal Services 1000.50 1000.50
iii) Interest Payment & Servicing of Debts 12032.76 12032.76
iv) Administrative Services 5816.07 5816.07
v) Pension & Miscellaneous General Services 11394.29 11394.29
b. Devolution to ULBs 5685.58 5685.58
c. Capital Expenditure 1060.39 7425.90 8486.29
i) General Services 1060.39 1060.39
ii) Discharge of Internal Debt (Net) 2312.66 2312.66
iii) Repayment of loans to Government of India 1126.54 1126.54
iv) Loans and Advance to Govt. Servant & Miscella-
5.66 5.66
neous loans
v) Market borrowings and ways & means advances
3981.04 3981.04
from RBI
Consolidated Fund of Expenditure : (I + II) 131920.75575 28150.43 9354.62 169425.80
Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19 A-21
582
Table 8.26 (Contd..)
2017-18 (RE)
Category of Expenditure
Revenue Capital Loan Total
I. Developmental Expenditure (A+B) 102485.80 30138.68 4610.57 137235.05
A. Economic Services of which 44577.16 21816.52 3434.29 69827.98
1 Agriculture & Allied Services 15001.36 1271.27 3005.00 19277.62
2 Rural Development 6399.20 6399.20
3 Special Area Programmes 507.99 507.99
ECONOMIC TRENDS
4 Irrigation & Flood Control & Power Development 11414.25 11519.34 22933.59
AND PLANNING
5 Industries & Minerals 1434.52 899.76 427.29 2761.57
6 Transport & Communication 4546.02 7751.78 12297.80
7 Science and Technology 101.29 101.29
8 General Economic Services 5172.53 374.38 2.00 5548.91
B. Social Services of which 57908.64 8322.15 1176.28 67407.08
1 Education, Sports, Art & Culture 19227.68 1141.97 20369.65
2 Health and Water Supply 11340.19 1714.07 340.00 13394.26
3 Housing and Urban Development 7275.09 2019.92 826.28 10121.29
4 Information and Publicity 371.44 75.39 446.83
5 Social Security & Welfare including SCs, STs & OBCs 15325.67 3280.38 10.00 18616.05
6 Labour & Employment 919.61 919.61
7 Nutrition 1574.93 1574.93
8 Natural Calamities 1458.72 1458.72
9 Other Social Services 378.18 90.42 468.60
10 Sec. Social Services 37.13 37.13
II. Non-Developmental Expenditure (a+b+c) 43163.26 1091.98 8188.85 52444.09
a. Revenue Expenditure under General Services 36031.59 36031.59
i) Organs of the State 1296.56 1296.56
ii) Fiscal Services 1460.26 1460.26
iii) Interest Payment & Servicing of Debts 14517.79 14517.79
iv) Administrative Services 6559.60 6559.60
v) Pension & Miscellaneous General Services 12197.37 12197.37
b. Devolution to ULBs 7131.67 7131.67
c. Capital Expenditure 1091.98 8188.85 9280.83
i) General Services 1091.98 1091.98
ii) Discharge of Internal Debt (Net) 2342.26 2342.26
iii) Repayment of loans to Government of India 1083.22 1083.22
iv) Loans and Advance to Govt. Servant & Miscella-
13.20 13.20
neous loans
v) Market borrowings and ways & means advances
4750.17 4750.17
from RBI
Consolidated Fund of Expenditure : (I +II ) 145649.07 31230.66 12799.42 189679.15
583
Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19
Table 8.26 (Contd..)
2018-19 (BE)
Category of Expenditure
KARNATAKA
Revenue Capital Loan Total
HAND BOOK OF
I. Developmental Expenditure (A+B) 114378.05 34405.78 5772.91 154556.74
A. Economic Services of which 44151.81 24510.81 4444.67 73107.29
1 Agriculture & Allied Services 16109.15 1837.99 4054.56 22001.70
2 Rural Development 6903.32 6903.32
3 Special Area Programmes 306.48 306.48
4 Irrigation & Flood Control & Power Development 12384.83 12875.02 25259.85
5 Industries & Minerals 1227.32 1253.36 389.61 2870.29
6 Transport & Communication 3548.08 7925.01
7 Science and Technology 88.23 88.23
8 General Economic Services 3584.40 619.43 0.50 4204.33
B. Social Services of which 70226.24 9894.97 1328.24 81449.45
1 Education, Sports, Art & Culture 25264.81 1201.36 26466.17
2 Health and Water Supply 12109.35 2833.31 350.00 15292.66
3 Housing and Urban Development 5995.32 2576.61 973.24 9545.17
4 Information and Publicity 197.97 87.30 285.27
5 Social Security & Welfare including SCs, STs & OBCs 23107.96 3145.88 5.00 26258.84
6 Labour & Employment 608.51 608.51
7 Nutrition 2156.05 2156.05
8 Natural Calamities 585.38 585.38
9 Other Social Services 164.08 50.51 214.59
10 Sec. Social Services 36.81 36.81
II. Non-Developmental Expenditure (a+b+c) 51911.55 840.14 11179.69 63931.38
a. Revenue Expenditure under General Services 45744.34 45744.34
i) Organs of the State 2084.57 2084.57
ii) Fiscal Services 1311.10 1311.10
iii) Interest Payment & Servicing of Debts 16558.58 16558.58
iv) Administrative Services 7853.86 7853.86
v) Pension & Miscellaneous General Services 17936.23 17936.23
b. Devolution of ULBs 6167.21 6167.21
c. Capital Expenditure 840.14 11179.69 12019.83
i) General Services 840.14 840.14
ii) Discharge of Internal Debt (Net) 2324.24 2324.24
iii) Repayment of loans to Government of India 1394.43 1394.43
iv) Loans and Advance to Govt. Servant & Miscella-
43.85 43.85
neous loans
v) Market borrowings and ways & means advances
7417.17 7417.17
from RBI
Consolidated Fund of Expenditure : (I + II) 166289.60 35245.922 16952.600 218488.12
Source : 1. Annual Financial Statement 2018-19 (July), Finance Department,GoK2. Volume I of Budget Documents 2018-19 (July), Finance
584 Department GoK.
OOOO
Chapter IX
ADMINISTRATION
M any of our administrative institutions
were the legacy of the administrative
arrangements that existed in the past. The text
were also continued. The old Mysuru area, which
was under the Wodeyars, came under the British
FRPPLVVLRQHU·V UXOH LQ 'XULQJ WKLV SHULRG
on Hindu polity like Manusmriti, Arthashastra WKH%ULWLVKV\VWHPRIDGPLQLVWUDWLRQ
and Kamandaka’s Nitishastra GLG LQÁXHQFH ZDVJUDGXDOO\LQWURGXFHGDQGLQWKH6WDWH
administration in Karnataka as elsewhere in was restored to Mysuru Wodeyars.
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Mulgunda RU Honnathi RU Kolanur RU
of Bengaluru Rural District in the same year the
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ADMINISTRATION
of villages comprised in the respective Nadus. RI VXEGLYLVLRQV DQG 7DOXNV UHPDLQHG WKH VDPH
7KHUH ZHUH ELJJHU XQLWV OLNH Nagarakhanda Bengaluru Rural, Chikkamagaluru, Chitradurga,
Hangal DQG GLVWULFWV OLNH Belvola +DVVDQ .RODU 0\VXUX 0DQG\D 6KLYDPRJJD
Terachuvadi Kuhundi EXW SURYLQFHV and Tumakuru constitute the old Mysuru state as
like Banavasi LQGLFDWHG WKDW LW KDG LWH[LVWHGIURP WR 7KHSUHVHQW%DOODUL
districts. Likewise, Nolavambadi KDG district was transferred to Mysuru from Madras
and Gangavadi KDG GLVWULFWV VWDWHLQ2FWREHU E\ZKLFKWLPHWKHSULQFHO\
During the ancient period when kings VWDWHRI6DQGXUZDVDOUHDG\PHUJHGLQWKHGLVWULFW
ruled the land, the kingdom was divided into Kodagu district as it exists now was a group C
Maharashtrakas (zones) and Rashtras or Deshas state. The present Dakshina Kannada district was
or Mandalas or provinces. Under these provinces SDUWRI0DGUDV3UHVLGHQF\WLOO DVDOVR
were several districts called Nadu or Vishaya and .ROOHJDO 7DOXN RI &RLPEDWRUH GLVWULFW ZKLFK ZDV
HDFK GLVWULFW KDG D FHUWDLQ QXPEHU RI YLOODJHV included in Mysuru District. The present districts
or ‘gramas’ attached to them. Every province of Belagavi, Vijayapura, Bagalkot, Dharwad,
Haveri, Gadag and Uttara Kannada districts
had a Viceroy or Governor to administer it apart
ZHUH LQ %RPED\ VWDWH 7KH ZKROH RU SRUWLRQV RI
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former princely state viz. Ramdurg, Jhamkhandi,
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Patela or Gouda (evolved from gramakuta) a village
are found interspersed in the present Belagavi,
headman who did police duties also. Revenue
Vijayapura, Bagalakote, Gadag, Haveri and
UHFRUGV ZHUH PDLQWDLQHG E\ WKH Shanbhogs
Dharwad districts.
or Senobhova or Kulkarni (Karnik or clerk) as
mentioned in many inscriptions. Revenue records Earlier the present districts of Vijayapura,
were called KadatasDQGRIÀFHULQFKDUJHRILWDV Bagalakote, Belagavi, Dharwad, Gadag, Haveri
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village headman had under him the totis, talaris, GLYLVLRQ 7KH GLVWULFWV RI .DODEXUDJL %LGDU DQG
sanadis or ugranis who were the village militia. 5DLFKXU ZHUH LQ WKH IRUPHU +\GHUDEDG VWDWH
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0DQG\D 6KLYDPRJJD +DVVDQ &KLNNDPDJDOXUX EHHQ DEROLVKHG 6XEVHTXHQWO\ WKH .DUQDWDND
and Mysuru were included. Kollegal taluk from Government at its meeting of tKH&DELQHW0LQLVWHUV
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district. Bengaluru division has Bengaluru, RIÀFHV RI WKH 5HJLRQDO &RPPLVVLRQHUV RQH HDFK
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Commissioners in addition to their duties of the
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Revenue Department should also perform the
experienced administrative changes necessitated
duties of supervising developmental activities. In
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these states which were dealing exclusively with
and order through the Executive Magisterial
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1R 5' %KXGDSX S %HQJDOXUX tasks assigned to the department under the Land
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RI GLVWULFWV LQFUHDVHG WR /DWHU GXULQJ ODQG UHFRUGV DQG XQGHUWDNLQJ ODQG VXUYH\V
Collection of revenue like land revenue, water taxes
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and recovery of loans given under Government
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and safeguarding the natural resources of the
Later, the recommendations of the Karnataka Government like Gramathana, Grazing lands,
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of Hindu religious endowments. WKH UHFRPPHQGDWLRQ PDGH E\ WKH 0\VXUX
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endowments and administering the same. It is done
and introduced uniformity in administration.
through the Hindu Religious and Endowments
Department. There is a separate Muzarai Minister The district administration is evolved into a
for the same. FOHDU HVWDEOLVKPHQW FRQIRUPLQJ WR WKH SXUSRVH
and apparatus of Government in the district.
Legal Administration (List of Acts)
The purpose is three-fold, i.e., maintenance of
The district is the principal unit for
law and order, revenue administration, and the
administrative purposes. The head of the district,
development activities of the economic and social
or the Deputy Commissioner passes orders on
advancement of the people of the district.
most of the matters relating to the collection of
land revenue and administration of land. The 8QGHU $UWLFOH RI WKH &RQVWLWXWLRQ RI ,QGLD
ADMINISTRATION
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LV WKH 7DOXN RU 7DKVLO ,Q EHWZHHQ WKH YLOODJHV Governor. He is the constitutional head of the
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known as the Revenues who supervises the work QDPHDQGLVDSSRLQWHGIRUDSHULRGRIÀYH\HDUV
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under his charge. His unit of jurisdiction is called of all executive authority, he seldom exercises
D +REOL RU 5HYHQXH &LUFOH ,Q EHWZHHQ WKH 7DOXN his authority directly except under extraordinary
DQG WKH 9LOODJH 2IÀFH LV WKH 1DGD .DFKHUL IRU D circumstances. In practice the council of ministers
circle. They were introduced on an experimental exercises all the executive powers of the state. The
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RQH PRUH WDOXN FUHDWHG GXULQJ LH .LWWXU secretary.
Taluk of Belagavi District. One more circle in
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community.
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Commissioner who is the appellate authority as RIRIÀFHRIDPHPEHUHOHFWHGWRWKHFRXQFLOLVVL[
ZHOODVVXSHUYLVRU\RIÀFHULQUHVSHFWRIWKH7DOXNV \HDUV 7KH FRXQFLO KDV PHPEHUV RI ZKLFK
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for matters connected with land revenue is the /RFDO %RGLHV E\ 5HJLVWHUHG *UDGXDWHV E\
Divisional Commissioner. 5HJLVWHUHG 7HDFKHUV DQG QRPLQDWHG E\ WKH
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while the Council elects the Chairman. The Chief
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and at the district level. The areas which The Constitution also provides for a Council of
ministers with the Chief Minister as the head to 7KH *RYHUQPHQW KDV HVWDEOLVKHG 7UDLQLQJ
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The Council of Ministers which is collectively imparts training to the staff of different categories
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guiding, directing, controlling and co-ordinating LQ DOO WKH *RYHUQPHQW RIÀFHV H[FHSW LQ
WKH DFWLYLWLHV RI RWKHU PLQLVWHUV +H FRPELQHV correspondence with the Central Government,
in himself the roles of the leader of the party, RWKHU 6WDWH *RYHUQPHQW RIÀFHV DQG FRXUWV
the leader of the House and the leader of the 6HYHUDOVWHSVKDYHDOVREHHQWDNHQWRPRGHUQLVH
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the administrative services. He, together with the of computers in some departments in technical
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him in effectively discharging the administrative &RPSXWHU &HQWUH DQG WKH 1DWLRQDO ,QIRUPDWLFV
UHVSRQVLELOLWLHV Centre, Bengaluru.
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7KH ([HFXWLYH +HDG RI WKH GHSDUWPHQW 7KH former minister Haranahalli Ramaswamy as its
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provides advice, and the Executive head will LWV ,QWHULP 5HSRUW RQ -DQXDU\ 7KH 6WDWH
implement the decisions. Two major functionaries *RYHUQPHQWKDVVWDUWHGVXLWDEOHLPSOHPHQWDWLRQ
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the country in the wake of independence had three
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to Government who in turn have under them
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is the ryotwari system wherein each landowner
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deals directly with the Government. Revenue
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records show the extent of land held and the
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hereditary Shanbhogues, and they are in-charge of seniority eliminating preferential treatment
of revenue records of their respective villages and discretionary powers of the civil servants.
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Karnataka to digitize the land records and create change in the way land records are maintained
a software mechanism to control changes to and administered in the state. The system has not
the land registry in Karnataka. The project was RQO\VLPSOLÀHGWKHSURFHVVRIUHFRUGNHHSLQJEXW
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is the project of on-line delivery and maintenance to set up the village – level Kiosk to download the
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scheme, designed to simplify the process of
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1 P.V. Rao ICS 01.11.1956 06.01.1960
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2 N.S. Hirannayya IAS 06.01.1960 18.11.1960
3 R.J. Rebello IAS 18.11.1960 13.11.1962
policing. During the rule of Maharajas of Mysuru,
4 K.Narayanaswamy IAS 13.11.1962 01.05.1963 the policing existed in different variants.
5 K.Balachandran ICS 01.05.1963 18.03.1967
6 K. Narayanaswamy IAS 18.03.1967 25.08.1968
Kandachara or Hukumna : Hukumna or
7 R.N. Vasudeva IAS 25.08.1968 07.02.1971 Kandachara was issued for policing during
8 R.J. Rebello IAS 07.02.1971 01.06.1974 the rule of Maharaja Mummudi Krishna Raja
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9 G.V.K. Rao IAS 01.06.1974 19.07.1977
10 K. Narasimha Rao IAS 19.07.1977 28.02.1982
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11 R.A. Naik IAS 28.02.1982 30.09.1983
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12 T.R. Satish Chandran IAS 30.09.1983 31.10.1987
13 A.B. Datar IAS 31.101987 30.09.1989
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14 K.S.N. Murthy IAS 30.09.1989 31.05.1990 ZKLFK (XURSHDQ VROGLHUV VXSHUYLVHG $PDOGKDUV
15 M. Shankaranarayana IAS 31.05.1990 04.01.1991 QRZ7HKDVLOGKDUV WKHUHYHQXHRIÀFHUVZHUH7DOXN
16 N.K. Prabhakar Rao IAS 04.01.1991 31.10.1991 3ROLFH &KLHIV 7KH\ ZHUH DVVLVWHG E\ )DXMLGKDUV
17 T.P. Issar IAS 31.10.1991 28.08.1992
who also collected taxes from peasants. Police
18 J. Alexander IAS 28.08.1992 30.11.1992
system worked in various names such as Talwars,
19 J.C. Lynn IAS 30.11.1992 31.12.1994
20 S.B. Muddappa IAS 31.12.1994 30.12.1995 7KRWLJDUV DQG .DYDOJDUV /DWHU LQ DV SHU
21 Cecil Noronha IAS 30.12.1995 31.08.1996 Bengal regulation model law was enforced,
22 B.R. Prabhakar IAS 31.08.1996 31.07.1997 3DWHOV6K\DQXEKRJDVZHUHHQWUXVWHGZLWKSROLFH
23 B.K. Bhattacharya IAS 31.07.1997 31.12.2000 UHVSRQVLELOLWLHV 7KH\ ZHUH QHLWKHU SDLG JUDQWHG
24 Teresa Bhattacharya IAS 31.12.2000 30.03.2002
leave or vehicles were provided to them. Instead
25 Dr. A. Ravindra IAS 30.03.2002 30.12.2002
26 B.S. Patil IAS 30.12.2002 31.01.2004
Maharaja gave them Inam (Bhakshis) in the form
27 K.K. Mishra IAS 31.01.2004 30.07.2005 of lands or food grains.
28 B.K. Das IAS 30.07.2005 30.09.2006
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29 Malati Das IAS 30.09.2006 31.12.2006
30 Prahlad B. Mahishi IAS 31.12.2006 07.02.2008 FRXQWU\ :KHQ /RUG &XEERQ ZDV SRVWHG DV
31 Sudhakar Rao IAS 07.02.2008 30.09.2009 Commissioner, there were 8 districts divided into
32 S.V. Ranganath IAS 30.09.2009 31.10.2013 GLYLVLRQVHDFKGLVWULFWKHDGHGE\WKH0DJLVWUDWH
33 Kaushik Mukherjee IAS 01.11.2013 31.12.2015 'LVWULFW &ROOHFWRU DQG 6XSHULQWHQGHQWV ZHUH
34 Arvind Jadhav IAS 31.12.2015 30.09.2016 posted. Both had no formal training. The District
35 Subhash Chandra Khuntia IAS 01.10.2016 30.11.2017 0DJLVWUDWHV ZHUH 3ROLFH &KLHIV DVVLVWHG E\
36 K.Ratnaprabha IAS 30.11.2017 30.06.2018 6XSHULQWHQGHQWVRI3ROLFH
37 T.M. Vijay Bhaskar IAS 30.06.2018
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Jahagirdhar, who was also in-charge of policing.
decided to encourage the staff with exemplary
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visited Vellore, studied the pattern adopted there
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years as Inspector General of Police.
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and held Home portfolio till he was in power.
property of Jahagirdhar. The system ended when
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administrative control of the police department
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596 the department are further grouped as follows: through recruitment process in the department.
Three Years Comparative Workdone Statistics on Road accidents in Karnataka
Statement of Finger Print Bureau Karnataka Fatal Non-Fa- Total
Sl.
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ADMINISTRATION
8
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presently it has eleven Battalions along with two
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the ending of the year
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Presently Police Departments Computerization is 2WKHU WKDQ .DUQDWDND 6WDWH 5HVHUYH 3ROLFH
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in the department and also development and
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information of Crimes, Criminals and provided
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under guidance of Inspector General of Police,
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Transport System : Police Department started Women Police : With the aim of social reforms,
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to more than forty. General. Each district was under the District
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Police, various schemes such as Police Housing,
under the administrative control of the District
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Police. Earlier there were village militia consisting
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of talaris and shetsanandis under the supervision
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of the Patil.
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6WDWH RI 0DGUDV DQG SDUW RI &RRUJ 6WDWH ZHUH ZHOO RUJDQLVHG SROLFH IRUFH WLOO ,Q D
LQWHJUDWHG LQWR RQH XQLW &RQVHTXHQWO\ WKH regular police force was raised and placed under
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V\VWHPV$FWV5XOHV0DQXDOVDQGHYHQXQLIRUPV ul Mohawn or Police Minister was appointed for
when it was formed. In all these spheres uniformity +\GHUDEDG6WDWH$IWHU .DODEXUDJLZDVWKH
ZDV EURXJKW DQG E\ WKH HQWLUH IRUFH ZDV GLYLVLRQDO+HDGTXDUWHUVFRPSULVLQJIRXUGLVWULFWV
UHRUJDQLVHG 7KH VWDWH HQDFWHG WKH 3ROLFH $FW LQ RI .DODEXUDJL %LGDU 5DLFKXU DQG 8VPDQDEDG
DQG EURXJKW LW LQWR IRUFH ZLWK HIIHFW IURP There were two police forces namely the Diwan’s
$SULO 7KHFLW\RI%HQJDOXUXKDVD3ROLFH SROLFH EHORQJHG WR 1L]DP·V *RYHUQPHQW DQG WKH
Commissioner as head of the city police. There -DKJLUSROLFHEHORQJHGWRLQGLYLGXDO-DKDJLUGDUV
LVD:DWHUIURQW3ROLFHIRU8WWDUD.DQQDGD 1RUWK ZKRKDGEHHQDOORZHGWRPDLQWDLQWKHLURZQSROLFH
Canara) district for patrolling through motor HVWDEOLVKPHQWVWRDGPLQLVWHUODZDQGRUGHU$IWHU
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implemented. Minor changes have taken place in
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state the Police set up were as follows.
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8PEOLGDUV $PDUJDUV +XODJDYDOV $QNDPDODV 7KH6WDWH3ROLFHFRQVLVWVRISROLFHGLVWULFWV
and Kalla Kormas who formed the militia and Police Commissioners at Bengaluru, Mysuru and
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Poornaiah in princely Mysuru. Dewan Poornaiah FLUFOHV SROLFH VWDWLRQV DQG SROLFH RXW
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police administration was under the control of FLYLO SROLFH &0 :RPHQ SROLFH
Dewans. Later a police secretary was appointed. DUPHG SROLFH ZLUHOHVV VWDII DQG
,Q WKH SRVWV RI 6XSHULQWHQGHQWV DQG $VVW .653 7KHUH DUH VL[ UDQJHV YL] &HQWUDO
6XSHULQWHQGHQWV RI 3ROLFH ZHUH PHUJHG LQ WKH Range at Bengaluru, Eastern Range at Davangere,
JHQHUDO FDGUH RI $VVLVWDQW &RPPLVVLRQHU /DWHU 1RUWKHUQ5DQJHDW.DODEXUDJL6RXWKHUQ5DQJHDW
E\ WKH3ROLFHIRUFHLQ0\VXUXFRQVLVWHGRI Mysuru and Western Range at Mangaluru.
village police and regular police.
There are Village Defence Parties to guard the
,Q0DGUDV.DUQDWDND$UHD7DODUL·V ZDWFKPHQ villages, to patrol for the purpose of preventing
LQ HDFK YLOODJH ZDV WKH DQFLHQW ´.DYDOµ ZDWFK crime to protect persons and property in the
system). Under this system Talaris were village and to assist the police when necessary.
598 VXERUGLQDWH WR .DYDOJDUV ZKR ZHUH FRQWUROOHG 7KH *RYHUQPHQW 5DLOZD\ 3ROLFH LV KHDGHG E\ D
D.I.G. of police. There are seven Railway circles, Statement Showing The Number Of Sub-
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there are Criminal Investigation Department Posts In Karnataka State As On 31-12-2016
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No. of No. of
Sl. Name of Sub of 7UDIÀF
the Civil Rights Enforcement Wing, Police Wireless No the Unit Divi Cir-
Police
Police
Out
Stations Posts
and Police Motor Transport Organisation and sions cles Stations
special unit.
Bengaluru
- 44 6
City
The Director General and Inspector General +XEEDOOL
Dharwad 4 - 4
of Police is the head of the police department City
LQ WKH VWDWH 8QGHU KLP WKHUH DUH $GGLWLRQDO Mysuru City 4 - 5
'LUHFWRUV*HQHUDORI3ROLFH(DFKRIWKH$GGLWLRQDO Mangaluru
4 - 4 -
Directors General of Police is in charge of a City
particular function like Law and Order, Crime and 5
Belagavi
4 -
City
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Total 43 - 163 59 12
.DUQDWDND 6WDWH 5HVHUYH 3ROLFH 5HFUXLWPHQW
and Training, Transport, Tele-communication Central Range :-
and Modernization and Director of Civil Rights No. of
No. of No.
No. of No. of 7UDIÀF
Sl. Name of the Sub of
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Cir- Police Police
Out
cles Stations Sta-
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The Commissioner, Bengaluru City, is of the sions
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4 8 4
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Mysuru City are of the rank of Inspector General Kolar 5 7
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of Police there are Inspectors General of Police. 4 Tumakuru 5
6L[ ,QVSHFWRUV *HQHUDO RI 3ROLFH DUH LQ FKDUJH RI 5 Ramanagara 7
5DQJHV EHVLGHV D QXPEHU RI ,QVSHFWRUV *HQHUDO Chikka-
6. 5 8
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RI3ROLFHDUHLQFKDUJHRIVSHFLÀFIXQFWLRQV(DFK Total 17 43 123 7 37
5DQJH FRPSULVHV GLVWULFWV (DFK GLVWULFW LV
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of Police. No. of
No. of No. of No.
No. of 7UDIÀF
Sl. Name of the Sub Police of
Cir- Police
The following are the Police Ranges and the dis- No. Unit Divi- Sta- Out
cles Sta-
sion tions Posts
tions
tricts comprising each Range:-
Mysuru 7
Range Districts Mandya 4 8
Hassan 4 8
6RXWKHUQ5DQJH
Mysuru, Kodagu, Mandya, Hassan 4 Kodagu 7
Mysuru
Chamara-
5 4 7
jnagar
Chamarajanagar District is attached to Commander Task
Total 16 34 114 8 57
)RUFH00+LOOVIRUVSHFLDOUHDVRQVIRUWKHWLPHEHLQJ
Western Range, Dakshina Kannada, Uttara Kannada,
Western Range:-
No. of
Mangaluru Chikkamagaluru, Udupi No. of
No. of
No. of
7UDIÀF No. of
Sl. Name of Sub Police
Cir- Police Out
Eastern Range, &KLWUDGXUJD%DOODUL6KLYDPRJJD No. the Unit Divi- Sta-
cles Sta- Posts
sions tions
Davanagere Davanagere tions
Dakshina
Central Range, Tumakuru, Kolar, Bengaluru, Kannada 4 5
Bengaluru .*)&KLNNDEDOODSXUD5DPDQDJDUD District
Uttara Kan-
4 9
1RUWKHUQ5DQJH Belagavi, Vijayapura, Dharwad, nada
Belagavi Bagalkote, Haveri, Gadag Chikkamag-
9
aluru
1RUWK(DVWHUQ 4 Udupi 6
.DODEXUDJL%LGDU5DLFKXU.RSSDO
5DQJH.DODEXUDJL Total 12 28 88 6 26 599
Eastern Range :- +DVVDQGLVWULFW:RPHQ3ROLFH6WDWLRQ
No. of
No. of 7XPDNXUXGLVWULFW:RPHQ3ROLFH6WDWLRQ
No. of No. of 7UDIÀF No. of
Sl. Name of Police
Sub Di- Cir- Police Out
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Statistical Information Regarding Commercial Cases Pending in the
Commercial Courts as on 01.09.2019
No. of Cases No. of new cases No. of Cases Average No.
Total Cases
Sl. Pending Instituted Disposed (From of days taken
Name of the Court Pending (as on
No. (as on (from 01.08.2019 01.08.2019 to to decide the
31.08.2019)
01.08.2019) to 31.08.2019) 31.08.2019) case
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
HIGH COURT OF KARNATAKA, BENGALURU
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7 -
Division
TOTAL 11 7 17 1 25 Days
BENGALURU CITY
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sions Judge, Ballari. 0RQWKV'D\V
1 Years 10
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elected representatives. .DUQDWDND LV WKH ÀUVW VWDWH LQ WKH FRXQWU\ WR
The District Development Councils were mere HQDFW QHZ 3DQFKD\DW 5DM $FW LQFRUSRUDWLQJ DOO
DGYLVRU\ ERGLHV FRPSULVLQJ RI *RYHUQPHQW SURYLVLRQVRIrd$PHQGPHQWWRWKH&RQVWLWXWLRQ
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ZHUH QRQRIÀFLDO PHPEHUV ,Q WKH DERYH V\VWHP $FWWKHHOHFWLRQVWR*UDPD3DQFKD\DWVZHUH
most of the rural development works and schemes KHOG LQ 'HFHPEHU IRU QHDUO\ VHDWV
were channelized through Taluk Development RI ZKLFK ZHUH ZRPHQ ZKHUHDV HOHFWLRQV
Boards. Village Panchayats worked under the WR 7DOXN 3DQFKD\DWV DQG =LOOD 3DQFKD\DWV
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control of the Taluk Development Boards. ZHUH KHOG LQ 0DUFK 7KH QXPEHU RI
PHPEHUV HOHFWHG WR =LOOD 3DQFKD\DWV DQG 7DOXN
This system of Panchayat Raj Institutions 3DQFKD\DWVDUH DQGUHVSHFWLYHO\2YHU
FRQWLQXHG WLOO ,Q RUGHU WR KDYH two crore voters have exercised their franchise
decentralisation in administration, at the Mandal LQWKHVHHOHFWLRQV,Q WKHUHZHUH
levels, increased people’s participation in the *UDP3DQFKD\DWZLWKDWRWDOQXPEHURI
SURFHVVRIGHYHORSPHQWHWFWKHHDUOLHU$FWRI 7DOXN3DQFKD\DWV DQG=LOOD
ZDV UHSODFHG E\ D QHZ $FW NQRZQ DV .DUQDWDND 3DQFKD\DW LQ WKH VWDWH )LJXUHV LQ WKH
=LOOD 3DULVKDGV 7DOXN 3DQFKD\DW 6DPLWKLV EUDFNHWLQGLFDWHZRPHQPHPEHUV
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for setting up a District Planning Committee,
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come into existence.
Commission.
Karnataka Panchayat Raj Act 1993
It is reported that in these elections women
In order to further strengthen the functioning
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of Rural Panchayat Raj institutions in the state
3DQFKD\DWVDQGSHUFHQWLQ=LOOD3DQFKD\DWV
E\ GHFHQWUDOLVDWLRQ DW WKH DSSURSULDWH OHYHO DQG WKH6&DQG67FRPPXQLWLHVJHWWLQJSHUFHQWDQG
WR LPSURYH WKH TXDOLW\ RI IXQFWLRQLQJ WR SURYLGH SHUFHQWVHDWVUHVSHFWLYHO\7KHEDFNZDUGFDVWHV
VRFLDO MXVWLFH E\ PHDQV RI H[WHQGLQJ DGGLWLRQDO LQ$FDWHJRU\ZLOOJHWSHUFHQWLQERWKERGLHV7R
UHVHUYDWLRQ IDFLOLWLHV WR 6&67 FRPPXQLWLHV facilitate early elections to Gram Panchayats the
SHU FHQW ZRPHQ DQG RWKHU EDFNZDUG FODVVHV .DUQDWDND*UDP3DQFKD\DW$FW nd$PHQGPHQW
SHU FHQW HWF WKH QHZ 3DQFKD\DW 5DM $FW 2UGLQDQFH ZDV SURPXOJDWHG WR DPHQG
ZDV LQWURGXFHG 7KH 1HZ $FW DOVR FRQWHPSODWHV VHFWLRQ RIWKH$FWRQ 7KDWVWDWH
WKH UHVHUYDWLRQ RI VHDWV IRU WKH FKDLU SHUVRQV E\ *RYHUQPHQWKDVDOVRIUDPHGWKH.DUQDWDND=LOOD
rotation. 3DQFKD\DWDW EXVLQHVV 5XOHV SHUWDLQLQJWR
7KHQHZ$FWKDVFRPHLQWRIRUFHIURPth May PRQWKO\ DOORZDQFH WR PHPEHU DQQXDO JUDQW WR
*UDP3DQFKD\DWDQGFRQYHQLQJ*UDP6DEKDVLQ
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every village. To make Panchayat Raj institution
a three-tier Panchayat Raj system in the state with
PRUHDFFRXQWDEOHDQGUHVSRQVLYHJRYHUQPHQWKDV
HOHFWHG ERGLHV DW WKH 9LOODJH 7DOXN DQG 'LVWULFW
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HAND BOOK OF
KARNATAKA
Details Of Reservation in Grama Panchayat of Karnataka as on 5-6-2015.
Total Schedule Caste Schedule Tribe Backward Class (A) Backward Class (B) General Total
Num- Elect-
Total
Sl.No District ber of ed
Seats
Grama Mem-
bers Gen- Fe- Gen- Fe- Gen- Fe- Gen- Fe- To- Gen- Fe- Gen- Fe- To-
Total Total Total Total
eral male eral male eral male eral male tal eral male eral male tal
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
Chikkamag-
66 7 664 985
aluru
Dakshina
74 455 96
Kannada
Udupi 66 79 778
4 Hassan 5 558
5 Kodagu 48 58 9 46 585
6 Mandya 566 97
7 Mysuru 4744 999 455 56
Chamara-
8 569 8 47 456
janagar
9 Belagavi 8467 676 959
Vijayapura 869 8 665 87 85 848
Bagalkot 595 65 569 75
Dharwad 45 995
Gadag 78 865 878
Haveri 457 96 99
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
Uttara Kan-
78 49
nada
Bengaluru
96 47 54 677
Rural
Bengaluru
96 86 56 854
8UEDQ
Ramanagara 8 94 948
Chitradurga 476 846 68 7 876 679
Davanagere 445 59 659
Kolar 874 58 5 45 795
Chikka-
EDOODSXU
6KLYDPRJJD 588 74 86
Tumakuru 467 645 544 495 764
Bidar 469 64 7 694
Ballari 468 47 787
Raichur 68 48 857 696
.DODEXUDJL 89
Yadgir 596 49 497
Koppal 54 747
Total 5837 94344 93465 7748 11049 18797 3053 7634 10687 5138 8358 13496 1971 1296 3267 27303 19915 47218 45213 48252 93465
ADMINISTRATION
District wise Reservations of Taluk Panchayat Members As on 2015.
Sl Category Wise Reserved Seats
Districts Total Members
No
KARNATAKA
SC ST BC(A) BC(B) General
HAND BOOK OF
%HQJDOXUX 8UEDQ 4(4)
Bengaluru (Rural) 5(4)
Ramanagara 4(4)
4 Chitradurga 5(5)
5 Davanagere
6 Kolar 7(5) 9(8)
7 &KLNNDEDOODSXU
8 6KLYDPRJJD 7(7)
9 Tumakuru 8(4)
Chikkamagaluru 8(7)
Dakshina kannada 8(5) 9(4)
Udupi
Hassan 8(8)
Kodagu 6(4) 6(4) 9(6)
Mandya 7(7)
Mysuru
Chamarajanagar 89(46) 8(6)
Belagavi
Vijayapura 5(5) 8(5)
Bagalkot 9(7) 6(4)
Dharwad 7(5) 6(5) 6(4)
Gadag 5(5)
Haveri 7(4)
Uttara Kannada
Bidar 8(6)
Ballari 6(4)
Raichur 7(4)
.DODEXUDJL 8(7) 6(4)
Yadgir 94(48) 7(6)
Koppal
Source : State Election Commission.
District wise Reservations of Zilla Panchayat Members As on 2015.
Category wise reserved seats
Sl
Districts Total Members
No
SC ST BC (A) BC (B) General
%HQJDOXUX 8UEDQ 6(5)
Bengaluru (Rural) 5(6) 5(5)
Ramanagara 6(5)
4 Chitradurga 4(5)
5 Davanagere 4(4)
6 Kolar 4(5) 8(7)
7 &KLNNDEDOODSXUD 4(4) 7(7)
8 6KLYDPRJJD 8(8)
9 Tumakuru 57 6(6) 4(5)
ADMINISTRATION
Chikkamagaluru
Dakshina kannada 5(5)
Udupi 8(6)
Hassan 5(5) 4(5)
Kodagu 8(7)
Mandya 4(6)
Mysuru 49 5(5)
Chamarajanagar 6(6)
Belagavi 5(6)
Vijayapura 4(5) 4(5)
Bagalkot
Dharwad 7(5)
Gadag 5(5)
Haveri
Uttara Kannada 4(6)
Bidar 4(5) 9(8)
Ballari 4(5) 4(5)
Raichur 4(4) 4(5)
.DODEXUDJL 47 6(7)
Yadgir 7(5)
Koppal 7(8)
Source : State Election Commission.
Municipal Administration human resource policies, exercise disciplinary
7KHKLVWRU\RIXUEDQORFDOVHOIJRYHUQLQJERGLHV control over the staff of municipalities, monitor
(commonly called Municipalities) in Karnataka the tax collection of ULBs, lay down policies for
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ORFDO ERGLHV DUH DJDLQ FODVVLÀHG LQWR YDULRXV against the decisions of municipalities, release
categories like Corporations, Cities, Town the Government transfers to the ULBs, as well
Municipalities and Town Panchayats depending DV LPSOHPHQW VFKHPHV OLNH 6-65< IRU XUEDQ
upon the population. poverty alleviation), Integrated Development of
7KH 0XQLFLSDO ERGLHV DUH QRZ JRYHUQHG 6PDOO DQG 0HGLXP 7RZQV ,'607 1LUPDOD
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The Government of Karnataka has reconstituted ERWK JHQXLQH DQG VSHFLÀF SUREOHPV RI XUEDQ
the municipalities according to the 74th DGPLQLVWUDWLRQDQGXUEDQPXQLFLSDOVHUYLFHVDQG
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District Planning Committees
other criteria as Town Panchayat (Population
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provisions of District Planning Committees
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provided.
Institute is the nodal agency to educate the Gram
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0XQLFLSDOLWLHV KDYH EHHQ YHVWHG ZLWK WKH SRZHUV through satellite. The history of the Panchayat
WR OHY\ FHUWDLQ WD[HV DQG IHHV $OVR WKH 6WDWH Raj and its constitution, the rules of the Grama
Government transfers a portion of its general 3DQFKD\DWV DXGLWLQJ %XGJHW $FWLRQ SODQ
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sources of income of the municipalities are also overall development, Right to Information
GHULYHG IURP D WD[HV RQ EXLOGLQJ DQG ODQGV E and other such important matters are taught at
user charge for water supply (c) license fee for the Institute.
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fee from other trade license. The municipalities Computerization of Grama Panchayats
FDQ DOVR UDLVH ORDQV IURP &HQWUDO DQG 6WDWH The state has taken up the task of computerizing
*RYHUQPHQWV DQG )LQDQFLDO ,QVWLWXWLRQV WR PHHW all the 5,659 Grama Panchayats of the state.
expenditure under capital heads of accounts. WKHUH LV D VRIWZDUH WR OLQN WKH VXUYH\ QXPEHUV
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Government through Directorate of Municipal
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municipalities. Government directly supervises
the functioning of the Corporations. The Taluk Panchayat : There is provision to set
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IXQFWLRQ RI WKH PXQLFLSDOLWLHV ZRUN RXW VXLWDEOH provisions of the Karnataka PanchayaW 5DM $FW
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RI WKH XUEDQ DUHDV RI WKH 7DOXN 7KH 0/$·V EHLQJ DQG DOVR VDZ WKH LQWURGXFWLRQ RI SURSHUW\
and M.P’s of the respective segments are also its tax.
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Boards were merged to form the Corporation
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during the rule of the Commissioners. The same (BCC) and then to Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike
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statutory status.
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Corporations : The corporations are for the erstwhile Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike with
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than two lakhs. There were six corporations 0XQLFLSDO&RXQFLO 70& DQGYLOODJHVDURXQG
LQ YL] %HQJDOXUX +XEEDOOL'KDUZDG the city to form a single administrative area. The
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$V SHU WKH .DUQDWDND 0XQLFLSDO &RUSRUDWLRQ was renamed ‘Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara
$PHQGPHQW $FW WKH *RYHUQPHQW KDV WKH Palike’. Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike
right to nominate the Mayor, Deputy Mayor %%03 LVWKHDGPLQLVWUDWLYHERG\UHVSRQVLEOHIRU
DQG WKH IRXQGLQJ PHPEHUV 7KH PHPEHUV WR the civic and infrastructural assets of the Greater
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years. There is reservations for the scheduled
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communities.
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Legislators and M.P’s whose segments are %HQJDOXUX 0DKDQDJDUD 3DOLNH LV UXQ E\ D FLW\
partially or wholly part of the city can take part council. The city council comprises elected
in the council meetings. They do not however UHSUHVHQWDWLYHV FDOOHG ´FRUSRUDWRUVµ RQH IURP
enjoy voting rights. Mayor and Deputy Mayor each of the wards (localities) of the city. Elections
whose term is for a year are elected from amongst WRWKHFRXQFLODUHKHOGRQFHHYHU\ÀYH\HDUVZLWK
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Works committee. The mayor and the deputy WRWKHQHZO\FUHDWHGERG\ZDVKHOGRQ0DUFK
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corporations. mayor of the council are also elected for a period
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Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike : The
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history of municipal governance of Bengaluru
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candidate or to an Other Backward Class female
citizens of the city formed a Municipal Board
candidate from among the elected Councillors.
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Later, a similar Municipal Board was also formed
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in the Cantonment area of the city. The two
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City Municipality and the Bengaluru Civil and
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delivery institutions.
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with all facilities provided for their stay during the
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detaining period.
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of society, including the handicapped and the Welfare Department extensively works on
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other than Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike, City Municipal Councils, Town Municipal Councils,
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Development Cells in the state.
List of District wise Mahanagara Palike /CHC/TMC/ And TP as on 14th June 2019
1RWLÀHG$UHD
Sl. City Corpo- City Municipal Town Municipal Town Pancha- Census
District Committees
No ration (CCs) Council (CMCs) Council (TMCs) yath (TPs) Town
(NACs)
Bengaluru
+HEEDJRGL $QHNDO
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ADMINISTRATION
Bommasandra
Jigani
Chandapura
$WWLEHOH
Bengaluru Rural 'RGGDEDOODSXUD Devanahalli
Hosakote Vijayapura
1HODPDQJDOD
Ramanagara Ramanagara Magadi
Channapatna Bidadi
Kanakapura
4 Tumakuru Tumakuru Tiptur Kunigal Koratagere
Chikkanaikana-
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Madhugiri Turuvekere
Pavagada Huliyar
5 Kolar Kolar* Bangarapet
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6 &KLNNDEDOODSXU &KLNNDEDOODSXU Bagepalli *XGLEDQGH
Chinthamani
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7 Chitradurga Chitradurga* Hosadurga Holalkere
Challakere Molakalmuru
Hiriyuru 1D\DNDQDKDWWL
8 Davanagere Davanagere Harihara Channagiri Jagaluru
0DOHEHQQXUX Honnali
9 6KLYDPRJJD 6KLYDPRJJD Bhadravathi* 6KLNDULSXUD Thirthahalli
6DJDUD 6RUDED
6KLUDODNRSSD
Hosanagara
Jog Kargal
Mysuru Mysuru Hunsur .51DJDU 6DUDJXU
1DQMDQJXG Bannur
71DUDVLSXU
Piriyapatna
H.D. Kotte
Chamarajanagar Chamarajnagar Gundlupet Yalandur
Kollegal Hanur
Mandya Mandya* Maddur Bellur
Malavalli
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Pandavapura
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Hassan Hassan * Belur $UDNDODJXGX
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6DNDOHVKDSXUD
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Kodagu Madikeri Kushalanagar
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Chikkamagaluru Kadur Kudremukh
ru * japura
Birur Koppa
Tarikere 6ULQJHUL
Moodigere
Dakshina Kan-
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Udupi Udupi* Karkala 6DOLJUDPD
Kundapura
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Gokak 6DQNHVKZDU 5DLEDJ
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Number of Muncipalities And Corporations
Municipalities/Corporations
Year / District City 1RWLÀHG$UHD
City Corpo- Town Munici- Town Pancha-
Municipal Committes Total
rations pal Councils yats
Councils (NACs)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
2011-12 8 44 94 68 5 219
2012-13 8 44 94 68 5 219
2013-14 10 42 91 72 5 221
as on 14th June 2019
1. Bagalkote 5 5
2. Bengaluru (U) 5
3. Bengaluru (R)
4. Belagavi
5. Ballari 7 6
Bidar 4 7
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6.
7. Vijayapura 5 7
8. Chamarajnagar
9. &KLNNDEDOODSXU 4 6
10. Chikkamagaluru 4 8
11. Chitradurga 7
12. Dakshina Kannada 5
13. Davangere 6
14. Dharwad 6
15. Gadag 5 9
16. .DODEXUDJL 7
17. Hassan 4 8
18. Haveri 5 9
19. Kodagu 4
20. Kolar 6
21. Koppal 5 9
22. Mandya 6 8
23. Mysuru 5 9
24. Ramanagara 5
25. Raichur 5 5
26. 6KLYDPRJJD 5 9
27. Tumakuru 4 4
28. Udupi 5
29. Uttara Kannada 4 5
30. Yadagir 6
Grand Total 10 58 115 92 04 275
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to get the services in time.
prepare reports on the surveys so carried out.
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There are many departments that work under area.
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Chapter X
EDUCATION AND SPORTS
T ill the latter half of nineteenth century ancient
type of education system existed in Karnataka
Modern Education-beginning
Modern Education could be traced to the
establishment of modern type schools in different
in the form of Agraharas, Shivpuris, Brahmapuris,
Ghatikasthanas and mutts etc. They were almost SDUWVRISUHVHQW.DUQDWDNDLQWKHÀUVWKDOIRI WK
of residential type, with close teacher-pupil century. The main schools then established were
relationship. At Agraharas and brahmapuris as follows: 1) In 1826-Two Marathi vernacular
scholars lived in colonies.They used to teach schools were established as one in each of Dharwad
higher traditional texts like Upanishads and and Hubballi towns which then belonged to the
ancient philosophies. Separate arrangement was then Bombay state. These were started by Bombay
there to teach reading, writing and mathematics. Native School and School Book Society, 2) In 1833-
Ghatikasthanas were like present universities where Mysuru rulers started one ‘Free English School’ for
higher education was provided by highly learned public, at Mysuru, 3) In 1838- Schools were started
acharyas. in Mangaluru, Udupi and Ballari, 4) In1853- Dar-
ul-Uloom school was started at Kalaburagi (Which
However, as British rule took hold of India, ‘School then belonged to Hyderabad state) by Nizam, Sir
system’ in education replaced the traditional 6DODUMXQJDQG ,Q*RYHUQPHQWVWDUWHGWZR
system. That was a gradual shift. English language $QJOR9HUQDFXODU VFKRROV DW 0DGLNHUL DQG 9LUDMSHW
teaching commenced and people were also and a Kannada School at Ponnampet.
attracted towards is as it was practically more
Christian missionaries zealously worked in
EHQHÀFLDO WKDQ OHDUQLQJ RULHQWDO VXEMHFWV %XW
spreading education in the State during 19th
even though Ghatikasthanas and Brahmapuris
&HQWXU\%XWODWHULQWKHÀUVWKDOIRIth century,
vanished, Coolimathas continued to exist, where a
native enthusiasts took leading role in establishing
single educated person used to stay in a temple or
educational institutions in State. It was then
in a rich man’s house and teach a cluster of children
WKRXJKW DV D ÀHOG WR VHUYH WKH QDWLRQ %XW WKH
whom he could get in the vicinity. Parents of those
syllabus and curriculum in different parts of the
children used to provide him with necessary food,
State prior to integration of Karnataka varied with
shelter and some money for his expenses. Salary
one another as they belonged earlier to erstwhile
was an unknown term even then. Such Coolim at
princely states. To remove this haphazardness one
has existed even in 1920s. Later,they diminished
committee viz., ‘Education Integration Advisory
fast with the opening of many primary schools and
Committee’ was appointed in 1956. It designed a
WKRVHSHRSOHJRW*RYHUQPHQWMREVDVWHDFKHUV uniform pattern of education for the whole State.
Those were the days when Educational psychology Literacy in Karnataka
was unknown to many. Learning by heart was the A review of growth of literacy during the 2001-
main method of learning. Corporal punishment was 2011 decade shows that Karnataka has achieved
given to mischievous students and slow learners. VLJQLÀFDQW SURJUHVV 7KH OLWHUDF\ UDWH LQ WKH 6WDWH
Learning of vocational skills like smithy, tailoring, during 2001 was 66.64 percent,which increased to
hair-dressing, catering was largely by heredity. 75.36 per cent in 2011. Karnataka’s overall literacy
Shanubhogs (Kulkarnis- as they were called in rate, male and female literacy rates are above the
northern part of Karnataka) and Patels (Patil) national average. Urban male literacy rate in the
ZHUHWKHYLOODJHRIÀFHUVZKRXVHGWRFROOHFWODQG State has crossed 90 perc ent. However, rural
revenue and looking after law and order situation female literacy rate in the State is yet to cross 60
in villages. These posts were also hereditary till per cent. The literacy rank of the State was 9th
1960. They used to get a small part of revenue as DPRQJ PDMRU 6WDWHV 6WDWHV ZLWK D SRSXODWLRQ
remuneration. 649
of more than 100 lakh) during 2001 and the same
position is maintained in 2011. The over all and sleep as they like. Play materials are kept.
increase in literacy rate in the State during this Parents will keep the child’s lunch box with
decade is 9 per cent. Districts like Kalaburagi some eatables for the child in teacher’s custody
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
(undivided), Bengaluru Rural, Bagalkot, Raichur, and the teacher will feed the child whenever it
.RODU &KDPDUDMDQDJDU 9LMD\DSXUD DQG %LGDU wants. Some songs may be taught to the child
with a lower literacy rate in 2001 have crossed at this level. These classes will run usually from
the State average literacy rate in 2011. This is 10 a.m. to 1 p.m.L.K.G. and U.K.G. classes have
attributed to literacy programmes implemented D XQLIRUP V\OODEXV ,GHQWLÀFDWLRQ RI FRORXUV
by the Department of Education with a focus on shapes, development of speech vocabulary,
backward districts/ regions of the State. The SSA games, personal hygiene, writing of alphabets
and RMSA initiatives resulted in good schooling and numbers are taught at LKG level. In the next
facilities, attractive incentive schemes to improve level (where the class runs from 10 a.m. to 3 p.m.)
learning, quality assurance measures and reading and writing of simple sentences, simple
increased awareness among the community. addition and subtraction etc. are taught. Songs,
GDQFHDQGJDPHVRFFXS\PDMRUSDUWRIWKHWLPHDW
Karnataka India
Karnataka Karnataka both these classes.
(Rural) (Urban)
Pre-primary schools in State follow different
Persons 75.36 73.00 68.86 86.21
PHWKRGV RI WHDFKLQJ :KLOH PDMRULW\ RI WKHP
Males 82.85 82.14 77.92 90.54 follow Frobel’s simple ‘play way method’, others
follow Montessori system which requires greater
Females 68.13 64.60 59.60 81.71
investment and training. Number of Pre-primary
Source : Economic survey of Karnataka 2018-19 schools was 3,118 in 1979-80. By 2011 September
Pre-primary education it was 4,597. However, the number cannot be
Pre-primary education or kinder garten system authentically ascertained, as they do not come
of education is a preparatory stage for schooling. under the supervision of department for public
Its importance was recognized by state as far back instruction. Many more unregistered pre-primary
as 1900. It was provided mostly by private people. schools may be functioning in every town.Apart
But in 1957, a committee was constituted to give from these, ‘Integrated Child Development Scheme’
recommendations to Government in these matters (ICDS) which is a central government sponsored
of pre-primary education. It recommended the programme is also running in this stage. Under
systematic running of this stage in education. this scheme, Anganawadis are working in many
Accordingly, many shishuviharas (Play homes) villages. Here, poor children below six years of age
were started and run by social welfare department are provided with informal education, nutritious
of the Government. food and health check-ups. In the state, general
education system is divided into different levels
Present system of pre-primary education has
such as pre-primary level, primary level, upper
mainly two stages, 1) Lower Kindergarten (L.K.G.)
primary, secondary education, under graduate
from three years ten months of age to four years
and post-graduate education.
ten months and 2) Upper Kindergarten (U.K.G.)
that runs in the next one year of age. By then, School education in Karnataka is imparted
FKLOG ZRXOG EH RI ÀYH \HDUV DQG WHQ PRQWKV through Lower Primary Schools (LPS, class I
and that should be admitted to Primary First to VII/VIII) and High schools (VIII to X). These
standard.But in these days, children are sent to schools fall under three categories based on type
‘play homes’ at the age of two years ten months. of management, namely (i) Government schools
This is for one year, till they become eligible for managed by the Departments of Education, Social
admission to L.K.G. class. This pre-L.K.G. level Welfare and local self-governments (ii) Government
is called by different names like-‘Pre-nursery’, aided schools and (iii) Private unaided schools.
‘Nursery’ ‘preparatory’etc. This has born out of There are also few ‘other’ schools consisting of
necessity felt by such small families where both mixed categories. In 2018-19, there were 25,278
the parents go for work. Lower Primary, 36,951 Higher Primary and 15,867
High Schools in the State.
In Nursery (pre-nursery) classes no uniform
650
syllabus is followed. Children are allowed to play In the Total number of schools, the percentage of
Government education department’s schools is as b) Number of Schools: During 2018-19, there
high as 83.14 per cent in higher primary schools. were 62,229 elementary schools in the State, of
However, Education Department’s participation is which 25,278 were LPS and 36,951were HPS.
low in secondary education as only 29.59 per cent In 2017-18, the State had 25,801 lower primary
of the high schools are managed by Government. and 36,206 higher primary schools. The number
Government schools are mainly located in rural of LPS decreased by 523 and HPS is increased
areas, whereas private schools are largely urban by 745 between 2017-18 and 2018-19. There
based. were15,666 high schools in the state during
2017-18 and 15,867 schools in the year 2018-19.
Table 10.1 Schools by Management in
Karnataka (2018-19) There is a increase of 201 schools during 2018-19
(Table 10.2). From the below Table it can be noted
Edu- Social Oth-
Category
cation Welfare
Aided
Un- ers +
Total
that, there is an decrease in the number of lower
Depart- + Local Aided Cen-
ment body tral primary schools and increase in Higher Primary
Lower No 21,016 130 214 3,908 10 25,278 Schools and also increase in High Schools during
Primary the period 2017-18 to 2018-19.
Schools % 83.14 0.51 0.85 15.46 0.04 100
Upper No 22,487 1,069 2,745 10,476 174 36,951
Table 10.2: Schools in Karnataka (in Nos.)
Primary
Schools % 60.86 2.89 7.43 28.35 0.47 100 Schools 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
Ele- No 43,503 1,199 2,959 14,384 184 62,229
men- Lower
tary 26,308 26,118 26,696 25,801 25,278
% 69.91 1.93 4.76 23.11 0.30 100 Primary
Schools
Sec- No 4,695 604 3,768 6,702 98 15,867 Higher
ondary 34,604 34,795 35,498 36,206 36,951
Primary
Schools % 29.59 3.81 23.75 42.24 0.62 100
Total Total
No 48,198 1,803 6,727 21,086 282 78,096 60,912 60,913 62,194 62,007 62.229
(Ele- Primary
men-
tary +
Second- % 61.72 2.31 8.61 27.00 0.36 100 High
14,937 15,140 15,773 15,666 15,867
ary) Schools
EDUCATION AND
Source : Economic survey of Karnataka 2018-19 Total 75,849 76,053 77,967 77,673 78,096
SPORTS
Source : Economic survey of Karnataka 2018-19
Elementary Education
Article 21 A of the Constitution of India and c) Enrolments: i. Enrolment during 2018-19 in
the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory primary (class I to V) and in upper primary (class
Elementary Education (RTE) Act 2009 became VI to VIII) stage was 54.80 lakh and 30.50 lakh
operative in April 2010. The State Rules under the respectively (Table 10.3). It is noted that 83.24 per
57($FWZHUHQRWLÀHGLQ7KHVHGHYHORSPHQWV cent of children are studying in rural government
have thrown open fresh opportunities for quality schools. ii.Since last years the enrolment has
schooling for children. increased marginally in the class I to V primary
stage and an increase marginally in the class VI to
a) Access: 7KHUH KDV EHHQ VLJQLÀFDQW SURJUHVV
VIII higher primary stage. This increase in higher
in improving access to schools in the State. The
primary is due to the continued efforts made by
State has the policy to start a new primary school
the State for successful completion of schooling
within one kilometre inhabitations where the
at class V and there is slightly increase in upper
population is more than 100 and child population
primary stage. iii. The number of SC/ST children
is more than 10. HPS is provided within 3
in class I to VII in the State is 14,63,084. Total
Kilometre radius and High Schools in 5 Kilometre
enrolment in the State for 1 to 10 standards has
radius. Feeder schools or transportation facilities
marginally increased from 101.12 lakh in 2014-
are provided in small and sparsely populated
15 to 103.13 lakh in 2018-19. Both gender parity
habitations. All habitations with a population
and gender equity are nearing unity in the State.
of 100 and above now have access to a primary
Gender Parity in enrolment at primary and upper
school within one kilometre. HPS are being
primary is 0.99 and 1.02 in Government + Aided
upgraded to include class 8, wherever there are
schools. Ratio of girls to boys (gender parity index)
no High Schools within 3 Kilometres. A total of
in primary education is the ratio of the number
7,817 HPS has been upgraded so far. 651
of female students enrolled at primary level of
education to the number of male students in 2015-16 102.98 96.40 93.36 79.16 83.22 61.75
this level.iv. Gross Enrolment and Net Enrolment 2016-17 103.71 96.40 93.36 79.16 83.22 61.75
Ratios (GER &NER): During the 2018-19,GER
2017-18 102.77 94.45 93.99 80.35 82.37 64.07
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
and NER lower primary are 104.40 and 95.72
2018-19 104.40 95.72 97.07 81.77 83.68 64.45
respectively. At Higher primary stage GER and
Source : Economic survey of Karnataka 2018-19.
NER are 97.07 and, 81.77 respectively. Changes
GER-Gross Enrolment Ratio ; NER-Net Enrolment Ratio.
in GER and NER across last 3 years are constant.
d) Drop-out Rates: In the Annual report 2018-
Table10.3 Schools and Enrolments in 6DUYD 6KLNVKD $EKL\DQ 66$ KDG LGHQWLÀHG
Karnataka 2014-15 to 2018-19, (in No’s) 13,507 (7 to 14 years) drop-out children in state.
Enrol- Most of the drop-out children were in the districts
ments(All 2014- 2015- 2016- 2017- 2018- QDPHO\ 9LMD\DSXUD %LGDU <DGJLU .DODEXUDJL
types of- 15 16 17 18 19
Schools) Koppal, Ballari, Dharwad, Raichur, Gadaga,
Haveri, Chikkodi, Chitradurga, Davanagere,
Enrolments classes I to V
&KLNNDEDOODSXUD .RODU &KDPDUDMDQDJDU 7KH
Total ( in
lakh)
53.73 54.06 54.49 54.04 54.82 57( $FW VSHFLÀHV WKDW GURSRXW FKLOGUHQ VKRXOG
Boys ( in be mainstreamed in regular schools. Every drop-
27.71 27.87 28.25 28.06 28.52
lakh) out-child is expected to be enrolled in a nearby
Girls (in lakh) 26.01 26.19 26.24 25.98 26.30 school and provided Special Training. Progress
Enrolments classes VI to VIII of the child is periodically assessed on a learning
Total ( in
29.72 29.34 29.20 29.59 30.50
ladder on the basis of which, the child is admitted
lakh)
to an age appropriate class.
Boys ( in
15.37 15.19 15.26 15.35 15.78
lakh) Table 10.5 Drop-out Rates in Lower Primary
Girls (in lakh) 14.34 14.16 13.94 14.24 14.72 and Higher Primary Stages (2018-19) (in %)
Enrolments IX to X Stage All children All (Boys) All (Girls)
Total (in lakh) 17.67 17.74 18.04 17.59 17.83 Lower Primary 1.42 1.53 1.18
Boys (in lakh) 9.21 9.24 9.44 9.16 9.28 Higher Primary 2.19 2.21 2.58
Girls (in lakh) 8.46 8.50 8.59 8.43 8.55 Source : Economic survey of Karnataka 2018-19
Enrolment 1 to 10
e) Out of School Children (OOSC)-Strategies:
Total (in lakh) 101.12 101.14 101.74 101.24 103.13 As per RTE Act 2009, it is mandatory to provide
free and universal education to all children aged
Boys (in lakh) 52.28 52.30 52.96 52.59 53.57 between 6 and 14 years. In this context, the
Girls (in lakh) 48.84 48.84 48.78 46.65 49.56 updated census was taken up in December 2018
Total Schools and 6,704 children between the age of 7 years
in State 75,849 76,053 77,967 77,552 78,096
[ 1 to 10] DQG \HDUV ZHUH LGHQWLÀHG DV VFKRRO GURSRXW
Source : Economic survey of Karnataka 2018-19 children. And also 6,803 children of previous
year were prevented from school dropout. Among
Table 10.4 GER and NER at Lower Primary,
WKHWRWDOFKLOGUHQLGHQWLÀHGWLOO'HFHPEHU
Higher Primary and Secondary Stages (in %)
end, Out of this MHRD has approved plan for
Higher primary Secondary
Primary level
level Level
13,507 children. 10,612 children (till December
Year end) are brought into mainstream through
GER NER GER NER GER NER
various following programmes. The number of
2006-07 108.28 98.43 107.25 98.52 62.00 - never enrolled children is quite low as compared
2007-08 110.93 96.10 107.53 95.61 65.00 - to Dropout children. It showed a decreasing trend
2008-09 107.15 97.33 107.48 98.09 69.77 39.03 over the years. The children in the age group of
2009-10 106.53 95.21 103.10 95.15 75.29 45.07 6+ below 7 years are enrolled directly during the
2010-11 107.53 98.86 103.92 93.57 81.42 58.47 special enrolment drive.
2011-12 107.46 99.21 105.16 96.95 85.65 65.76 f) Infrastructure: i) Basic facility under Sarva
2012-13 106.81 97.69 105.66 94.83 84.54 69.30 Shiksha Abhiyan: Efforts are made by the state
2013-14 102.36 93.56 90.47 81.78 75.99 55.33 under universalization of Primary Education
652 2014-15 102.97 95.47 89.18 81.37 77.31 77.31 Schemeto provide building to school, additional
room, aid for repair and maintenance of schools. Table 10.7 Details of Basic Facility in High
8QGHU57($FWWKHVWDWHKDVSXWVXIÀFLHQWHIIRUWV Schools Across the State
to provide basic facilities like free admission, Toilets
Toi-
Wall Drink-
lets Elec- Play Li-
VXIÀFLHQW FODVV URRPV VHSDUDWH WRLOHWV IRU ER\V Year for
Boys
for tricity Ground
Ramps Com-
pound
ing
Water
brary
Girls
and girls, playground, library, compound/fences,
drinking water, toilet, kitchens and other facilities. 2011-12 88.87 93.01 82.69 75.01 38.18 62.02 97.86 94.05
7KH PDLQ ÀYH IDFLOLWLHV 3DQFKD 6RXODEK\D DUH 2012-13 99.30 99.59 92.32 76.65 40.05 63.94 99.32 96.46
drinking water, Toilet, Play Ground, Compound 2013-14 98.70 99.74 92.76 78.53 45.29 67.68 99.47 98.11
:DOODQG6FKRRO%XLOGLQJ6LJQLÀFDQWSURJUHVVLV 2014-15 99.78 99.93 97.33 82.16 55.74 74.12 99.87 99.09
achieved by the state in providing fundamental 2015-16 99.79 99.94 97.94 82.70 59.78 76.22 99.89 99.40
facilities as shown below in Table 10.6 and 10.7.
2016-17 98.89 99.56 99.22 83.17 50.67 77.29 99.85 99.51
6LJQLÀFDQW DFKLHYHPHQW LV REVHUYHG LQ SURYLGLQJ
2017-18 98.53 99.07 98.39 89.32 28.93 84.02 99.32 48.80
toilet to girl students. There is a large difference
2018-19 97.50 98.09 97.35 88.38 28.93 83.66 98.16 41.49
in the data of 2017-18 and 2018-19 is due to
% More
during 2017-18 only Government schools were /Less
-1.03 -0.98 -1.04 -0.94 -0.59 -0.36 -1.16 -7.31
considered but during 2018-19 as per the SATS Source: Economic survey of Karnataka 2018-19
data all the category of schools is considered.
7DEOH&ODVVLÀFDWLRQRI(OHPHQWDU\
ii) School Buildings and Classrooms: Building Schools by type of ownership of buildings
is important aspect of the physical infrastructure Rented No
Govt. Rent
RI6FKRROV0DMRULW\RIWKHVFKRROVWKDWLV Category
Building
Build-
Free
Build- Others Total
ing ing
schools (69.68 per cent) out of 62,229 elementary Elementary
43,521 4,772 435 27 13,474 62,229
schools of the department possess own buildings Schools
(Table 10.8). The remaining 30.02 percent Percentage
to Total 69.98 7.67 0.70 0.04 21.61 100.00
includes those operating in rent free or rented Schools
building and schools without any building facility. Source : Economic survey of Karnataka 2018-19
During 2018-19, there were 3,72,385 classrooms 7DEOH &ODVVLÀFDWLRQRI6HFRQGDU\
in elementary schools indicating an increase of Schools by type of ownership of buildings
EDUCATION AND
10,169 classrooms in about ten years. 76.87 per Education Department Schools.
SPORTS
cent of classrooms are in good condition. 10.09 per
Govt. Rented- Rent No
cent classrooms need minor repairs, while 15.37 Category
Building Building Free Building
Others Total
SHUFHQWRIFODVVURRPVUHTXLUHPDMRUUHSDLUV2XW Secondary
5,050 1,797 206 9 8,805 15,867
of a total of 15,867 secondary schools in the State, Schools
5,050 belong to the DoE. About 29.34 per cent of Percentage
to Total 31.86 11.34 1.30 0.06 55.49 100.00
schools of the Department possess own buildings. Schools
(Table 10.9) Source : Economic survey of Karnataka 2018-19
Table 10.6 Fundamental facilities in Primary (g) Teachers : In 2018-19 in the state,
Schools (Elementary) 2,81,768 teachers (89.29 per cent) are working
in the LPS and HPS asagainst the sanctioned
Toilets Toilets Play Wall Drinking
Year
for Boys for Girls
Electricity
Ground
Ramps
Compound Water
Library vacancies of 3,15,557. Further, in aided schools
2011-12 97.91 98.81 95.49 54.34 78.27 69.21 99.55 98.66 at the elementary stage, 15,931 were working
against the sanctioned posts of 22,055. It is
2012-13 99.72 99.9 99.56 55.74 79.83 73.48 99.92 99.35
observed that 75.37 per cent of the teachers in
2013-14 99.97 99.98 98.71 56.3 80.96 75.48 99.99 99.66
Government schools at the elementary stage are
2014-15 99.76 99.94 98.99 56.87 83.37 77.33 99.98 99.73 female teachers.Teacher-Pupil ratio is satisfactory
2015-16 99.28 99.72 98.71 57.02 83.34 78.37 99.94 99.74 in Government schools; the average PTR being
1:26.06 at the elementary stage. However,
2016-17 97.13 98.63 97.67 57.31 61.80 78.77 99.78 99.67
variations are seen across districts, blocks and
2017-18 93.73 96.01 94.17 63.94 47.24 79.70 97.31 39.39
at school levels. The State has adopted a policy
2018-19 93.13 95.92 93.92 63.55 46.73 79.65 96.60 34.45 to rationalize teacher deployment to correct such
% More imbalances. However, PTR in private aided and
-0.60 -0.52 -0.25 -0.39 -0.51 -0.05 -0.71 -4.94
/Less unaided schools is comparatively high at 1:55.48 653
Source : Economic survey of Karnataka 2018-19 and 1:31.61 respectively. (Table 10.10)
Table10.10 Teachers in various types of schools (2018-19)
Teachers (Working) Education Dept SW + LB Aided Unaided Others Total
Elementary level 1,66,943 2,334 15,931 95,494 1,066 2,81,768
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
PTR 26.06 35.00 55.48 31.61 49.76 28.14
High Schools 38,401 2,556 28,188 36,276 754 1,06,175
Source : Economic survey of Karnataka 2018-19
Quality Improvement Initiatives: Elementary trained in sports, life skills and self defence.
Education: 4XDOLW\ ,QLWLDWLYHV DUH FODVVLÀHG (QUROPHQW LQ 5HVLGHQWLDO 6FKRROV IRU 6SHFLÀF
based on their focus on distinct stakeholder’s category of children during 2018-19 is as given in
groups: Schools, Students, Teachers, Community Table 10.11.
and Administration. Programmes under these
Table 10.11 Enrolment in Residential Schools
initiatives serve more than one stakeholder groups
IRU6SHFLÀF&DWHJRU\RI&KLOGUHQ
simultaneously.
Enrolment
a) Infrastructure: Provision of infrastructure Sl.
District & Place
Gender wise Social category wise
No.
facilities and adequate class rooms is the basic Boys Girls SC ST
Mus- Oth-
Total
lims ers
strategy for quality schooling. In addition, every
Bengaluru-South
school is given 1) School Grant and 2) Maintenance Govt. Model School
Grant. They are directly transferred from the 1 Premises, Arehalli, 43 32 32 12 0 26 70
Banashankari,
GLVWULFW HGXFDWLRQDO RIÀFH WR LQGLYLGXDO VFKRROV Bangaluru South
DQGMRLQWO\RSHUDWHGE\WKH3UHVLGHQWRIWKH6FKRRO Dakshina-Kannada
Development and Monitoring Committee (SDMC) Govt. Model School
2 Premises, Beltangadi, 60 40 15 6 5 74 100
and the Head Teacher. The School Grant is used Main Road,
for procurement of charts, maps, specimens, Beltangadi
newspapers, consumable chemicals, chalk and Dharwad-Govt. HPS
No.8, Opp. Nehru
other sundry items. Maintenance Grant is used 3
College, Ghantakeri,
53 47 11 12 10 67 100
for paying electricity, water bills, white washing, Hubballi City
hygienic maintenance of school and similar heads. Mysuru-Govt. HPS
Premises, Nazarbad,
0DMRUUHSDLUVJUDQWVDUHJLYHQRQWKHEDVLV 4
Mysuru
75 27 45 18 2 37 102
North Zone
E 5HVLGHQWLDO 6FKRROV IRU 6SHFLÀF FDWHJRU\ Shivamogga-Govt.
of children: )LYH UHVLGHQWLDO VFKRROV IRU VSHFLÀF 5
HPS Premises,
39 39 24 1 0 53 78
Agumbe,Teerthahali
category of children, one each in Bengaluru Taluk
Urban, Dakshina Kannada, Dharwad, Mysuru Total 270 180 127 49 17 257 450
and Shivamogga sanctioned under RTE have Source : Economic survey of Karnataka 2018-19
been established during 2011-12. The intake
capacity of each school is 100 and presently c) Nali Kali: All Government Kannada and
450 children are studying in these schools. In Urdu medium Primary schools in the state have
Bengaluru Urban, Mysuru and Dharwad these adopted the NALI KALI mode in the learn and
schools are catering to the needs of deprived teach method. All the schools are supplied with
children in urban areas whereas in Shivamogga revised Nali Kali learning cards. Totally 28,485
and Dakshina Kannada, children from forest teachers are trained in this method and assigned
DQG 1D[DO DIIHFWHG DUHDV DUH EHLQJ EHQHÀWHG Nali Kali classes. Head Masters of all schools too
7KH FRQVWUXFWLRQ RI IXOOÁHGJHG EXLOGLQJ IRU are trained.
Bengaluru South, Dakshina Kannada, Mysuru d) Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya (KGBV):
and Shivamogga District are completed, but in Efforts have been put by Central and State Govt
the Dharwad district is in progress. Teachers to educate girl children. 71 KGBV residential
are provided to these schools both from the schools in 69 educationally backward blocks for
Department and on out source basis. Other staff girls of 6th Std to 8th Std have been established to
like warden, accounts assistants, D-group and continue education under SSA of Central Resource
watchman have also been appointed. Apart from Development Department in the view of gender
654 providing good education, children are also being disparity, rural areas, weaker sections of society,
SC/ST and economically backward classes.KGBV 10th Standard. Then class 5 to 8th were together
at Siddapur of Gangavati taluk, Koppal Dist called ‘Lower Secondary Level’ (middle school)
and KGBV at Sindhanur of Raichur for girls of and 9 to 11th standards together recognized as
Muslim minority are imparting education in Urdu high school belonging to ‘Secondary Level’. After
medium. Enrolment details of KGBV in 2018-19: that ‘Intermediate Course’ (comparable to present
P.U.C. level) had to be completed. After that `two
_Number of KGBV with 100 students: 47
years’ ‘Bachelor degree course’ would be opening
_Number of KGBV with 150 students: 24
its doors to aspirants (who were naturally few in
_Total enrollment of at KGBVs: 8300
number for obvious reasons like cost, distance
_Total number of students enrolled at KGBV: 8118
etc.).
e) Children with Special Needs (CWSN): There
But things changed after reorganization of
DUHFKLOGUHQLQWKHVWDWHZKRDUHLGHQWLÀHG
states. In 1961, the previous ‘Lower Secondary
with special needs group among which 72,002
children are enrolled into schools and 5,849 Level’ was reduced to three years. Classes Eighth
children of them need most special care and to Tenth were called ‘High school level’ and
are provided with home based education. Other it had a public examination at the end. That
FKLOGUHQRIWKLVFDWHJRU\DUHLGHQWLÀHGLQPHGLFDO examination, even now, is called S.S.L.C., which
camps, enrolled into schools equipped with PHDQVVHFRQGDU\VFKRROOHDYLQJFHUWLÀFDWH7KHQ
educational aids. 24,980 children are supplied ‘Intermediate course’ was reduced to one year’s
with these educational equipments. ‘Pre-university course’ and Bachelor’s degree
period was enhanced from two years to three
f) Training: In the year 2018-19, an aid of years. Again there was a change in 1972. One-
Rs. 17,019 lakhs is approved by MHRD for year P.U.C. was extended to two years.
the training needs of teachers, Head Masters,
Educational Administrators, Resource Persons Now, ‘Secondary Education’ generally means
and SDMC members. DSERT is the Nodal agency schooling from class Eighth to Tenth. But as
to impart the training which covers 30 DIETs, already mentioned above the process of adding
204 Block Resource Centers and 4,103 Cluster Eighth standard to higher primary level has
EDUCATION AND
Resource Centers where the training programmes already started in the state. Only Ninth and
are ICT based. In order to train 6 SDM members Tenth standards will remain at Secondary Level,
SPORTS
from each govt. school for one day in the year and P.U.C. is scheduled to be renamed as “Higher
2018-19 among the approved amount Rs.704 Secondary Level”. But, as yet the process is not
lakhs is released to DSERT. All the above training yet over and debate is going on, presently we use
programmes are progressing in different stages the term ‘Secondary Education’ for high schools
and at the end of the educational year, it is giving instruction for Eighth to Tenth students or
committed to reach the full target of all these Ninth and Tenth students, as the case may be.
training programmes. The PUC or Plus 2 stage will be dealt separately.
g) Research, Evaluation, Monitoring & In the princely State of Mysuru (which is popularly
Supervision (REMS): 5(06 LV RQH RI WKH PDMRU FDOOHG ROG 0\VXUX VWDWH ÀUVW JRYHUQPHQW KLJK
interventions that focuses on Quality Dimension school was started in 1858, in Bengaluru. High
of education under Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan schools were then monitored by Universities.
Mission. The approved activities under REMS +HQFH LW ZDV DIÀOLDWHG WR WKH 8QLYHUVLW\ RI
focus on Research and Evaluation which helps Madras. Later, mission schools were being run
in assessing the strengths and weaknesses of the at Tumakuru, Shivamogga and Hassan. These
educational practices. Monitoring and Supervision VFKRROV DQG WKH 0DKDUDMD·V 6FKRRO LQ 0\VXUX
activities were conducted as per RTE compliance. were taken over by Government. By 1882, there
The activities conducted under REMS are means were four High Schools in Belagavi area (Bombay
to achieve quality in education. REMS activity presidency), two high schools in Mangaluru and
is managed in 2 stages namely; State Stage and Ballari district put together (Madras Presidency).
District Stage. One high school in Kalaburagi was established by
1875 (upgraded A V school) and a central school
Secondary Education
at Madikeri (kodagu-The Independent state then)
Prior to re-organization of states in 1956, 655
was upgraded to high school in 1879.
‘Secondary Education’ meant Schooling from 5th to
This was the condition of secondary schools till which 4,695 schools are run by the DoE, 604 SW
1882. There was no uniform pattern. There were and LB schools, 3,768 by aided managements,
a total of 537 secondary schools in Karnataka 6,702 by private unaided managements and 98
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
by the time of re-organization. These schools by others. The concentration of the secondary
had a total strength of 1,25,645 students. A new schools in the private unaided sector may be one
curriculum was introduced in 1960 and by 1963, of the reasons for the low access of children from
the entire State had a uniformity in pattern, marginalized groups to higher education 34.75
syllabus and examination. The State level public per cent of girls are enrolled in Govt. schools,
examination was uniformly conducted at the and only 33.25 per cent of them study in private
end of Tenth standard and that was S.S.L.C. unaided schools. According to the available data,
examination. A separate Board called ‘Secondary in the state, total of 1,21,261 teachers were
Education Examination board’ was constituted working out of 36,276 teachers are working in
as a statutory body to conduct this examination, unaided secondary schools. The State has set
evaluate, announce results and issue marks the goal of making secondary education of good
cards of this examination. Since then, this board quality available, accessible and affordable to all
LVSHUIRUPLQJLWVMREPDJQLÀFHQWO\ZHOO children in the age group of 14 to 16 years.
In 1964-65, a scheme was introduced to b) Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan
upgrade High Schools (Secondary Schools) into (RMSA): Universalisation of elementary education
Higher Secondary Schools. This was introduced has become a Constitutional mandate. Hence it
in 50 schools in the state. One year P.U.C. Class is absolutely essential to push this vision forward
was started in these schools. This class was to move towards Universalisation of secondary
called ‘Eleventh Standard’. But this scheme was education. In this connection both central and state
closed in 1972, when PUC was made a two-year governments have initiated different programmes
course.Meanwhile, another experiment went on to universalise elementary and secondary
in which some schools were chosen and named education. Rashtriya madhyamika shikshan
– ‘Multipurpose High schools’ or ‘Multipurpose abhiyan is one of such programme implementing
Higher Secondary Schools’. This was done as per MRLQWO\E\FHQWUDODQGVWDWHJRYHUQPHQWVRQWKH
the recommendation of Mudaliar Commission sharing basis.
that was constituted at National Level, to
Objectives: To provide a secondary school
suggest measures to improve education at high
within a reasonable distance of any habitation; To
school level. These multipurpose high schools
ensure that, no child is derived from secondary
developed facilities to provide training in tailoring,
education; To provide necessary infrastructure to
horticulture, smithy, agriculture etc. (whatever
impart effective education in all the government
was possible for them). Government permitted the
high schools ; To plan the programmes to ensure
DSSRLQWPHQW RI WHDFKHUV LQ WKRVH VXEMHFWV %XW
quality education to all the children.
with the implementation of Kothari Commission
report, this scheme was abolished and all those Schemes subsumed Under RMSA: 70 Girls
schools were converted into general schools as Hostels for 9th and 10th standard students in
EHIRUH 7HDFKHUV DSSRLQWHG IRU WKRVH VXEMHFWV educationally backward blocks one in each block;
had to be continued by extracting one work or the Integrated education for disabled children of
other till their retirement. secondary schools; Vocation education.
:LWK VLJQLÀFDQW JDLQV LQ SULPDU\ HGXFDWLRQ Table 10.12 Schools, Teachers & Enrolment
the State has set in motion the planning process in High Schools (2018-19)
for universalization of secondary education to Particulars Govt. SW+LB Aided Unaided Others Total
achieve the target of 85 per cent enrolment in 14- No.of Schools 4,695 604 3,768 6,702 98 15,867
18 age groups in classes 9 to 12. The State is also Enrollment of
2,92,712 22,202 2,55,642 3,49,393 8,326 9,28,275
Boys (IX to X)
committed to strengthening the knowledge base
Enrollment of
of the society to sustain higher rate of economic Girls (IX to X)
2,97,165 28,292 2,39,250 2,84,370 6,640 8,55,717
growth. Total Enrollment 5,89,877 50,494 4,94,892 6,33,763 14,966 17,83,992
No. of Teachers
Institutions / Enrolment / Teachers: The Working
38,401 2,556 28,188 36,276 754 1,06,175
656
State has a total of 15,867 secondary schools of Source : Economic survey of Karnataka 2018-19
F 1DWLRQDO 6NLOOV 4XDOLÀFDWLRQ )UDPH as a separate stage as well as a separate sub
work (NSQF) : 1. Ministry of Human Resource sector of education in Karnataka. However, for
Development, GOI has introduced the new budgetary purposes, PU education gets its funds
VFKHPH RI 1DWLRQDO 6NLOOV 4XDOLÀFDWLRQ )UDPH from Secondary Education budget-head.
work (NSQF) to be implemented under Rashtriya
Pre-University Education is considered as a
Madhyamika Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA) as per the
preparatory stage for university courses. The
JXLGHOLQHV7KHPDLQREMHFWLYHRIWKLVSURJUDPPH
course offers two languages and four electives,
is to introduce vocational courses along with the
which are to be selected from a wide range of
regular courses and thus enable the students
VXEMHFWV VXEMHFWV 7KHVHHOHFWLYHVDUHIXUWKHU
to gain skills and competencies essential to
FODVVLÀHG XQGHU WKUHH GLIIHUHQW VWUHDPV $UWV
get employed. This is a continuing programme
Science and Commerce. Pre-University education
implemented in 10 different levels starting from
is an important milestone between school
classes 9th to12th and thereafter up to graduation,
education and higher education. A separate
post-graduation and Ph.D levels.
Pre-University education department has been
d) Student Achievement Tracking System- established in the state to plan, design and
“Shikshana Kirana”: the Student Achievement implement the entire Pre-University education
Tracking System that tracks every child enrolled programme. The Government participation is
in school, by unique identity and name, regularity, immense in pre-university education (Table
academic performance, promotions, transfers, 10.13). It is observed that the number of girl
identify drop outs etc., has captured student students admitted in Government Pre-University
VSHFLÀF GDWD RI DERXW FURUH VWXGHQWV VWXG\LQJ Colleges is more than that of private aided and
in all schools of the state. The system is designed unaided colleges. This indicates the need for
for online monitoring of the performance of expansion of these colleges in future to promote
students, teachers and school managements.This girls’ education.
system could already digitize the records of more
Financial assistance is provided under
than one crore students, four lakhs teachers and
NABARD-RIDF and Special Development Plan to
seventy seven thousand schools in the whole state
EDUCATION AND
meet the infrastructure requirements of the PU
including private aided and unaided schools.
Colleges. Orientation programmes are organized
SPORTS
Aadhar information linked with student details
by the department for lecturers with a view to
LV XQGHU SURFHVV 2QOLQH YHULÀFDWLRQ RI &DVWH
upgrade their knowledge and improve the results.
DQG ,QFRPH FHUWLÀFDWH $XWRPDWLRQ RI 66/&
Emphasis is placed on those districts where
examination system through online (Nominal
the pass percentage is low. Henceforth, as per
roll, Admission ticket, question paper indent).
National Policy, preuniversity stage of education
Text book indent generated through online and
will be a part of secondary education. It will not
conducting online Student Achievement Test.
be tailored to University needs and it will not be
Pre-University Education preuniversity stage but senior secondary stage.
Establishment of the Department of Pre-
Table 10.13 Institutions at Pre-University
University Education: In order to administer Level (Nos.)
the +2 stage of education, the ‘Karnataka Pre-
Institutions Govt Aided Unaided Corporation Total
University Education Board’ was established in
1971. The Board was abolished in 1988 and it was 2010-11 1,191 640 1,737 13 3,581
converted into the ‘Directorate of Pre-university 2011-12 1,200 675 1,874 13 3,762
Education’ in 1992. All colleges imparting PU
2012-13 1,201 775 1,995 13 3,984
education in the State come under the purview
of the Directorate. The Directorate looks after 2013-14 1,203 795 2,145 13 4,156
the administration, examination and academic 2014-15 1,203 795 2,346 13 4,357
matters of the PUstage. Since the government 2015-16 1,203 795 2,778 13 4,789
formed a separate department to manage Pre-
2016-17 1,204 797 2,990 13 5,004
University Education and created a separate
2017-18 1,229 797 3,196 13 5,235
cadre of lecturers and principals to staff the
2018-19 1,231 797 3,194 13 5,235
government PU colleges, PU stage is being treated 657
Source : Economic survey of Karnataka 2018-19
a) Enrolments: The year 2007-08 has been 2013-14 5,62,449 4,67,985 1,57,557 25.19
VLJQLÀFDQW ZLWK UHJDUG WR HQUROPHQWV LQ WKH
2014-15 6,11,570 4,96,255 66,194 11.77
pre-university stage. There is a direct relation
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
between percentage of passes at X standard 2015-16 6,43,508 5,16,508 95,062 15.54
public examination (SSLC) and demand for pre- 2016-17 6,13,865 5,66,774 76,734 11.92
university education. Results at X standard were 2017-18 6,47,319 5,40,367 73,498 11.97
between 50 per cent to 60 per cent till 2007. X
2018-19 6,40,644 5,63,772 83,547 12.91
VWDQGDUGUHVXOWVKDVLPSURYHGVLJQLÀFDQWO\VLQFH
Source :Economic survey of Karnataka 2018-19
2007 onwards and is currently around 60 per cent
to 75 per cent. Still, it is observed that there is an Table 10.15 Enrolments Across Courses In
attrition of around 17 per cent to 20 per cent Pre-University (2018-19)
between I and II years of pre-university education. Stage Arts Commerce Science Total
This attrition has implications for expenditure
I year (No.s) 192347 248979 199318 640644
levels across two years. If Career guidance and
counselling is conducted immediately after the II year (No.s) 157901 216721 189150 563772
announcement of the X standard examination Proportions (%)
results, may help in reduction of dropouts. I year 30.02 38.86 31.11 100%
The Education Commission of 1966 had II year 28.01 38.44 33.55 100%
suggested an enrolment limit of 30 per cent to 35 Source: Economic survey of Karnataka 2018-19
per cent for Arts courses. However, even by 2008-
09, nearly 50 per cent of enrolments are in Arts b) Completion Rates: Pass percentage at pre-
courses. Relative proportions at II PUC stage do university is about 67.48 per cent in science
not change substantially. The low enrolments in courses. This will normally be around 25 per cent
science courses are a cause for concern. There to 50 per cent of previous year’s enrolments. It is
is a rush for professional courses from science also seen that girls fare better than boys in II PUC
stream. This is not the case with respect to Arts examination. Girls who reach II PUC are from
and Commerce Courses. Low proportion of science DPRQJWKRVHZKRDUHOHIWRXWDIWHUEHLQJVXEMHFWHG
enrolments and the attraction of professional to higher degree of screening at various levels.
courses lead to low enrolments in graduate This is not the case of boys. It is also noted that
science courses. Graduate science courses serve English medium results are always better than
as nurseries for preparation and supply of science Kannada medium results.
teachers for secondary schools as well as for Table 10.16 Pass Percentage at Pre-University
creation of pool of scientists in the country after Level across Courses (2017-18)
post graduate and research courses. Both school
Performance Arts Commerce Science Total
VFLHQFH HGXFDWLRQ DQG VFLHQWLÀF SXUVXLWV VXIIHU
because of this trend. Initiatives by the Indian Appeared (No.) 1,99,162 2,54,908 2,31,643 6,85,713
Institute of Science (Bengaluru) to attract science Passed (No.) 89,883 1,62,235 1,56,303 4,08,421
talent for integrated 5-years, post-graduate Percentage 45.13 63.64 67.48 59.56
courses after the pre-university stage by offering Source : Economic survey of Karnataka 2018-19
a variety of incentives need to be emulated and
expanded. c) Trainings and Programmes: “Ganatharanga”
CET/NEET training programme: 250 Govt. P.U
Table 10.14 Students Strength In Pre- Colleges with advanced technology students in
University Courses PCMB are given free coaching for CET/NEET
Year 1st PUC 2nd PUC Attrition % age exams. Vishwasa Kirana Programme: To improve
2007-08 5,28,879 4,33,183 5,195 1.21 the outcome of scheduled caste & tribe students
2008-09 5,34,430 4,34,425 94,454 17.86
studying in state Pre-University colleges set up
under SCP/TSP programme. Special English
2009-10 5,55,977 4,28,580 1,05,850 19.81
Language teaching classes were held from
2010-11 5,18,179 4,50,700 1,05,277 18.94
14/10/18 to 26/10/18 mid-term holidays to
2011-12 5,75,673 4,30,625 87,554 16.90 intensify training in English speaking skills,
658 2012-13 6,25,542 4,80,268 95,405 16.57 grammar and understanding in 410 nodal training
centres to improve results. Laptop programme: Teacher Training Course – D.Ed.,
For the year 2019, SC students securing highest Teacher Training Course is aimed to train PUC
PDUNV DQG VWDQGV ÀUVW LQ WKH GLVWULFW DPRQJ passed youths to teach primary classes. A training
the SC student will get 3 laptops (one each for school at Mysuru was established as early as
stream in Arts, Science & Commerce). Even those in 1860. A Normal school that was started at
students who secure second highest marks and
Dharwad in 1867 was later converted into a post-
stands seconds, in each of the three streams for
metric training college (T.C.H.). Teacher training
the entire district will get a Laptop. On the same
courses were started at Maharani’s college for
lines ST students securing highest marks and
women-Mysuru, in 1888. A course for training men
ÀUVWSODFHDPRQJWKH67VWXGHQWVLQWKHGLVWULFW
will get 3 laptops (one each for stream in Arts, teachers to teach middle school (higher primary)
Science and Commerce). Book bank programme classes was started at Mysuru in 1913. Another
IRU 6&3763 )RU WKH $FDGHPLF <HDU similar one for women was started at Maharani’s
8QGHU 6&3 3URMHFW FROOHJHV ZHUH VHOHFWHG training college for women was started. By 1931-
based on SC constituency are provided Text 32, there were eleven training colleges in Karnataka
%RRNV DOVRXQGHU763SURMHFWFROOHJHVZHUH state. Nine of them were government colleges. One
selected based on ST constituency. Preparation was aided by government and another one was
of question bank: For the Academic year 2018-19 unaided. All these were meant to train primary
IRU WKH EHQHÀW RI VWXGHQW·V TXHVWLRQ EDQN LQ DOO school teachers only. No training institution was
VXEMHFWV ZDV SUHSDUHG E\ WKH UHVRXUFH SHUVRQV there for secondary school teachers.Of these
The same has been uploaded in the PUE website.
eleven, eight were for men and the rest three were
<RXWK SDUOLDPHQW )RU WKH $FDGHPLF \HDU
for women. In 1950 these training courses were
19 at Pre-University level in order to gain Political
UHQDPHG¶7HDFKHU·VFHUWLÀFDWH+LJKHU· 7&+ DQG
NQRZOHGJH ´<RXWK 3DUOLDPHQWµ FRPSHWLWLRQ LV
conducted, this programme is being conducted ¶7HDFKHU·VFHUWLÀFDWHORZHU· 7&/
by the PUE. Dept. Since 2011-2012 Career By 1956, there were totally only 14 teacher
counselling and guidance cell: DPUE with the help training institutions, seven to impart TCH
EDUCATION AND
of UNDP-DISHA has introduced career guidance
training and seven for giving TCL training. Private
cells in selected 50 Government P U Colleges in the
SPORTS
organizations were not taking much interest in
state. The programme aims at providing insight
starting such training colleges. By 1956, 2,431
into career opportunities for around 20,000 Girls
men trainees and 983 women trainees were
students in 50 GPUC. Training programmes from
kipa : The one day training programme for 1,230 studying in these institutions.By 1999-2000,
Government. P.U College Principals regarding there were 136 TCH institutions (comparable
“Auditing and using accumulated fund” in 15 to present D.Ed., Colleges), in the state. Total
different districts. The maintainence of records, strength in these colleges was 9,982. But the
stock, cash book and other audits related works. scene changed drastically by the end of 2004. As
central government made a change in its policy on
d) Sports and NCC: The department of Pre-
professional education, all private managements
University Education also facilities sports
activates in the academic year 2018-19. Sports who meet the prescribed norms were getting
activates were conducted at taluk, district and permissions to open different professional
state level students who won 1st & 2nd place were colleges. States had no option than to see whether
selected and send to national games conducted they meet and maintain norms or not. As a result,
by SGFI (School Games Federation of India). many private educational institutions came
At nationals, Karnataka team sent from PU forward to open D.Ed., Colleges (renamed previous
Department have won championship trophy in TCH colleges). While the number of D.Ed., (TCH
swimming, belt wrestling, shuttle badminton, earlier) colleges was 131 in all, in the whole state
WHQQLV YROOH\EDOO ÁRRU EDOO DQG EDOO EDGPLQWRQ in 2003-04. It suddenly rose to 547 in 2004-05
In individual, championship trophy was given to due to the above change in policy. It went as
the students in the following games: Takewonda,
increasing in later years. Table below shows the
Wrestling (free style and greecoroman), Judo,
increased number of D.Ed., colleges in the State. 659
<RJDDQG6KXWWOH%DGPLQWRQ
Table 10.17 Details of D.Ed., Colleges in State, with Strength
Govt. Colleges Aided Colleges Unaided Colleges Total
Year
Govt. Admit- Seats
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
No. Seats Admitted No. No. Admitted No. Seats
Seats ted (Govt)
2003-04 37 2,170 2,161 39 1,496 1,458 55 1,431 1,388 131 5,007
2004-05 37 3,270 3,228 40 1,692 1,599 470 12,206 9,795 547 14,622
2005-06 37 3,270 3,269 40 1,768 1,723 647 16,608 12,983 724 17,975
2006-07 37 3,270 3,208 40 1,693 1,576 657 16,950 12,449 734 17,233
2007-08 37 3,270 3,209 40 1,713 1,526 879 22,900 15,220 956 19,955
2008-09 37 3,270 3,116 40 1,716 1,508 931 24,211 14,660 1,008 19,284
The number of unaided private colleges went on collegiate Education’ (established in 1960) and
increasing from 2004-05 but they could not get has a commissioner as its head. Under him is the
full permitted enrolment. Private managements 'LUHFWRU 7KH GHSDUWPHQW KDV LWV VWDWH RIÀFH LQ
are allowed to admit equal number of students %HQJDOXUX DQG UHJLRQDO RIÀFHV LQ GLIIHUHQW SDUWV
RIWKHLURZQFKRLFHZLWKÀ[HGPLQLPXPHOLJLELOLW\ of the state.
conditions. When government quota itself cannot
7KH ÀUVW HYHU LQVWLWXWLRQ IRU KLJKHU HGXFDWLRQ
EHÀOOHGWKHUHZLOOEHQRWDNHUVIRUPDQDJHPHQW
in entire Karnataka was started at Mangaluru
seats. This has happened due to over enthusiasm
in 1869, by the then Madras Government.
of private people to open D.Ed., colleges.The
That was a ‘Second Grade College’. In 1870,
result became clearly evident in 2012 when the
the Government High school Bengaluru was
department could not get required member of
upgraded into a college. It was named ‘Central
applications for admission to government and
&ROOHJH· LQ 0DKDUDMD·V +LJK 6FKRRO
aided colleges. As a result, many D.Ed., colleges
in Mysuru and Government High School at
had to run with strength not even reaching double
Shivamogga started preparing students for F.A.
GLJLWV(YHQWKRXJKRIÀFLDOO\LWLVQRWDQQRXQFHG
examination (Intermediate exam) of Madras
it is estimated that almost 50 per cent of unaided
University in 1879.Jesuits started St. Aloysius
D.Ed., colleges are closed with the ending of
College at Mangaluru in 1879 and St.Joseph’s
academic year by the end of 2012.
FROOHJH LQ %HQJDOXUX LQ ¶7KH 0DKDUDMD·V
Pre-Primary Teacher Training institutes second grade college’in Mysuru was founded in
Pre-primary teacher-training institutes offer ,WZDVXSJUDGHGLQWRDÀUVWJUDGHFROOHJHLQ
one-year training to ladies who have passed at DQGDIÀOLDWHGWR0DGUDV8QLYHUVLW\7KH)LUVW
least pre-university exam. By 1992-93, there were University established in Karnataka was ‘Mysuru
totally 93 such institutions in the state.Out of University’ in 1916. This University established
these, 49 were government, only one was aided ÀUVW(QJLQHHULQJFROOHJHLQ DQGÀUVW0HGLFDO
and the rest 43 were private unaided institutions. college in 1924, both in Bengaluru.
This is much higher when compared to total
number of 31 pre-primary T.T.I’s existed in
1980-81.The number of such institutions
further increased in later years. By 2011 and
there were 61,187 Anganawadi centers and
3,331 mini anganawadi centers in the state.
These are run by the government and along
with nursery education, they also provide
food & medical care to little children.
Collegiate Education
Apart from universities,there is a separate
department to look after college education
660 in Karnataka. This is called ‘Department of
There was only one women’s college in Table 10.18 Number of Degree Colleges in the State
Karnataka in those days. It was Maharani’s
Colleges To-
college in Mysuru, established in 1901. It was Year
tal
Remarks
Govt. Aided Unaided
a second grade college in the beginning and
Total strength 27,
WKHQ XSJUDGHG LQWR ÀUVW *UDGH &ROOHJH LQ 1960 25 17 - 42
338
Karnataka College at Dharwad was established 1994-95 136 267 276 679 Total Strength
in 1920 by the efforts of many local leaders who
1999- 1992-93=4,81,920
put pressure on the then Bombay government. 2000
151 300 484 935
1993-94=4,36,128
/LQJDUDMD &ROOHJH DW %HODJDYL ZDV VWDUWHG E\ The only Govt. law
165
K.L.E. society in 1933. That was a big step in 2003-04 300 532 998 college established
(+1 Law college)
at Kolar
spreading higher education in northern part of 167 465+
2005-06 300 1000
Karnataka. That incident developed spirit in many (+1 law college) 67 law colleges
enthusiasts in that part that later resulted in the Source : Economic survey of Karnataka 2018-19
establishment of many other degree colleges in one
decade. Basaveshwara College at Bagalakot was 5HJLRQDO RIÀFHV RI FROOHJLDWH HGXFDWLRQ ZHUH
HVWDEOLVKHGLQ 9LMD\D&ROOHJHZDVVWDUWHGLQ established at Bengaluru, Dharwad and Mysuru
DW9LMD\DSXUDE\%/'(DVVRFLDWLRQ in 1980, Mangaluru and Kalaburagi in 1985 and
Shivamogga in 1996. Thus, there are six regional
National Education society started the famous RIÀFHVQRZHDFKPDQDJHGE\DMRLQWGLUHFWRU7KH\
‘National college’ in Bengaluru in 1945. Another are controlled by Director of Collegiate education,
private organization also started ‘Basappa Bengaluru. However, this department supervises
College’ in Bengaluru in the same year. By 1956 the administration of only government and aided
XQLÀFDWLRQ RI .DUQDWDND WKH HUVWZKLOH 0\VXUX colleges. Unaided colleges are inspected by ‘Local
6WDWHKDGÀUVWJUDGHFROOHJHV,QWHUPHGLDWH Inquiry Committee’ of the concerned University.
colleges and 14 professional colleges. When the
‘Directorate of collegiate Education’ was started Institutions: The details of the average strength
in 1960, there were only 42 colleges in entire and spread in Government and Aided Degree
Karnataka. Out of these, 17 were Government colleges are given in Table 10.19 and 10.20. The
EDUCATION AND
Colleges and 25 were private. They had a total average strength in government and aided degree
colleges is 771.14 and 589.50 respectively.
SPORTS
strength of 27,338 students.
Number of colleges went on increasing year by Table 10.19 Institutions for Graduate
Education, 2018-19
year, both Government and Private. During 1994-
95 there were totally 679 colleges in the state. Managements Govt. Pvt. Aided Total
Among them 136 were Government colleges, 267 Institutions 413 319 732
were private aided colleges, and 276 were unaided Students 3,18,482 1,88,049 5,06,531
private colleges. By 1999-2000 the total number Av. Per college
771.14 589.50 691.98
of degree colleges was 935. Out of these, 151 (Nos.)
were government colleges and rest were private. Source : Economic survey of Karnataka 2018-19
Among private colleges, 200 were aided and
Table 10.20 Spread of Govt. Sector Degree Colleges
484 were unaided. By 2003-04, total number of
colleges rose to 998, including 165 government Region Benga-
luru
Mysuru Shiva-
mogga
Manga-
luru
Dhar-
wad
Kala-
buragi
Total
and rest private colleges. Out of these private Number 141 107 89 71 204 120 732
colleges 300 were aided and the rest 532 were Proportion 19.26 14.62 12.16 9.70 27.87 16.39 100
unaided. In 2005-06 number of colleges in state Revenue 32 26 27 11 49 31 176
rose to exactly 1000. The additional two were Blocks
government degree colleges.Totally there were 67 Source : Economic survey of Karnataka 2018-19
law colleges in the state then. Only one of them Enrolments: Overall student’s enrolment
was government Law College, Kolar. Government for Degree Courses are increasing with each
H[WHQGHGWKHEHQHÀWRIJUDQWLQDLGWRVRPHPRUH passing year during 2010-11 to 2018-19. (Tables
unaided degree colleges in 2006-07. As a result, 10.21,10.22 and 10.23). In fact, negative growth
total number of Government and aided colleges has been observed in case of boys enrolment
went upto 482.Following table shows the number during 2010-11 and 2015-16 to 2017-18, this has 661
of degree colleges in the state in different years. been improved with +ve growth during 2018-19.
The male-female ratio which was infavour of boys during 2009-10 has got reversed during 2010-11.
2010-11 to 2018-19 and theratio was in favour of girls.
Enrolment in Science courses is very poor as a proportion of total enrolments in general higher
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
education. This is a carry-over concern of pre-university enrolments. Improving the proportion of
HQUROPHQWVLQ6FLHQFHFRXUVHVDORQJZLWKJHQHUDOLQFUHDVHVLVDVLJQLÀFDQWFKDOOHQJH7KHUHKDVEHHQD
VLJQLÀFDQWLQFUHDVHLQWKHIXQGVUHOHDVHGWRWKH'HSDUWPHQWRI&ROOHJLDWH(GXFDWLRQE\WKH*RYHUQPHQW
Total budget under plan and non-plan increased from Rs.1,345.45 crore in 2011-12 to Rs. 2416.70
FURUHLQ 7KHPDMRUVKDUHLQWKHSODQEXGJHWZDVIRUWKHDGGLWLRQDOLQIUDVWUXFWXUHDQGIDFLOLWLHV
required for colleges.
Table 10.21 Growth of Enrolments in Degree Colleges
Year Boys % Growth Girls % Growth Total % Growth M:F Ratio
2009-10 1,81,779 1.34 1,76,226 7.63 3,57,975 4.33 51:49
2010-11 1,81,018 -0.42 1,86,790 3.28 3,67,808 2.69 49:51
2011-12 2,26,785 25.28 2,35,313 25.98 4,62,098 24.34 49:51
2012-13 2,29,681 1.28 2,35,471 0.06 4,65,152 1.76 49:51
2013-14 2,47,140 7.60 2,82,867 20.14 5,30,007 13.94 47:53
2014-15 2,51,078 1.56 2,83,986 1.21 5,35,064 0.89 47:53
2015-16 2,34,655 -6.54 2,93,739 3.43 5,28,394 -1.24 44:56
2016-17 2,13,474 -9.03 2,91,486 -0.77 5,04,960 -4.43 42:58
2017-18 2,01,760 -5.49 2,85,034 -2.21 4,86,794 -3.60 41:58
2018-19 2,14,625 6.38 2,92,386 2.58 5,06,531 4.05 42:58
Source : Economic survey of Karnataka 2018-19
Table 10.22 Enrolments Across Courses (2018-19)
Courses BA (BA & BSW) B.Sc. (B.Sc. & BCA) B.Com (B.Com & BBM) Total
Number of Students 194507 79173 232851 506531
% 38.40 15.63 45.97 100%
Source : Economic survey of Karnataka 2018-19
Table 10.23 SC /ST Students Enrolment for Development of science courses: About
Academic Year (2018-19) developing science courses, total amount of
No. of SC Students No. of ST Students Rs. 885.50 Lakhs grants is released to 170
Male Female Total Male Female Total Government First Grade Colleges in which Degree
Govt.
DQG 3RVW *UDGXDWLRQ 'HJUHH 6FLHQFH VXEMHFWV
32931 37147 70078 12505 13419 25924
Colleges are taught, for purchasing required Laboratory
Pvt. Aided
12408 13447 25939 5133 5675 10814
Equipments, Chemicals/Consumables, Text-
Colleges
Books and Furnitures.
Source : Economic survey of Karnataka 2018-19
Dharwad Higher Education Academy: The
Fresh Incentives : New Courses/
+LJKHU(GXFDWLRQ$FDGHP\DQDPELWLRXVSURMHFW
Combinations: Permission has been given to
of the State Government, to improve the quality of
start new Under Graduation degree courses/
higher education, is functioning since June 2015.
combinations in 39 Government First Grade
Presently the induction training has been given to
Colleges and Post Graduation Courses/
lecturers.
662 combinations in 23 Government First Grade
Colleges. NAAC Accreditation: As Government First
Grade Colleges are undergoing the process school in Mysuru. Mysuru University introduced
of NAAC accreditation & re-accreditation in B.T.degree (Bachelor of teaching) in 1925. In
the present year 223 Government First Grade 1947, a teachers college with a practicing school
Colleges among 413 colleges have been accredited. was started in 1947 by Government of Mysuru.
Department of Collegiate Education stands 1st Mysuru University started faculty of education
place in South India & 2nd place National level for in 1952. Post graduate course in Education
getting NAAC accreditation. To improve the quality (M.Ed.,) was also started in 1956. By the time
of Higher Education, the Central Government of re-organisation of states in 1956, there were
under the component-7 (Infrastructure Grants totally only seven B.Ed., Colleges in the state.
WR &ROOHJHV RI 586$ D ÁDJVKLS SURMHFW XQGHU They had a total strength of 616, out of which 121
Ministry of Human Resources Development, were women. By 1968, number of colleges went
Government of India has selected 89 Government upto 17 including ‘Regional college of Education’
First Grade Colleges of our state and grant of Rs.2 in Mysuru. The number further shot up to 48
crores has been sanctioned to each of these colleges. in 1982, with total strength of 4,687 students.
Under component-1 of RUSA (Upgradation of Following table shows the increase in number of
Autonomous College to Universities), Government B.Ed., colleges in the state in past eight decades.
College Mandya (Autonomous) has been selected 0DMRULW\RIWKHVHZHUHSULYDWHFROOHJHVDQGPRVWO\
and a grant of Rs.55 crores has been sanctioned. unaided.
Under component-5 of RUSA Government First Table 10.24 Increase in Number of B.Ed. Colleges.
Grade College, Jewargi has been selected to
transform as a Model college and a grant of 2006-07 361 Total strength 15,595
Rs.4 crores has been sanctioned to this college.
2007-08 395 Total Strength 15,403
Under component-2 of RUSA (Creation of Cluster
Colleges to University), Maharani Science 2008-09 410 Total Strength 14,236
College for Women, Bengaluru, Maharani Arts,
Commerce and Management College for Women, 2010-11 409 Total Strength 26,358
Bengaluru and VHD Central Institute of Home
EDUCATION AND
sciences, Bengaluru have been selected as Cluster The abnormal and unnecessary rise in the
University and a total grant of 55 crores has been number of B.Ed., Colleges is due to open
SPORTS
VDQFWLRQHG IRU WKLV SURMHFW (QJOLVK &RPSXWHU permission policy adopted by the Govt. of India
Fundamentals & Life Skills are being taught to the that permitted all those who come forward to open
students of 327 Government First Grade Colleges SURIHVVLRQDO FROOHJHV IXOÀOOLQJ SUHVFULEHG QRUPV
WKURXJK ('86$7 IRU DQ KRXU DW À[HG WLPH VORWV Private people rushed to open colleges without
every day. practical thinking. As a result, there were more
colleges than the number of students seeking
Tele-Education: Tele Education scheme in admission. We can understand this by looking
73 colleges including 64 colleges in Hyderabad- into the decreasing number of students. Every
Karnataka region, under the purview of B.Ed. College is permitted to have 100 students.
Department of Collegiate Education, by using ,QPDQ\%(G&ROOHJHVZRUNHGZLWKMXVW
the expertise of IIMB, Bengaluru and member 20 students. As a result, in 2011-12 many B.Ed.,
organizations of its union. This programme is for &ROOHJHVFORVHGXQRIÀFLDOO\ZLWKRXWHYHQLQIRUPLQJ
the students studying in First year degree courses the department.
in Government First Grade Colleges to improve the
SURÀFLHQF\LQ(QJOLVK7KHSURJUDPPHKDVEHHQ State Government perhaps knew this would
started by installing Tele Education classrooms. happen. So, in order to save the old colleges
from getting closed in the wave of new colleges
Colleges of Education (B.Ed.,) after through inspection, it brought a fresh 22
Till 1914 there was no provision in the state for B.Ed. colleges which existed prior to 1986, under
training of graduate teachers. They had to go to grant in aid system. Presently about 40 B.Ed.,
Teachers college at Saidapet in Chennai to get colleges are getting government aid to pay salaries
training. That training was then called ‘Licentiate to employees.Table below gives district wise list
in Teaching’ (L.T.) However, in 1914 a training of B.Ed. colleges existed in 2010-11 along with
course for graduates was started at Normal 663
strength.
Table 10.25 B.Ed., Training Colleges
Enrolment
Year/District Teachers
KARNATAKA
Institutions Total Female SC ST
HAND BOOK OF
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
2010-11 409 26358 15009 4651 1688 2903
2011-12 385 29261 16837 4712 1523 2775
2012-13 361 30853 17920 4818 1816 2717
Bagalkote 10 949 570 122 23 89
Bengaluru 40 2804 1568 378 63 245
Bengaluru (R) 4 92 58 11 2 32
Belagavi 24 2327 1328 211 82 212
Ballari 10 959 585 167 103 78
Bidar 31 2735 1735 180 100 210
9LMD\DSXUD 16 1522 782 258 31 126
&KDPDUDMDQDJDUD 2 200 133 74 18 15
Chikkaballapura 5 436 229 76 63 36
Chikkamagaluru 5 471 327 87 24 41
Chitradurga 13 1154 606 231 197 118
Dakshina Kannada 14 1039 938 80 43 113
Davanagere 14 1172 554 195 123 115
Dharwad 12 1174 701 206 112 104
Gadag 9 836 477 106 55 77
Kalburagi 29 2810 1486 509 68 173
Hassan 9 890 418 185 19 68
Haveri 8 589 368 73 38 66
Kodagu 1 93 64 18 2 6
Kolar 14 640 354 152 11 99
Koppal 6 600 331 54 42 40
Mandya 10 947 622 110 11 75
Mysuru 15 1357 894 339 128 112
Raichur 8 686 357 152 104 63
Ramanagara 5 454 149 305 110 39
Shivamogga 13 953 658 134 33 106
Tumakuru 17 1475 876 204 83 133
Udupi 2 176 158 13 9 17
Uttara Kannada 7 627 237 36 15 46
<DGJLU 8 686 357 152 104 63
664 Note: Col No.2 includes Govt. Aided and Un-aided colleges
Source: State Educational Research & Training Centre.
University Education Rani Chennamma University, and Tumakuru
There are 22 universities in Karnataka. Some University do not have all faculties in P.G, but
RI WKHVH UXQ SRVW JUDGXDWH FRXUVHV LQ VXEMHFWV their effort is going on to have all faculties.Now
taught in degree colleges. They also provide decentralization of post-graduate education
RSSRUWXQLW\IRUGRFWRUDOUHVHDUFKLQWKRVHVXEMHFWV has begun for the past ten years. That means,
(eg Languages, History, Sociology, Economics, 8QLYHUVLWLHVDUHDOORZLQJWKHFROOHJHVDIÀOLDWHGWR
Physics, Chemistry, Maths etc.). But there are them, to run post-graduate courses of their choice.
some other universities which regulate the study If prescribed norms are met, then university
DQG UHVHDUFK LQ FHUWDLQ VSHFLDOL]HG ÀHOGV OLNH permits those colleges to open post-graduate
medical, Horticulture, Veterinary science, folklore departments. By this, P.G. education is also being
HWF 0\VXUX 8QLYHUVLW\ ZDV WKH ÀUVW RQH WR EH imparted at centers outside the campuses.
established in Karnataka. It was started in 1916
This policy has two advantages. Firstly, it
E\WKHQNLQJ.ULVKQDUDMD:RGH\DU,9RIHUVWZKLOH
reduces economic and administrative burden
Mysuru state.Prior to its establishment, higher
on the part of universities. Secondly, it enables
education in Southern and coastal Karnataka
aspirants to get higher education near their native
was controlled by Madras University, Chennai.
places. Another policy is also introduced in P.G.
Northern part of Karnataka was under the mercy
education for the past 15 years. That is the system
of Bombay University and Osmania University for
of ‘merit seats’ and ‘payment seats’. Merit seats in
higher Education till independence.
every P.G. branch is allotted purely based on merit
Karnataka University was started at Dharwad and reservation. They must pay less fee. While
in 1949. Then it had the whole North Karnataka payment seats are given to those who are less
under its Jurisdiction. Bengaluru University came merited and have to pay higher fee. But in both the
into existence in 1964 with the then Bengaluru cases, aspirants have to go through an entrance
and Tumakuru districts under its Jurisdiction. examination. Those who top the list will get merit
The Coastal district of Dakshina Kannada, which seats and the later ones will get the payment
was under Mysuru University till 1980, got a seats.To enable SC, ST and minority students to
separate Mangaluru University in 1980. Present get post-graduates education, scholarships are
EDUCATION AND
Mangaluru, Udupi and Kodagu districts are provided by Government.
SPORTS
covered by that University. Mysore University
Kalaburagi University was also started in 1980 The University of Mysore was established on
with Bidar, Kalaburagi and Raichur districts in its July 27, 1916. It is the sixth oldest in the country
Jurisdiction. Till then these three districts were DQGWKHÀUVWLQWKHVWDWHRI.DUQDWDND$OVRLQD
covered by Karnataka University itself. Kuvempu VHQVHLWLVWKHÀUVWXQLYHUVLW\RIWKHFRXQWU\WREH
University was started in 1987 with Shivamogga, established outside the limits of the British India.
Chikkamagalur and Chitradurga districts. Till The university was founded as a result of the
WKHQWKHVHGLVWULFWVZHUHXQGHUWKHMXULVGLFWLRQRI HIIRUWV RI WKH EHQHYROHQW DQG YLVLRQDU\ 0DKDUDMD
Mysuru University. of erstwhile Princely State of Mysore His Highness
6KUL 1DOYDGL .ULVKQDUDMD :DGL\DU,9
Later, Sri Krishnadevaraya University was 1940), and the then Diwan Sir M. Visvesvaraya
started at Ballari in 2010 taking some area ,W ZDV WKH ÀUVW 8QLYHUVLW\ WR EH
from Kalaburagi University. Similarly, ‘Rani accredited by NAAC in 2000 with Five Star Status.
Chennamma University’ was started in the same The university is now ranked 36th in the India
year at Belagavi reducing the Jurisdictional Rankings 2017, NIRF-MHRD, Government of
burden of Karnataka University. Bangalore India.
University was divided in to Bangalore, Bangalore
Central and Bangalore North Universities. The University is located in Mysuru, the cultural
Tumakuru University was started in 2004 with centre of Karnataka. Mysuru was the capital of the
only Tumakuru District as its Jurisdiction. Wodeyar dynasty. It is a city of palaces, temples
and gardens. Being a splendid tourist centre with
All these universities have post graduate courses historical monuments and unique architecture,
LQ GLIIHUHQW VXEMHFWV 6RPH QHZ XQLYHUVLWLHV OLNH it is famous for silk, sandalwood oil and artifacts 665
9LMD\DQDJDU 6UL .ULVhna Devaraya University, of ivory and sandalwood. The city has salubrious
climate throughout the year. It is about 140 kms surrounded by verdurous trees extending to an
south west of Bengaluru, the State capital, and is area of 261 acres. In addition to the main campus,
well connected by rail, road and air. there are three campuses located in Tubinakere
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
near Mandya, Hemagangotri near Hassan and
Vision: To aspire to become a world-class
DW &KDPDUDMDQDJDUD 7KH 7XELQDNHUH FDPSXV
University by tapping human resources from all
near Mandya is known as Sir M. Visvesvaraya
sections of society by offering them opportunities
Postgraduate Centre and is located on the
to learn across disciplines and to build human
Mysuru-Bengaluru highway at a distance of
capital, men and women of character and
about 8 kms from Mandya. The Postgraduate
competence capable of being leaders of tomorrow
Centre at Hemagangotri, Hassan is located
and solving problems arising out of fast changing
near Kenchattahalli village on the Mangaluru-
realities – global and local.
Bengaluru highway at a distance of about 10
Mission: Built on a great legacy inherited from kms from Hassan. Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Post-
our founding fathers, our mission is to create an Graduate Centre of Mysore University is located
environment of stimulating intellectual dialogue DW &KDPDUDMDQDJDU WKH 6RXWKHUQ PRVW GLVWULFW
across disciplines and harvest knowledge with Head quarters of Karnataka State.
a cutting-edge through high quality teaching,
research and extension activities leading to There are 63 PG Departments offering 76
the generation of students who would provide Postgraduate Programmes with more than
leadership, vision and direction to society. 1,20,000 UG, PG, M.Phil, and Ph.D students.
7KHUH DUH DIÀOLDWHG FROOHJHV 5HFRJQL]HG
Goal: The University goal is to realize this vision Research Centers, 157 Outreach/Research
by 2025. The strategy is to develop innovative Centers, 8 training centers, 47 specialized
programmes in basic and emerging disciplines in programmes, 38 Foreign collaborations and 27
a phased manner and to update them periodically National collaborations. Further, there are 11 PG
so as to keep ourselves on track and on time. The Departments with National Research Facilities,
commitment is to involve the faculty and students 14 Chairs, 13 DST-FIST, UGC-SAP funded
in interactive learning environment both within departments and 13 supporting units. Enrollment
and outside the University through contextual of a large number of overseas students from 63
and experimental programmes so that they would FRXQWULHV UHÁHFWV WKH LQWHUQDWLRQDO UHSXWDWLRQ RI
be builders of a worldwide-network of knowledge-
the university.
sharing and excel in their performance with a
winning edge in the wider context of globalization. Major Milestones and Signposts: Ranked
36th (University Category) and 57th (overall
Motto: The motto of the University is well
category) in India Rankings 2017 conducted by
engraved on its emblem: (depicting the bird
NIRF, MHRD, Govt. of India.; Ranked 9th (State
¶*DQGDEKHUXQGD· ÁDQNHG RQ HLWKHU VLGH E\ OLRQ
Universities) and 15th (India Universities) in
elephant Sharaba – a mythical creature believed
India’s Best Universities 2017 survey conducted
to be stronger than lion and the elephant and the
by Hansa-The WEEK National Ranking 2017.;
upholder of righteousness) that “Nothing is equal
8QLYHUVLW\ RI 0\VRUH ZDV WKH ÀUVW 8QLYHUVLW\
to knowledge” (“Na hi Jnanena Sadrisham” - an
in the State that was accredited by National
excerpt from Rigveda) and “I always uphold the
Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) in
truth” (Satyamevod Daharamuaham). Thus the
the year 2000 with Five Stars Status.; Second
greatness of knowledge and the commitment to
cycle of re-accreditation by NAAC in 2006 with
adhere to truth are the ideals, the University is
A+ Level.; Third-time accredited by NAAC with a
pursuing all through its existence and in its path
score of 3.47 on a 4 -point scale at A+ , preparation
of success.
for the 4th cycle of re-accreditation is underway;
Campus: The main campus named Recognized by Govt. of India as an “Institution
´0DQDVDJDQJRWULµ HWHUQDO ÁRZ RI WKH PLQG of Excellence (IOE)” with a grant of Rs.100
– by the Poet-laureate ‘Kuvempu’, the former crores (in 2008); (Recognized as University with
9LFH&KDQFHOORU DQG WKH ÀUVW ¶-QDQDSHHWKD· Potential for Excellence (UPE) in 2009 by UGC
awardee, is located on 739 acres of picturesque with a grant of 50 crores in (2012); Recognized
666
land containing a sprawling Kukkarahalli lake Centre of Excellence in Potential for Excellence
in a Particular Area (CPEPA) and was awarded Education, (4) Law, (5) Science and Technology. The
grant of Rs. 9.5 crores which is being renewed in distinct strength of the University lies in providing
,GHQWLÀHGDVRQHRIWKHWRSXQLYHUVLWLHV high quality teaching and research backed by well
LQ 6FLHQWLÀF SXEOLFDWLRQV DQG ZDV DZDUGHG 5V TXDOLÀHGDQGH[SHULHQFHGWHDFKHUVZLWKDVWURQJ
Crore under PURSE Scheme, and renewed for 2nd focus on Education, Fine Arts, Humanities,
3KDVH LQ DZDUGHG FURUH ,GHQWLÀHG E\ Languages, Law, Physical Education, Pure and
Government of Karnataka (2009) as Innovation Applied Sciences and Social Sciences. Most of the
University; The overall h-index (Web of Science) postgraduate departments are of international
for published research: 42 with 3609 publications repute and known for excellence in research.
since 1986. Some faculty members of the 5HVHDUFK SURMHFWV ZRUWK FURUHV RI UXSHHV KDYH
University have a h-index of 18 and above. been sanctioned to various University departments
by national and international institutions and
Institutional Evolution: The University was
funding agencies. The Department of Science
granted autonomy in 1956. Originally the territorial
and Technology (DST) of the Government of India
MXULVGLFWLRQ RI WKH 8QLYHUVLW\ FRQVLVWHG RI QLQH
has recognized the Department of Studies in
districts of Karnataka State. With the creation
Botany, Bio-Technology, Microbiology, Physics,
of Bangalore University in 1964, Mangalore
Sericulture and Statistics under FIST programme.
University in 1980 and Kuvempu University in
WKHWHUULWRULDOMXULVGLFWLRQRIWKH8QLYHUVLW\ The University Grants Commission (UGC)
RI 0\VRUH LV QRZ FRQÀQHG WR WKH IRXU VRXWKHUQ has recognized the Department of Studies in
GLVWULFWV RI WKH 6WDWH YL] &KDPDUDMDQDJDUD Bio-Chemistry, Bio-Technology, Chemistry,
Hassan, Mandya and Mysuru. Commerce, Computer Science, Earth Science,
Food Science and Nutrition, Journalism and
XL Indian Social Science Congress-2016: The
Mass Communication, Library and Information
Indian Academy of Social Sciences (IASS) in
Science, Mathematics, Physics, Political Science,
association with the University of Mysore, which
Statistics, Zoology and Kuvempu Institute of
celebrated centenary year, organized the 40th
Kannada Studies under the Special Assistance
Session of Indian Social Science Congress from 19-
Programme (SAP). Flexible Choice-Based Credit
EDUCATION AND
23 December 2016 with the focal theme “People’s
System with Continuous Assessment Grading
Health and Quality of Life in India”. The president
SPORTS
Pattern (CBCS-CAGP).
of ISSA, Allahabad Prof. B. M. Hegde inaugurated
the congress. Almost all the chairpersons and In an effort to move towards the complete
conveners of 28 research committees and 21 version of the CBCS-CAGP scheme as emphasized
thematic panels took part in the mega event. by the UGC and to provide greater autonomy, the
More than 5000 social scientists and delegates University has permitted the departments to run
participated in the deliberations of the congress. the programmes under Flexible CBCS-CAGP from
2017-18.
Institution of Excellence: A grant of Rs. 100
crore by Ministry of Human Resource Development University with Potential for Excellence
(MHRD), Government of India elevated the (UPE) : University Grants Commission (UGC
University to the status of Institution of Excellence 3URMHFW KDVVDQFWLRQHG5VFURUHVFRQVLGHULQJ
in the thrust area of Bio-diversity, Bio-prospecting University of Mysore as University with Potential
and Sustainable Development. The Institution of for Excellence (UPE) in the year 2012, for the
Excellence is a prime productive research and SHULRG RI ÀYH \HDUV DQG H[WHQGHG IRU RQH PRUH
Core Instrumentation facility created under the \HDU 7KH SURMHFW SODQQHG LQ WZR GLIIHUHQW DUHDV
University. This houses facilities for NMR, NGS, Focused Area– I: Processing, Characterization &
/&06;5',PDJLQJDQG&HOOFXOWXUHLQ9LMQDQD Applications of Advanced Functional Materials,
Bhavan specially constructed out of this grant. Focused Area–II: Media and Social Development–A
Case study of Karnataka. The following facilities
Academic Programmes: The University of
were established under this scheme-High
Mysore is offering graduate and post-graduate
Performance Computing Environment (HPC),
degree, diploma and Ph.D. programmes. There
Adoption of Green Technology in the University
DUH ÀYH IDFXOWLHV YL] $UWV +XPDQLWLHV DQG
Campus, Centre for Education of Visually
Social Science (2) Commerce and Management, (3) 667
Challenged–Drushtee, Multimedia Learning
Resource Creation Centre (MLRCC), Earn While University Act 1949. It became a statutory
<RX/HDUQ6FKHPH:RUNVKRSV&RQIHUHQFHVDQG 8QLYHUVLW\ RQ VW 0DUFK 7KH MXULVGLFWLRQ
6HPLQDUV &HQWUH IRU 3URÀFLHQF\ 'HYHORSPHQW of the University covers Dharwad, Gadag, Haveri
KARNATAKA
and Uttar Kannada districts. It has several Post
HAND BOOK OF
Upgradation of Printing and Publication Units,
Books and Journals, Sports and Games, Graduate centres. The University (888 acres) is
Strengthening of Department Laboratories and offering courses in the faculties of Arts, Commerce,
Hostels and E-governance. Education, Law, Management, Science and
Technology and Social Sciences. Symbolic of the
Centre for Information Science and
University’s vision and mission the emblem of the
Technology (CIST) : The University of Mysore
University consists of peepal tree at the centre,
has been in the forefront in extending non-formal
an open book. Figures of a bull, a rising sun and
education in Information Technology to the public
the legend ‘Arive Guru’ i.e., Wisdom is Guru,
through CIST, housed in the imposing Senate
implying that both wisdom and knowledge should
Hall complex at Manasagangotri. This is an ISO
be all pervading like the ramifying peepal tree and
&HUWLÀHG &HQWUH &,67 RIIHUV YDULRXV
light up the world with knowledge and eradicate
postgraduate degree, postgraduate diploma illiteracy.
and diploma courses encompassing several
horizons of Information Technology. Students There are 47 PG Departments, 224 teachers
on the campus may acquire and upgrade their and 4500 students (PG, M.Phil., Ph.D.). The
computer skills concurrently with their regular girl students constitute 47 per cent of the
academic programmes, through non-formal total strength. Including PG Diploma, M.Phil
training programmes offered by CIST and thus get and Ph.D. Courses. 6 per cent of the students
themselves equipped to face the challenges of the are from outside the State. To eliminate social
modern world. H[FOXVLRQ DQG SURPRWH VRFLDO MXVWLFH VHDWV DUH
reserved for SC/ST, Cat-I, Minorities, OBC and
Educational Multi-Media Research Centre BC categories in accordance with the policy of the
(EMMRC): The EMMRC was established in 1996
State Government. One seat each is reserved for
as Audio-Visual Research Centre (AVRC). The
WKH FKLOGUHQ RI H[VHUYLFHPHQ IUHHGRP ÀJKWHUV
name AVRC was changed to EMMRC in August
physically challenged and sportsmen. The
2004. This is the only institution of its kind to
University has its own High School (University
be established by the UGC in the entire State of
Public School) since 1964 which meets the
Karnataka. EMMRC produces educational videos
practice requirements of the B.Ed College of
for 24-hour educational television channel and
Karnatak University.
Doordarshan’s National Network DD-1.
There are 5 constituent colleges offering UG and
School of Planning and Architecture:
3*FRXUVHVLQVFLHQFHDUWVFRPPHUFHÀQHDUWV
The School of Planning and Architecture was
law and education. There are 21 hostels in all,
established in the year 2002 and is located in
including a working women’s hostel and ladies
the pristine environment of the Manasagangotri
hostels. These provide residential accommodation
campus which is condusive for the growth and
to 2600 students of UG and PG courses. Over the
promotion of creative and competitive design
ODVW\HDUVWKHQXPEHURIDIÀOLDWHGFROOHJHVKDV
ideas. The School promotes young talents in the
increased from a mere 34 to more than 250.
SURIHVVLRQDO ÀHOG RI $UFKLWHFWXUH DQG 'HVLJQ
The School offers B.Arch, B.Tech(Planning) and The University has 3 PG campuses at Haveri
M.Arch. courses on a regular basis, approved (42 acres). Gadag (32 acres) and Karwar (6
by the Council of Architecture (COA), New Delhi. acres) all of which are district headquarters. All
The curriculum is structured and imparted in an campus are self-contained and are at various
extremely student-friendly manner. A student stages of development. They cater to the needs
graduating at any point is equipped and trained of local people as well as promote specialized
WRKDQGOHSURMHFWVLQGHSHQGHQWO\RUFRXOGZRUNLQ studies. For instance, the course on Pulp and
DQRIÀFHRURUJDQL]DWLRQ Paper Technology run from the premises of
the West Coast Paper Mills, Dandeli (Uttara
Karnatak University : The Bombay legislature
Kannada District). The University provides wide
668 of the erstwhile Bombay Presidency established
options and choices -50 PG Courses, 4 advanced
Karnatak University through the Karnatak
diplomas and 28 diplomas, 11 cerWLÀFDWHFRXUVHV in Russian, German and French languages.
26 M.Phil., and 42 Ph.D. programmes. Most of An International Student Advisor has been
the Departments incorporate interdisciplinary nominated to cater to the needs and problems
components in designing their curricula keeping of the foreign students. The main campus in
in view the emerging thrust areas. During the Pavate Nagar comprsing 750 acres houses 50
ODVW ÀYH \HDUV QHZ WHFKQLFDO FRXUVHV KDYH EHHQ Departments, Central Library. Auditorium,
introduced to compensate the loss of medical and Stadium, Badminton Hall with Gymnasium,
engineering faculties and the consequent loss Employment Information and Guidance Bureau,
of revenue to the University. There are several Students Home, Academic Staff College, Health
VHOI ÀQDQFLQJ FRXUVHV LQFOXGLQJ DQ LQWHJUDWHG Centre, Prasaranga, SC/ST/CAT I/BCM/Cells, 2
course in Master of Tourism Administration, *XHVW+RXVHV%DQNVD3RVW2IÀFHD&DQWHHQ
e-Commerce, M.Com. (Corporate Secretaryship). Printing Press and Museums in Kannada Research
M.Sc. (Applied Genetics). M.Sc. (Biotechnology). Institute Museum and Museum of Animals and
M.Sc. (Computer Science), M.Sc (Microbiology). Plants in addition to a Primary School. Last
MBA (CBCS), MBA (evening programme), MBA <HDU WKH 8QLYHUVLW\ KDV EHHQ DZDUGHG ZLWK WKH
(International Business), MCA, P.G.Diploma coveted ‘University with Potential for Excellence’
in Bank Management, P.G. Diploma in Risk (UPE) by the University Grants Commission
Management and P.G. Diploma in Animation and ZLWK D ÀQDQFLDO DVVLVWDQFH RI 5V FURUHV IRU
Graphics. undertaking research activities and development
of campus amenities. In all, the University provides
7KH8QLYHUVLW\LGHQWLÀHVWKHUHJLRQDOQHHGVDQG
a congenial ambience for advanced learning and
overall development of students of this backward
shaping ones career.
region of North Karnataka. A large number of
students suffer from lack of communication Bangalore University: Bangalore University
skills and opportunities to develop their is located in the Garden City of Bengaluru
personality. The University has considered the aptly hailed as the “I.T. Capital of India”, was
UHJLRQ VSHFLÀF DQG FRPPXQLW\ VSHFLÀF QHHGV established in July 1964 as an off shoot of
and has introduced (a) Computer Applications, the University of Mysore, primarily to include
EDUCATION AND
(b) Environmental problems and Human Rights, institutions of higher learning located in the
SPORTS
(c) Indian Constitution and (d) Development metropolitan city of Bengaluru and the districts
of Communication Skills and personality as of Bengaluru, Kolar and Tumakuru, which
compulsory papers at the UG level Periodic ICT eventually became a separate university. Initially,
workshops are conducted for students and the two premier colleges of the city, the Central
staff (teaching and non-teaching) to equip them College (CC) and the University Visvesvarayya
with the skill to access and utilize electronic College of Engineering (UVCE) formed the
information. The central library is equipped with nucleus of Bangalore University.
WKRXVDQGVRIERRNVRQDOOVXEMHFWV-RXUQDOVDQG
Soon after the establishment of Bangalore
educational CD-ROMs. The University is part of
8QLYHUVLW\ DV D ÀUVW VWHS LQ WKH UHRUJDQL]DWLRQ
the UGC-INFONET which affords access to more
of courses instructions, the University introduced
WKDQHOHFWURQLFMRXUQDOVIRUDGYDQFHGVWXG\
Honours Courses in the year 1965-66. Three
DQGUHVHDUFK$IXOOÁHGJHG&RPSXWHU&HQWUHKDV
year Honour’s courses in Botany, Chemistry,
been set up in the Students Home. All the class
Economics, English, Geology, Kannada,
rooms are equipped with modern teaching and
Mathematics and Zoology which were offered only
learning aids including audio-visuals, slides, OHP
at the University Post Graduate Departments
DQG/&'SURMHFWRUV
have attracted many brilliant students. Honours
For those who are unable to pursue regular UG passed students were admitted to Post Graduate
and PG courses opportunity of higher education Courses on priority and B.A./B.Sc. graduates,
is extended through external and correspondence who marginally missed admission to the Post
modes in the Faculties of Arts, Commerce and Graduate Courses were given an opportunity
Social Sciences. The University has been attracted WR MRLQ WKH ÀQDO \HDU +RQRXUV FRXUVH DQG VHHN
students from various countries like UAE, admission to Post Graduate Courses, thereafter.
Nigeria, South Africa, Bangladesh, Iran, etc. The Since 1964, Bangalore University has grown both
669
Department of Foreign Languages offers courses in size and strength to include a large number
RI DIÀOLDWHG FROOHJHV 3* &HQWHUV ZLWK D ULFK by organizing endowment and extension lectures
diversity of programme options. In consonance apart from bringing out publications on issues of
with this expansion, in 1973, the University moved contemporary relevance through its Prasaranga
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
into a new campus named ‘Jnana Bharathi’ (JB) division.
located on a sprawling 1100 acres of land and
Bangalore University has achieved milestones
shifted many of its post graduate departments to
by establishing MOUs with Universities and
this newly established campus. At present, the JB
Institutions of national and international repute.
&DPSXVKRXVHVWKHRIÀFHRIWKH9LFH&KDQFHOORU
To cater to a student population of over three
5HJLVWUDU 5HJLVWUDU (YDOXDWLRQ )LQDQFH 2IÀFHU
lakhs, the University is striving to provide access,
and a large number of post graduate departments,
expansion and excellence in higher education.
Directorates, Centres of higher learning, NSS
The vision of the University is to make distinctive
Bhavan, Outdoor Stadium and other support
DQGVLJQLÀFDQWFRQWULEXWLRQVWRWKHFDXVHRIKLJKHU
services. The University Law College, started
education in Humanities, Social Science, Law,
in 1948 and The College of Physical Education,
Commerce, Science & Technology. The University
started in 1959 are in the JB Campus.
is providing quality teaching and encouragement
The University has also established Gandhi to research in frontier areas with social relevance
Bhavan, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Study and Research WKDW ZRXOG UHÁHFW LWV PLVVLRQ DQG JRDOV DSWO\
Centre and Centre for Study on Social Exclusion symbolized by its emblem ‘JNANAM VIGNANA
and Inclusive Policy. Bangalore University has SAHITHAM’.
completed Fifty-two years of fruitful existence
and has come to be hailed as one of the largest Facilities : A bio-park has been constructed
universities of Asia. Though originally intended to and in the process, the students have acquired
be a federal university, it has eventually emerged experience in land management for social
DV DQ DIÀOLDWLQJ 8QLYHUVLW\ 7KH 8QLYHUVLW\ ZDV IRUHVWU\ 7KH XQLYHUVLW\ IRU WKH ÀUVW WLPH LQ WKH
ÀUVW DFFUHGLWHG LQ E\ 1$$& ZLWK )LYH 6WDU country, constructed an NSS Bhavan to promote
Status, re-accredited in the years 2008 and Nov. such activities. Faculties of the Civil Engineering,
2016 in 2nd and 3rd Cycles with ‘A’ Grade. Geology, Geography, Mathematics, Zoology,
Botany and Microbiology have been involved in
According to QS University Ranking: making Bio-park a reality. Rain water harvesting
BRICS-2016, an international agency ranked and ground water recharging are a part of Bio
Bangalore University at 151st position amongst park as also aqua culture and ornithology.
BRICS nations. As per Hansa Research Survey
2016 published in THE WEEK-May 29, 2016 The library of the university is located in the
issue, Bangalore University is ranked at No. 15 in JB Campus and City Campus. The JB campus
the Top Multi-disciplinary Universities at All India /LEUDU\ KDV D ÁRRU DUHD RI DERXW VTXDUH
level, at No.9 in the Top State Multi-disciplinary metres and has a collection of 325,000 volumes.
Universities, No.5 in the South Zone and No.1 in It subscribes to 250 national and international
the State of Karnataka. MRXUQDOV DQG PDJD]LQHV QDWLRQDO MRXUQDOV
LQWHUQDWLRQDOMRXUQDOVPDJD]LQHV
Academically, the University is structured
into six faculties- Arts, Science, Commerce & Prasaranga is the publication unit of the
Management, Education, Law and Engineering. university and is located at J.B. Campus. It
It has 48 Post graduate departments, One post SXEOLVKHV WH[W ERRNV XQLYHUVLW\ MRXUQDOV DQG
graduate Centre at Kolar, (started during 1994- periodicals. In the last 30 years it has published
IRXU8QLYHUVLW\FROOHJHVDIÀOLDWHGFROOHJHV 800 textbooks and reference books in English as
and several other Centres and Directorates of well as articles and Monographs in Kannada. The
higher learning and research under its purview. students of the communication department bring
At present, the University offers 50 Post Graduate RXW D QHZV MRXUQDO 7KH DFWLYLWLHV DUH VXSSRUWHG
Courses and Employment Oriented Diploma and by the printing press of the university.
&HUWLÀFDWH&RXUVHV7KH8QLYHUVLW\KDVODXQFKHG
An inter-library exchange facility is available
the Five years Integrated Courses in Biological
between the university and the libraries of other
Sciences.
institutions located at Ahmedabad, Hyderabad,
670
The University is also reaching out to the society Bengaluru etc. The library has been computerized
since 1992. The library provides reprographic (2.4 km 2) of land in the J.B.Campus. Rain Water
facility, computers, audio, video cassette, internet harvesting and Watershed Management are
and INFLIBNET Programme E and inter initiated by the university on the J.B.Campus.
university loan facilities. There is a Health Care The university has also a Robotics and cyber
Centre at J.B. Campus which is manned by two FHQWUH D <RJD FHQWUH DQG D *DQGKLDQ 6WXGLHV
resident doctors; services of visiting specialized centre.
doctors are available. At J.B. Campus there is
Mangalore University: Mangalore University
a gymnasium with facilities for indoor games,
campus at Mangalagangothri, located about 20
basketball Courts, Kho Kho ground and
km to the south-east of the historic coastal town
swimming pool. At the Central College campus
of Mangaluru, sets the tone for the educational
a cricket stadium consisting of turf wicket,
endeavors of the three districts under the
basketball court, volleyball court and lawn tennis MXULVGLFWLRQ RI WKH 8QLYHUVLW\ ,W LV D SLFWXUHVTXH
is available to students. Every year around 45 campus that sprawls over 333 acres, overlooking
inter-collegiate sports competitions are held for WKH FRQÁXHQFH RI WKH ULYHU 1HWKUDYDWKL ZLWK WKH
men and women section. Nearly 100,000 students Arabian Sea on the one side, and the cloud-
IURP DIÀOLDWHG FROOHJHV SDUWLFLSDWH LQ WKHVH capped Western Ghats on the other. It grew
sports events. For inter university tournaments, out of a modest post-graduate centre of the
committees of experts select the Bangalore University of Mysore to become the focal point of
University teams. The students are given an independent University in 1980. The campus,
incentives through scholarships, fellowships which once housed a mere three postgraduate
and fee concessions. They are also provided with GHSDUWPHQWV QRZ KDV WZHQW\ÀYH SRVWJUDGXDWH
placement assistance on the completion of their departments, supported by modern infrastructure
programmes. B.P.Ed. and M.P.Ed. Students and experienced faculty.
get stipend. Sportsmen of the University have
competed at the State, Regional, National and The University campus is a self-contained
International tournament. facility that provides all the essential facilities
and infrastructure for the pursuit of excellence
The University Science Instrumentation Centre in higher education. Among the several central
EDUCATION AND
located at Sneha Bhavan at the J.B. campus facilities at Mangalagangothri, mention may be
SPORTS
looks after the maintenance and servicing of made of the spacious and modern library, the
the instruments of the user departments in the University Science Instrumentation Centre, the
University. USIC also conducts refresher courses Microtron Centre, the Humanities Block, the
for college teachers and training for interested new MBA Block and the cyber cafe. There is an
students. There are welfare programmes initiated impressive administrative building, two guest
by the institutes like subsidized transport houses for visiting dignitaries and faculty, a
facility for the university staff and students, well-equipped health centre, a useful shopping
subsidized canteen facility, free medical aid and complex, two nationalized banks and an ATM
reimbursement of medical expenses including FHQWUH 7KHUH LV D SRVW RIÀFH DQG D WHOHSKRQH
on hospitalization, loan facilities from GPF. The exchange on the campus. The University has
university stands guarantee for house building provided residential quarters for its employees on
loans sanctioned by the HDFC and also all other the campus itself.
nationalized banks and co-operative societies. On the University campus, there are two
There are seven hostels on the J.B. Campus and hostels for men and women, and a hostel for
three on the City campus. There are two men’s working women. Solar water heaters have been
hostels at Tumakuru and Kolar and one Ladies installed in all hostels. There are playgrounds and
hostels at Kolar. Hostel canteens are managed by courts, a modern gymnasium and indoor sports
student prefects. In the City Campus a Grievance facilities. The employees of the University, forming
Cell is attached to the Examination Wing of the themselves into the Vishwamangala Education
University. Through the university’s web-site Society, have been successfully running a primary
school, high school and a Pre-University College
UHGUHVVDORIJULHYDQFHDQGFODULÀFDWLRQRITXHULHV
on the campus. They also manage an employees
pertaining to examinations, can be obtained. The
co-operative society catering to the needs of 671
Bio-Park is a novel idea proposed on the 600 acres
employees and students.
Mangalore University has grown impressively 180 working days in D \HDU LV IXOÀOOHG $ERXW
VLQFH LWV LQFHSWLRQ ZLWK DIÀOLDWHG FROOHJHV 411 scholars are pursuing their doctoral
including two constituent colleges, one at studies and faculty members are engaged
KARNATAKA
Mangaluru and another at Madikeri, taken over in active research along with their teaching
HAND BOOK OF
by the University from Government of Karnataka DVVLJQPHQWV 7KH 8QLYHUVLW\ KDV UHFHLYHG PDMRU
in 1992. The University has established the PG grants from the UGC, DST, Govt. of Karnataka,
Centre, Cauvery campus at Madikeri, which Department of Ocean Development, Department
offers Postgraduate courses in Microbiology and of Electronics, Department of Science and
Biochemistry. Technology, Department of Space, Department of
Biotechnology, Department of Atomic Energy and
The University has taken steps to establish
other nodal agencies. All these have given to the
contacts through exchange of scholars and
University a national and international visibility.
students with universities in USA, UK, Finland,
Japan, Norway, Germany, Spain and other The University has established several
countries. A number of our faculty have been able HQGRZPHQW FKDLUV ZLWK WKH REMHFWLYH RI HQDEOLQJ
to get fellowships and visit various universities studies on the development achieved in areas
to carry out their postdoctoral work. They have such as bank management, yoga, ayurveda,
been on research assignments with assistance kanakadasa studies, sanskrit literature, literary
from Commonwealth, Humboldt, Rotary, Agatha criticism, christianity, rural development, ecology
Harrison Memorial, Rockefeller and Macarthur and environment, tulu language, literature, culture
fellowships. The University has thus taken steps DQGYLVXDOÀQHDUWV'U$PEHGNDU6WXG\&HQWUH
WREHQHÀWIURPWKHFXUUHQWWUHQGRIJOREDOL]DWLRQ .DQDNDGDVD $GK\D\DQD 3HHWKD <DNVKDJDQD
Study Centre and Ambigara Chowdayya Peetha
7KH8QLYHUVLW\LVDPDMRUFHQWUHIRUWKHVWXG\RI
work towards an in-depth study of philosophy and
HFRORJ\ DQG HQYLURQPHQW 6RPH RI WKH DIÀOLDWHG
its relevance to the present time. The endowment
colleges of the University have direct institutional
chairs of the University have helped to strengthen
linkages with reputed national and international
the University’s links with society.
institutions of learning. Many new courses of
VWXG\ KDYH EHHQ LQWURGXFHG IRU WKH ÀUVW WLPH Under-graduate and post-graduate courses in
LQ WKH FRXQWU\ 7KH 8QLYHUVLW\ ZDV WKH ÀUVW WR the distance education mode have been introduced
start undergraduate programmes such as Hotel IRU WKH EHQHÀW RI VWXGHQWV 7KH SURJUDPPH ZLOO
Management, Human Resource Development, promote higher education through non-formal
)DVKLRQ 'HVLJQ DQG <RJLF 6FLHQFHV $OO WKHVH means through the distance education mode.
courses have attracted students from other parts The rational of the distance education mode is
of the country and abroad. to make learning accessible for those who, for
YDULRXV UHDVRQV FDQQRW DYDLO RI WKH EHQHÀW RI
The University has computerized its
regular courses.
DGPLQLVWUDWLYH RIÀFHV LQ RUGHU WR VSHHG XS
the administrative process. All postgraduate A new health and accident insurance scheme
departments have been provided with Computers, KDV EHHQ LQWURGXFHG UHFHQWO\ IRU WKH EHQHÀW RI
Internet facility and Centrax telephones. The VWXGHQWV7KHVFKHPHZLOOSURYLGHÀQDQFLDOEHQHÀW
computerization of the examination section to those who may be unfortunately involved in
has facilitated the holding of examinations accidents and who have to be provided with
on schedule and the timely announcement of medical assistance. An IAS/IPS coaching centre
results. A University website has been created, has been started for Scheduled Caste/Scheduled
which holds the database of all the colleges and Tribe and other backward class students, with
postgraduate departments. Application forms to help from the Union Ministry of Social Justice and
various courses and results of admissions and Empowerment. These innovative schemes have
examinations are also available on the University given a new dimension to the University’s efforts
website. to make the educational experience secure and
meaningful to its students.
All in all, Mangalore University presents the
very picture of order and discipline: academic By entering into academic liaison with eminent
programmes are run on schedule, examinations scholars and centers of learning, the University
672
are conducted on time, and the UGC norm of has won for itself a respectable place on the
educational map of India. The University is also citation database of peer-reviewed literature and
proud of the fact its alumni occupy responsible quality web sources. Mangalore University stands
positions in the country and abroad. In the last 24th among the top 50 institutes of higher learning
IHZ\HDUVPDMRUFKDQJHVKDYHEHHQWDNLQJSODFH in the country.
in the University area. In this scenario of sweeping
The university has internationally recognised
change, Mangalore University looks forward to
national research centres like the Microtron,
playing the role of a participant in and a facilitator
Centre for Application of Radioisotope and
of such change and guiding this process towards
Radiation Technology (CARRT), Centre
ends that are commensurate with its goals and
for Advanced Research in Environmental
mission.
Radioactivity (CARER), Ocean and Atmospheric
Over the past 36 years, Mangalore University Science and Technology Cell (OASTC).
has grown in stature and is today recognised as Sophisticated research equipments are also
one of the premier Universities in the country housed in the USIC and PURSE labs on the
accredited by NAAC with ‘A’ grade. With a mere 4 campus. Many departments and faculty also
departments to begin with on the campus today have good equipments in their research labs too.
our University has 26 Departments offering 37 PG
A Research and Consultancy Promotion
programmes, 29 Ph.D programmes and over 210
Cell (RCPC) has been constituted to promote
FROOHJHVDUHDIÀOLDWHGWRWKH8QLYHUVLW\
and strengthen research programmes of our
The University is known for conducting its University. It is also felt that the consultancy
academic programmes and examinations as per programmes needs to be strengthened to
schedule. The credit based semester system at the encourage the faculty to work in collaboration with
undergraduate level and the choice based credit industries and institutions in the area of their
system for the two year (four semesters) Master’s expertise. University-Industry interactions are
degree programme are working well. strengthened and the University proposes to start
skill development programmes in collaboration
Adequate infrastructure is always a priority
with industries.
for the University. The basic facilities available
EDUCATION AND
on the campus include Administrative Building, The University Library has an extensive collection
SPORTS
Faculty buildings, Library, Student Hostels, RIRYHU/DNKERRNVDQG MRXUQDOVUHTXLUHGIRU
Staff Quarters, Guest House, a well-equipped teaching and research. It is also connected with
outpatient health centre, and sports facilities UGC-Infonet for e-resources. Anti-plagiarism
including a 400 metre track and Indoor Games software has been installed in the library to curtail
Complex. The Mangala Auditorium with the stat- SODJLDULVP XQGHU WKH 6KRGD*DQJD SURMHFW 7KH
RIWKHDUW IDFLOLWLHV LV DYDLODEOH IRU DOO WKH PDMRU University has developed a new dynamic and
and mega events. The University has its own water interactive web-portal with information kiosks
supply arrangement on the campus. Among other and displays. A vermin-compost unit is being set
facilities Banking, Cyber Cafe, INFLIBNET and up for waste management on the campus. Steps
Postal and Communication facilities are included. are taken for utilizing the waste water through
The 1GBps internet connectivity of the University water treatment plant. Rainwater harvesting has
has been now extended to all the students and DOVR EHHQ DGRSWHG %HDXWLÀFDWLRQ RI WKH FDPSXV
faculty 24X7 using Wi-Fi technology. All University is going on through landscaping and renovation
RIÀFHV DUH FRPSXWHULVHG DQG WKH 8QLYHUVLW\ LV of buildings.
adopting e-governance initiatives. All faculty CCTV cameras are being installed on the
members are given laptops to help them in campus for providing safe and secure environs
teaching and research activities. to the students and other stakeholders. New
The teaching faculty have rendered themselves media centre is opened in the Kaveri guest
creditably in teaching and research activities. house. University is also encouraging extension
Mangalore University has been ranked number activities through village adoption programmes to
two in Chemical Science research at national level strengthen the linkage with society.
and number one in International collaboration
It is proposed to start a world class Centre for 673
by SCOPUS, which is the largest abstract and
$GYDQFHG 6FLHQWLÀF 5HVHDUFK DW %HODSX 8GXSL
District and also to introduce more postgraduate departments and 4 post-graduate centres located
programmes at the new P.G.Centre, Chikka at Krishnadevarayanagar, Ballari, Raichur
Aluvara, Kodagu District. The University proposes and Bidar. Another post-graduate centre at
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
to establish Innovation Facilitation Centre with Basavakalyan is on the anvil. The University
the help of NRDC. The University maintains a enrols about 3500 students every year for various
close liaison with the public of the coastal region post-graduate, M.Phil. and Ph.D. programmes in
and Kodagu through meaningful programmes various disciplines. There are about 160 faculty
including University-Industry interaction, members and about 700 technical and non-
extension activities through NSS and various technical supporting staff. There are 305 colleges
Endowment Chairs and Study Centres. The DIÀOLDWHGWRWKLV8QLYHUVLW\ZKLFKHQUROJUDGXDWH
“Swachh Bharath” programme is being carried GLSORPD FRXUVHV LQ DUWV ÀQH DUWV PXVLF VRFLDO
out very effectively involving the NGOs and the sciences, science & technology, commerce,
local people. education and law.
The constituent colleges University College at The Logo Statement “Vidyeye Amrutha”
Mangalore and FMKMC College at Madikeri are translates as “Education is Nector” and conveys
doing well and are accredited with A grade by the spirit of Gulbarga University which is catering
NAAC. They offer both UG as well as few PG to the needs of Hyderabad - Karnataka region.
programmes as per the regional needs of the The starting of this University comes to our
society. The International Study centre is doing people as “Nector”. Hence this logo symbolises the
well and the University has been able to attract endeavour of the University in its prime focus of
many International students for PG and Research imparting higher education for the development
programmes. of this region.
The University provides scholarships for Vision: Excellence in higher education,
meritorious students. There are other endowment empowerment through knowledge, inclusive
scholarships for meritorious but poor students. growth for socio-economic transformation and
In addition to this, the University has introduced sustainable development.
sports scholarships for talented sports persons.
Mission: To equip students with relevant
Incentives are also provided to sports persons who
knowledge, competence and creativity to face global
create new records and who win individual medals
challenges.; To achieve innovations in teaching-
at the Inter University competitions. Mangalore
learning, research and extension activities to
University received Indira Gandhi National
realize national goals.; To facilitate optimum use
Service Scheme Best University Award 2013-14
of human and natural resources for sustainable
from the President of India. Also the University
development.; To promote participation of all the
has produced some national level athletes, who
stakeholders in the development of the University
have won laurels at the national level.
and the region.; To empower students through
The processes of Admissions and Examinations inclusive growth.; To adopt and promote the
are fully computerised. The University provides a knowledge output for human development.; To
safe and peaceful environment that is conducive create awareness of human rights, value system,
to learning with the active support of students, culture, heritage and environment.
faculty, administrative staff and the University
*XOEDUJD 8QLYHUVLW\ KDV WKH MXULVGLFWLRQ RYHU
authorities.
four districts viz. Bidar, Kalaburagi, Raichur and
Gulbarga University: Gulbarga University <DGJLU /RRNHG XSRQ DV DQ RDVLV RI NQRZOHGJH
was established in 1980 by an Act of Karnataka wisdom and learning, research and extension
6WDWH,WVMXULVGLFWLRQH[WHQGVWRWKHÀYHGLVWULFWV in an otherwise backward or barren region of
of Kalaburagi, Bidar, Raichur, Ballari and Hyderabad Karnataka, it has emerged as a
Koppal of Hyderabad-Karnataka. Earlier it was harbinger of positive social transformation, an
a post-graduate centre of Karnataka University, instrument of progress, and a vehicle of inclusive
Dharwad since 1970. The main campus is and sustainable growth. Guided by its vision of
excellence in higher education, empowerment
674 situated on a 860 acres of land, 6 kilo meters
east of Kalaburagi city. It has 38 post-graduate through knowledge, inclusive growth for socio-
economic transformation and sustainable after destination for an academically enriching
development and wedded to the mission of equity, and intellectually rewarding experience, the twin
MXVWLFHKDUPRQ\DQGSURJUHVVWKH8QLYHUVLW\KDV EHQHÀWV WKDW WUXH HGXFDWLRQ DQG IRU WKDW PDWWHU
far exceeded the benchmark it had set for itself through education an ideal University stands and
to achieve at its inception and the expectations of strives for.
those who were instrumental in its establishment.
“Vidyaye Amrutha’’ Conveys the spirit of the
The University has a sprawling green campus of University. The University Prospectus provides
860 acres, blessed and bestowed with vegetation information regarding the teaching, research and
and water, only a few campuses can dream of. The developmental activities in the University for the
University in its course of meaningful existence EHQHÀWRIVWXGHQWFRPPXQLW\
and steady growth during the last thirty two
years has carved a niche for itself in the world of Kuvempu University: Kuvempu University an
learning on the one hand and world of science and DIÀOLDWLQJ 8QLYHUVLW\ HVWDEOLVKHG LQ ,W LV D
literature on the other. The research that is being State University recognized by UGC under 2(f)
carried out in all the disciplines is in the frontier and 12(b). The University has been named after
and applied areas of their respective domains, great Kannada writer Shri KUVEMPU and has
representing what is known as the cutting edge DFKLHYHG D GLVWLQFWLYH DFDGHPLF SURÀOH DQG D
of horizon of knowledge. At the same time, the cultural identity of its own. Interestingly, the
extension engaged in by us has enabled us to take features of its identity seem to have emerged out
the campus to the community and put knowledge, of the multifaceted personality of Kuvempu, the
scholarship and wisdom available with us to meet great doyen of Kannada literature, a Jnanapitha
the immediate needs of the community around DZDUGHH DQG RQH DPRQJ WKH PRVW VLJQLÀFDQW
and tackle the problems of society at large and FXOWXUDOÀJXUHVRImodern India.
thereby make its positive presence felt by the .XYHPSX8QLYHUVLW\LVDFRQÁXHQFHRIWKHORFDO
people who come in our contact. Establishment of and the global; of the regional and the pan-Indian;
the PG Department of Environment studies, Bio of the sustenance provided by tradition and the
Diesel Park, laid on hundred acres with Bio Diesel dynamism provided by modernity; of a deep sense
EDUCATION AND
production plant, a Vermi Compost unit which is of commitment to the socially and culturally
SPORTS
already operational, proposed establishment of disadvantaged and an equally deep commitment
International Institute for Food, Energy and Water to excellence. The emblem of the university has
Security, that could be termed as monumental in a mythical animal with the trunk of an elephant
scale and impact for which an IMOU has been and the body of a swan. This mythical animal,
signed with the Colorado State University, USA FDOOHG *DMDKDPVD LV FRPPRQO\ IRXQG LQ WKH
last December 2011. MOU with universities of 9LMD\DQDJDUDDQGWKH.HODGLVFXOSWXUHDQGWHPSOH
European Commission under Erasmus Mundus art. It symbolizes the integration of knowledge
6YDJDWD DQG )86,21 3URMHFW ,028 DW :RUOG DQG ZHDOWK 7KH MXULVGLFWLRQ RI WKH XQLYHUVLW\
Bio-diversity Congress, Thailand are some of the spreads over the districts of Shivamogga and
landmarks that the University is proud of. In Chikkamagaluru. It is a university with a distinctive
terms of infrastructure and facility, the University DFDGHPLF SURÀOH EOHQGLQJ LQ LWVHOI FRPPLWPHQW
is way ahead of its contemporaries and on par to rural ethos in modern spirit. The university
with the oldest of the Universities in the State. offers under-graduate, post- graduate and Ph.D
Academic, residential, sports and recreation programmes in a wide range of disciplines. It has
structures and central facilities like Library, 35 Post-graduate Departments in the Faculties
Hostels, USIC, Health Centre, Computer Centre, of Arts, Commerce, Education, and Science and
Language Lab, Multimedia Production Centre are Technology. The University has its headquarters
housed and equipped good enough to be called at Jnana Sahyadri campus. It sprawls over an
the state of the art. The human resources and area of 230 acres of a lush green, picturesque
research output of the departments is enviable by locale providing the right ambience for higher
any standard, owing to which it is being looked education. The main buildings of the university
upon as the most fertile breeding ground for pure have been constructed on small hillocks, thus
knowledge and applied research. Owing to these blending naturally with the landscape. The entire 675
traits, the University is looked upon as a sought campus area is free from any form of pollution.
The undisturbed and pleasant atmosphere on the FRXUVHV7KHREMHFWLYHLVWRWDNHTXDOLW\HGXFDWLRQ
campus makes it ideally suited for the pursuit of to the doorsteps of the aspirants of higher
higher education and research. education.
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
:LWKWKHREMHFWLYHRISURYLGLQJKLJKHUHGXFDWLRQ Prasaranga, the publication and extension wing
to rural youth, Kuvempu University established a of the University, plays a key role in disseminating
Post-graduate Centre at Basavanagara, Kadur. It is knowledge and in building a bridge between the
spread over 65 acres near Shivamogga-Bengaluru academic world and the society at large. The
highway and 7 kms away from Kadur town. Four varied activities of the Prasaranga are mainly of
courses are offered here; M.Com, MA Economics, three kinds viz., extension lectures, publication of
M.Sc. Chemistry and M.Sc. Pharmaceutical books and publication of university newsletter.
Chemistry. It has separate hostels for boys and
girls. The Keladi museum is a unique museum of
manuscripts, sculptures and paintings which also
To further promote the motto, “Quality Education houses a publication wing. The museum houses
for all” and to encourage rural students in about 2,500 palm leaf manuscripts, thousands of
seeking admission to Postgraduate programmes, paper manuscripts written in Kannada, Sanskrit
University has started one more centre at and Telugu scripts, besides four hundred palm
Chikkamagaluru. Four courses are offered here: leaf manuscripts in Tigalari script. It provides
M.Com, MA Kannada, M.A. Political Science and facilities to scholars for research.
M.Sc. Mathematics.
Kuvempu University-Directorate of Distance
7KH8QLYHUVLW\KDV DIÀOLDWHGFROOHJHV7KHVH Education: Offering higher education through
include 3 constituent colleges, 30 Government Distance Mode is MBA Block – Tolhunse another
aided colleges, 65 Unaided private colleges, important step taken by Kuvempu University so
and one college under the direct control of the as to help student community in their zeal for
University, spread over the two districts offering pursuing Post - Graduate studies. The necessity of
Under-Graduate and Post-Graduate Programmes. this was felt by the University when larger number
Among them, 18 colleges offer B.Ed programme; of students, who wanted seats for P.G. Studies,
35 colleges have been assessed and accredited by could not be accommodated in our regular P.G.
NAAC; and 47 colleges are admitted to 2(f) and Programmes. The University believes that Distance
12(b). Education is an equally good avenue to be made
Sahyadri Arts College, Sahyadri Commerce available to interested students. The Degrees
and Management College and Sahyadri Science offered by the Directorate of Distance Education
College (Autonomous), the erstwhile government are equivalent to that of regular degrees. The DDE
institutions, are now the constituent colleges is offering a total number of 40 courses directly
in various faculties at the U.G., P.G. and Diploma
of Kuvempu University. These colleges have
levels.
contributed illustrious persons to every important
ÀHOG $PRQJ WKH FHOHEULWLHV ZKR DUH WKH DOXPQL In the year 2003-04, a total of 5614 and in
of the colleges are Dr. U. R. Ananthamurthy, 2004-05, a total of 9800 and in 2005 - 06, a total
Jnanapitha awardee; Prof. C. N. R. Rao, eminent of 15000 students took admission to the various
Scientist and Bharatha Ratna awardee; Sri. courses offered through the DDE and have
K. V. Subbanna, Magsaysay awardee; and Sri. EHHQ WRWDOO\ VDWLVÀHG ZLWK WKH FRXUVHV FRXUVH
D. H. Shankaramurthy, Speaker of Legislative material, counseling/orientation programmes
Council and former Minister of Higher Education, and practicals conducted in the university and its
Government of Karnataka. Both the colleges have various study centres.
been recognized as Colleges with Potential for
The previous year’s exams were conducted on
Excellence by the University Grants Commission.
time and the results were given soon after the
Sahyadri Colleges are celebrating Platinum
exams to help the students get placements of
Jubilee. To foster university-society relationship
their choice. The DDE is also offering a number of
with the motto, Education for All, the Directorate
needs based Post Graduate and Diploma courses
of Distance Education of the university is offering
676 in collaboration with various reputed institutions.
under-graduate, post-graduate and P.G Diploma
The Distance Education programmes are also
a part of the University’s outreach programmes 'LVWULFW 9LMD\DQDJDUD .LQJGRP KDV EHHQ WKH
to foster University-Society relationship with icon of Kannada identity and has inspired the
the motto of “Education for All”, to take quality .DUQDWDNDXQLÀFDWLRQPRYHPHQW,QRWKHUZRUGV
education to the doorsteps of desirous individuals +DPSL LV V\PEROLFDOO\ UHSUHVHQWLQJ WKH XQLÀHG
who want to take up higher education, for the Karnataka. Besides, Hampi is the treasure house
discontinued who could not take up regular of Indian Architecture and has been recognized by
education, housewives and employees who want UNESCO as a World Heritage Center. Founders
to improve and enhance their knowledge. The RI .DQQDGD 8QLYHUVLW\ ZHUH QRW RQO\ VSHFLÀF
8QLYHUVLW\ ÀUPO\ EHOLHYHV WKDW HGXFDWLRQ DQG about the location of the university; they had the
seeking knowledge is a life long learning concept. intention of establishing a unique university –
unique in terms of purpose, in terms of language,
Kannada University : Kannada University is
located near Hampi, an historical place. The very LQWHUPVRIGHÀQLWLRQRINQRZOHGJHDQGLQWHUPV
name HAMPI evokes mythological and historical RIMXULVGLFWLRQ
memories. People lived here since the Stone-age 7KH SULPDU\ REMHFWLYH RI WKH 8QLYHUVLW\ LV WR
as it is evident in the cave paintings left here by conduct multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary
the Stone-age people for posterity. Historically research on various aspects of Karnataka and
this place has been the abode of many religions – Kannada. Other universities produce and impart
Buddhism, Jainism, Veerashaivism, Vaishnavism, knowledge in English and this has created a gap
Islam and many popular religious cults like between universities and society. In order to bridge
Huligemma cult, Galemma cult, Mylaralinga cult, this gap university initially produced knowledge in
Balabasava cult which exist to this day. This has Kannada. However later on University understood
been an important place for many kingdoms like that it is not simply a problem of language; rather
Hoysalas, Sindhs, Kapilas, not to speak of the it is much more complex issue involving theories,
9LMD\DQDJDUDNLQJGRPZKLFKRULJLQDWHGKHUHDQG methods, concepts and research communities. In
reigned over most part of South India for more WKHSURFHVVQRZZHGRQRWFRQÀQHRXUGHÀQLWLRQ
WKDQWKUHHFHQWXULHV9LMD\DQDJDUD.LQJGRPKDV RI NQRZOHGJH WR WKH GHÀQLWLRQ JLYHQ E\ VFLHQFH
also been the icon of Kannada identity and has We have expanded it to take into account the
EDUCATION AND
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V\PEROLFDOO\ UHSUHVHQWLQJ XQLÀHG .DUQDWDND knowledge found in our own and other cultures.
Hampi has also been the abode of many a well- University doesn’t have a regional and disciplinary
known Kannada poets like Harihara, Raghavanka, MXULVGLFWLRQXQOLNHRWKHUXQLYHUVLWLHV,WVUHVHDUFK
Kumaravyasa and Purandaradasa. Hampi is the programs break the disciplinary boundaries to
treasure house of Indian architecture and has create new grounds in knowledge production.
been recognized by UNESCO as a World Heritage All these special features of the university are
Center. represented in the below given vision, mission and
Kannada University is established through value framework of the university.
the Kannada University Act, 1991. University Vision of the University: To be a premiere
is located in Hampi. Hampi is an important institute in the world specializing in Karnataka
KLVWRULFDOVLWHEHORQJLQJWR9LMD\DQDJDUD.LQJGRP Studies.; To Produce and disseminate all
and is situated in Hosapete Taluk of Ballari knowledge in Kannada.; To explore the diverse
ethos and culture of Karnataka and sustain it as
a pluralistic society.
Mission Statement: To promote multi-
disciplinary research in Kannada on culture,
society, economy and polity; To make research
materials (both discursive as well as material)
available to scholars of Karnataka Studies.; To
study the linguistic (textual, oral, performative
and discursive) practices of the society in general
and marginalized communities in particular.; To 677
identify multiple knowledge systems with which with the Vice Chancellor, teachers, members
the communities operate and theorize them.; of the Syndicate, students, administrative and
To discover, decipher and preserve manuscripts service staff, and some others interested in the
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
inscribed on leaves, stone and on other materials.; Progress of the University, the kind of idealism
To develop theory, method, concept and language and vision with which the University was planned
to meet the research practices of Kannada and given shape. About the last, the members
research community.; To train and promote the RI WKH 3HHU 7HDP NHSW LQ PLQG WKH REMHFWLYHV RI
spirit of multi-disciplinary research practices the University as spelled out in the Kannada
among the students.; To critically examine Vishwavidyalaya Adhiniyama (Karnataka Act 23
and make viable the agricultural, business and of 1991) on the basis of which the University was
other livelihood practices of the communities; To established, with Dr. Chandrashekhara Kambara
establish academic and community linkages to DVWKH6SHFLDO2IÀFHUODWHUDSSRLQWHGWKHÀUVW9LFH
take the knowledge to society and to bring back the Chancellor of the new University. Dr. Kambar gave
knowledge underlining their practices.; To make GHÀQLWHGLUHFWLRQVLQZKLFKWKH8QLYHUVLW\ZDVWR
available research/knowledge in Kannada to both grow and progress and his successor Dr. Kalburgi
academics and those who are interested through translated many of his dreams into reality. The
publications, databases and web services.; To be present Vice Chancellor, Dr. Lakkappa Gowda is
a platform for scholars of other institutions who continuing and expanding their work with verve
are working in the thrust areas recognized by the and tenacity, further elaborating the dream.
university.
7KH2EMHFWLYHVZHUHFOHDUO\VSHOWRXWLQ&KDSWHU
Value Framework: Sustaining plurality in ,, RI WKH VDLG $FW 7KH $FW HQMRLQHG WKDW WKLV
idea production.; Encouraging the habit of University: “should functions as a high level
questioning.; Inculcating the spirit of secularism; research center in Kannada Language and
Promoting harmony of nature and culture. Literature”. Further, it is to impart training to
those desirous of studying Kannada Language
On receiving the Self-Study Report submitted
and Literature. In addition, it has “to facilitate
by Kannada University, Hampi (Karnataka)
and regulate advanced study and research
expressing its desire to be assessed and accredited
LQ ÀHOGV OLNH $UW $UFKHRORJ\ $UFKLWHFWXUH
by NAAC, the latter constituted a team of Peers
Literature, Grammar, Linguistics, Epigraphy,
consisting of Prof. Pabitra Bushan Sarkar, Vice-
History, Religion, Philosophy, Geography, Earth
chairman, West Bengal State Council for Higher
Sciences, Astronomy, Ayurveda, Siddha Medicine,
Education, Kolkata and Former Vice-chancellor,
Handicraft, Engineering Sciences and any other
Rabindra Bharathi University, Kolkata as
Science that have developed in Kannada Language
Chairman and Prof. J.M. Naidu, Former Registrar
and Literature”.
and Professor of Anthropology, Andhra University,
Vishakapatnam, Prof. K. Paddayya, Professor of :HQHHGQRWTXRWHIURPWKH$FWDOOWKHREMHFWLYH
Geo-Archaeology, Deccan College, Puna, Prof. B.S. enlisted in the same chapter to understand the
Sharma, Head, Dept. of Visual Arts, Banasthali unique nature of the Institution. A look at how
9LG\DSHHWKD 5DMDVWKDQ DQG 3URI . 1DJDUDM LW KDV HYROYHG LQ DERXW D GHFDGH LV VXIÀFLHQW WR
Department of Economics, Madras Institute reinforce that understanding. Located in a spacious
of Development Studies, Chennai as members and attractive natural setting at Hampi, a place,
visited the University from January 29th-February which, inspite of its economic backwardness
1st 2003. The visit was co-ordinate by Mr. B.S. today, still retains the memory of the high glory of
Madhukar, Deputy Adviser, NAAC. The following WKH9LMD\DQDJDUD.LQJGRPZKRVHUHOLFVDUHIRXQG
are the observations made by the Team after a everywhere in the locality. It was only appropriate
visit and examination of the facilities prevailing at WKDWVXFKD8QLYHUVLW\ZRXOGKDYH+DPSLDPDMRU
the University. base of Kannada culture, as its seat. By making
Hampi the location of the new University, its
Our examination of the Self-Study Report of
founding fathers also sought, it seems, to bring
Kannada University presented in three parts gives
into focus the cultural importance of the North
only a partial idea of its uniqueness until we visited
Karnataka region, which has, in the course of
it in person and saw with our own eyes its physical
678 history, lost out to its southern counterpart in
environments and felt, after holding discussions
terms of economic development.
There have of course been universities before In a country like ours, the past co-exists with the
which focused on a single language and culture, present, and the future, in its turn, is shaped
In contra distinction to them, Kannada University, by both. When the institutes categorizes the
the Peer Team feels, is the one which has resisted departments in terms of such time segments,
the temptation to become a conventional University the institutes does that only for convenience’s
in order to accommodate a huge load of teaching sake. Departments of Manuscriptology, Folklore
programme, admitting hundreds of students Studies, History, Archaeology, Epigraphy and
seeking conventional degrees. Its emphasis on that of Sculpture in its component of Iconography
research and production of knowledge continues KDYH WKH 3DVW DV WKHLU PDMRU DUHD RI DWWHQWLRQ
unhampered. The university is placed far away while other look at the present status of the region
from the humdrum of urban existence, on a and its people from a developmental point of view,
hilly terrain that provides an ideal milieu for which covers language, literature, women, tribal
undisturbed intellectual pursuits. Beginning its communities, Dalits etc. The institutes thinks
academic function in 1992, it has so far been VXFKMXGLFLRXVFKRLFHLVWREHPDLQWDLQHGLQWKH
able to establish four faculties comprising of 16 University’s future plans for adding departments
departments in all, every one of them engaged in and chairs.
vigorous research activity. The Faculty of Language
The institutes as a Peer team, faces a peculiar
consists of the departments of Kannada Language
kind of dilemma when it comes to assess and
and Literature, Kannada Language, Dravidian
accredit such a monolingual, regionally focused
Cultural Studies, Translation, Manuscriptology
and research-oriented University. The component
and Women Studies. The Faculty of Fine Arts
of teaching learning transaction is much less here
has departments of Sculpture and Iconography,
compared to other conventional universities. Only
Painting and other Visual Arts and the Department
the departments of Music and those in Visual Arts
of Music and Dance. Whereas the departments
impart some teaching and training to a handful of
Folklore Studies, History, Archaeology, Epigraphy,
learners. And the distance education programme,
Tribal Studies, Anthropology and Developmental
of course, has a large component of teaching.
Studies Constitute the Social Science Faculty
This year, in addition, a new course of integrated
EDUCATION AND
of these, as we found out, the Department of
M. A. Ph.D has been introduced which will have
SPORTS
Anthropology is not functioning now due to the lack
regular semesters of teaching, leading to research.
RITXDOLÀHGWHDFKHUVDQGRWKHUVFRQVWUDLQWVDQG
$V RI QRZ KRZHYHU WHDFKLQJ LV QRW D PDMRU
the component of Dance is still to be introduced
responsibility with the teachers, who are engaged
in the Music and Dance Department. Such
in almost breathless research activity. This has
developmental setbacks often take place when the
been further highlighted by the comparative young
nature of university is unusual and further, it is
age of the University. It has, covered a lot, given
situated far away from large city-centers.
the short time in which it had at its disposal. Here
Apart from these regular departments, there are is an institution, then, where the regular norms of
four Chairs instituted by the University for well- NAAC evaluation cannot be applied mechanically,
GHÀQHG DQG VSHFLÀHG VWXGLHV LQ 'DOLW &XOWXUH DQGKDYHWREHVXLWDEO\DGMXVWHGWRWKHGLVWLQFWLYH
6KDQWDYHUL *RSDOJRZGD 6KDPED MRVKL DQG nature of the Institution. Keeping this in view,
Purandar Dasa. The Self-Assessment Report of the institutes proceeds to make the following
the University states that it would like to establish VWDWHPHQWVÀUVWDVJHQHUDOHYDOXDWRUREVHUYDWLRQV
three more departments and seven more chairs, on the strengths of the University and the likely
widening the scope of area study and research. pitfalls it may have to guard against; and then as
criterion-wise comments.
In doing so, the University has been able to
build itself up as a unique center of research in An institution of this nature has to guard
Kannada Language as was envisioned in the Act against isolationism, fragmentation and a loss of
that lead to its establishment. It has a balanced focus in academic matters. While the emphasis
emphasis on both the past and present issues of on Kannada is understandable, it should not
the region. It hastens to add that it do not consider become and end in itself. The University should
past, present and future are fully segmented and bear in mind the multicultural context in
679
distant entities with no impact on one another. which it operates. Networking with institutions
of higher learning both within the state and and given thatLWKDVGRQHDFRPPHQGDEOHMRELQ
outside, spreading out in terms of research and such a short time on a rather restricted budget,
dissemination in languages other than Kannada to expect that it will raise internal resources on
KARNATAKA
DVLJQLÀFDQWVFDOHLQRUGHUWRPDLQWDLQDQGEXLOG
HAND BOOK OF
(including English) would be essential to guard
against the isolation. As far as fragmentation upon its admirable record, the institute believes,
in academic pursuits is concerned the will be totally unrealistic. The institute appreciate
University has to institute certain measures for what it has achieved so far along these lines,
consolidation. Certain departments, for example, including the initiative taken by the present
may be merged to provide better and more cogent Vice Chancellor in collection MP local area
research orientation. The department of History, development funds. However, the institute feels
Archaeology, Epigraphy could work in union; so strongly that it is the State that has established
could the departments of Tribal Studies, Folklore, LW ZLWK D GHÀQLWH PLVVLRQ DQG SKLORVRSK\ DQG
Anthropology, Kannada Language and Literature LW LV WKH 6WDWH WKDW VKRXOG EHDU E\ IDU WKH PDMRU
responsibility of maintaining and nurturing this
and Kannada Language Development.
GLVWLQFWLYHLQVWLWXWLRQZLWKVXIÀFLHQWÀQDQFLDODQG
7KLUGO\ WKH HPSKDVLV RQ VKRUWWHUP SURMHFWV other support.
runs the risk of attempted empiricism with
Academic: Larger consolidated research
LQVXIÀFLHQW WKHRUHWLFDO JURXQGEDVH /DUJH ORQJ
programs involving a number of faculty
WHUPUHVHDUFKSURMHFWVWKDWDUHPXOWLGLVFLSOLQDU\
members, students and departments and are
in character involving more than one department
interdisciplinary in nature should be attempted.;
of school would have to be planned to guard
In order to avoid fragmentation and loss of
DJDLQVWVXFKSRVVLELOLWLHV)RUH[DPSOHDSURMHFW
focus in academic qualities a comprehensive
RQPDQXVFULSWLOOXVWUDWLRQVFDQEHMRLQWO\WDFNOHG reorganizing the departments/programs with
by the departments of Manuscriptology and Fine analysis on consolidation. Each School/Faculty
$UWV 3DLQWLQJ 'XSOLFDWLRQRISURMHFWVLQYDULRXV should prepare position papers identifying
departments should be avoided. gaps in research and has to provide a roster of
,Q FHUWDLQ ÀHOGV LQIUDVWUXFWXUH QHHGV researchable issues.; Comprehensive studies on
improvements like computerization, library the region in Deccan Karnataka should provide
facilities etc. The Peer Team is apprehensive a needed focus. ·The relationship between the
that new buildings under construction (the academic chairs and departments needs sharper
GHÀQLWLRQ DQG VWUHQJWKHQLQJ 3HULRGLF SHHU
girl Students’ Hostel and the Kannada Library)
review of individual faculty member, department
may not conform to this broad design. This the
and schools should be attempted. These reviews
University should look into.
should provide the required focus on faculty
If possible, the University should organize one or involved in active research.; A time span for
two Art Fairs every year in order to exhibit as well FRPSOHWLRQRIWKHUHVHDUFKSURMHFWVWREHGHFLGHG
DVVHOOWKHDUWREMHFWVFUHDWHGE\LWVVWXGHQWVDQG on case basis. Emphasis on completion without
teachers. It should also avail of such opportunities full theoretical and pragmatic elaboration which
offered by country fairs by opening a stall form the topic needs should not be forced.; The Ph.D.
which books and artifacts can be sold. The Peer Program should be dovetailed to the larger
Team thought that the present fair being held at research and teaching programme.; Provision for
Banashankari was a good occasion to put up a providing assistantship (Teaching & Research) to
VWDOO7KH3XVWDND<DWUDRIWKH3UDVDUDQJDGLYLVLRQ be explored. Research scholars should be attached
VKRXOGDOVRKDYHDFRPSRQHQWRI6KLOSD<DWUDDV to Schools rather than departments, and course
well as that of other materials produced by the works should devised by the School.; Introduction
University. These other materials may be audio of tutorial system can be considered.
and video cassettes (or CDs) of musical and other Publication and Extension: Translation of
performances prepared by the Tribal Studies or few important publications can be taken up in
Folklore departments, who can sell them to the English.; In Explore possibilities for translation,
electronic media and to the general public. publication & distribution of important works with
established national and international publishing
680 The institutes emphasises that given the very
houses.; Working paper series of research
VSHFLÀHG QDWXUH DQG PLVVLRQ RI WKH 8QLYHUVLW\
ÀQGLQJVE\GLIIHUHQWVchools may be published as The Karnataka State Open University : The
a means for dissemination and interaction with Karnataka State Open University established on
peer groups.; Networking with other institution VW-XQH 9LGH.DUQDWDND*RYW1RWLÀFDWLRQ
and Universities like IISC, ISAC etc.; Consultancy No. ED 1 UOV 95 dated 12th February 1996 -
in possible area may be explored.; The Sculpture KSOU (Act 1992) is considered to be a reputed
department may choose rocks on the roadside Open University amongst the open learning
to create something out of them. In addition, institutions in the country. Keeping in view the
they may work in places of heritage to leave an educational needs of our country, in general, and
imprint of their work there.; As has already been state in particular, the policies and programmes
noted, festival and fairs should be utilized by the have been geared to cater to the Learners.
University. 1. KSOU is recognised by University Grants
Commission (UGC) New-Delhi vide order No:
Administration and Related Areas:
F.No 14-5/2018 (DEB-I) dated: 14th August
Earmarking substantial funds for Library for
2018 for the period from 2018-19 to 2022-
SURYLGLQJPRUHMRXUQDOV%RRNVDQGSHULRGLFDOV
23 in which the Government of India has
Users survey in the library to be conducted for
envisaged a greater role for the Open and the
optimized utilization.; Documentation Center to
Distance Education System by recognizing and
be established for digitalization of date created in
WUHDWLQJ WKH 'HJUHHV 'LSORPDV&HUWLÀFDWHV
all departments.; Large scale computerization with
awarded through distance mode at par with the
networking and Internet facility is an immediate corresponding awards of Degrees /Diplomas/
requirement.; Commercial utilization of the &HUWLÀFDWHV REWDLQHG WKURXJK WKH IRUPDO
campus space by way of plantation etc.; Adequate system of education.
transport facility to be provided by the University.;
A long-term vision document for the University 2. Accordingly, the Degrees /Diplomas /
to be prepared.; The university may establish &HUWLÀFDWHV DZDUGHG IRU SURJUDPPHV
statutory Department Research Committee at conducted by the ODL institutions, recognized
by the erstwhile DEC/UGC, in conformity
department level and Board of Research Studies at
EDUCATION AND
ZLWK 8*& 1RWLÀFDWLRQ RQ 6SHFLÀFDWLRQ RI
University level.; A Course in Kannada Journalism
Degrees should be treated as equivalent to the
SPORTS
(collaboration with Samyuktha Karnataka,
corresponding awards of the Degree /Diploma/
3UDMDYDQL (WF PD\ EH DWWHPSWHG ,QIRUPDWLRQ
&HUWLÀFDWH RI WKH WUDGLWLRQDO 8QLYHUVLWLHV
Centre may explore possibilities of collaboration
Institutions in the country.
with newspapers.; Widening curriculum to
bring in other forms & cultures-like folk music, Karnataka State Open University is situated at
western classical music in music classes.; A the North–Western end of the Manasagangotri
Placement/career guidance cell for students may campus, Mysuru. The campus, which is
be considered.; Adequate training (Incl. computer about 5 Kms, from the city centre, has a
training), Institution of career advancement serene atmosphere ideally suited for academic
schemes, incentives for involvement in academic pursuits. The University houses at present the
activities by the non-academic staff.; Common $GPLQLVWUDWLYH 2IÀFH $FDGHPLF %ORFN /HFWXUH
facilities such as dining hall for girls students, Halls, a well-equipped Library, Guest House
Cottages, a Moderate Canteen, Girls Hostel and
non-teaching staff, and some opportunities for
a few cottages providing limited accommodation
indoor sports/games, Bus Shelter etc.,may be
to students coming to Mysuru for attending the
planned in future.; All the epigraphic data so far
Contact Programmes or Term-end examinations.
available may be converted into electronic form
and saved permanently.; Archaeology, Ancient Vision: The University System is a respected
History, Epigraphy Departments need holistic higher-learning organization known for its
approach in their research. distinctive strengths in providing superior
and relevant distance learning programs to its
The Peer Team was quite favourably impressed learners. In pursuing this vision, the University
by the progress made by the University in such System: Creates interactive, effective learning
a short span and also by the earnestness of its environments for all constituents; Serves its 681
community for its development and progress.
constituents, diverse personal and professional goals. Adaptive and Responsive: The University
development needs; Expands access to affordable System anticipates and adapts to its changing
programs to for the privilege of learners. environment and responds to the needs of the
KARNATAKA
organization and its constituencies in the manners
HAND BOOK OF
Mission: To provide quality higher education
both appropriate and timely. Innovation: The
with emphasis on educating the public by
University System seeks imaginative and effective
offering respected, relevant, accessible and
solutions to its challenges and innovative ways to
affordable, student-focused programs, which
IXOÀOO LWV PLVVLRQ &ROODERUDWLRQ 7KH 8QLYHUVLW\
prepare them for service and leadership in a
System seeks and nurtures partnerships with
diverse community.
its constituents and the communities it serves
7KH 8QLYHUVLW\ 6\VWHP LV JXLGHG LQ IXOÀOOLQJ in creating effective learning environments for its
its mission by these shared principles and learners.
core: learning: The University System fosters
The Karnataka State Open University came
an environment that promotes a life of learning
LQWR EHLQJ WR DFKLHYH WKH IROORZLQJ REMHFWLYHV
for its constituents and uses feedback from its
Democratizing Higher Education by taking it to
participants and supporters to improve the quality the doorsteps of the learners. Providing access to
of its teaching, learning and support. high quality education to all those who seek it,
Quality: The University System holds a LUUHVSHFWLYHRIDJHUHJLRQRUIRUPDOTXDOLÀFDWLRQV
strong commitment to high standards in all Offering need–based academic Programmes by
aspects of its educational activities, learning giving professional and vocational orientation to
outcomes and support services. It seeks to the programme. Promoting and developing distance
continuously strengthen the overall effectiveness education in India. Relaxed entry regulations.
of its operations. Integrity: The University System Providing opportunities to study according to one’s
conducts its operations and makes its public own pace and convenience.Flexibility in choosing
representations in an ethical manner. It assesses the combination of courses from a wide range of
its operations in an open and collaborative manner disciplines. Providing opportunity to study from
DQGSUDFWLFHVIDLUQHVVKRQHVW\DQGREMHFWLYLW\LQ one’s own chosen place and pace.
dealing with its constituencies. The Open-Distance-Learning (ODL) system is a
Diversity: The University System embraces unique and challenging mode of education offered
and promotes diversity in its policies and at the University level. This system provides
practices to prepare its learners to live and work ample of opportunities for those who desire to
successfully in an increasingly diverse society. It have University education at their place of work
strives to create diverse learning environments by or residence. This method is popularly known as
welcoming teachers, learners, and staff that bring Open Distance Learning. It is perhaps the only
diverse ideas, values, backgrounds, and beliefs to way to meet the ever-increasing demand for Higher
the learning and work environment. Freedom of Education especially in a developing country
Inquiry and Expression: The University System like India. Distance Education programmes are
supports the rights of its constituents to freely specially designed for: Candidates residing in
inquire and express their opinions. It engages geographically remote areas. Candidates who
and encourages an open exchange of ideas and cannot get admission to a regular college / Post-
seeks input from all who wish to participate in its graduate department.Employed persons who
learning programs. cannot pursue their study as full-time candidates.
Individuals who wish to pursue learning for
Accountability: The University System is knowledge sake. Candidates who wish to update
accountable to its constituencies and the public knowledge and skills. The Open-Distance-
IRUIXOÀOOLQJLWVPLVVLRQLQDQDSSURSULDWHPDQQHU Learning (ODL) system is perhaps the only system
by openly assessing its operations and by that has been planned in such a way that it is
inviting external evaluations by public agencies. able to cater to all those who desire to seek Higher
Access to Underserved: The University System Education inspite of the fact that they are in a
seeks to broaden access to its higher education disadvantageous position due to social, economic,
programs by underserved communities who spatial and such other reasons. Also, to cater
682
wish to engage the organization in their learning to the increasing demand for Higher Education,
ÁH[LELOLWLHVLQWHUPVRIDJHTXDOLÀFDWLRQORFDWLRQ availability, PG courses thesis valuation, Ph.D.
time, etc., have been introduced to the maximum thesis valuation and Examination Results
extent. announced on Mobile Phone through SMS.
Visvesvaraya Technological University (VTU) VTU has established Centre of Excellence at
Visvesvaraya Technological University (VTU) is various places in Karnataka in different scopes
one of the largest Technological Universities in to bring a change in the technology and society.
India with 20 years of Tradition of excellence in VTU Bio-Fuel Information and Demonstration
Engineering & Technical Education, Research center at Belagavi. VTU center for Nanotechnology
and Innovations. It came into existence in at Bengaluru.VTU National Academy for Skill
the year 1998 to cater the needs of Indian Development at Dandeli in Uttar Kannada
industries for trained technical manpower District.Parisar Chair at Belagavi.VTU Innovation
with practical experience and sound theoritical &OXEV DW 978 DQG LQ $IÀOLDWHG (QJLQHHULQJ
knowledge. University has very successfully Colleges.VTU Institute of Advanced Technologies
achieved the tremendous task of bringing various at Muddenahalli.E-Learning Center at Mysuru
FROOHJHVDIÀOLDWHGHDUOLHUWRGLIIHUHQW8QLYHUVLWLHV and VTU Bosch Center of Competence at Mysuru.
with different syllabi, different procedures
The VTU have worldwide electronic presence by
and different traditions under one umbrella.
establishing data network interconnecting VTU
7KH XQLYHUVLW\ KDYLQJ DIÀOLDWHG FROOHJHV
FDPSXV DW 0DFKKH IRXU UHJLRQDO RIÀFHV DQG DOO
constituent college and 17 Autonomous colleges
WKH DIÀOLDWHG FROOHJHV RI 978 LQ D VHFXUH SULYDWH
with undergraduate courses in 35 disciplines,
network and open up access to this network to the
PG program in 94 disciplines and Ph.D &
worldwide communities for collaborative learning
M.Sc (Engg.) with research programs in 592
using Internet technology. The campus network
departments, over 4 lakh Engineering Students
uses the state of art network tiered architecture
VWXG\ LQ WKH YDULRXV LQVWLWXWHV DIÀOLDWHG WR
with Edge and Core switches and scalable
the University. The University has 13 Quality
distributed network topology. This network will
Improvement Programme (QIP) centers in various
meet the computing demand of PG students in
DIÀOLDWHG FROOHJHV DQG H[WHQVLRQ FHQWHUV IRU
EDUCATION AND
the campus, provide e-Learning environment,
offering PG programs. The University has revised
SPORTS
access to digital library, support examination,
the syllabus for UG and PG from the academic
administration work and more importantly have
year 2014-15. It has four regional centers across
enough bandwidth for Video conferencing from
the State of Karnataka in Belagavi, Bengaluru,
any network access point.
Kalaburagi and Mysuru respectively. University is
comprised of a multi-disciplinary and multi-level The hard-won reputation, as a Premier
institution offering wide ranging programmes in Technological University in the country, carries
Engineering, Technology and Management. The with responsibility as well as opportunity. The
University is making steady progress in developing University continues to encourage student-faculty
and providing best technical environment for interactions. The University is also responsible
education and will continue to serve the nation in for the actions. People look up to University to lead
coming years. from the front and institute must not disappoint
them. The University contributes to the society
Equipped with the extremely rich resources
through the pursuit of education, learning,
of an outstanding student body and faculty
research and innovations at the highest levels of
strong partnerships with business, industry
excellence.
and government and support from alumni and
friends, VTU is designing a future of global pre- There must be an aspiration to excel and serve
eminence, leadershipDQGVHUYLFH978LVWKHÀUVW the society, and there must be the measuring
university in the country to adopt innovative steps standards for the future. A university must
in the examination reforms by adopting Digital excel and should set the standards by which
Evaluation System in the year 2011-12 followed the society would be measured. The University
by online services like delivery of question papers has the freedom, based on its excellence and
WR DIÀOLDWHG FROOHJHV 4XHVWLRQ 3DSHU 'HOLYHU\ reputation, to be the leading pioneers in the 683
System-QPDS), result announcement, photocopy ÀHOGRIWHFKQLFDOHGXFDWLRQDQGUHVHDUFK$KLJK
level of research knowledge is necessary in many 11 Atria Institute of Technology, Bengaluru
academic disciplines but it is not all that easy. Bangalore College of Engineering and Technolo-
12
The University as a collective group strives and gy,Chandapur
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
works hard towards achieving these goals . The 13 Bangalore Institute of Technology, Bengaluru
University set goals and achieves them with the 14 Bangalore Technological Institute, Bengaluru
highest quality. 15 BGS School of Arch. & Planning, Bengaluru
16 BMS College of Engineering, Bengaluru
There must be an understanding of the system
17 BMS Evening College of Engineering, Bengaluru
in place. The faculty are here to help the students
18 BMS Institute of Technology, Bengaluru
for their alround progress. Faculty must become
19 BMS School of Architecture, Bengaluru
facilitators to the students. The parents must
20 BMS College of Architecture, Bengaluru
understand the strength and weaknesses of their
21 BNM Institute of Technology, Bengaluru
wards and help them, in achieving their academic
22 Brindavan College of Engg, Bengaluru
goals and take up a profession of their choice and
23 Brindavan College of Arch., Bengaluru
passion. The students should also understand
24 BTL Institute of Tech. & Mgmt., Bengaluru
that the rules and regulations are put in a place
25 C.M.R Institute of Technology, Bengaluru
to help the students in achieving their dreams to
Cambridge Institute of Technology, North Campus,
become a successful professional individuals. 26
Bengaluru
Regional Centers: Looking into the vast 27 City Engineering College, Bengaluru
JHRJUDSKLFDO MXULVGLFWLRQ DQG ODUJH QXPEHU RI 28 C. Byregowda Institute of Tech., Bengaluru
colleges spread over the entire State of Karnataka, 29
Channa Basaveshwara Institute of Technology,
Gubbi
WKH8QLYHUVLW\KDVVHWXSLWV+HDG2IÀFHDW%HODJDYL
30 CMR Institute of Technology, Bengaluru
DQGIRXU5HJLRQDO2IÀFHVDW%HQJDOXUX0\VXUX
Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bengal-
Kalaburagi and Belagavi, which are mainly the four 31
uru
Revenue Divisional Head Quarters. The Regional Dayananda Sagar Academy of Technology & Mgmt.
2IÀFHV KDYH EHHQ VHW XS DV SHU WKH SURYLVLRQV 32
Bengaluru
under section 18 of Chapter V of VTU Act 1994, 33 Dayananda Sagar School of Arch., Bengaluru
for effective administration. The University 34 Don Bosco Institute of Technology, Bengaluru
has plans to develop its regional campuses 35 Dr. Ambedkar Institute of Technology, Bengaluru
in Bengaluru, Mysuru, and Kalaburagi . The 36 Dr. T.Thimaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru
Government has allotted 15 Acres and 3 Guntas Dr.Shivkumar Mahaswamy College of Engineering,
37
of land free of cost at Kalaburagi, and KIADB has Bengaluru
allotted 20 Acres at Mysuru at a cost of Rs. 5.00 38
East Point College of Engineering and Technology,
Bengaluru
Lakhs per Acre. Foundation laying ceremony for
39 East West Institute of Technology, Bengaluru
WKH978UHJLRQDORIÀFHDW.DODEXUDJLZDVKHOGRQ
40 East West College of Engineering, Bengaluru
14-02-2004.
41 Ghousia College of Engineering, Ramanagara
List of VTU Colleges in Karnataka 42 Global Academy of Technology, Bengaluru
43 Govt. Engineering College, Ramnagar
Sl.
Name
No. 44 Government SKSJ Technology Institute, Bengaluru
1 Acharya Institute of Technology, Bengaluru Government SKSJ Technological Institute of Engi-
45
neering,Bengaluru
Acharya Pathashala Rural College of Engineeing,
2 Government Tool Room and Training Centre, Ben-
Bengaluru 46
galuru
3 Acharya NRV School of Arch, Bengaluru
Gopalan College of Engineering Management, Ben-
4 ACS College of Engineeing, Bengaluru 47
galuru
5 Achutha Institute of Tech., Chikkaballapur
48 Gopalan School of Arch. & Planning, Bengaluru
6 Adithya Aca. of Arch. & Design, Bengaluru
49 HKBK College of Engineering, Bengaluru
7 Akshaya Institute of Technology, Bengaluru
50 HMS Institute of Technology, Bengaluru
8 Alpha College of Engineering, Bengaluru
51 HMS School of Architecture., Tumakuru
AMC Engineering College, Mgmt. Sciences, Benga-
9 Impact College of Engineering & Applied Science,
luru 52
Bengaluru
Amrutha Institute of Engineering and Mgmt. Sci-
684 10
ences, Bengaluru 53 Impact School of Architecture, Bengaluru
54 Islamiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru <HOODPPD'DVDSSD,QVWLWXWHRI7HFKQRORJ\
100
Bengaluru
55 Jnana Vikas Institute of Technology, Bengaluru
101 Sir M V School of Arch., Bengaluru
56 JSS Academy of Technicial Education, Bengaluru
102 The Oxford School of Arch., Bengaluru
57 Jyothy Institute of Technology, Bengaluru
103 RNS School of Arch., Bengaluru
58 Kalpataru Institute of Technology, Bengaluru
104 Sri Basaveshwar Institute of Technology., Tiptur
59 K S School of Architecture, Bengaluru
105 East West School of Arch., Bengaluru
60 KNS Institute of Technology, Bengaluru
61 K S Institute of Technology, Bengaluru Belagavi Region
62 M S Engineering College, Bengaluru AGM Rural College of Engineering & Technology,
106
Varur
63 M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru
Angadi Institute of Technology and Management,
64 MVJ College of Engineering, Bengaluru 107
Belagavi
65 Nadagir Institute of Technology, Bengaluru 108 Angadi School of Arch., Belagavi
1DJDUMXQD&ROOHJHRI(QJJDQG7HFKQRORJ\%HQJD- $QMXPDQ,QVWLWXWHRI7HFKQRORJ\ 0DQDJHPHQW
66 109
luru Bhatkal
67 New Horizon College of Engineering, Bengaluru 110 Basaveshwar Engineering College, Bagalkot
68 Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology,Bengaluru %LOXUX*XUXEDVDYD0DKDVZDPLML,QVWLWXWHRI
111
Technology, Mudhol
69 Nitte Institute of Architecture, Bengaluru
BLDEA’s College of Engineering &Technology.,
70 Oxford College of Engineering, Bengaluru 112
9LMD\DSXUD
71 5DMLY*DQGKL,QVWLWXWHRI7HFKQRORJ\%HQJDOXUX 113 KLS Gogte Institute of Technology, Belagavi
72 5DMDUDMHVZDUL&ROOHJHRI(QJLQHHULQJ%HQJDOXUX 114 *LULMDEDL6DLO,QVWLWXWHRI7HFKQRORJ\.DUZDU
73 R.L.Jalappa Institute of Technology, Bengaluru 115 Govt. Engineering College, Haveri
74 RNS Institute of Technology, Bengaluru 116 Govt. Engineering College, H’hadagali
75 R R Institute of Technology, Bengaluru 117 Govt. Engineering College, Karwar
76 R R School of Architecture, Bengaluru SJCN Trust’s Hira Sugar Institute of Technology,
118
77 R V College of Engineering, Bengaluru Nidasoshi
78 R V College of Architecture, Bengaluru 119 Jain College of Engineering, Belagavi
79 Sai Vidya Institute of Technology, Bengaluru 120 JAGM Institute of Technology, Jamakhandi
EDUCATION AND
80 Sambhram Institute of Technology, Bengaluru 121 K L E’s Dr. M S Sheshagiri CE&T, Belagavi
SPORTS
81 Sapthagiri College of Engineering, Bengaluru KLE College of Engineering, and Technology,
122
Chikkodi
Sampoorna Institute of Technology & Research,
82 123 KLE Institute of Technology, Hubballi
Channapattana
83 Sha-shib College of Engineering, Chikkaballapur Malik Sandal Institute of Art & Architecture,
124
9LMD\DSXUD
84 Sri Sairam College of Engineering,Bengaluru
Shridevi Institute of Engineering Technology, Tu- 125 Maratha Mandals Engineering College, Belagavi
85
makuru
126 RTE Rural Engineering College, Hulkoti
86 SEA College of Engineering, Technology, Bengaluru
SDM College of Engineering & Technology,
127
Dharwad
87 Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumakuru
88 SJB Institute of Technology, Bengaluru SECAB Institute of Engineering & Technology,
128
9LMD\DSXUD
89 SJB School of Arch. & Planing, Bengaluru
129 SG Balekundri Institute of Technology, Belagavi
90 SJC Institute of Technology, Chikkaballapur
Shaikh College of Engineering & Technology,
Sir. M Visvesvaraya Institute of Technology, Benga- 130
91 Belagavi
luru
SKSVMA College of Engineering & Technology,
92 Sri Krishana Institute of Technology, Bengaluru 131
Laksmeshwar
Sri Revanasiddeshwara Institute of Technology, 132 Tontadarya College of Engineering, Gadag
93
Bengaluru
133 STJ Institute of Technology, Ranebennur
94 Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering,Bengaluru
KLS Vishwanathrao Deshpande Institute of
134
95 Sri Vinayaka Institute of Technology, KGF Technology, Haliyal
VSM Shri Somashekhar R Kothiwale Institute of
96 T. John Engineering College, Bengaluru 135
Technology, Nippani
97 Vemana Institute of Technology, Bengaluru Basava Engineering School of Technology, Zalaki,
136
9LMD\DSXUD'LVWULFW
98 9LMD\D9LWWDOD,QVWLWXWHRI7HFKQRORJ\%HQJDOXUX
137 Jain College of Engineering, Hubballi
99 Vivekananda Institute of Technology, Bengaluru 685
138 Jain College of Engineering and Research, Belagavi
Kalaburagi Region 182 Mangalore Marine College & Technology, M’luru
139 Basavakalyan Engineering College, B’kalyan 183 Malnad College of Engineering, Hassan
Ballari Institute of Technology & Management, 184 Moodalkatte Institute of Technology, Moodbidri
140
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
Ballari
185 Mysuru School of Arch., Mysuru
141 Bhemanna Khandre Institute of Technology, Bhalki
186 Mysuru Royal Institute of Technology, Mandya
142 Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Bidar
Mysuru College of Engineering & Management,
143 Govt. Engineering College, Raichur 187
Mysuru
144 K C T Engineering College, Kalaburagi
188 NDRK Institute of Technology, Hassan
145 /LQJDUDM$SSD(QJLQHHULQJ&ROOHJH%LGDU
189 National Institute of Engineering, Mysuru (Day)
146 Navodaya Institute of Technology, Raichur
190 National Institute of Engineering, (Eve), Mysuru
147 PDA College of Engineering, Kalaburagi
191 NIE Institute of Technology, Mysuru
148 Proudhadevaraya Institute of Technology, Hospet
192 NMAM Institute of Technology, Nitte*
149 5DR%DKDGGXU<0(QJLQHHULQJ&ROOHJH%DOODUL
193 PA College of Engineering, Mangaluru
150 SLN College of Engineering, Raichur
194 PES College of Engineering, Mandya
151 Shetty Institute of Technology, Kalaburagi
195 5DMHHY,QVWLWXWHRI7HFKQRORJ\+DVVDQ
152 Veerappa Nisty Engineering College, Shorapur
Sahyadri College of Engineering and Management,
153 KBN College of Engineering, Kalaburagi 196
Mangaluru
Mysuru Region
197 6'0,QVWLWXWHRI7HFKQRORJ\8MLUH
154 ATME College of Engineering, Mysuru
198 Shree Devi Institute of Technology, Mangaluru
A J Institute of Engineering & Technology,
155 199 6KUL0DGKZD9DGLUDMD,7 0DQDJHPHQW8GXSL
Mangaluru
Adichunchanagiri Institute of Technology, 200 St. Joseph College of Engineering, Mangaluru
156
Chikkamagalur
201 SJM Institute of Technology, Chitradurga
Alva’s Institute of Engineering & Technology,
157 202 Srinivas Institute of Technology, Mangaluru
Moodbidri
158 Bahubali College of Engineering, S’Belagola 203 Vidya Vardhaka College of Engineering, Mysuru
%DSXML,QVWLWXWHRI(QJLQHHULQJ 7HFKQRORJ\
159
Davanagere Vidya Vikas Institute of Engineering and
204
160 Beary’s Institute of Technology, M’luru Technology, Mysuru
161 Beary’s Enviro Arch. Des. School, M’luru Vivekananda College of Engineering & Technology,
205
Puttur
162 Canara Engineering College, Bantwal
206 Wodeyar Centre for Arch., Mysuru
163 Cauvery Institute of Technology, Mandya
164 Coorg Institute of Technology, Ponnempet Constituent College
165 <HQHSR\D,QVWLWXWHRI7HFKQRORJ\0RRGELGUL 207 UBDT Engineering College., Davanagere
166 (NDODY\D,QVWLWXWHRI7HFKQRORJ\&KDPDUDMDQDJDU VTU PG Centres
167 G M Institute of Technology, Davanagere VTU Center for PG Studies, Muddenahalli
GSS Institute of Engineering &Technology, Mysu- VTU Center for PG Studies, Belagavi
168
ru
VTU Center for PG Studies, Kalaburgi
169 Govt. Tool Room & Training Centre, Mysuru
VTU Center for PG Studies, Mysuru
170 *RYW(QJLQHHULQJ&ROOHJH&KDPDUDMDQDJDU
Source :Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi.
171 Govt. Engineering College, Hassan
172 Govt. Engineering College, Kushalanagar Karnataka State Akkamahadevi Women’s Uni-
173 Govt. Engineering College, KR pete versity
174
G Madegowda Institute of Technology, Karnataka State Akkamahadevi Women’s
Bharathinagara, Mandya
University formerly known as Karnataka State
175 Jain Institute of Technology, D’gere Women’s University, established in 2003 in
176 JNN College of Engineering, Shivamogga WKH FLW\ RI 9LMD\DSXUD )RUPHUO\ %LMDSXU LV WKH
177 Karavali Institute of Technology, M’luru only Women’s University in Karnataka dedicated
178 KVG College of Engineering, Sullia exclusively for women’s education. It is recognized
179 0DKDUDMD,QVWLWXWHRI7HFKQRORJ\0\VXUX under 2(f) and 12(B) of the UGC Act. It has been
0DKDUDMD,QVWLWXWHRI7HFKQRORJ\ accredited ‘B’grade by NAAC. The university is
180
Tandavapura, Mysuru also a recipient of three Stars in NIRF rankings.
686 181
Mangalore Institute of Technology & Engineering, One hundred and thirty-seven women’s colleges
Moodbidri
RI.DUQDWDNDDUHDIÀOLDWHGWRWKLV8QLYHUVLW\DQG
one P G center at Sindhanoor and also at Udutadi, LQLWVRZQZD\0DQ\LQQRYDWLYHSURMHFWVDUHDOVR
one extension center at Mandya are also offering being designed and implemented to empower
various programmes. women. The university is striving hard to enhance
the knowledge, culture and overall personality of
The University offers various UG programmes
women. In addition to this, the university is also
leading to Bachelor’s degree in Arts, Business
implementing various activities to promote socio-
Administration, Computer Applications,
economic growth of rural women.
Commerce, Education, Fashion Technology,
Home Science, Physical Education, Science and Karnataka State Women’s University established
Social Work. It also offers 32 PG Courses, P G LQWKHFLW\RI9LMD\DSXUDGXULQJWKHDFDGHPLF\HDU
'LSORPDDQG&HUWLÀFDWH&RXUVHVLQWKH)DFXOWLHV 2003-04 has been renamed as Karnataka State
of Arts, Commerce and Management, Social Akkamahadevi Women’s University on 11th June
Sciences, Science and Technology and Education. 2017. Akkamahadevi has a very unique identity
in the ‘Sharana movement’ of the 12th century.
Vision: Empowerment of women through ‘Akka’ is a live example to demonstrate that a
education. woman can rise to the ultimate spiritual heights
Mission: To provide quality education and E\ EHLQJ D SHUIHFW PRGHO RI VDFULÀFH GXULQJ WKH
impart professional and vocational skills to enable ‘Sharana movement’. By being an ethical symbol
women to be self-reliant and meet the challenges IRUDOHUWQHVVVKHKDVLQÁXHQFHGWKHVKDUDQD·VRI
of the changing socio-economic needs; To promote all periods as divine spirit. Hence it quite apt and
personality development and leadership qualities meaningful to rename this university in the name
with a balanced outlook towards society; To help of Akkamahadevi–a great woman achiever of all
women enrich their knowledge and reap the times.
EHQHÀWVRINQRZOHGJHSRZHU The university that started with only six post-
graduate courses and 227 students on roll with a
Objectives: To ensure holistic education
MXULVGLFWLRQRYHUGLVWULFWVRI1RUWK.DUQDWDND
treasuring cultural heritage, core values of
now have more than 2500 students pursuing 32
personal integrity, professional skills, awareness
EDUCATION AND
various post-graduate courses in 2016-17 with
DERXWWKHVRFLRHFRQRPLFVFLHQWLÀFDQGFXOWXUDO
WKH MXULVGLFWLRQ H[WHQGHG RYHU WKH VWDWH DORQJ
SPORTS
developments at all levels in order to enable
with two extension centers – one at Mandya and
women lead personally and professionally
another at Udutadi and a P G center at Sindhanur.
IXOÀOOLQJ OLYHV 7R HTXLS ZRPHQ ZLWK QHFHVVDU\
Ph.D programmes were started in the year 2006-
qualities to play an equal role in decision making
07 to enable those women who are interested
in matters of importance to herself, family and
in knowledge acquisition and also desirous and
society; To promote advanced research in science,
capable of continuing higher studies. More than
social sciences, arts and humanities especially
300 research scholars are working for their
on topics of regional importance; To contribute
doctoral programmes in different disciplines.
towards socio-economic transformation of women
in need through formal and non-formal education The university has adopted unique curriculum
and training, out reach programs and facilitate specially designed for women students.
strengthening of mass education and primary 6WXGHQWV FDQ FKRRVH VXEMHFWV VXFK DV )HPLQLQH
education programmes. -XULVSUXGHQFH :RPHQ·V +HDOWK <RJD 6WXGLHV
Computer Applications, Information literacy,
Goals: To Bridge gender gaps; Help communities
Information sources, Women and media and
DQG ZRPHQ IURP UXUDO DQG EDFNZDUG DUHDV MRLQ Human Resource management, other than
mainstream; To enable and motivate communities a number of choice based programmes in
and women to play an effective and constructive YRFDWLRQDOVXEMHFWVLQDGGLWLRQWRUHJXODUVXEMHFWV
role in the society at all levels. which is not found in any other university. This
Karnataka State Akkamahadevi Women’s LVWKHÀUVt conventional university in our country
University is marching ahead towards overall of villages, to teach “Women and Live Stock
development by opening the gateway of Development” at MA level under Women Studies.
opportunities in higher education for women. It The Dual Course Programme of the university
687
is undertaking many new developmental activities enables post graduate students in the university
to pursue two or more courses at a time bearing RIKLJKHUOHDUQLQJRQSDUZLWKKLJKSURÀOHQDWLRQDO
in mind the limited time available for girl students institutions. It is a State University, established
from the backward areas before marriage to cater to the educational needs of Tumakuru
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
GLVUXSWV WKHLU DFDGHPLF FDUHHU 3URMHFW ZRUN LV GLVWULFW ZKHUH WKH PDMRULW\ RI VWXGHQWV KDLO IURP
made compulsory during the fourth semester. the rural background. Since its inception, the
The university is maintaining the lowest fee University has been witnessing tremendous
structure in the state for various courses in order JURZWKLQWKHGHYHORSPHQWRILWVDFDGHPLFSURÀOH
to encourage women from poor socio-economic and infrastructural facilities. Within a short
strata pursue higher education. The university span of thirteen years, the University has been
LV DOVR DGRSWLQJ VDPH SROLF\ IRU WKH DIÀOLDWHG successful in being recognized as an Institute of
women’s colleges which are also dedicated for National Eminence by the UGC, besides being
education of rural women, charging them least recognized under section 12(B) of the UGC Act
DIÀOLDWLRQDGPLVVLRQDQGH[DPLQDWLRQIHHV 1956 and also successfully gaining ‘B’ grade by
the NAAC accreditation.
The university has adopted unique and
SURJUHVVLYH SROLFLHV LQWURGXFLQJ PRUH ÁH[LELOLW\ Recently, the university has been rated as a
in the system to enable women to pursue higher ‘Three Star’ institution under the Karnataka
education, where in students who discontinue State Universities Rating Framework (KSURF)
education due to marriage or child birth can released by the Karnataka State Higher Education
pursue education at a later stage when their Council, Bengaluru. The evaluation was based on
circumstances compel them to be breadwinners the criteria of Knowledge Production, Knowledge
of the family or when their circumstances permit Transmission and Social Inclusiveness, besides
WKHPWRVWXG\ZKLOHJHWWLQJWKHEHQHÀWRIFUHGLWV taking into consideration the performance of the
earned by them earlier. The university also takes university in the domain of research, innovation,
the credit for convincing other universities in the teaching, generating employment opportunities,
state to admit such students. providing basic amenities, inclusiveness and
making social impact.
Kaushalya Women’s Technology Park established
Seventeen Departments of Postgraduate Studies
in the Jnanashakti campus of the university
and Research in the faculties of Science and
is an innovative and unique experiment. This
Technology, Arts, Commerce and Management;
women’s technology park has been established
two Constituent Colleges, the University College
for students and women and more particularly
of Arts and the University College of Science; and
the skill enhancement of rural women. This
PRUHWKDQHLJKW\VL[DIÀOLDWHG&ROOHJHVFRQVWLWXWH
LV WKH ÀUVW XQLYHUVLW\ WR VWDUW VXFK D ZRPHQ·V
the universe of the Tumkur University. The
technology park for the overall development of
HYHU VZHOOLQJ DFDGHPLF SURÀOH RI WKH 8QLYHUVLW\
women. The university has proved the common
FRQVWDQWO\ ZLWQHVVHV WKH KLJKO\ TXDOLÀHG IDFXOW\
people’s allegations “Universities are ivory towers
of the University who have been regularly
and that there is no entry to common people”
SXEOLVKLQJ VFLHQWLÀF DQG UHVHDUFK SDSHUV LQ
wrong by creating a conducive environment, the
UHIHUHHG LQWHUQDWLRQDO MRXUQDOV DQG RWKHU QHZ
Women’s university is training the rural women
media, in addition to participating in conferences,
along with student community on different
workshops and other academic events.
VXEMHFWV E\ HPSOR\LQJ WKH ORFDOO\ DYDLODEOH
resources and thereby helping the rural women to The University offers Ph.D Programmes in all
involve themselves in self- entrepreneurship and WKHIDFXOWLHV7KHUHVHDUFKSURÀOHRIWKH8QLYHUVLW\
economic empowerment. LQFOXGHV 5HVHDUFK SURMHFWV IURP YDULRXV
funding agencies such as Indian Space Research
The university is accredited with ‘B’ grade by the Organization (ISRO), Department of Science
NAAC and quite recently the university has been and Technology (DST), Science and Engineering
given three-star status in K-SURF rankings. Research Board (SERB), UGC, ICSSR, ICHR,
Tumkur University: Tumkur University Vision Group on Science and Technology (VGST),
established in the year 2004, has gained Government of Karnataka, and the British
Council, etc. The Prasaranga, publication division
688 VLJQLÀFDQFHDVRQHRIWKH\RXQg universities in the
country and has been recognized as an institution of the University, has so far brought out several
research-based books, besides bringing out a proper accountability, transparency and collective
University Newsletter and two scholarly refered participation.; To create adequate students
MRXUQDOV LQFOXGLQJ 3UDJPDWD -RXUQDO RI +XPDQ support services for effective prosecution of their
6FLHQFHV DQG /RNDMQDQD -RXUQDO RI &XOWXUDO studies.; To promote and develop vocational
Studies in Kannada. In addition, the University education, career and life skill development.; To
KDVKDGVLJQLÀFDQWDFDGHPLFFROODERUDWLRQVZLWK initiate and implement such other measures as are
several organizations and institutions of national necessary for effective functioning of a university.
importance including the Institute for Social and Davangere University : Davanagere University
Economic Change, Bengaluru; Tata Institute of LVRQHRIWKH\RXQJHVWDIÀOLDWLQJW\SHVRI8QLYHU-
Social Sciences, Mumbai; Intel, India; University VLWLHV LQ .DUQDWDND ,W KDV D MXULVGLFWLRQ RI WZR
of Rouen, France, National Law School of India Districts viz., Davangere and Chitradurga and
University, Bengaluru; and Mangalore University. headquartered at Davangere. Davangere which
The gleaming history of the University owes its was part of Chitradurga District became a sepa-
glory also to eminent scientists, Nobel Laureates, rate district on 15th August 1997 and is emerg-
Spiritual Leaders including the 14th Dalai Lama ing as an important educational centre besides
who have visited the University. Our students being a well known commercial and industrial
DQG IDFXOW\ KDYH EHHQ LPPHQVHO\ EHQHÀWHG E\ town in Karnataka. Davangere University prior to
its establishment functioned as a Post-Graduate
their interaction with scientists like Dr. APJ
Centre of the University of Mysore from 1979 to
Abdul Kalam and several other thinkers and
1987. Later, with the establishment of Kuvempu
educationists.
University in 1987, the P.G. Centre came under
6WUDWHJ\ $ ZHOO GHÀQHG VWUDWHJ\ LV D SULPDU\ WKH MXULVGLFWLRQ RI WKH QHZ XQLYHUVLW\ GXH WR LWV
UHTXLUHPHQWWRDFKLHYHWKHGHVLUHGREMHFWLYH7KH geographical location and hence functioned as its
time has now come to realize that the image of P.G. Centre from 1987 to 2009.
a university as a temple of ivory tower of closed Davangere University was established (with
academic learning for limited number of students D *D]HWWH 1RWLÀFDWLRQ IURP WKH *RYHUQPHQW RI
has become the part of history. No university can Karnataka) on 18th August 2009 by being carved
EDUCATION AND
isolate itself from the changes that are taking out of Kuvempu University with a purpose and
SPORTS
place elsewhere. Keeping all these factors in the vision to meet the educational aspirations of
mind the university in its wisdom has adopted the people of this region. The university has
the following strategy to achieve its Vision and &ROOHJHV DIÀOLDWHG WR LW LQ WRWDO ZLWK RQH
Mission statement. Constituent College and one Autonomous College,
offering Graduate and Post-Graduate programmes
Vision: ”To Create A Generation of Human
in various disciplines catering to the educational
Resources To Successfully Meet The Global
needs of more than 60,000 students.
Challenges”
Location of the University: Davangere and
Mission: To transform guiding vision into
Chitradurga Districts are centrally located in
action plan through a band of community of the State of Karnataka on NH-4. Davangere is
teachers who are professionally competent and very well connected by road and railways (with
conscientiously upright.; To promote high quality a distance of 265 kms road, and 327 kms by
of research for sustainable development of a railways) from Bengaluru, the state capital of
society.; To bridge the gap between academic Karnataka. Shivagangotri, the main campus of
knowledge and professional skill.; To create the University is located at about 10 kms from
adequate academic and physical infrastructure Davangere on SH-76 (Biruru-Sammasgi) off NH-4
for high level performance.; To promote and (Pune-Bengaluru) at Bada Cross and is about 60
develop outreach and extension activities for kms from Chitradurga. The conveyances to reach
disadvantaged groups of society.; To introduce the campus include both government and private
reformatory and innovative measures for balanced bus services, and there is a railway station near
development.; To build institutional networking the campus in Tholahunse village. The sprawling
for knowledge sharing.; To initiate action to utilize 73 acres campus is free from pollution and hustle
the information and communication technology and bustle of the city. The greenery on campus 689
system.; To institutionalize good governance with adds to its ambiance.
The University has four faculties viz., (i) Arts, and backward areas of the region, and also
(ii) Science & Technology, (iii) Commerce & promote equity and inclusive growth in higher
Management, and (iv) Education. It has 20 Post- education. SC/ST/OBC & other minorities
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
Graduate Departments of Studies and Research population of this region exceeds 60 per cent and
on the main campus offering 22 Post-graduate more than 50 per cent of the students pursuing
Programmes and a few Diploma Courses. The higher education are girls. During 2009 & 2010,
university intends to introduce few more Post- Davangere University procured 81.2 acres of land
Graduate Programmes and Diploma Course from at Guddadarangavvanahalli, (6 kms away from
the academic year 2013-2014, and is working Chitradurga on NH-13) for the establishment of
towards introducing more number of inter- a Post-Graduate Centre. The Master Plan for the
GLVFLSOLQDU\ MRERULHQWHG DQG VRFLDOO\ UHOHYDQW development of the campus has been prepared
courses in the years to come. by reputed architects/consultants and the civil/
construction works have commenced.
The University College of Visual Arts, a
Constituent College of the University offers In the year 2010-2011, three programmes were
Foundation Course for two years, Bachelors offered at the P.G. Center in Chitradurga which
programme for three years and Masters Degree include: M.A. Economics, M.Com and M.Ed. M.Ed
Programmes for 2 years with specialization in Programme was discontinued from the year 2011-
Applied Art, Painting and Sculpture. From the 12 and PG programme in English was introduced
academic year 2012-2013, the college has switched in the year 2012-2013 and this academic year,
over to annual scheme from semester due to the the university intends to introduce a few more
nature of the programme and to be on par with social science and science programmes. As an
UGC pattern for Art Colleges. The syllabus has ad-hoc arrangement, classes were conducted at
been thoroughly restructured and revised and SRS College, then Government College of Teacher
was implemented from the year 2012-2013. Education, and later M.M. College, Chitradurga.
From the academic year 2013-2014, the university
The University endeavours to see that the is planning to get the campus inaugurated and
students develop a holistic, humane and conduct the classes in the new campus. Measures
sustainable development oriented approach are being taken to provide city transportation
towards life and living. The focus of the university is facilities to the new campus with the help of the
to have an inclusive approach towards enhancing concerned department and district administration.
the access, equity and quality in higher education. Faculty from the main campus are co-ordinating
Besides this, the core approach is to work towards the programmes and are involved in all academic
generation, integration, dissemination, and activities at Chitradurga.
absorption of relevant up-to-date knowledge, and
thus create competitive youth force to meet the Karnataka State Dr. Gangubai Hangal
regional, national and global needs and challenges. Music and Performing Arts University : A
7KHXQLYHUVLW\KDVDGLVWLQFWLYHDFDGHPLFSURÀOH University is conceptualized to be a fountain
integrating commitment and excellence in higher Head of Knowledge, from which knowledge and
HGXFDWLRQWRIXOÀOWKHQHHGVRIWKHFRQWHPSRUDU\ ZLVGRPDUHEHOLHYHGWRÁRZDQGUHDFKRXWWRWKH
society and social ethos of the region. High caliber widest possible public. In this context it is worth
faculty with their dedication and support are recalling the motto “Nahi Jnanena sadrusam”
working with dogged determination to realise the (knowledge is incomparable). Knowledge is
goals and aspirations of the university. the tool of empowering people and make them
better beings. Similarly music is conceived to be
Jnanagangotri Post - Graduate Centre celestial which as an ennobling effect both on
of Davangere University at Chitradurga: practitioners and listeners alike. It is capable of
Jnanagangotri, Post-Graduate (P.G) Centre removing angularities and elevating human soul
of Davangere University at Chitradurga was to a higher plan. It is widely believed that music
established in the year 2010 with the approval KDV EHQHÀFLDO HIIHFWV QRW RQO\ RQ KXPDQ EHLQJV
of the authorities of the university with the but also on plants and animals as well. Achieving
VSHFLÀFSXUSRVHWRHQKDQFHWKHDFFHVVWRKLJKHU mastery over a given genre of music could be a
690
education to the students from rural, remote, lifelong dedicated practice with total devotion. It
is called ‘Upaasana’/ ‘saadhana’, seeking highest among the general public about the ennobling
perfection and the person who undertakes it effect of music and other forms of performing arts
is called ‘Upaasaka’ / ‘Saadhaka’, the seeker of and making the life of citizen worth living. 3. To
XOWLPDWHWUXWK7KHREMHFWLYHRIOHDUQLQJPXVLFLV redesign or reformulate the learning, teaching
the realization of three ethereal virtues i.e., truth, process to be in tune with the expectations of
beauty and divinity/ sublimity. This is also true of WKH SUHVHQW WLPHV ZLWKRXW VDFULÀFLQJ LWV ¶FRUH·
other forms of performing arts, be it dance, drama, values. 4. To make use of the modern technology
JDPDNDSXSSHWVKRZ<DNVKDJDQDHWF$OOWKHVH to facilitate dissemination of the knowledge of
forms of art not only give an opportunity for the music and other art forms and make them easily
performers to showcase their talents, skills and accessible and acceptable to the society. 5. To
accomplishments, but also provide entertainment create adequate infrastructure for the promotion
to the common people and make their lives worth and propagation of music and other allied art
living. Ours is a repository of diversity in several IRUPVLQDQRUGHUO\DQGVFLHQWLÀFPDQQHUWKURXJK
respects. This is also true of music and other institutional arrangement. In pursuance of these
performing arts. Broadly, two forms of music are REMHFWLYHV WKH 8QLYHUVLW\ LV SURYLGLQJ DFDGHPLF
well known. One is Hindustani or Uttaradi and the training through well-designed courses such as
other is Dakshinaadi or Karnatak. Without going B.A.Music, B.A.Drama, B.A.Dance, M.A.Music,
LQWRWKHWHFKQLFDOGHWDLOVRURWKHUÀQHUDVSHFWVRI M.A.Drama M.A.Dance and other forms of Folk
these two forms, it could be said that each one of Art as well. Diploma Courses in some of the above
them is matchless in its own right. disciplines are being held to enable more numbers
RI VWXGHQWV WR VHHN DGPLVVLRQ DQG EH EHQHÀWWHG
Karnataka has the rare distinction of being a
FRQÁXHQFH RI ERWK WKHVH WZR SURPLQHQW IRUPV by the programmes offered by the University.
of music. The late Dr. Gangubai Hangal was an Vision: India has been a treasure house
exponent of Hindustani music who had attained of Music and various other Art forms. The
dizzy heights as a singer and earned highest greatest of greats like Tansen, Sadanand Buva,
acclaim from music lovers not only in Karnataka 0DOOLNDUMXQ 0DQVRRU 3W %DVDYDUDM 5DMJXUX 3W
but also throughout the length and breadth of the
EDUCATION AND
Panchakshari Gavayi, Pt. Bhimasen Joshi, Dr.
country and also in many countries of the world. Gangubai Hangal, Smt. M.S.Subbalakshmi were
SPORTS
It is perpetuating and immortalize her single iconic musicians in their own right. Similarly,
contribution to the world of music, Karnataka Dr. Lata Mangeshkar, Asha Bhonsle, Mohammed
Govt. thought it appropriate to establish a 5DÀ0XNHVK+HPDQW.XPDU0DQQD'H.LVKRUH
University exclusively for Music and Performing .XPDUZHUHZHOONQRZQLQWKHÀHOGRIÀOPPXVLF
Arts and name it after Dr. Gangubai Hangal as a So far as instrumental music is concerned, one
worthy tribute to that great musician. Accordingly, can recall the likes of Ustad Bismillah Khan, Pt.
Karnataka State Dr. Gangubai Hangal Music Ravishankar, Ustad Amzed Ali Khan, Ustad Zakir
and Performing Arts University came into being Hussain, Pt.Shivakumar Sharma, Dr. U. Srinivas,
in 2008-2009 through a separate Act of State Veene Sheshanna, Violinist T. Chowdaiah,
Legislature. Since its inception, the University has Pt.Hariprasad Chaurasia, Pt. Pannalal Ghosh, Pt.
been striving for the realization of the lofty ideals T.R. Mahalingam and many others who have taken
which prompted its founding and is, making music – vocal and instrumental to the pinnacle.
steady progress. Another important point needs Our vision is to resurrect the past glory of India in
to be noted here. In the life of an individual, a WKHÀHOGRIPXVLFDQGRWKHUIRUPVRISHUIRUPLQJ
period of 8-9 years is very short to make any arts. With the onslaught of globalization many of
discernible impact and it is more so in the life of these art forms appear to have become somewhat
an organization such as a University, to leave its VXSHUÀFLDO GHYRLG RI WKHLU RULJLQDO GHSWK DQG
imprint in the society in a profound way. Keeping LQÀQLWHÀQHQHVV2XUWDVNLVWRUHVWRUHWKHKHLJKWV
these facts at the back of the mind, one has to that music and other performing arts had all
make an appraisal of the University. attained in the past with forms on both modern
Objectives: 7KH EDVLF REMHFWLYHV RI WKH and Gurukula systems. The University has made
University are: 1. To revive learning and teaching of an impressive beginning moving in the direction
691
music in its pristine forms. 2. To create awareness of lofty goals it has set of itself.
The Rani Channamma University : in various disciplines based on interaction with
Background: Before the Rani Channamma society and industry.; To review and design
University came into being in 2010, Karnatak co-curricular activities to develop the overall
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
University KRCPG Centre of Karnatak University, personality of the students.; To strengthen
Dharwad was functioning at Belagavi. The said professionalism with ethics to enable the students
Karnatak University PG Centre was established to face the challenges contemporary society.
at Belagavi in the year 1982, to provide an
2EMHFWLYHV 7R FRQWULEXWH to the knowledge
opportunity to develop access to the students for
society through research, publications and
higher education hailing from North Karnataka
applications.; To promote popular awareness for
Region. In the year 1994 the PG centre was
strengthening the civil society.
shifted to the present campus of 172 acres of land
ORFDWHGDW%KXWUDPDQDKDWWLDGMDFHQWWRWKH3XQH • To provide inputs for public policy making.
Bengaluru National Highway–4 at a distance 9DOXHV 7RLQFXOFDWHYDOXHVRIVHUYLFHVDFULÀFH
of about 18 kms from Belagavi city. Karnatak HTXDOLW\MXVWLFHDQGFRPPLWPHQWLQWKHPLQGVRI
University PG Centre has been declared as Rani youth.
Channamma University in the month of July,
ZLWKWKHMXULVGLFWLRQRI%HODJDYL9LMD\DSXUD Vijayanagara Sri Krishnadevaraya University
and Bagalkot districts. It is catering to the needs (VSKU)
of the people of North Karnataka by providing 9LMD\DQDJDUD 6UL .ULVKQDGHYDUD\D 8QLYHUVLW\
excellent opportunities for higher education. (VSKU) is a State University established by the
Government of Karnataka under the Karnataka
Academic Programmes : At present, the Rani 6WDWH 8QLYHUVLWLHV $FW ,W LV DQ DIÀOLDWLQJ
Channamma University is offering 9 PG courses XQLYHUVLW\ ZLWK DERXW DIÀOLDWHG FROOHJHV
at Vidyasangam Campus, Belagavi, in the school offering both undergraduate and post graduate
of Arts, Science, Education, Social Science, programs. The university covers the districts
Commerce and Management. It is also offering of Ballari and Koppal. The region under the
M.Phil and Ph.D programmes. The courses in MXULVGLFWLRQ RI WKH XQLYHUVLW\ LV FRQVLGHUHG
Social Science include Economics, Sociology, economically and educationally backward
Social Work and in Arts includes Kannada and compared the national and the state average.
Marathi. In Science the university offers M.Sc in Hence, the university endeavors to embark on
Mathematics, physics and chemistry and in applied innovative means of higher education in order to
it offers Geography and Library and information make it both qualitative and affordable.
science. School of Business and Economics offers
Master’s Degree in Commerce and Management. VSKU has three post graduate campuses.
School of Criminology and Criminal Justices The main campus, “Jnana Sagara” is located at
offers UG and PG Programmes. It is also offering Vinayaka Nagar, Ballari. The main campus, spread
PG Diploma Course in Computer Application. At over an area of about 100 acres, houses all the key
present, there are 500 students studying in the administrative departments of the university as
various PG departments. So far more than 100 well as 14 post graduate departments. The second
students have been awarded M.Phil. and Ph.D. campus “Jnana Sarovara” is located at Nandihalli
degrees. Fifty two students have cleared the NET in Sandur Taluka of Ballari District. This lush
and SLET. green campus has 10 post graduate courses with
adequate hostel facilities for both boys and girls as
Vision: Rani Channamma University Belagavi well as accommodation to faculty. A new campus
will be an exemplar of academic excellence, aimed has come up in Koppal this year.
at to disseminate and advance knowledge in a
globalizing world where convergence of inter- 9LMD\DQDJDUD 6UL .ULVKQDGHYDUD\D 8QLYHUVLW\
disciplinary studies and research is emerging to at Ballari is one of the youngest universities
create a new pool of world-class manpower for the dedicated to design, development and delivery of
well being of the society. higher education in the districts of Ballari and
Koppal. The University is committed to improve
Mission : To impart innovative and quality access and reach to increase the Gross Enrolment
education of global-standard, to produce skilled Ratio (GER) so that the overall development of the
692
human power.; To foster educational programmes region happens.
Ballari is a contradiction of sorts. The institute Wing 2.Research Wing 3.Publication Wing
has the richest and the poorest as its citizens, the 4. Administrative Wing through which the
institute has the highly educated citizens who have university has to be dynamically active. The
DFKLHYHGH[FHÁHQFHLQWKHLUÀHOGDQGWKHLQVWLWXWH university will promote the activities related to
are also with the lowest Human Development Samskrit in Karnataka through these wings. One
,QGH[ +', 7KLV GLVSDULW\ LV UHÁHFWHG LQ DOPRVW +XQGUHG DFUHV RI ODQG KDV EHHQ LGHQWLÀHG IRU
DOOÀHOGV(GXFDWLRQLVWKHRQO\VROXWLRQWKDWRXU the University in Kuduru Hobli, Magadi Taluk,
University seeks to improve so that this disparity Ramanagar District. The university currently
is reduced to the minimum, This ensures that includes 2 constituent Samskrit Colleges, 10
while competitive spirit is kept alive, the basic DLGHG DIÀOLDWHG FROOHJHV DQG XQDLGHG DIÀOLDWHG
human needs of a civilization is niet with dignity colleges under its ambit. It has established the
and pride. Directorate of Samskrit Education, to take care
of Pre-university education in Karnataka. The
Skilling thousands of our young students in directorate includes 354 recognised Samskrita
formal ways arid co-curricular formats are being pathashalas throughout the state.
GHSOR\HG MXVW WR HQVXUH WKDW HYHU\ VWXGHQW LV
entitled to a decent career arid quality of life. The Karnataka Samskrit University has the
Information and Communication Technology IROORZLQJ REMHFWLYHV 7R IXQFWLRQ DV D KLJK
is being leveraged to the best extent possible to level teaching and research institution in
reach the inaccessible So that the institute might Samskrit language, Literature and Vedic studies
GLVFRYHUWKHJHPVDQGGLDPRQGVWKDW9LMD\DQDJDUD and Shastras such as Vyakarana, Samkhya,
was once famous for arbeit in human beings and <RJD 1\D\D 9DLVKHVKLND 0LPDPVD 9HGDQWD
QRWMXVWVWRQHV Bauddha, Jaina, Dharma Shastra and others and
also supportive education. 2. To preserve, foster
Karnataka Samskrit University: Karnataka and promote the traditional system of learning
Samskrit University has been formed exclusively in Vedic, Agamic and Cognate Literature, with
for the development of Samskrit language. special emphasis on unique features available in
6DPVNULWKDVDKRDU\JORULRXVVFLHQWLÀFOLWHUDU\ Karnataka. 3. To highlight the wisdom contained
EDUCATION AND
cultural tradition and heritage. Its contribution in in the Vedic and other disciplines and their
SPORTS
the area of Prose, Poetry, Drama, Dance, Sculpture, reference to the modern world. 4. To facilitate
Paintings, Fine arts, Medicines, Philosophy and and regulate advance study and research in the
other allied areas is far more extensive and lasting ÀHOGV OLNH *HHWD EDVHG PDQDJHPHQW VFLHQFH
than has been realised by the Indian scholars till <RJD EDVHG KXPDQ 3V\FKRORJ\ (FREDODQFH
today. related-health related traditional knowledge,
Archaeology, Ancient Sciences, Agama Shastra,
The university was established in 2010 with
Ayurvedic Sciences, Humanities, Social Sciences,
great efforts by the Kanataka Government. The
Performing arts, Fine Arts and Communication.
study of Samskrit language and literature was
Vedadhyayana and Vedabhashya Studies and
greatly encouraged by the kings of Mysore. There
any other Sciences that have developed in
are 31 Samskrit colleges in Karnataka. There are
Samskrit; To highlight the profoundness of
also 243 aided Veda and Samskrita Pathashalas
WKH UDWLRQDO DSSURDFK DQG WKH VFLHQWLÀF WHPSHU
spread over the state. Directorate of samskrit
presented in the Vedas and the Shastras in the
education is established by the Government
context of pursuit of knowledge empowerment
of Karnataka to administer the samskrit and realization of higher levels of consciousness.;
pathashalas. The Karnataka Samskrit University 6. To consolidate, revive and promote the
was established with the vision and mission of Bharateeya Jnana Parampara as also to integrate
bringing these together under a single umbrella, WKHVFLHQWLÀFWKRXJKWVFRQWDLQHGLQWKH9HGDVDQG
maintaining uniformity in education, providing Samskrit Literature particularly in the disciplines
greater opportunities for study for students and of Agriculture, Astronomy, Biology, Chemistry,
teachers and to raise the standards in Samskrit Humanities, Information Technology, Law and
research at National and International level. Jurisprudence, Management, Mathematics,
Karnataka Samskrit University has Metallurgy, Meteorology, Physics, Social Sciences
693
predominantly four wings. They are 1. Teaching DQG<RJDZLWKPRGHUQVFLHQWLÀFDQGWHFKQRORJLFDO
studies.; 7. To bring out awareness about the REMHFWLYHV WKURXJK the following educational
authentic interpretations of the Vedas.; 8. To activities: 1. Strengthening Samskrit pathashalas
create a network of Vedic, Samskrit Institutions, and colleges and creating the required facilities.;
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
Educational and Research oriented Institutes 2. Encouraging students through scholarships.;
KDYLQJ VLPLODU REMHFWLYHV ZLWK UHFLSURFDO 3. Developing good library facilities in pathashalas
arrangements and facilities for interaction with a and colleges.; 4. Developing good hostel facilities
view to fostering a synergy of efforts made by all in colleges and providing food-lodging facilities
such Universities and Institutions.; 9. To create WR VWXGHQWV ZLWK MRLQW HIIRUW RI WKH JRYHUQPHQW
a body of literature in Modern Indian and foreign and local patrons.; 5. Encouraging students to
languages on the contents of Samskrit and the organise and participate in Samskritotsavas and
Vedas.; 10. To translate/publish all the Vedas, Samskrit competitions in each Taluk and district.;
Shastrik works and related texts, Bhashyas 6. Identifying outstanding students in BA-
and Commentaries in Kannada and other Samskrit, MA-Samskrit and Vedic studies every
languages.; 11. To build-up audio, audio-visual \HDU(QFRXUDJLQJWKHPWKURXJKFHUWLÀFDWHVDQG
records of Vedic Chanting and related traditional cash-prizes with the help of endowments, trusts
practices.;12. To take appropriate measures and public funds.; 7. Providing special facilities for
for promoting inter-disciplinary studies and Samskrit students of scheduled caste, scheduled
research in the university and such other related tribes and other backward classes.; 8. Conducting
activities congenial at University level.; 13. To competitions in Samskrit singing, gamaka and
collect, preserve, critically edit and publish rare samskrit-sports.; 9. Introducing compulsory
manuscripts and ancient works by establishing English and Computer papers at Kaavya,
an Oriental Research Institute in Samskrit. 14. Saahitya and Vidvat exams and formulating
To computerize and digitize the entire corpus of DSSURSULDWHV\OODELIRUWKHVDPH 6FLHQWLÀFDOO\
manuscripts and Samskrit texts.; 15. To bring revising the syllabus from Prathamaa to Vidvat
RXW 5HVHDUFK MRXUQDOV RI KLJK VWDQGDUG WKURXJK levels. Ensuring that the texts focus equally on
the University/Departments.; 16. To organise ancient and modern knowledge systems.; 11.
seminars, conferences, workshops, Vidvath Creating higher learning centres for Samskrit
Goshties with a view to promoting awareness in North Karnataka, Hyderabad Karnataka,
about the messages contained in ancient Uttara Kannada, Dakshina Kannada and Central
knowledge systems.; 17. To admit educational Karnataka. Providing an environment conducive
institutions not maintained by the university to higher study and research in these centres.
WR WKH SULYLOHJHV RI WKH 8QLYHUVLW\ DV DIÀOLDWHG Undertaking collaborations with local Samskrit
colleges/mahapathashalas/pathashalas in learning bodies.; 12. Introducing special package
Karnataka.; 18. To provide through its professors, programmes for all pathashalas older than 50 years
teachers and the Department; a special research and develop infrastructure in these pathashalas;
institutes such teaching and guidance as the 13. Providing equal recognition and opportunities
DIÀOLDWHGFROOHJHVPDKDSDWKDVKDODVSDWKDVKDODV to Vidvat-scholars, as those available to BA and
may require.; 19. To undertake any other activities MA degree holders.
FRQQHFWHG ZLWK RU LQFLGHQWDO WR DERYH REMHFWLYHV
The logo of Karnataka Samskrit University was
of the University.; 20. To recognise and maintain
created by a famed artist of Karnataka, Sri. Mu-
for any purpose, either in whole or part, any
ralidhara V Rathod. The logo, as conceptualised
institution on such terms and conditions as may
by the honourable Vice Chancellor and the artist,
vary from time to time be prescribed by Statutes
is unique. It contains the title of the university in
and to withdraw such recognition.; 21. To do such
Devanagari, English and Kannada scripts. Deva-
acts and other things, whether incidental to the
nagari script has been chosen since the university
power of aforesaid or not, as may be required in
is based on the foundations of Samskrit language,
RUGHUWRSURPRWHWKHREMHFWLYHVRIWKHXQLYHUVLW\
literature and knowledge. Devanagari has been
; 22. To maintain such bodies as are by statutes
extensively used since ancient times for represent-
declared to be the authorities of the University.;
ing many Indian languages. Through Devanagari
23. To establish ‘Chairs’ in various disciplines for
script, the University symbolises the greatness of
conducting advanced research.
694 the divine language, Samskrit. The expanse and
The University is trying to achieve the above global reach of the university is VLJQLÀHG E\ WKH
English script. The university is a dream-child of textual importance of such knowledge sources.
the Karnataka government. It is a representative This collection, preservation and conservation of
of all Samskrit scholars of Karnataka, and also Folk elements need highly professional stream of
intends to nurture mutual co-operation between academicians who can transform such thoughts
Samskrit and Kannada languages. This is signi- into practices. This is possible only when gradu-
ÀHGE\WKHXVHRI.DQQDGDVFULSWLQWKHORJR ates are produced not only with skills to deal with
such material but also, with the right aptitude to
The bird used focally by the logo is our National
do such work. They should admire our culture
bird, the Peacock. The peacock represents beau-
DQG KHULWDJH ÀUVW 7KHUHIRUH WKHUH ZDV D SUHVV-
ty and creativity. The vast expanse of knowledge
ing need for establishing a Folklore University to
which will be nurtured by the university is sym-
provide an opportunity for Higher Education and
bolically represented by this peacock. It empha-
DOVRWRFRQGXFWDGYDQFHG5HVHDUFKLQWKHÀHOGRI
sises the vision that human life should be en-
Folkloristics.
twined inseparably with knowledge.
There is an urgent need for exploring the tradi-
Motto for the university has been chosen from tional art and cultural glory through research and
Srimanmahabharata of Vedavyasa. The motto it is needed to disseminate the abundant skill of
has been represented in Devanagari script in the VSHFLÀFDUWVHPEHGGHGLQWKHOLIHRIWKHSHRSOHRI
ORJR¶SUDMYœOLWRMxœQDPD\DSUDGūpa’ indicates the our land. There is an ample treasure of knowledge
supremacy of knowledge. This motto represents which is yet to be unveiled for the purpose of utili-
WKHREMHFWLYHRIWKHXQLYHUVLW\WRXQLWHDQFLHQWDQG ]DWLRQ$WWKLVMXQFWXUHWKH)RONORUH8QLYHUVLW\LV
modern knowledge systems. The lamp of knowl- established. The expectation of scholars and folk
edge should light up this world, going beyond performers is very high about the functioning of
SODFH DQG WLPH²WKLV LV WKH REMHFWLYH 7KLV ODPS WKLVXQLYHUVLW\7KHREMHFWLYHVPD\EHGHVLJQHGE\
will never be extinguished. It is not fueled by oil, the experts, but they express what is ardently de-
but by knowledge itself, and will continue to burn sired by the proud people of this land.
forever. The logo and motto of the university rep-
resent this dream, with which the university has It is apt at this moment to recall the great mem-
EDUCATION AND
been set up. ories of a visionary- the then Rural Development
Minister Late. Nazir Sab who understood the pulse
SPORTS
Karnataka Folklore University of common folk very well. He is an inspiration and
Karnataka Folklore University is established root cause for the early efforts to start a special
ZLWK D VSHFLÀF REMHFWLYH RI SURYLGLQJ WKH JUHDW- Institute for folklore studies. He directed Late Jee.
er platform in Folklore Studies. There can be no Sham. Paramashivaiah to submit a proposal for
doubt that this university will bring to perspec- preservation and conservation of Folklore. In that
tive the vibrant folk culture of Karnataka to the proposal submitted to Govt. of Karnataka, Prof.
topmost level of visibility among all other cultur- Jee.Sham. Paramashivaiah mentioned, for the
al forms of Karnataka and bring to fruition the ÀUVWWLPHDERXWWKHQHHGRID)RONORUH8QLYHUVLW\
meaningful initiative of the Government of Kar- The dream visualized by J.S. Paramashivaiah is
nataka. At present in the whole of Asia, this is realized now because of the consistent efforts of
the only university providing advanced teaching, many Shri. Go.Ru. Channabasappa has created a
learning and research opportunities to students space by bringing enough pressure on ministers
of folklore and it has a commitment to excel in who are at the helm of affairs to take the decision
translating its vision and mission into reality. Es- of establishing a university for Folklore Studies.
tablishment of this university has certainly added This was effectively supported by the efforts of
a new dimension to higher education in Karnata- other leaders and senior scholars such as Prof.
ka, worthy of emulation by other linguistic states De.Javare Gowda, Prof. Chandra Shekhar Kam-
of India, as the next frontier of inclusive studies of bara, Late G. Narayana, Shri T. Kempa Hanu-
Kannada culture. maiah, Prof. D. Lingaiah, Mukhyamantri Chand-
ru and many others.
Karnataka is a rich treasure house of Traditional
Knowledge. The process of unearthing this knowl- Shri. Go.Ru. Channabasappa observed closely
edge involves collecting data, documenting the the efforts and care towards the conservation 695
knowledge system and understanding the con- and preservation of Folk Culture at various
institutions at the International level, he has now. Shri Go.Ru. Channabasappa and his team
visualized the need for an exclusive university consistently appraised and convinced the then
for Folklore Studies. He submitted a proposal &KLHI 0LQLVWHU 6KUL %6 <DGL\XUDSSD DERXW WKH
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
to the Government of Karnataka on 18.05.2009. progress in establishing folklore university.
He organized a meeting of experts at Karnataka
The Hon’ble Ministers of Government of
Folklore Academy, Bengaluru. This Committee
.DUQDWDND 6KUL %DVDYDUDMD %RPPDL DQG 6KUL
strongly recommended the establishment of
C.M. Udasi are instrumental in establishing and
Folklore University. This letter was submitted
functioning of this University at Gotagodi. The
to the Govt. on 23rd July 2009. The Govt. of
GHHSFRQFHUQVKRZQE\6KUL%DVDYDUDMD%RPPDL
Karnataka highly appreciated the spirit of
is very deeply appreciated. He has involved
experts and responded positively and conducted
himself wholeheartedly on all occasions since
an interactive meeting with experts on 22nd
the conception of the process of establishing this
December 2009. The essence of this interactive
university, till the land which was selected for
meeting was reported to the Chief Minister.
this purpose and handed over to the University.
Ultimately the then Chief Minister Shri B.S. This was done in minimum time span, because
<HGL\XUDSSD FRQVLGHUHG )RONORUH 8QLYHUVLW\ RIWKHVSHFLDOHIIRUWVRI6KUL%DVDYDUDMD%RPPDL
as his dream child and processed positively He wishes this university, which is established in
and thus Karnataka Folklore University is his constituency should grow to the level of an
established. The declaration of the establishment International Institute. The other two personalities
of Karnataka Folklore University is announced on to be remembered at this hour of success are
WK 6HSWHPEHU DQG WKH 6SHFLDO 2IÀFHU LV Shri Aravinda Limbavali, who is instrumental
appointed on the same day. in conducting important interactive meetings
with experts and Late Dr.V.S. Acharya who has
$IWHUWKHDSSRLQWPHQWRIVSHFLDORIÀFHUDWHDP showered all sorts of affection and extended whole
of experts began to survey the land required KHDUWHG VXSSRUW +H KDV GHÀQHG WKH GUHDP RI
for constructing the campus. This team was establishment of a different type of university for
headed by Shri Go.Ru. Channabasappa, the then folk culture studies in a proper frame of practical
chairperson of Karnataka Janapada Academy, thought and helped by commencing the process of
and the members are Prof. M.M. Kalburgi, Dr establishing this university with good momentum.
& 9HHUDQQD 'U %DVDYDUDMD 0DODVKHWW\ DQG 'U
Ramu Mulagi. After the thorough survey, they In sum total, the credit of establishing a mono
KDYH LGHQWLÀHG ODQG QHDU *RWDJRGL RI 6KLJJDRQ faculty university for Folklore studies goes to
Taluk in Haveri District which is situated exactly Government of Karnataka. This is a new inclusion
in the Central part of Karnataka. This land had in the series of other mono faculty universities
additional facilities such as being near to National such as Health, Veterinary, Horticulture, Music,
Highway, Airport and Railway Station. The land Sanskrit etc. Through the establishment of this
is rich in Ground Water and natural beauty. This Folklore University, Government of Karnataka
SODFHLVVHOHFWHGDVLWUHÁHFWVWKHFORVHFRQQHFWLRQV has respected the life and culture of the rural
between Folklore and Nature. agrarian communities, farmers, farm labourers,
Shramikas, Dalits, Nomads, Tribal people and all
The Traditional lifestyle and rural economy those who have kept alive the folk culture and way
have become destabilised due to the abnormal of life in various ways. All credit is due to the folk
LQÁXHQFHV RI ,QGXVWULDOL]DWLRQ /LEHUDOL]DWLRQ communities for this.
and Globalization. The Tribal and Rural Folklife
islosing its cultural roots. This has created Bangalore Central University
an urgency of creating awareness about the History And Legacy Of Central College: Bengaluru
traditional knowledge systems to the younger Central University inherits the legacy of the 160
generations and these knowledge systems year old of the central college campus. It all
have to be appropriately applied in the modern started in the year 1858 when the British started
perspective so as to uplift their values once again. a modest school called the ‘Bangalore High School’
In this background the decision of establishing a ZLWK ÀYH VWXGHQWV DIWHU VRPH OHDGLQJ FLWL]HQV
of the city petitioned the British. It formed the
696 Folklore University under the able advice of Shri
nucleus of what would evolve into an important
Go.Ru. Channabasappa has created a history
component of one of India’s leading universities Central College became the city campus of the
before it would become an independent university University. During this time, T.P. Issar, an Indian
in post-independent India. Administrative SeUYLFH ,$6 RIÀFHU ZKR URVH WR
become the chief secretary of Karnataka was
,QSHUKDSVDVDVLJQRILWVJURZLQJLQÁXHQFH
the Registrar of the University. Eventually, the
as an institution of higher education, (it had 43
XQLYHUVLW\ RIÀFHV PRYHG WR WKH -QDQD %KDUDWKL
VWXGHQWVDWWKLVSRLQW WKH¶+LJK6FKRRO·FKDQJHG
campus of Bangalore University.
its name to ‘Central College’ when it became a
First-Grade College, one of the oldest in India. It is also pertinent to mention that the identity
Some of the early names associated with Central of Central College is linked closely with that of
College include Charles Walters, H. J. Bhabha, the city of Bengaluru and city residents intimately
John Cook, R. H. Piggot, M. T. Narayana Iyengar, LGHQWLI\ ZLWK WKH PDMHVWLF FROOHJH DV VRPHWKLQJ
John Guthrie Tait, F. R. Sell, Dr. E. P. Metcalfe that belongs to them. Even a cursory look at its
and Prof. C. R. Narayana Rao among other. All list of alumni from the nineteenth century makes
these people were responsible for the College to it evident that the alumni of Central College
acquire great reputation as a leading institute of have had a deep and pervasive impact on the
higher education in India. growth and development of Bengaluru well into
In 1916, the desire of many of the citizens of WKHWZHQW\ÀUVWFHQWXU\DVLWWUDQVLWLRQHGIURPD
Mysuru was sated when the University of Mysore sleepy town favored by pensioners to the bustling
ZDV HVWDEOLVKHG ZLWK 0DKDUDMDK·V &ROOHJH LQ metropolis that is the Information Technology
Mysuru (formerly Mysore) and Central College in capital of the world today. The 43-acre verdant
Bengaluru forming the two main colleges under campus in Central Bengaluru is also an important
its aegis. Right from its early days, Central College green space in the city with valuable architectural
was essentially a science campus. Around the time heritage.
when the college became part of the University of
Today at the 160th Anniversary of the Central
Mysore, it acquired its imposing look with two
College it is taking birth again as Bengaluru
big laboratories on either side of the main central
Central University. This is a daunting
EDUCATION AND
block with its tall clock tower.
responsibility to live up to the standards set by
SPORTS
Central College soon became the most important the legacy.
institution for college education in Bengaluru as
The mission of BCU is the creation,
well as in Mysore State. Apart from the B. A. and
dissemination and application of knowledge
B. A. (Hons.) degrees, the college also offered a
and to nurture the appropriate milieu for
well-regarded B.Sc. Degree. A variety of literary
societies were also formed around this time. this endeavour. As a state public university
situated in the heart of Bengaluru, it aim to 1)
English and Kannada departments were Be a gateway to knowledge for all, while actively
established early on at the Central College. promoting access, affordability, equity and
Mathematics began to be taught in an organized inclusiveness. 2) Foster a vibrant culture by
manner from 1870 onwards. The Physics facilitating an open exchange of knowledge and
department was founded in 1882. Chemistry, ideas among academia, government, industry,
which was being taught as a minor discipline got community and society at large, 3) Enrich the
its own department in 1913. Zoology and Botany social, economic, cultural and political heritage,
were organized into two separate departments in by leveraging on the human capital and resources
1908 and 1919 respectively. Recognizing the need of the city and the region, 4) Enhance the
for mining engineers considering that Kolar Gold
reputation, growth and potential of Bengaluru as
Fields was not far away, Geology was taught from
a leading global metropolis, 5) Achieve excellence
1898 at the College. Subsequently, Sanskrit, Urdu,
in teaching, research and service by engaging
Persian, Tamil, Telugu and Hindi also had their
with issues of relevance in the local and global
own departments. After independence French and
contexts, 6) Create leaders of tomorrow across
German also began to be taught regularly at the
VFLHQWLÀF VRFLRHFRQRPLF FXOWXUDO DQG SROLWLFDO
College.
domains, 7) Develop among students a spirit of
697
In 1964, Bangalore University was founded and inquiry, respect for labour and social conscience,
9) Become a distinctive public university by Karnataka State Rural Development and
DGRSWLQJ LQQRYDWLYH HIÀFLHQW SUDFWLFHV LQ LWV Panchayat Raj University, Gadag : Vision: The
governance, academic and administrative affairs, vision of the university is to act as a centre of
KARNATAKA
excellence to transform rural society by the creation
HAND BOOK OF
and excel in serving all its constituencies.
of a dedicated, committed human resource which
Bangalore North University: The Government participates in the rural development process to
RI .DUQDWDND KDV QRWLÀHG WKH HVWDEOLVKPHQW ensure sustainable rural development and broad
of Bengaluru North University by trifurcating based improvement in the quality of life of rural
the erstwhile Bangalore University through its population.
8QLYHUVLW\ *D]HWWH 1RWLÀFDWLRQ GDWHG
Mission : The mission of the university is
2015. The Territorial Jurisdiction of Bengaluru to impart education and training to various
North University covers all the Legislative stake holders for rapid economic growth and
Assembly constituencies of Kolar District; sustainable development that reduces poverty
Kolar P.G.Center; Chikkaballapur District; and creates employment opportunities, access to
C.V.Ramannagar, K.R.Puram, Mahadevpura, essential services in health, education and skill
Pulikeshinagar and Sarvagnanagar of Bengaluru development, leading to inclusive growth through
Urban District and Hosakote, Devanahalli and WKH GHPRFUDWLF PHFKDQLVP RI SDQFKD\DW UDM
Doddaballapur Legislative Constituencies of institutions, where people decide their own welfare
Bengaluru Rural District. and economic and socio-political development.
Bengaluru North University (BNU) is a state Evolution of the University : The
establishment of a separate Rural Development
university located in Tamaka, near NH
DQG 3DQFKD\DW 5DM 8QLYHUVLW\ LQ .DUQDWDND
75 in Kolar, Karnataka, India. The university
was envisioned by the pro-active Hon’ble RDPR
was established in 2017 by the Government
Minister Sri. H. K. Patil. Accordingly, the proposal
of Karnataka through the Karnataka of establishment of the University has been
State Universities (Amendment) Act, 2015 approved by both the houses of Legislature in the
[2] trifurcating Bangalore University by Chief Minister’s Budget speech 2013-14.The State
creating Bengaluru North University and Government Constituted an Expert Committee
Bengaluru Central University. The university under the Chairmanship of Shri S.V.Ranganath,
was inaugurated on 21 September 2017. Former Chief Secretary, Government of
Karnataka to study the issues involved in the
7KH XQLYHUVLW\ KDV DIÀOLDWHG implementation of this decision of Government.
FROOHJHV$IÀOLDWLRQWRWKHWKUHHXQLYHUVLWLHVLVEDVHG 7KH &RPPLWWHH GHOLEHUDWHG RQ VHYHUDO VXEMHFWV
on Karnataka Legislative Assembly constituencies. and issues towards which the Rural Development
%18 DIÀOLDWLQJ DOO FROOHJHV XQGHU 6ULQLYDVSXU University should contribute decisively for
Mulbagal, KGF, Bangarpet, Kolar and Malur improving the lives of people living in rural
Assembly constituencies in Kolar district; K R Karnataka. Most of the problems faced by rural
Puram, Pulikeshinagar, Sarvagnanagar, C V areas such as hunger, malnutrition, entrenched
Raman Nagar and Mahadevapura Assembly poverty and unemployment, class and gender
constituencies in Bengaluru Urban district; inequalities, loss of land and livelihood
Gauribidanur, Bagepalli, Chikkaballapur, continue unabated in rural area. Despite ample
opportunities in the industrial and service sector
Sidlaghatta and Chintamani Assembly
in the urban areas, unemployment continues to
constituencies in Chikkaballapur district;
EH D PDMRU SUREOHP IRU UXUDO \RXWK DV WKH\ ODFN
Devanahalli, Doddaballapur and Hoskote
the necessary skills and training required for the
Assembly constituencies in Bengaluru Rural
QHZMREVDQGVHUYLFHVDULVLQJRXWRIQHZHFRQRPLF
district. The university will operate for academic developments. The proposed school for Skill
\HDU ² IURP WHPSRUDU\ RIÀFHV LQ WKH Development training will address this issue.
campus of Karnataka State Open University at
The Committee members visited several
Tamaka on the outskirts of Kolar. A permanent
Institutions for Study, such as Institute of Rural
campus is constructed at Amaravathi village
698 in Chickballapur district. Management (IRMA) Anand, National Institute of
Rural Development (NIRD), Hyderabad, Gandhi
gram, Madurai, Indian Institute of Management are situated within the radius of 100 km. It is a
(IIM), Ahmedabad, Tata Institute of Social place of well known musicians like Panchakshara
Sciences (TISS), Mumbai etc. The Committee felt it *DYDL3XWWDUDMD*DYDL6PW*DQJXEDL+DQDJDOOD
is necessary to create through the proposed RDPR Bhimsen Joshi.
University a committed, dedicated professional
University of Agricultural Sciences (UAS),
manpower and a human resource to address
various issues involved in Rural Development. GKVK, Bengaluru: History: It was her excellency
0DKDUDQL .HPSD 1DQMDPPDQQL 9DQL 9LODVD
Establishment of the University: A Karnataka Sannidhi the Regent of Mysuru in 1899 who
6WDWH 5XUDO 'HYHORSPHQW DQG 3DQFKD\DW 5DM donated 30 acres of land for Experimental
University Act, 2016 was enacted for establishment Agricultural Station at Hebbal and appointed Dr
of a unitary University for Rural Development Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research
DQG 3DQFKD\DW 5DM LQ WKH 6WDWH RI .DUQDWDND on soil crop response with laboratory in the
for teaching, training, research on Sustainable Directorate of Agriculture. Later in 1906, Dr
Development and PanchD\DW5DM,QVWLWXWLRQV7KLV Leslie Coleman, Canadian Entolomologist and
Act was enacted with an intention to strengthen the Mycologist who succeeded Dr Lehmann and
local self governance system and to give impetus served with missionary zeal for 25 years. This
for the study and research for a comprehensive Experimental Station was allotted 202 acres with
Rural Development in the state of Karnataka. 30 acres of wetland, receiving rainfall of 808 mm
Establishment of this University has been one later. In 1913, Sir M Vishveshwaraiah, the then
of the ambitious programme of the Government Diwan of Mysore (1912-1919) played the key role
of Karnataka, headed by Hon’ble Chief Minister, in establishing the Mysore Agriculture Residential
Shri.Siddaramaiah. The University is established School at Hebbal in 1913 and appointed Dr
under the able guidance of a far-sighted Hon’ble /HVOLH &ROHPDQ WKH ÀUVW 'LUHFWRU RI $JULFXOWXUH
RDPR Minister and with the support of Dr. N. Mysuru to head this school to offer licentiate in
Nagambika Devi, Principal Secretary to Govt. Agriculture for 15 students annually. In 1946:
RDPR Department at Gadag and at present it Mr M.A. Srinivasan, Minister of Agriculture, took
is housed in a historic Raitha Bhavan Building, initiative to establish Agriculture College, Hebbal,
EDUCATION AND
*DGDJDQGKDVD5HJLRQDO2IÀFHDW%HQJDOXUX7KH for offering four year professional degree program
SPORTS
new campus will be developed in a total area of LQ$JULFXOWXUHDIÀOLDWHGWRWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI0\VRUH
about 400 acres of Land allotted to the University. In 1956, Sri Kengal Hanumanthaiah, the Chief
The University is all set to launch its academic Minister, decided to construct a new building
programmes from the academic year 2017. for Agriculture College and laid the Foundation
Stone on 25/Jan/1956. In 1961, GOI constituted
History and Introduction of Gadag: Gadag
Agricultural University Committee headed by
is a centrally located district head quarter of
Dr. Ralph Cummings of Rockefeller Foundation.
Karnataka with its rural culture. It is a place of
The Committee visited Hebbal Bengaluru in
great literate Kumaravyasa who wrote valuable
June 1961 and submitted a favorable report for
literary work ‘Gadagina Bharatha’. It is a main
formation of Agricultural University at Hebbal.
$JULFXOWXUH&HQWUHDQGSOD\HGVLJQLÀFDQWSODFHLQ
In 1963, Government of Mysore headed by Sri S
co-operative movement. It has well connected rail 1LMDOLQJDSSD &0 LQ $SULO GHFLGHG WR HVWDEOLVK
and road network from other cities of the State UAS along the lines of Land Grant College system
and is around 55 km away from Hubballi Airport. of USA and passed the University of Agricultural
Gadag is a hub of educational institutions such Sciences Bill (Act No. 22) which received assent
as Government Medical College, Government of the President of India on 25th May 1963 to
Veterinary College, Private Engineering Colleges become the Law. The CM granted 1300 acres to
and a Rural Engineering College in Hulkoti and Gandhi Krishi Vignana Kendra Campus. In 1964,
has many other reputed education institutions. Government appointed Dr KC Naik, MSc, Ph.D
The historic place Lakkundi is a part of Gadag %ULVWRO ZRUNLQJ ZLWK 86$,' DV WKH ÀUVW 9LFH
district which is a Karmabhumi of daana Chancellor on 12th June 1964.
chinthamani Attimabbe who patronaged the great
The UAS was inaugurated by Dr Zakir Hussain,
poet Ranna. The world famous historic places
the Vice President of India on 21st Aug 1964 in the 699
like Aihole, Pattadakallu of Badami and Hampi
august presence of Mr Chester Bowles, the then
86$PEDVVDGRUWR,QGLDDQG6UL61LMDOLQJDSSD newly created Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and
the then CM. In 1969: Smt Indira Gandhi, the Fisheries Sciences University with headquarters
then Prime Minister, inaugurated GKVK campus at Bidar, is offering the Veterinary science, Dairy
KARNATAKA
science and Fishery science degree programs.
HAND BOOK OF
on 12th July.
In 1958, Veterinary College, Hebbal was Objectives : Teaching: To make agricultural
established. On October 1, 1965, the Colleges of education responsive to the growing and changing
Agriculture at Hebbal and Dharwad, Veterinary needs of the society in general and aspirations of
College at Hebbal, 35 research stations located the farming community in particular. To establish
all over Karnataka and 45 ICAR schemes which a dynamic system of agricultural education to
were with the State Department of Agriculture, train highly skilled and competent manpower to
Horticulture, Animal Husbandry and Fisheries address the challenging tasks with new emerging
were transferred to the newly established areas of research, extension and industry.
University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru.
Research:To develop suitable end-use technol-
Later, Marine Product Processing Training Centre
ogies to solve farmers problems vis-à-vis agricul-
(MPPTC) at Mangaluru and the Krishi Vignana
tural production including animal husbandry and
Kendra, Hanumanamatti, Dharwad district were
ÀVKHULHVDQGIRVWHUUHVHDUFKDLPHGDWFRQFHSWXDO
transferred to the University.
advances in all disciplines for technology devel-
The University established Fisheries College at opment in the long run.To establish state-of-art
Mangaluru in 1969 to offer Bachelor of Fisheries infrastructure including well-equipped labora-
Science training and the Agricultural Engineering tories, extensive farmlands and an operational
Institute at Raichur to offer three year diploma in research management system that will ensure
Agricultural Engineering. In 1974, Home Science TXLFNHIÀFLHQWDQGFRVWHIIHFWLYHLPSOHPHQWDWLRQ
College was started to impart education in rural RIUHVHDUFKSURJUDPPHV7RDWWUDFWTXDOLÀHGDQG
home science at Dharwad campus, besides talented personnel to undertake research in the
establishing a College of Basic Sciences and University.
Humanities and College of Post Graduate Studies Extension: 7RHQVXUHWKDWWKHUHVHDUFKÀQGLQJV
at Hebbal. and innovations, after their proven demonstration
The University began its academic activities are communicated to the farmers on a logistically
by offering in degree programs in Agriculture feasible scale. This mechanism acts as an interface
and Veterinary disciplines. Later degree between farmers and researchers and enables
program in Fisheries science was added with the LGHQWLÀFDWLRQRISUREOHPVWKURXJKDSRVLWLYHIHHG
establishment of Fishery college at Mangaluru. back. To reach the knowledge and technology to
Due to need for horticulture specialization, degree farmers on a wider scale by training the grassroot
program in Horticulture was added with the OHYHOZRUNHUVDQGRIÀFHUVRIWKHVWDWHGHSDUWPHQWV
establishment of Horticulture college at Mudigere. of agriculture, horticulture and sericulture on
The degree program in Dairy science was added UHFHQW DGYDQFHV LQ WKH UHVSHFWLYH ÀHOGV WKURXJK
by starting the Dairy Science College, at Hebbal. VXEMHFWPDWWHUVSHFLDOLVWV
The Department of Agricultural Marketing The University of Agricultural Sciences-
and Co-operation was newly created which %HQJDOXUX 8$6% ZDVWKHÀUVW6WDWH$JULFXOWXUDO
commenced the degree program in Agricultural University (SAU) in Karnataka established in
Marketing and Co-operation. The new college of 1963 through an act of the Legislature of the
Forestry in Ponnampet, South Kodagu, offered then Mysore State. The visionary leaders of the
the degree program in Forestry, the new college nation realized the importance of modern science
of Sericulture at Chintamani offered the degree and technology and higher education as means to
program in Sericulture. The Chintamani campus shore up the woefully inadequate food production
also offers B.Sc(Agri) program from 2007. The in the country. In less than a decade of the
Department of Agricultural Engineering offered establishment of UAS-B and a few other SAUs in
the Bachelors degree in Agricultural Engineering. WKH FRXQWU\ ,QGLD UHFRUGHG D SKHQRPHQDO MXPS
This heralded ruralization of education utilizing in food production and the English language
the facilities in the already existing Agricultural acquired a new phrase - Green Revolution. The
700
Research Stations. Currently the recently and rest, as they say is history.
It is a matter of great pride for UAS-B to have have separate Agricultural Universities to provide
played out its role in ushering in a quantum leap D PDMRU WKUXVW WR WKH SURFHVV RI GHYHORSPHQW
in food production in the state through a slew of of agriculture in India. In pursuance of this,
technological interventions in the 1970’s and 80’s. Government of India appointed an Education
The unbounded enthusiasm of the faculty left no Commission in 1948 under the Chairmanship
stone unturned and no crop untouched – from the of Dr. S. Radhakrishnan which recommended
traditional cereal-pulse-oilseed cropping system the establishment of rural universities in
to viticulture, every crop got its due attention on the country. SXEVHTXHQWO\ WZR MRLQW ,QGR
innovations in production technology. Several American Study Teams, one headed by K.R.
other allied sectors like horticulture, sericulture, Damale (1955) and the other by M.S. Randhawa
forestry, animal husbandry also witnessed (1959) recommended the establishment of rural
transformational changes turning Karnataka into universities in India on the Land Grant Pattern
a model state for agriculture, horticulture and Institutions of USA. In 1960, the Government
dairy industry. This huge impact was achieved of India appointed the Agricultural University
despite the fact that more than two-thirds of the Committee headed by Dr. Ralph W.Cummings from
state was dependent on rain-fed agriculture. the United States, which prepared blueprint and
guidelines for the establishment of Agricultural
While the university’s contributions are truly
Universities in different States. As a result of these
laudable, we must also not lose track of the fact
GHYHORSPHQWV WKH ÀUVW $JULFXOWXUDO 8QLYHUVLW\
that much of this was achieved through very
came into existence in Pantnagar, Uttar Pradesh
important but basic interventions like improved
during 1960.
varieties, better crop nutrition and improved
agronomic practices tailored to the respective 7KH ÀUVW $JULFXOWXUDO 8QLYHUVLW\ LQ .DUQDWDND
agro-climatic zones. In other words, we had a was inaugurated on August 21, 1964 at
rich harvest of the low-hanging fruits in the Bengaluru. The University of Agricultural
ODVW FHQWXU\ 5HDFKLQJ KLJKHU LQ WKH WZHQW\ÀUVW Sciences, Bengaluru was made responsible for
century poses new challenges; of depleting natural agricultural education, research and extension for
resources like water, climate change, stagnating WKHHQWLUH.DUQDWDND6WDWH7KHÀUVW$JULFXOWXUDO
EDUCATION AND
yields in crops especially in pulses and oilseeds, University itself was to be established at
SPORTS
rebound of pests and disease and the slow pace Dharwad but due to lack of facilities as required
of indigenous efforts in mechanization, to name by the American Experts, it was established in
but a few. Efforts to push the envelope on new Bengaluru. The contributions made by College of
technologies to tackle these challenges will be Agriculture, Dharwad and other research stations
tougher than ever before. Precision agriculture, located in Northern Karnataka proved worthy
LPSURYHG ZDWHU XVH HIÀFLHQF\ DQG ELRWLF of having another Agricultural University in the
resistance in crops, molecular breeding, protected State. With the efforts of public representatives,
cultivation, climate resilient technologies for rain- farmers, students and those concerned with
fed farming, water saving irrigation systems, agriculture development, the second Agricultural
mechanization for small farms, value addition of University in the name of University of Agricultural
farm produce and market access to farmers are Sciences, Dharwad was established at Dharwad
some of the key areas the university is addressing on October 1, 1986. This University was formally
through its research within the framework of inaugurated by his excellency, the President of
sustainable farming. The academic programmes India, Shri Gyani Zail Singh on April 17, 1987.
of the university are dynamic too and focus on The erstwhile University of Agricultural
empowering the graduates in appreciating these Sciences, Bengaluru was bifurcated into two
challenges and preparing them as important Universities in 1986 viz., Bengaluru and
stake-holders in innovations for agriculture. The Dharwad. All the teaching institutions, research
vast network of colleges, research stations and stations and extension education units located
extension centres of the university will be required in twelve northern districts of Karnataka were
WRSOD\DQLQÁXHQWLDOUROHLQWKLVHQGHDYRXU transferred to the newly formed University of
University of Agricultural Sciences (UAS) Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad. When the UAS,
Dharwad: The Government of India wanted to Dharwad was established in 1986 it inherited 701
College of Agriculture and College of Rural Home of graduates and postgraduates in various
Sciences at Dharwad, College of Agriculture at disciplines of the University has been increasing
Raichur and Agricultural Engineering Institute over the years.
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
(offering diploma programme) at Raichur and
Research needs of farmers in the region are
Veterinary College at Bidar. In addition, the
catered through 30 research stations spread
Forestry Degree Programme [B.Sc. (Forestry)]
DFURVVÀYHDJURHFRV\VWHPVDQG$OO,QGLD&R
and the Degree Programme in Agricultural
RUGLQDWHG 5HVHDUFK 3URMHFWV $,&53V 3UHVHQWO\
Marketing and Co-operation [B.Sc. (Ag.Maco)]
DERXWH[WHUQDOO\IXQGHGSURMHFWVDUHRSHUDWLQJ
also became constituent programmes of UAS,
in the University undertaking basis and applied
Dharwad. The Agricultural Engineering Institute
UHVHDUFK 5.9< DQG SURMHFWV IXQGHG
which was offering a Diploma was elevated
by the Government of Karnataka are being
to the College level to offer bachelor’s degree
implemented. Several nationally/internationally
programme in Agricultural Engineering [B. Tech.
funded programmes like Obama Singh Knowledge
(Agril. Engg)]. The UAS, Dharwad established
Initiative, ICAR Niche Area of Excellence, CIDA-
RQH PRUH &ROOHJH RI $JULFXOWXUH DW 9LMD\DSXUD
0F*LOO &ROODERUDWLYH 3URMHFW :RUOG %DQN IXQGHG
during 1990. Kittur Rani Chennamma College of
6XMDOD,,, SURMHFW DUH EHLQJ LPSOHPHQWHG LQ WKH
Horticulture to offer Bachelor degree programme
University. Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) cell
leading to B.Sc. (Horticulture) was established
has been set up under the Directorate of Research
at Arabhavi during 1995. The Forestry Degree
to educate faculty on IPR issues and promote IP
Programme was elevated to an independent
protection. This apart, several mega institutes
constituent College of Forestry to offer UG and
have been established to meet the growing needs
PG programmes at Sirsi. During 2001, College
of the society.
of Agriculture at Bheemarayanagudi was
established. UAS, Dharwad was divided to carve Institute of Agri-Biotechnology (IABT): The
out University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot institute with its state of the art laboratories,
in 2008 and University of Agricultural Sciences, provides high quality education, training and
Raichur in 2009. When the UAS, Dharwad was R&D in plant and microbial molecular biology and
established in 1986, Postgraduate programmes ELRWHFKQRORJ\ 0DMRU DUHDV RI UHVHDUFK LQFOXGH
leading to Master’s and Ph.D programmes gene mining, translational research, functional
were offered only at Dharwad in 13 and 11 genomics, metagenomics, transcriptomics,
VXEMHFWV UHVSHFWLYHO\ &ROOHJH RI $JULFXOWXUH marker assisted selection and tissue culture for
Hanumanamatti was established in 2011 to cater crop improvement.
to the growing needs in the region. Later PG
Agri-Business and Export Knowledge Centre: The
programmes were offered in College of Forestry,
centre has been established to impart marketing
6LUVL DQG &ROOHJH RI $JULFXOWXUH 9LMD\DSXUD
and export knowledge to farmers and other
(2011). Currently, Master’s Degree Programme is
stakeholders. About 6,000 farmers have been
RIIHUHGLQVXEMHFWVDQG3K'LQVXEMHFWVLQ
reached through seminars, training programmes
all the teaching campuses except Hanumanamatti
and mass media. It has established links with 20
campus. Keeping in pace with growing demands in
export groups for mango, pomegranate and chilli
food processing industry, a four years Bachelor of
through establishing ‘Sufal Growers Association’.
Technology in Food Technology degree programme
has been started since 2012. Institute of Organic Farming (IOF): The
University has established an Institute of Organic
Diploma in Agriculture: Two years Diploma
Farming in August 2006 as an umbrella centre
(Agri.) programme in Kannada medium was
for various activities under organic farming. The
VWDUWHG GXULQJ DW 'KDUZDG 9LMD\DSXUD
institute is leading in the production of quality
Jamakhandi, Nippani, Akki Alur and Kumta.
bio-inputs like biofertilizers, biopesticides and
Another Diploma (Agri.) college was started in
organic manures. The Institute has developed
Konnur in 2015. The educational programmes in
package of practices for groundnut, soybean,
the University have been attracting students from
FKLOOL MRZDU ZKHDW FKLFNSHD SRWDWR PDL]H
other Indian states and foreign countries. The
MD\DGKDU FRWWRQ HWF 'XULQJ WKH ODVW ÀYH
702 intake of constituent colleges has been increased years, the Institute has produced 51 tonnes of
to meet the growing demand. The turnout
biofertilizers, 55 tonnes of biopesticides, 1,836 kg LQGXVWU\ HIÁXHQWV targeted at recovery of
of earthworms and 400 tonnes of vermicompost economically useful components and recycling of
and compost. A Bio-resource Centre on 16 ha. water suitable for irrigation.
area has been established to demonstrate various
Sujala-III project: Support for improved
components of organic farming in a holistic
way. Various biopesticides like Trichoderma programme integration in rainfed areas of
KDU]LDQXP 3VHXGRPRQDVÁXRUHVFHQV %DFLOOXV *DGDJ DQG .RSSDO 'LVWULFW $ ÀYH \HDU SHULRG
subtilis, Paecilomyces lilacinus, Nomuraea rileyi SURMHFW IXQGHG E\ WKH :RUOG %DQN WKURXJK
IOF 1 KC 776914, Metarhizium anisopliae IOF 1 the Karnataka Watershed Department with a
KF 408075, Beauveria bassiana, Lecanicillium budgetary support of Rs.1,200 lakh: Aims to
lecanii have been tested and mass-produced for demonstrate effective watershed management
farmers’ use. through greater integration of programmes related
to rainfed agriculture, innovative and science-
Seed Unit :7KHPRGLÀHGVHHGYLOODJHFRQFHSW based approaches and strengthened institutions
followed at UAS Dharwad, has been recognized
and capacities of stakeholders at different levels.
in the country and internationally as “Dharwad
It strengthens the science based watershed
Model” of seed production. The University has
management in IWMP by introducing innovations
produced 52,000 q of seeds during 2013-14. UAS,
in the planning process.
'KDUZDG VWDQGV ÀUVW LQ EUHHGHU VHHG SURGXF-
tion as well as the total seed production in the Hi-Tech Horticulture Unit: The centre was
country. The State of the art Seed Testing and established during 2005-06 with the facilities of
5HVHDUFK /DERUDWRU\ ZLWK DGYDQFHG VFLHQWLÀF modern green house/polyhouse, shade houses,
equipments has been established. The Protection net house, mist house, micro-irrigation and
of Plant Varieties and Farmer’s Rights Authority fertigation systems in an area of eight hectares.
has conferred the Best DUS Test Centre Award The Unit is engaged in teaching, conducting
for outstanding contribution made by the centre. research and disseminating technology to farmers
Pesticide Residue Testing and Quality Anal- LQ WKH ÀHOG RI SURWHFWHG FXOWLYDWLRQ RI KLJK YDOXH
horticulture crops including plant multiplication.
EDUCATION AND
ysis Laboratory : It was established during 2007
with assistance from ASIDE Scheme of Gov- The unit has developed production technologies
SPORTS
HUQPHQW RI ,QGLD ZKLFK LV WKH ÀUVW RI LWV NLQG for colour capsicum, tomato, exotic vegetables,
in North Karnataka with a budget outlay of Rs. rose, gerbera, carnation, orchid, bird of paradise,
308.76 lakhs. Mandate of the facility is to analyse anthurium, heliconia, alpinia for protected
SHVWLFLGHUHVLGXHVLQÀHOGFURSVSODQWDWLRQFURSV cultivation and is producing nearly 60,000
fruits and vegetables and to advocate farmers, genuine planting material every year.
consumers, traders on safety issues of pesticides.
Extension education and transfer of technology
It is creating awareness among the farming com-
programmes have multiplied over the years
munity, building capacity of teachers, students,
to meet the growing demands of the farming
farmers and traders on pesticide residues and
FRPPXQLW\ 3UHVHQWO\ WKHUH DUH ÀYH .9.V DQG
their impacts.
seven Extension Education Units, through which
Food Testing and Processing Laboratory: It is various extension activities are undertaken. ATIC,
in operation in the Department of Food Science and Krishi Community Radio Station (FM 90.4) on
Nutrition with more than 145 equipments related the main campus cater to the needs of farmers
to processing of grains, fruits and vegetables. The in technology transfer. Krishi Mela, a mega
laboratory has facilities to determine the quality farm mela has been attracting a larger number
parameters of different foods. of stakeholders. In 2015, about 11 lakh farmers
Integrating Bio-treated wastewater reuse with and stake holders witnessed the event. Several
HQKDQFHG ZDWHU XVH HIÀFLHQF\ WR VXSSRUW WKH innovations have been introduced in extension
green economy in EU and India (Water4crops) programmes like Touch Screen Information
with a outlay of Rs 167.62 lakhs (2012-16) has KIOSK. New programmes like e-pest surveillance,
been established to develop and demonstrate farm advisory services, recognizing innovative/
integrated treatment processes for agro-food progressive farmers during Krishi Mela. 703
7R LPSURYH RUJDQL]DWLRQ HIÀFLHQF\ VHYHUDO Minister’s special package on agriculture, World
innovative approaches are being followed. Bank aided National Agricultural Innovation
Biometrics system is adopted for ensuring Staff 3URMHFW &,'$0F*LOO8$6' FROODERUDWLYH
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
attendance, GPS is adapted for movement of SURMHFW RQ FRQVROLGDWLRQ RI IRRG VHFXULW\ LQ
University vehicles, University website which 6RXWK ,QGLD :RUOG %DQN DLGHG *R. SURMHFW
serves as an window for outside world has been entitled Community Based Tank Management
periodically upgraded, arrangements are made &RQVXOWDQF\ 3URMHFW '%7 SURJUDPPH VXSSRUW
for online payment of fees and online submission for agricultural bio-technology, collaborative
RI DSSOLFDWLRQ IRU UHFUXLWPHQW KLJK GHQVLW\ ZLÀ programme with Indonesian Government with
facility is provided in all campuses of the University, regard to wheat, National Horticulture Mission
e-procurement of system is followed for material and Technology Mission on Cotton(GoI),Centrally
procurement. This apart, several measures have funded Farmers’ Participatory Action Research
been initiated to stream line administration Programme (PFARP), empowerment of rural
machinery to improve organizational productivity. families through value addition of regional staple
IRRGJUDLQVIXQGHGE\,'5&&DQDGDDQGDSURMHFW
For balanced regional growth in Northern
on empowerment of SC/ST farmers through IFS
Karnataka and to meet demands, another four
funded by GoK, precision farming, production of
year B.Sc.(Agri) degree programme was started
bio-diesel yielding plants, rain water harvesting
from 2011. Efforts are being made to enhance
and ground water recharge at Dharwad and
international presence of the University through
9LMD\DSXUFDPSXVHVIXQGHGE\&*%1HZ'HOKL
collaborative works. MoU have been initiated with
several international institutions in Asia, USA, The mission of the University is to explore new
Canada, Europe and Africa. Students from foreign frontiers of science and knowledge and to develop
Universities are hosted under Study Abroad human resources and policy guidance to create
Programme (SAP) and also University students a vibrant, responsive and resilient agriculture. In
are sent abroad UASD SAP 2015. order to realize this mission, the university has the
mandate to conduct basic, strategic and applied
Research: 7KHMXULVGLFWLRQRI8$6'KDUZDGLV
research and to undertake need based research
endowed with a great diversity of climate, soils
that leads to crop improvement and sustained
and crops, spread across four agro-climatic zones,
agricultural productivity; It aims to serve as a
viz., Northern Dry Zone, Northern Transitional
centre for research excellence in organic farming,
Zone, Hilly Zone and Coastal Zone. A number of
agricultural, horticultural and plantation crops, dryland farming, seed production, precision
spices and condiments, medicinal and aromatic farming, millets value addition, water management
SODQWVDUHEHLQJFXOWLYDWHG)RXUPDMRULUULJDWLRQ and customized hiring of agriculture implements
SURMHFWV YL] 8SSHU .ULVKQD 7XQJDEKDGUD and to provide leadership in its various activities.
Malaprabha and Ghataprabha operating in the Further, UASD is undertaking effective adaptive
area provide irrigation to about 7.18 lakh ha. and applied researches to solve regional and
ORFDWLRQVSHFLÀFSUREOHPV
The research needs of the farmers are catered
through 30 Agricultural Research Stations spread While crop improvement and breeding will
across diverse agro-ecosystems, 25 All India continue to be its strong programme, the thrust
&RRUGLQDWHG 5HVHDUFK 3URMHFWV $,&53V DQG will shift to new strategic areas such as exploitation
H[WHUQDOO\ IXQGHG DGKRF SURMHFWV DQG VWDII of heterosis and development of hybrids, new
UHVHDUFK SURMHFWV 5HFHQWO\ WKH 8QLYHUVLW\ KDV plant types combining high biomass production
been recognized for implementation of Obama- ZLWK KLJK KDUYHVW LQGH[ LGHQWLÀFDWLRQ DQG
Singh initiative on reformed curriculum in incorporation of genes for resistance/tolerance
emerging areas of agriculture and food security to biotic and abiotic stresses and other desirable
and the ICAR Niche Area of Excellence for attributes. The seed unit would also plan to take
exploiting microbial and genomic resources for up research work on seed production, processing,
plant disease management. storage, grow out test and use of molecular
tools in quality seed production. Basic and
6RPH RI WKH PHJD UHVHDUFK SURMHFWV LQFOXGH
704 5DVWUL\D .ULVKL 9LNDV <RMDQD XQGHU WKH 3ULPH strategic researches will also be strengthened or
established in the areas of resource management.
Geographical information system, remote sensing posters and through radio and TV channels.
and crop modelling will be emphasized to generate The directorate is also serving as an important
new concepts, tools and methodologies based on source of feed back information to the researchers
systems approach. through diagnostic services.
Agronomic research will address the needs The Community Radio Station is named as
and opportunities of small farmers through Krishi Community Radio Station (KCRS), the catch
the development of new cropping systems and line of this channel is “Raitarinda-Raitarige” (from
FURS GLYHUVLÀFDWLRQ PRGXOHV FRQVLVWHQW ZLWK farmers to the farmers). The programme is being
sustainable use of land, water and other natural broadcasted for four hours daily (two hours each
and purchased production resources. Basic in the morning and two hours in the evening). The
research in nutrient management, soil-plant- fresh programmes are aired at 6 PM to 8 PM and
water relations, soil physics, soil water dynamics repeated in the next day morning between 6 AM
and kinetics leading to the development of and 8 AM. The programmes of Community Radio
integrated plant-soil-water-nutrient management 6WDWLRQKDYHKHOSHGLQSURYLGLQJORFDWLRQVSHFLÀF
systems will be given high priority. production information to the farmers based on
day to day weather report, market analysis, out-
The university will continue to undertake
break of pests and diseases etc. Extension service
research in new and emerging areas such
LV D YHKLFOH ZKLFK FDUULHV VFLHQWLÀF DJULFXOWXUDO
as climate change; impact of conservation
technology interventions developed at the Research
agriculture and application of nanoscience in
6WDWLRQVWRWKHIDUPIRUWKHRYHUDOOEHQHÀWRIWKH
diagnostics, formulation of agrochemicals and
farming community. This noble activity facilitates
waste water management; protection of plant
LQ EULGJLQJ WKH LGHQWLÀHG WHFKQRORJLFDO JDSV
varieties and farmers rights, intellectual property
existing with the farmers. Transfer of technologies
rights and bio-safety. Thus, the University will
from lab to land are carried through various
lead the research for enhanced and sustainable
extension activities OLNH GHPRQVWUDWLRQV ÀHOG
agricultural production towards the achievement
set for future goal. visits, trainings, consultancy, exhibitions etc. in
various ToT centres.
EDUCATION AND
Extension: The Directorate of Extension is the
University of Agricultural Sciences Raichur:
SPORTS
nodal agency to provide direction and leadership in
the extension education activities of the university. Demand for an exclusive University for
The extension activities are carried out through Agricultural Sciences for Hyderabad-Karnataka
a network of well established and well equipped (H-K) region was felt almost a decade back
Transfer of Technology (ToT) centers which at owing to inimitable climatic conditions and
SUHVHQW LQFOXGH ÀYH .ULVKL 9LJQDQD .HQGUDV farming activities. The H-K region comprising
(KVK’s), six Extension Education Units, a Staff Bidar, Kalaburagi, Raichur, Ballari, Koppal and
Training unit, Agricultural Technology Information <DGJLU GLVWULFWV 0DS DQ DJUDULDQ DUHD ZLWK DQ
Center, Bakery training Unit, Krishi Community irrigation potentiality of 12 lakh hectares through
Radio Station (KCRS), Kisan Call Centre and 7XQJDEKDGUD .ULVKQD .DUDQMD 0XOODPDUL
Publication Centre at head quarter. These centers Hirehalla, Bennethore and other irrigation
are periodically and regularly organizing national SURMHFWV VSDQQLQJ D WRWDO JHRJUDSKLFDO DUHD RI
DQGVWDWHOHYHOWUDLQLQJVIRUWKHEHQHÀWRIRIÀFHUV 44.96 lakh hectares accounting 33.60 per cent
of the development departments, non-government of the geographical area of the state, of which
organizations, extension functionaries and the nearly 68 per cent is under cultivation and has
farming community engaged in agriculture and a unique combination of medium (32.42%) and
allied activities. These centres are also organizing large farmers (36.69% bestowed with rich natural
different types of demonstrations, farm trials, resources especially for agricultural development.
NULVKLPHODVÀHOGdays, exhibitions etc. on various The initiation for new Agricultural University at
aspects of agriculture and allied activities to Raichur began through a letter by Government
create awareness among extension functionaries of Karnataka (No. AHD:165:UAS:99 dated 17-
and farmers. The directorate is involved in 12-1999) directing University of Agricultural
dissemination of farm technology through Sciences, Dharwad to submit a feasibility report on
705
WHFKQLFDO EXOOHWLQV ERRNOHWV OHDÁHWV IROGHUV the proposal. An expert committee was constituted
(No.AO/Est-V/LC/4778-B/99-00; dated 5-1- The UAS, Raichur comprises Bidar, Kalaburagi,
2000) which not only realized the need for new 5DLFKXU%DOODUL.RSSDODQG<DGJLUGLVWULFWV
Agricultural University but also recommended
University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
the proposal. The cabinet approved the proposal
shall persuade the needs of Agricultural Education
for establishment of Agricultural University at
WRVHQVLWL]HWKHIDUPLQJFRPPXQLW\ZLWKVFLHQWLÀF
5DLFKXU ZLWK DQ DOORFDWLRQ RI UXSHHV ÀYH FURUH
innovations, short and long term way outs for
during 2008-09 academic year on 26-9-2008.
the tribulations faced by the farming community
Raichur is privileged of being an oldest through research for growth and sustainability
establishment for agricultural research in of agriculture sector and outreaching the
1932, an Agricultural Research Station was technologies to uplift the socio-economic status of
established by the then Nizam’s Government of the farming community through strong Extension
Hyderabad with a mandate to carryout research linkages. Thus “Greening the life of farming
on dry land farming. After the reorganization of community through Education, Research and
VWDWHV LQ WKH FRXQWU\ 5DLFKXU ZDV LGHQWLÀHG DV Extension” is set as the motto.
the main research station for oilseeds. With the The University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur,
establishment of State Agricultural University in covers about 22 per cent of the geographical,
Karnataka in 1964 at Bengaluru, it was elevated about 31 per cent of total cultivated and about
WR5HJLRQDO5HVHDUFK6WDWLRQZLWKDMXULVGLFWLRQRI 20 per cent of the irrigated area in the State,
ÀYHGLVWULFWVRI1RUWKHUQ.DUQDWDND$JULFXOWXUDO spreading across six districts of North Eastern
Engineering Institute (AEI) was added to Raichur Karnataka.A number of agricultural, horticultural
campus in 1969 to offer diploma course in Agri- and plantation crops represent the rich heritage
Engineering which, in 1987, was upgraded to RI WKH DUHD 7KHUH DUH WKUHH PDMRU LUULJDWLRQ
the status of College of Agricultural Engineering SURMHFWV YL] 7XQJDEKDGUD 8SSHU .ULVKQD DQG
with up-gradation of Diploma to B.Tech degree. .DUDQMD ZKLFK SURYLGH LUULJDWLRQ WR DERXW
In 1984 and 2000, Colleges of Agriculture were lakh ha, accounting for 18 per cent of the total
started functioning, one at Raichur and the cultivated area.The region is endowed with a
other at Bheemarayanagudi (Shahapur Taluk variety of climate, soils and crops. The University
of Kalaburagi District) respectively, with an covers three Agro-climatic Zones, viz., North
intake capacity of 30 students. However, with Eastern Dry Zone, North Eastern Transitional
establishment of University of Agricultural Zone and Northern Dry Zone. The research needs
Sciences, Dharwad during 1986, Raichur became of the farmers are catered through 11 Agricultural
the component campus under UAS, Dharwad. Research Stations located in diverse agro-
Intriguingly, Raichur continued its privilege of ecosystem of University with 12 AICRPs and 15
EHLQJWKHVHFRQGODUJHVWFDPSXVDQGDPDMRUKXE H[WHUQDOO\IXQGHGDGKRF3URMHFWV7KHVXSSRUWIRU
of education under UAS, Dharwad. DGKRFUHVHDUFKSURMHFWVZDVUHFHLYHGE\WKH:RUOG
The Post-graduate degree program leading to Bank aided NAIP, BARC, ICAR, DST, DBT, GOK
Master’s degree in eight departments was started and other national and international agencies.
LQ ZLWK DQ LQWDNH FDSDFLW\ RI ÀYH VWXGHQWV The Directorate of Extension of the University of
for each department every year. In 1994, Krishi Agricultural Sciences, Raichur has an immense
Vigyana Kendra (KVK), a component of UAS, role to play with regard to transfer of technology
Dharwad but funded and monitored by ICAR, LQ WKH ÀHOG RI $JULFXOWXUH DQG DOOLHG DFWLYLWLHV
started functioning in the campus and received Extension service is a vehicle, which carries
the best Krishi Vigyan Kendra National Award VFLHQWLÀF DJULFXOWXUDO DQG DOOLHG WHFKQRORJ\
for the year 2007-08, thus completing all the interventions developed at the Research Stations
necessities of Teaching, Research and Extension. WRWKHIDUPHUVÀHOG7KLVQREOHDFWLYLW\IDFLOLWDWHVLQ
During 2008-09 and 2009-10, PG program began EULQJLQJWKHLGHQWLÀHGWHFKQRORJLFDOJDSVH[LVWLQJ
in other departments, thus making a total of 13 between the farmers and Research Stations. The
departments offering Post Graduate program at the ultimate goal is to enhance sustainable net income
campus level. The Raichur campus has registered of the farmer by taking all the activities on the
VLJQLÀFDQW JURZWK LQ ODVW GHFDGH UHDFKLQJ QHZHU farm into consideration and by integrating them
706 heights in education, research and extension.
while treating the whole farm as one unit. This
directorate carries its activities through six Krishi thinking for harnessing our natural resources
Vigyan Kendras and four Agricultural Extension with a sound technical foundation.
Education Centres which are working at the
Mission: To build sustainable agri-environment
grassroots level. The farming community can
E\ GHYHORSLQJ FUHDWLYH PDQSRZHU MRLQLQJ KDQGV
avail the services of the Directorate of Extension
with our stake holders for mutual learning
to get the solutions to the problems encountered
and explore, innovate new dimensions and
in Agriculture and related activities.
technologies to strengthen our food and livelihood
The University of Agricultural and security.
Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga (UAHS)
Objectives: Imparting education towards
The University of Agricultural and Horticultural
development of quality human resource in different
6FLHQFHV 6KLYDPRJJD 8$+6 LV WKH ÀUVW
branches of agriculture, horticulture, forestry and
integrated university in the state of Karnataka, allied sciences. Furthering advanced learning
which has both agricultural and horticultural and research efforts in agriculture, horticulture,
sciences under its purview. It was established forestry and other allied sciences. Undertaking
under the Karnataka Act no. 38 of 2012, vide the technology dissemination through extension
QRWLÀFDWLRQQR6DP9\D6KDLODNKH 6KDVDQD HGXFDWLRQLQWKHÀHOGRIDJULFXOWXUHKorticulture,
2012, dated 21-09-2012 published in the Special forestry and other allied sciences.Promoting
Gazette of Karnataka, part IV – A, No. 656, on partnership and linkages with national and
21-09-2012 bringing it into immediate effect. It international educational, research institutions
was carved out by separating seven districts from and industries.
WKHMXULVGLFWLRQDUHDRI8QLYHUVLW\RI$JULFXOWXUDO
Sciences, Bengaluru and including all the Directorate of Education: University of
institutes which came under the University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences,
+RUWLFXOWXUDO6FLHQFHV%DJDONRW7KHMXULVGLFWLRQ 6KLYDPRJJD LV WKH ÀUVW ,QWHJUDWHG 8QLYHUVLW\ LQ
area of UAHS, Shivamogga covers the districts of the state of Karnataka which has both agricultural
and horticultural sciences under its purview. The
Shivamogga, Chikkamagaluru, Udupi, Dakshina
University is functioning from 21st September,
Kannada, Kodagu, Davanagere and Chitradurga.
EDUCATION AND
WKURXJK D 6SHFLDO *D]HWWH QRWLÀFDWLRQ
SPORTS
The University of Agricultural and Horticultural of Karnataka Act No. 38 of 2012 and has come
6FLHQFHV6KLYDPRJJD 8$+6 LVWKHÀUVWLQWHJUDWHG into independent existence with effect from 1st
university in the state of Karnataka, which has both $SULO ,W KDV WKH RSHUDWLRQDO MXULVGLFWLRQ
agricultural and horticultural sciences under its in seven districts viz. Shivamogga, Davanagere,
purview. The head quarters of UAHS, Shivamogga Chikkamagaluru, Udupi, Dakshina Kannada,
is connected to the state capital, Bengaluru by Kodagu and Chitradurga.
road (NH-206) and train with a distance of 270
The University has six educational institutes
K.M. The headquarters is surrounded by many
at Shivamogga, Mudigere, Ponnampet, Hiriyur,
popular tourist places like Jog falls, Sringeri,
Kathalagere and Brahmavar, four Zonal
Agumbe, Bhadra and Kuduremukha reserve Agricultural and Horticultural Research Stations
forests, etc. The new University of Agricultural at Navile (Shivamogga), Babbur (Hiriyur), Mudigere
and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga, came and Brahmavar and nine Agricultural and
into existence on 21st September 2012 with a Horticultural Research Stations at Kathalagere,
MXULVGLFWLRQ RI VHYHQ GLVWULFWV YL] 6KLYDPRJJD Ullal, Thirthahalli, Ponnampet, Sringeri, Bavikere,
Chikkamagaluru, Udupi, Dakshina Kannada, Honnavile, Madikeri and Kademadkal; University
Kodagu, Davanagere and Chitradurga. has Four KVKs at Shivamogga, Chitradurga
Philosophy: Development with sustainability is (Hiriyur), Chikkamagaluru (Mudigere) and Udupi
an evolutionary process to create new paths. (Brahmavar) and Two Extension Education Units
at Kathalagere and Ponnampet functioning
Vision: Develop technocrats, technologies, effectively to solve the various problems of the
disseminators by providing strong knowledge farming community.
base. We are committed to explore, experiment
The Directorate of Extension of the University
and excel in teaching, research and extension
of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, 707
arenas. We inspire socio-cultural value based
Shivamogga has a statutory role to play with The Indian Council of Agricultural Research
regard to extension. One of the tri-fold functions (ICAR), New Delhi has started the Krishi Vigyan
of the university is extension of the technologies Kendras (KVKs) in all the districts of the country
KARNATAKA
GHYHORSHGLQWKHÀHOGRIDJULFXOWXUHKRUWLFXOWXUH with the following mandate.
HAND BOOK OF
forestry and allied sectors. The mission of the
Mandates: Conducting on-farm testing to identify
extension activities is the dissemination of
WKHORFDWLRQVSHFLÀFLW\RIDJULFXOWXUDOWHFKQRORJLHV
UHVHDUFKÀQGLQJVWRWKHIDUPLQJFRPPXQLW\7KH
under various farming systems. Organizing
Directorate of Extension is the nodal agency to
frontline demonstrations to establish production
provide direction and leadership in the extension
potential of various crops and enterprises
education activities of the university.
RQ WKH IDUPHUV ÀHOGV 2UJDQL]LQJ QHHG EDVHG
Extension service is a vehicle, which carries training for farmers to update their knowledge
VFLHQWLÀF DJULFXOWXUDO WHFKQRORJ\ LQWHUYHQWLRQV and skills in modern agricultural technologies
developed at the Research Stations to the farm, UHODWHGWRWHFKQRORJ\DVVHVVPHQWUHÀQHPHQWDQG
IRUWKHRYHUDOOEHQHÀWRIWKHIDUPLQJFRPPXQLW\ demonstration and training of extension personnel
This noble activity facilitates in bridging the iden- to orient them in the frontier areas of technology
WLÀHGWHFKQRORJLFDOJDSVH[LVWLQJZLWKWKHIDUPHUV development. Creating awareness about improved
The ultimate goal of this important function of the agricultural technologies among various clienteles
University is to enhance the sustainable net in- through an appropriate extension programmes.
come of the farmer, by taking all the enterprises Production of quality seeds, planting materials,
on the farm into consideration, integrating them livestock breeds, animal products, bio-products
and treating the whole farm as one unit. etc., as per the demand and supply the same
The extension activities are carried out through to different clienteles. Work as resource and
a network of well established and well equipped knowledge centre of Agricultural Technology
Transfer of Technology centers which at present to support the initiatives of public, private and
include four Krishi Vignana Kendras (KVK’s), voluntary sectors for improving the agricultural
two Extension Education Units, two Extension economy of the district.
Units, Agricultural Technology Information To achieve these mandates 4 KVKs are
&HQWHU $7,& ZRUNLQJ XQGHU WKH MXULVGLFWLRQ RI functioning under the administrative control
the University of Agricultural and Horticultural of University of Agricultural and Horticultural
Sciences, Shivamogga. These centers are Sciences, Shivamogga as detailed below: Each
periodically and regularly organizing national and KVK is provided with 16 technical and non
VWDWH OHYHO WUDLQLQJV IRU WKH EHQHÀW RI RIÀFHUV RI technical staff headed by the Programme Co-
the development departments, non-government ordinator (Associate Professors Cadre) and Six
organizations, extension functionaries and the 6XEMHFW 0DWWHU 6SHFLDOLVWV $VVLVWDQW 3URIHVVRUV
farming community engaged in agriculture and Cadre) in the discipline of Crop production,
allied activities. These centres are also organizing Extension, Horticulture, Plant Protection, Animal
different types of demonstrations, farm trials, Sciences, Home Sciences etc., are provided to
NULVKLPHODV ÀHOG GD\V DQG H[KLELWLRQV HWF RQ assist and implement the mandated activities of
various aspects of agriculture, horticulture, KVK. Further, three Training Assistant Cadre –
forestry and allied activities to create awareness Farm Manager, Programme Assistant (Computer)
among extension functionaries and farmers. The and One Programme Assistant in the most
directorate is involved in dissemination of farm relevant discipline are also provided to assist the
technology through books, bulletins, booklets, Programme Co-ordinator and his staff to carry out
OHDÁHWVIROGHUVSRVWHUVFKDUWVDQGWKURXJKUDGLR the functions of the KVK.
and TV channels. The directorate is also serving
as an important source of feedback information to The Krishi Vigyan Kendras provide intensive
the researchers through diagnostic services. hands on training in various aspects of agriculture,
horticulture, animal husbandry and so on to
The farming community can avail the services encourage unemployed farm youth and farm
of the units of the Directorate of Extension to women to start their own agro based enterprise
get the solutions to their farming problems and in their locality. These KVKs would also conduct
708 to increase their economic status on sustainable on-farm testing of various agricultural and allied
basis.
technologieVIRUUHÀQHPHQWDQGFRQGXFWIURQWOLQH like APEDA, KAPPEC, NHB, Karnataka Wine
demonstrations on oilseeds, cereals and pulses. Board etc., for horticulture development; KHF &
HOPCOMS-a market institutional network system
7KH 6FLHQWLÀF $GYLVRU\ &RPPLWWHH 6$& LV WKH
to avoid intermediaries and to ensure fair price
advisory body to plan and review the activities of
to the laws and Governmental encouragement
the KVKs. The SAC is headed by the Vice-chancellor
etc are the strengths of State for horticulture
as the chairman, Director of Extension, Zonal Co-
development. The University of Horticultural
RUGLQDWRU,&$5DQG2IÀFHUVRIWKH'HYHORSPHQWDO
6FLHQFHV %DJDONRW KDV LWV MXULVGLFWLRQ FRYHULQJ
Departments of the district, two farmers, two farm
23 districts of Karnataka. Adoption of advanced
women as the members and the programme Co-
systems of quality education and professional
ordinator of the KVK as a member–secretary.
teaching with collaborative and participatory
University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot: research with incubating technology transfer
Realising the importance and foresightedness systems for inclusive growth of all horticulture
of the Karnataka Government, His Excellency, stakeholders.
the Governor of Karnataka has approved the
establishment of the University of Horticultural The Vision: To attain excellence in academies by
Sciences (UHS) at Bagalkot through a special imparting quality education to develop professional
Ordinance No. 2 of 2008 dated: 22-11-2008. human resources with entrepreneurial skills
Thus, the exclusive University of Horticultural addressing the thrust areas of research to develop
Sciences came into being with effect from 22- advanced technologies and to promote farmer
11-2008 at Bagalkot. The choice of Bagalkot as centric technology transfer for holistic growth of
the head quarters of the University is rightly Horticulture Sector.
MXVWLÀHG EHFDXVH RI WZR UHDVRQV QDPHO\ WKH The Mandate: Making horticulture education
rich horticultural production base of grapes, responsive to the needs of the farming sector
SRPHJUDQDWH VDSRWD ÀJ OLPH VZHHW OLPH EHU and widening the knowledge base by providing
varieties of vegetables, spices and medicinal plants: vocational training in horticulture technologies
Besides, the bordering districts of Belagavi on to the rural youth from all sectors of the farming
EDUCATION AND
:HVW'KDUZDGDQG.RSSDORQ6RXWK9LMD\DSXUD community. By starting courses of current and
on North and Raichur on East are the hub of
SPORTS
future relevance to build a strong academic
horticulture because of the favourable climate for with high ethical standards, a foundation for
horticulture crops in the area. The Second reason WKH VFLHQWLÀF DQG WHFKQLFDO KXPDQ UHVRXUFH
is because of the location of historical places like generation by the University.
Badami (cave temple and capital of Chalukya
Kingdom) Pattadakallu, Aihole (the places known Education: Development of the horticultural
for temples of stone sculptures) Kudalasangama expertise and skilled manpower is one of the
a centre of religious preaching and teaching, important mandates of the University which aims
and the mighty Alamatti Dam as a back bone for at meeting the needs of technically trained human
agriculture/horticulture are situated within the resource for the horticulture industry of the
radius of 50km from Bagalkot. state and the Nation. University of Horticultural
Sciences, Bagalkot has been accreditated
Karnataka comprises of 10 agro-climatic regions
by Accreditation Board of Indian Council of
with many National Research Institutes more than
Agricultural Research vide Ref: No.F. N. l3/2012-
400 horticulture farms and nurseries, private
EQR dated: 24.4.2014 & granted accreditation for
Research and Development organizations and thus
5 years.
treated as fourth important horticultural state of
our country that has salubrious climate conducive Academic Programs: The academic
for the cultivation of several horticulture crops. SURJUDPPHV FRPSULVH RI &HUWLÀFDWH &RXUVHV
The presence of innovative enterprising farming Diploma, Graduate, Post-Graduate Diploma,
community; ample opportunities for horticultural Post Graduate Degree and Doctoral Programmes
growth; department of horticulture with state wide in various branches of horticulture and allied
QHWZRUNRITXDOLÀHGH[WHQVLon staff; wide coverage sciences and are further supported by the latest
of programs through National Horticulture concepts like e-learning; experiential learning;
709
Mission; presence of supportive institutions exposure visits; state and all India study tours;
special lecture series; participation in seminars; %HODJDYL9LMD\DSXUDDQG'KDUZDG2QH<HDU3*
counselling; coaching etc., which help students Diploma in Viticulture and Oenology is commenced
and faculty in acquiring specialized skills in line from the academic year 2014-15 and 15 students
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
with the ICAR Educational guidelines enriched by are admitted at Bagalkot main campus with the
state of art laboratories, smart classrooms, digital VXSSRUW RI 5.9< SURMHFW RQ HVWDEOLVKPHQW RI
libraries etc. centre for viticulture and oenology.
Admissions to Academic Programs: Admission Facilities and Programmes at Different
process for the graduate programmes begin in Campuses: University provides hostel
the month of June/July of every academic year accommodation to both boys and girls in all its
and the regular classes commence in the month constituent college campuses. Facilities like
of July/August. The UG admissions are made multi-gym, playground, healthcare, recreation,
through KEA by CET. The admission for post cafeteria, internet etc., are made available in
graduate programs begin in the month of July/ all campuses. Students study circles have been
August and the classes begin in the month of started in different campuses which organize
August/September of every year. college level workshops, mock interviews, guest
lectures, quizzes, group discussions, debates. etc.,
Post Graduate Programs: Post-Graduate so as to help the students to get ready for regular
Programmes are aimed at developing manpower seminars. Campus interviews and competitive
for leadership in research and meeting the needs examinations. Placement cells are established at
of managerial professionals ill horticulture and DOO &DPSXVHV WR DVVLVW WKH VWXGHQWV IRU ÀQGLQJ
allied sectors. Exposure to emerging areas, better employment opportunities both in public
hands-on experience in modern techniques and and private sector organizations. The University
apprenticeship in horticulture R & D centers and local philanthropists have instituted as many
ensure quality education in the post-graduate as 50 Gold Medals and a few scholarships to
programme. Not surprisingly, the PG programme induce competitive spirit among the students.
has been successful in attracting students from
Regular Capacity Building Programs for Faculty:
many Asian and African countries. The University
Different capacity building events are being
currently offers Master’s Degree programmes in
organized by the university by inviting experts
nine disciplines at its various campuses. Doctoral
from reputed institutions. The faculty members
Degree programme is imparted at Bagalkot,
are also deputed to short term, medium term and
Arabhavi and Bengaluru campuses.
long term trainings, specialized courses, winter/
In order to help the PG students, to enhance summer schools, conferences both at national and
their knowledge by keeping them updated on international levels so as to acquaint and refresh
the latest developments in horticulture sciences; with latest developments that are taking place
ODWHVWUHVHDUFKDQGGHYHORSPHQWÀQGLQJVGLIIHUHQW across the world. The University also conducts the
capacity building approaches such as seminars, orientation cum induction training programmes
special lecture series, group discussions etc.,are for all the newly recruited teaching staff.
organized by the University by inviting experts
The research in the Colleges is by and large
from various institutions. Conducive environment
undertaken by post graduate students under
for the students to develop allround personality are
the guidanee of PG teachers so as to generate
created in all teaching campuses. University has
required information and solutions to the
also designed one week study tour along with their
prioritized problems in a given area. The suitable
research guides to various R & D organizations
ÀQGLQJV DUH DQDO\]HG DQG IXUWKHU VXEMHFWHG WR
located in Karnataka or in neighboring states.
critical validation through multi location trials by
'LSORPD 3* 'LSORPD DQG &HUWLÀFDWH &RXUVHV staff research programmes. Research Programs at
7KH 8QLYHUVLW\ VWDUWHG &HUWLÀFDWH &RXUVHV LQ AlRCP and HREC Crop based research programs
Horticulture (6 months duration) and Diploma are mainly focussed on nutritionally rich arid
in Horticulture (2 years duration), at different commercially important horticultural crops.
constituent colleges and research stations during As of now, there are 10 horticulture research
stations (HRS) and 10 All India Co-ordinated
710 2012-13, Presently, students are enrolled for the
above courses at four campuses like Bagalkot, Research Programs (AICRP) in the University,
The approaches followed for implementation of Sciences. To further the advancement of learning
UHVHDUFK SURMHFWV LQ DOO WKHVH +5(& DQG $O&53V and prosecution of Research in Veterinary, Animal
mainly aims at solving the need based location and Fisheries Sciences other allied sciences.
VSHFLÀF SUREOHPV DQG SURJUDPPHV GHFLGHG DW To undertake the Extension Education of such
national level respectively. specialized knowledge and transfer of technologies
to the needy rural farmers in co-operation with
Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries
the Government Departments concerned. To take
Sciences University- Bidar: Realizing the loss of
XSVXFKRWKHUREMHFWVWKDWWKH6WDWH*RYHUQPHQW
two decades of prime development in the growth may notify from time to time.
RI DQLPDO KXVEDQGU\ GDLU\ DQG ÀVKHULHV XQGHU
Agricultural Universities set up, the Government Mission: The mission of the Karnataka
of Karnataka took bold steps in establishing the Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences
new University called Karnataka Veterinary, University, Bidar, is to strive hard and provide
Animal and Fisheries Sciences University on the leadership in teaching, research and extension
ÁRRU RI WKH /HJLVODWLYH $VVHPEO\ 7KH .9$)68 education services related to veterinary and
was formed as per the Karnataka Act No. 9 of DQLPDO VFLHQFHV GDLU\ VFLHQFHV ÀVKHULHV DQG
2004 called The Karnataka Veterinary, Animal other allied sciences. The University Endeavour
and Fisheries University Act 2004 and published is to keep pace with new frontiers of science
in the Karnataka Gazette Extra-Ordinary on and contemporary developments to be socially
the 23rd day of February, 2004. The University and technically relevant. In this context, the
was established exclusively for the development Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries
of education and learning; conduct of research Sciences University is strongly committed in
and extension education and transfer the rural absorbing newer paradigms and using them to
oriented technologies in the areas of Veterinary, develop excellent human resource, innovative
Animal, Dairy and Fisheries Sciences in technologies and their dissemination so as to
Karnataka. The logo of the University is inscribed VHUYHWKHOLYHVWRFNDQGÀVKHU\IDUPLQJFRPPXQLW\
with the slogan Farmers Friendly and Rural of the state and the country.
Oriented, which emphasizes the importance
Mandate: 7KH SULPDU\ REMHFWLYH DQG PDQGDWH
EDUCATION AND
given to betterment of farming community. Prof.
of the university is to uplift the rural livestock,
SPORTS
51 6UHHQLYDV *RZGD ZDV DSSRLQWHG DV LWV ÀUVW
SRXOWU\ DQG ÀVK IDUPHUV ZLWK D PRWWR RI ¶5XUDO
Vice-Chancellor and served with effect from
Oriented and Farmer Friendly’ activities. The
September, 2004 until February 9th, 2008. Later
XQLYHUVLW\ KDV D WHUULWRULDO MXULVGLFWLRQ RI HQWLUH
3URI*6%KDWDQG'U60DOOLNDUMXQDSSDVHUYHG
state of Karnataka covering all the districts.
as Acting Vice-Chancellors for a brief period
Making provision for imparting education in
from February 10th, 2008 to July 24, 2008. Prof
different branches of study particularly veterinary
Suresh Honnappagol was served as second Vice
DQGDQLPDOVFLHQFHVGDLU\VFLHQFHVÀVKHULHVDQG
Chancellor of the University. Dr. C. Renukaprasad
other allied sciences. Furthering the advancement
has been appointed as third Vice-Chancellor of
of learning and research, particularly in veterinary
the University from 21st September, 2012.
DQGDQLPDOVFLHQFHVGDLU\VFLHQFHVÀVKHULHVDQG
KVAFSU is an autonomous academic institution other allied sciences. Undertaking the extension
governed by its Board of Management which of veterinary and animal sciences, dairy sciences,
regulates the polices of the university in accordance ÀVKHULHV DQG RWKHU DOOLHG VFLHQFHV WR WKH UXUDO
with the provision of act and status. The University people of the state. Such other purposes as the
DGPLQLVWUDWLRQDOVRKDVWKHVXSSRUWRIWKHÀQDQFH 6WDWH *RYHUQPHQW PD\ VSHFLI\ E\ QRWLÀFDWLRQ LQ
Committee. Academic matters are looked after by WKHRIÀFLDOJD]HWWH
the Board of Studies of Faculties and the Academic
Following the spirit of the motto of the
Council, while Research Council and Extension
university- “Farmer Friendly & Rural Oriented”,
Education Council decide the research and
the Directorate of Extension is striving hard to
extension activities of the University, respectively.
improve the socio-economic conditions of the
Objectives of the University are: To impart farming community through its multi pronged
professional quality higher education in different extension activities. In order to achieve this,
711
branches of Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries the university is organizing a series of training
programmes, demonstrations, farmer-scientist auditorium, Pariksha Bhavan-the Examination
LQWHUDFWLRQ VHVVLRQV ÀHOG 'D\V )DUPHU )LHOG Section of the University, Guest House and a Boys
Schools, Skill Development Programmes, Model +RVWHO KDYH FRPH XS 7KH VHFRQG ÁRRU LV EHLQJ
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
Training Courses, Pashu melas, Mathsya Melas added to all these buildings. The construction of
etc, through its constituent colleges and Research the Law School building is initiated. This is going
& Information Centers spread across the state. to be the iconic building of the University. For
WKH WLPH EHLQJ WKH $GPLQLVWUDWLYH 2IÀFH RI WKH
Besides, the Directorate brings out publications
University is functioning from the building within
such as Annual Reports, News Letters, Calanders,
the campus which was earlier known as PWD
/HDÁHWV 6XFFHVV 6WRULHV 3DFNDJH RI 3UDFWLFHV
Circuit House.
Animal Husbandry & Fisheries Dictionaries,
Farm Literature etc., both in regional language KSLU is actively participating in the national
and English. The Directorate has four Extension level efforts to transform the legal education
Education Centers at Bengaluru, Bidar, of the country to meet national and global
Shivamogga, Hassan; two Animal Husbandry challenges. It’s vision of transforming Karnataka
Polytechnics at Shiggaon, Haveri district and into a legally conscious society by providing
Konehally, Tumakuru district and one Krishi quality legal education which is professionally
Vigyan Kendra at Mangaluru, Dakshina Kannada competent and socially relevant can be rapidly
district. achieved by adopting the contemporary
information communication technology (ICT). At
Karnataka State Law University
present KSLU offers the 3 years LL.B. course, 5
The Karnataka State Law University (KSLU) was
years B.A., LL.B., B.B.A., LL.B. and B.A., LL.B.,
established in January 2009, by the Government
(Hon’s) B.B.A., LL.B. (Hons.) integrated programs
of Karnataka under the Karnataka State Law
DQG //0 SURJUDP DSDUW IURP WKH FHUWLÀFDWH
University Act, 2009, with its headquarters at
and P.G.Diploma courses. In addition, the Ph.D.
Navanagar, Hubli. It is a “People’s University” with
and LL.D. programs are also offered on the main
an aspiration to provide quality legal education
campus.
totally socially relevant and accessible to everyone.
The KSLU, located in the State of Karnataka, is The University organizes conferences, workshops
the single largest federal university in the country and symposia to provide an opportunity to
having 92 colleges under its umbrella. academicians and professionals to express their
scholarly thoughts. To professionally orient the
.6/8LVSODXVLEO\WKHÀUVWLQVWLWXWLRQLPSDUWLQJ
law teachers to effectively take up teaching of
higher education, to have an Assembly every
QHZO\ LQWURGXFHG VXEMHFWV WUDLQLQJ SURJUDPPHV
morning, lead by the Hon’ble Vice-Chancellor on
are periodically arranged apart from arranging
the main campus and by the respective Principals
Special Lecture by scholars of national repute. It is
RI WKH DIÀOLDWHG FROOHJHV ZKHUHLQ WKH 1DWLRQDO
EULQJLQJRXWLWVÁDJVKLSSHHUUHYLHZHGSHULRGLFDOV
Anthem is sung. The staff and students of KSLU,
Karnataka State Law University Journal and
LQFOXGLQJ WKH DIÀOLDWHG ODZ FROOHJHV GRQ .KDGL
KSLU Student Law Review which are appreciated
attire every Monday, creating a sense of belonging,
E\HPLQHQWMXVWLFHVDQGMXULVWV
integration and nationality. On the main campus,
the staff and students wear Khadi dresses in a The University has its own international Law
combination of blue and white, the sky blue color Moot Court Competition and also a Kannada
signifying tolerance and white purity. The main Moot Court Competition to provide an excellent
intent underlying this initiative of singing the opportunity to Law students to hone their
National Anthem every day and wearing Khadi skills. Continuing Legal Education programs are
every Monday is to inculcate patriotism among DUUDQJHGIRUWKHEHQHÀWRI/DZ\HUV3ROLFH2IÀFHUV
law students. NGOs, Women’s Organisations and the like. The
University’s extension arm caters to the Legal aid
The KSLU campus is coming up on a sprawling
and legal literacy of the society.
55 acres of beautiful landscape at Navanagar
in Hubli. The Master plan and the architectural To live up to societal expectations the University
712 design has been drawn up. Already the Training has entered into Memoranda of Understanding
School building with well-equipped classrooms and with pioneer institutions like National Law
School of India University, Bengaluru, Karnataka the population served; we look beyond at health
Mediation Centre, Bengaluru, BMS Institute of FDUHLQLWVZLGHVWVHQVHDQGQRWMXVWIRFXVLQJRQ
Technology, Bengaluru, Bangalore Arbitration WUHDWLQJ LOOQHVV DQG LQMXU\ (GXFDWLRQ ,QVSLUHV
Centre-Domestic and International, Bengaluru, our research changes the world. Mission : To
Karnataka Institute for Law and Parliamentary become one of the nation’s providers of high
Reforms, Bengaluru and such other institutions. quality teaching and excellence in research, the
institution seeks Strong, in-depth preparation
Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences
to become the next generation of outstanding
5DMLY *DQGKL 8QLYHUVLW\ RI +HDOWK 6FLHQFHV
leaders in health sciences. Achieve excellence in
Karnataka a premier Health Science University
safe healthcare practices. Design and implement
in India was established on 1st June 1996 at
innovative educational methods to train students,
Bengaluru by the Govt. of Karnataka through its
HQDFWPHQW RI 5DMLY *DQGKL 8QLYHUVLW\ RI +HDOWK educators and scientist with the multi-disciplinary
Sciences, Karnataka Act 1994 to encompass all the VFLHQWLÀFDQGHQJLQHHULQJUHVHDUFKWRGHYHORSWKH
existing health science colleges and institutions latest healthcare technologies. Developing and
ZKLFK ZHUH HDUOLHU DIÀOLDWHG WR WKH FRQYHQWLRQDO capitalize on the strengths of all staff that provide
universities in Karnataka with a purpose of the operational support for an academic health
ensuring proper and systematic instruction, VFLHQFHV FHQWHU 7UDQVODWH VFLHQWLÀF GLVFRYHULHV
teaching, training and research in modern and which bridge biology, the physical environment,
Indians systems of medicine. social, political, cultural and economic factors to
discover, understand and improve the health of
The phenomenal increase in the number of populations, communities and societies.
institutions and students admitted to various
courses of medical and allied health sciences 5DMLY *DQGKL 8QLYHUVLW\ RI +HDOWK 6FLHQFHV
warranted the need to regulate, monitor and Karnataka a premier Health Science University
standardize the curricula as well as the evaluation in India was established on 1st June 1996 at
systems. The product of medical and health science Bengaluru by the Govt. of Karnataka through its
professional education was to meet the societal HQDFWPHQW RI 5DMLY *DQGKL 8QLYHUVLW\ RI +HDOWK
Sciences, Karnataka Act 1994 to encompass
EDUCATION AND
needs for better healthcare. Hence, RGUHS had
the vision to bring in uniformity in the standards all the existing health science colleges and
SPORTS
LQVWLWXWLRQV ZKLFK ZHUH HDUOLHU DIÀOLDWHG WR WKH
of teaching and have a common curriculum for
conventional universities in Karnataka with
the various courses offered in different colleges
a purpose of ensuring proper and systematic
across Karnataka. The medium of instruction is
instruction, teaching, training and research in
only english.
modern and Indians systems of medicine.
RGUHS is considered one of the top universities
5*8+6 LV ÀUVW LQ LWV PDQ\ IROGV VXFK DV
offering the best medical education in India with
development of comprehensive structured
initiatives to make its syllabi for different courses
curriculum for all the academic degrees and
of world class quality taking it to the forefront of
programs of health science disciplines being
Medical education in India. Based on the ever-
offered under its umbrella, establishing the
changing scenario and also on the needs of the
State-of-the art Digital Library and HELINET
society it has been restructuring its programs and
Consortium to provide scholarly International
also starting new ones so that quality healthcare
PHGLFDO OLWHUDWXUH RI HMRXUQDOV HERRNV
reaches the nooks and corners of the country.
databases, dissertations, thesis and previous
Vision and Mission: Unique excellence examination question papers etc, with round the
in education, research and outreach for the clock virtual access to all the students, teachers
Protection, Restoration and Promotion of health, DQG UHVHDUFKHUV LQ WKHLU LQVWLWXWLRQV DIÀOLDWHG
DQREMHFWLYHRIVWUHQJWKHQLQJRIKHDOWKFDUHWRWKH to RGUHS in Karnataka, Computerization of
world, strong commitment and the recognition examination systems, publishing of RGUHS
given to its faculty, students and graduates VFLHQWLÀF MRXUQDOV LQ WKH IDFLOLWLHV RI 0HGLFLQH
for their outstanding educational, research Dentistry, Pharmacy, Nursing, Ayurveda etc,
and service activities. Focus on the delivery of Promotion of NSS and sports activities and
healthcare in the context of the community and HVWDEOLVKPHQWRI5DMLY*DQGKL,QVWLWXWHRI3XEOLF 713
Health. mystical undercurrent in the sense of being the
origin of the social reformation movement of the
5*8+6 KDV WKH ODUJHU DIÀOLDWLRQ RI KHDOWK
great 12th century saint Basaveshwara and also
science institutions offering various academic
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
WKH VHDW RI WKH JUHDW 6XÀ VDLQW .KZDMD %DQGH
programs in the faculties of Medical, Dental,
1DZD]7KHXQLYHUVLW\NHHQO\LGHQWLÀHVLWVHOIZLWK
Pharmacy, Nursing, Ayurveda, Homeopathy,
these universal symbols of humanism and harmony
8QDQL 1DWXURSDWK\ <RJLF 6FLHQFHV 6LGGKD
who were also responsible for the general trend
Physiotherapy, Public Health and Health of education in the sense of enlightenment and
Science Librarianship such as Under Graduate, upliftment of the masses. These ideas have found
Post Graduate, Post Graduate Diploma, Super expression through the famous and old symbol
Specialty, Ph.D and Fellowship courses covering of the ‘Tree of Life’ which is taken as the basic
1.3 lakhs of students in the State of Karnataka. motif for the logo and expressed in contemporary
Central University of Karnataka: The WHUPV 7KH ÀJXULQH DW WKH ERWWRP UHSUHVHQWLQJ
Central University of Karnataka (CUK) has been the scholar, is seen reaching out to life in all its
established by an Act of the Parliament (No. 3 of expansiveness and leading to knowledge and
2009) at Kalaburagi, Karnataka. It is one of the enlightenment.
16 new Central Universities established by the The Indian Institute of Science (IISc): History:
Government of India during the UGC XI Plan 7KH EUDLQ FKLOG RI -DPVHWML 1XVVHUZDQML 7DWD D
Period to address to the concerns of ‘equity and successful businessman and philanthropist, the
access’ and to increase the access to quality Indian Institute of Science (IISc) was conceived
higher education by people in less educationally in the late 1800’s. To this end, Tata set up a
developed districts which have a Graduate provisional committee under the leadership of
Enrolment Ratio of less than the national average %XUMRUML 3DGVKDK DQ HGXFDWLRQLVW WR FRPH XS
of 11 per cent. The CUK, with its territorial with a blueprint for the proposed university. The
MXULVGLFWLRQDOORYHU.DUQDWDNDKDVEHHQLQLWLDWHG committee drafted a plan which went through
its activities from the academic year beginning VHYHUDO LWHUDWLRQV EHIRUH LW ZDV ÀQDOLVHG 7DWD
August 2009 in keeping with the philosophy of also endowed a substantial part of his personal
achieving and maintaining the highest levels ZHDOWK IRU WKLV DPELWLRXV SURMHFW 8QIRUWXQDWHO\
of academic excellence, sensitivity to equity Tata died in 1904, well before the Institute came
and access in enrolment and recruitment and into existence. It was eventually established,
emerging as a premier national educational and through a vesting order passed on 27 May 1909
research institution in the country. by the Indian Government, in the southern city
of Bengaluru on 371 acres of land donated by
The University has 654 acres campus, situated the Mysore Durbar. The Institute which started
near Kadaganchi village in the district of ZLWK MXVW WZR GHSDUWPHQWV*HQHUDO DQG $SSOLHG
Kalaburagi, Karnataka State. It is claimed that Chemistry and Electrical Technology-today has
&8.LVWKHÀUVW&HQWUDO8QLYHUVLW\WRPRYHWRLWV over 40 departments spread across six divisions:
permanent campus in a short time among the Biological Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Electrical
QHZRQHV7KHPDLQREMHFWLYHRIWKH8QLYHUVLW\LV Sciences, Inter disciplinary Research, Mechanical
integrating the components of Teaching, Research, Sciences and Physical and Mathematical
Innovation, Training and Skill Development Sciences. It also has a new campus at Challekere
(TRI-TSD) with an aspiration to excel in dual in Chitradurga district in Karnataka.
degree, postgraduate and doctoral programs. The
7KRXJK ,,6F ZDV RIÀFLDOO\ HVWDEOLVKHG LQ
8QLYHUVLW\ RIIHUV WKH SURJUDPV LQ IROORZLQJ ÀYH
the process of setting it up began many years
dominant areas: Arts, Humanities, Management,
HDUOLHU %DFN LQ LWV IRXQGHU -DPVHWML
Sciences, and Engineering. Currently the
1XVVHUZDQML 7DWD LQVSLUHG E\ WKH &RQYRFDWLRQ
University is running 16 Departments spread
Address of Bombay University given by Lord
in 8 Schools and 1 Centre, and offering 9 Dual
Reay, the Governor of Bombay, had decided that
degree programs, 15 Master degree programs, 16
he wanted to contribute to higher education in
Research (Ph.D) programs.
714 India. Tata had an accidental meeting with Swami
Kalaburagi is a historic place which has a strong Vivekananda aboard a steamer on the way to
North America from Japan in September 1893 died in May 1904 well before IISc was etablished.
where he discussed his idea of starting a research After several delays following his death, the
university. The encounter was later recounted in *RYHUQPHQW ÀQDOO\ SDVVHG RQ D YHVWLQJ RUGHU
a letter Tata wrote to Vivekananda in November RQ 0D\ RIÀFLDOO\ FUHDWLQJ ,,6F ,W FDPH
1898. up in Bengaluru on the 371 acres of land gifted
by the Mysore Durbar, which also provided Rs.
In 1898, Tata offered to endow his property to
5 lakh towards capital expenditure and Rs.
contribute towards the expenses of the proposed
50,000 annually. Money for the remaining annual
university. The same year he also set up a
expenses came from Tata’s endowment (Rs 1.25
Provisional Committee under the leadership of
lakh per year) and the Government (Rs 87,500 per
%XUMRUML 3DGVKDK DQ HGXFDWLRQLVW WR LPSOHPHQW
year).
his vision. After extensive consultations they came
up with a preliminary scheme for a university that Tracing IISc’s Journey after its Centenary P
was tentatively called the Imperial University of Balaram, who was the Director during IISc’s
India. On 31 December 1898, a delegation led by centenary year, announced at the time that
Tata met the new Viceroy of India Lord Curzon Karnataka’s Chitradurga district would be IISc’s
to discuss the suggestions of the Provisional second home. Realising the need to improve the
Committee. Next October, at a conference quality of teaching in India, in 2011, the Talent
organised by the Indian Government in Simla, Development Centre (TDC) was created to train
the Government in principle agreed to the idea teachers on the temporary campus in Chitradugra.
of setting up the proposed university, which it This building was once a sheep breeding farm.
suggested should be called the Indian University 7KH ÀUVW EDWFK RI %6 5HVHDUFK VWXGHQWV DW
of Research. their graduation ceremony. The undergraduate
programme was established in 2011. The TDC is
By then, the Dewan of Mysore State Seshadri
expected to move to the 1500-acre campus which
Iyer offered land and additional money on behalf
is a stone’s throw from the existing campus in
of the Durbar for setting up the university in
Chitradurga. This building will also house a Skill
Bengaluru. Iyer was the advisor to the Regent
Development Centre to boost the manufacturing
EDUCATION AND
Queen Vani Vilasa Sannidhana, who ruled the
sector by training people in various engineering
6WDWH RQ EHKDOI RI KHU VRQ .ULVKQDUDMHQGUD
SPORTS
disciplines. A Solar Power Generation and
Wadiyar, then still a minor. At this point, the
Research Centre and a Climate Research Centre
Government recommended to the Provisional
will begin functioning on this campus.
Committee that a well-known European scientist
EH LQYLWHG WR JLYH ÀQDO VKDSH WR WKH SURMHFW $QG In 2011, the former President of India APJ
for this mission, the committee chose Sir William Abdul Kalam inaugurated the Centre for
Ramsay, the famous British chemist. Ramsay Excellence in Hypersonics and the Robert Bosch
submitted a detailed report to the Government Centre for Research in Cyber Physical Systems.
of India in early 1901 about the university (he In 2015, Prime Minister Narendra Modi unveiled
called it the Indian Institute of Research) which the foundation stone for the Centre for Brain
he believed should be in Bengaluru. Research created to study age-related disorders,
and the Centre for Nanoscience and Engineering
The Government, which still had concerns
which focuses on interdisciplinary research
about some of Ramsay’s suggestions, appointed
using nanoscale systems. The Departments
yet another committee comprising Colonel John
of Aerospace Engineering (right) and Physics
Clibborn, Principal of Thomason College of Civil
(bottom right) and the departments belonging to
Engineering (later renamed IIT Roorkee), and
Biological sciences (left) have moved into newer
David Orme Masson, a professor from Melbourne
and improved buildings. The building that will
University. The committee made several
house the Division of Chemical Sciences is under
recommendations (most were accepted), and also
construction.
urged the Government to consider Roorkee as a
potential location for the Institute (now referred Established in 1909, IISc is India’s leading
to as the Indian Institute of Science). But this institution of advanced education and research
proposal was deemed impractical as the city in the sciences and in engineering. From its
715
UHFHLYHGQRÀQDQFLDOEDFNLQJ7DWDXQIRUWXQDWHO\ beginnings, IISc has laid equal emphasis on
fundamental investigations and the solution take their research directly to society.
of practical problems in such a setting. IISc’s
In the coming years IISc aims to be counted
reputation and prominence ensures that it attracts
among the best institutions of higher education
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
the best of young faculty members trained in the
and research in the world. IISC continues to build
best laboratories around the world. Our faculty,
on our strengths in research in all cutting-edge
numbering around 500, carries out research
frontiers of modern science and engineering,
across 42 departments in most areas of the basic
persevere in developing world-class teaching
and applied sciences, publishing vigorously in
programmes at postgraduate and undergraduate
SUHPLHUMRXUQDOV
levels, nurture translational research, protect our
The Institute’s commitment to excellence is intellectual property and encourage the incubation
not restricted to the high calibre of its faculty. of successful startups. Further, IISC is conscious
With some of the best students in the country of its social responsibility and will continue to
seeking entry into IISc, the Institute ensures carry out activities with direct social impact, such
that the students who are admitted are exposed as school and undergraduate teachers training,
to a strong research training programme and development and dissemination of sustainable
pursue cutting edge research. The Institute has technologies and research with direct relevance to
a student population of around 4,200, of which society such as climate change, healthcare, water
there are about 2,750 doctoral students, roughly resources management and renewable energy.
950 master’s students, and about 500 students The International Institute of Information
in a four-year, research oriented undergraduate Technology, Bengaluru.: The International
programme in the sciences. The doctoral students Institute of Information Technology Bengaluru,
are carefully selected based on their performance a Deemed University, popularly known as IIIT-B,
in national examinations, in addition to personal was established in 1999 with a vision to contribute
interviews. All the degree programmes emphasise to the IT world by focusing on education and
WKH ,QVWLWXWH·V VWDWHG REMHFWLYH RI FRQGXFWLQJ research, entrepreneurship and innovation. The
original investigations. The Institute also has ,QVWLWXWH LV D UHJLVWHUHG QRWIRUSURÀW VRFLHW\
a Centre for Continuing Education which offers IXQGHGMRLQWO\E\WKH*RYHUQPHQWRI.DUQDWDNDDQG
several courses to those from outside IISc. the IT industry. Since its inception, IIIT-B, with its
These courses are designed keeping in mind the unique model of education, research, and industry
requirements of non-traditional students like high interaction, has grown in stature to become an
school teachers, researchers and engineers. institution of considerable repute in academic
as well as corporate circles. The Institute works
IISc has a vibrant and diverse campus spread
in partnership with the corporate sector, while
over 440 acres of greenery in the city of Bengaluru,
retaining the freedom of an academic institution.
formerly Bangalore, India’s hub of high-technology
It is inspired by other renowned institutions, and
companies (in aerospace, electronic and
also strives to emulate an academic culture that
information technology), educational and research
is on par with the best international institutions.
institutions and numerous start-ups. With the
KHOSRIDUHFHQWO\HVWDEOLVKHGRIÀFHFDOOHG',*,76 Mission: To build on the track record set by India
it is in the process of creating a best-in-class IT and in general and Bengaluru in particular, to enable
networking system. The Institute also has a new India to play a key role in the global IT scenario
campus at Challakere in the Chitradurga district through a world class institute with a focus on
RI .DUQDWDND 7KH ÁDJVKLS SURMHFW RI WKLV education and research, entrepreneurship and
acre campus has been a training programme for innovation. The graduate programs at IIIT-B are
science teachers. This programme has now been among the best in the country, offering training
recognized as a Centre for Excellence in Science RULHQWHG WRZDUGV SURGXFLQJ KLJKO\ TXDOLÀHG
and Mathematics Education by the Government practitioners and researchers. As an independent
of India. In recent times IISC has entered into institution and a deemed university, IIIT-B
collaborations with several technology giants to collaborates with the IT industry, leading academic
ÀQGVROXWLRQVWRSUREOHPVLQVWUategic areas like institutions abroad, and eminent scientists
and industry leaders to offer students the best
716 healthcare and energy. And many of the faculty
members have established their own start-ups to possible education. Our students have been well
received by industry, and have been placed with open environment that fosters creativity, critical
VRPHRIWKHOHDGLQJFRPSDQLHVLQWKHÀHOG LQIDFW thinking and knowledge sharing and c) genuine
IIIT-B can boast of 100 per cent placement for all commitment to make a lasting contribution to the
its graduates. Students are encouraged to ask broader society. At IIIT-B, these serve as guideposts
questions, pursue their research interests, and in our pursuit of excellence in teaching, research
gain membership and respect in the select club of and student development. The curriculum here is
high-achieving IT professionals. The infrastructure designed to strike an appropriate balance between
and interactions that IIIT-B offers students and foundational elements and industry relevance.
faculty makes possible the pursuit of individual Teaching methods at IIIT-B are continuously
DQG MRLQW SURMHFWV LQGXVWU\VSRQVRUHG UHVHDUFK evolving with developments in technology and
and study that is of the highest standards required increasing access to information sources. The
for global competitiveness. emphasis is on contextualization and enhancing
students experience and not the mere delivery of
The Institute has a relaxed, friendly atmosphere,
FRQWHQW 7KH VXFFHVV RI WKH LQWHUQVKLS DQG ÀQDO
but with a constant buzz of excitement due to
placement programs year after year is a visible
many well-known visitors including giants from
sign of the value that employers attach to Ill T-B
industry, well-known scientists, and leaders of
students.
government from all over the world. Admission
is selective but not restrictive. The institution is The Institute focuses on the generation of
very proud of the achievements of the alumni, and new ideas, building a deep understanding of
strive to gain good students who will achieve their technology, and teaching with skill and passion.
potential and continue this trend. The institution The institute aims at inculcating skill, knowledge,
warmly welcomes applicants from different WHDPZRUN SHUVHYHUDQFH DQG VHOI FRQÀGHQFH
backgrounds who share the vision of excellence. in its students. The institute has a short but
International Institute of Information Technology distinguished history of 17 years producing
Bengaluru, (IIIT Bengaluru) is promoted by the quality post-graduates every year. The 2000+
Karnataka government and the IT industry. IIIT strong alumni occupy key positions in various
EDUCATION AND
Bengaluru attracts high quality students from all corporations, delivering tremendous value to their
organizations. The courses are designed with
SPORTS
over India and abroad to its acclaimed iMTech.
M. Tech., M.S. by Research and PhD programs. an eye on the requirements of the industry, and
Along with a very distinguished faculty, they DUHNHSWÁH[LEOHWRDFFRPPRGDWHDQ\FKDQJHVLQ
pursue research in a unique campus located in the industry. Students from different technical
Electronic City, the heart of the IT Industry in and cultural backgrounds come together in the
%HQJDOXUX 7KH PDMRU REMHFWLYHV RI WKH ,QVWLWXWH institute, realizing the potential of unity and
are, to be a specialized centre for higher learning teamwork. Immense support from the faculty
in IT, to promote Bengaluru as a global centre of members enables the students to stay on the path
Excellence in IT, to carry out R&D, both on its own RI VFLHQWLÀF HQTXLU\ ,Q DGGLWLRQ WR KLJK TXDOLW\
account and also based on sponsorship from the publications, the students and faculty have
Indian and global IT industry, to act as an interface SURGXFHGVHYHUDOSDWHQWVDQGQRYHOSURMHFWV6WDWH
between industry and the academic community, of the art technology infrastructure is available
to co-create and commercialize Intellectual to all the students in the various research
Property, to train professionals from industry and laboratories in the institute. The institute has
government on advanced IT technologies. IIITB an excellent library, through which the students
has been conferred the status of Deemed to be a have access to the latest developments in their
University by the University Grants Commission ÀHOGV 7KH LQVWLWXWH DWWUDFWV D ORW RI YLVLWRUV
(UGC) under section 3 of the UGC Act in 2005 and the list of distinguished visitors in its short
and is, therefore, empowered to award degrees. history is a very long one. The institute helps the
The Institute has also been accredited by the students keep in touch with the pace of innovation
National Assessment and Accreditation Council and development in the industry by holding
(NAAC) with the highest grade of A. The best conferences and workshops at regular intervals.
universities in the world share common traits - a) The entrepreneurship cell of the institute is very 717
ability to attract talented faculty and students, b)
active, and has incubated and supported several frontiers of science and engineering. The Centre
companies in the campus. These companies have was established in 1989 by the Department of
since moved on to other successes, but have Science and Technology of the Government of India,
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
proved to be an excellent training ground for the to mark the birth centenary of Pandit Jawaharlal
VWXGHQWV 7KH ORFDO 63,&0$&$< FKDSWHU DOVR Nehru. However, the bulk of our growth has been
conducts a yearly musical and dance festival, in the past decade. JNCASR small size (around 50
in which the students and various famed artists faculty members, spread over several disciplines)
perform, delivering an enthralling evening of LVDQDGYDQWDJH QRWVHJUHJDWHGLQIDUÁXQJODEV
music and culture. The students are also active in our chemists, physicists, biologists and engineers
the community work around the college. A yearly rub shoulders throughout the day. This fosters a
blood donation camp is a regular feature at Ill TB spirit of interdisciplinary collaboration which is
where a large number of students donate blood. one of the hallmarks of JNCASR. In addition to
its young and dynamic faculty, JNCASR have over
The institute has a vibrant student exchange 300 bright and energetic graduate students and
program with several universities including state-of-the art experimental, computational and
MIT, City University of Berlin, Hoff University, infrastructural facilities. JNCASR are a Deemed
University of Nottingham and Southampton University granting Master’s and Ph.D degrees.
University. IIITB is the mentor institute for setting
up of Myanmar Institute of Information Technology Researchers at the Centre are divided
(MIIT) at Mandalay. This is being done as part of into nine units: Chemistry and Physics of
WKH 0($ 'HYHORSPHQW 3DUWQHUVKLS 3URMHFW ZLWK Materials, Educational Technology, Engineering
*RYW RI 0\DQPDU $V SDUW RI WKH SURMHFW ,,,7% Mechanics, Evolutionary and Integrative Biology,
is expected to help set up and manage MIIT for Geodynamics, Molecular Biology and Genetics,
WKH ÀUVW \HDUV 0,,7 FXUUHQWO\ RIIHUV D 3RVW New Chemistry, Neuroscience, Theoretical
Graduate Diploma in Software Development, a 9 6FLHQFHV 7KRXJK LW LV RI FRXUVH GLIÀFXOW WR
months program designed to prepare the graduate TXDQWLI\ VFLHQWLÀF SHUIRUPDQFH E\ DOO QXPHULFDO
VWXGHQWV,7LQGXVWU\UHDG\7KHÀUVWEDWFKRIWKH indications (numbers of publications, citations,
JUDQWV SDWHQWV ÀOHG HWF VFLHQFH DW WKH &HQWUH
program was started in Oct 2015 with a strength
of 60 students. MIIT also has a B.E (Hons) LV ÁRXULVKLQg. In the last few years, the Centre’s
program, launched on 15th December 2015 with faculty members have published their research in
a batch strength of 120 students. IIITB is helping VRPH RI WKH PRVW SUHVWLJLRXV VFLHQWLÀF MRXUQDOV
with the procurement process to ensure world including Nature, Nature Medicine, Science,
class infrastructure is set up at MllT on the same Evolution, the Journal of the American Chemical
lines (if not better than) available in the top class Society, Angewandte Chemie, the Journal of Fluid
institutions at India. IIITB actively encourages Mechanics, and Physical Review Letters. The work
the pursuit of entrepreneurial ventures. The IIITB of the Centre’s faculty is also being recognized by
Innovation Centre, a section 8 Company under various awards.
the Companies Act (2013) provides incubation JNCASR also support a range of educational
facilities and seed funding for promising ideas outreach activities: every year, its highly
WKDW FRXOG KDYH WKH VLJQLÀFDQW VRFLDO LPSDFW RU competitive Summer Research Fellowship
economic value. The entrepreneurship cell of the programme hosts some of the very brightest
institute is very active and has incubated and undergraduates in the country; the Educational
supported around 40 companies in the campus. Technology Unit produces it range of teaching aids
These companies have since moved on to other
and educational material; it organises and teach
successes but have proved to be an excellent
short term courses at universities across India;
training ground for the students.
and promising young chemists and biologists are
Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced trained intensively as part of the programmes of
6FLHQWLÀF5HVHDUFK JNCASR), Bengaluru. 3URMHFW2ULHQWHG&KHPLFDO(GXFDWLRQ 32&( DQG
JNCASR is a relatively young but already well- 3URMHFW2ULHQWHG%LRORJLFDO(GXFDWLRQ 32%(
known multidisciplinary research institute.
-1&$65 IDFXOW\ DQG VWXGHQWV EHQHÀW IURP
JNCASR mandate is to pursue and promote
718 ZRUOGFODVVVFLHQWLÀFUHVHDUFKDQGWUDLQLQJDWWKH interacting with scientists at the many research
institutions in the greater Bengaluru area. The
intellectual atmosphere at JNCASR is further development of multimedia CD-ROMs especially
livened by a regular stream of visitors from for school students and teachers in various
all over the world, who contribute to spirited disciplines of science. The content has also been
VFLHQWLÀF GLVFXVVLRQV DW VHPLQDUV FRQIHUHQFHV developed in vernacular languages to science
and summer schools. JNCASR believe it possess popularization programs in various parts of the
DOOWKHQHFHVVDU\LQJUHGLHQWVWRH[FHOLQVFLHQWLÀF country.
research and education, and look forward to
A humanoid at the Swiss Federal Institute
growing further in the coming years.
of Technology in Lausanne’s Biorobotics
In addition to pursuing research in various Laboratory. Credit: Alain Herzog/EPFL. Renowned
contemporary areas, the Centre also has several institutions, bolstered by factors such as long
Science Outreach and Fellowship Programmes. history, good reputation, generous funding and
One such activity is the Summer Research size, reign over the 2019 Nature Index Annual
Fellowship Programme for young students. Tables. But in this normalized top 10, the rankings
$URXQG VWXGHQWV KDYH EHQHÀWWHG IURP WKLV shift because it considers an institution’s Nature
programme since it’s inception in 1990. Every Index output as a proportion of its overall output
year around 2000 applications are received, out in the natural sciences, based on article counts
of which 50-60 fellowships are offered. This is one in the Dimensions from Digital Science database.
of the highly acclaimed programmes of the Centre
Some of the top 10 have tiny article counts
and the students are very appreciative of the
compared with the likes of Harvard University:
EHQHÀWV HQDEOLQJ WKHP WR JHW LQVSLUHG WRZDUGV
the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory is number
VFLHQWLÀF UHVHDUFK GXULQJ HDUO\ VWDJH RI WKHLU
one, yet comes 345th in our Annual Tables;
education.
the 30-year-old Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for
$QRWKHU LQLWLDWLYH LQ SURPRWLQJ VFLHQWLÀF $GYDQFHG 6FLHQWLÀF 5HVHDUFK of Bengaluru
research from undergraduate level it has initiated in India is 7th in the normalized ranking and
programmes in chemistry and biology to begin otherwise 413th. Princeton University is an
ZLWK 7KH 3URMHFW 2ULHQWHd Chemical Education impressive 9th normalized and 24th otherwise.
EDUCATION AND
32&( DQG WKH 3URMHFW 2ULHQWHG %LRORJLFDO Some academic institutions fare much worse
SPORTS
Education Programme (POBE) have completed than their reputations might predict, and others,
11 and 9 years respectively. Ten meritorious much better. As the normalization analysis
students are selected from across the country demonstrates, size isn’t everything, and neither is
for each of these programme. As part of this, rank.
students undertake work with faculty members
-DZDKDUODO1HKUX&HQWUHIRU$GYDQFHG6FLHQWLÀF
RIWKH&HQWUHRQVPDOOSURMHFWVGXULQJWKHLUPLG
Research Fractional count: 23.26, Article count:
semester breaks. They also attend special lectures
and seminars at the Centre. On completion of 33, Nature Index Rank: 413
their training which lasts for 3 summers, they (VWDEOLVKHG MXVW \HDUV DJR LQ %HQJDOXUX
DUH LVVXHG D 'LSORPD FHUWLÀFDWH LQ &KHPLVWU\ RU India, and today with some 53 faculty members
Biology as the case may be. and 300 students, the Jawaharlal Nehru Centre
Apart from these programmes, the Centre also IRU $GYDQFHG 6FLHQWLÀF 5HVHDUFK -1&$65 LV
offers Visiting Scientist Fellowships to research VLJQLÀFDQWO\ \RXQJHU DQG VPDOOHU WKDQ PDQ\
scientists in educational institutions and R & D of the institutions in the Nature Index Annual
laboratories, to work with the faculty and honorary Tables. But this point of difference, along with
faculty of the Centre. This program has been its location in the ‘Silicon Valley of India’, has
welcoming by many young researchers as they become its strength, facilitating the kinds of
are able to hone their skills or develop research collaborations that come from close quarters and
laboratory in their parent establishment after a fresh approach to interdisciplinary research.
undergoing a training and research in the Centre. 0DMRU VWXGLHV LQYROYLQJ -1&$65 UHVHDUFKHUV
The Centre also organizes workshops for teachers in recent years include a Science Translational
and students of schools for popularizing science. Medicine SDSHU DERXW VSLQDOFRUG LQMXULHV DQG
The Centre, through Educational Technology Unit, a Nature Neuroscience paper with new insights 719
is actively involved in the concept, production and into the hippocampus. The centre claims a
QXPEHU RI KLJKSURÀOH UHVHDUFKHUV DQG DOXPQL 600 Clinical Psychologists and Psychiatric Nurses
VXFK DV SK\VLFLVW 5DPD *RYLQGDUDMDQ oft- so far-who are working in both national and
noted woman in science and recipient of the 2007 international contexts.
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize-one of the highest
The Central Government recognized its eminent
multidisciplinary science awards in India.
academic position, growth and contributions
The National Institute of Mental Health and declared it a ‘Deemed University’ in 1994. In
and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS): The National 2012, NIMHANS was conferred the status of an
Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences ‘Institute of National Importance’.
(NIMHANS) is a multi disciplinary institute for
SDWLHQWFDUHDQGDFDGHPLFSXUVXLWLQWKHÀHOGRI The history of the mental health care system
mental health and neurosciences. in Karnataka dates back to the colonial times. In
the 18th century, the legendary warrior Tipu
NIMHANS is synonymous with providing high Sultan was killed by the British and power was
standards of clinical care, quality training and handed back to the Wodeyar clan. A British army
cutting-edge research in the frontier areas. regiment was stationed in Bengaluru, which was
Combined priorities for comprehensive patient then part of the princely state of Mysore. During
care, manpower development and research, stem the period, especially from 1831-1881, under the
from the commitment to an integrated and multi administration of British Commissioner Sir Mark
disciplinary approach which addresses societal Cubbon, the region witnessed a lot of developments
needs. The advances in genomics, computational in the healthcare system. Western medicine was
neuroscience, mathematical modelling, introduced and hospitals/dispensaries were
neuroimaging, molecular biology and a host of opened for the care of British infantry, Indian
new disciplines including public health, are being soldiers and civilians.
translated to help humanity in need and promote
the growth of knowledge. The Bangalore Lunatic Asylum was founded in
1847. Dr. Charles Irwing Smith, a British medical
A special feature of this Institute since its practitioner in Bengaluru, played a pivotal role in
inception is the combination of research and the establishment of the asylum. The simple yet
training with promotive, preventive and curative
airy structured asylum with 50 beds was located
aspects of clinical services in Mental Health and
at Pete or Pettah, Dharmambudi tank area (the
Neurosciences.
SUHVHQW6WDWH%DQNRI0\VRUHKHDGRIÀFHEXLOGLQJ
The manpower development programmes at at the intersection of Kempegowda Road and
1,0+$16UHÁHFWWKHVWULGHVLQIXVLQJWRJHWKHUDQG Avenue Road, Bengaluru).
nurturing behavioural sciences, neurosciences,
At the asylum, the mentally-ill were allowed to
basic biological sciences and ancient health
move freely on the premises and were provided
systems.
with opportunities to take part in activities like
The Institute provides inputs to the Central rope-making, gardening, cleaning and other
and State Governments in areas including the domestic works. In the ensuing years, doctors
establishment of new psychiatric facilities, from Indian Medical Service were appointed and
improvement of existing facilities and strategizing the number of patients at the asylum began to
a national programme for mental health. rise. By 1914, about 100 patients were admitted
and discharged on an average, every year.
The Institute has emerged as the nodal centre
IRUHYROYLQJQDWLRQDOSROLFLHVLQWKHÀHOGRIPHQWDO In 1925, the asylum was rechristened
KHDOWKQHXURVFLHQFHVDQGLQMXU\7KLVH[HPSOLÀHV Mental Hospital signifying a paradigm shift in
a unique model of successful partnership between management of mental problems. The old asylum
the Union and State Governments (Ministry of /mental hospital on Avenue Road was closed in
Health and Family Welfare). 1936-37, and the staff and patients moved to the
new site Lakkasandra, the second highest hillock
1,0+$16 KDV PDGH VLJQLÀFDQW SURJUHVV DQG
is a centre for excellence in mental health and in Bengaluru.
neuroscience in the country. NIMHANS has More than 100 acres of land was donated by
720
produced more than 1,000 Psychiatrists, about WKH 0DKDUDMD RI 0\VRUH WR HVWDEOLVK WKH 0HQWDO
Hospital. Dr. Frank Xavier Noronha became the being under the Chairmanship of Sir Joesph
ÀUVWVXSHULQWHQGHQWRIWKH0HQWDO+RVSLWDO$WWKLV Bhore) reviewed the state of mental health in
time (in 1936), Sir Mirza Ismail held the coveted India and recognized the paramount need for the
position of the Dewan of Mysore. This period production of an adequate number of medical and
was billed as the golden age of Mysore. Both Sir auxillary personnel trained in various aspects of
Ismail and Dr. Noronha were keen gardeners and mental health. The Committee recommended that
avid horticulturists. Their common passion for all the professionals employed in mental health
well-designed public spaces led to the formation work should possess a recognized Diploma in
of a new structure for the Mental Hospital Psychological Medicine. The committee also opined
encompassing vibrant gardens replete with lush that the expansion of mental health services could
landscapes and open spaces. The duo personally be carried out only if there were simultaneous
planted many of the exotic tree species that can intensive training programmes.
still be seen on the campus.
The State Government Mental Hospital,
The new building itself was loosely based on the Bengaluru, which had already built up certain
plans of the Institute of Psychiatry building, which traditions since 1938 in terms of under-graduate
was then housed at the Bethlem hospital site in DQGJUDGXDWHWHDFKLQJLQWKHÀHOGRI3V\FKLDWU\ZDV
0RRUÀHOGV 8QLWHG.LQJGRP ,WZDVFRQVWUXFWHGE\ chosen as the centre of training by the Government
WKHFLYLOHQJLQHHULQJÀUPWKH0\VRUH(QJLQHHULQJ RI,QGLD,WEHFDPHWKHÀUVWSRVWJUDGXDWHWUDLQLQJ
Company (MEC), which was staffed entirely by institute in psychiatry for the country.
Indian engineers. It was considered essential that
the spaces in an asylum provide an environment Dr. MV Govindaswamy, played a vital role in the
conducive for recovery, and this principle lay at formation of the AIIMH and became its founder-
the root of asylum design, where “where one could director. Academic activities and courses in
be both mad and safe”. Psychiatry, Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry
were introduced. He kept pace with all the
This careful consideration to a healing developments in the global mental health scenario
environment contrasted sharply with other and ensured that all important forms of treatment
EDUCATION AND
asylums in India, which were often hand-me- LQWURGXFHG LQ PDMRU GHYHORSHG FRXQWULHV ZDV
GRZQVIURPMDLOVRUEDUUDFNV7KLVEXLOGLQJDQG brought to India. He was also successful in
SPORTS
the Hospital for Europeans and Indians in Ranchi, blending Indian psychology with philosophy to
were the only two custom-built asylums in British understand human behaviour better.
India in the early 20th century, and were designed
with the explicit purpose of providing a healing In 1974, AIIMH and Mental Hospital were
environment and with all the necessary modern amalgamated, giving birth to the National Institute
attributes. of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS).
With this, the legacy of Dr. MV.Govindaswamy
Dr. Noronha, after his retirement, was to implement a multidisciplinary approach by
succeeded by Dr. MV Govindaswamy who was a integrating mental health and neurosciences
trained doctor in the Mysore Medical Service with turned into a reality.
BSc (Chemistry) and MA (Psychology) degrees.
:KHQ 'U*RYLQGDVZDP\ MRLQHG DV WKH PHGLFDO Karnataka Regional Engineering College:
superintendent of the Mysore State Mental The foundation stone for Karnataka Regional
Hospital, he was faced with the challenge of Engineering College (KREC) was laid on 6 August
developing the mental hospital into a ‘open’, model 1960 at Surathkal. It was made possible through
mental health care institution. Dr. Govindaswamy the efforts of U.Srinivas Mallya and V.S. Kudva and
successfully transformed the hospital into a the area is now called Srinivasnagar in his honour.
modern institute of mental health and neuro KREC began with three under-graduate courses
sciences, which further went on to become the in engineering: Mechanical, Electrical and Civil
OHDGLQJDQGÀUVWRILWVNLQGWUDLQLQJDQGUHVHDUFK ZLWKDIÀOLDWLRQWRWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI0\VRUH
centre in India. saw the beginning of under-graduate courses
in Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering. In
In 1946, the Health Survey and Development 1966, the college VWDUWHG LWV ÀUVW SRVWJUDGXDWH
Committee (also known as the Bhore Committee course in Marine Structures and Industrial 721
Structures, followed by post-graduate courses in NITK Surathkal offers undergraduate and
Industrial Electronics (1969), Heat Power (1971), graduate programs in Engineering, Science
Hydraulics and Water Resources (1971), Chemical and Management. The institute has 14
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
Plant Design Engineering (1971) and Process departments and 11 support centres with about
Metallurgy (1972). 200 faculty members, 300 support staff, 5,500
students and 15,500 alumni worldwide.
More under-graduate engineering
courses were added later : Electronics and Research and Industrial consulting :
Communication Engineering (1971), Mining Research in the institute is mainly sponsored
Engineering (1984), Computer Engineering (1986) by central and state government agencies
and information technology (2000). In 1980, with grants for the academic year reaching 10
.5(& FDPH XQGHU WKH DIÀOLDWLRQ RI 0DQJDORUH crore (US$1.4 million). Additionally newly
8QLYHUVLW\ DQG WKH ÀYH\HDU XQGHUJUDGXDWH recruited faculty are provided a seed grant of 5
courses were shortened to four-years. On 26 June lakh (US$7,000) for research. Faculty go on
2002, it was elevated to the status of a National sabbaticals at foreign universities to encourage
Institute of Technology and has been called NIT research and teaching interactions. Consulting
Karnataka (NITK) ever since. It is now a Deemed activities are also conducted through the industry-
University. NITK celebrated its 50th Institute institute partnership cell.
Foundation day on 6 August 2009. The year-long Admissions : Undergraduate programs: The
Golden Jubilee celebrations were inaugurated on B.Tech admissions were based on the AIEEE
10 August 2009. (All India Engineering Entrance Exam). The
The 295.35 acre (1.1952 km2) campus is exam consists of three sections on Mathematics,
located on National Highway 66 (formerly National Physics and Chemistry. From the 2013 academic
Highway 17), by the shores of Arabian Sea. year onwards, admission is through the JEE
It has a private beach, including a lighthouse. (Mains) test and ranks are based on 60 per cent
Almost all the students reside on-campus, as of the marks scored in the test and 40 per cent
do most of the staff. Staff quarters consist of in the class 12 per cent Second PU Board exams.
Undergraduate admissions were based on a state
the Director’s quarters, Professors & Assistant
wise reciprocal system. 50 per cent of the seats
Professors quarters, Lecturers & Assistant
were reserved for students from the home state of
Lecturers quarters, Warden quarters, bachelors
Karnataka. Until 2007, the rest of the 50 per cent
quarters and non-teaching staff colony. There are
was distributed over other NITs, with each state
more than 200 residences on campus including
KDYLQJDÀ[HGTXRWDRIVHDWV+RZHYHUVLQFHWKH
LQGHSHQGHQWKRXVHVDQGÁDWV
batch starting in 2008, the remaining 50 per cent
The campus includes a Co-operative Society has been made open to all other states. 10 per cent
and a marketing center. Both State Bank of of the seats in the undergraduate class are reserved
India and Canara Bank have branches in the for foreign students under the Direct Admission
campus along with ATM facility. The Central of Student Abroad (DASA) scheme. Admissions
/LEUDU\ KDV D ÁRRU DUHD RI P DQG LWV are based on the aggregate score obtained out
three reading halls can accommodate a total of RI LQ WKH 6$7 6XEMHFW 7HVW LQ 0DWKHPDWLFV
600 students. The Central Computer Centre, Level 2, Physics and Chemistry.
established in 1995 as a supporting facility,
Postgraduate programs: Postgraduate
maintains the network backbone of the college and
students are admitted to the program through
has computer labs that augment the computing
the Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE)
facilities in the teaching departments.
conducted by the Indian Institutes of Technology
Apart from the above, the campus also houses a and the Indian Institute of Science. Postgraduate
VWDIIFOXEDSRVWRIÀFHWZRVFKRROV .DQQDGDDQG students are required to complete course work in
English medium), guest houses, a food court, a addition to a thesis or dissertation that entails
swimming pool and playgrounds. These facilities independent research under the guidance of a
are made available to both the staff and the faculty. Postgraduate and doctoral Ph.D students
are also involved as teaching assistants for
722 students at NITK.
undergraduate courses. An MBA course has
been recently introduced by the Humanities Pollution Control 1995 Central Computer Center
department. NITK also offers MCA (Master of established in Independent Building.
Computer Application) course for graduate
1996 PG Program in Computer Science and
students in which admission is done on the based
Engineering introduced.
on NIMCET(NIT MCA Common Entrance Test).
NITK from 2003 is offering Doctor of Philosophy (OHFWURQLFV (GXFDWLRQ 1HWZRUN 3URMHFW
Ph.D program for M.tech and other post graduate funded by Swiss Agency for Development and Co-
students. operation Special Manpower Development in VLSI
Important Milestones: Design funded by Ministry of Communication and
1960 August 6, founded as Karnataka Information technology, GOI 1999 Campus wide
Regional Engineering College (KREC) with 3 Optical Fiber Network installed.
UG undergraduate programs (Civil, Mechanical 2000 UG Program in Information Technology
Engineering and Electrical Engineering) under introduced.
DIÀOLDWLRQWR8QLYHUVLW\RI0\VRUH
2002 Elevated to Status of Deemed University
1965 Chemical Engineering and Materials and renamed as National Institute of Technology
and Metallurgical Engineering undergraduate
Karnataka (NITK).
programs started.
2003 August 6, First Annual Convocation of NITK.
1966 Industrially oriented Postgraduate (PG)
programs in Industrial Structures and Marine 2004 Lead Institution status for World Bank
Structures introduced. funded Technical Education Quality Improvement
Program (TEQIP).
1967 Grant of UN special fund and UNESCO
International experts assistance in development 2006 Launch of Centre of Excellence & Relevance
of Postgraduate programs. (CORE) in Industrial Bio-technology in Chemical
Engineering Department funded by TIFAC, DST,
1971 UG program in Mining Engineering
Govt. of India.
introduced.
EDUCATION AND
2007 Declared as Institute of National Importance
$IÀOLDWLRQVKLIWHGIURP0\VRUH8QLYHUVLW\WR
SPORTS
through NIT Act of Parliament (15th August
Mangalore University.
2007) Introduction of PG Program - Industrial
1984 UG Program in Mining Engineering Biotechnology.
introduced.
2008 All academic programs accredited by
1985 UG Program in Computer Engineering National Board of Accreditation (NBA) recognized
initiated. DVPDMRU4,3FHQWUHIRUDOO3*DQG3K'SURJUDPV
&HQWUHRI<RJLF6FLHQFHV &RQWLQXLQJ(GXFDWLRQ
1988 Master of Computer Application program
opened in a new building.
started.
2009 Successful implementation of World
1990 PG program in Materials Engineering
started. Bank Sponsored TEQIP Phase-I program
Mentoring of new institute, NIT-Goa was entrusted
1992 Introduction of PG program in Power and to NITK Surathkal by MHRD 50th foundation
Energy Systems. day celebrated Inauguration of Golden Jubilee
celebrations 24th Indian Engineering Congress &
3URMHFW ,03$&7 IXQGHG E\ 6ZLVV $JHQF\
39th Annual Convention Organized Global Alumni
for Development & Cooperation, World Bank and
meet was held at NITK Surathkal Induction of
GOI.
one BOSCH sponsored Professorial Chair in
1994 Grant of MHIRD Centre of Excellence Mechanical Engineering.
)XQGLQJ *UDQW RI 8.,QGLD 5(& SURMHFW XQGHU
IT theme KREC STEP and R&D Centre for 2010 Prepared a strategic plan for the 2010-
&OD\ 5RRÀQJ 7LOHV %ULFNV DQG RWKHU &HUDPLFV 2020 Induction of one Ministry of Steel sponsored
established Introduction of PG program- Industrial Professorial Chair in Metallurgical and Materials
723
Engineering New teaching Block inaugurated.
2011 1512 seater Mega Hostel was inaugurated $ORQJ ZLWK WHQ GLVFLSOLQDU\ DUHDV DQG ÀYH
Initiation of World Bank Sponsored TEQIP centres of excellence that offer courses and
Phase - II program New Mechanical Engineering conduct research on interesting questions facing
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
building block inaugurated New Science block various sectors of industry, it has three faculty
was inaugurated Vehicular underpass across recruiting centres-the Centre for Management
National Highway 66 inaugurated 33 KVA sub- Communication, the Centre for Public Policy and
station was commissioned Global Alumni meet the NSCEL.
was held at Bengaluru. 7KH ,QVWLWXWH KDV MXVW ODXQFKHG D &HQWUH IRU
2012 347 seater New ladies block was Teaching and Learning (CTL) to engage in research
inaugurated. All India admissions for UG programs and practice that would improve the teaching
to all NIT’s under Central Counseling Board (CCB) effectiveness of faculty members, leading to the
was successfully co-ordinated by NITK Global development of better learning abilities of students
Alumni meet held at Dubai. and through its outreach programmes, to act as
a national resource for improving the standards
Indian Institute of Management Bengaluru of teaching in institutes of higher education. An
The Indian Institute of Management Bengaluru India-Japan Study Centre at IIMB has been set
(IIMB) is a leading graduate school of up to promote understanding of Japan in India
management in Asia. Under the IIM Act of 2017, and India in Japan through research, teaching
IIMB is an Institute of National Importance. and policy outreach efforts. An Israel Centre at
IIMB has around 110 full time faculty members, IIM Bengaluru has been set up to act as a hub
more than 1200 students across various degree/ for research on Indo-Israeli interactions in the
diploma granting programmes and nearly 5000 ÀHOGVRIWHFKQRORJ\LQQRYDWLRQEXVLQHVVVWUDWHJ\
annual Executive Education participants. The and history, government policies and culture,
institute logo carries a proclamation in Sanskrit, by uniting scholars, business community and
7HMDVYL QDYDGKLWDPDVWX ZKLFK WUDQVODWHV DV ¶OHW students.
our study be enlightening’. Our vision is to be a
The Institute has key partnerships and
global, renowned academic institution fostering
collaborations with Goldman Sachs for women
excellence in management, innovation and
entrepreneurship, with Michael and Susan Dell
entrepreneurship for business, government and
)RXQGDWLRQ IRU LQFXEDWLRQ RI QRQSURÀWV DQG
society.
with NITI Aayog for scaling up. The Institute is
Located in India’s high technology capital, the committed to make deep social impact using
institute is in close proximity to some of the technology-enabled education. Towards this end,
leading corporate houses in the country, ranging it offer Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs)
from information technology to consumer product WKURXJK HG; D QRWIRUSURÀW RQOLQH LQLWLDWLYH
companies, giving us the added advantage of of Harvard and MIT that offers online courses
integrating classroom knowledge with practical IURP WKH ZRUOG·V EHVW XQLYHUVLWLHV ,W LV WKH ÀUVW
experience. The Institute’s degree/diploma granting management school in India to offer MOOCs on
programmes comprise the Fellow Programme the edX platform. It is the Co-ordinating institute
in Management (FPM), the Post Graduate IRU PDQDJHPHQW HGXFDWLRQ IRU 6:$<$0 *R,·V
Programme in Public Policy and Management online education platform. The Institute has
taken several steps, over the years, to meet the
(PGPPM), the one year full-time Executive Post
vision set for IIMB. These include hiring high
Graduate Programme in Management (EPGP),
quality faculty, enhancing the quality of research,
the Post Graduate Programme in Enterprise
emphasizing internationalization, expanding our
Management (PGPEM), and the Post Graduate
DFWLYLWLHVLQWKHÀHOGRIHQWUHSUHQHXUVKLSLQERWK
Programme in Management (PGP). IIMB offers
research and mentoring, scaling up in terms of
the NS Ramaswamy Pre-doctoral (NSR Pre-doc)
student intake in all the programmes, deepening
Fellowship programme with the aim to increase
the engagement with the alumni, improving
social diversity of management academia in
infrastructure and improving administration and
India. All these programmes are very highly rated
governance.
and IIMB alumni occupy senior managerial and
724
academic positions around the world. The Institute has been accredited by the EFMD
Quality Improvement System (EQUIS) for period from partner schools visit IIMB. The GNWs
RI ÀYH \HDUV LQ (48,6 LV D JOREDO VFKRRO feature sessions by eminent faculty, guest
accreditation system run by the European speakers from the industry coupled with company
Foundation for Management Development (EFMD) visits. Likewise, several of our students enrol for
that specializes in higher education institutions the Global Network Weeks conducted around
of management and business administration. the world. The faculty have also offered Small
7KH IXQGDPHQWDO REMHFWLYH RI (48,6 OLQNHG WR Network Open Courses (SNOC) to the GNAM
the mission of EFMD, is to raise the standard of partner schools. On the anvil are plans to develop
PDQDJHPHQW HGXFDWLRQ ZRUOGZLGH 7KH ÀYH\HDU the second campus and have larger batch sizes
accreditation, highest that EQUIS confers, is a of existing programmes. It is are on an exciting
testimony to the fact that the evaluating team
WUDMHFWRU\RIH[SDQVLRQDQGJURZWK
ZDVFRQÀGHQWDERXWWKHDELOLW\WRVXVWDLQHIIRUWV
undertaken to achieve excellent standards in The National Law School of India University
education, internationalization and research. For The National Law School of India University
the tenth year in a row, in 2018, Eduniversal, FDPHLQWRH[LVWHQFHWKURXJKD1RWLÀFDWLRQXQGHU
Paris has ranked IIMB the top business school the National Law School of India University
in Central Asia. This ranking covers the 1000 $FW .DUQDWDND $FW RI ,W VLJQLÀHG WKH
best business schools in 154 countries in nine culmination of efforts by the Judiciary, the Bar
geographical zones: Africa, Central Asia, Eastern Council of India, the Karnataka Bar Council,
Europe, Eurasia & the Middle East, Far East the Bengaluru University and the Government
Asia, Latin America, North America, Oceania and of Karnataka to reform legal education and to
Western Europe. establish a centre of excellence for legal education
IIMB’s EPGP has been ranked among the top 35 and research in India.
in FT Global MBA Ranking 2019. The one-year The Law School has a campus of its own, located
full-time Executive Post Graduate Programme of
in Nagarbhavi, about 10 kms from the City
IIM Bengaluru shoots up 2 spots to be placed
railway station and standing over twenty-three
at No. 33. The Post Graduate Programme in
acres beside the Institute of Social and Economic
EDUCATION AND
Management (PGP) of IIM Bengaluru has been
Change. Since 1991, it is a fully residential
listed among the top 25 master’s in management
SPORTS
university on one campus with three Halls of
Ranking 2018. This ranking assesses institutes
Residence for men, three Halls of Residence for
EDVHG RQ ÀYH GLIIHUHQW PHWULFV ZKLFK DUH
women, two Hostels for post-graduate women
alumni outcomes, class and faculty diversity,
employability, thought leadership and value for students, three blocks for Faculty Quarters
money. and two blocks for non-teaching staff Quarters
EHVLGHV WKH $FDGHPLF %ORFN 7KH PXQLÀFHQFH RI
The Institute has a vibrant Student Exchange 0UV 6XGKD 1DUD\DQDPXUWK\ RI ,1)26<6 KDV
Programme with several partner universities enabled the Law School to have the Shri Melgiri
across North America, Europe, Asia, Australia Narayan Rao Memorial Library, named after her
and South America. The Institute has deep father, for providing up-to-date library facilities.
engagements with international networks, such
The library was inaugurated by Mr. Justice R.C.
as the Global Network for Advanced Management
Lahoti, the then Chief Justice of India, on 17th
(GNAM), which includes 31 eminent business
August, 2005.
schools around the world and Partnership in
International Management (PIM), a consortium The Chief Justice of India is the Chancellor
of more than 60 leading international business of the University. The Chairman, Bar Council of
schools around the world. The GNAM is convened India, is the Chairman of the General Council.
E\<DOH8QLYHUVLW\DQGLQFOXGHV,16($'/RQGRQ These connections lend a stature and prestige to
School of Economics and Fudan University among the School which is unparalleled in the history
others. of legal education in India. The Karnataka Act
Being an active participant in the GNAM confers complete administrative and academic
network, the institute hosts Global Network autonomy which facilitates innovation and
Weeks (GNWs) in the months of March and experimentation in the pursuit of excellence in
725
October every year when international students legal education.
7KHÀUVWEDWFKRIVWXGHQts was selected through their students have spent at least a Trimester
a National Entrance Test and regular academic here. This has facilitated exchange of ideas and
activities began on 1st July, 1988. It was a culture between not only the law schools but
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
VLJQLÀFDQW DFKLHYHPHQW WKDW VWXGHQWV IURP WKLV also the countries. Faculty members of this
batch won the Bar Council of India National Moot University have gone to the Universities of Wales,
&RXUW&RPSHWLWLRQLQWKHLUYHU\ÀUVW\HDURIOHJDO Warwick and Nottingham and Faculty from these
education. Ever since, admissions to the Law Universities have spent sometime here doing
School has been on the basis of performance at teaching and research under the Exchange and
a National Entrance Test which has now, since Faculty Improvement Programmes facilitated
2008, graduated to a National Level Common by the British Council, Chennai. A number of
Admission Test known as the Common Law SURIHVVRUV DQG MXGJHV IURP WKH 86$ &DQDGD
Entrance Test (CLAT) and it operates to select U.K., Australia, Singapore, HongKong, China,
candidates for all the National Law Schools in South Africa, Malaysia and New Zealand have
the country. Other law-teaching institutions are visited and interacted with, and even taught, at
SHUPLWWHG WR MRLQ LQ WKLV PHWKRG RI VHOHFWLRQ the Law School.
of their candidates for admission to their law The Law School offers through its Distance
courses. Education Department a Master’s Degree
Twenty-four batches have completed their programme in Business Laws and Post-Graduate
studies here. Many students have pursued Diploma programmes in Human Rights Law,
further studies in their chosen areas of Law Environmental Law, Medical Law and Ethics,
in other prestigious Universities like Oxford, Intellectual Property Law and Child Rights Law.
&DPEULGJH :DUZLFN +DUYDUG <DOH &ROXPELD 0DQ\ RIÀFHUV DQG ZRUNLQJ SURIHVVLRQDOV KDYH
0LFKLJDQ <RUN DQG RWKHU 8QLYHUVLWLHV DEURDG enrolled for these courses. Faculty members of the
on prestigious scholarships like Rhodes and Law School are also involved in the organisation
,1/$.6 0DQ\ KDYH MRLQHG SUDFWLFH RI WKH ODZ RI SURJUDPPHV IRU DQG WKH WHDFKLQJ RI RIÀFHUV
in India at various levels from trial courts to belonging to the administrative, postal and other
services.
the High Courts and the Supreme Court; some
have set up independent law practices alone or In addition to reaching out with legal education
FRQMRLQWO\ ZLWK RWKHU DOXPQL RI WKH /DZ 6FKRRO informally to members of the society through
PDQ\ KDYH MRLQHG FRUSRUDWH ODZ ÀUPV ERWK LQ these programmes, the Law School has had,
,QGLDDQGDEURDG VRPHKDYHMRLQHGZRUNZLWK from the very start, a Legal Services Clinic and
national and international NGOs; some with UN a Centre for Women and the Law reaching out
organisations, the World Bank and the IMF; some with legal aid and advice to women and others
KDYH MRLQHG WKH DFDGHPLF SURIHVVLRQ WHDFKLQJ from the disadvantaged sections of the society
in this University, the NALSAR, Hyderabad, and mediation and negotiation for settlement of
the NUJS, Kolkata, Cambridge, the LSE, East disputes. Faculty and students of the Law School
Anglia, the National University of Singapore, etc.; help in creating legal awareness mainly among
VRPH KDYH MRLQHG WKH -XGLFLDU\ DQG D IHZ KDYH women and girls through classes in colleges and
MRLQHG WKH &LYLO 6HUYLFHV 7KH /DZ 6FKRRO KDV schools in and around the city of Bengaluru.
XQGHUWDNHQPDQ\UHVHDUFKSURMHFWVIXQGHGE\WKH The Law School today has many research and
UGC, the Government of India, the Government extension centres and a number of Endowment
of Karnataka, the Department of Women and Chairs.
Child Development, the UN agencies, the World
The challenge for the Law School is to stay
Bank, HIVOS etc. These have served to strengthen
ahead especially in the context of globalisation.
research and teaching at the Law School.
The Law School has the social responsibility of
The National Law School has exchange continuing to be a Centre of Excellence in the
programmes with the National University of ÀHOGRIOHJDOHGXFDWLRQDSRVLWLRQZKLFKLWFDPH
6LQJDSRUH 2VJRRGH +DOO /DZ 6FKRRO <RUN WR RFFXS\ ZLWKLQ WKH ÀUVW WHQ \HDUV LWVHOI GXH
University, Canada and Buceuius Law School, mainly to the dedicated efforts of the Faculty and
students during those initial and formative years.
726 Germany. Students from the Law School have
spent a Semester in these Law Schools and Globalisation has thrown up new challenges, and
the professional legal education has to cater to the Finance Committee constituted by the Executive
growing demands for skilled legal professionals Council consists of the Treasurer of the school
who can effectively function in the emerging legal who is the Managing Trustee of the Bar Council
order. The present challenge is to measure up of India Trust, the Director, three members
to internationally acceptable levels of excellence. nominated by Executive Council from amongst its
By its Resolution dated 26th August, 2006 the members out of whom at least one would be from
General Council of the Law School has re-iterated the Bar Council of India and one from Government
that this Law School was established with a view of Karnataka. The Finance Committee has been
to cater to the requirements of the legal profession, empowered to examine and scrutinise the annual
ODZ WHDFKLQJ DQG UHVHDUFK DQG MXGLFLDU\ DQG LW budget of the school and make recommendations
is expected that the students who study in this RQÀQDQFLDOPDWWHUVWRWKH([HFXWLYH&RXQFLODQG
School will eventually become legal practitioners, to consider the proposals for new expenditure and
law teachers or engage in legal research or enter the periodical statement of accounts and review
WKHMXGLFLDU\LQGXHFRXUVH WKH ÀQDQFHV RI WKH VFKRRO 7KH WUHDVXUHU VKDOO
The Law School has made web-based legal preside over the meeting and in his absence, the
education and interaction a reality in the areas Director shall preside.
of distance education programmes and for that Situated about 10 Kms from Bengaluru City
purpose improved infrastructural facilities to railway station.The National Law School now has
answer the needs. It has facilitated the use of a campus spread over 23 acres in idyllic setting.
technological aids in classrooms and conference It is approachable easier from the Nagarbhavi
halls. The Law School is moving towards setting end of the Bangalore University’s Jnana Bharathi
up a Digital Library of its collections as part of campus. The Law School is a fully residential
the Open Access Initiative, and efforts are on to university with independent residential facilities
provide open and world-wide access to all law for men and women students, the Faculty and
related source documents. non teaching staff. With all its 500 odd students
The General Council has the power to review the from all over India, the Faculty and non teaching
broad policies and programmes of the University staff residing on the same campus it is like a
EDUCATION AND
and suggest measures for the improvement and miniature India. With such interaction comes
SPORTS
development of the School. It also considers and WKHJUHDWHUQHHGWRDGMXVWDQGVKDUHRSLQLRQVDQ
passes the resolutions on the annual report, outlook necessary for budding lawyers. Residing
ÀQDQFLDOHVWLPDWHVDQGWKHDXGLWUHSRUWVRQVXFK on campus would thus enable the students to
accounts. The General Council shall meet atleast widen their horizon and acquire important inter-
once in a year. The Chairman of the Bar Council personal skills.
of India shall preside over the meetings. However,
7KHÀUVWEXLOGLQJRQWKHFDPSXVFDPHXSLQ
so far, the Visitor has attended all the General
and today it has the Academic Block, three Halls
Council Meetings and whenever he attends he
of Residence each for men and women students,
presides over the meetings as per the Statute.
two Hostels for post-graduate women students,
The Executive Council is the chief executive body three blocks of Faculty Quarters and two blocks
of the University in which all the administrative of residences as quarters for non teaching staff.
control and management of the NLSIU is vested. An International Training Centre, with residential
It has been empowered to control and administer facilities, equipped for organising training
the property and funds of the School. The Director programmes, seminars and video conferences is
shall be the Chairman of the Executive Council part of the campus.
DQGWKH5HJLVWUDUVKDOOEHH[RIÀFLR6HFUHWDU\
Indian Institute of Information Technology,
The Academic Council has the power of control Dharwad: The Indian Institute of Information
over and general regulation of and be responsible Technology, Dharwad is one of 20 IIITs proposed
for the maintenance of standards of instruction, XQGHUQRQSURÀW3XEOLF3ULYDWH3DUWQHUVKLS 333
education and examination at the school. It has model set up by the Ministry of Human Resource
been mandated to advise the Executive Council Development (MHRD), Government of India. It is
on all academic matters. The Director shall be the an academic and research Institute funded by the
Chairman of Academic Council. 727
Government of India, Government of Karnataka
and industrial partner Keonics. Recently, the after all the buildings are constructed at the end
Institute has been declared as an Institute of of four phases. Needless to say that the campus
National Importance under the Indian Institutes will feature Wi-Fi, outdoor sports facilities, fully
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
of Information Technology (Public-Private equipped academic and research laboratories
Partnership) Act of Parliament (23 of 2017). and modern IT-enabled classrooms. R&D: The
The Institute commenced its academic session hallmark of a good institute is its strength in
from August 2015. The Institute offers B.Tech. research. Aptly IIIT Dharwad is being nurtured as
programmes in Computer Science & Engineering a research institute to have close collaborations
and Electronics & Communication Engineering. with IT industry and other R&D institutes. The
The Institute is operating in a transit campus permanent campus of IIIT Dharwad is coming
located at IT Park, Hubballi. A new campus for up in a 60-acre plot between the two cities of
the IIIT Dharwad is proposed to be built in 61.06 Hubballi and Dharwad. It is close to both cities
acres of land at Tadasinakoppa near Dharwad. and also the Hubballi Airport (UBX) yet away from
DOOWKHWUDIÀFQRLVHDQGSROOXWLRQ7KHORFDWLRQLV
Objectives: To emerge amongst the foremost
indeed pristine, right where the hills start on the
institutions in Information Technology and
way to Western Ghats. It is also the catchment
DOOLHG ÀHOGV RI NQRZOHGJH LQ WKH JOREDO FRQWH[W
DUHD RI ULYHU 6KDOPDOD WKDW ÁRZV GRZQ WR MRLQ
To advance new knowledge and innovation in
Arabian Sea near Karwar. The transit campus is
,QIRUPDWLRQ7HFKQRORJ\DQGDOOLHGÀHOGVWRHPSRZHU
located at IT Park in Hubballi near the famous
the nation to the forefront in the global context.;
Rani Chennamma circle.
To develop competent and capable youth imbued
with the spirit of innovation and entrepreneurship Dharwad is a well-known center for higher
with the social and environmental orientation learning including music and arts. Hubballi-
to meet the knowledge needs of the country 'KDUZDGDUHKDYLQJDVLJQLÀFDQWFRQFHQWUDWLRQRI
and provide global leadership in information Higher Educational institutions and universities
WHFKQRORJ\ DQG DOOLHG ÀHOGV 7R SURPRWH DQG of repute including Indian Institute of Technology-
provide transparency of highest order in matters Dharwad (IIT-Dharwad), Karnataka University,
of admission, appointment to various positions, University of Agricultural Sciences Dharwad
DFDGHPLFHYDOXDWLRQDGPLQLVWUDWLRQDQGÀQDQFH (UAS-Dharwad), Karnataka State Law University,
Faculty: Faculty at IIIT Dharwad are highly KLE Technological University, Karnataka Institute
TXDOLÀHGZLWK3K'VDQG3RVWGRFVIURPLQVWLWXWHV of Medical Sciences and Hospital (KIMS-Hubballi),
of repute in India and abroad and have the SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital
right blend of teaching, research, and industrial and SDM College of Engineering and Technology.
experience. The Director has ample experience in Hubballi-Dharwad are twin cities, now being
both academia and industry in India as well as developed as smart cities in the state of Karnataka
USA. With energy and intent, they are working to and together form the 2nd largest urban city next
set high standards in both teaching/learning and to Bengaluru. The cities are located 410 kms from
R&D. Bengaluru city with excellent connectivity by air,
rail and road to Bengaluru, thereby enabling
Innovation: IIIT Dharwad aims to innovate in IIIT Dharwad to reap rich dividends from the
all its aspects: teaching, curriculum, campus strengths of Bengaluru as the nation’s IT hub.
design and R&D. The idea is to ensure that there 7KHUH DUH VHYHUDO VLJQLÀFDQW KLVWRULFDO SODFHV
is nothing boring or ordinary about IIIT Dharwad. located nearby viz., Badami, Aihole, Pattadkal,
Teaching-Learning: Being a technical institute +DPSL.XGDODVDQJDPDDQG9LMD\DSXUD$OVRWKH
of national importance, a special emphasis is cities are very close to Western Ghats, declared
given to practice-based teaching and learning as UNESCO World Heritage Site and are one of
process. Curriculum Design: The curriculum at the eight “hottest hot-spots” of rich biological
IIIT Dharwad is evolving and dynamic to ensure GLYHUVLW\ÁRUDDQGIDXQDLQWKHZRUOG'KDUZDG
that the courses taught are current and relevant. FLW\LVNPVDZD\IURP3DQMLPFLW\*RDZKLFK
Campus Design: The Master Plan for IIIT Dharwad is a popular tourist destination.
ensures that the Institute will have a unique,
Architect’s Plan for IIIT Dharwad Upcoming
728 modern, green and smart IT campus. About 70 Campus: The permanent campus of IIIT Dharwad
per cent of the area will be left for greenery even
is coming up in a 60 acre plot between the two 30 km away from Hubbali, the second largest
cities of Hubballi and Dharwad. It is close to city in Karnataka. WALMI has been generous in
both cities and the Hubballi Airport (UBX) yet providing the necessary infrastructure for the
DZD\IURPDOOWKHWUDIÀFQRLVHDQGSROOXWLRQ7KH students’ hostels, class rooms, laboratories etc.
location is indeed pristine, right where the hills
Permanent Campus: The Karnataka Government
start on the way to Western Ghats. It is also the
has provided about 470 acres of land for the
FDWFKPHQWDUHDRIULYHU6KDOPDODWKDWÁRZVGRZQ
establishment of the permanent campus of IIT
WRMRLQ$UDELDQ6HDQHDU.DUZDU
Dharwad, which is about 2-3 km away from the
The Master Plan for IIIT Dharwad ensures transit campus within the WALMI campus. IIT
that the Institute will have a unique, modern, Dharwad has been working at an accelerated
green and smart IT campus. About 70 per cent pace on campus development and establishment
of the area will be left for greenery even after all of infrastructure at the permanent campus site.
the buildings are constructed at the end of four
Academics: IIT Dharwad is committed to provide
phases. Architect’s sketches of the Main Block
DUHFHSWLYHDQGÁH[LEOHOHDUQLQJHQYLURQPHQW7KH
and Academic Block along with a simulated 3D
curriculum of IIT Dharwad is modelled on the
view of the hostels, faculty and staff residences
and the entire campus are shown here. A natural curriculum of IIT Bombay. First year workshop is
water body is also planned to be developed at taught by a team of faculty from CSE, ME, and EE
the North West corner of the campus, which is so that the students are ready to build mechatronic
also the lowest point in the plot. The campus V\VWHPV 0DQ\ FRXUVHV KDYH FRXUVH SURMHFWV
is expected to be ready and fully functional by where the students are tasked with building a
2020. It will have several modern features such as prototype based on the concepts learned in the
broadband Wi-Fi both indoors and outdoors, IoT- class. Tinkerer’s Lab and entrepreneurship cell
based smart management of energy and water, an are in the pipeline. The library is well equipped
Open Air Theatre with a view of the water body with nearly 2000 books and provide access to
and surrounding greenery, etc. PRUH WKDQ UHVHDUFK MRXUQDOV 7KH UHTXLUHG
infrastructure for academic activities such
EDUCATION AND
Indian Institute of Technology Dharwad as large and small class rooms, Physics and
(IIT Dharwad) : Indian Institute of Technology Chemistry Labs, Workshop and Computer Lab
SPORTS
Dharwad (IIT Dharwad) is an autonomous has been established. Instructional and research
premier Science and Technology Institute facilities are being established with state-of-the-
established by the Ministry of Human Resource art equipment. Above all, highly experienced and
Development, Government of India in 2016 renowned professors add substantial value to the
under the mentorship of IIT Bombay. Academic academics at IIT Dharwad.
activities at IIT Dharwad commenced in July 2016
with B.Tech course being offered in three core Location: IIT Dharwad is on the outskirts of
branches, namely, Computer Science, Electrical Dharwad, which is part of the twin cities of
Engineering and Mechanical Engineering. The Hubballi-Dharwad in the north of Karnataka.
current intake at the institute stands at 40 With pleasant climate year round, Dharwad is
students in each of the specializations. PhD famous for its academic institutions. Dharwad
program commenced from January 2018 session. is a picturesque locale positioned between the
Soon Masters programs will also be offered. Western Ghats (Malenadu) and the Deccan Planes
(Bayalu Seeme). Dharwad derives its name from
Existing Campus: The current campus of IIT the Sanskrit word “DWARAWATA.” The twin cities
Dharwad has been established within the WALMI are well known for their culture, literature and
(Water and Land Management Institute) campus the Indian freedom movement. The historic Fort
DFUHV ZKLFKLVDGMDFHQWWR'KDUZDGEHQFK of Kittur, where Rani Chennamma fought the
of High Court,Belur on the National Highway %ULWLVKLQLVMXVWNPDZD\IURPWKH,,7
(NH-4) that connects Mumbai-Bengaluru. With Dharwad campus.
the availability of regular transport service, the
campus is easy to reach from any point in Dharwad All the students are provided with on-campus
DQG DOO WKH PDMRU IDFLOLWLHV DUH ZLWKLQ D NP hostel accommodation. A well-equipped dining
radius from the campus. IIT Dharwad is less than hall is functioning, and the second student mess 729
will be ready soon at the upcoming gymkhana. The Library also houses, a dedicated
Students are drawn from nearly 20 states across photocopying facility. Plans for installing a good
the country thus providing a holistic environment Library Management software is underway, as
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
for their growth. IIT Dharwad has a 10 per cent also the implementation of modern technologies
girl student population. Sports facilities are being such as RFID etc. IIT Dharwad offers National
setup on campus (volleyball, football, cricket Sports Organization (NSO) Course for First
etc.). In addition, students are permitted to use year students in Athletics, Basketball, Cricket,
neighbouring University of Agricultural Sciences Football, Hockey, Table Tennis, Tennis, Volleyball
grounds. Astronomy Club, Electronics Club, DQG <RJD7KH 162 SURJUDP LV DQ DXGLW FRXUVH
Music Club etc. are active. More facilities and which is an academic requirement need to be
activity centers will be ready shortly. Limited SDVVHGE\DOOWKHÀUVW\HDUVWXGHQWV
medical facilities have been arranged.
IIT Dharwad has descent sports infrastructure
Institute’s Library started its initial activities, in its transit campus. All the hostels have table
at least a month before the actual starting of the Tennis tables, Carom board and Chess boards.
Institute itself, in a small room, in the mentoring 7KH,QVWLWXWHKDVFRPPRQDWKOHWLFVÀHOGFULFNHW
Institute. At present, the Library occupies the ÀHOG IRRWEDOO ÀHOG KRFNH\ ÀHOG EDVNHWEDOO
SULPHVSDFHRQWKHÀUVWÁRRURIWKHDGPLQLVWUDWLYH court, tennis court, two volleyball courts and
complex of the temporary campus. Octagonal a weightlifting room. IIT Dharwad also has well
shape, abundant natural light, and cool breeze equipped Gym with a Gym Trainer. IIT Dharwad
make the readers comfortable in the library. It Sports contingent has been participating in the
LV HTXLSSHG ZLWK TXDOLW\ IXUQLWXUH DQG ÀWWLQJV Inter IIT Sports Meet since 2016, having secured
which are added advantages. It is also climate LWVÀUVWPHGDOLQ3DUDSRZHUOLIWLQJLQ7KLV
controlled. Apart from the main area, it has two year too, IIT Dharwad with a strong contingent
rooms on either side of the entrance. One room of 87 players will be participating in the ensuing
consists of research carrels for serious study. Inter IIT Sports Meet which will be held at IIT
Another room houses the books, apart from some Kharagpur and IIT Bhubaneswar in the month of
space for reading. In all about 100 readers can December 2019. IIT Dharwad Sports is supported
occupy the reading area. The collection consists E\ D 6HQLRU 6SRUWV 2IÀFHU ZLWK WZR 3K\VLFDO
of nearly 3000 books in various disciplines. These Education Instructors along with seven part-time
DUH DUUDQJHG VXEMHFW ZLVH ,W KDV DOVR DFTXLUHG Coaches.
a few ISO standards (International Standards
Organization) in digital form. At present, the main IIT Dharwad is located at the outskirts of the
motto is to build up the Library collection such twin cities of Hubballi-Dharwad in the north
that it has information resources up to Ph.D. level, of Karnataka. This site is located between the
including advanced texts and reference materials. Western Ghats and the Deccan Planes. Dharwad
is located at an elevation of about 750 m (~2500
IIT Dharwad is a Life Member of prestigious ft). The average annual rainfall (predominantly
“Current Science Association” of “Indian during June-Sep) is about 700 mm. March-May
Academy of Sciences” and receiving “Current is the summer season with peak temperatures
6FLHQFHµ MRXUQDO ,W DOVR UHFHLYHV VRPH QDWLRQDO approaching 40°C. Winter lows are about 15°C.
newspapers and light reading magazines. Very 7KHDGMDFHQWDUHDRIWKHVLWHLVULFKLQDJULFXOWXUDO
soon, some popular S & T magazines will be at practices. The western corner of the site is partially
readers’ disposal, which will make young minds merged with the Reserve forest. The portion on the
DZDUHRIUHFHQWKDSSHQLQJVLQWKHVFLHQWLÀFZRUOG southern side is rich in hydrological pattern.
%HLQJ D SDUW RI ,QÁLEQHW H6KRGK6LQGKX WKH
Indian Institute of Astro Physics
serious readers can access nearly 4000 reputed
Beginnings of Madras Observatory : The East
Academic (Cambridge, Oxford University etc.)
India Company having resolved to establish
DQG6RFLHW\ $06$,3$36$&0HWF MRXUQDOV
an observatory at Madras for promoting
products literature retrospectively. This collection
the knowledge of Astronomy, Geography and
is the bread-n-butter for the Institute’s research
Navigation in India, Sir Charles Oakeley, then
scholars and faculty members to quench their
730 President of the Council had the building for
thirst for state-of-the-art knowledge.
the observatory completed by 1792. The Madras series of observations of the satellites of Jupiter
series of observations had commenced in 1787 and Saturn were commenced. From 1861 until
(1786)* through the efforts of a member of the his death in 1891, N. R. Pogson as Government
Madras Government - William Petrie - who had astronomer, in keeping with progress in the
in his possession two three-inch achromatic science, entered into newer areas of observations.
telescopes, two astronomical clocks with While the transit instrument and the meridian
compound pendulums and an excellent transit circle were both usefully utilized for a star catalogue
instrument. This equipment formed the nucleus of 3000 stars that included standard stars, large
of instrumentation of the new observatory, which proper motion stars, variable stars and the like, it
soon embarked on a series of observations of the is with the new 8 - inch Cooke equatorial that he
stars, the moon, and eclipses of Jupiter’s satellites, made discoveries of asteroids and variable stars.
with the accurate determination of longitude, The asteroids Asia, Sappho, Sylvia, Camilla, Vera
DV LWV ÀUVW FRQFHUQ 7KH SLHU WKDW FDUULHG WKH DQG WKH 9DULDEOH VWDUV < 9LUJLQLV 8 6FRUSLL 7
original small transit instrument on a massive Sagittari, Z Virginis, X Capricorni and R.Reticuli
granite pillar has on it an inscription in Latin, ZHUHDOOÀUVWGLVFRYHUHGYLVXDOO\DW0DGUDVHLWKHU
Tamil, Telugu and Hindustani, so that “ Posterity with the transit instrument or by the equatorial
may be informed a thousand years hence of the instruments. The discovery in 1867 of the light
SHULRGZKHQWKHPDWKHPDWLFDOVFLHQFHVZHUHÀUVW variation of R.Reticuli by C. Raghunathachary is
planted by British Liberality in Asia”. In any case SHUKDSV WKH ÀUVW DVWURQRPLFDO GLVFRYHU\ E\ DQ
WKLVTXRWDWLRQIURPWKHÀUVWDQQXDOUHSRUWRIWKH Indian in recent history. Pogson also undertook
observatory is atleast a record of the fact that the preparation of a catalogue and atlas of variable
astronomical activity at the Madras Observatory stars, complete with magnitude estimates made
ZDV LQGHHG WKH ÀUVW DPRQJ %ULWLVK HIIRUWV DW by him both of the comparison and the variable.
VFLHQWLÀFVWXGLHVLQ,QGLD These were edited by Turner after Pogson’s death.
Survey Work: The longitude of the Madras Solar Eclipses: During this period the Madras
Observatory has a most important role as observatory participated in observations of the
fundamental meridian from which observations important total solar eclipses that were visible
EDUCATION AND
for longitude in the Indian survey are reckoned. from India during the nineteenth century. These
SPORTS
7KHDFFXUDF\ZLWKZKLFKDPDSRI,QGLDÀWVLQWRD were the eclipses that established the foundations
map of the world depends solely on the accuracy of astrophysics and especially of solar physics and
of the longitude determination of the transit in these observations the Madras observatory’s
instrument pier at the Madras Observatory. The FRQWULEXWLRQVZHUHPRVWVLJQLÀFDQW7KHÀUVWRQH
work of the Great Tringonometrical Survey of India RI $XJXVW FUHDWHG WKH VXEMHFW RI VRODU
commenced at Madras on April 10, 1802 when physics, for at this eclipse the spectroscope was
a baseline measurement, related to the Madras XVHG IRU WKH ÀUVW WLPH WR GLVFRYHU WKH JDVHRXV
longitude, was made. nature of the prominences. The hydrogen emission
lines seen in the prominence were so strong that
Astronomical Observations: For over a century, the French astronomer Jansen reasoned they
the Madras Observatory continued to be the could be seen without the eclipse. The next day
only astronomical observatory in India engaged at the eclipse site the speculation was proved to
in systematic measures of star position and be correct, making it possible for daily surveys
brightness. Goldingham, Taylor, Jacob and of prominences thereafter, without the need of a
Pogson were the Government astronomers total eclipse.
who dominated activity at Madras. With a new
ÀYH IHHW WUDQVLW 7D\ORU FRPSOHWHG LQ KLV There were several eclipse teams scattered
catalogue of places of over 11,000 stars. Double over the path of totality for this vital eclipse.
star catalogues, measures of their separation and The Madras Observatory had two teams, one at
the determination of their orbits were Jacob’s Wanarpati and the other Masulipatam. Clouds
at Wanarpati interfered with the success of the
principal interest. The observatory received a
expedition. At Masulipatam, Pogson detected the
new meridian circle during his tenure and with
hydrogen lines in emission, as had all the teams
it, besides observations for the determination of
that had a programme of observation with the 731
star position and evaluation of proper motions, a
spectroscope. They also saw a bright yellow line The idea of making solar observations under
near the position of the D lines of sodium. The tropical skies soon gained ground and the search
line originated from a hitherto unknown element for a suitable site extended over the entire India
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
later termed helium, after the source of its earliest subcontinent. In the north, Leh, Mussoorie and
detection. Dehra Dun were examined for their suitability.
,Q WKH VRXWKHUQ SDUW WKH VWXG\ ZDV FRQÀQHG
On June 6, 1872 an annular eclipse was visible
to Kodaikanal, Kotagiri and Madras. In his
at madras. Pogson examining the region close to
recommendation to the Government of India,
the moon’s limb found the bright chromospheric
the Meteorological Reporter, on the basis of his
6SHFWUXP ÁDVK RXW IRU D VKRUW GXUDWLRQ RQ WKH
two-year survey pointed out that the skies were
formation and again at the breaking up of the
seldom free of dust as to permit observations
DQQXOXV7KLVLVWKHÀUVWREVHUYDWLRQRQUHFRUGRI
that called for high transparency. And so
YLHZLQJWKHÁDVKVSHFWUXPDWDQDQQXODUHFOLSVH
the new observatory had to be located in the
Solar Observatory at Kodaikanal: An Indian southern hills, with Kodaikanal becoming the
Observatories Committee in England advised the obvious choice, on the basis of performance. At
Secretary of State on matters pertaining to the the Indian Observatories Committee meeting of
administration of the Madras Observatory. In July 20, 1893 with Lord Kelvin in the Chair, the
many respects, with no adequate staff to help him, decision was taken to establish a Solar physics
Pogson had taken on more programmes of work Observatory at Kodaikanal with Michie Smith as
than he could bring to a successful termination. its Superintendent, the decision on the permanent
There were questions raised in London in 1867 site of the Astronomical observatory being deferred
whether the Madras Observatory need be to a later date. The observatory was to be under
continued at all, since the British had started some the control of the Government of India instead of
other observatories in their possessions in the under the Government of Madras, as it had been
Southern Hemisphere. It was even recommended for century earlier.
that the Madras Observatory should concentrate
7KH ODVW ÀYH \HDUV RI WKH QLQHWHHQWK FHQWXU\
more on publication of the observations already
witnessed a rapid transformation of work from
made, than make new ones. The work of Pogson
WKH 0DGUDV 2EVHUYDWRU\ WR .RGDLNDQDO 7KH ÀUVW
was commended on, and questions on the closure
observations were commenced at Kodaikanal
of the Madras observatory relegated to the time
in 1901, and these conformed to patterns in
when Pogson would retire.
the “new astronomy” that were planned for
Meanwhile in May 1882, Pogson had proposed the observatory. While the two observatories
the need for a twenty inch telescope, which could functioned together under the control of a Director
be located at a hill station in South India, engaged at Kodaikanal, the astronomical observations at
in photography and spectrography of the sun and 0DGUDV ZHUH FRQÀQHG RQO\ WR WKH PHDVXUHPHQW
the stars. The proposal received active support of time. The new observatory had a wide array of
both in India and Britain and necessary authority spectroscopic equipment specially acquired for
given for the search of a suitable location in solar studies. There were instruments to visually
the southern highlands or India. Michie Smith examine the prominences around the solar limb
undertook the survey of Palni and Nilgiri hills in and the spectra of sunspots. Photographic studies
1883 and 1885, his observations covering both included daily white light photography of the solar
the requirements of transparency and steadiness disc and monochromatic chromospheric pictures
of image during both day and night. But in 1884, with the spectroheliograms in the light of ionized
the Astronomer Royal recommended that Pogson calcium and of hydrogen. This uninterrupted
having accumulated large arrears in observations, series of photographs, continue upto the present
saddling him with additional work connected day, and form one of the most unique collections
with the new large equatorial would not be of a record of solar activity available anywhere
desirable-” On Pogson’s retirement, the question in the world. Only two other institutions, the
of establishing a branch observatory or removing observatory at Meudon in Paris and the Mount
the Madras Observatory to a more favourable Wilson observatory have a collection that spans
732
station might be considered. an equivalent time interval.
Evershed and Solar Physics: Perhaps the most associated with kinematical and magnetic
important result of these early years was the FKDUDFWHULVWLFV ,Q D QHZ ÀHOG REVHUYDWRU\
discovery by Evershed at Kodaikanal in 1909, of was started at Kavalur for stellar spectroscopy
radial motion in sunspots. In the next few years and photometry. The site, chosen after extensive
numerous studies of this phenomenon now WHVWVIRU´VHHLQJµWKDWFRYHUHGÀIWHHQPRQWKVQRZ
known as the Evershed effect, were made both has as its principal facility the recently acquired
DW .RGDLNDQDO DQG DW D WHPSRUDU\ ÀHOG VWDWLRQ FP UHÁHFWRU PDGH E\ &DUO =HLVV -HQD DQG D
in Kashmir. These early studies have been so 38cm photometric light collector. Most of the
comprehensive that little has been added to our observations for research on galaxies, stars and
information on it in the subsequent half century. the solar system are now obtained from Kavalur.
In 1922 Evershed also discovered under conditions Expansion of activities and interests have led to
of good seeing, innumerable small displacements the formation of the new optics, Electronics and
of lines equivalent of velocities of the order of data analysis centre at Bengaluru and the setting
up at Gauri Bidanur of a large low frequency array
IHZWHQWKVRIDNLORPHWHUSHUVHFRQG1HDUO\ÀIW\
for studies of galactic and extragalactic structure.
years later, with better spectrographic and image
resolution, extension of this early discovery have In 1971, the former Astrophysical Observatory
added much information on wave phenomena in was converted to an autonomous research
the solar photosphere and chromosphere. ,QVWLWXWH ZKROO\ ÀQDQFHG E\ WKH *RYHUQPHQW RI
India, and to be known hence forth as the Indian
For the thirty-eight years between 1922 and
Institute of Astrophysics.
1960, the directors were Royds, Narayan and Das.
The activity in solar physics was maintained at Indian Institute of Horticultural Research,
the pace it has been and work progressed in the Hesaraghatta, Bengaluru
traditions of the early years. The Institute spread its sphere of Research
activities to the length and breadth of the Nation
Highlights of this era are the discovery of the by establishing its experimental stations at
oxygen lines in emission in the chromosphere Lucknow, Nagpur, Ranchi, Godhra, Chettalli
without the aid of an eclipse, the centre-limb and Gonikopal. Over the years these experiment
EDUCATION AND
variations of the hydrogen lines and their use to stations have grown in size and today they stand
SPORTS
study the solar atmosphere and the detailed study as independent institutes, however, retaining
of the properties of the dark markings seen in H– the Chettalli and Gonikoppal under its fold. As
alpha. of now, the IIHR has its main research station at
Hesaraghatta, Bengaluru with 263 ha of land and
Stellar Physics at Kodaikanal: For studies of the
Regional experiment stations at Bhuvaneshwar in
physical properties of stars the observatory had
Orissa and Chettalli in Karnataka with two Krishi
limited instrumental resources. Nevertheless,
Vigyan Kendras both located in Karnataka state
some interesting results on comets and stellar
at Gonikoppal in Kodagu and Hirehalli in Tumkur
spectra were obtained that substantiate the
GLVWULFWV$SDUWIURPWKLVWKH3URMHFW&RRUGLQDWLQJ
concept that at any such institution the men who
&HOORIWKH$OO,QGLD&RRUGLQDWHG5HVHDUFK3URMHFW
use the instruments are more important than
on Tropical Fruits is also located at the institute
the instruments. Soon after his arrival in 1907, at Bengaluru.
Evershed discovered the ultraviolet tail bands
in Comet Daniel that are now described to CO+. The physical growth of the Institute could be
Evershed made numerous studies of the planet YLHZHGLQWZRSKDVHV7KHÀUVWSKDVHLVIURP
Venus and of Nova Aquilae 1918. And his high to 1990, wherein emphases were laid on land
dispersion spectra of Sirius have had the highest development and buildings. During this phase
dispersion values employed in stellar spectroscopy the area for carrying out research and the area
until recently. for laboratory buildings, supporting buildings and
RWKHU HVVHQWLDO RIÀFH EXLOGLQJV ZDV HDUPDUNHG
New resources for high spatial and spectroscopic Accordingly, the entire arable land was divided
resolution in solar research were commissioned LQWR ZHOO GHÀQHG QLQH EORFNV IRU FDUU\LQJ RXW
during the last decade. These have enabled research and independent buildings for various
detailed study of small elements on the solar divisions and departments with laboratories were 733
surface; the physical and temporal behaviour built.
The second phase of the physical growth was by developing high yielding varieties in fruits,
after 1990 during which emphases was laid on vegetables, ornamentals and medicinal and
creating ultra modern world class, infrastructure aromatic plants and also develop advanced
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
facilities in terms of equipments and structures. production technologies to increase the
&XUUHQWO\ WKH LQVWLWXWH KDV ZHOO GHÀQHG productivity of horticultural crops. With changing
divisions and four sections namely, The Division times and emergence of new challenges in the
of Fruit Crops, Division of Vegetable Crops, ÀHOGV RI SURGXFWLYLWLHV FURS SURGXFWLRQ FURS
Division of Ornamental Crops, Division of Post protection and crop utilization, emphasis was laid
Harvest Technology, Division of Plant Pathology, on breeding varieties for biotic and a biotic stresses
Division of Entomology and Nematology, Division breeding F1 hybrids, developing integrated pest
of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, and disease management technologies, developing
Division of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, integrated water and nutrient management
Division of Plant Genetic Resources, Division of protocols towards optimum utilization of resources
Biotechnology and Division of Extension and developing Post Harvest Management practices to
Training and Sections of Medicinal and Aromatic reduce the post harvest losses and further value
Plants, Seed Science and Technology, Economics additions and frontier research areas like hi-
and Statistics and Agricultural Engineering with tech horticulture, precision farming, information
more than 65 purpose oriented laboratories having technology, biotechnological interventions to
state of art equipments like electron microscope, increase yields, protect crops from insect-pests,
ultra centrifuge, HPLC, GLC, LC counter etc.,and disease and viruses, and extension of shelf life of
infrastructures like a series of poly houses and net crop produces. Encompassing various goals and
houses, growth chambers, mist chambers, cold REMHFWLYHV RI DFKLHYLQJ VXVWDLQDEOH GHYHORSPHQW
storage facilities, gene bank, local area network of horticulture, providing livelihood security,
with video conferencing facilities, Seed processing economic growth and nutritional security which
and nursery units etc. Apart from this the institute have been challenged time and again by various
houses an ultra modern library, a conference obvious factors, the IIHR, Bengaluru has been
hall, auditorium, training hostel, Bank, Hospital, carrying out research in fruits, vegetables,
essential quarters and few other facilities. ornamentals, medicinal and aromatic plants and
The Institute has also got an Agriculture mushrooms with the following mandate:
Technology Information Centre (ATIC), which The mandate: To undertake Basic and Applied
is a single window agency for dissemination of Research for Developing Strategies, To enhance
information and technologies developed by the Productivity and Utilization of Tropical and
Institute. All the technological products and Sub-Tropical Horticulture Crops Viz., Fruits,
popular publications developed by the Institute Vegetables, Ornamentals, Medicinal And Aromatic
are sold to the farmers and interested public Plants and Mushrooms. To serve as a Repository
through the agricultural technology information
RI6FLHQWLÀF,QIRUPDWLRQUHOHYDQWWR+RUWLFXOWXUH
centre.
To Act as a Centre for Training for Up Gradation of
The main strength of the institute is excellent 6FLHQWLÀF 0DQSRZHU LQ 0RGHUQ 7HFKQRORJLHV IRU
well trained human resources. Presently the Horticulture Production and to Collaborate with
Institute has a total strength of 619 staff with 150 National and International Agencies in achieving
Scientists, 218 technical staff, 92 Administrative WKHDERYHREMHFWLYHV
staff and 159 supporting staff. The Institute is
Twice, i.e. during the year 1999 and 2011,
headed by the Director supported by various
the Indian Council of Agricultural Research,
Heads of Divisions. The Director is also supported
New Delhi awarded the Best Institute Award to
E\ WKH 6HQLRU $GPLQLVWUDWLYH 2IÀFHU ZKR LV WKH
IIHR , Bengaluru in reorganization of institutes
+HDGRIWKHRIÀFHDQGDOVRD6HQLRU)LQDQFHDQG
progress, achievements and its contribution
$FFRXQWV2IÀFHUWRPRQLWRU$XGLWDQG$FFRXQWV
WR WKH ÀHOG RI KRUWLFXOWXUH 7KH RWKHU IHDWKHUV
Dr M.R.Dinesh is the Director of the Institute.
in the cap of the institute are; the institute is
In the beginning years of the institute, the recognized as the post graduate research and
main research agenda of the institute was to training centre in horticulture by six universities
734
increase the yields of horticultural crop varieties as a part of PG Education, the main centre for
production and supply of breeders seeds of KDYH PDGH VLJQLÀFDQW LPSDFW LQ SURGXFWLRQ DQG
vegetable crop varieties established linkages with higher economic gains.
many international research organizations for
In the area of ornamental crops, the Institute
research and human resource development. The
has evolved improved varieties in gladiolus,
pollen Cryo-Bank of the institute features in the
chrysanthemum, bougainvillea, hibiscus,
Limca Book of Records 2001, recognized as the
tuberose, rose, China aster, carnation, gerbera
Team of Excellence in Bio-technology and Post
and crossandra. China aster varieties Poornima,
Harvest Management has a product development
Kamini, Vilet cushion and Shashank, tube rose
laboratory to upscale the technologies and also
FXOWLYDWRUV 6KULQJDU 6XYDVLQL 3UDMZDO DQG
for entrepreneurship development and the DBT-
Vibahv and crossandra variety Arka Ambara have
ICAR National facility for virus–diagnosis and
become very popular among the farmers.
quality control in tissue culture plants and also
WKH 3K\WRVDQLWDU\ FHUWLÀFDWLRQ DJHQF\ IRU VHHGV ,QWKHÀHOGRIPXVKURRPVDVSRUHOHVVPXWDQW
and planting materials. of oyster mushroom, milky mushroom, Jews
ear mushroom and a medicinal mushroom with
Research work carried out during the last four
export potentials have been developed. In the
GHFDGHV ZLWK WKH DERYH REMHFWLYHV KDV SDLG ULFK
ÀHOG RI SURGXFWLRQ WHFKQRORJLHV WKH ,QVWLWXWH
dividends in the terms of release of more than 170
has standardized the technology of high density
varieties and hybrids and development of good
planting of banana and pineapple which are
number of sustainable production, protection and
being practiced by allmost all fruit growers of
post harvest management technologies.
these crops*UDSHURRWVWRFN'RJULGJHLGHQWLÀHG
In fruit crops, the institute has released three and released by the Institute has revolutionized
varieties in papaya, 5 hybrids in mango, 3 varieties grape cultivation in dry land and problematic
in guava, 5 hybrids in grapes, one variety each soils. Integrated water and nutrient management
in pomegranate, annona, ber and passion fruit. schedules like drip irrigation, fertigation,
5HFHQWO\UHOHDVHGKLJK\LHOGLQJ3LQNÁHVKHG$UND application of fertilizer in the active root feeding
3UDEKDWSDSD\DK\EULG$UND.LUDQDUHGÁHVKHG zone, etc., for optimum utilization of resources
EDUCATION AND
hybrid guava and Arka Sahan, a hybrid of annona for various fruits, vegetables and ornamental
SPORTS
with large globules and less seeds hold better crops have been standardized. The Institute has
promise and are gaining more popularity. also standardized leaf and petiole diagnostics
for optimum recommendation of fertilizers for
So far the Institute has developed and released
respective crops. In the recent years, the institute
60 high yielding open pollinated varieties and 15
has standardized technology for foliar nutrition of
F1 hybrids in 24 vegetable crops resistant to pests
micro nutrients and has commercially released
and diseases for commercial cultivation, Arka
mango special, banana special, citrus special
Manik of Watermelon – triple resistant to pests
and vegetable special for higher and quality
and diseases, Arka Anamika in okra resistant
yields. These technologies have already been
WR <HOORZ 9HLQ 0RVDLF 9LUXV DQG $UND .RPDO RI
commercialized, making these technologies
French bean resistant to rust has spread to the
available to cross section of the farming
length and breadth of the nation. High yielding
community. The causative factors for occurrence
varieties of tomato Arka Vikas, Arka Kalyan and
RI6SRQJ\WLVVXHDPDMRUSUREOHPLQPDQJRKDV
$UND 1LNHWDQ LQ RQLRQ KDYH PDGH VLJQLÀFDQW
been found and accordingly recommendations
impacts. In the recent years, the Institute has
are made to overcome the problem. The Institute
released tomato hybrid Arka Ananya, with
has also come out with bio-fertilizers like PSB,
combined resistant to Tomato Leaf Curl Virus
azospirallium, VAM etc.
and Bacterial wilt, chilli hybrids Arka Meghana
tolerant to thrips and viruses, Arka Harita and ,QWKHÀHOGRISODQWSURWHFWLRQWKH,QVWLWXWHKDV
Arka Suphal of chilli tolerant to powdery mildew, standardized the technology of pest management
high yielding male sterility base chilli hybrid Arka using trap crops like African marigold for control
6ZHWKDEDFWHULDOZLOWEULQMDOK\EULG$UND$QDQG of tomato fruit borer, mustard for control of DBM
high yielding onion hybrids based on male sterility in Cole crops, botanicals and plant products like
735
Arka Lalima and Arka Kirthima are a few which neem soap andSRQJDPLDVRDSIRUFRQWURORIPDMRU
pests. Bio-control agents and micro organisms and Trichoderma cultures. Central Horticultural
OLNH 7ULFKRGHUPD 3VHXGRQRPRXV ÁXRURVFHQFH Experiment Station, Chettalli (District- Kodagu,
Paecilomyces lilacinus etc. for control of soil borne Karnataka) is a regional station of Indian Institute
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
diseases and nematodes have been standardized. of Horticultural Research (IIHR), Bengaluru
7KHPDQJRIUXLWÁ\ZKLFKKDVEHFRPHWKHPDMRU under Indian Council of Agricultural Research
limiting factor for export has been overcome by (ICAR), New Delhi. The Centre was started as
standardizing a pheromone trap which has been Orange Research Centre in 1947 by erstwhile
commercialized by the Institute. Simultaneously, while state government of Coorg. The Centre
integrated disease management protocols was transferred to IIHR on 1st February 1972.
and diagnostic kits for viruses have also been The station is located near Chettalli, 20 km from
developed. Madikeri on Chettalli–Suntikoppa road in the
Kodagu district of Karnataka. It is accessible by
,Q WKH ÀHOG RI SRVW KDUYHVW WHFKQRORJ\ WKH road from Suntikoppa(10 km) or Madikeri(20 km).
Institute has standardized technology to The nearest railway station is Mysuru (135 km).
extend the storage life at various temperatures, The Centre is situated at 1050 m above mean sea
standardized the protocol for MOP and shrink level. The mean temperature of the station range
wrapping technology. Value addition through between 320c and 190c. The annual rainfall is
product development has been a priority area, FPZLWKPDMRUSUHFLSLWDWLRQGXULQJMXO\DQG
in which the Institute has developed protocols august. The soil is deep, dark brown, well drained
for preparation of osmo-dehydrated products, sandy loam to sandy clay loam.
fruit based beverages like mango squash,
passion fruit squash, aonla squash, passion Mandate: To undertake Basic and Strategic
fruit banana blends, various culinary pastes and Research for enhancing Productivity, Quality and
purees, lactic acid fermentation of vegetables and Utility of Horticultural Crops of the Coorg region. To
protocols for minimally processed foods have been act as a Repository of Plant Genetic Resources and
standardized. In the frontier areas and precision 6FLHQWLÀF,QIRUPDWLRQLQUHODWLRQWR+RUWLFXOWXUDO
technology, the Institute has standardized Crops. To undertake Front Line Demonstration in
technology for production of tomato, colored New Technologies evolved and to Impart Training
capsicum, cucumbers and melons under protected IRU XSJUDGLQJ 6FLHQWLÀF .QRZOHGJH RI 7HFKQLFDO
conditions. The technology for production of Personnel involved in Horticultural enterprises.
nursery seedlings using pro trays has been Infrastructure: The station has 94 ha of farm
IXUWKHU UHÀQHG ,Q WKH ÀHOG RI ELRWHFKQRORJ\ DUHD WR FRQGXFW YDULRXV ÀHOG H[SHULPHQWV ZKLFK
macro propagation protocols for various crops GLYLGHG LQWR EORFNV IRU HIÀFLHQW PDQDJHPHQW
and nucleic acid probes for many viruses have Five research laboratories of entomology, plant
EHHQ GHYHORSHG '1$ ÀQJHU SULQWLQJ WHFKQLTXHV pathology, horticulture, soil science divisions
have also been developed for characterization and including mushroom cultivation unit, vermin
documentation of germplasm. composting unit and well maintained poly
Central Horticultural Experiment Station, hose structures, a full pledged library and an
Chettalli : This station situated in Kodagu district administrative wing are located in the main
of Karnataka was transferred to IIHR from the building within the experimental farm. A scientists
Govt. of Karnataka with effect from February 1, rest house, departmental canteen and residential
1972. Occupying an area of 92 ha., the mandate quarters are also available on the campus.
crop of the station has been Coorg mandarin with ICAR-Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK) is a knowledge
PDMRU HPSKDVLV RQ FLWUXV GLHEDFN 7KH VWDWLRQ and Resource Center of Indian Council of
also works on fruit crops like papaya, passion Agricultural Research (ICAR). This aids developing
fruit, minor fruits like, rambutan, pummelo, DQGGHVVLPLQDWLRQRIORFDWLRQVSHFLÀFWHFKQRORJLHV
avocado, mangosteen, karonda, Malayan apple, at district level.
*DUFLQLD HWF DQG RI ODWH KDV GLYHUVLÀHG LQWR
ÁRULFXOWXUDO FURSV OLNH URVH DVWHUV JODGLROXV Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK), Gonikoppal is the
orchids. The station has a strong nursery ÀUVW ,&$5 .9. LQ .DUQDWDND ZDV HVWDEOLVKHG
unit for production and supply of disease free on 16th December 1976 under Indian Institute
736 citrus planting material, other plant materials of Horticultural Research (IIHR), Bengaluru.
In Kodagu District, initially it was functioning on an extensive state-of-the-art campus in
at Chettalli, under Central Horticultural Bengaluru offering a variety of degree courses.
Experimental Station (CHES). Later during the The University has baccalaureate concentrations,
year 1992, the erstwhile Citrus Experimental postgraduate offerings, doctoral degree programs
Station, Gonikoppal activities were shifted to DQG VHYHUDO SURIHVVLRQDO FHUWLÀFDWH SURJUDPV
Chettalli and Krishi Vigyan Kendra started Alliance University aspires to be among the best
functioning at Gonikoppal. universities in the world by the year 2025 through
a series of strategically crafted moves, precisely
.9. *RQLNRSSDO LV ORFDWHG LQ 9LUDMSHW WDOXN
calibrated action plans and an unwavering
which is 50 km away from Madikeri and 92 km
commitment to the pursuit of excellence.
away from Mysuru. The centre is situated in Sub-
tropical humid zone with mean temperature of the While its oldest professional school-Alliance
station range between 320C and 190C. The annual School of Business-is consistently ranked among
UDLQIDOO LV PP ZLWK PDMRU SUHFLSLWDWLRQ the top ten private business schools in India by
during July and August. The soil is deep, dark various ranking agencies, the University having
brown, well drained sandy loam to sandy clay already established Alliance College of Engineering
loam. and Design; Alliance School of Law; and Alliance
Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK), Hirehalli, was Ascent College, is in the process of establishing
established by the Indian Council of Agricultural many other prominent academic units, viz.,
Research (ICAR), New Delhi on 24thMarch, 2009. It Alliance College of Arts and Humanities; Alliance
is located opposite to Hirehalli railway station, in College of Science; Alliance College of Medicine
the NH-4 main road, about 10 km from Tumakuru and Dentistry; Alliance College of Education
WRZDUGV %HQJDOXUX 7KH PDMRU DLP RI WKH .9. and Human Services; Alliance School of Health
is to cater to the needs of farmers of Tumakuru Sciences; and Alliance College of Media and
'LVWULFWFRYHULQJÀYHRXWRIWHQWDOXNVYL]6LUD Communications.
Koratagere, Pavagada, Madhugiri (Central Dry The ambience and serenity of a world-class
Zone IV) and Tumakuru (Eastern Dry Zone V). This infrastructure housed in a ‘green’ campus; faculty
EDUCATION AND
KVK is functioning under ICAR-Indian Institute of who have proven themselves in their respective
Horticultural Research (IIHR), Bengaluru.
SPORTS
ÀHOGVE\SURYLGLQJDQH[FHOOHQWEOHQGRIULJRUDQG
Instructional Farm: The KVK possesses relevance in their teaching; staff who are ever
about 50 acres of farm land that is fully under ready to reach out; robust industry interactions;
cultivation of crops relevant to this area. The main research aimed at solving problems of the real
purpose of the farm is to demonstrate the latest world; a plethora of international collaborative
agricultural practices. It also acts as a tool to do arrangements; outreach activities that touch the
applied research on agricultural technologies and lives of a wide cross section of society; and an
undertake trials before their transfer to farmers exemplary track record in career counseling and
ÀHOGV$IWHUFDUHIXOSODQQLQJDQGDQDO\VLVRIVRLO placement facilitation—all combine to provide a
W\SHV WKH IDUP ZDV GLYLGHG LQWR WKUHH PDMRU UDUH V\QHUJ\ WKDW WUDQVFHQGV DUWLÀFLDO EDUULHUV
blocks such as Horticulture, Seed Production and and enables students to follow their hearts with
Nursery unit. Thereafter, planting of mother plants SDVVLRQDQGFRQÀGHQFH
of horticulture crops such as mango, sapota, VISION: Alliance University’s vision is to be
JXDYDDPODFXVWDUGDSSOHSRPHJUDQDWHÀJVHWF a world-class University that nurtures talent
was undertaken. The plantation was completed and catalytically transforms the lives of millions
in the year 2009. In seed production block, crops through excellence in teaching, research, service
like french beans, onion, radish, cowpea, tomato and community development. To uphold a
and chilli are being grown. Now the entire farm is commitment to shaping lives through scholarly
operated on drip irrigation system for which the teaching and learning, and that which contributes
water storage tank of 1 Lakh litres capacity has to an equitable and holistic transformation of
been established. society at large.
Alliance University: Alliance University is a MISSION: The mission of the University is to create 737
renowned university of higher learning located and sustain a community of lifelong learners in an
environment that emphasizes literacy, critical WKLVFRPPLWPHQWWRDVSHFLÀFYDOXHRULHQWDWLRQLV
WKLQNLQJ DQG KXPDQLVWLF DQG VFLHQWLÀF LQTXLU\ not to be interpreted as a narrowly utilitarian view
The University shall provide a dynamic, of the University. Education’s impact on society
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
challenging and ethical environment for pursuing is through the changes in values and action that
high quality teaching, research, learning and thinking, autonomous individuals are capable of.
service across all areas of University, where Secondly, the University is part of the foundation
students, faculty and other key constituents can and integral to its vision. The synergy from the
interact, collaborate and partner with the global close working of the students and faculty with the
community for creation and dissemination of )RXQGDWLRQ·VÀHOGXQLWVZLOOLQIRUPDQGHQULFKWKH
knowledge and transform lives of people through SURJUDPPHVDWWKH8QLYHUVLW\DQGWKHÀHOGDOLNH
innovation and excellence in higher education. The members of the Foundation as a whole have
WKHFKDOOHQJLQJWDVNRIGHÀQLQJDQRUJDQL]DWLRQDO
The University shall : Pursue excellence in
culture and processes of interaction that realise
teaching, learning and scholarship. Prepare
the full potential of this linkage. It should be clear
students for leadership through enlightened
IURP WKH DERYH WKDW $]LP 3UHPML 8QLYHUVLW\ LV
learning partnerships with faculty mentors
unusual in the way it is conceived and organized.
and the community.Support faculty and other
The University professes liberal and ‘humanistic’
scholars in pursuing world-class research:
YDOXHV EXW DW WKH VDPH WLPH GHÀQH RXU LQWHQW
clinical, theoretical, empirical, experiential and
unambiguously in the context of India’s social
foster creative endeavour. Promote and preserve
and political development. The institute considers
academic freedom, diversity, equality, harmony
independence and excellence in research to
DQG MXVWLFH 'HYHORS PDVWHU\ RI GLVFLSOLQHV DQG
be critical, but do not see the possibility of
SURIHVVLRQV DQG LQVWLO FRQÀGHQFH DPRQJ LWV NH\
sharply separating knowledge from its purposes
constituents in their application for a future of
and consequences. University is not narrowly
meaningful pursuits and productive work in
utilitarian in its orientation, but at the same time
the service of humanity. Channelize faculty and
is deeply mindful of the consequences of its work.
student talent for professionally-related service
to the university, the community and society at VISION: Education for Social Change; To
large. FRQWULEXWH WR WKH UHDOLVDWLRQ RI D MXVW HTXLWDEOH
humane and sustainable society.
Azim Premji University: $]LP3UHPML8QLYHUVLW\
was established in Karnataka by the Azim 0,66,21 $]LP 3UHPML 8QLYHUVLW\ ZLOO FUHDWH
3UHPML 8QLYHUVLW\ $FW DV D QRWIRUSURÀW outstanding and effective programmes that -
University and is recognized by the University Prepare graduates with great competence, integrity
Grants Commission (UGC) under Section 2F. The and social commitment; Expand the frontiers of
beginnings of the University are in the learning knowledge in education, development and allied
and experience of a decade of work in elementary ÀHOGVWKURXJKUHVHDUFK 6XSSRUWDQGHQKDQFHWKH
HGXFDWLRQ E\ WKH $]LP 3UHPML )RXQGDWLRQ work of the education and development sectors
The University was founded as one of the key in the country through continuing education;
responses to the constraints and challenges that Contribute to change in policy and practice in
the Foundation encountered both within and in the Indian education and development sectors
the environment, and as part of a larger strategy through advocacy and public communication.
to contribute to the Education and Development
Educational Philosophy: $]LP 3UHPML
sectors in the country.
University’s educational programmes aim to
Two key principles guide the process of the prepare graduates with great competence,
University’s evolution. Firstly, the University has integrity and social commitment. These qualities
a clearly stated social purpose. As an institution, DUH WKH QHFHVVDU\ IRXQGDWLRQ IRU ÁRXULVKLQJ
LWH[LVWVWRPDNHVLJQLÀFDQWFRQWULEXWLRQVWKURXJK and a life of informed and ethical action. The
HGXFDWLRQWRZDUGVWKHEXLOGLQJRIDMXVWHTXLWDEOH above mission obviously requires us to respond
humane and sustainable society. This is an to the question, “What is good Education?”.
explicit commitment to the idea that education It is well established that Education is an
738 contributes to social change. At the same time,
important contributor to livelihood and economic
opportunity. However, it also has a larger and enriching. The University is a rigorous place
equally important role as a key constituent of which challenges its students to become the very
KXPDQGHYHORSPHQWDQGÁRXULVKLQJ best that they can be. We expect the education
at the University to be an important beginning
Understanding and action: Students will be
RUFRQWLQXDWLRQQRWWKHÀQDOVWDJHRIDSURFHVV
helped to achieve the capacity for understanding
of learning. The faculty, the vibrant peer group
and action appropriate to their potential. The and the whole teaching-learning process at the
learning programmes of the University will University help the student to explore, question and
therefore focus on building knowledge, critical develop the ability for critical thinking. To enable
UHÁHFWLRQ YDOXHV DQG VNLOO WKDW XQGHUSLQ these in practice: The curriculum and courses are
such capacity. It is in questioning established designed to elicit interest and curiosity. Faculty
understandings and developing new perspectives act as facilitators of learning and hence have
based on rigorous research and dialogue that VLJQLÀFDQW DXWRQRP\ LQ VWUXFWXULQJ WKH FRXUVHV
this intent is brought to fruition. The university teaching methods and learning experiences.
recogniscs that academic freedom and integrity The course content is presented in ways that
are indispensable for this. Faculty and students LQYLWH TXHVWLRQLQJ DQG UHÁHFWLRQ 7KH SHGDJRJLF
will be part of a community that actualizes this practices, inside and outside the classroom are
vision in the light of the University’s values and designed to ensure that students engage each
goals. other in dialogue and also address issues of
inclusion and diversity.; The opportunities for
A social purpose: The above emphasis is
ÀHOG SUDFWLFH DUH GHVLJQHG WR FRPSOHPHQW WKH
complemented by the University’s awareness of its
conceptual learning in the classroom as well as
social purpose. The University will strive to develop
KHOSVWXGHQWVJHWVLJQLÀFDQWH[SRVXUHWRWKHÀHOG
a deep understanding of the role of education in
realities.
creating awareness of moral and ethical issues in
debates on development and social policy. This The University is committed to investing time
DZDUHQHVV ZLOO EH UHÁHFWHG LQ WKH GHVLJQ RI WKH and resources to ensure overall well - being of
University’s curriculum and research priorities. our students. We do this in many ways: A high
EDUCATION AND
The University will explore and locate its learning faculty: student ratio coupled with extensive
SPORTS
and research programmes squarely in a deep and student support special programmes, course
nuanced understanding of India’s political and tutorials, writing centres, faculty mentoring etc.
cultural contexts and tremendous diversity. Students also get opportunities for research,
SXEOLVK LQ VWXGHQW MRXUQDOV SDUWLFLSDWH LQ D
The learning individual: The third and equally variety of University initiatives. There are many
central concern of the University’s educational opportunities for learning outside the classroom
philosophy is with the learning individual. Faculty and enriching one’s experience.
and students are part of this community of learners.
One of the central pre-occupations of Education Weekly Colloquiums: The weekly colloquium
is its own impact on attitudes, values and the lectures bring together scholars, practitioners and
capacity for self-understanding. This capacity is researchers from across the world and students
not a product only of intellectual learning. It is a have dedicated time allocated to attend these.
Students are thus provided a varied exposure
result also of the development of sensitivity and
and opportunity to learn from people outside the
emotional maturity that sparks a life-long process
University.
RILQTXLU\6HHQWKLVZD\HGXFDWLRQLVDMRXUQH\
of awakening that enhances and supports the Seminars/Conferences: The University also
individual’s ability to discover well-being and to hosts a series of regular international conferences
contribute to society. An environment that values and workshops in collaboration with other
learning in this manner has to be designed to institutes of repute. Notable among these are the
explore the nature of “learning for life” and actively international conferences on Law, Governance
promote caring relationships that reach beyond and Development, Philosophy of Education and
the academic curriculum. our annual research conference MANTHAN.
University Experience: /LIH DW $]LP 3UHPML Student Clubs: With the diversity of talents the
739
University is challenging, exciting and extremely students come with, it is only natural that its
vibrant activities on campus organized through and manages all the activities of the CMR Group
a variety of student clubs; Theatre, Photography, of Institutions.
Sports, Social initiatives, Poetry, Music and
Humble Beginnings: The CMR Jnanadhara
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
Cultural clubs. The challenges one faces and
Trust started the National Junior School (now
the opportunities one is offered at the University
CMR National Public School) in 1991. Initially, the
cover a broad spectrum of experience, enriching
school primarily catered to the local neighborhood
the individual across multiple dimensions. Many
FKLOGUHQ,QLWVÀUVW\HDUWKHVFKRROKDGRQO\VL[
of the University’s alumni have mentioned that
kindergarten students who studied in a modest
VWXG\LQJDW$]LP3UHPML8QLYHUVLW\KDVEHHQWKH
school building located in the CMR family orchard.
most transforming experience of their lives.
Over time, the CMR National Public School has
CMR University (CMRU): CMR University grown to become a highly reputed educational
(CMRU) is a private university in the state of institution, and today it is rated amongst the top
Karnataka, established and governed by the CMR CBSE schools in Bengaluru. It is situated on a
University Act-2013. CMR University aims 2 acre campus, and hosts 3500 students from
to promote and undertake the advancement Montessori/Kindergarten through Grade XII every
of university education in technical, health, year.
management, life sciences and other allied sectors
Over the years, the CMR Jnanadhara Trust has
of higher and professional education.
continued to support and manage the growth
The university believes that creativity is the key of educational institutions. The CMR Group of
competence required to excel in our complex world Institutions is a Bangalore-based educational
where independent thinkers, product leaders, conglomerate that comprises a number of
artists, designers and innovators are the need of institutes of higher education, Montessori/ K-12
the hour. The students learn creative concepts and schools, various centres of excellence in training,
design thinking regardless of their area of study. research and consultancy as well as a host of
Students are evaluated on the basis of real life academic departments. Over 20,000 students
skills such as teamwork, presentation, research including international students from more
and initiative. CMR University fosters creative than 60 countries study within CMR’s portals
communities where new ideas can be nurtured, RI OHDUQLQJ 1HDUO\ KLJKO\ TXDOLÀHG IDFXOW\
new discoveries made and new creations shared. and staff work at CMR. Academic programmes
are varied and cover areas of study including
Mission: To offer multi, inter and cross-
engineering, education, law, management, media
disciplinary modular programmes with
studies, bio-sciences, business administration,
technology-enabled teaching-learning processes.
psychology, paramedical and nursing at the
To focus on research-led teaching and learning
undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral levels.
in an innovative and interdisciplinary learning
environment; to create critical thinkers.To create The CMR Group of Institutions in association
leaders for knowledge based economy, with with National Public Schools promotes the Ekya
ethical demands of a society base.To engage Schools, a brand of boutique schools with several
talented intellectual capital with strong faculty campuses across the city. CMR has also partnered
diversity in knowledge and experience.To ensure with the National Education Trust to found the
transformation of learning into positive behavior NPS International School on a lush 6-acre campus
of students. in Singapore.More recently, CMR University has
been established as a Private University in
CMR Jnanadhara Trust: The CMR Jnanadhara
Karnataka.
Trust was established in 1990, as a tribute to
the late Sri Chikka Muniyappa Reddy guided by PES University, Bengaluru: PES University,
the belief that every person can achieve his or located in Bengaluru, India is one of the country’s
her dreams if given a chance at a well-rounded leading teaching and research universities. The
education, the trust strives to deliver quality University is committed to providing “education
education through its institutions of learning. for the real world” that inspires students to
740 Backed by over 27 years of leadership in realize their potential. The students graduate
education, the CMR Jnanadhara Trust supports with the ability to adapt to an intellectually and
technologically changing environment. Over the educators. The students graduate with the ability
years, the institute have accomplished this with to adapt to an intellectually and technologically
the participative efforts of the management, staff, changing environment. The University faculty
students and parents. members develop and deliver the educational
Founder’s Vision: The University realizes that programs that meet the expectations of the best
its students represent the future of the society talent from across the country. In the words of
and it takes their responsibility seriously. The the University founder, Dr M R Doreswamy, “We
University ensures that the rock-solid foundation ensure that the rock-solid foundation we help
it helps them build here – both, in terms of skills them build here-both, in terms of skills and
and values – will stand them in good stead no values-will stand them in good stead no matter
matter which career they choose. Faculty: The which career they choose.” At PES University,
University faculty is the most precious resource they are committed to developing highly skilled
and one of the three pillars on which PES rests human resources with the participative efforts of
(the other two are students and infrastructure). the management, staff, students and parents.
The University faculty members develop and M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
deliver the educational programs that bring (MSRUAS), Bengaluru : M.S. Ramaiah University
H[FHOOHQW VWXGHQWV WR 3(6 LQ WKH ÀUVW SODFH of Applied Sciences (MSRUAS), created by an
Infrastructure:All the University campuses act in the State of Karnataka, India, came into
incorporate infrastructure that matches the best existence in December 2013. The University is
in the country – ensuring that students have sponsored by Gokula Education Foundation
everything they need for a stimulating campus (Medical) trust. The University was created by
life. The classrooms are planned to maximize light integrating the “M.S. Ramaiah College of Hotel
and space and students have access to the latest Management (1993), M.S. Ramaiah College of
computing and research facilities. Pharmacy (1992), M.S. Ramaiah Dental College
PES campuses are designed to support rigorous (1991) and the M.S. Ramaiah Advanced Learning
academic study and promote shared learning Centre (2012)”. The M. S. Ramaiah University of
among a diverse student community. Together, Applied Sciences will focus on student centric
EDUCATION AND
they comprise over 3.5 million square feet of professional education and motivates its staff
SPORTS
built up area and acres of open grounds. With DQG VWXGHQWV WR FRQWULEXWH VLJQLÀFDQWO\ WR WKH
a 750 bed hospital, the PES Institute of Medical growth of technology, science, economy and
Sciences and Research at Kuppam, has a built-up society through their imaginative, creative and
area of more than 1 million square feet, The PES innovative pursuits. Hence, the University has
University campus sprawls over 25 lush acres. DUWLFXODWHGWKHIROORZLQJYLVLRQDQGREMHFWLYHV
PESIT South Campus will be a part of multi- Vision: “MSRUAS aspires to be the premier
disciplinary University Campus. university of choice in Asia for student centric
Be it cutting edge laboratories for the medical professional education and services with a strong
students, equipped workshops for the university focus on applied research whilst maintaining
engineering students or a compact hotel on the highest academic and ethical standards
campus to aid the Hotel Management course – in a creative and innovative environment”.
the University endeavour to develop and provide Mission:Our purpose is the creation and
supporting infrastructure everywhere. Outside dissemination of knowledge. It is committed
the classroom, secure hostels and modern to creativity, innovation and excellence in
cafeterias ensure comfortable on-campus living, our teaching and research. It values integrity,
while excellent sports and recreation facilities give quality and teamwork in all our endeavours. It
students the opportunity to explore and develop inspires critical thinking, personal development
their potential. and a passion for lifelong learning. It serves the
WHFKQLFDO VFLHQWLÀF DQG HFRQRPLF QHHGV RI RXU
The academic programs at PES University Society.
are designed to support the kind of progressive
teaching and learning that parents expect their Objectives : To disseminate knowledge
FKLOGUHQWRH[SHULHQFH7KHZHOOGHÀQHGSURFHVVHV and skills through instructions, teaching,
741
and infrastructure are administered by capable training, seminars, workshops and symposia in
Engineering and Technology, Art and Design, Sciences (Ph.D.). Doctoral Programme in faculty
Management and Commerce, Health and Allied of Mathematical and Physical Sciences (Ph.D.).
Sciences, Physical and Life Sciences, Arts,
Sponsored Research: The university with
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
Humanities and Social Sciences to equip students
National and International organisations in
and scholars to meet the needs of industries,
government, public and private sector would like
business and society. To generate knowledge
to undertake research and generate knowledge for
through research in Engineering and Technology,
WKH EHQHÀW RI WKH 6RFLHW\ 7KH UHVHDUFK WKHPHV
Art and Design, Management and Commerce,
are: Energy & Environment, Energy Conversion
Health and Allied Sciences, Physical and Life
Systems, Signals & Systems, Embedded Systems,
Sciences, Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences
Control Systems, Materials and Manufacturing,
to meet the challenges that arise in industry,
Bio Mechanics & Bio Medical Systems, Structural
business and society. To promote health, human
Mechanics, Microelectronics, MEMS and Nano
well being and provide wholistic healthcare. To
Technology, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug
SURYLGH WHFKQLFDO DQG VFLHQWLÀF VROXWLRQV WR UHDO
Development and Drug Delivery, Dentistry,
life problems posed by industry, business and
Industrial and Business Management.
society in Engineering and Technology, Art and
Design, Management and Commerce, Health Training and Lifelong Learning: The “Directorate
and Allied Sciences, Physical and Life Sciences, of Training and Lifelong Learning”, will focus
Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences. To instill on Training, Skill Development and Lifelong
the spirit of entrepreneurship in the youth to Learning activities. The Directorate will offer
help create more career opportunities in the these programmes to students and practicing
society by incubating and nurturing technology professionals from industry, businesses and
product ideas and supporting technology backed academia. The Directorate will facilitate the
business. To identify and nurture leadership delivery of Training and Lifelong Learning
skills in students and help in the development programmes through the members of Faculties of
of our future leaders to enrich the society we the University, consultants and its own staff.
live in. To develop partnership with universities,
The Directorate will offer the following
industries, businesses, research establishments,
programmes as part of Training and Lifelong
NGOs, international organisations, governmental
Learning activities: Vocational degree
organisations in India and abroad to enrich the
programmes leading to B. Voc., degree with
experiences of faculties and students through
various specialisations, Postgraduate Diploma
research and developmental programmes.
in Professional Practice (PGDPP) with various
Academics: The university offers academic VSHFLDOLVDWLRQV$GYDQFHG&HUWLÀFDWH3URJUDPPHV
programmes through its faculties. The Academic (ACP) with various specialisations to train fresh
programmes of the University are: Undergraduate graduates to make them industry ready, Module
programme leading to B. Tech, B. Des., B.Sc. Training Programme (MTP) to train practicing
(Hons), B.Com(Hons), BBA, BDS, B. Pharm., professionals to upgrade their technical &
Pharm. D, BHM degree; Postgraduate Programme managerial knowledge and skills, Corporate
leading to M. Tech, M. Des., MBA, M.Sc., M.Com, Training Programme (CTP) to upgrade technical
MBA (Innovation and Entrepreneurship), MBA ( knowledge and skills of working professionals,
Pharma Business Management), MBA (Hospitality 6HPLQDUV:RUNVKRSVDQG3URÀFLHQF\FRXUVHV
Management), MHA, MDS, M. Pharm. Degree.
REVA University, Bengaluru : REVA University
Research: Doctoral Research: The Doctoral
has been established under the REVA University
Research Programme leads to Ph.D. degree of the
Act, 2012. The University is in Bengaluru on a
University. The doctoral programme is offered
sprawling green campus, spread over 45 acres
under following faculties. Doctoral Programme
of land, built with state-of-the-art infrastructure
in the faculty of Engineering and Technology
creating an environment conducive to higher
(Ph.D.).Doctoral Programme in the faculty of
learning and research. The founders of REVA
Art and Design (Ph.D.).Doctoral Programme in
University believe in the motto’ Knowledge is
faculty of Management and Commerce (Ph.D.)
Power’. Driven with a philanthropic vision and a
Doctoral Programme in faculty of Pharmacy
742 missionary zeal, the campus is built to transform
(Ph.D.). Doctoral Programme in faculty of Dental
students into outstanding citizens. The University ethical and moral values, research culture and
prides itself in contributing to every student’s innovative skills through higher education of
holistic development. The University currently global standards”. Mission: To create excellent
offers 24 Full-time Post Graduate Programs, 2 infrastructure facilities and state-of-the-art
Part-time Post Graduate programs, 33 Graduate laboratories and incubation centers. To provide
SURJUDPV VHYHUDO &HUWLÀFDWH'LSORPD DQG 3RVW student-centric learning environment through
graduate Diploma programs in Engineering, innovative pedagogy and education reforms.
Architecture, Science & Technology, Commerce, To encourage research and entrepreneurship
Management Studies, Law, Arts & Humanities through collaborations and extension activities.
and Performing Arts. Above All, the University To promote industry-institute partnerships and
facilitates Research leading to Doctoral Degrees share knowledge for innovation and development.
in all disciplines. The programs offered by REVA To organize society development programs for
University are well planned and designed based knowledge enhancement in thrust areas. To
on in depth analysis and research with emphasis enhance leadership qualities among the youth
on knowledge assimilation, practical applications, and enrich personality traits, promote patriotism
hands-on training, global and Industrial relevance and moral values.
DQGWKHLUVRFLDOVLJQLÀFDQFH
Objectives: Creation, preservation and
REVA University believes in preparing students dissemination of knowledge and attainment
through the Choice Based Credit System (CBCS) of excellence in different disciplines, Smooth
and Continuous Assessment and Grading Pattern transition from teacher - centric focus to learner -
(CAGP) of education. The CBCS & CAGP pattern centric processes and activities, Performing all the
of education has been introduced in all programs IXQFWLRQVRILQWHUHVWWRLWVPDMRUFRQVWLWXHQWVOLNH
WR IDFLOLWDWH VWXGHQWV WR RSW IRU VXEMHFWV RI WKHLU faculty, staff, students and the society to reach
FKRLFHLQDGGLWLRQWRWKHFRUHVXEMHFWVRIWKHVWXG\ leadership position, Developing a sense of ethics
and prepare them with required skills. It also in the University and Community, making it
provides opportunities for students to earn more conscious of its obligations to the society and the
FUHGLWVDQGWKHUHE\DFTXLUHDGGLWLRQDO3URÀFLHQF\ nation, Accepting the challenges of globalization
EDUCATION AND
&HUWLÀFDWHVDQG'LSORPDV to offer high quality education and other services
SPORTS
in a competitive manner.
Genesis of REVA University: The REVA Institute
of Technology and Management, one of the most Infrastructure: REVA University focuses on
prestigious institutions of the Trust, received an promoting all round development of its young
accreditation by NBA within a record time span of and dynamic students and strongly believes in
seven years post its inception. All the institutions providing an environment that would not only
of the Trust are most sought after by aspiring stimulate intellect, but also promote mental
students for pursuing higher education because DQG SK\VLFDO ÀWQHVV 7KH VSUDZOLQJ FDPSXV RI
RI WKHLU H[FHOOHQW LQIUDVWUXFWXUH KLJKO\ TXDOLÀHG REVA University is spread over 45 acres of lush
faculty, commendable placement record, keen green land located very near to the Bengaluru
industry-institute interaction and various R&D ,QWHUQDWLRQDO $LUSRUW %HLQJ WKH GHDUHVW SURMHFW
initiatives. The dream realization of Late Smt. of one of the most renowned developers of the
5XNPLQL 6K\DPD 5DMX UHDFKHG D QHZ KHLJKW city – DivyaSree Developers, the REVA University
when in recognition of the quality educational campus is a perfect blend of expert design and
services of RECT and REVA, the Government of thoughtful infrastructure that caters to every
.DUQDWDND QRWLÀHG 5(9$ 8QLYHUVLW\ DV D 3ULYDWH educational professional and recreational needs
University established in Karnataka State under of the students, faculty and staff on campus.
the Government of Karnataka Act no. 80 of the
The infrastructural pride of the University is its
year 2012. The academic year of 2013-14 marked
Library and ICT block. Located at the heart of the
the commencement of the University’s noble
campus, the fully air-conditioned Library provides
activities.
a mix of learning environments to meet various
Vision: ‘’REVA University aspires to become student needs be it a quiet, individual study
an innovative university by developing excellent space or a group discussion set-up or even a
743
human resources with leadership qualities, technologically enabled atmosphere. The Library
block holds an Information Centre with about 150 and inclusive education for students with special
computers for the students to make absolute use needs. The University has also introduced, Braille,
of digital content and develop a broader spectrum as an electronic reading support for Visually
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
of research. Apart from the grand collection of Impaired students.
ERRNV MRXUQDOV WHFKQLFDO UHSRUWV DQG DUWLFOHV
The Dayananda Sagar University: The
the digital platform at the Library and ICT block
Dayananda Sagar Schools and Colleges of
boasts about its subscriptions to more than
Science, Arts and Commerce are pioneering
HOHFWURQLFMRXUQDOWLWOHVDQGLQQXPHUDEOH
institutions founded by late Sri Dayananda
collection of e-books and electronic reference
Sagar in the early sixties. One of the India’s
material central to every course at the University.
leading educational institutions, a front-runner
The spacious, well ventilated gallery classrooms LQ WKH ÀHOG RI HGXFDWLRQ WRGD\ 'D\DQDQGD
at the Main Block accommodate students from Sagar Institutions (DSI) operates under the aegis
various course and academic years to interact and of the Mahatma Gandhi Vidya Peetha Trust, in
learn from peers and faculty. Each classroom is Bengaluru-described as the Silicon Valley of India.
IT enabled for an all inclusive approach for every Our institutions are characterized by the quality of
teacher to use while interacting with students. The education across a broad range of disciplines from
multiple conference halls, seminar halls, meeting pre-university courses to post-graduation and
halls along with the Kuvempu Auditorium, the doctoral programs covering Engineering, Dental
Amphi theatre and the Open Air Theatre facilitate Sciences, Biological Sciences, Arts, Commerce,
smooth conduct of all University wide group events. Sciences, Pharmacy, Nursing, Allied Health, as
7KH\RXWKRIWRGD\IXQFWLRQVRQDÀWQHVVPDQWUD well as Business Management and Information
and REVA ensures that all their recreational Technology.
DQG ÀWQHVV QHHGV DUH PHW RQ FDPSXV WKURXJK
Progressively a number of institutions offering
state-of-the-art indoor and outdoor sports and
diploma, degree and postgraduate courses in
games facilities. The REVA Canteen caters to the
Engineering, Dental Sciences and Pharmacy were
students’ daily nourishment through one of the
added. Keeping pace with technological growth,
most modernized and centralized kitchen facilities
Management, Information Technology, education
and a variety of offerings ranging from meals with
programmes, courses in Bio-technology and
South-Indian and North-Indian dishes, salads
Microbiology have been introduced. Facilities for
and sweets to evening snacks and beverages.
doctoral and post-doctoral work are now being
REVA hostels are genuinely a home away introduced. Health care education has been
from home. Providing a comfortable and safe gaining prominence at the DSI campus through
environment to its students is the University’s top the diploma and graduate programs in nursing
most priority. The in-campus departmental store, with its well-equipped laboratories and modern
snack shop, book store and other such amenities infrastructure. The Allied Health College offers a
ensure that the students have all their basic few programs that are in demand with several in the
requirements met easily on campus. To provide a pipeline. DSI’s commitment to internationalization
comfortable, entertaining and a wholesome stay is expressed in its collaborative research and
on campus, the University promotes celebration of exchange programmes involving institutions from
several festivals and sports and cultural activities across the globe.
that encourage young minds to engage in an all
Besides the high-calibre teaching staff, the
round development which is the primary aim of
students are given a challenging academic
the University’s offerings.
environment with well-equipped lecture theatres,
Infrastructure for the Differently Abled - The laboratories, excellent libraries and computer
University provides infrastructural and study networking facilities. Besides academics, it
support for differently abled and special needs also has exceptional sports facilities. The hostel
students, creating a safe, secure and enriching facilities cater to local and international students,
environment for them. The University has Lifts, encompassing the cultural and recreational
Wheel Chairs, and an Electric Vehicle for in needs of the students. With its strong foundation
744
campus transport. REVA has a counselling centre in creating Dayananda Sagar Institutions as
a great academic centre in previous century, equipped lecture theatres, laboratories, excellent
the education provider stepped up to be a libraries and computer networking facilities. DSU
deemed university to offer a new canvas for the also has exceptional infrastructure for students
young global citizens to transform their creative who possess a passion for sports and games.
abilities to conquer the world. In the advent The hostel facilities, encompassing cultural
of Make in India and start-up era, Dayananda and recreational needs, cater to both local and
Sagar University is moving ahead with time and international students.
requirement to enable a ecosystem that nurtures
Inspired By Innovators: Research, Innovation
young minds to be a innovator, entrepreneur and
and Incubation (spread over 25,000 sft of
a leader. Thus, building a competency in multiple
industry quality labs) form the core of DSU. So
domains, mastering in technology, management
it isn’t surprising that DSU has taken the next
DQGQHWZRUNLQJSURÀFLHQWLQPDUNHWLQJ ÀQDQFH
logical step: Laying the foundation to transform
and ability to appreciate art and culture.
the entrepreneurial dream of every young Indian
Dayananda Sagar Institutions founded in the and global citizen into a reality. Enabling this
60’s by one such visionary, late Sri Dayananda transformation is the active support of industry
Sagar committed to take knowledge to the people, leaders, industry bodies and a dedicated 4
transforms today’s students into responsible lakh square feet modern ready-to-move-in
citizens and professional leaders of tomorrow. infrastructure.
Dayananda Sagar University created by an Act of
Stellar Performance – Time And Again:
the Karnataka State in 2014, built on this adorable
Dayananda Sagar Institutions (DSI) have
legacy and inspired by its own milestones, meeting
consistent topped the academic charts in every
the needs of quality higher education in this part
area of knowledge standing out from the midst of a
of the world.
sea of institutions of repute. Its accomplishments
Unveiling A Legacy: Universities of great legacy are unparalleled. In the recent past, DSI secured
across the world are the invaluable contribution 58 ranks from Visvesvaraya Technological
of certain visionaries to the world. Universities University among 220 engineering colleges in
EDUCATION AND
GRQ·W PDQXIDFWXUH SURGXFWV ZLWK VSHFLÀF XVH Karnataka (in 2014).
and determined life cycle. They share & impart
SPORTS
multitudes of streams of knowledge and create Different Courses For Different Passions:
wonderful human beings – learned practitioners %HJLQQLQJ $FDGHPLF <HDU ² 'D\DQDQGD
& Disseminators of knowledge to make the world Sagar University would offer courses in
a better place to be. These Universities of great Engineering, Computer Applications, Sciences,
VLJQLÀFDQFH KDYH OLYHG WKURXJK WKH FHQWXULHV Arts and Management in the Bachelors, Masters
building centers of knowledge and great alumni of and Ph.D levels. Supporting the academic
such Universities. activities are the Centers of Excellence in ICT,
Health Care, Energy and Life Science, among
Proud to Be Part of DSU: DSU is a proud member RWKHUIDVWHYROYLQJÀHOGVRIVWXG\
of the Dayananda Sagar Institutions family
founded by Late Sri Dayananda Sagar in the early Rai Technology University (RTU). The spirit of
VL[WLHV ZLWKMXVWIRXUVWXGHQWV '6,KDVPRUSKHG innovation and modernization in every sector and
into global education power house, spread over student centric teaching-learning approach will
ÀYHFDPSXVHVFDWHULQJWRWKHHGXFDWLRQQHHGVRI be the cornerstone of academics at Rai Technology
over 17,000 students. Operating under the aegis University (RTU). It is one place, one mind one
of the Mahatma Gandhi Vidya Peetha Trust in heart, not withstanding multiple disciplines,
Bengaluru, DSI has enabled the transformation colleges and locations where boundaries are
of tens of thousands of young Indian and ORRVHO\ GHÀQHG DQG KLJKO\ SHUPHDEOH +ROLVWLF
international citizens into professionals in diverse Education = Theory + Practice + “Capacity to
specializations. Think”….Flexibility, Creativity & Innovation.
Commitment to Excellence: The traditional mode
Best-In-Class Facilities: Besides the high-
of learning perpetrates memorizing without the
calibre teaching staff, the students are given a
VWXGHQWHYHUJUDVSLQJWKHVRXORIWKHVXEMHFW7KLV
challenging academic environment with well- 745
results in a situation where lessons taught are
never learnt. At RTU, students are sensitized to a WKH VW FHQWXU\ %\ EULQJLQJ DERXW VLJQLÀFDQW
unique learning process which continues to pay improvement in every phase of rural life, by
dividends throughout their lives. The Rai method much needed change in methods of production,
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
demands constant interaction between faculty E\ LQÁXHQFLQJ WKH ZKROH RXWORRN RI WKH UXUDO
and students. The focus is to develop conceptual community and rural home, by giving them a new
understanding via active learning, interactive vision and new hope, this university will be able
classes, inculcate habit of self learning, pre-class to make great contribution to national welfare.
reading and develop problem solving skills. To develop innovative programs in emerging
disciplines, enduring cutting-edge research of
Lectures in interactive mode through up-loading
social relevance and national interest involving
study material on university website, persuade
faculty and students in interactive learning and
students to come prepared, ask concept related
application environment both within and outside
pre-planned questions, trigger group discussion,
the University and make them build world-wide
focus on peer teaching (question pairs) and
network of knowledge sharing.
quiz & oral tests. The vision is to be one of the
preferred providers of quality professional School of Agricultural Sciences & Forestry: The
education and imbibe in our students a passion School of Agricultural Sciences and Forestry offers
for life-long learning, to expand the horizon of several in Diploma, Under-Graduate and Post-
world knowledge, provide instructions, training, Graduate programs with various specializations
research and development in secondary education under the discipline of Agriculture Forestry,
and higher education. Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Technology
and Agricultural Management. The University
Objectives: To design and deliver high quality provides students an unique opportunity to
training, capacity building and development develop their full potential as innovative business
systems for teachers, teacher educators, leaders and entrepreneurs in their future
teachers in higher and professional education, endeavours both at domestic and global scenario.
leadership training including political leaders, The program has been designed to enable
administrators and development professional VWXGHQWVWRDFTXLUHDÀUPXQGHUVWDQGLQJLQWHUPV
working in education and other system. To of knowledge and analytical skills that underpin
collaborate with any other universities, research them to excel in their careers. SAVAS is founded
LQVWLWXWLRQV QRQSURÀW RUJDQL]DWLRQV LQGXVWU\ with a vision to not only impact quality education,
associations, professional associations or other but to prepare the students for an all-round
organizations to conceptualize, design, exchange growth both physically and mentally to face the
programs for students, faculty members and challenges in life based on ancient Indian wisdom.
others. To disseminate knowledge and develop a
School of Ayurvedic Science & Research:
public debate on issues of education and allied
“Educate people, Create Awareness and Promote
GHYHORSPHQW ÀHOGV WKURXJK VHULHV RI OHFWXUHV
$\XUYHGD <RJD DQG +HUEDO 0HGLFLQHµ 7KH WHDP
seminars, conferences, executive education
LV PRWLYDWHG WR HVWDEOLVK DERYH REMHFWLYH LQ WKH
programmers for students, faculty members
society. Thus, keeping the society away from
and others. To initiate and undertake programs
pharmaceutical hazardous by emphasizing more
for the development and training of faculty,
on natural, herbal medicines as well as preventive
researches and support staff of the university measures. The institute is aiming to provide
LQ SDUWQHUVKLS FROODERUDWLRQ FRRSHUDWLRQ MRLQW EHQHÀW RI $\XUYHGD DV ZHOO DV IRONORUH PHGLFLQDO
venture, strategic or any other form of mutually knowledge to people from all the level of society.
EHQHÀFLDOUHODWLRQVKLSZLWKDQ\RWKHULQVWLWXWLRQV
of similar vision, mission, strategic architecture JSS Science and Technology University:
DQGREMHFWLYHV Karnataka’s share in National GDP is around 6
per cent. The character of the state economy has
Mission: 7R DGYDQFH NQRZOHGJH LQ WKH ÀHOGV drastically changed from primarily agrarian in 1956
of science, technology, management and allied towards industrial & service economy in 2010.
disciplines of scholarship with focus on developing GOK’s Vision (http://www.karunadu.gov.in/spb/
relevant skills, competence and attitude to meet Documents/KVD15th per cent 20 Jan per cent
746 the needs of the society and the industry in 20 English.pdf) is to develop a vibrant knowledge
society and achieve a sustainable and orderly towards overall development of students, aligning
process of industrialization by enhancing human our investments with our strategic priorities
capabilities. In accordance with GOK’s Vision JSS to cater to the Nation’s Vision. We’ll streamline
Mahavidyapeetha has established JSS Science our systems and processes to make the most of
and Technology University at Mysuru. our resources and minimise bureaucracy.Global
reach: We’ll broaden our efforts to meet the global
JSS Science and Technology University is
needs of the larger world community with focused
one of the recent additions to the institutions
administered by JSS Mahavidyapeetha, and is priorities including a multi-cultural community
the second University being established besides of students and staff and become a truly
a Medical University at Mysuru. India’s higher international university. We’ll prepare students
HGXFDWLRQV\VWHPLVRQWKHYHUJHRIPDMRUUHIRUPV IRU GLYHUVLÀHG WHFKQRORJLFDO HQYLURQPHQWV
and JSS Science and Technology University worldwide and develop international alliances and
has been established envisioning to create a partnerships.
bright future and a desired learner centric eco- Multi-disciplinary approaches: The institute
system and transform into a futuristic global will strategically provide encouragement to
University. The Availability of skilled human multi-disciplinary approaches by supporting
resources and trained technical manpower in and developing networks of students, faculty
HQJLQHHULQJDQGWHFKQRORJ\LVDPDMRUUHDVRQIRU and researchers worldwide. It will create world
growing investments in the state. In this context leading, multi-disciplinary, learning centers,
higher education system has a key role and more research institutes that meet our Industries and
SDUWLFXODUO\ -66 6 78 ZLWK DQ REMHFWLYH RI funders strategic needs.The vision of JSS Science
transforming the students at all levels of higher and Technology University is to be an effective
education including research and innovation with instrument in enhancement of knowledge in
measures to improve quality of workforce. the Society and thus the social transformation.
Our Strategic priorities includes Prominent
Education has always been India’s prime
National Status Quality Teaching & Learning
priority. Mysuru is the holy land for educational
Research of International Repute State of the art
EDUCATION AND
institutions. Education is the basic necessity for
infrastructure of International Standard:Open
well-being and development of a Nation. A well-
SPORTS
access to knowledge through Distance Education
established higher education system forms the
ÁDJVKLSIRUWUDQVIRUPLQJWRPHHWWKHJOREDOQHHGV Collaborations & MOU: JSS Science and
<HWDODUJHFKXQNRISHRSOHLQ,QGLDQHHGOLWHUDF\ Technology University strategies to utilize the very
and many more need to acquire employable skills best of education technology, optimize teaching
to suit the emerging modern India. methods and encourage new inter-disciplinary
research programmes that help connect teaching
Hence JSS S & T University is committed to
and research, including applied and action
deliver high quality educational opportunities for UHVHDUFKSURMHFWV,WLVSURSRVHGWRRIIHUWKHVH1HZ
youth and transform not only its neighborhood Academic Programs: Information technology and
but offer courses to equip aspiring youth to meet Telecommunication, Infrastructure Engineering
the global needs of industry in every sector. JSS and Management, Systems Engineering and
S & T University is articulated with the following Manufacturing, Energy and Environment
Master plan. Mission is to establish one of the engineering, Bio-sciences Engineering,
world’s great broad-based sustainable value Transportation, logistics and Freight forwarding
driven research-intensive university and integrate School of Design,Corporate Finance and Data
QDWLRQ EXLOGLQJ 7KH SURSRVHG VWUDWHJ\ LGHQWLÀHV Sciences Academic Leadership Institute.
WKHSULRULWLHVIRUWKHQH[WÀYH\HDUVGXULQJZKLFK
will focus our resources on maintaining existing The Organizational strength: The ability of
and developing new, leading activities. The nations and people to learn, to adopt the lessons
institute will improve its standing nationally and to their own context quickly and to translate
internationally, while meeting needs of Industry learning into action are the critical components of
and students. The strategy focuses on three main successful development in a global economy that
themes: National Focus: We’ll orient our efforts increasingly relies on knowledge and information
747
and learning has, in fact, always been at the core
of economic change (1996 annual report of the larger following of all sections of Indian society.
World Bank, Economic Development Institute, Sri Jagadguru Veerasimhasana Suttur Math
President James Wolfenson). The point is of with a long history of more than one thousand
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
obvious importance in a world characterized by years is a multi-dimensional institution that has
rapid growth in trade and investment; a dizzying contributed immensely to the cause of societal
rate of technological change; increased economic advancement. Over thousand years since its
integration among nations; an uncoupling of establishment, a lineage of pontiffs have done
natural resources from development as a result of yeomen service for the betterment of mankind.
new materials and knowledge-based substitutes; At any given point in time, over 50,000 students
globalization of industries; and more open study in its educational institutions. Nearly three
competition. lakh patients are treated in the hospitals and
clinics run by the Math every year.
Technology, as we understand has several
facts, all of which are powerful drivers of change. With its administrative head-quarters located
New materials, bio-technology innovations at the foot of the picturesque Chamundi Hills,
and robotics are but a few of them. However, in the erstwhile princely city of Mysuru, Sri
the most profound of all is what is often called Suttur Veerasimhasana Math is today recognized
telematics, the convergence and explosive DV D PDMRU PLVVLRQ DQG LV GUDZLQJ VHHNHUV RI
growth and development of the information knowledge and wisdom in large numbers. The
and communication technologies. Professional activities of the Math have drawn accolades
education effort of JSS Mahavidyapeetha is from various quarters from the layman to the
laudable in the present context. The prominent heads of states.“Work is Worship” the mantra
contributors being JSS Technical Education that guides the Math is enshrined in its emblem.
division, JSS University and the recently ´6HOÁHVV 6HUYLFHµ LV WKH VSLULW EHKLQG HYHU\ WDVN
established JSS Science and Technology University. that the Math undertakes and since the service
Excellence in its entire education system is very is considered to be an offering to Lord Shiva, its
evident with thrust on improvements in quality purity and intention are of utmost importance. Sri
and relevance of content and delivery at all levels Suttur Veerasimhasana Math has grown over the
with systemic improvements like, synergy between centuries to be a multi-dimensional educational
UHVHDUFK WHDFKLQJÁH[LELOLW\LQFKRLFHRIFRXUVHV movement. Spearheading the Math’s educational
within the institution and across institutions initiatives is Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara
including universities abroad through exchange Mahavidyapeetha (JSS MVP), founded by the 23rd
of students (shift from plate meal approach 3RQWLII -DJDGJXUX 'U 6UL 6KLYDUDWKUL 5DMHQGUD
to cafeteria approach) emphasizing the need for Mahaswamigalu. Sri Suttur Math is an active
cross-disciplinary courses, evaluating students ongoing movement to uphold the cause of social
continuously on the basis of understanding & DQG HFRQRPLF MXVWLFH EDVHG RQ VSLULWXDO YDOXHV
application of knowledge and academia-industry and ideals.
interface and building centers of excellence in the
higher education system. JSS Mahavidyapeetha: JSSMVP is a
philanthropic gift to the society by a lineage of
Availability of skilled human resources including
pontiffs who believed in uplifting the society
trained technical manpower in engineering and
by eradicating poverty through education for
WHFKQRORJ\LVPDMRUUHDVRQIRUJURZLQJLQYHVWPHQWV
all. It was established in 1954 by 23rd Pontiff
in the state. In this context, higher education
of Sri Suttur Math Jagadguru Dr. Sri Shivarathri
system has a key role and more particularly JSS
5DMHQGUD 0DKDVZDPLML 7KH YLVLRQ RI KLV
Mahavidyapeetha which has developed a brand
Holiness has triggered an educational revolution,
image over the last six decades of its existence.
particularly in the backward rural areas of Mysuru
Sri Suttur Math : Sri Suttur Math is a district during the last six decades. His vision
movement, committed to uphold the cause of was responsible for bringing about an excellent
VRFLDO DQG HFRQRPLF MXVWLFH EDVHG RQ VSLULWXDO blend of the traditional culture with modern
values and ideals. The activities of the math science, leading to total personality development
transcend the sectarian limits of the Veerashaiva of individuals, through a network of education
748
community and encompass a much wider and institutions, propagating both cultural education
and modern multi-disciplinary professional is to develop JSS S&T University as a global
education. destination for cohesive learning of engineering,
science and management which are strongly
JSSMVP, an educational effort of Jagadguru
supported with interdisciplinary research and
Sri Veerasimhasana Math, Suttur Srikshetra
academia. JSS S&T University is committed to
has its prominent presence in Karnataka,
provide world class amenities, infrastructural
Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh and abroad viz, USA,
and technical support to the students, staff,
Mauritius and Dubai. Today it has grown into
researchers and industrial partners to promote
a family of 350 plus institutions covering every
and protect innovations and technologies through
spectrum of education. The Mahavidyapeetha is
patents and to enrich entrepreneurial endeavors.
QRZDQLFRQLFLQVWLWXWLRQLQWKHÀHOGRIHGXFDWLRQ
JSS S&T University core mission is to create
moving forward with a motto of “Education for
knowledge led economy through appropriate
all”. It is an honor to state that many important
technologies and to resolve societal problems by
personalities including Relegious Leaders,
educational empowerment and ethics for better
Presidents, Prime Ministers, Governors, Men of
living.
letters, Noble Laureates, Scientists etc., have
visited in the past and inspired to embrace more KLE Technological University, Belagavi.
service oriented programmes. JSSMVP under the KLE’s BVB, Emerges as ‘KLE Technological
spiritual guidance of his Holiness Jagadguru Sri University’. KLE Technological University (KLE
6KLYDUDWKUL'HVKLNHQGUD0DKDVZDPLMLLVRQWKH Tech) has its roots in one of the premier engineering
threshold of launching many more programmes institution of Karnataka, B. V. Bhoomaraddi
covering all aspects of life in the service of the College of Engineering and Technology (BVB),
nation. The long tradition of the Vidyapeetha is a prestigious engineering college in Hubli. The
being continued with renewed force and fervour. founding organization KLE Society, Belgaum,
The core purpose of the JSS Mahavidyapeetha established BVB college in 1947 with an aspiration
is to transform lives through the philosophy of of creating an institution that would lay the
“education for all” by combining both innovation foundation of modern engineering education in
DQGWUDGLWLRQIRUWKHEHQHÀWRIWKHVRFLHW\RIRXU northern region of Karnataka. Over the years,
EDUCATION AND
diverse nation and ensuring that the constituent it evolved to reach and hold a unique position
SPORTS
institutions embrace the core values of learning, of pride in the technical education system of
discovery, freedom, leadership, individual India. As we entered into the 21st century, the
opportunity and responsibility. college undertook comprehensive reform process
to adapt to the challenging global engineering
Vision: Advancing JSS S&T University as a
education scenario. In pursuit of academic
leader in education, research and technology on
excellence, the college attained academic
the international arena.To provide the students
autonomy from University Grant Commission
a universal platform to launch their careers,
(UGC) in the year 2007. As an autonomous the
vesting the industry and research community
college, BVB established its distinctive character
with skilled and professional workforce.
in the academic space through its curriculum and
Accomplishing JSS S&T University as an epicentre
outstanding student experience.
for innovation, centre of excellence for research
with state of the art lab facilities. Fostering an Over the time it gained tremendous credibility
erudite, professional forum for researchers and with the industries and employers and emerged
industrialist to co-exist and to work cohesively as a brand to reckon with. The Alumni of the
for the growth and development of science and Institute have done exceedingly well in all spheres
technology for betterment of society. of life at both national and international levels
and brought name and fame for themselves
Mission: Education,research and social outreach
as well as to their Alma Mater. The times have
are the core doctrines of JSS S&T University that
changed, and the higher educational institutions
are responsible for accomplishment of in-depth
need to continually innovate to maintain and
knowledge base, professional skill and innovative
enhance their relevance to meet the ever changing
technologies required to improve the socio
demands of global economies. Apart from
economic conditions of the country. Our mission 749
delivering good quality education, the institutions
are expected to develop their capacity in research Srinivas Institute of Medical Sciences and
and innovation. They also need to undergo a Research Center, Srinivas Institute of Dental
fundamental transformation in terms of their role Sciences, Srinivas Institute of Technology,
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
in the society, mode of operation, and economic Srinivas College of Pharmacy, Srinivas Institute of
structure and the scale at which they operate. Nursing Sciences, A Shama Rao Nursing School,
Srinivas Integrated Campus, Srinivas College
Keeping the above challenges in mind BVB
RI +RWHO 0DQDJHPHQW 9LMD\DODNVKPL ,QVWLWXWH
College of Engineering and Technology undertook
of Hospitality Sciences, Srinivas First Grade
strategic initiative of transforming itself into a
College, Srinivas School of Engineering, Srinivas
University of national distinction. In 2014 the
Institute of Management Studies, Srinivas College
college was recognized as a state private University
of Physiotherapy, Srinivas School of Business,
by Government of Karnataka. The rich heritage
Srinivas School of Management, Srinivas College
of BVB College as one of the best engineering
of Education, Srinivas Institute of Social Work.
college in Hubballi combined with brand equity
of KLE Society are the starting points for KLE Presently, Srinivas University offers
Technological University to emerge as a University undergraduate, postgraduate, and research
with a national distinction. courses under 8 Faculties/Colleges with about
60 courses. The University made innovations
Vision: KLE Technological University will be a
in designing and starting new super speciality
national leader in Higher Education-recognized
programmes both in UG, and PG level as per present
globally for innovative culture, outstanding
and future industry relevance, innovations in
student experience, research excellence and
examination system through focus on continuous
social impact. Mission: KLE Technological
evaluation and to make it foolproof. The University
University is dedicated to teaching that meets
has established networking with many industries,
highest standards of excellence, generation and universities, and Education service providers to
application of new knowledge through research substantially improve the quality and weightage
and creative endeavours. The three-fold mission of the courses and degrees respectively. Presently
of the University is: To offer undergraduate and Srinivas University has Eight Colleges offering
post-graduate programs with engaged and innovative industry oriented specialized courses
experiential learning environment, enriched by of UG, PG, and Research levels.
high quality instruction, that prepares students
to succeed in their lives and professional careers. Vision: To be a trendsetter among universities
To enable and grow disciplinary and inter- and build students who emerge as leaders with
disciplinary areas of research, that build on present competence, conscience and compassion by
strengths and future opportunities, aligning empowering them with sound education and high
with areas of national strategic importance and standards of ethical and professional behaviour
priority. To actively engage in Socio-economic enabling them to build and promote a more
development of the region, by contributing our KXPDQH MXVW DQG VXVWDLQDEOH ZRUOG IRU IXWXUH
expertise, experience and leadership, to enhance generations. Mission:Our mission is to provide an
FRPSHWLWLYHQHVV DQG TXDOLW\ RI OLIH $V D XQLÀHG exceptional learning environment where students
community of faculty, staff and students. can develop and enhance their leadership
and teamwork skills, creative and intellectual
Srinivas University, Mangaluru.: Srinivas powers and passion for learning by providing
University, Mangaluru, is a Private Research an uncompromising standard of excellence in
University in Mangaluru, Karnataka, India teaching; embodying the spirit of excellence
established in 2013 by Karnataka State Act. to educate the citizen-leaders of society with
6ULQLYDV 8QLYHUVLW\ LV WKH ÁDJVKLS RI 6ULQLYDV distinction.
Group of Institutions started by A. Shama
2EMHFWLYHV :LWKDQDLPWREHDPRQJRQHRIWKHWRS
Rao Foundation, Mangaluru, India, a private
Universities in the world, Srinivas University has
Charitable Trust founded in 1988 by an Eminent
VHWLWVHOIWKHIROORZLQJREMHFWLYHV 7RSURPRWHKLJK
Chartered Accountant A. Raghavendra Rao.
levels of intellectual abilities. To establish state-
A. Shama Rao Foundation has started many
750 professional colleges in Mangaluru which include of-the-art facilities for education and training.
To create centres of excellence for research and
development. To provide consultancy to the Leadership Development : A variety of annual
industries & public organizations.To impart value programmes are organized through students
and ethics-based education through national ZKLFK EXLOG WKHLU FRQÀGHQFH DQG OHDGHUVKLS
and international collaboration.To focus on new Co-curricular and extra-curricular activities
models of education like virtual classroom along foster leadership development. Students are
with traditional education system. To emphasize trained to be leaders through events, and tasks
the importance of multi-disciplinary and trans- to enable them to be innovators. Knowledge for
disciplinary education and research in various Action : Application of learning is given emphasis
areas of science, engineering, technology, DQG FRQÀGHQFH WR SHUIRUP LV FKLHI SULRULW\
SKLORVRSK\ DQG FXOWXUH 7R GHYHORS VFLHQWLÀF )LHOG DFWLYLWLHV PLQL SURMHFWV DQG LQGXVWU\
technological, cultural and traditional heritage internship help to put knowledge into action.
of the people in the society through continuous Individual Support & Career Advise : Students
education. To create effective leaders to manage receive individual attention, support and care
human resources of the world. of their mentors. Placement and Career Service
&HOO LV WRWDOO\ GHYRWHG WR HQKDQFH VWXGHQW MRE
“Education is our Passion, Not Profession”
opportunities and upgrade their employability.
and based on this our guiding principle is that
“Continuous improvement is only the way to Continuous Evaluation System : Fag end
Success”. Srinivas University believes that evaluation is replaced by concurrent evaluation
students are the cream of the society and as its which reduces the load and help students to
valuable customers they deserve the best. The maintain high grades. Equal importance is given
curricular, co-curricular, and infrastructural to internal versus examination based evaluation.
VXSSRUW LW SURYLGHV WR WKH VWXGHQWV LV D MXVW $VVHVVPHQWV DUH EDVHG RQ REMHFWLYH FULWHULD
expression of this belief. which makes evaluation predictable. Hassle Free
Examination System : Examination is transparent
Autonomy in Course Design : Srinivas Group of
so as to eliminate students fear. Make-up
Institutions is invested with the autonomy to do
examinations are conducted for losers so that
Innovations in Higher Education, considering 30
precious year is not lost. Teaching Plan, Question
EDUCATION AND
years of experience & legacy in Higher Education,
banks, and Syllabus based study material are
Professional training & research. Autonomy to
SPORTS
part of equipping the students to fare well in the
offer industry & research oriented curriculum
examinations. Earn While Learn Opportunities :
to younger generation to create next generation
7LPLQJV DUH VXLWHG WR WDNH XS SDUW WLPH MREV WR
OHDGHUV ZRUNIRUFH 7R IXOÀO WKH IRUHVHHDEOH
earn while learn and become self-dependent.
demand of higher education in India through
Employment opportunities are disseminated to
predicted requirement of 5,000 universities
IXOÀOQHHGVDQGRIIHUFKRLFHV
(existing is only 792 in which about 264 Private
Universities).The university is founded on the Young & Experienced Faculty Members : A
basic premise that all programmes should be G\QDPLFWHDPRIIDFXOW\DUHLQFRPEDWÀWQHVVWR
catering to needs and responding to demands. KHOS WKH VWXGHQWV WR RYHUFRPH WKHLU GLIÀFXOWLHV
Faculty are tech-savvy to enable use of Automated
Flexible Curriculum : Autonomy is exercised in
administration and Teaching software and
deciding curriculum. Skill based and knowledge
intranet services. Through participation in
based courses are adequately addressed through
conferences and symposium, and taking up
ÁH[LELOLW\ LQ FXUULFXOXP (OHFWLYHV DQG RSWLRQDO
FRQVXOWDQFLHV DQG SURMHFWV IDFXOW\ FRQWLQXRXVO\
are offered to suit student interest and growth.
upgrade themselves to the ever increasing
Innovative Pedagogy : A variety of teaching
demands of time. Focus on Independent Thinking
methods are employed which effectively transfer
6WXGHQW 5HVHDUFK 6FLHQWLÀF WHPSHU DQG
knowledge, impart skills and facilitate learning.
curiosity to learn are encouraged. Students
The curriculum is customized to suit the
pursue research as part and parcel of their
emerging challenges and opportunities. Learning
academic pursuit. New Solutions to new problems
experiences are provided through Lab-based
is the motto of promoting independent thinking.
OHDUQLQJ )LHOGEDVHG OHDUQLQJ 3URMHFW EDVHG
More Opportunities for More People :Driven
learning, Class room-based learning, Experiential
by the desire to excel, the university makes an 751
learning, Case study analysis etc.
honest effort in reaching out to all who wish to be ecosystem has the capacity to offer programmes
EHQHÀFLDULHVRILWVPLVVLRQ7KHXQLYHUVLW\EHOLHYHV WKDW FRPELQH VXEMHFWV UHODWHG WR QDWXUDO DQG
in providing more opportunities to more people, social sciences, design, cinema, education, health
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
which keeps it inclusive and growing. VFLHQFHVFRQVHUYDWLRQDQGÀQHDUWV
The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Setting new standards: TDU uses a unique
Sciences and Technology technology enabled, learning platform through its
(TDU) Learning for Life Nature is multifaceted. collaborative relationship with Xceler to deliver
Learning is non-linear. Recognizing this, The courses. This platform supports experiential
University of Trans-disciplinary Health Sciences learning, competency based assessments,
and Technology (TDU) is committed as a University, internship options for students to undertake
to promote inter, multi and trans-disciplinary SURMHFWVLQFRPPXQLW\VHWWLQJVDVZHOODVQDWLRQDO
perspectives in every domain with an aim to make and international organizations. The University
OHDUQLQJPRUHKROLVWLFHQMR\DEOHDQGWKXVLPSURYH is thus aiming to set new standards for higher
learning outcomes for its students. TDU only offers education and research.
programmes which are of contemporary relevance
The University of Trans-disciplinary Health
and cutting edge. It prepare students and scholars
Sciences and Technology (TDU) is a State
to have an uncommon advantage compared to their
Legislated private University, and has evolved from
peers because of our emphasis on experiential
24 years of pioneering work of the Foundation for
learning and competency based evaluation. The
Revitalization of Local Health Traditions (FRLHT).
University imparts its programmes using practical,
All the programmes seeded during 1993-2014
application-oriented approaches. All programmes
by FRLHT have been adopted by TDU and are
are designed and delivered by faculty who have
today being expanded. TDU thus inherited legacy
track record of research and application and not
of 24 years of nation building achievements of
merely class room teaching. The faculty consists
FRLHT which are outlined here: TDU houses the
of persons drawn from a range of organizations
country’s only national herbarium and raw drug
including reputed research centers, the United
repository of the medicinal plants of India. TDU is
Nations agencies, Universities, Non-governmental
a national Centre of Excellence of the ministry of
organizations, industry and eminent professionals.
Environment, Forests and Climate Change (GOI).
Research, Outreach and Education with a It has technically supported since 1993, the state
difference: TDU was established as an innovation forest Departments across the country, to establish
centered University focused on designing and the world’s largest network of 108 Medicinal Plant
delivering research, outreach and education &RQVHUYDWLRQ$UHDV 03&$V ORFDWHGLQDOOWKHPDMRU
focused on social transformation aligned to forest types. Each MPCA is around 200 Hectares
HPHUJLQJ DQG IXWXULVWLF QHHGV $ ÀUVW RI LWV NLQG and conserves wild populations and gene pools of
in India, TDU’s uniqueness stems from the fact the medicinal plants diversity of the country. TDU
that while the University itself has core strength has designed and developed India’s most reliable
in Ayurveda-Biology, Clinical medicine, Medicinal computer database on the medicinal botanicals
plants systematics, Plant Genomics, Data Sciences, of the country, including their geographical
Local Health Traditions, Theoretical Foundations distribution and traditional pharmacopeia with
of Ayurveda, Traditional Knowledge informatics references to ancient manuscripts and published
and Manuscriptology, it has institutional academic literature from 1500 BC to 1900 AD. TDU
relationships with outstanding knowledge supports the country’s only grassroots network
SDUWQHUV LQ ÀHOGV OLNH 'HVLJQ 6ULVKWL (FRORJ\ of village based traditional healers and works
and Environment (ATREE), Bio-informatics in partnership with the Quality Council of India
(IBAB), Conservation of Coastal, Marine and 4&, IRU WKHLU WUDLQLQJ DQG FHUWLÀFDWLRQ 7'8
Mountain Ecosystems (Dakshin Foundation), KDV EHHQ GHYHORSLQJ WKH ÀUVW ´$\XUYHGD %LRORJ\
Biological Sciences (NCBS-TIFR), Stem Cell research centre” in an institutional setting which
Biology (InStem), Inter-disciplinary Studies (NIAS), researches on translational problems like safe
Cinema (Suchitra), Public health (IPH), Education drinking water, metabolic disorders, neurology,
and Pedagogy (Poorna), Medical Research (SJRI) etc. TDU has inherited FRLHT’s pioneering 100 bed
752 and Policy Studies (Takshashila). Thus, the TDU Integrative healthcare hospital whose endeavour
is to demonstrate contemporary relevance of the disciplinary domain being pursued in TDU. It
Ayurveda knowledge system. endeavors to combine understanding of biological
processes in the context of human health, from
The University of Trans-disciplinary Health
very different perspectives of physiology and
Sciences and Technology (TDU) is one of its kind
SKDUPDFRORJ\ 7UDQVGLVFLSOLQDU\ VXEMHFWV FDQ
in India. Its uniqueness stems from the following
be distinguished from inter-disciplinary or multi-
factors: TDU aims to provide an atmosphere of
disciplinary domains because in the latter the
free and fair learning opportunities – not based
VXEMHFWV FRPELQHG EHORQJ WR WKH VDPH FXOWXUDO
on one’s economic background but intellectual
and intellectual tradition. Bio-Physics and
inquisitiveness. The University offers opportunities
town planning are examples of inter and multi-
to students with an interest and passion for
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university does not exclude inter or multi-
ranking systems. TDU was founded to promote
disciplinary pursuits, it has simply encouraged
the generation of trans – disciplinary knowledge.
and added possibilities of pursuing cross cultural
Today the content of school and university
domains.
education in India as in most countries is largely
based on modern western cultural and intellectual It must be recognized that Trans-disciplinary
traditions. While Knowledge from any cultural VXEMHFWV RU IRU WKDW PDWWHU LQWHU DQG PXOWL
and intellectual source is potentially enlightening disciplinary domains) are nascent and evolving
within the limitations of its world view and because they are very recent endeavors in
methods of enquiry, it is certainly blinding to broadening the horizon of knowledge generation.
assume that any particular intellectual tradition, The exercise while pursuing a more holistic
however illuminating, provides the only or the best understanding is complex because at the interface
way of knowing nature. of disciplines, although they may deal with the
same or interrelated domain, they approach it
Every culture has generated knowledge of nature
from different perspectives, world views, logic
from its own world view and employed methods of
and different methods of enquiry. Thus managing
knowing that use the human sensory and mental
the differences and constructing meaningful
faculties in unique ways. A test of knowledge
EDUCATION AND
outcomes, without distorting the integrity of
systems generated by various cultures is their
SPORTS
participating disciplines is a challenge. In TDU
ability to equip knowledge holders to observe,
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classify, analyse and relate harmoniously with
focus of trans-disciplinary study but trans-
multiple facets of the constantly changing universe
in a manner that helps them to understand disciplinary study may encompass several domains
and deal with change and thus live in dynamic like mathematics, architecture, music, design,
equilibrium with all animate and inanimate forms ÀQH DUWV GDQFH DQG VR RQ 7KH VFRSH RI 7UDQV
of existence. The prevalence of a dominant mono disciplinary includes any domain where different
cultural orientation particularly in a university/ cultures have generated mature knowledge.
knowledge institution, is indeed a skewed The intent of TDU is to encourage students to
orientation because it implies that only one way of celebrate learning that expands the boundaries of
knowing is complete. In India the skew is evident the current mono cultural knowledge that limits
in the best of knowledge institutions, across formal education in India. The purpose of providing
various disciplines, due to the relatively recent a trans-disciplinary platform is to introduce TDU
political history of colonialism and its aftermath. students to the relevance, scope and excitement of
The inspiration for promoting trans-disciplinary cross cultural study.
education in TDU is to introduce students to Adichunchanagiri University ( ACU)
the value of multi-cultural and cross cultural The University is situated in a Lush Green Unitary
knowledge without undermining the value of Campus of 67 acres at B.G. Nagara, Nagamangala
knowledge derived from any particular cultural and
Tq., Mandya District, Karnataka on the Bengaluru
intellectual tradition. The term trans- disciplinary
– Mangaluru National Highway No. 75, 105 Kms
implies knowledge of the same domain from
from Bengaluru, the Capital City of Karnataka.
different cultural perspectives and world views.
The University consists of six Constituent colleges
Ayurveda–biology is an example of a new trans- 753
in the disciplines of Medicine, Pharmacy, Nursing,
Engineering, Management, Commerce and The Trust began its operations with Garden
Education. The environment friendly campus has City College of Science and Management Studies
adequate infrastructure and physical facilities which has an “A-Grade”, the highest conferred to
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
for Academics and Research. The campus an educational institution, when assessed by the
possesses around 5000 students, 400 teachers National Assessment and Accreditation Council
and 1800 support staff. The University employs (NAAC)-the premier accreditation body under the
a broad range of strategies to achieve its Vision, UGC consecutively in three cycles of accreditation.
0LVVLRQ DQG 2EMHFWLYHV WR H[SDQG WKH KRUL]RQ RI These institutions are ISO 9001:2008 and ISO
World Knowledge, Provide instruction, Teaching- FHUWLÀHG
Learning, Training, Research and Development In 2013, the Government of Karnataka passed
at the level of Higher Education in the faculties the “Garden City University Act”, taking into
of Health Sciences, Engineering and Technology, consideration the merits of the Garden City
Management and Technology, Humanities & Education Trust. The Garden City University Act
Social Sciences and other Emerging and Thrust received the assent of the Governor of Karnataka
areas. on 26th March 2013 and was published in the
Karnataka Gazette on 12th April 2013. A new
Value Systems: Imbibing moral values in one’s
university campus is being developed in a lush
life is very much essential for a peaceful and stress
JUHHQDUHDVSUHDGRYHUDFUHVRIODQGDGMDFHQW
free life. Sri Adichunchanagiri Mahasamsthana
to the Volvo manufacturing plant. This is a part of
Math (SACM) under the guidance of his holiness
the 150 acres township envisaged by Dr Joseph
6UL 0DKDVZDPLML ZDV DEOH WR LQLWLDWH PDQ\
V.G which would have Knowledge Parks, IT and
moral related programs and activities through
BT Parks, Hotels and Convention Halls, Shopping
the Math. Sri Math in association with Sri
Malls and Residential areas. Its vision and belief
Adichunchanagiri Shikshana Trust ® (SAST) that social development is an avenue for nation
conducts regular Character Building and Life building, is inculcated through our approach and
Skill, Personality Development, Value-Based our policies.
Cultural Programs, Leadership Training Courses
and Self Introspection Lessons wherein thousands Concept: At Garden City University, the primary
of boys and girls get trained and induced to focus is on revolutionising the outlook of
moral values in life. Moral values are conveyed to education in India by raising existing standards
youngsters and public through many discourses and elevating our students employability,
E\ WKH 3RRM\D 0DKDVZDPLML KLPVHOI DQG WKURXJK skills and knowledge. Our emphasis is on skill-
based education in order to make our students
other spiritual leaders from organizations like
employable globally. It ventures into this youthful
Ramakrishna Ashram, Art of Living and other
space where students in their quest for higher
eminent personalities and other religious Heads
education are able to assess their potential
and leaders.
and select a requisite study program. GCU is a
Garden City University learner centric University that allows its main
Garden City Education Trust was established VWDNHKROGHUV²LWV VWXGHQWV WKH ÁH[LELOLW\ DQG
in 1992 by Dr. Joseph V.G. with the support the responsibility to choose what they want to
of like-minded educationists like the Prof. study. GCU offers its students 6 different study
Shivarudrappa-former Dean, Karnatak University, routes:The Scholarly Route, The Managerial Route,
Dr. Hanumanthappa-former Vice Chancellor, The Skill based Route, The Research Route, The
Bangalore University, Prof V.B. Coutinho - Entrepreneurial Route and The Academic Route.
former Vice Chancellor, Gulbarga University and GCU stands by its motto of “Emphasis on
Prof. Rame Gowda-former Vice Chancellor of the Life” and works on both the Emotional Quotient
Karnataka State Open University. and the Intelligence Quotient of its students.
The Trust was established to set up centres for Emotional Quotient ensures that the learning is
educational excellence that would accept only multi -dimensional and the Teacher-Student bond
is epitomized. Intelligence Quotient encompasses
qualitative practices nurturing students with
754 value based education. learning from all angles, including learning from
and amongst peers, which stimulates creativity.
The GCU courses are modeled to achieve both of education adapting the questioning module
vertical and horizontal growth. This is to ensure at all its levels. Every aspect is dealt with on the
that students have the freedom to pick their core following principle-“Forecasting, Connecting,
FRXUVHVDQGWDNHXSVXEMHFWVWKDWPD\EHRXWVLGH Pursuing, Clarifying and Recounting”.
WKHLU ÀHOG RI VWXG\ 7KH FXUULFXOXP DW *DUGHQ
This principle instills in students a deeper sense
City University is designed in such a way, that it
of commitment both in terms of what they choose
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to study and in their potential careers.
involvement of its stakeholders in the process.
The presence of technology interventions at all ARM Strategy: With years of innovation and
levels will make study at GCU an exhilarating insight behind us, we strive to bring in radical
experience. changes in academic pedagogy, taking cue from
the ‘ARM Strategy’ introduced at Garden City
The exclusive Learning Management System
College. ARM stands for–Ambition, Resources and
is being heralded as a catalyst for change in the
Mentoring; where in, we help a student focus on
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their ambition, provide them adequate resources,
strengths. Rapid interactive tools and virtual/
and mentor them holistically so as help them
augmented reality based learning experiences
achieve their goals. We take our University Social
are additions that will give the students a
Responsibility (USR) very seriously and make it
comprehensive outlook to explore various learning
avenues. GCU will illustrate concepts envisaged mandatory for all stakeholders to respect the eco
and applied successfully at other institutions. system where the University is built and notably
Some of these practices include Management give back to society. The entire campus is built
Trainee Concept. with a green purpose integrating everything that
is needed to preserve the ecology and reduce our
Management Trainee concept: The carbon footprint. The culture of education here at
Management Trainee program aims at creating GCU is to foster positive emotions, build stronger
empowered managers with an inherent ability relationships and achieve a sense of purpose, in
WR OHDG FRQÀGHQWO\ DQG HQWKXVLDVWLFDOO\ ERWK DV line with our values and beliefs.
EDUCATION AND
individuals and as team players. A plethora of
2EMHFWLYHV 7KHODUJHUREMHFWVRIWKH8QLYHUVLW\DUH
SPORTS
events unfold throughout the year at GCU and
students from their inception manage the events To support, promote and undertake advancement
until their conclusion, under the guidance of a of an innovation in University Education leading
faculty convener. Students from various streams upto and including Post Graduate, Doctoral
are selected for the position of Management Trainee and Post-doctoral courses in Technical, Health,
(MT) and are allotted important responsibilities. Management, Life Sciences, Agriculture, Law and
These MTs then build a team of students around allied sectors and make provisions for research,
them and handle the events. The students gain advancement and dissemination of knowledge
LQFUHGLEOHÀUVWKDQGNQRZOHGJHGXULQJWKHSURFHVV LQFOXGLQJFRQVXOWDQF\LQWKHVHÀHOGV
of conducting these events. To collaborate with other Universities, research
Create (Culture, Region, Evolution and Tradition LQVWLWXWLRQV QRQSURÀW RUJDQL]DWLRQV LQGXVWU\
in Education) This concept was implemented to associations, professional associations or other
develop and improve “Practical Exposure Quotient organizations, to conceptualize, design, develop
(PEQ)” amongst both students and faculty and DQG RIIHU VSHFLÀF HGXFDWLRQDO DQG UHVHDUFK
EHQHÀWWLQJ DOO VWDNHKROGHUV WR H[KLELW EHWWHU programmes, training programmes and exchange
inter team coordination amongst departments. programmes for students, faculty members and
‘CREATE’ adds value to students in terms of soft others. To undertake collaborative research
skills and aligns them with our motto of Emphasis and advocacy with any organizations with prior
on Life. The ideation behind CREATE was, that approval of State Government.
every Department provide a faculty member and To disseminate and advance knowledge by
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providing instructional and research facilities
convener, to contribute to an event conducted by
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the University. GCU builds its robust universe 755
and in particular, to make special provisions
for integrated courses in Technical, Health, established in the year 1958 and registered in the
Management, Life Sciences, Agriculture, Law year 1966 under Mysore Societies Registration
and other Higher Educational Programmes of the Act 1960, by Late Padmashree Janab Syed Shah
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
University and to make appropriate measures for Muhammad Al Hussaini Saheb. Presently more
promoting interdisciplinary studies in research. than 24 educational institutions comprising of
Primary, Secondary and Higher Educational
To develop human resources to meet the demands
institutions are managed by this minority Society in
of high end technical and professional industries
.DODEXUDJL.KDMD(GXFDWLRQ6RFLHW\ZDVLQLWLDOO\
with research on future sustainable technologies
created to nurture the hopes and aspirations of
catering to engineering solutions and support
Muslim community. However its philanthropic
technology business and technology incubation.
approach and compassion for the unprivileged
To provide innovative system of University level
sections of the humanity has enabled it to provide
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path-breaking service since its existence. It has
and places of learning, combination of courses,
been working for the upliftment of all, irrespective
eligibility for enrolment, age of entry, conduct of
of caste, creed or religion.
examinations and operation of programmes with
a view to promoting access and equity in higher In the year 2007, Janab Dr. Syed Shah Khusro
learning besides encouraging excellence in new Hussaini ably succeeded his illustrious father
ÀHOGVRINQRZOHGJHDQGSODFLQJVSHFLDOHPSKDVLV Janab Syed Shah Muhammad Al Hussaini. Back
on both academic as well as application oriented with an impressive academic background Dr.
learning. Hussaini is an idealist with a keen eye for practical
To develop resource centres to contribute to details. It is the vision of Dr. Khusro Hussaini, the
quality education with prior approval of State 3UHVLGHQWRI.KDMD(GXFDWLRQ6RFLHW\WRHVWDEOLVKD
Government.To establish Campuses, Regional 8QLYHUVLW\E\QDPH´.KDMD%DQGDQDZD]8QLYHUVLW\
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at various locations in Karnataka and to contribute Educational Institutions run and managed by
and develop an understanding of educational .KDMD (GXFDWLRQ 6RFLHW\ ,W LV KLV HIIRUWV ZKLFK
change in Technical, Professional, general have now brought these institutions to the present
education and social and human development level. With the experience in running a number
with prior approval of Government. To institute RI+LJKHU(GXFDWLRQDO,QVWLWXWLRQVIRUQHDUO\ÀYH
GHJUHHVGLSORPDVFHUWLÀFDWHVDQGRWKHUDFDGHPLF decades, the management under the dynamic
distinctions like award of credits on the basis of leadership of Dr. Khusro Hussaini has thought it
successful completion of academic work evaluated ÀWWRHVWDEOLVKD3ULYDWH8QLYHUVLW\DW.DODEXUDJL
through multiple modern methods of assessment.
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To disseminate knowledge and develop a a Private University to the Government of
public debate on issues of education and Karnataka on 23rd Feb., 2017. The inspection of
DOOLHG GHYHORSPHQW ÀHOGV WKURXJK VHPLQDUV the Higher Educational Institutes of the Society
conferences, executive education programmes, was conducted by the Screening Committee
community development programmes and constituted by the Higher Education Department
training programmes and events. To undertake of Government of Karnataka. After satisfying
programmes for development and training of with the basic infrastructure and requirements
faculty and researchers of the University in available with the institutions of the society,
partnership with any other University of quality WKH *RYHUQPHQW RI .DUQDWDND SDVVHG WKH .KDMD
with prior approval of the State Government.To Bandanawaz University Bill 2018 in both the
undertake necessary or expedient action to pursue houses of Legislature.
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The Bill received the assent of His Excellency
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the Governor of Karnataka on 19th April, 2018
Government for the enhancement of education
and published in the Karnataka Gazettee Extra-
and other development sectors in India.
ordinary on 21st April, 2018. After the Gazettee
Khaja Bandanawaz University (KBNU), 1RWLÀFDWLRQRI*RYHUQPHQWRI.DUQDWDNDEHDULQJ
756 Kalaburagi. 7KH .KDMD (GXFDWLRQ 6RFLHW\ ZDV No. ED 244 URC 2018 dated 23rd August, 2018
WKH .KDMD %DQGDQDZD] 8QLYHUVLW\ FDPH LQWR live, learn and play in the sprawling University
existence. The Government of Karnataka vide its town, nestled on a plateau in Karnataka’s Udupi
QRWLÀFDWLRQ 1R (' 85& GDWHG district. It also has nearly 2500 faculty and
2019 granted permanent Minority Status to the almost 10000 other support and service staff,
.KDMD %DQGDQDZD] 8QLYHUVLW\ 7KH 0DQDJLQJ who cater to the various professional institutions
&RPPLWWHH RI WKH 6SRQVRULQJ %RG\ LH .KDMD in health sciences, engineering, management,
Education Society in its meeting held on 27th communication and humanities which dot the Wi-
August, 2018 resolved to appoint His Holiness Fi-enabled campus.
Dr. Syed Shah Khusro Hussaini as the First The University has off-campuses in Mangaluru
Chancellor of the University. and Bengaluru, and off-shore campuses
7KH .KDMD %DQGDQDZD] 8QLYHUVLW\ LV D \RXQJ in Dubai(UAE) and Melaka (Malaysia). The
institution, has been established on 23rd August Mangaluru campus offers medical, dental,and
2018 by the Karnataka State Government nursing programs. The Bengaluru Campus
Legislation Act (No.18 of 2018). It has been founded offers programs in Regenerative Medicine. The
Dubai campus offers programs in engineering,
by the Chancellor Janab Dr. Syed Shah Khusro
management and architecture, and the Melaka
Hussaini whose resolute determination has seen
campus offers programs in medicine and
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dentistry. Every institute has world class facilities
Padma Shree Hazrath Syed Shah Muhammad Al-
and pedagogy, which are constantly reviewed
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developments in higher education.
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the aim of providing quality education to the youth
like the Simulation Lab with computer driven
of the region. The aim is to promote intellectual Manikins, an Innovation Centre, one of Asia’s
growth among the student and to encourage largest health sciences libraries, one of the world’s
research and learning. The institutions bears the best anatomy museums, a business incubation
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Gisudaraz who encouraged learning, tolerance with several universities in the US, UK, Australia
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University is situated in a region of historic and international exposure and expertise.
cultural relevance and Kalaburagi has been
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the aspirants, Students and Teachers towards
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this great vision of academic excellence of the
belief that a healthy mind needs a healthy body.
University.
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to its students, like the state-of-the art Innovation 3DFLÀF4XDOLW\$ZDUGLQ7KH0DQLSDO
Centre. Other facilities on the campus include Group, a pioneer in higher education services
gym, swimming pools, and football and cricket with a 60-year-old legacy of excellence, also owns
grounds. The indoor complex, Marena, is perhaps and operates campuses in Sikkim and Jaipur in
one of its kind in Asia. The complex has badminton India, and in Nepal, Malaysia, and Antigua, in the
courts, squash courts, tennis courts, basketball Caribbean.
court, gymnasiums, walking track etc. All these Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana
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higher education programs. It is also the First ISO
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the University.
envisioned to prevent and treat modern NCDs,
long-term rehabilitation and to promote Positive Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education
+HDOWK 2IIHULQJ ZHOO GHVLJQHG <RJD &RXUVHV LQ and Research (SDUAHER), Kolar. In the year
69<$6$ ZH QRZ KDYH 3K'V 06FV DQG 1984, a group of dedicated and like-minded
RYHUVWXGHQWVLQYDULRXVEUDQFKHV69<$6$ visionaries headed by Shri.R.L.Jalappa, a
DQG9<$6$KDYHWKHLUFDPSXV.PVDZD\IURP champion of Co-operative movement in the
the center of Bengaluru. The campus is called VWDWH RI .DUQDWDND HVWDEOLVKHG 6UL 'HYDUDM 8UV
Prashanti Kutiram, the Abode of Peace. Lying in Educational Trust for Backward Classes with the
the lap of nature amidst greenery, the campus lies focus on provisioning of Medical Education and
sprawling over 100 acres. The campus is about 14 6RFLDO 6HUYLFHV 7KH WUXVW VWDUWHG 6UL 'HYDUDM
Kms from the bountiful Bannerughatta National Urs Medical College at Tamaka, Kolar, in the
3DUN 69<$6$ KDV DQ H[KDXVWLYH <RJD /LEUDU\ year 1986. Through this college, the trust sought
with a good collection of 15000 books, videos and WR PDNH D VLJQLÀFDQW FRQWULEXWLRQ WR 0HGLFDO
books. the digital library has a few thousand on- Education, Research and Health Care to rural
population. The college is located 5 Km away from
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The trust in its stride for attainment of quality feedback from the stakeholders. The university has
in education and Health Care Services has established a Department of Medical Education
obtained accreditation for its Medical College by (UDOME) to train the trainers in the processes
National Assessment and Accreditation Council of curriculum development as well as teaching
1$$& ,QGLD DQG &HUWLÀFDWLRQ E\ ,62 learning and evaluation modalities. All the
LQWKH\HDU6UL'HYDUDM8UV0HGLFDO Undergraduate and Postgraduate courses offered
College is one of the few medical colleges in India under the Faculty of Medicine are recognized
to have achieved these remarkable dual feats of by Medical Council of India. The college is also
accreditation as early as in 2006. recognized by the Malaysian Medical Council
since the academic year 2009-10.
This inspired the Trust to apply for Deemed
University status for this college in the name The Departments under the Faculty of
DQG VW\OH RI 6UL 'HYDUDM 8UV $FDGHP\ RI +LJKHU Allied Health Sciences offer Doctoral, M.Phil.
Education and Research, comprising of Sri Postgraduate and Undergraduate programmes.
'HYDUDM 8UV 0HGLFDO &ROOHJH 7KH 8QLYHUVLW\ The Department of Allied Health Sciences
Grants Commission conducted an inspection conducts vocational programs in six specialities
LQ $SULO DQG DIWHU EHLQJ VDWLVÀHG ZLWK WKH and the Department of Cell Biology and Molecular
infrastructure facility and teaching facilities, Genetics offers innovative courses viz., M.Sc.
recommended to the Ministry of Human Resource in Molecular Biology and Human Genetics,
Development, Govt. of India, to confer ‘Deemed Postgraduate Diploma in Genomic Technology,
to be University’ status to this medical college. M.Phil. in Molecular Cell Biology and Medical
Accordingly, the Ministry of Human Resource Genetics and Ph.D. in Molecular Biology and
Development, Govt. of India, conferred Deemed Cytogenetic Studies. In addition, the university
to be University status under Section 3 of UGC also offers postgraduate programmes on Library
Act 1956 to the Medical College on 25th May and Information Science (MLISc) and in Public
2007, vide Ministry of Human Resource and Health (MPH) under the aegis of same faculty.
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No.F.9-36/2006-U 3(A) dated 25th May 2007.
EDUCATION AND
of Complementary and Alternative Systems of
The establishments of the University and the Medicine (CAM) in medical practice world over,
SPORTS
constituent institution are co-located at Tamaka the university has established the Department of
village, Kolar and spread over more than 72 acres Integrative Medicine recently to provide holistic
of lush green campus with several buildings to health care facilities to the patients suffering
accommodate the medical college, administrative from chronic diseases. The department offers
RIÀFHV WHDFKLQJWUDLQLQJ IDFLOLWLHV KRVSLWDO DQG 3RVW *UDGXDWH 'LSORPD LQ <RJD 3UDFWLFH 7KH
hostels with a total built up area of over 1.17 lakh regulations and curricula for the courses offered
sq m. Currently, the university has two faculties under the faculty of Allied Health Sciences are
of studies viz; Faculty of Medicine and Faculty designed and developed in-house by relevant
of Allied Health Sciences. The medical college bodies taking into consideration the skills and
conducts Under Graduate Degree (MBBS), Post competencies to be acquired by the students of
Graduate Degrees (M.D./M.S.), Post Graduate each discipline of study.
Diploma courses, Doctoral Programmes in
The teaching hospital of the University,
Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry, Microbiology,
R.L.Jalappa Hospital and Research Centre
Pathology, Ophthalmology, E.N.T. and Fellowship
provides secondary and tertiary level health
Programmes in Head and Neck Surgical Oncology
care to the rural and urban population of the
as well as Oral surgical Oncology.
Kolar district and also to the denizens from the
The University has developed regulations, bordering areas of the neighboring states of
curricula/syllabi for MBBS, Postgraduate (M.D./ Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. It has a well-
M.S.) and Postgraduate Diploma Courses as per equipped Trauma Care Centre and ICU backed by
the policy guidelines laid down by the Medical CT and MRI scanning facilities. The mandate of
Council of India, New Delhi. While core curriculum the university is to develop trained manpower of
DVSHUUHJXODWRU\ERGLHVLVUHWDLQHGPRGLÀFDWLRQV medical and allied health professionals to cater to
759
of curriculum required are done after obtaining the needs of the community and provide service
to the needy rural population. It also has set up Currently, the deemed university comprises
an Outpatient Unit at Kolar town and renders only the medical college. Steps are in progress for
committed outreach service to the disadvantaged inclusion of R.L.Jalappa Institute of Technology,
KARNATAKA
through conduct of free medical camps at remote
HAND BOOK OF
Kodigehally, Doddaballapura (off campus) and Sri
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future expansion the Hospital will have a new under the ambit of the deemed to be university.
Operation Theatre Complex with 12 Operation Since its inception in 2007 the University has
Theatres, a new ICU complex and a new Dialysis added on several academic and administrative
Unit by early next year. The teaching Hospital has GHSDUWPHQWVEHÀWWLQJWRLWVIXQFWLRQLQJ
Entry level NABH accreditation as well as SAFEi
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by NAAC with a CGPA 2.66 Grade – B. facilities for research for the advancement and
dissemination of knowledge. Career prospects:
The University has initiated several steps for SDUAHER implement effectively innovative
the improvement of quality in research activities programmes in teaching learning and evaluation.
and has established linkages with institutions of Superb Campus: SDUAHER provides need based
repute towards achieving this, Junior Research infrastructure and facilities to students to become
Fellowship and Seed Grant Schemes have been responsible professionals with social commitment
in place. The Genomic and Central Research
and accountability.
Facilities created by the University promote
diagnostics and research activities in the area First-class facilities: 7R LPSDUW VFLHQWLÀF DQG
of genetic disorders. The centre has a number socio cultural temperament among students to
of sophisticated equipment for cytogenetic and forge National identity and needs & To undertake
molecular diagnosis. The University department extra mural studies, consultancy, extension
of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics has SURJUDPPHV DQG ÀHOG RXWUHDFK VHUYLFHV IRU
done commendable research work on congenital the development of society. Strong academic
anomalies and the department has been community: To undertake need based activities
recognized by ICMR as a training centre in genetics for the betterment of socially and educationally
IRUPHGLFDOIDFXOW\VLQFHIRUDSHULRGRIÀYH backward society.
years.
The Yenepoya Deemed to be University,
The trust in its stride for attainment of quality Mangaluru. In 1991, the Islamic Academy of
in education and health care services to its stake HGXFDWLRQDQRWIRUSURÀWWUXVWFRPPLWWHGWRWKH
holders has obtained Accreditation by National upliftment of minorities in general and Muslims
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to have achieved this remarkable feat. Dental college. Within a short span of time, the
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University status for this college in the name in 1992; recognized under section 3(A) of the
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Commission of India conducted an inspection 7UXVWODXQFKHGWKH<HQHSR\D,QVWLWXWHRI1XUVLQJ
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the infrastructure and teaching facilities, WKH <HQHSR\D 1XUVLQJ &ROOHJH
recommended to the Ministry of Human Resource DQG WKH <HQHSR\D 3K\VLRWKHUDS\ &ROOHJH
Development, Govt. of India to confer Deemed All these colleges offer Graduate, Postgraduate,
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From its inception, the management dreamt of
Development, Govt. of India conferred deemed to
be university status to the Medical College on 25th providing quality higher education, and towards
760 May 2007. this goal hired the best in their profession. In a
healthy campus with natural surroundings, the acquired and new knowledge generated for
trust raised buildings designed to bring out the the development of the community in health
best learning environs, in the distant suburbs of management.
Mangaluru.
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The Islamic Academy of Education in its quest in the forefront of the top Universities in India
towards excellence in professional education in Health Sciences, while contributing to the
decided to sponsor the formation of a new trust development of health care sector through
with the sole purpose of creating a Deemed-to-be quality education, health care delivery to the
University (2007). Recognizing the yeoman service rural masses, translational medical research and
provided over the years by these institutions, the creating leaders who can contribute to national
Ministry of Human Resource Development, Union development.
of India, on the recommendation of the University
Goals & Objectives: To be at the forefront of
Grants Commission granted recognition to
innovation by consistently updating curriculum,
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course content and practices, enabling the
University status under section 3A of the UGC
students to be competent and well versed in the
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effective transaction of the course contents. To
nearly 3000 students. The University campus
complement classroom learning with interactive
located in Nithyananda Nagar, Deralakatte has
learning systems and hands on training by
been accorded with all modern infrastructure
creating a collaborative Industry University
facilities that include fully furnished classrooms,
Interface. Provide freedom to continuously reform
well-maintained science laboratories, residential
health evaluation systems and be at the forefront
quarters for staff and separate lodging facilities
of innovation to enable and incorporate best
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practices in teaching learning. To promote research
to be University is yet to unfold and greater
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achievements are around the corner. To prove that
EDUCATION AND
the faculty and students by inculcating ethical
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principles in research.To facilitate knowledge
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exchange by organizing seminars, symposia,
has been accredited by NAAC with “A” grade and
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CGPA points of 3.14 during November 2015. The
facilitate communication and collaboration with
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academia, industry and society in basic research
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and health related issues. To create advanced
Karnataka by K-SURF, Government of Karnataka
centers of research by developing state-of-the-
2016 and ranked in top 100 (95th) in range in
art facilities and meaningful collaborations.
NIRF of MHRD, Govt. of Indian Universities
To sensitize the students towards the social
category in the country.
responsibilities by incorporating value education
Vision, Mission, Goals and Objectives of the system. To extend the University services to the
Institution: Vision: To provide access to quality community for building a healthy, empowered
higher education in health sciences and related and sustainable society. To build human
areas, ensuring equity, to create a vibrant resources and develop technologies to respond
knowledge capital and to create inspiring leaders to the professional needs of the society. To take
of tomorrow who can take this country to the up extension and outreach programs to serve the
forefront of the developed nations. Mission: To community in health related areas.
foster academic excellence and global competencies
The University has been accredited by NAAC
among students in health profession. To create an
with “A” grade (CGPA points - 3.14 on a four- point
environment for the generation of new knowledge
scale) in 2015. University has been awarded as
through meaningful research, adopting latest
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methods of pedagogy and incorporating modern
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principles of academics integrated with highest
Karnataka 2017. Ranked the Third Best University
ethical standards. To extend the knowledge 761
under young Universities Category in Karnataka
(K-SURF), by Department of Higher Education, with its internationally trained faculty having
Government of Karnataka in 2017.Placed in multidisciplinary expertise is involved in research
the range of 100 to 150 NIRF under University and training in emerging areas of the biomedical
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
category.150 to 200 in overall category among ÀHOG
all higher educational institutions in the country
Research areas Biotechnology, Toxicology,
in 2017. The Clinical Laboratory of the medical
Cancer Therapeutics, Stem cells and regenerative
college teaching hospital has been accredited by
medicine, Bioinformatics, Nanobiotechnology,
NABL in 2017. Granted Pre - Accreditation Entry
Genetics and molecular biology, Infectious
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diseases, Neuropharmacology, Polymers for drug
Medical College Hospital from NABH in 2017. The
design, Application of statistics in research, Image
constituent colleges have undergone and awarded
analysis and machine learning, Omics technologies
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and molecular diagnosis, Cell signalling, Disease
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biology, Systems biology, Molecular medicine and
has participated in the “Swachhta” Ranking 2017
Novel biomarkers.
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Ashok Hotel, New Delhi, on 14th September 2017. Facilities available: Mass Spectrometer for
Awarded the FERCAP (Forum for Ethics Review proteomic (Orbitrap Fusion Tribrid). Mass
&RPPLWWHHVIRU$VLD3DFLÀF5HJLRQ DFFUHGLWDWLRQ Spectrometer for MRM (AB SCIEX QTRAP 6500 –
in 2016. The Department of Orthodontics, ACA Mass Spectrometer). Fluorescence Activated
Prosthodontics and Oral Pathology was the Cell Sorter (FACS S3e cell sorter- Bio-Rad). Guava
recipient of the Best Guide National Award for easy Cyte Flow Cytometer with two laser and six
Academic Excellence on 18th September 2015 at colours. RT- PCR / Regular Thermocycler.Gel
New Delhi. The University has also been recognized Documentation system, multimode multiwall plate
as SIRO by DSIR Govt. of India. University was readers, spectrophotometers.CO2 incubators.
awarded the Skill Tree Great Place to Study (2014- Class II, Type A2 Biological Safety Cabinet of
16) for following quality practices in the Education various capacities. Ultra - High Performance Liquid
Domain at the House of Commons, London, UK, FKURPDWRJUDSK\ 6\VWHP 8+3/& 6<67(0
on 24th July 2014. The University has received Advanced microscope and imaging systems. Ultra
awards for its Environmental Consciousness deep freezers and other laboratory equipments.
and Service from the State/Central Governments Animal housing facilities (with IVC system)/
and District Administration on 2015. Member essing/histology and immunohistochemistry
of Association of Indian Universities (AIU). facilities.
Recognition of courses by Govt. of Malaysia and
BLDE (Deemed to be University), Vijayapura.
Republic of Iran & Maldives.Member of APMLA of
BLDE (Deemed to be University) is one of the
South Asia.
reputed universities in Karnataka providing
<HQHSR\D5HVHDUFK&HQWUH <5& ZDVHVWDEOLVKHG education in various medical courses. Housed in
LQ LQ <HQHSR\D 8QLYHUVLW\<5& VWULYHV DVSUDZOLQJFDPSXVDW%LMDSXU QRZ9LMD\DSXUD
towards strengthening the research activities, in Karnataka, it was declared a University under
establishing the research facilities and building Section 3 of the UGC Act 1956, and approved by
capacity among students and research scholars. the Ministry of Human Resource Development. It
7KHFHQWUHKDVWKHPDMRUDLPRIHQJDJLQJLQKLJK has been established under BLDE Association, a
quality research activities in the interdisciplinary/ renowned educational society, running more than
multidisciplinary areas and training human 75 institutions in the state.
resource to take up research studies to meet
The constituent college of the BLDE (Deemed
contemporary challenges. The research centre
to be University), Shri B M Patil Medical College
has been nurturing several PhD scholars, with
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alumni having placements in established national
established in the year 1986 by BLDE Association
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Association). Shri B. M. Patil Medical College
facilities for carrying out research in the forefront
has been offering UG Programme-MBBS (with
areas of proteomics, molecular medicine, stem
762 an intake of 150 students), PG Programmes in
cell and regenerative medicine. The centre
18 disciplines, PG Super Specialty Programme in administrative activities. To promote staff-student
Urology (M.Ch.), PhD Programme in 12 disciplines welfare programmes. To promote public-private
and Innovative courses like Fellowship, Diploma SDUWQHUVKLS LQ YDULRXV ÀHOGV LQFOXGLQJ KHDOWK
DQG &HUWLÀFDWH &RXUVHV LQ 0HGLFDO DQG $OOLHG care. To provide for interaction in training and
Sciences. research programmes with concerned national
or international institutes such as University
Shri B. M. Patil Medical College’s research has
UHFHLYHG VLJQLÀFDQW WKUXVW DIWHU EHLQJ FRQIHUUHG / Board / R & D Organizations / Centers of
with the Deemed to be University status. This has excellence such as ICMR, AIIMS, NIMHANS,
resulted in enhanced MoUs and Collaborations etc. To introduce the short-term courses for the
with reputed Universities and research institutes. DZDUG RI 3* 'LSORPD DQG FHUWLÀFDWHV IURP WKH
$ JRRG QXPEHU RI UHVHDUFK SURMHFWV DGGUHVVLQJ proposed University. To evolve distance education
social healthcare problems have been taken up programmes or modularly designed programmes
and are yielding information which will be of direct leading to degrees that can be awarded on a credit-
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Journal with international academics on Editorial system. To create an academic and administrative
Board is being published by Wolters-Kluwer. structure in tune with the changing needs of the
society, to enable the growth of each institution
Objectives: To provide for instruction and training
of the University into a centre of excellence. To
in such branches of learning and education as it
promote and sustain international collaborations
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with institutions, including twinning programs
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and award of degrees/diplomas. To bring in all
activities to contribute to the development of
aspects of creative human activities in medical
society. To do all such other acts and things
and allied sciences such as art. To organise and
as may be necessary or desirable to further the
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medical and health sciences or any other branches debates and exhibitions in matters relating to
that will imbibe human qualities in our students education. To give awards, prizes and scholarships
to enable them to practice medicine and health WR SURPRWH WKH REMHFWLYHV7R IRUP FHQWUHV DW
EDUCATION AND
care prudently and equitably. To endeavour FRQYHQLHQW SODFHV DQG SURPRWH WKH REMHFWLYHV
SPORTS
to improve the quality of undergraduate and To promote education research, training and
postgraduate education by providing necessary professional development in medical, bio-medical
infrastructure and learning resources required. or any branches of education.To collaborate with
To encourage the use of learner-oriented methods individuals or universities outside India for the
that would cultivate logical thinking, clarity of purpose of research, education and extension
H[SUHVVLRQ LQGHSHQGHQFH RI MXGJPHQW VFLHQWLÀF of knowledge. Assist the government in the
habits, problem-solving abilities, self-initiated formation and implementation of policies relating
self-directed and life learning. To encourage to health promotion. To promote educational
innovations in education, teaching methods, activities inhabitat related environmental issues
student assessment and extension service. To such as human waste management, hospital
provide an educational experience that allows and other medical waste management. To
hands-on-experience both in institutional as promote educational activities inhabitat related
well as in a community setting. To encourage environmental issues such as pollution, energy
WKH GHYHORSPHQW RI VFLHQWLÀF WHPSHU DFTXLUH and its conservation. Shri B M Patil Medical
HGXFDWLRQDO H[SHULHQFH IRU SURÀFLHQF\ LQ WKH College Central Library was established in 1986.
profession, and promote healthy living. To Apart from the main Shri B M Patil Medical
continually display sensitivity and respond to College library, it has also departmental libraries.
changing educational, social, and community The primary mission of the Shri B M Patil Medical
needs. To enable to become exemplary citizens College library is to support the educational and
by observation of the moral and ethical code of teaching programs of the college by providing
FRQGXFW DQG IXOÀOOLQJ VRFLDO DQG SURIHVVLRQDO physical and intellectual access to information.
needs as to respond to national aspirations.
To plan and implement transparency and The Shri B M Patil Medical College library
accountability in the governance of academic and building has a built-up area of 2400 sq. m. with a 763
huge collection of 18,404 books and 177 annual with International Rank band between 401–
VXEVFULSWLRQ MRXUQDOV ,W FDQ DFFRPPRGDWH 500 this year out of 1258 institutions worldwide,
students at a time. The Shri B M Patil Medical and among the top 3 universities in India out
KARNATAKA
College library aims to develop a comprehensive
HAND BOOK OF
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collection of documents useful for the faculty and Ranking by (THE) World University Ranking
student of the college and to serve as a resource (2019) JSS AHER is under rank band 251-300 in
centre for the Health Science Information. Shri B M WKH ZRUOG DQG VW LQ ,QGLD XQGHU WKH VXEMHFW
Patil Medical College library is also subscribed for Clinical, Pre-Clinical & Health. The institution
Proquest Health Complete Database. The collection has also been ranked 64th in The Times Higher
of the library includes Books (print and digital Education Emerging Economies University
formats), Journals (print and digital formats), SC/ Rankings 2019.
ST book bank collection, Dissertations, Proquest
Health Complete Database, CD-ROMS, Video JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research
Cassettes, Back volumes of Journals and WHO has been awarded QS 4-Stars rating in
Publications. The annual budget of the Shri B M excellence by QS - Quacquarelli Symonds from
Patil Medical College library is over Rs. 1.64 Crore WKH 8. LQ ,W LV DOVR WKH ÀUVW LQVWLWXWLRQ LQ
rupees. the state of Karnataka to receive this recognition
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JSS Academy of Higher Education &
Science based Institution in India. Department
Research, Mysuru. JSS Academy of Higher
of Higher Education, Government of Karnataka
Education & Research, formerly known as JSS
rated JSS Academy of Higher Education &
University, is a Deemed to be University located
Research, Mysuru as a four-star institution with
in Mysuru, Karnataka. It was established in 2008
D 6FRUH RI RXW RI DQG ZDV ÀUVW DPRQJ
under Section 3 of the UGC Act 1956 and is part
<RXQJ 8QLYHUVLWLHV LQ .DUQDWDND LQ -66
of JSS Mahavidyapeetha, which runs a variety
Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS
of educational institutions. This deemed-to-be
AHER) is focused on medical and health-related
university is recognized by MHRD and accredited
studies, and comprises JSS Medical College,
by NAAC with A+ Grade (3.47 CGPA). JSS AHER
JSS Dental College & Hospital and JSS College
has been graded as Category-IDeemed-to-be
of Pharmacy at the main campus in Mysuru as
8QLYHUVLW\E\8*&LQWKH<HDU
well as another pharmacy college in Ootacamund,
The Deemed to be University has been focusing Tamil Nadu. With a view to extend the horizons
on teaching, research and health services since LQ WKH ÀHOG RI +HDOWK 6FLHQFHV WKH 'HSDUWPHQW
its inception. Under the leadership and gracious of Water and Health (Faculty of Life Sciences)
Patronage and Blessings of His Holiness Jagadguru and Department of Health System Management
6UL 6KLYDUDWKUL 'HVKLNHQGUD 0DKDVZDPLML Studies have been integrated as Deemed-to-be
the Chancellor of JSS Academy of Higher Education University Departments.
& Research and Vice Chancellor, Dr.B.Suresh, a
noted multifaceted leader of repute, the Deemed Today, more than 600 faculty members instruct
to be University has made great progress in approximately 2000 undergraduate and graduate
grooming graduates, postgraduates, and PhD students and around 300 research scholars. JSS
researchers by providing effective value based $+(5JHQHURXVÀQDQFLDODLGSURJUDPHQVXUHVWKDW
education across the institutions by focusing talented students from all economic backgrounds
on overall development of an individual through can afford quality education. A vast range of
state-of-art facilities to make the learner a useful educational, cultural, social and extra-curricular
citizen to the society. activities are available to students, faculty and
staff. Campus life activities are built around the
National Institutional Ranking Framework
concepts of encouraging each member to express
(NIRF), MHRD ranked JSS Academy of Higher
his or her talents and to respect all members of
Education and Research 37th rank among 957
our pluralistic culture.
Universities in India in 2018. Times Higher
Education (THE) World University Ranking JSS AHER has also played a pivotal role in
2019 announced on 26th September 2018 credits HQVXULQJ WKDW WKH VWXGHQWV DQG IDFXOW\ EHQHÀW
764 JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research through wide-ranging international tie-ups.
The institutions have collaborations with Drug Research and Testing (CADRAT) of the
reputed universities, industrial and research pharmacy college is recognized for its expertise
organizations. These include International in industrial/academic consultancy that provides
collaboration with La Trobe University- Australia, opportunity for problem-based learning.
Khon Kaen University -Thailand, University of
JSS AHER has a sharp focus on attracting
Southern Nevada and Long Island University
the best researchers and research scholars by
- USA, AIMST University – Malaysia, Howard
providing them with comprehensive support
University - Washington DC, University of Illinois
and motivation. Internationally renowned
at Chicago - USA, AlfaGene Biosciences Inc –
academicians, management experts, corporate
USA, National Institutes of Health - USA, Oman
consultants and entrepreneurs have always been
Medical College – Oman, etc.
associated with us helping us make great strides
A wide range of international study and research in research as well as enhancing the employability
opportunities are available to both undergraduate of our students. Industry interaction at JSS
and graduate students, including the chance AHER is of a high degree, thanks to its world-
to conduct research abroad. JSS AHER also class Advisory Board consisting of top-notch
supports the students interested in individual or leaders in academics and research from across
JURXS FXUULFXODU SURMHFWV DEURDG ,QWHUQDWLRQDO the world. Our alumni as CEOs, Entrepreneurs,
alumni groups help the JSS AHER to build and leading academicians/researchers are our
global networks. Multidimensional partnerships brand ambassadors both nationally and globally.
with faculty and institutions around the world
Outreach programs inculcate the social and
KHOS IRVWHU WKH ÁRZ RI LGHDV )DFXOW\ PHPEHUV
professional responsibilities while personality
collaborate with colleagues throughout the world
development programs, sports, cultural and
to carry out important, cutting-edge research
literary activities facilitate holistic development
under various scholarships.
of students. Thus, JSS Academy of Higher
The research outputs have supported high Education & Research cater to Medical, Dental,
LPSDFW SXEOLFDWLRQ LQ SUHPLHU VFLHQWLÀF MRXUQDOV Pharmacy, Life sciences and Health system
EDUCATION AND
and have contributed new knowledge to the management professionals with knowledge,
understanding of newer drugs, therapy and skills and competencies at global standards with
SPORTS
treatment through innovations and patent. There imbibed core values of respect, professionalism,
is a wealth of knowledge that is being generated leadership and social responsibilities to meet
HYHU\ VLQJOH GD\ LQ WKH ÀHOG RI PROHFXODU ELRORJ\ the health care needs of mankind. The JSS
through the centre of excellence of Molecular institutions have had a long-standing legacy in
Biology and Natural Product Research to address advancing education with both the preparation
important societal problems. JSS AHER combines of educators and the advancement of research
leading medical research and compassionate and scholarship. Renowned as a destination of
patient care to face the world’s most pressing learning, research and service the reputation of
PHGLFDOFKDOOHQJHV0DMRU5HVHDUFK*UDQWVIURP JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research
National Funding Agencies reveal the quality of has become synonymous with quality education
the programs offered. in India and abroad.
Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education JSS AHER has also broadened its physical
$&3( 86$ FHUWLÀFDWLRQ IRU RXU 3KDUP ' boundaries through overseas campuses and
programme and accreditation from National centres. Spanning 3 international locations, these
Board of Accreditation (NBA) and ISO-9001:2015 venues enhance opportunities for collaboration
FHUWLÀFDWLRQ UHÁHFWV RQ WKH TXDOLW\ HGXFDWLRQ with universities, research institutes, and cultural
system both nationally and internationally. TIFAC- organizations abroad; meet the needs of a growing
CORE in herbal drugs approved by DST, BA/BE number of faculty and students for research
centre approved by DCGI, Drug Testing Laboratory support and other opportunities; and engage
approved by State Government, Faculty Training alumni throughout each region. Today, the JSS
Centre, Industry Institution Interaction Cell, AHER’s interdisciplinary approach to world-
Entrepreneurship Cell approved by AICTE are the changing research and insatiable commitment
765
active centres of research. Centre for Advanced to rigorous inquiry remain core values and help
OHDG WKH FRXQWU\ LQ VFLHQWLÀF DQG WHFKQRORJLFDO to face the challenges of health care in present
innovation. The Institution is also sparking change ZRUOG 0DMRU UHVHDUFK JUDQWV ,QVWLWXWLRQDO
that will impact the future generations to come rating & ranking, Accreditation from national
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
by working in partnership with policymakers and and international agencies reveals the quality of
practitioners worldwide, bringing improvements research and the standard of the programs offered
to people’s lives in real time. JSS AHER embraces by JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research.
the challenges of the 21st Century by building
Sri Siddhartha Academy of Higher Education,
new bridges across old boundaries. These
Tumakuru. Sri Siddhartha Academy of Higher
bridges include new educational programs and
Education, (declared as Deemed to be University
interdisciplinary studies, strategic partnerships
under Section 3 of the UGC Act, 1956 ) Tumkuru,
with private and public R&D centres that pool
was established vide MHRD GOI No. F.9-
resources and promote innovative research and 31/2006-U.3 (A) dated: 30/05/2008 of Govt. of
new international relationships. India. Sri Siddhartha Medical College and Sri
JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research Siddhartha Dental College have been functioning
(JSSAHER) provides holistic and quality education as constituent colleges of Sri Siddhartha Academy
to support the present age of momentum of of Higher Education since 01/06/2008. Further
knowledge and innovation, as we believe the key to DV SHU *RYW RI ,QGLD QRWLÀFDWLRQ YLGH 1R )
success lies with diversity of knowledge, discovery 31/2006-U.3(A) Dtd. 16/12/2008, the UGC in
of ideas and the ability to create new opportunities. exercise of the powers conferred by Section 3
JSSAHER provides a cohesive environment for of the UGC Act, 1956, included Sri Siddhartha
advanced teaching and learning with innovative Institute of Technology, Maralur, Tumkur, as
research to support the growth of excellent an off-campus constituent teaching unit of
healthcare professionals in many disciplines. Sri Siddhartha Academy of Higher Education,
It is known nationally and internationally for Tumakuru with effect from 06/03/2009.
its service and commitment to the society in Sri Siddhartha Education Society: (SSES) was
providing affordable education and health care. founded by late Sri H M Gangadharaiah also
The remarkable growth of the institution in a short the founder secretary of the society, with the
span of time is due to; Eminent Leadership, Good blessings of saint and seer, the father of “Bhoodan
Governance, Academic excellence, Experienced movement” Sri Vinobha Bhave in 1959, has made
Faculty, National and International Student DOHDSLQWKHÀHOGRIHGXFDWLRQ7KH6RFLHW\ZKLFK
diversity, Research excellence, Infrastructure started as a residential school in a village near
that meets the needs of the academics, research, tumkur then established several nursery, primary
extension and student support. and high schools including Pali schools in the
later years. It further expanded its domain to
The faculty and students are engaged in outreach
Technical, Medical and Dental Education. Today
programs and community service, which inculcate
the total number of institutions runs by the
the social and professional responsibilities.
Society crosses 85 with a total students strength
Industry - Academia partnerships empowers
of more than 16000 and staff strength 1800. The
young entrepreneurs, interaction with leading
PDLQ REMHFWLYH RI WKH VRFLHW\ LV WR ´5($&+ 7+(
industrialists and smooth campus to corporate
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transition. International alumni groups help
to build global networks. The research outputs Sri Siddhartha has grown to be the hub of higher
with national & international collaborations have education with excellent teaching facilities and
contributed to the innovations, publications KLJKO\TXDOLÀHGDQGH[SHULHQFHGWHDFKLQJIDFXOW\
and patents related to newer drugs, therapy, :LWKGLYHUVLÀHGSURIHVVLRQDOFRXUVHVWKHUDQJHRI
treatment and medical devices. Wealth of VXEMHFWVLVZLGHJLYLQJDJRRGFKRLFHWRWKHVWXGHQWV
knowledge generated through the centre of seeking admission here. Leadership always plays
excellence of Molecular Biology, Clinical research, a vital role in this process and was carefully
Pharmacovigilance and Natural Product Research nurtured. The Society is fortunate enough to have
help to address important societal requirements. two illustrious sons of the founder who are equally
zealous and committed to the founder’s goals. Dr.
766 JSSAHER combines latest technology and
medical research with compassionate patient care G. Shivaprasad, an eminent Ophthalmologist, is
the Secretary and Dr.G.Parameshwara a reputed Education and adoption of global higher
agriculture Scientist is the Joint Secretary of the education practices with the support of creative
Society. and dedicated staff. The University Grants
Commission (UGC) of India conferred Autonomy
Vision: Entrancing Education to reach the
WR &KULVW &ROOHJH LQ DQG LGHQWLÀHG LW DV DQ
unreached. Mission: Providing a congenial
Institution with Potential for Excellence in 2006.
ambience for learning and creativity in young
In 2008 under Section 3 of the UGC Act, 1956,
minds. Providing high quality medical education
the Ministry of Human Resource Development of
and prepare the student to be citizens of the
the Government of India, declared the institution
ZRUOG SURÀFLHQW LQ WKHLU UHVSHFWLYH ÀHOG DQG
a Deemed to be University, in the name and style
to respond to the needs of the society in which
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they live. Providing research and public service
in India to be accredited in 1998 by the NAAC,
activities relevant to the needs of the society.To
and subsequently in 2004 and 2016, CHRIST
train the student to be morally responsible to the
(Deemed to be University) has the top grade ‘A’ in
community and serve humanity to their utmost
the 4-point scale.
ability. Promoting own capacity to manage and
develop the institution as possible. The multi-disciplinary University which focuses
on teaching research and service offers Bachelors
Goals: Providing high quality medical graduates
to Doctoral programmes in humanities, social
QRWRQO\FRPSHWHQWLQWKHLUUHVSHFWLYHÀHOGVEXW
sciences, science, commerce, management,
are also motivated to serve humanity at large.
engineering, education, and law to over 21000
3URGXFLQJUHVHDUFKSDSHUVLQDOOÀHOGVRIPHGLFDO
students. The campus is a living example for the
sciences, worthy of being published by National
harmonious multiculturalism with students from
& International Journals. Providing all facilities
all the states of India and around 60 different
for the pursuit of medical knowledge, relevant to
countries. CHRIST (Deemed to be University)
the needs of contemporary society.Implementing
SXEOLVKHVVL[SHHUUHYLHZHGUHVHDUFKMRXUQDOVDQG
SXEOLFVHUYLFHVEHQHÀFLDOWRDQGUHOHYDQWZLWKWKH
has published more than 300 books in Kannada
needs of the community at large, nationally and
and English. A promoter of sports, music and
EDUCATION AND
internationally.
literary activities, it is a nurturing ground for
SPORTS
Objectives: To provide for instruction in training creative excellence.
LQVXFKEUDQFKHVRIOHDUQLQJDVLWPD\GHHPÀW
CHRIST (Deemed to be University) was born out
To provide for research and for the advancement
of the educational vision of St Kuriakose Elias
of and dissemination of knowledge. To undertake
Chavara (1805-1871), an educationalist and a
extra mural studies, extension programs and
social reformer of the nineteenth century South
ÀHOG RXWUHDFK DFWLYLWLHV WR FRQWULEXWH WR WKH
India. In his childhood, Kuriakose attended the
development of Society. To do all such other acts
village school where he studied language and
and things as may be necessary or desirable to
elementary sciences. He entered the seminary
IXUWKHUWKHREMHFWLYHVRIWKHLQVWLWXWH
in 1818 and was ordained a priest in 1829. St
CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Chavara founded the congregation of Carmelites
Bengaluru. CHRIST (Deemed to be University) of Mary Immaculate (CMI), in 1831 with a vision to
was born out of the educational vision of St serve the marginalized and underprivileged. This
Kuriakose Elias Chavara, an educationalist ÀUVWLQGLJHQRXV&DWKROLFUHOLJLRXVFRQJUHJDWLRQRI
and social reformer of the nineteenth century India today has more than 3000 priests serving
LQ 6RXWK ,QGLD +H IRXQGHG WKH ÀUVW &DWKROLF in different parts of the world. He was canonized
indigenous congregation, Carmelites of Mary on 23 November 2014 in Rome by Pope Francis.
Immaculate (CMI), in 1831 which administers The CMI congregation inspired by the vision of
CHRIST (Deemed to be University). St Chavara renders its service in educational,
social, health care and other sectors aiming at the
Established in 1969 as Christ College, it
integral development of the society.
undertook path-breaking initiatives in Indian
higher education with the introduction of Vision: CHRIST (Deemed to be University), a
innovative and modern curricula, insistence premier educational institution, is an academic
767
on academic discipline, imparting of Holistic fraternity of individuals dedicated to the motto
of ‘EXCELLENCE AND SERVICE.’ The strive to Korea, Japan, Indonesia and Sri Lanka, among
reach out to the star of perfection through an others.
earnest academic pursuit for ‘excellence,’ and
Going by its glorious history the Christ
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
the efforts blossom into ‘service’ through othe
(Deemed to be University) was born out of the
creative and empathetic involvement in the
educational vision of S. Kuriakose Elias Chavara,
society to transform it. Education prepares one
an educationalist and social reformer of the
to face the challenges of life by bringing out the
nineteenth century in south India. He founded
best in him/her. If this is well accepted, education
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should be relevant to the needs of the time and
Carmelites of Mary Immaculate (CMI), in 1831,
address the problems of the day. Being inspired
which administers Christ. The institution
by Blessed Kuriakose Elias Chavara, the founder
has undertaken different unique initiatives in
of Carmelites of Mary Immaculate and the pioneer
Indian higher education with the introduction
in innovative education, CHRIST (Deemed to be
of innovative and modern curricula, insistence
8QLYHUVLW\ ZDV SURDFWLYH WR GHÀQH DQG UHGHÀQH
on academic discipline, imparting of holistic
its mission and strategies reading the signs of the
education and adoption of global higher education
time.
practices. The University Grants Commission
Mission: CHRIST (Deemed to be University) is (UGC) of India had conferred Autonomy to Christ
a nurturing ground for an individual’s holistic &ROOHJHLQDQGLGHQWLÀHGLWDVDQLQVWLWXWLRQ
development to make an effective contribution to with Potential for Excellence in 2006.
the society in a dynamic environment.” “Christ
In 2008, under section 3 of the UGC Act, 1956,
(Deemed to be University) prides in imparting
the Ministry of Human Resource Development
holistic learning with an emphasis on whole person
(MHRD) declared the institution a Deemed to be
education. The rich diversity of staff and students
University, in the name of and style of Christ
on campus augments the teaching-learning
8QLYHUVLW\ ,W LV DOVR RQH RI WKH ÀUVW LQVWLWXWLRQV
processes. Since research is the backbone of any
in India to be accredited in 1998 by the National
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Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) and
growth curve through research-led, research-
subsequently, in 2004 and 2016, the institution
informed and research-based academic initiatives.
gained the top grade A on a 4-point scale.
Christ campus will continue to be a space for free
and independent thinking, the spirit of inquiry Jain (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru.
permeating its air,” Fr Abraham V.M., the Vice Jain (Deemed to be University) A centre for
Chancellor of Christ (Deemed to be University) education, leadership and entrepreneurship for
told The Week. the students of modern world. The University offers
qualitative education to the young minds to help
Fr Abraham further aims to expand and enhance
them grow in the critical and rapid transforming
the research atmosphere at the university. The
world. The six faculties of Jain ( Deemed to be
research block will have laboratories and facilities
University) offer undergraduate, postgraduate and
to promote high-end research. Interestingly, the
research programs in Engineering, Management,
&KULVW 'HHPHGWREH8QLYHUVLW\ LVRQHRIWKHÀUVW
Commerce, Science, Humanities and Social
institutes in south India to introduce imaginative
Sciences and Languages. Admissions at Jain
undergraduate courses.
(Deemed-to-be-University) is entirely based on
7KH XQLYHUVLW\ RIIHUV WULSOH PDMRU GHJUHHV ZLWK PHULWDQGLVVXEMHFWWRDYDLODELOLW\RIVHDWV7KHVH
LQWHUHVWLQJ VXEMHFW FRPELQDWLRQV DQG DOVR ODWHVW programs provide a diverse combination, thus
courses in performing arts, theatre studies allowing an individual to grow and learn.
and western music. The institution publishes
Vision: To foster human
VL[ SHHUUHYLHZHG UHVHDUFK MRXUQDOV DQG KDV
development through excellence in Quality
published more than 300 books in Kannada and
Education, Research and Entrepreneurial
English. A promoter of sports, music and literary
Development. Mission: To provide quality
activities, this university is a nurturing ground for
education, creating human Assets / Manpower
creative excellence. The university also has active
and Intellectual capital. To enhance research
collaborations with over a hundred international
768 and development in different disciplines. To
universities across the US, the UK, Europe, China,
develop new generation entrepreneurs who will years for designing Micro Air Vehicle at NASA,
be instrumental in fuelling economic growth. To Atlanta, USA. Jain (Deemed-to-be University)
create able Leaders, Managers and Technocrats. launched Radio Active 90.4 MHz (Community
To foster an ethical environment founded on Radio) in 2007 which seeks to promote inclusion,
human values in which both spirit and skill will good governance, policy advocacy issues and
thrive to enrich the quality of life. enhance community cohesion by dialogues to
support collective problem-solving and promote
Jain (Deemed-to-be University) has been
initiatives by collaboration and partnerships.
ranked No. 5 among the top private universities
in India (India Today - Nielson Best Universities NITTE Deemed to be University, Mangaluru.
Survey, 2015). Jain (Deemed-to-be University)
1,77(RIÀFLDOO\1,77( 'HHPHGWREH8QLYHUVLW\
was started in 1990 as Sri Bhagawan
is an institute of higher education located in
Mahaveer Jain College in Bengaluru, India
Derlakatte, Mangaluru, India. It is formed
The student population of Jain (Deemed-to-
under the Trust of NIITE, a trust sponsored by
be University) is more than 11,091 students
Nitte Education Trust which has established 31
with around 348 International Students, highly
institutions spread in three campuses at Nitte,
experienced Faculty and 5 huge campuses.
Mangaluru and Bengaluru.
Jain (Deemed-to-be University) is outstanding
in research and offers various research degrees The Government of India conferred the status
DQG FXUUHQWO\ H[WHUQDOO\ IXQGHG SURMHFWV DUH of Deemed-to-be University[2] in June 2008. The
going on. Jain (Deemed-to-be University) has institution has been accredited with ‹A› grade by
signed 87 useful MOUs and Agreements with the National Assessment & Accreditation Council
various Academic Institutions, Research and (NAAC). The A.B. Shetty Memorial Institute of
Development Organizations and Industries. 'HQWDO6FLHQFHV HVWDEOLVKHGLQ ZDVWKHÀUVW
To promote entrepreneurship amongst the constituent college of Nitte University. At present,
VWXGHQWV WKH XQLYHUVLW\ KDV VHW XS ´&KHQUDM LWKDVÀYHFRQVWLWXHQWFROOHJHVWKHRWKHUIRXUEHLQJ
Roychand Center for Entrepreneurship” that K.S. Hegde Medical Academy (established in 1999),
brings together academics, student entrepreneurs N.G.S.M. Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
EDUCATION AND
and incubated companies for the study and (established in 1983), Nitte Usha Institute of
SPORTS
practice of entrepreneurship. Today, the center Nursing Sciences (established in 1992), and Nitte
has 40 incubated business ventures. Pioneer in Institute of Physiotherapy (established in 1997).
developing innovative learning methodologies - TEL K.S. Hegde Medical Academy (KSHEMA) became
(Technology Enabled Learning) for its programs. a constituent of Nitte University in 2009.Recently
The University has initiated KALARAVA , a it has two more constitute colleges namely Nitte
special psychological counselling center with play Institute of Communication (2012) and Nitte
therapy section that offers services to general Institute of Architecture (2015).
public. Jain (Deemed-to-be University) has
Vision: To build a humane society through
the highest placement record and around 90
excellence in education and health care. Mission:
per cent of the students are placed in reputed
To develop NITTE as a Centre of Excellence
companies. Jain (Deemed-to-be University) library
imparting quality education, generating
has 1,19,138 Books, 278 Periodicals, 80,951 E-
FRPSHWHQWVNLOOHGPDQSRZHUWRIDFHWKHVFLHQWLÀF
Journals, 12,931 E-books. 15 ongoing
and social challenges, with a high degree of
FRQVXOWDQF\ SURMHFWV FRQVXOWDQF\ FRPSOHWHG
credibility, integrity, ethical standards and social
SURMHFWV H[WHQGHG UHVHDUFK FRPSOHWHG
concern.
SURMHFWV1DWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFHVDWWHQGHGE\
faculty members. 2948 Publications in National The Nitte Rural Psychiatric Centre: The Nitte
& International Journals. The 2A/5 Coy NCC of Rural Psychiatric Centre was established in
Jain (Deemed-to-be University), Bengaluru has September 2007 at Nitte, to address the issue
bagged the Best Institution Award 2014 - 15 for of lack of psychiatric services in the Coastal
participation of its cadets in various training. part of Karnataka. With the guidance of Dr.
Jain (Deemed-to-be University) students from Naveenchandra Shetty , a retired consultant
the engineering discipline have won either the psychiatrist with 4 decades of experience in the
769
I, II or III positions for the past 5 consecutive ÀHOG RI PHQWDO KHDOWK LQ $XVWUDOLD WKH &HQWUH
supports, treats and provides community care Water recycling: Use of recycled water for
to the mentally ill along with psychosocial and JDUGHQLQJDQGWRLOHWÁXVKLQJSXUSRVHV7KHZDVWH
occupational rehabilitation. In 2013, Nitte Rural water is collected and treated in Sewage Treatment
KARNATAKA
Plants (STP). Three campus have individual STPs.
HAND BOOK OF
Psychiatric Centre moved to a spacious building.
7KH JURXQG ÁRRU KDV SV\FKLDWU\ RXWSDWLHQW The KSHEMA campus has a STP plant of handling
services, general medical outpatient services, capacity of 4,00,000 litres/day. University and
casualty, minor operation theatre and laboratory. Hospital campus has a plant of 8,00,000 litres/
7KHORZHUJURXQGÁRRUKDVGHQWDOFHQWUHDQGWKH day and Paneer campus has a plant handling
‘Thudar’ Rehabilitation Centre. The Department 2,50,000 litres/day.
of Psychiatry, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy runs
Vanamahosthsava Students actively participate
the centre.
in the Swachh Bharath Programmes conducted
Water Conservation & Green practices on regularly by the NSS unit of the University.
campus: NITTE (Deemed to be University) is 39 programmes with nearly 4000 student and
proactively involved in water conservation staff participation was recorded over a period
mission. It has adopted environmentally friendly of last four years. Vanamahostava is conducted
methods for water conservation and optimum GXULQJWKHÀUVWZHHNRI-XO\E\WUHHSODQWLQJDQG
utilization of water. Recycled water is used for conducting awareness programms. The world
maintaining the lush green landscape all-round environment day is also conducted in the campus
the year. Rain water harvesting is adopted by planting saplings and the theme of United
in all the three Campuses of the University. Nation is deliberated eg. “Connecting people to
Utilisation of open wells and waterbodies for Nature” in 2017 and “Beat plastic pollution” in
rainwater harvesting is practiced. Open wells are 2018.
preferred source of water in place of borewells. Its K.L.E. Academy of Higher Education &
policies and strategies are focused on protection, Research, Belagavi Deemed to be University.
conservation and sustainable use of its precious The institute will strive to be among the top ten
fresh water resources. medical colleges in India in the spheres of medical
education, research and health care services.
Medical College Campus: Rain water trapped
Added to this 1000 bed Dr.Prabhakar Kore
from the roofs of the buildings is collected in a
Charitable Hospital and three Primary Health
raw water sump of capacity 2.0 Lac Ltrs. It is then
Centres and one urban Health centre will be the
processed in a water treatment plant consisting
epicenters of post graduate and under graduate
RISUHVVXUHVDQGÀOWHUDFWLYDWHGFDUERQÀOWHUDQG
training, wherein patients are treated free and
automated chlorination unit. This treated water is
exclusively meant for training the post graduate
then directly used for domestic purposes.
and under graduate in their basic knowledge and
Hospital Campus: Rain water trapped from skills. The extreme shortage of medical facilities in
the roofs of the buildings is collected in a raw the region, promoted the KLE Society to establish
water sump of capacity 3.0 Lac Ltrs. It is then the Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College at Belgavi
processed in a water treatment plant consisting in 1963. The J N Medical College, Belgavi, stands
RISUHVVXUHVDQGÀOWHUDFWLYDWHGFDUERQÀOWHUDQG testimony to the high professional standards
automated chlorination unit. This treated water is aimed for and achieved by the KLE Society. Under
then directly used for domestic purposes. Paneer the able guidance and mature insight of the
Campus: Rain water trapped from the roofs of the Founder Dean, Late Dr. B.S.Jirge, the foundation
buildings is collected in a raw water sump tank of the present academic vastness was laid.
of capacity 2.0 Lakh Ltrs. It is then processed in Eminent medical educationist, late Dr.B.S. Desai
a water treatment plant consisting of pressure DQG'U0%DVDYDUDM8UVKHDGHGWKHLQVWLWXWLRQV
VDQGÀOWHUDFWLYDWHGFDUERQÀOWHUDQGDXWRPDWHG DVSULQFLSDOGXULQJWKHÀUVWGHFDGH
chlorination unit. This treated water is then Dr.S.G.Desai took over the reigns of the institution
directly used for domestic purposes. Additionally, in 1971. His distinguished tenure between 1971
this Campus also has a lake spread over an area and 1985 was marked by the achievement of high
of 15,000 Sq ft. Storm water from all around the standards of discipline, decorum, and academic
campus is routed into this lake which helps in H[FHOOHQFH'U+%5DMVKHNKDUDVVXPHGWKHRIÀFH
770
ground water recharge. of the principal in 1985. During his tenure; the
college saw vast growth in infrastructure and top notch diagnostic facilities under one roof. The
learning resources. He contributed substantially Wi-Fi and digital library, e-learning and other
in the up coming of the KLE Hospital and MRC, facilities are at par with best campuses of the
Department of Medical Educaiton, Digital Library country and abroad. The University is among very
and collaboration with the University of Illinois, few institutions of the country to boast of the entire
USA. These ideas were conceived and realized campus having Wi-Fi solution for internet access.
during his tenure. Welfare and student support Another mile stone achieved is the collaboration
amenities were given a great emphasis by him. with MedRC and establishment of Smart Teach
server for students to access the high quality
KLE Society Sponsoring Society of K.L.E.
E-curricular content so that students can learn at
Academy of Higher Education & Research,
their own pace as supplementary measure to the
Belagavi. KLE Society was established more than
excellent classroom teaching.
90 years ago in the year 1916 by seven dedicated
Teachers (aptly called as Saptarishis) and three Ever since the establishment of the University
Patrons, which has transformed the educational there has been constant growth in exploring the
backward region of Northern Karnataka into a new areas in education e.g. the establishment of
fertile land of education. Presently, KLE Society is the institute of Public Health, Institute of Clinical
successfully running more than 205 institutions Research, School of Music starting need based
LQ WKH ÀHOG RI +HDOWK FDUH 0HGLFDO 'HQWDO fellowship programs in various specialties and
Pharmacy, Ayurved, Physiotherapy, Nursing the commencement of Ph.D program in health
Science), Information Technology, Law and facilities and inter disciplinary research are the new
many more conventional and non-conventional endeavours of the University in the short span of
disciplines. three years of its existence. The existing curriculum
is strengthened by integrating Information and
The great visionary efforts Dr.Prabhakar Kore,
Communication Technology (ICT) to meet the
MP, Chairman KLE Society since 1985 have
changing global demands. University has also
been pivotal in deciding to march ahead into a
incorporated teaching of Indian Constitution and
new millennium as an autonomous University,
Environmental Studies to Undergraduate students
thereby opening up the unexpected horizon in
EDUCATION AND
for making them responsible global citizens. To
WKH ÀHOG RI HGXFDWLRQ 7KH ./( $FDGHP\ RI
match the concept of Global village of the present
SPORTS
Higher Education & Research was established
era the K.L.E. Academy of Higher Education &
on 13th April, 2006 as per the Ministry of Human
Research, Belagavi has signed Memorandum of
Resource Development, Government of India,
Understandings (MoUs) incorporating academic
1RWLÀFDWLRQ 1R) 85 $ GDWHG th
collaborations with ICMR, W.H.O; and several
April, 2006, under the recommendation of
Universities in USA and also in SE Asia.
University Grants Commission. At present the
K.L.E. Academy of Higher Education & Research, The K.L.E. Academy of Higher Education
Belagavi within three years of its inception has & Research, Belagavi takes a very strict view
many glorious credentials in the form of its against any kind of ragging activity and the entire
meritorious students, faculty looked upon as peer campus is under strict vigil to prevent any ragging
and much international collaboration because activity. The students in the campus are from
of the dedication and the unending quest for different countries and different cultures and all
excellence true to the essence of K.L.E. Academy the efforts are taken for smooth induction of the
of Higher Education & Research, Belagavi. students into the campus and for that purpose
student orientation programs, language classes
The K.L.E. Academy of Higher Education &
for enabling the students to interact with local
Research, Belagavi offers various Undergraduate,
patients are regularly conducted. Facilities like
Postgraduate, Post doctoral, fellowship and
EDQN SRVWRIÀFH SKDUPDF\ J\P DQG LQGRRU
FHUWLÀFDWH SURJUDPV LQ WKH IDFXOWLHV RI 0HGLFLQH
stadium, internet access, café, department store,
Dentistry, Pharmacy, Ayurveda, Physiotherapy
travel booking facilities are provided in the campus
and Nursing. The campus is very rich and vibrant
itself.
in terms of having impressive infrastructure,
renowed and extensively experienced teaching Calendar of events delineating the date of
faculty, state of the art teaching hospital and examination schedule and other important 771
medical research center, having 1820 beds and curricular events are provided to every student at
the beginning of academic session thus enabling serious attention. There is considerable clarity
the students to plan and pace their studies well with regard to under graduate and post graduate
in advance. Remedial measures in the form of medical education. However, there are a large
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
feedback from the students, bridge courses for slow number of institutions which offer para medical
learners are a regular feature of the constituent FHUWLÀFDWHDQGGLSORPDFRXUVHVDERXWZKLFKWKHUH
units of K.L.E. Academy of Higher Education & is hardly any reliable data. Various autonomous
Research The K.L.E. Academy of Higher Education councils, boards of examinations, universities
& Research follows the Goals set in the form regulate medical education.
of “VISION 2020” document, which aspires to
Table 10.26 Medical Education Institutions
take the K.L.E. Academy of Higher Education & and Enrolments for the year 2018-19
Research, Belagavi to far greater heights.
Type of Institution No. Enrolments
Vision:“To be an outstanding university of
Medical Colleges (MBBS) 57 8,195
excellence ever in pursuit of newer horizons- To
Ayurvedic Colleges (GCIM) 52 3,775
build self-reliant global citizens through assured
quality educational Programmes”. Mission: To Homeopathic Colleges (BHMS) 10 910
promote sustainable development of Higher Unani Colleges 04 240
Education consistent with statutory and regulatory
Naturopathy & Yogic Sciences (BNYS) 07 540
requirements. To plan and continuously provide
necessary infrastructure, learning resources Dental Colleges (BDS) 38 2719
required for Quality education and innovations. Nursing Colleges (B.Sc.) 290 17,160
To stimulate, to extend the frontiers of knowledge, Source : Economic survey of Karnataka 2018-19
through Faculty Development and Continuing
Education Programmes. To make research a Table 10.27 Medical Education Institutions by
Managements for the year 2018-19
VLJQLÀFDQW DFWLYLW\ LQYROYLQJ 6WDII 6WXGHQWV
and Society.To promote Industry/Organization, Type of Institution Govt Aided Unaided
Interaction/Collaborations with Regional Allopathy: Colleges 16 - 41
National/International bodies.To establish
Ayurveda 04 03 45
healthy systems for communication among all
VWDNHKROGHUV IRU YLVLRQRULHQWHG JURZWK7R IXOÀO Homeopathy 01 - 09
the National Obligation through Rural Health Unani 01 - 03
Missions. Naturopathy & Yoga 01 - 06
Medical Education: There are 57 Medical Dental 02 - -
Colleges (MBBS degree) in the State which have Source : Economic survey of Karnataka 2018-19
a summated intake capacity of 8195 students
(Tables 10.26 and 10.27). Of them 16 colleges Post Graduate Institutions & Enrolments in
are run by the Government along with 8 other the State: Medical Colleges are permitted to
Super Specialty Institutions. The Government’s provide Post Graduate Courses in the State. They
presence is visible in nominal strength in other offer Degree and Diploma Courses in various
system. Relatively, the turnout of Ayurvedic specialties. There are several Super Specialties
GRFWRUV *&,0 LVTXLWHVLJQLÀFDQWD\XUYHGLF RI ZKLFK WUDLQLQJ LV LPSDUWHG LQ VXEMHFWV OLNH
doctors graduate from 52 Ayurvedic Colleges, Cardiology, Cardio Thoracic Surgery, Cardiac
2719 doctors graduate from Dental Colleges. Anesthesia, Neurology, Nephrology, Urology,
Ayurvedic, Homoeopathic and Unani Doctors Surgical Gastroenterology, Plastic Surgery,
serve rural India in larger proportions. 290 Medical Oncology and Surgical Oncology. There
Nursing Colleges recognized by Indian Nursing has been a great demand for specialists,due to
Council turn out 17160 Nurses (B.Sc. Graduates) which many Medical Graduate of the State who
every year. Karnataka functions as a nursery for do not get P.G. seats enroll themselves with the
nursing services not only for the State but also for National Board of Examinations and qualify
other regions of India, Gulf countries and Europe. as Diplomate of the National Board (DNB).
The enrolment details for different courses are
Availability of dependable and internally
772 furnished in Table No.10.28, 10.29 and 10.30.
consistent data across various sources needs
Table 10.28 Enrollment Capacity across Medical Course–Post Graduate Degree for the year 2018-19
No.of
PG Degree No.of seats PG Diploma Super Specialties No.of seats
Seats
M.D.(General Medicine) 266 - - M.Ch (Urology) 30
M.D.(R.D) 103 DMRD 23 M.Ch (Plastic Surgery) 12
M.D. Pediatrics 134 D.C.H 55 M.Ch (Surgical Oncology) 11
M.D.(R.T) 22 D.M.R.T. 5 D.M.(Oncology) 02
M.D.(Anesthesia) 165 D.A. 61 D.M. (Cardiology) 33
M.D.(Psychiatry) 34 D.P.M 7 M.Ch (Cardio Thoracic Surgery) 19
M.D. (Pathalogy) 148 D.C.P. 44 M.Ch. (Paediatric Surgery) 18
M.S. (Anatomy) 90 - - D.M. (Neurology) 16
M.D.(Community Medicine) 80 D.P.H. 3 D.M. Cardiac Anesthesia 09
M.D.(Forensic Medicine) 54 D.F.M. 3 M.Ch (Neuro Surgery) 10
M.D.(Pharmacology) 100 - - M.Ch.(Surgical Gastro Enterology) 02
M.D.(Physiology) 84 - - D.M. Nephrology 09
M.D.(Bio Chemistry) 77 - - M.Ch.Gynic Oncology 02
M.D.(Micro Biology) 88 D.Bacteriology - M.Ch.Head-Neck Surgery 01
M.D.(Skin & VD) 71 D.V.D. 21 D.M. Paediatric Oncology 02
M.D.(T.B) 24 D.T.C.D 5 D.M. Medical Oncology 08
M.D.(Emergency Medicine) 12 - - D.M. Gastroenterology 07
M.S.(General Surgery) 206 - - D.M. Endocrinology 06
M.S. (Ophthalmology) 86 D.O.M.S. 41 D.M. Nenatology 01
M.S. (ENT) 77 D.L.O. 26 Pulmonary Medicine 01
M.S. (Orthopaedics) 131 D.Ortho 42 Pediatric Nephrology 01
M.S. (OBG) 137 D.G.O. 65 D.M.Critical care Medicine 01
M.D (Hospital Admn.) 7 - - M.Ch. Plastic & Reconstruction surgery
EDUCATION AND
M.D (Oncology) - - - -
SPORTS
Total 2196 Total 401 Total 201
Source : Economic survey of Karnataka 2018-19
Table 10.29 Total P.G.Degree seats for
M.S.(Orthopaedics) 130 1 131
2018-19
Govt/ Deemed M.D.(Skin & D) 71 0 71
Total
Subject COMEDK/ Universi-
Seats M.D.(RT) 22 0 22
KRLMPCA ties
M.D. (Anatomy) 90 86 4 90 M.D.(Anesthesia) 159 6 165
M.D.(Physiology) 81 3 84 M.D. Paediatrics 130 4 134
M.D.(Bio Chemistry) 72 5 75
M.D.(General Medicine) 260 6 266
Para Clinical:
M.S.(General Surgery) 203 3 206
M.D.(Pharmacology) 95 5 100
M.S.(OBG) 136 1 137
M.D.(Pathology) 145 3 148
M.D.(R.D) 102 1 103
M.D.(Micro) 85 3 88
M.D.(Com.Med.) 78 2 80 M.D.(Psychiatry) 34 0 34
M.D.(F.M.) 51 3 54 M.D.(T.B) 23 1 24 23 1 24
M.D(Oncology) - - - M.D.(Hospital Admn.) 6 1 7
M.D.(Emergency Medicine)
Clinical: 12 0 12
12 0 12
M.S.(Ophthalmology) 85 1 86 Total 2143 53 2194
M.S.(ENT) 77 0 77 Source : Economic survey of Karnataka 2018-19
773
Table 10.30 Total P.G. Diploma seats for Dental Colleges Details not
3 44 44 2990
2018-19 (2009-10) available
Govt.& Source : Economic survey of Karnataka 2018-19
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
Private Deemed Uni- Total
Subject
Medical- versities Seats History of development of medical education in
Colleges
Karnataka is interesting. First Medical school was
Para Clinical
started at Bengaluru in 1917. It was providing
D.C.P. 44 0 44 a four year course called ‘Licentiate in medical
D.Bact - - - practice’ (LMP). First medical college imparting
D.P.H. 3 - 3 MMBS education was started in Bengaluru in
D.F.M. 3 - 3 1929 but it was shifted to Mysuru the next year,
Clinical: i.e., 1930, and came to be called-Mysuru Medical
D.O.M.S. 41 - 41 41 - 41 College. It was well expanded in 1940. The medical
D.L.O. 26 - 26 VFKRRO DW %HQJDOXUX ZDV FORVHG ÀQDOO\ LQ
D.Ortho. 42 - 42 after the abolition of LMP course.
D.V.D. 21 - 21 State government started a medical college at
D.M.R.T. 5 - 5 Bengaluru in 1954. Private entrepreneurs started
D.A. 60 1 61 Kasturba medical college at Manipal in 1953.
D.C.H. 52 3 55 State Government started another medical college
D.G.O. 64 1 65 at Hubli in 1956. By 1980, there were 12 medical
D.M.R.D. 23 0 23 colleges providing MBBS course, out of which only
D.P.M. 6 1 7 4 were government and rest private. A government
D.T.C.D. 5 - 5 Medical college was started at Ballari in 1961 and
Total 395 6 401 was given autonomous status in 1995.
Source : Economic survey of Karnataka 2018-19 In the year 1993-94, there were 19 modern
Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences medical colleges (MBBS) in the state of which
(RGUHS) only four were government institutions. But by
2009-10, the number rose up to 39 out of which
This university was established on 1st June
at least seven were of government. Totally, 4855
1996. This university takes care of medical
students were studying in these colleges.There
education (in different systems like-ayurvedic,
were 41 dental colleges in the state by 1993-94,
Allopathy, Unani, Homeopathy etc.) and
out of which only one was of government. But
education in nursing sciences. So, all kinds of
in 2009-10 number of these colleges went up to
medical and nursing colleges are monitored by
44 with a total strength of 2,990 in them. The
this university throughout the state. Presently the
additional three were also established by private
main campus of the university is being developed
bodies. Presently, in 2012, many dental colleges
near Ramanagara, outside Bengaluru. Two
have vacant seats.
regional centres are also established as one each
at Belagavi and Kalaburagi. By 1993-94, there were 16 colleges of Ayurvedic
medicine in the state. Out of these, only two (one
Number of Medical colleges and the strength,
each at Mysuru and Bengaluru) were government
under the control of this university is shown in
colleges. ‘College of Indian medicine, Mysuru’
the next table.
ZDVHVWDEOLVKHGLQ DQG¶-D\DFKDPDUDMHQGUD
Table 10.31 Medical colleges in Karnataka College of Indian medicine-Bengaluru’ was started
with student’s strength in 1967. Both have P.G. courses also. But number
No. of RI WKHVH $\XUYHGLF FROOHJHV MXPSHG XS WR E\
No. of Colleges Total
Sl. System of Students 2010, six of them being govt. colleges. Number
No. Medicine of Homeopathic medical colleges in 2010-11 was
Govt. Private Boys Girls
11, unani colleges was four and ‘Nature cure
1
Indian System
6 68 5198 6413 11611 and yogic science’ were only 3. All these colleges
(2010-11)
(11+4+3=18) are in private sector. There were 11
Allopathy System Details not
774 2
(2009-10)
39 39
available
4855 colleges of nursing sciences in the state during
1993-94, including one government college, members each) with an estimated cost of Rs.1.69
Bengaluru. Now there are 325 colleges, out of crore.
which, 237 colleges run M.Sc. course also.
The programmes are implemented through
There were 54 Pharmacy colleges in 2009- Lokha Shikshana Samithis at Districts, Taluk
10 in the state. The number went up to 94 in and Gram Panchayaths and in co-ordination
2010-11. Only one Pharmacy College is run with NGO’s. Committees are formed and grants
by government. Out of these, post-graduate released, Survey and list of Adult non-literates
education in Pharmacy (M.Pharma) is being SUHSDUHG 1*2·V DUH LGHQWLÀHG 3URFXUHPHQW
offered at 31 colleges including the government of Teaching Learning Material and Printing and
college, Bengaluru. During 2010-11 admission distribution of primers is in process, Training
was made only to 78 private Pharmacy colleges of Resource Person’s at state level is completed,
out of 93 that existed. Training of Master Trainers, Teachers and
Mass Education: The Directorate of Adult Programme implementers is in process and
Education was established in 1978 with a view Learning will commence from January-2019.
to implement Adult literacy programmes in Department of Technical Education: During
the state. The department was renamed as 1943 that is before independence there were a few
Directorate of Mass Education during 1988- technical skill teaching schools inthe department
89; The State Literacy Mission Authority was of Public Instructions called Occupational
established during the year 1988 to implement Institutes. Due to increase in number of such
the literacy programmes effectively. There institutions and development of technical
after several centrally sponsored programmes education, particularly in the latter half of the
including Saakshar Bharat (The latest) and State ÀIWLHVWKHQHFHVVLW\UDLVHGIRUWKHHVWDEOLVKPHQW
programmes are being implemented. RIDQLQGHSHQGHQWGHSDUWPHQWZLWKWKHREMHFWLYHV
During the year 2018-19, 04 literacy of bringing about coordination among institutes,
programmes are being implemented with the standard education, quality syllabi, conduct
REMHFWLYHV RI OLWHUDF\ WR UXUDO DQG XUEDQ VOXPV of examination and for overall development of
EDUCATION AND
non-illiterates of 15+50 age groups with priority the technical education. Thus, the Department
to woman SC, ST and minority groups and of Technical Education came into existence as
SPORTS
to increase the literacy rate of the state. In the D IXOOÁHGJHG LQGHSHQGHQW GHSDUWPHQW IURP
state budget 2018-19, Rs.7.50 crore is provided 1959. Technical Education across the globe is
to basic literacy (Rs.3.50 crore under General gaining importance day by day because of the
Category, Rs.3.00 crore under SCP and Rs.1.00 rapid advancements in science, technology and
crore under TSP) programme is implemented in innovations. Department of Technical Education
95 taluks in 19 districts which are backward, is playing a vital role in contributing for the growth
more backward and most backward as per Dr. of Information Technology and Industries in
'01DQMXQGDSSD·V5HSRUWZLWKDWDUJHWRI Karnataka State by making its products capable
lakhs non-literates. In the year 2018-19, sanction of competing across the globe.
has been accorded to utilize the balance amount Objectives of the Department: Administrative
in KSLMA to implement the literacy programmes. control, inspection, design and development of
The Literacy Programme in Urban/Slum areas: plans and implementation of programs for all the
Implemented in 20 districts in the state with an Engineering colleges and Polytechnics; Conduct of
estimated cost of Rs.6.12 crore with a target of H[DPLQDWLRQVHYDOXDWLRQDQGDZDUGLQJFHUWLÀFDWHV
2.04 lakhs non-literates.The Literacy Programme $GRSWLQJ QHHGEDVHG WHFKQLFDO VXEMHFWV LQ WKH
for non-literate members of Woman Self Help Engineering and Diploma courses by identifying
Groups: Implemented in 20 districts in the state new courses ; Inspecting infrastructure facilities
with an estimated cost of Rs.6.12 crore with for commencement of new technical institutions
a target of 2.04 lakhs non-literates members. and programs to recommend for the regulatory
Camp literacy programme for non-literate Elected authority.; Inspection of administrative and
Members of Gram Panchayaths: Implemented in academic procedures, evaluation of infrastructure
06 districts of Hyderabad-Karnataka area, with facilities of the technical institutions.; Approving
775
a target of 1500 non-literates (30 camps of 50 intake and admission of all the private aided/
unaided institutions.Issuing guidelines for Private Companies will impart training to
admission of students into the technical VSHFLÀFQXPEHURIVWXGHQWVIRUGXUDWLRQRIRQH
institutions. Providing grants and other facilities \HDU XQGHU WKLV VFKHPH 7KH REMHFWLYH RI WKH
KARNATAKA
to the private aided technical institutions.; scheme is to provide a connection between the
HAND BOOK OF
Industry Institute Interaction and assistance in technical institutes and industries, to improve
placement.; Selection of technical staff to depute the technical-know-how and to introduce the
for higher studies and research. VWXGHQWVWRDOOÀHOGVRIWKHLQGXVWU\
a) Institution: There were only 57 technical d) Scholarship/Merit awards (Reimbursement
institutes, under Department of Technical of Fee): The SC and ST students who have
Education initially but now there are a been selected for engineering courses by the
staggering 545 institutes across the state Karnataka Examination Authority through the
ranging from Diploma to Degree and Junior CET are being provided the reimbursement
Technical Schools (Table 10.32) offee. The number of SC/ST students getting
reimbursement of fee is given in Table 10.33.
b) Budget Provision: The Budget was provided
for government polytechnics and engineering Table 10.33 Details of the reimbursement of
colleges under plan & non-plan in the state. IHHGXULQJODVWÀYH\HDUV 5VLQODNKV
SC Students ST Students
7DEOH&ODVVLÀFDWLRQRI7HFKQLFDO,QVWL-
Year Amount Amount
tutes in the State During 2017-18 No. of
in
No. of
in Rs.
Students Students
&ODVVL¿FDWLRQ Rs.(lakh) (lakh)
Technical Insti-
tutes Univer- Pvt. 2013-14 2,664 851.58 78 14.49
Govt. Pvt. Total
sity Aided
2014-15 3,248 1,079.77 2,056 716.20
Engineering Degree
2015-16 4,006 1,224.77 1,374 440.49
Engineering Colleges 10 2 9 206 207
2016-17 3,781 1,424.83 1,237 490.74
Women’s
- - - 2 2
Engineering Colleges
2017-18 3,633 1,483.70 1,218 521.60
Evening Engineering
1 1 2 1 5 Source : Economic survey of Karnataka 2018-19
Colleges
Total 11 3 11 209 234
Other Programmes and Activities
Diploma 1. All India Survey on Higher Education
Co-Education (AISHE): The Department of Technical
70 - 42 166 278
Polytechnics
Education is participating in this survey
Women’s
Polytechnics
8 - 1 5 14 since 2010-11 by providing the necessary
information (through online) to MHRD. The
Evening Polytechnics 2 - 1 2 5
Department of Technical Education was the
Non-Engineering
Polytechnics
2 - - - 2 ÀUVW GHSDUWPHQW LQ WKH FRXQWU\ WR FRPSOHWH
Total 82 - 44 173 299
the 100 per cent survey work in the inaugural
Others
AISHE (2010-11) program. During 2016-17,
Junior Technical
DOOWHFKQLFDOLQVWLWXWHVKDYHÀOOHGWKHUHTXLUHG
6 - - 6 12 formats of the survey.
Schools
Total 6 - - 6 12
2. Information and Communication
Total No. of Technical Institutions 545 Technology Initiatives - ICTs :
Source : Economic survey of Karnataka 2018-19 ICTs contribute for universal access to
c) Staff Training and Apprenticeship Training education, equity in education, the delivery
Programme: To provide the Human Resources of quality learning and teaching, teachers’
DQG HQKDQFH WKH WHDFKLQJ HIÀFLHQF\ RI WKH SURIHVVLRQDO GHYHORSPHQW DQG PRUH HIÀFLHQW
staff, the teaching faculties have been deputed education management, governance and
to higher education and improve their skills administration. Department takes a holistic
through short term training programmes. As per and comprehensive approach for promoting
the Govt. Apprenticeship Act 1973 (amended) ICTs in education in order to address the
776 challenges in realizing the vision of higher
and 1986 the State Govt. /CentralGovt./
education. The department of Technical on the development of personality of students
Education has taken part in all the above through community service. Under the NSS,
initiatives. students of polytechnics are being taught
about Human values, Patriotism, Service-
3. Accreditation by National Board of
motto, Health, Environment awareness,
Accreditation (NBA): The Department of
Personality Development and Leadership
Technical Education (DTE)is taking up
qualities alongwith traditional education
various quality improvement initiatives
through the day-to-day activities and special
among them Accreditation is one of the
camps. Since, 1999 the Directorate is actively
PDMRU LQLWLDWLYH ERWK LQ WHUPV RI LPSURYLQJ
and successfully conducting the activities as
academic and infrastructural quality of the
per the schedule of programs.
technical institutes. Accreditation is the
continuous quality improvement process 7. DTE-e- Studio Channel: The responsibility of
which ensures quality in teaching -learning the state is to provide an effective Technical
process, self-evaluation, accountability and Education to students both in rural and urban
IXOÀOV WKH H[SHFWDWLRQV RI LWV VWDNH KROGHU areas. In this direction, Technical Education
viz., academicians, industries, statutory Department has taken an innovative initiative
regulators, students and parents. In total, inall to provide online interactive classes in
the 4 divisions of the state 22 accreditation Teaching Learning Process. The Directorate
workshops covering 1248 staff of teaching of Technical education is planning to provide
and non-teaching of 305 technical institutes academics related activities and training
have been conducted by the Department of programs for students and faculty. A studio
Technical Education. has been established in Directorate of
Technical Education with help of TEQIP-
4. Outcome Based Education System (OBE):
,, SURMHFWD ZRUOG EDQN DVVLVWHG 0+5'
First time in India “Outcome Based Education
program. Through this studio it is planned
Curriculum is introduced in all its entire
to have programs to all the students, faculty
GLSORPD SURJUDPV DIÀOLDWHG WR %RDUG
of Engineering colleges and Polytechnic. This
of Technical Examinations, Karnataka by
EDUCATION AND
studio is also being used for video conference
conducting several workshops including
SPORTS
with institutions for administrative purposes.
industrialists expert faculty and other
stake holders. One of the main elements of 8. Creation of New Technical Institutes:
accreditation process is the formation of As per the Hon’ble Chief Minister’s Budget
curricula based on OBE, which is based Speech 25 New Polytechnics will be started in
on revised Blooms Taxonomy. The OBE Rural, Backward areas of Karnataka, which
enhances skill development amongst will enhance the Gross Enrolment Ratio of
technologists, improves employability and economically backward Students. To improve
supports entrepreneurship among diploma the gross enrolment ratio of the Girl student
students. Further, comprehensive training in technical education 23 New Hostels will be
workshops to implement OBE in the technical started in the existing Govt., Polytechnic in
institutes have been conducted across the Karnataka.
state during 2016-17.
9. Distribution of Free Laptops to the Students:
2QOLQH $IÀOLDWLRQ RI 3RO\WHFKQLFV The The action will be taken to provide free
RQOLQH DIÀOLDWLRQ 6RIWZDUH LV EHLQJ GHYHORSHG laptops to SC/ST Students (Family income
by BTE in co-ordination with NIC; it helps less than Rs.2.50 lakhs) who are studying in
LQHDVLQJ RXW WKH SURFHVV RI DIÀOLDWLRQ RI Government Engineering College in 2/3/4
polytechnics in Karnataka. academic years and students of 2/3 academic
year Govt / Polytechnics during 2017-18.The
6. National Service Scheme (NSS): The National
action will be taken to provide free laptops for
6HUYLFH6FKHPHXQGHUWKH0LQLVWU\RI<RXWK
students (Family income less than Rs.2.50
Affairs & Sports, Govt. of India, popularly
lakhs) who are studying in Govt /Aided
NQRZQ DV 166 ZDV ODXQFKHG RQ *DQGKLML·V
Polytechnics in 1st academic year during
%LUWK&HQWHQDU\<HDU LQ8QLYHUVLWLHV
2017-18. 777
involving 40,000 students with primary focus
Public Library: Public Libraries Act has come 4. Mobile Libraries: 13 mobile Libraries are
into force since1965 in Karnataka. Karnataka has functioning to inculcate and promote the
been thethird state in the country to come under reading habit of the public at their own
KARNATAKA
doorsteps in different parts of the City in the
HAND BOOK OF
a Library Act. Under the act, a network of about
7000 libraries has been functioning all over the State. This has been accepted as a popular
State. Public Library is an institution established library service rendered by the Department.
by the Government in order to inculcate interest
5. Gram Panchayat Libraries: There are 5766
in education, communication and reading among
Gram Panchayat Libraries in the State. These
the General Public. It is an open public service
libraries are helping the rural community to a
system. The main purpose of this system is to help
JUHDWH[WHQW,WLVRIÀUVWNLQGLQ,QGLD.
people to develop interest in literature and culture.
Public Library system serves as a dynamic force 6. Children Libraries: Indira Priyadarshini
giving people knowledge, continuing education Children Library is established in 1994 at
and information. Public Libraries are people’s Cubbon Park, Bengaluru. There are separate
university. It is a democratic institution working Children sections maintained in many City
on democratic principles. and District Libraries which provides useful
and entertaining books for the children.
Details of the Public Library Department: The
network of the libraries includes State Central 7. Community Children Centers: 31
Libraries at the State level, District Central Community Children centres are functioning
Libraries at the District level and City Central in all the 30 districts in the state. In these
Libraries at all places having a population of more centres children’s books, computer section
than one lakh together with libraries at the taluk, and toys section has been arranged. The
municipality and Gram panchayat levels. The interior of the section is decorated to attract
Library authorities are functioning at state, city the children. These centres will help in the
and district levels for the proper functioning of overall development of the children.
Public Libraries.
8. Nomadics and Slum Libraries: Under SCP
Activities of the department of Public and TSP scheme, 127 libraries have been
Libraries are grouped as under. started for the use of nomadics. Similarly
1. State Central Library: It is an Apex Public 100 slum libraries have been started under
Library equipped with reference books and WKLV SURMHFW 7RWDOO\ /LEUDULHV KDYH EHHQ
VRXUFHERRNVLQDOOODQJXDJHVRQDOOVXEMHFWV started. These libraries are provided with
Copyright, Computer, Braille Books, carrier books and furniture. The honorarium for the
information, periodicals sections are some of staff working in these centres has been raised
the important sections of the library. according to the Government Order.
2. City Central Library: Under the Karnataka 9. Automation of Libraries: Computers have
Public Library Act, 1965, there are 26 City been installed at 30 districts and 26 City
Central Libraries with branch libraries Central Libraries all over the state. Browsing
serving in the State. The Bangalore City Centre facility is provided in some libraries.
Central Libraries have been bifurcated into 5 10. Cultural Activities: Cultural activities are
zones. Namely East, West, North, South and being conducted to create awareness among
Central for the smooth administration. There the public about reading habit and its use.
are 198 Wards in Bengaluru. Among these National Library week is celebrated between
Wards 200 Branch Libraries are functioning 14th to 20th November every year and on this
and providing services to the public. occasion seminars, poet meet, book exhibition,
3. District Central Library: 30 District Libraries various competitions are conducted in the City
in the State as per the section 16(1)(b) of or Grama Panchayat level and its branches
Karnataka Public Libraries Act, 1965. Its throughout the State. April 23rd is celebrated
703 branch Libraries are serving the Public as “World Book Day” every year. To inculcate
in all district centres which has City Central reading habits among children,various
778 libraries in the city. Competitions are held during this occasion.
Librarians day is celebrated on August 12th Designing and implementing in service teacher
as per the Government order. It is the birth training courses in content, pedagogy, innovative
anniversary of Dr. S.R. Ranganathan who is methods like theatre in education, use of low
the father of the Library Science. Eminent pro- cost and no cost teaching learning materials in
fessionals will be felicitated on this occasion schools, etc.; 6. Making Satellite based training
and also “Jatha” will be conducted in various programmes. 7. Encouraging the talent of the
streets in the City, District and Grama Pan- students through scholarships. 8. Having found
chayat level. the teaching needs of High School teachers,
enhancing the teaching skills of teachers; 9.
11. Training in Library Science: Library Training
Accelerating the learning abilities of the students
centres have been functioning in four Places
studying in Govt. Schools; 10. Bringing about a
i.e. Bengaluru, Dharwad, Kalaburagi and
better change in educational quality of Teacher
Mangaluru to give the training in Library
Training Institutes; 11. Through Art Research
Science for the Employees of the Library who
Centre of DSERT, organizing the exhibitions
have not obtained the training. Information
/seminars to student– teacher community
will be given about administrative and the
of High Schools on Applications of Art, New
WHFKQLFDO VXEMHFW E\ DUUDQJLQJ UHIUHVKHU
Explorations of Art and Action Research; 12.
camps from time to time to the department
Usage of technology in education.
staff. 80 candidates are selected for each
batch. DSERT Programmes: 1.Guruchethana-
Teacher Professional Development Programme
Department of State Educational Research
7'3 2EMHFWLYHV 7R HQDEOH WHDFKHUV WR EHFRPH
and Training (DSERT)
UHÁHFWLYHSUDFWLWLRQHUV 7RSURYLGHRSSRUWXQLW\IRU
The Department of State Educational
self-motivated teacher professional development;
Research and Training, popularly known as
To form autonomous and capable teachers
DSERT isthe academic wing of the Department
to understand and facilitate self-learning
of Public Instruction. It aims at providing
opportunities during school education. It is
academic leadership in school education as well
planned to develop about 200-250 modules in
EDUCATION AND
asimproving the quality of education provided
a span of 5 years catering teachers actual need
in primary and secondary schools in the state.
SPORTS
LQWKHDFDGHPLFVXEMHFWVDVZHOODVLQHGXFDWLRQ
The DSERT was formed as a small academicunit
perspective. These modules are comprising
of the Department of Public Instruction. Itwas
HGXFDWLRQ SHUVSHFWLYH VXEMHFW SHUVSHFWLYH
then known as the State Institute of Education
key concepts, pedagogy and assessment in a
(SIE), and it originally started functioning from
integrative manner. 24 modules are translated
the northern district town of Dharwad in 1964.
into Urdu and 20 modules are translated into
This unit was later shifted to Bengaluru and the
0DUDWKLPHGLXPQHZPRGXOHVIRUVXEMHFWV
other academic units of the department of public
are developed for this year. 1804 MRPs are selected
instruction. State Institute of Science (SIS),
based on oral and written process, they are
State Educational Evaluation Unit (SEEU) and
trained to become MRPs. Upto end of December
Educational Vocational Guidance Bureau (EVG),
2018,17137 teachers are trained against the
were merged in 1975 to form a single monolithic
target of 18464.
Department of State Educational Research and
Training. Programme Outcomes: 1. Daily average
assessment of MRPs is over 75 per cent (It
2EMHFWLYHV $FWLYLWLHVRI'6(57 (QKDQFLQJ
indicating that development of high quality MRPs.)
the quality of education in primary and secondary
2. An emphasis given in modules on the learning
schools in the state. 2. Management of teacher
GLVRUGHUV UHOLHIPHDVXUHVLGHQWLÀHGLQWKH&6$6
education in the state (both pre-service and in-
& NAS exams, where trained teachers have adopted
service education) at the elementary education
suitable pedagogy in class to solve learning
and secondary education levels. 3. Management
disabilities. 2. Technically Assisted Learning
of Government Colleges of teacher education,
Programme (TALP): TALP-Technically Assisted
District Institutes of Education and Training and
Learning Programme is under implementation
other Government teacher training institutions.
during right from 2016-17 to ensure the quality 779
4. Promoting Science Education in the state. 5.
of education by effective implementation and Outcomes of the Programme: 1. Issuing of
aptly managing the repetitiveness in different &,(71&(57 DQG '6(57 MRLQW FHUWLÀFDWHV WR
technology based programmes in schools of the 7676 Induction-1 trained teachers and HMs
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
state. The programmes such as Edusat, Radio of 2016-17 and 2017-18. 2. Introducing many
Programme, Tele-Education, CAL and ICT of SSA VXEMHFW UHODWHG ,&7 7RROV DQG 0RELOH $SSV LQ
DUHGHYLVHGLQWKLVSURJUDPPH:LWKWKHREMHFWLYH 5HIUHVKHU FRXUVH IRU HQKDQFLQJ MR\IXO WHDFKLQJ
of implementing ICT programme under the and learning practices in the classroom; 3. There
leadership of school teachers and the computer is an effort to increase the attention span of the
education curriculum given by NCERT, it is duly students in the classrooms by using technology
redesigned and being implemented under the in teaching-learning practices.4. Teachers will be
name IT@SCHOOLS IN KARNATAKA. professionally reinforced by the use of technology.
3. IT@Schools in Karnataka: Content
Objectives: 1. Making Teachers as the owners
development for TALP (Technology Assisted
of their Schools’ ICT Education. 2. Enhance
Learning Program) was planned by GOK in the
Learning Achievements by way of improving mean
month of July 2016. A team of 11 members who
score of High School students by 5 percentage
were the teachers in different parts of Karnataka
in SSLC examination. 3. Use technology and
along with the team of APF started developing
e-content for improving teaching pedagogy as well
content for TALP in the month of August 2016.
as for enhancing learning outcomes.4. Enhancing
the scope of Learning and Creation by using Free Objectives: To ensure that the students of 8th
and Open Source Software’s (FOSS) and Operating Std. to 10th Std. belong to Govt. schools and
Systems. colleges have gained technology based learning
VNLOOV7RFUHDWHVXEMHFWZLVHWHFKQRORJ\EDVHG
Activities: During 2016-17 and 2017-18 under processes related to learning and teaching in
,7#6FKRROV3URJUDPPHVXEMHFWWHDFKHUV RI general classes. 3. To ensure that teachers have
Mathematics, Science, English and Social Science) the ability of using information technology and
and HMs of 1750 selected Govt. High Schools of internet knowledge as learning media. 4. To
34 educational districts were given Induction-1 establish Information Management System in
training which is based on the Teachers ICT schools and colleges. To enhance the educational
Curriculum prepared by CIETNCERT. This quality by computer education at Govt. Primary
training introduces the teachers to the world of schools, Secondary schools and Pre University
ICT and importance of ICT in the Educational colleges.
practices. Karnataka can take proud in saying that
TALP-Technology Assisted Learning Programme
LW LV WKH ÀUVW VWDWH WKDW LV WUDLQLQJ WHDFKHUV DQG
is one part of IT @ SCHOOLS IN KARNATAKA and
HMs under one MOODLE platform by adopting it is intended to this programme in 4674 Govt
CIET-NCERT prepared ‘Teachers curriculum for schools of the state in a period of 5 years from
,&7 (GXFDWLRQ· 7KH ÀUVW VWDJH RI JUDGLQJ ZRUN 2016-17. Computer lab is established with the
of e-portfolio assignments of 7676 Teachers and supply of adequate hardware in Govt. schools
HMs has been completed and the work of issuing under this programme. It aims to facilitate the
RI &,(71&(57 DQG '6(57 MRLQW FHUWLÀFDWHV trained teachers to formulate text book related
WR WKHVH 7HDFKHUV DQG +0V LV DW WKH ÀQDO e-content for the students. One laptop and
stage. Apart from these, 6424 Induction-1 trained /&' SURMHFWRU DUH SURYLGHG WR HDFK VFKRRO IRU
teachers are undergoing 10 days. Refresher this. During the year 2016-17 and 2017-18,
course training and 4776 teachers of 444 Tele- totally 1750 Govt. high schools and for the year
Education Schools and 750 newly selected schools 2018-19, 750 Govt. high schools are selected.
are getting 10 days Induction-1 training during Computer education related Induction-1 training
2018-19. This implies a total of 11200 teachers is underway for the teachers of these schools
are getting 10 days residential training at District in Mathematics, Science, Social Science and
DIET level during 2018-19. Teachers are involving English including head teachers. 1750 schools
in the training and acquiring knowledge and DUHSURYLGHGZLWKHDFKODSWRSDQG/&'SURMHFWRU
and the trained teachers are using them for
780 VNLOOVRIXVLQJPDQ\VXEMHFWUHODWHG,&77RROVDQG
mobile Apps in their classroom practices. student learning. Tender process is underway to
supply these equipments for the year 2018-19. useful tool in implementing programmes of
Computer lab for 1000 schools related to 2016- education department. Reviewing, evaluating
17 is ready for usage. During 2018-19, depending and monitoring of the programmes has become
upon the number of students, it planned to effective through video conferencing and it is
provide All-in-one computers along with BSNL reaching 41 video conference centers across the
Internet connections to these computer labs. For state.
the effective implementation of TALP programme, 5. D.Ed Curriculum Review and
6$76DQG77066WDWH3URMHFW0DQDJHPHQW8QLW Implementation: This section of DSERT deals
(PMU) is formed and 4 Resource Consultants with Pre-Service Primary teachers’ course D.Ed.
are hired from NISG (National Institute for Ed– Diploma in Elementary Education. Monitoring
Smart Government Hyderabad). For the effective and inspection of D.El.Ed institutions, to keep
implementation of TALP programme, State level track of its functioning as per the norms laid
Empowered Committee, Steering Committee State down by NCTE and the supervision of educational
3URMHFW 0DQDJHPHQW 8QLW 308 'LVWULFW 5HYLHZ and administrative matters are governed by this
Committee-DRC and District Implementation section through District Institutions of Education
Unit-DIU are formed and functioning for the & Training.Cluster meetings for capacity building
success of the programme. of trainees of D.El.Ed colleges and DIETs are
conducted through DIETs. This has enabled the
7HDFKHUV LQ WKH VXEMHFWV RI 6FLHQFH lecturers to exchange views to each other with
Mathematics, Social Science and English along UHJDUGWR'(O(GVXEMHFWVDQGDFDGHPLFV'XULQJ
with head teachers from 2500 schools for the year the year 2018-19, with regard to implementation
2016-17, 2017-18 and 2018-19 are provided with of D.El.Ed curriculum and text material Rs.10.00
TALP training so that they are able to enhance lakhs are released under the Head of Account
their technical knowledge and create learning 2202-02-001-04-059 and Rs. 5.00 lakhs are given
related e-contents to teach the students using to DIETs to conduct Cluster meetings.
ODSWRSV DQG /&' SURMHFWRUV ,Q WKH \HDU 6. NTSE and NMMS Competitive Examinations:
19, 750 schools are aimed to provide this kind of 2EMHFWLYHV 7R GHYHORS DZDUHQHVV DPRQJ
technology based learning.
EDUCATION AND
students/ parents / teachers on NTSE / NMMS
Examination. 2. Recognizing talented students
SPORTS
4. Edusat: Government of Karnataka in co-
by participation of more number of studentsin
ordination with ISRO implemented the EDUSAT
competitive examinations; 3. Encouraging the
Programme in Karnataka. The Edusat Programme
recognized talented students for further studies by
LV EHLQJ WHOHFDVW IRU WKH EHQHÀW RI providing scholarships to them. Few programmes
VWXGHQWV LQ WKH VWDWH 7KH PDLQ REMHFWLYH RI WKLV conducted to create awareness about NTSE &
SURJUDPPHLVWRWHDFKODQJXDJH RWKHUVXEMHFWV NMMS exams and to increase the enrollment
ZLWKWKHKHOSRIYLGHRÀOPVVRDVWRSURPRWHWKH of students for examinations. Question Bank
Multigrade teaching. In the year 2018-19, Rs.1.35 and hand books are prepared for exams and
corers are spent for Edusat programme. Since the distributed to all Government high schools and
studio equipments were outdated and the quality Exams were held on November 2018.Students
of the telecast was affected, Krishna studio, enrolled for NTSE & NMMS exams are 229146
SIT and Audio studios were upgraded under and 210114 students were attended the exams
Transparency Act in consultation with technical respectively.
experts spending Rs. 1.18 lakhs for the up-
7. Student ICT content and E-content: Under
gradation. Presently it is pride of DSERT to have ,7 # 6FKRROV LQ .DUQDWDND 3URMHFW (FRQWHQW
an upgraded studio which is facilitating to carry unit is working on developing e-content with
out educational programmes of the educational WKH IROORZLQJ REMHFWLYHV 7R LGHQWLI\ DOUHDG\
and non-educational departments along with available e-content/e-resources across various
state level progress review of the department. It is states, NCERT and other agencies; 2. To map the
useful for recording of educational contents and LGHQWLÀHG HFRQWHQW WR WKH V\OODEXV RI WKH 6WDWH
the same can be provided to schools. 3. To develop additional content with the support
of technical persons; 4. To curate the already
Video Conference: The Video Conference
available e-content/e-resources as per the state
facility that is developed has become a very 781
need.
Mapping of available e-resources for Concepts of through achieved in empowerment of English
Math and Science of Classes 8-10 :1. E-resources /DQJXDJH 7KH ÀUVW WLPH LQWURGXFLQJ WKH
programmes such as Edusat, Tele education, NCERT books for Aadarsha School.
KARNATAKA
CALC and Radio programme ;2. 5 Khan Academy
HAND BOOK OF
This year 1st to 3rd std teachers are undergoing In-
videos in Kannada for Math concepts; 3.21 science
service Trainings- Nalikali Samagra. This module
resources from KOER; 4. Agastya Foundation
is consolidation of nali-kali Kannada, EVS, Maths.
videos- 35 Physics, 21 Biology and 17 Chemistry;
This 5 day programme addressed multi class and
All these resources are mapped and organized
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LQ WKH IRUP RI 2IÁLQH ZHESDJH LV SUHORDGHG RQWR
This training programme effectively conducted
the laptops supplied to 1000 schools under IT@
under Guruchethana. Based on evaluation of
6FKRROV LQ .DUQDWDND SURMHFW DQG RXW RI
$6(5 .64$$&RUJDQL]DWLRQVIXOÀOOWKHWUDLQLQJ
school, 193 schools are conducted the programme.
needs for teachers with the help of questionnaires.
8. Inspire Awards - State Institute of Science: In this training used the Literature which is
This programme initiated by Department of written by Regional Institute of English, South
Science and Technology, New Delhi. Under this India, Bengaluru. In 2018-19, 63,010 teachers
programme the students from 6 to 10th Std are trained against target of 1,04,915.
studying in Govt, Aided and Unaided schools
b) High school section: 10 Days Training for In-
prepare proposals for the development of a novel
Service teachers training (Maths & Science) and
PRGHO EDVHG RQ D VFLHQWLÀF SULQFLSOH ZKLFK FDQ
2EMHFWLYHV 1HZO\ LQWURGXFHG 1&(57 ERRNV
address societal needs. The concerned school
for high school.; 2. To create activity based
submit the proposal through online. During
learning skill as learning communication.; 3.
2018-19, 41242 students submitted nominations
7R SURYLGH LQIRUPDWLRQ WR XVH WKH SURMHFWV IRU
for the awards; 7179 students are awarded with
Summatative Evaluation.; 4. To use the teaching
Rs.10,000 at District Level Exhibition.
aids with the help of available resources.; 5. To
Samagra Shikshana Abhiyana (Primary make availability of the reference books and
section and High school section) a) Primary E-contents in the library.2018-19 Programme
section: DSERT composed various training and activites Progress: Samagra Shikshana
programmes through SAMAGRA SHIKSHANA Abhiyana High school section In-service training
$%+,<$1$ LQFOXGHV 3ULPDU\ DQG +LJK 6FKRRO for 28,800 teachers plan was prepared; In order to
teachers. The training programmes are- In-service implement 10th std text books for the year 2018-
Trainings-Nalikali for 1st to 3rd std teachers, Odu 19 for both maths & science 10 days training
Karnataka+ Ganitha Kalika Andolana for1st to was organized.2. State resource group was set
3rd std teachers, an Empowerment of English up and training modules for 5 days content base
/DQJXDJHVXEMHFWZLVHWUDLQLQJIRUth standard training was prepared and maths module was
Aadarsha School teachers and 6th std Science called pramaya-1 & science module was called
DQG 0DWKV 7KH REMHFWLYHV DUH WKHIROORZLQJ prayoga-1.3. Content and activity based maths
Introducing Nali-kali system, milestones and and science training for 272 MRP has been
Competencies. 2.Introducing Revised Nali- given.4. Content and activity based maths and
Kali Cards; 3. Introducing revised Nali-Kali science training was provided for 10 days to all
Activities. Support Teachers to conduct effective the high school of aided and Govt school teachers,
classroom activities in mathematics. 4. Providing Out of the 10 days training 05 days training is
Mathematics kits to use in teaching learning provided to 16663 teachers’ Over another 5 days
process.5. Increasing the result in mathematics training going on at district level which will called
at the rate of 10 per cent every ASER report “Vighnana Lahari”. 5. IISc Kudapura Chellakere
from this year. Support Teachers to conduct in this Institution total target was 1,300 from 10
effective classroom activities in basic operations district out of which 9 district training is over.6.
in mathematics and basic reading in Kannada.6. For 9th & 10th std SC/ST and other educationally
Providing kits to use in teaching learning process. backward students special classes were conducted
7. Enable teachers to support children to make under the programme Vishwasa Kirana to build
sentences in own and express themselves.8. VHOIFRQÀGHQWVWHDFKHUVDUHLQYROYHGLQ
Introducing to extended texts. Bringing long-term training. 32,318 teachers are trained up by the
782 changes in mathematics teaching.9. To increase end of December 2018.8. Finance released to
necessity communication skill in class room RMSA was 12000 lakh and expenditure is 9040
lakh till the end of December 2018. Universities and other higher educational
institutions regarding issues related to higher
Programme Outcome:
education. The Council holds the responsibility
(QDEOHG WKH VWXGHQWV WR OHDUQ WKH GLIÀFXOt relating to introduction of new courses,
concept in easier way. development of higher education, propaganda
7R DFFHVV WKH FKLOGUHQ SURMHFW PHWKRGV DUH of research activities and developing syllabus
made easier. etc. in order to achieve progress in the above
3. With the help of library & E-contents materials VDLG VXEMHFWV 7KH &RXQFLO KDV IUDPHG PDQ\
available learning is made easier. programmes last year and is trying to continue
the activities in this direction. For the year 2018-
Teacher Education Cell.
19 of the allotted Rs.300 lakhs Grants, 1st, 2nd and
a) District Institute for Education and Training
3rd Instalment of Grants Rs. 225 lakhs has been
and College for Teachers Education and
released and the 4th quarter of Rs. 75 lakhs is
Training. to be released. For the year 2018-19 Central and
$LPV DQG 2EMHFWLYHV 6WUHQJWKHQLQJ RI State Government has sanctioned Rs.471 Crore
teacher education Institutions; 2. To organise (60:40) under RUSA 2.0 scheme. In this grant
capacity building programs for Teacher Rs.34 crore is under process for release.
Educators in DIET & DSERT; 3. To procure
Sl.
equipments essential for conducting In-service No.
Description 2017-18
Teachers training; 4. To provide technology 84392 pages
1 DTP in A-4size
support to teachers to integrate ICT in class 7647158 words
room teaching. 2 Single colour Web Offset Printing in A-1 size. 716.85 lakh Impressions
3 HMT Sheetfed Printing in A-1 size 166. 18 lakh Impressions
Programs, Activities and Physical progress:
Rs. 600.00 lakhs have been uploaded to Four Colour web Offset Printing in Double
4 217.95 lakh impressions
Crownsize.( 16 Ups Printing)ds
implement PAB approved activities pedagogy
5 Multi colour Digital Printing (A3 size) 8.06 lakh impressions
course in Science, Maths & Language has been
organized in collaboration with TISS, Mumbai Sheet fed Four Colour Printing
6 16.64 lakh impressions
(15” X 20”size)
ICT Induction-01 course developed by CIET,
EDUCATION AND
Single colour Digital printing+ Riso Printing 137.40 lakh
New Delhi has been organized. PAB approved 7
(A3 size) impressions
SPORTS
programs are being implemented in 30 DIETs Single colour web offset Double Reel Printing
8 59.52 lakh impressions
& DSERT. (32 Ups crown 1/4th size)
b) Teacher Eligibility Test. 9 Binding of Books, Text Books & Pads etc., 118.94 lakh copies
10 Envelope Making 12.42 lakh envelopes
Aims and Objectives: To prepare question
papers for TET as per the details given below: Sports
Sl. Sport, with its economic, social, physical and
Paper-01 Paper-02
No. personal bearings, aspects, plays a key role in
1 Child development and pedagogy Child development and pedagogy keeping the citizens of state healthy and energetic.
2 First Language (08 Subject) FirstLanguage(08 Subject) It helps build social ties in heterogeneous
populations and social harmony of the state.
3 Second Language (08 Subject) Second Language(08 Subject)
Participation in sports also has a number of
4 Environmental Science Science and Mathematics
positive effects at individual and societal level.
5 - Social Science Excellence and achievement in sports brings
D VHQVH RI SULGH DQG FRQÀGHQFH ,Q WKH OLJKW RI
Programs and Activities: 1. In 2018-19 Academic
year, Question Papers for T.E.T. Examination WKHVH EHQHÀWV WKH *RYHUQPHQW RI .DUQDWDND
is prepared; 2. In Seven Mediums, Paper-1 & is committed to developing a well-designed and
Paper-2 Question Papers were prepared. implementable Sports Policy that can ensure
high performance on various dimensions through
Karnataka State Higher Education Council effective sports governance and sustain a culture
(KSHEC): Karnataka State Higher Education of sports and penetration.
Council was established in 2010 with the
REMHFWLYHRIIUDPLQJSROLFLHVIRUKLJKHUHGXFDWLRQ Given Karnataka’s rich sporting heritage, its
and to give suggestions to State Government, Sports Policy seeks to actively leverage its existing 783
strengths and competitive advantages. Karnataka achievement, bringing laurels to themselves as
is a state that boasts of a high level of literacy, well as to Karnataka. Legacy–creating a platform
educated population, and a well-informed younger for iconic sportspersons of the state to mentoring
KARNATAKA
and contributing to sports development in the
HAND BOOK OF
generation. It has a culture of innovation, evolved
industrial and professional institutions and state and hosting sporting events of national and
excellent centres of higher education. The Sports international repute so that a virtuous cycle is
Policy for Karnataka will leverage these assets for created for sustained sports eco-system.
inculcating sports culture, sports penetration and
Objectives : 7KH RYHUDOO REMHFWLYH RI WKH 6SRUWV
high performance.
Policy for Karnataka in line with the Vision and
6SRUWV KDV EHHQ D VXEMHFW PDWWHU RI SROLFLHV Core Value is to create a vibrant, knowledge-
plans and programmes of the state, the most enabled, technology driven, transparent eco-
UHFHQW EHLQJ WKH .DUQDWDND <RXWK 3ROLF\ system for the development and promotion of
7KH 0LQLVWU\ RI <RXWK $IIDLUV DQG 6SRUWV sports participation and sports excellence in
Government of India has also prescribed certain .DUQDWDND7KHREMHFWLYHZRXOGEHWRDFKLHYHWKH
policies and frameworks with respect to sports at goal of sportspersons ‘developed in Karnataka’
the national and international level. While these to win atleast 4 gold medals at the Olympics/
have facilitated certain reforms, there is need for a Paralympics; and the state team to be regularly
comprehensive review and envisioning of policies placed within the top 3 (in terms of medal
and measures that can create vibrant sports eco- tally) at every edition of the National Games. In
systems. This is especially relevant in the context achieving this, the Sports Policy envisions the
RI WKH LQFUHDVLQJO\ VFLHQWLÀF FRPSHWLWLYH DQG following: Developing a healthy society through
professional nature of sports internationally on greater participation in sports by children, youth,
the one hand and the increasing felt need among economically weak, differently abled, diverse
general public in India. genders, through improved access to facilities,
equipment, infrastructure, venues and knowledge;
Vision: The vision of the proposed Sport Policy and sporting events.; Establish frame work for
for Karnataka is “To create an enabling, inclusive, and practice of private-public participation;
dynamic, competitive environment in Karnataka Implement internationally accepted best practices
that enables and empowers the people of in sports governance and administration, non-
.DUQDWDNDWRH[SHULHQFHDQGEHQHÀWIURPDVWURQJ discrimination, sports access, fair play and sports
sports culture, and to facilitate creation of a self- integrity; Introduce appropriate and adequate
sustaining sports eco-system that makes sports incentive structures in the reward/recognition
DIIRUGDEOHHQMR\DEOHDQGVXVWDLQDEOHIRUDOOZKR schemes and policies; Encourage sports-related
wish to play and more so for those who wish to educational programmes; Position the state as
excel in global platforms.” a preferred destination for international sports
The Sports Policy for Karnataka envisions hub, sports industry, sports medicine and sports
creating a sports eco-system, through strategic technology.
interventions by the Government of Karnataka, The Government of Karnataka will enact a
which has four main aspects aimed at broad base comprehensive “The Karnataka Sports Policy”
of ‘Engage’ to the highest point of ‘Legacy’ through to realize the goals through strengthening of
‘Facilitate’, and ‘Reward’ stages. Engage– Providing the governance, institutional and administrative
every resident of Karnataka an opportunity to system. This will also be in compliance with
engage and experience playing one or more sports the National Policies of Government, various
of her/his preference. Facilitate–Providing basic associations and court decisions.
sports infrastructure, facilities and know-how to
anyone wanting to move up the ladder of sports Governance and Institutions: Karnataka will
of his liking. It will provide necessary soft and implement international and national best
hard infrastructure to enable them to participate practices in the governance of sports and sports
at competitive level. Recognition–bestowing bodies; and will be synchronous with national
rewards through appreciation, recognition, policy and court decisions. Karnataka will
privileges for athletes and coaches, and have introduce policies and where necessary introduce
784 laws to ensure that every sports facility across
excelled by exhibiting high performance and
the state provides equal and non-discriminatory Making Karnataka as a hub for all sports related
access and a safe, need-appropriate environment medical needs of the athletes. This hub shall
to all sections of society without discrimination. have physio-therapists, doctors and counselors
Karnataka will frame policies, and enact and who have expertise in sports medicine along with
implement laws where necessary to deter and psychologists for mental strengthening.; Physical
tackle sports fraud and uphold fair play and education to be implemented as a compulsory
sports integrity. Sports Authority of Karnataka VXEMHFW LQ WKH V\OODEXV RI HYHU\ SXEOLF VFKRRO
VKDOO EH VWUHQJWKHQHG WR IXOÀOO LWV REMHFWLYHV DQG across the state and 100% of children in Karnataka
DFKLHYH WKH REMHFWLYHV RI WKLV 6SRUWV 3ROLF\ DQG aged 6-14 will be involved in atleast 1/2 hour a
provide the platform for resource mobilization and day of organized physical activity/sport. Provide
deployment. nutritious meals such as milk, egg or fruit to them
to encourage them to actively participate. Extend
Sports industry, sports business and sports mandatory sports education from pre-school right
entrepreneurship can contribute about Rs.5000 up to post-graduate level with atleast 60 minutes
crores annually to Karnataka’s GDP. SAK will be duration; Aiming for Physical Education teachers
strengthened by bringing in more professional in all schools across Karnataka.
support. Bengaluru will be recognized as a
national-sports hub and will be placed among the Governance and Institutions would constitute
top 10 in the global sports city index rankings. the key stone of the eco system of sports culture
It will also be developed as Sports Medicine Hub and performance in sports. The various progressive
and Sports Technology Hub. Framework will be high impact policy formulations contained in the
evolved to promote Public private partnerships Sports Policy for Karnataka could prove to be in
for upgrading, building and maintenance of fructuous if the institutional mechanism of the
infrastructure, promotion of events and rewards, YDULRXV VSRUWV IHGHUDWLRQV DQG WKHLU DIÀOLDWHG
adopting and sponsoring talented sportspersons; bodies in Karnataka do not keep in step with the
and contribution of private sector will grow vision envisaged herein (many organizations are
VLJQLÀFDQWO\ representatives of National/International Sports
Federations). The various aspects of governance
EDUCATION AND
Hard Infrastructure: Bengaluru will be developed are discussed here.
as the Centre for Sports Excellence in select sports
SPORTS
Sports Regulation: The Sports Policy for
with infrastructure of international standards.
Karnataka, while being aware and respectful of
Every taluk and town municipality in Karnataka
the need for autonomy of sports institutions and
will have atleast one active and well-endowed
state associations also attaches great importance
community sports centre and every district will
to the principles of good governance and their
have atleast one multi-sports coaching centre,
implementation by Policy and shall endeavor
one swimming pool of Olympic standard each with
bringing in a comprehensive Karnataka Sports
professional management, appropriate equipment,
Act, especially: SAK and Sports Associations
trained coaches, management information systems
to adhere to the ideals of ‘Public Authority’ in
and effective community outreach programmes.
maintaining established practices of public
Set up ‘Centres of Sporting Excellence’ for seniors
governance, democratic principles of periodic
(18 years and above) in Karnataka, offering world-
elections, broad based representation, ethics and
class training facilities and Sports College/
transparency; Effective corporate management
University for offering professional courses on
structures to make possible a democratic
different aspects of management of professional
GHFLVLRQPDNLQJSURFHVVFRGHRIHWKLFVÀQDQFLDO
sport. Training infrastructure for coaching, para- transparency and audit of accounts; To be
staff, physiotherapy, psychology, technology etc. accountable to the citizens of Karnataka for the
to be set up. performance and on matters related to their
Soft Infrastructure: Karnataka will have an public functions. Framing of rules to bring in
information and outreach cell to advance WUDQVSDUHQF\ GHÀQLWLRQ RI UROHV SRZHUV GXWLHV
awareness on the schemes offered/implemented by recognition etc.
the government to interested people.; The strength The four cornerstones of Good Sports
of quDOLÀHG VSRUWV FRDFKHV LQ .DUQDWDND ZLOO EH Governance are: Transparency, Ethics, 785
increased from time to time as per requirement.; Professionalism and Accountability. These
principles are fundamental in nature, and every 3+<6,&$/ ),71(66 0,66,21 IRU WKLV SXUSRVH
sport federation in Karnataka shall be required It shall also encourage inculcation of sports in
to comply with these not only to strengthen the adolescents through a special scheme under this
KARNATAKA
system for sports administration in Karnataka
HAND BOOK OF
mission.
but also to make sports federations achieve
excellence. The State would create environment of security
for women and proactively encourage participation
Globally, many different sports governing of women in the sports. Appropriate codes of
bodies have considered issues of good governance conduct for behavior of coaches, personnel and
in their own unique context and the best practices spectators with children and with women will be
emerging from these may be considered for laid down. It will seek to provide separate dressing
implementation in Karnataka. rooms and toilet facilities for women, providing
Sports Access : The Government of Karnataka them training and procedures to protect girls and
wishes to make sports inclusive and broad- women. All sport organizations in Karnataka and
based through–The accessibility of facilities– their associated sport programs shall also enforce
infrastructure and space–for the greatest possible anti sexual-harassment and sexual abuse policies.
number of individuals, organizations and sectors
Sports Integrity: Integrity is crucial to the
of sports and recreation across the community
success of any sports competition. There shall
and facilitating access to low-cost or no-cost
be fair and honest performances and outcomes,
facilities and public spaces to provide additional
unaffected by illegitimate enhancements or
physical activity opportunities. The development
external interests. Athletes, administrators,
RILQQRYDWLRQVVXFKDVPRGLÀHGJDPHUXOHVDQG
RIÀFLDOV VXSSRUWHUV DQG RWKHU VWDNH KROGHUV
low-cost equipment, to increase the desirability
of taking up and participating in sport and on and off the sporting arena, which maintains
recreational activities, across all age groups and and enhances the reputation and standing of the
sectors of the community. The passing of guidelines sporting contest and of sport overall shall ensure
and law where necessary, to establish minimum fair, honest and positive conduct of the sport.
infrastructural and operational standards, Activities and behaviors that, in the context of
including in relation to non-discriminatory access, India, can be viewed as a threat to the integrity
personal safety, sports safety, and removal of of sport include but are not limited to: Doping,
barriers to entry and participation. )L[LQJ$JH)UDXGDQG&RQÁLFWRI,QWHUHVW
Access to Diverse Segments: The new regulations A comprehensive regulation to combat the
will provide opportunities for every resident of complex threat of sports fraud based on deep
Karnataka to access sport facilities that are safe, understanding of the nature and scale of sports
age-appropriate and need-appropriate. The Policy fraud by all the stakeholders in sport is need of
urges Sports Authority of Karnataka (SAK) to issue the hour. A sports fraud prevention framework,
guidelines to ensure safety, service standards and rules and procedures with focus around a set of
responsibilities of the Government, educational principles governing sports integrity; compliance
institutions, local authorities, sports service with, monitoring and surveillance of those
providers, etc., in ensuring that every resident guidelines; and sensitization and education of
of Karnataka is able to access sports facilities stakeholders with respect to the guidelines will be
without impediment. formulated.
The State will introduce schemes to proactively The regulatory policy (which will be translated
encourage participation by diverse segments into Act, required to make it enforceable)
of society through specialized events, training will address issues related to key aspects
camps, free coaching and other means of outreach of: Disseminating best practices iQ ÀQDQFLDO
to underserved segments and communities like management, procurement; Promoting basic
children, young adults, women, economically VWDQGDUGV IRU FRPEDWLQJ PDWFKÀ[LQJ DQG
weaker sections, LGBTQ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, other illegal practices in sports; Providing anti-
transgender and queer (and/or questioning) corruption education and training to amateur and
individuals/identities) and the differently abled. professional athletes, and coaches; Enhancing
786
The State will setup a KARNATAKA STATE cooperation and coordination of actions at regional,
national and international levels, including Committee, if found necessary. Each of these
assistance in corruption investigations; Creation committees shall be responsible for the execution
of appropriate structures and vigilance bodies to and development of a particular aspect of the
look at offences, investigation mechanisms and Policy. These committees shall be professionally
SHQDOWLHV ZLWK UHVSHFW WR GRSLQJ PDWFK À[LQJ PDQDJHG E\ SHUVRQV ZLWK UHOHYDQW TXDOLÀFDWLRQV
age fraud and governance related issues; in the area of expertise of the particular committee.
Additionally, the committees shall strive to ensure
Sports Advisory Body: The Department of
adequate representation of eminent sports
<RXWK (PSRZHUPHQW DQG 6SRUWV '<(6 ZDV
persons from Karnataka in their staff. These
re-organized in 1980 with the merger of the
structures will become trend bearers of sports
Karnataka Sports Council and the erstwhile
reform and inspire other states.
'LUHFWRUDWH RI <RXWK 6HUYLFHV IRUPHG LQ
There is need and scope to look at the Institutional These committees will be supported by
structure to strengthen sports administration bringing in professional inputs, evolving systems
and performance of the State. to implement the recommendations of the
&RPPLWWHHVDQGÀQDOO\PRQLWRULQJDQGUHSRUWLQJ
The Sports Policy for Karnataka envisages
the implementation to the Committees. An
infusing professional management and
important Committee will be Sports in Education
accountability for performance in the
committee. This Committee will be tasked with
structure. A professional management body
the role of integrating sports and education and
may be constituted to support SAK in resource
operationalizing it. Educational institutions are
management, performance management of the
uniquely placed to play a vital role for students
sports and sports associations, attaining global
LQ UHVSHFW RI WKH VSRUWLQJ DQG ÀWQHVV UHODWHG
standards, spreading sports culture, ensuring
aspects of their personal and professional
high performance in competitive sports, etc.
lives. This Committee would facilitate schools,
Inter alia, responsibilities and powers of SAK colleges and universities in Karnataka to reorient
would include: Providing support in sports policy their infrastructure, courses and approaches
implementation, reporting, monitoring and review. to encourage and enable our youngsters to
EDUCATION AND
Advising the government on matters pertaining to play sports whether professional or amateur,
SPORTS
sports generally, as to the methods, measures and competitive or casual, international or local,
policies to be adopted to facilitate the development while simultaneously pursuing academics. There
of sports, and where empowered so to do, to are serious system issues in coordination and
implement and assist in the implementation of integration between education departments and
related schemes; Facilitating and coordinating sports administration and this Committee shall
activities of government departments and non- play the key role in integration.
governmental agencies; Annual and periodic
This Committee shall drive the formulation and
appraisal and reporting to Government on the
formalization of sports and physical education
performance of state federations and associations
curriculum at all levels of education institutions
dealing in sports on international national
in the state. The Committee shall be empowered to
performance, due diligence of the systems in use,
prescribe the minimum standards with respect to
and audit reports; Identifying and promoting
infrastructure, equipment and coaching that are
sporting enterprises including support through
to be made available at each level of education.
equity participation, and opening up sports
These standards shall be actively monitored and
facilities and destinations; Prescribing and
shall be a condition to licensing and accreditation
regulating standards to be maintained by sports
and continuance thereof. The Council shall
agencies, institutions and enterprises; and
establish the broad principles and guidelines
Conducting events, conferences, conventions,
according to which competitions and events will
investment summits.
be conducted within and among educational
Special Committees: SAK will constitute special institutions at all levels.
committees on critical areas like, Sports in
The Committee shall also be empowered to
Education, the Sports Co-ordination Committee,
issue guidelines and decisions from time to time
the Sports Ethics & Integrity Committee, Sports 787
to make the pursuit of high performance sports by
Disputes Committee and the Sports Commerce
talented athletes compatible with continued formal conduct or organize by the SAK itself to ensure
education. Guidelines shall also be provided from participation in tournaments, competitions,
time to time with respect to appropriate handling training courses, seminars, coaching centres,
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
of highly talented athletes. Policy tools including exhibitions, tours and other items which help in
marks/credit for sports, waiver of attendance, the promotion of sports and games in the State;
ÁH[LEOHVFKHGXOHVDQGH[DPLQDWLRQVDQGPDNHXS 7R FRQIHU WLWOHV LVVXH FHUWLÀFDWHV RU SUL]HV DQG
classes would be encouraged. VFKRODUVKLSV RU RWKHU EHQHÀWV LQ UHFRJQLWLRQ RU
for encouragement of sports among students,
Role of Karnataka Olympic Association (KOA):
workers, public servants and others; To introduce
$SDUWIURPWKH6WDWH*RYHUQPHQWDQGWKH'<(6 insurance and accident insurance coverage for
SAK, the other key stakeholder is the Karnataka sportsmen, coaches and referees in the manner
Olympic Association. All state sports associations as may be prescribed; To grant assistance by way
PXVW EH DIÀOLDWHG DQG UHFRJQL]HG E\ WKH .2$ of loans or otherwise to any person, educational
to be eligible for state grants and support. They institutions, sports in general or to promote any
have a crucial role to play in the development of particular venture or item of sorts; To raise fund
different sports disciplines and in the processes generally for carrying on its activities; To arrange
connected with the selection and preparation of or otherwise make provisions for conducting
for participation in National Games and other competitions in sports in the state at national,
National and International events. KOA will international inter-state or local level and to
examine and forward all requests regarding arrange sports exposure tours; To give grants or
ÀQDQFLDO DVVLVWDQFH WR 6WDWH 6SRUWV $VVRFLDWLRQV funds to recognized sports organizations; To make
and all such requests shall be forwarded through arrangements for establishing play grounds and
.2$WRWKH'<(6 WKH'<(6VKDOOGLUHFWO\UHOHDVH for providing equipment’s and facilities for them;
grants to respective associations. To establish, administer and regulate research
centres or centres for development of any sports
Thus KOA Must Review the processes and
including adventurous and martial sports;
content of the Long Term Development Plans,
aimed at preparing target and action oriented To establish sports information centre, or
plans for different disciplines; As a part of the centres to collect the statistics and store the
above, review of the processes and content basic data connected with sports and to run
of action plans geared to preparation, and libraries and museums connected with sports;
participation of national teams for various events; To formulate and implement schemes for the
The establishment of a system of accountability welfare of sportspersons; To formulate and
when receiving assistance from the Government; implement schemes for the welfare of the disabled
Any Sports Association that does not hold AGMs, VSRUWVSHUVRQV 7R À[ FULWHULD IRU WKH DSSURYDO
other statutory meetings and submit audited and working of sports associations including the
statement of accounts shall not be entitled to any state unit of national sports federation having
DVVLVWDQFHIURPWKH'<(66$.DQG*RYHUQPHQW central government /world sport’s governing
body recognition; To do any other act that may
Institutions of Sports Policy/Authorities of
EHFRQGXFWLYHWRWKHIXUWKHUDQFHRIWKHREMHFWVRI
KARNATAKA: Save as otherwise expressly
this act; To exercise the powers and to discharge
SURYLGHG WKH '<(6 RU 6SRUWV $XWKRULW\ RI
the functions conferred under this act or the rules
Karnataka shall have the following powers and
made there under. To groom budding talent to
functions, namely:- To organize, co-ordinate, achieve excellence at international level. To scout
regulate and promote all types of sports in the talent in the age group of 8-14 years & admit
State; To establish sports information centers, them in regimental centers in the army campus.
stadia, pavilions, playgrounds, parks, children’s 7KHFKLOGUHQDOVRKDYHWKHRSSRUWXQLW\WRMRLQWKH
parks, sports training centres, circuit training DUP\7RSURYLGHLQKRXVH6FLHQWLÀFDQG7HFKQLFDO
centres and to construct buildings, swimming JXLGDQFHWRWKHMXQLRUOHYHOVSRUWVSHUVRQVLQWKH
pools, and pools for water polo and boats race age group of 14-21years who have won medals at
and gymnasia; To acquire or formally request national level competitions. These children are
properties for carrying out all or any of its admitted under SAI Training Centre Scheme. To
788 activities for which SAK is responsible; To utilize the infrastructure at Regional centres of
SAI by scouting talented sports persons who are as Sports Hub. It has to plan across sports keeping
at the brim of making a mark and admit them in mind infrastructure and resource requirement.
to center of excellence established at Regional Bengaluru as Hub will give an agenda for SAK to
centers. To provide expert training to national level mobilize funds from private sector, attract and
sports persons and prepare them for Olympics, energize players and coaches. The private players
Asian games, Common wealth Games and other will automatically respond with Medicine and
International Sports meets. Calendar of events technology infrastructure.
shall be prepared by associations and submitted
to KOA and SAK by 1st week of April every year. Events and Promotion : Annual Calendar of
events shall be declared by all sports associations
SAK will play an important role in ZHOOLQDGYDQFHDQGJHWLWDSSURYHGE\'<(6DQG
professionalizing sports management towards
LIIDLOHGWRGRVRVKDOOQRWEHHOLJLEOHIRUÀQDQFLDO
ensuring sports excellence as well as sports for
DQ\DVVLVWDQFHIURP'<(61DWLRQDOSURIHVVLRQDO
empowerment. An important role of SAK will be
leagues will be encouraged to adopt Bengaluru as
in advising sports Associations and Federations
one of the host cities. International events calendar
LQ H[HFXWLQJ WKHLU REMHFWLYHV XSJUDGLQJ WKHLU
will be developed and proactively followed up. SAK
systems, and ensuring sports excellence. In
will proactively promote Bengaluru Brand.
enabling ‘Sports for Excellence’, it would look at
various aspects relating to the management of Besides hosting sports events of importance,
sports like: ensuring effective soft infrastructure, the brand building will include holding of periodic
resource mobilization, proper maintenance of large scale sports expos and exhibitions. The city
infrastructure, event and calendar management, will collaborate with other sports hubs across
etc. The central piece of the whole intervention WKH ZRUOG LQ RUJDQLVLQJ DQG PDQDJLQJ PDMRU
will be to anchor Bengaluru as the Sports Hub sports events. This will ensure exposure to latest
with strong linkages with Sports Medicine Hub technology and practices. It shall include wide
and Technology Hub.
ranging areas including areas like nutrition,
Website : A key aspect of transparency will be sports-wear, etc. The expos shall seek to bring
information dissemination. SAK will develop together prominent sports personalities, leading
EDUCATION AND
a state of art dynamic website which will be sports brands, sports educational universities
SPORTS
informative as well as facilitating interactions and centres of excellence, across globe as well
and transactions; and will provide a platform from India.
for all Associations to communicate their
Competitive environment: $NH\REMHFWLYHRI6$.
governance, calendar, programmes, events,
activities, etc. Individual Associations can have will be in inculcating a competitive sports culture
their websites but will be linked to this website. in Karnataka. It will encourage competitive sports
All sportspersons and coaches in Karnataka will at all levels. A consolidated database and calendar
be registered members of this website. Once they of sports competitions at Taluk, District and
reach certain stage, they will be given unique ID. Karnataka-level setting out the dates and sport
All scholarships and awards will be paid through disciplines in respect of which such competitions
this website. This will also provide information on are organised shall be prepared and widely
national and international events. This can also circulated among likely participants. The regular
be an informative site giving inputs on health, organization of games and competitions in sport,
training, coaching, equipments, etc. at Taluk, District and Karnataka-levels will serve
to encourage the adoption of a healthy competitive
Sports Hub: The capital, Bengaluru, is ideally
environment where talent is recognised, celebrated
positioned for development as a sport-city. It
and given its due reward.
possesses sportsfriendly weather year round, a
sports-loving population, and multiple sports The State shall incentivise the organization of
stadia. It has world-class hospitality infrastructure sports competitions by local units (such as local
and global and national connectivity. Bengaluru sports clubs, youth clubs, schools and colleges)
also has experience in hosting national and by allotting funds on the basis of the participation
international level competitions. SAK will come rate achieved in games at the local-level. The
with a plan and road map for making Bengaluru State shall engage with community leaders and 789
Panchayat leaders to encourage the linkage of by athletes from/representing Karnataka. The
the sport with cultural festivals to encourage aforementioned rewards will be issued based on
participation. While these will encourage mass the achievement and without requiring athletes
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
sports, SAK will support champions from to apply for the same. Further, in addition to the
participating in competitive sports at various cash awards for successful athletes, coaches from
levels including international level. Karnataka who win international laurels will also
be provided with suitable cash awards as may be
,GHQWLÀFDWLRQ RI KLJK SHUIRUPDQFH VSRUWV SAK
determined from time to time.
ZLWK VXSSRUW IURP '<(6 ZLOO LGHQWLI\ VSHFLÀF
sports wherein Karnataka is already at high In order to further the popularity of
DFKLHYHPHQW OHYHO 7DUJHW VSHFLÀF DQG IRFXVHG sportspersons and excellence in sport, the current
support will help win medals in key national and ‘Ekalavya Award’, ‘Lifetime Achievement Award’
international competitions which will help boost and ‘Karnataka Kreeda Ratna Award’ shall be
overall morale. The choice of and number of expanded and promoted. Ekalavya Award: State’s
priority disciplines shall be reviewed once every highest sports award given to sportspersons for
4 years (ideally, every Summer Olympic Games their consistent performance over the preceding
F\FOH E\'<(6EDVHGRQLQSXWVIURPDSSURSULDWH 5 years in Olympic Sports Disciplines only. It
federations and performance with inputs from shall consists of Rs 2 lakhs, a trophy, scroll
experts. Athlete Carding and Sports Management and Attire. The function shall be held on 29th
Information System. August, celebrated as National Sports Day.
0DMRU 'K\DQDFKDQG·V ELUWKGD\ HYHU\ \HDU /LIH
:LWK WKH DLP RI EHWWHU LGHQWLÀFDWLRQ DQG
Time Achievement Award: Given for coaching. It
tracking of the state’s elite athletes, as well as
consists of Rs 1.50 lakhs, a trophy, scroll and
optimal allocation of resources, the state will
Attire. Karnataka Kreeda Ratna Award: Given for
introduce an athlete carding scheme whereby high
contributions and achievements in Olympic and
performing as well as talented athletes (from the
Non Olympic Sports Disciplines. It consists of Rs
MXQLRUWRWKHVHQLRUOHYHOV ZLWKSRGLXPSRWHQWLDO
1 lakhs, a trophy, scroll and Attire.
DW WKH HOLWH OHYHO ZLOO EH V\VWHPDWLFDOO\ LGHQWLÀHG
and accredited (“Athlete Carding”). The Athlete Apart from the Government, there is a lot of
Carding system will entail the distribution of support from the passionate institutions for the
smart cards to athletes (“Carded Athletes”), as well development and promotion of Sports in the
as the maintenance of a centralized Management State. A new Award ‘Karnataka Kreeda Poshaka
Information System database that lists the Carded Ratna Award’ to recognize and felicitate such
Athletes and tracks the performance and support sports organisations will be introduced. It will
provided to each Carded Athlete. carry a cash prize of Rs.5 lakh each with citation.
Every year two organizations will be bestowed
Cash Awards: Recognition of medal winning
with this award.
sportspersons by providing cash awards is a
VLJQLÀFDQW IDFWRU LQ VXSSRUWLQJ HQFRXUDJLQJ Avenues shall be explored to bring on board
and promoting excellence in sport. Furthermore, private sponsors and create a well publicized and
KLJKSURÀOH FDVK UHZDUGV KDYH WKH SRWHQWLDO WR broadcasted annual awards function for these
attract talent from other states as well as act as awards. In addition, a dedicated award shall
an incentive for excellence for the state’s existing also be introduced for successful coaches from
sportspersons. It will present tiered structure the state who produce medal winning sports
of cash awards schemes for those athletes who persons representing Karnataka in the National
perform out standingly in the various competitions. Games and representing India in international
The state has harmonized the quantum of awards competitions in Olympic disciplines.
provided to fully-abled and Para-athletes.
Incentives for sportspersons at the amateur/
The quantum of the rewards shall be reviewed semi-professional levels: It is important for
E\ '<(6 RQFH LQ \HDUV NHHSLQJ LQ PLQG WKH 6WDWH WR IRUPXODWH WKH ÀQDQFLDO DQG RWKHU
national and international practice among peers. rewards and incentives necessary for encouraging
790 Additionally, rewards may also be provided for participation at various amateur/semi-amateur
participation in Olympic/Paralympics Games competitions. In this respect, Karnataka will
endeavor to: Continue to support sports meets for athletes in the aforementioned programme.
amateurs and semi-professionals across the State,
Sports Centres of Excellence: A three tier
and provide adequate cash awards for the winners
structure will be developed for nurturing potential
of such meets; Create a performance pathway for
sports talent in the State. At level 1: Sports
the best performers at the above competitions
Hostels; At level 2: Sports Academies; At level 3:
to become eligible for high-performance support
Sports Centres of Excellence.
schemes such as Athlete Carding; Promote and
publicize the winners of such competitions at Sports Hostels: 6SRUWV +RVWHO LV WKH ÁDJVKLS
annual district and youth sports festivals; and SURJUDPPHRI'<(6'<(6ZLOOSURYLGHVHSDUDWH
Collaborate with the education department and facilities for male and female sportspersons and
educational institutions to grant students marks LPSDUW VFLHQWLÀF WUDLQLQJ 'LIIHUHQW GLVWULFWV ZLOO
for high achievement in sport and attendance have different disciplines to train talented young
relaxation, where appropriate. sportspersons at different levels. The Sports
Hostel network will be expanded to all the Taluks
Financial support and performance
in due course of time to tap the rural sports talent
enhancement grants to select athletes: Direct
DQG SURYLGH VFLHQWLÀF WUDLQLQJ WR QXUWXUH WKH
ÀQDQFLDO VXSSRUW VKDOO EH SURYLGHG WR VHOHFW
talent. Sports Hostels will be upgraded to sports
Carded Athletes and high performing teams based
academies in select disciplines for providing
on long term development plans. This is to enable
specialized training. All facilities required for
them to commit to longer periods of training and
better performance will be provided by tagging
competition, which are requisite in their progress
with expert institutions.
towards the pinnacle in international sports
HYHQWV)RUWKHSXUSRVHRIGLUHFWÀQDQFLDOVXSSRUW Sports Academies: Existing Sports Hostels
Carded Athletes and teams shall be categorized will be upgraded into Sports Academies. Each
into the following two programmes: ‘World Class’ DFDGHP\ ZLOO FDWHU WR VSHFLÀF VSRUWV GLVFLSOLQH
– this programme is designed to support high- It is proposed to establish Separate Sports
performing athletes and teams with realistic Academies for select sports for encouraging higher
performance and achievements at International
EDUCATION AND
medal capabilities at Olympic Games/World
Championships, or realistic medal capabilities competitions. The best talent in each sport will
SPORTS
at Paralympics Games, and are a maximum of EHLGHQWLÀHGJLYHQDGPLVVLRQDQGWKHLUSRWHQWLDO
four years away from the podium. ‘World Class will be nurtured by the best resources. Regular
Potential’ – this programme is designed to support Analysis of the performance and progress will
athletes and teams whose performances suggest be done by the Sports Technology Cell and the
that they have realistic medal winning capabilities non-performers will be weeded out on a yearly
at the subsequent Olympic/Paralympics Games basis. The infrastructure will be upgraded to
or World Championships, and are a maximum of SURYLGHVFLHQWLÀFWUDLQLQJIRUKLJKHUSHUIRUPDQFH
eight years away from the podium. nutritious food, better staying facilities, sports
science centre, world class infrastructure and
6$. ZLWK WKH DFWLYH VXSSRUW RI '<(6 ZLOO WDNH equipments. The academies will be given limited
steps to mobilize corporates to support the functional autonomy. Each academy will be
VHOHFWHGVSRUWVSHUVRQVÀQDQFLDOO\WRHQDEOHWKHP supported with requisite human resources and
to pursue their goal without hindrance. It will ÀQDQFLDO DOORFDWLRQV &RDFKHV RI ,QWHUQDWLRQDO
evolve framework and systems to identify such calibre will be hired for training. The exposure
talents, and design appropriate support system to tours will be arranged for the sportspersons.
enable to realize their potential. The selection and
categorization of athletes and the quantum and Sports Centres of Excellence: Will be established
nature of assistance shall be determined, based at Vidyanagar (Bengaluru) &/or Kudige &/or at
on performance research and on proposals, by any other suitable location as may be demand
DQ H[SHUW FRPPLWWHH FRQVWLWXWHG VSHFLÀFDOO\ IRU necessary to provide post sports career support to
the purpose. The committee will also deliberate the sportspersons and also to build the capacities
DQG GHFLGH XSRQ WKH TXDOLÀFDWLRQ DQG HOLJLELOLW\ of sportspersons to develop into a world class
RI DWKOHWHV IRU DFFUHGLWDWLRQ DQG FODVVLÀFDWLRQ RI sportsperson. 791
Undergraduate diploma courses in sports- Compulsory physical education and curriculum
UHODWHG VXEMHFWV 7KH &(6 ZRXOG RIIHU FHUWDLQ design: The integration of an organised physical
FKRVHQGLSORPDYRFDWLRQDOFHUWLÀFDWHFRXUVHVLQ activity regime in the curriculum of all schools
KARNATAKA
VSRUWVUHODWHGVXEMHFWVVXFKDVVSRUWVPDQDJHPHQW
HAND BOOK OF
across the state shall be facilitated through co-
sports nutrition, sports performance, sports ordination with the Department of Education.
coaching, etc. to sportsperson of certain standing. The physical activity regime shall include at the
7KHVHGLSORPDVFRXOGEHPRGXOHEDVHGDQGSURMHFW minimum, at least half an hour a day of organised
oriented rather than time-bound, facilitating physical activity on every working school day for
ÁH[LELOLW\ IRU WKRVH LQYROYHG LQ H[WHQVLYH WUDYHO all children aged between 6 to 14 years. Wherever
and training relating to their competitive sports practicable, the physical activity regime shall also
schedules. Based on academic performance and be extended to students in the ninth and tenth
time availability, the opportunity may also be standards and may exceed the minimum activity
presented to diploma holders to later upgrade levels. Quality physical education curriculum
their diplomas to degrees with additional course VKDOO EH GHVLJQHG LQ FRQVXOWDWLRQ ZLWK PDMRU
ZRUN DQG SURMHFW ZRUN 7KH GLSORPD DQG GHJUHH school examining boards, the state education
FRXUVHV VXEMHFW WR DYDLODELOLW\ ZRXOG DOVR EH department, relevant central ministries and
open to those persons interested in working in the with other key stakeholders. Curriculum shall
sports administration and management who are incorporate international best practices, which
not themselves competitive athletes. are tailored to meet local needs and issues.
Opportunities will be presented to the CES Activities and Outreach: Sporting Talent
to build alliances and partnerships with other (YDOXDWLRQSURJUDPPHDVVSHFLÀHGLQWKH6SRUWV
educational institutions with a focus on sports Policy will be conducted in all schools across the
and to have exchange and training programmes. state to test the physical aptitude and sporting
The CES will also conduct regular seminars, talent of school children. The state shall, through
conclaves, conferences etc. across the state to the Community Sports Centres, also initiate
encourage knowledge sharing and dialogue and community outreach programmes in economically
discussion among sports stakeholders. EDFNZDUGWULEDODQGUHPRWHDUHDVVSHFLÀFDOO\WR
Sports knowledge management: The CES shall target children outside the school system, and to
also function as a leading resource centre for HQVXUH WKDW VXFK FKLOGUHQ REWDLQ WKH EHQHÀWV RI
sports knowledge and education in the area of schooling as well as engaging physical activity.
physical education and sports sciences, sports Accreditation: '<(66$. ZLOO HQJDJH DFFUHGLW-
technology and high performance training, ing bodies to develop framework for accrediting,
including areas such as sports science and quality assurances, and rating facilities, coach-
medicine, sports law, sports analytics, counseling es, federations, educational institutions, private
and athlete representation/management. The sports facilities, etc. This will be required for rec-
CES shall establish a sports information database ognizing, funding and supporting infrastructure.
that enables access to sports information and These will be periodically rated and this will be
services. This is to support the work of the made public. Capacity Building for Ex-Sportsper-
state’s sports practitioners, including athletes, sons through Skill Training Programme:
coaches, sports administrators, policy makers,
researchers, physical activity educators, sports Sportspersons who are past their prime and
scientists and medical staff. The ultimate are looking for livelihood options and willing
REMHFWLYHLVWRHQFRXUDJHWKHDSSOLHGXVHRIVXFK to contribute to Sports development shall be
knowledge across all levels of sport in the state. LGHQWLÀHGDQGVSHFLÀFWUDLQLQJSURJUDPPHVVKDOO
D.Sports and Physical Education.The state seeks EH RUJDQLVHG E\ WKH '<(6 IRU WKHP &DSDFLW\
to encourage the mechanisms by which every building through skill training is an important step
child in Karnataka, aged 6-14, will participate LQWKLVGLUHFWLRQ+HQFHDVDPDQGDWH'<(6VKDOO
in organised physical activity. This is aimed at organise Training Programmes like: Swim Teacher
inculcating and fostering a life-long culture of training, Life Guard Training, Fitness Instructor
regular engagement in physical activity, with a training, Markers, Sports Field Maintenance
view to improving the healthfulness and social staff, Sports masseurs, Personality Development
792
well-being of all citizens of the state. training, Communication Skills Training etc.,
for the sportspersons as part of Sports Welfare the base such as Taluk and district level will be
PHDVXUHV)RUWKHVHWUDLQLQJV'<(6VKDOOLGHQWLI\ supported. The State and National competitions
agencies who have the expertise, experience and tie organised by the recognised sports associations
XSVWRJLYHLQWHUQDWLRQDOO\UHFRJQLVHGFHUWLÀFDWHV ZLOO EH VXSSRUWHG 6HUYLFHV RI 4XDOLÀHG FRDFKHV
and the supporting staff with requisite knowledge
Sports for Differently abled: Government will
RIHDFKFDWHJRU\RIVSRUWEDVHGRQFODVVLÀFDWLRQV
make special efforts in promoting sports among
will be made available. The performance of the
Differently abled persons by raising awareness,
differently abled shall be recognised by giving
removing barriers to access, enhancing
cash incentives, awards, post career support in
participation and developing specialized systems
terms of employment in Government departments
WRZDUGV LGHQWLÀFDWLRQ DQG WUDLQLQJ RI WDOHQW 7R
and other support system explained in this policy.
this end, all necessary steps will be initiated with
The talented sportspersons with potential to excel
complete involvement of State Association and
in international competitions will be supported
National Federation. Understanding the need for
under Sports Excellence Scheme and CSR. The
giving more publicity among the citizens to create
department of empowerment of differently abled
awareness about the opportunities available for
will be co-opted to augment the resources and the
GLIIHUHQWO\DEOHGLQVSRUWVLQFOXGLQJFODVVLÀFDWLRQ
necessary policy directions needed for continuous
details, a detailed strategy shall be devised after
support.
widespread consultations with stakeholders.
Considering the performance of differently abled in Government is committed to provide all the
recently concluded Paralympics and their inherent above and any other support required to promote
potential to excel at international platforms, 6SRUWVDPRQJGLIIHUHQWO\DEOHGLQFOXGLQJLGHQWLÀ-
Sports will be used and promoted as a tool to cation and nurturing of sporting talent.
UDLVHWKHFRQÀGHQFHDQGVHOIHVWHHPRIGLIIHUHQWO\
Adventure Sports: The department is promoting
abled. The sports infrastructure at all levels shall
adventure sports in the State of Karnataka
be made Differently abled friendly in a phased
through General Thimmayya National Academy
manner. The world standards in this regard will
of Adventure (GETHNAA) established in 1989.
be followed rigorously and will be implemented on
EDUCATION AND
Terrestrial, aqua and aero sports are being promoted
D ZDU IRRWLQJ 7DOHQW LGHQWLÀFDWLRQ GULYHV ZLOO EH
to inculcate the spirit of adventure amongst youth
SPORTS
organised on a regular basis to spot the talent at
and also to create awareness about nature and
a very young age. Sports Training centres shall be
also explore and understand nature. The State
upgraded in a phased manner to include training of
has a huge potential considering the geographic
elite sportspersons belonging to Differently abled
features of the State (Forest, coast, mountains
category to achieve excellence at national and
and hills, water bodies etc.,). Adventure sports
international competitions. Sports equipments
has been promoted in the State by establishing
of international quality shall be provided for
adventure centres across Karnataka. This will
their training for excellence. Different categories
be expanded by several innovative initiatives by
in Paralympics will be studied and mapping of
involving different departments and stakeholders.
the abilities of the differently abled with respect
,GHQWLI\ DGYHQWXUH VSHFLÀF WRXULVP GHVWLQDWLRQ
to each category will be done. This will be done
across the state and promote a sense of risk
DFFRUGLQJWRWKHFODVVLÀFDWLRQVWDQGDUGVIROORZHG
taking amongst the youth, adventure sports is a
by world bodies.
JUHDWFRXUDJHDQGFRQÀGHQFHEXLOGLQJH[HUFLVH
Conscious efforts shall be made in adopting
Gethnaa was established by the Government of
different sports disciplines to meet the needs of
Karnataka in the year 1989 as an autonomous
'LIIHUHQWO\ DEOHG )XUWKHU VSHFLÀFDOO\ FUHDWHG
body for the promotion of adventure in Karnataka
sports for Differently abled such as wheelchair
and in the neighbouring states with the co-
tennis, curling, fencing, basket ball, rugby, baseball,
operation of the respective State Governments.
cricket, golf, etc., shall be promoted. The Sports
The Academy was named after the late General
Science support, Sports Technology interventions
K S Thimayya. Karnataka State, with it’s unique
will be used so that the talent is continuously
geographical features, has every kind of terrain
nurtured and supported for excellence. The
except snow-clad mountains, for outward bound
Sports competitions organised by the recognised 793
activities on land, water and sky. This provides
Sports Associations at lower levels for increasing
vast opportunities to adventure, nature and DFWLYLWLHV ,QYROYHPHQW RI LQVWLWXWLRQ DIÀOLDWHG WR
environmental studies. To take adventure to the GETHNNAA or connected with the Department
JUDVVURRWV WKH $FDGHP\ KDV LGHQWLÀHG DUHDV RI RI <RXWK (PSRZHUPHQW 6SRUWV DQG RWKHU
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
operation throughout Karnataka in all the districts, Govt Departments. Raising funds from the
Sub-centres for various specializations, Camping, Government of Karnataka, Central Government,
Wilderness survival, Forest Exploration, Aero & Industrial Houses, Voluntary and Philanthropic
Aqua sports are planned at remote corners of the Organisations and Individuals.
state to attract local youth. This is in contrast
Adventure Promotional Activities
to what is believed as Adventure Sports for the
Academy also undertakes organising following
elite. The Academy aims to reach all sections of
programmes to Education Institutions/
the population in our society and bring in them a
Organisations on request: Audio talks on nature
spirit of adventure to meet the challenges of the
awareness and adventure orientation activities.
new era.
Exhibition of books and equipment used in
The main thrust of adventure training envis- adventure. Demonstration of Rock Climbing,
aged by the Academy would be through a series Para-sailing etc.,Organising and conducting
of adventure courses of varying duration in the training programmes. Organising Seminars
following three categories: Terrestrial Activities: and Symposium on topics related to adventure.
Rock climbing, Trekking with emphasis on for- Documentation of adventure related activities.
est exploration, navigation on ground by day and Publication of literature on adventure.Consultancy
night, map reading, crossing of rivers and rapids, on adventure related activities.
QDWXUH DZDUHQHVV FDPSV DQG VFLHQWLÀF H[SORUD-
Sport Climbing: This academy has
tion, sports climbing etc. Aqua Sports Activities:
constructed & commissioned an International
5RZLQJ 6DLOLQJ .D\DNLQJ :LQG 6XUÀQJ 6KRUW
standard Sport climbing wall at Sree
6HDIDULQJIRUD\VLQÀVKHUPDQ·VERDWVDQGVDLOLQJ
Kanteerava Stadium Bengaluru.Competitions
H[SHGLWLRQV UDIWLQJ ZDWHU VNLLQJ MHW VNLLQJ HWF
Academy is organising the following ‘competitions
Aero Sports Activities: Para Sailing etc.
for the youths.State level sport climbing
The Objective of the Academy: 7KH REMHFWLYH RI competition at Bengaluru.State level invitation
the academy is to take all possible steps to kindle sport climbing competition at Mysuru during
in the youth, a keen interest and commitment to Dasara Sports Festival. State Level Road Cycling
outward bound educational activities. The acad- Competition during Dasara sports festival at
emy in particular.Conducts basic and advanced Mysuru. Southern Zonal Level sport climbing
courses in Terrestrial, Aero and Aqua Sports ac- competition at Bengaluru. State Level Aqua
WLYLWLHV6SRQVRUVRXWZDUGERXQGSURMHFWVDQGH[- sports competition at Karwar/Hubli/Davanagere.
SHQGLWXUH 3URPRWHV DQG H[WHQGV VFLHQWLÀF DQG All India sport climbing competition at Bengaluru.
specialised knowledge in adventure. Rewards for
Financial Assistance: Academy is reimbursing
outstanding efforts in adventure activities.Ren-
the course fees for the candidates who undergo
GHUV ÀQDQFLDO DVVLVWDQFH WR LQGLJHQW DGYHQWXUHV
basic, advance, M.O.I & search & rescue courses
3URPRWHV SUHVHUYDWLRQ DQG FRQVHUYDWLRQ RI ÁRUD
in the National Institutes in India with “A” Grade.
and fauna and develop aptitude in Ecology and
7KLV DFDGHP\ H[WHQGV ÀQDQFLDO DVVLVWDQFH WR VR
Environment awareness. Adventure Courses con-
achievers in adventure sports.
ducted by the Academy.
Education Department: (Primary and Secondary,
TAOC–Terrestrial Adventure Orientation
Higher, Technical & Medical) ; 100 per cent of
Courses. TBAC–Terrestrial Basic Adventure
children in Karnataka aged 6-14 shall be involved
Courses. TAAC–Terrestrial AdvancedCourses.
in atleast ½ hour a day of organized physical
AEOC–Aero Orientation Courses.
activity/sport. Physical education shall be made
AEBC – Aero Advanced Courses. AQOC – Aqua
FRPSXOVRU\VXEMHFWLQWKHV\OODEXVRIHYHU\SXEOLF
Orientation Courses. AQBC – Aqua Advanced
school across the state. All the playgrounds/
Courses. ITC – Instructor Training Courses.
stadiums available with Education Department,
7KH $FDGHP\ DFKLHYHV WKH REMHFWLYHV E\
both public and private institutions, shall be
obtaining technical guidance from organisations
794 made available to sportspersons for training.
and individuals associated with adventure
Sportspersons shall be given Grace Marks in all recognition RI WKHLU VSRUWV DFKLHYHPHQW VXEMHFW
WKH VXEMHFWV 0D[ LQ HDFK VXEMHFW EDVHG RQ to their skills and interests; Make provisions
the level of achievement: International- 25 Max. IRU UHVHUYLQJ SHU FHQW MREV IRU VSRUWVSHUVRQV
and National- 15 max & State-10.) at all levels in group C & D category in the Government
from Primary to the University level. Attendance recruitment process. Increments to In-service
Exemption for the period of Training and Sportspersons for their sports achievements shall
Participation in Sports Competitions. Separate be granted within 3 months of their achievements.
Exams shall be arranged for sportspersons in
RDPR: Develop sports grounds in all villages with
case of clash of dates between Examinations WKH WHFKQLFDO VXSSRUW RI '<(6 6XSSRUW VSRUWV
and Zonal, National or International Sports and sportspersons by allocating at least 2 per cent
Competitions, Reservation for sportspersons in of development funds of every Grama Panchayat
admission to professional courses through CET towards sports activities.
shall be increased to atleast 2 per cent of the total
seats and in colleges where sports infra is there Urban Development: Reserve space for
or colleges located in places where sports facilities playgrounds in all localities being developed
are there. For new schools/colleges, permission and also in master plans for the development
shall be given only if playground is available. of cities and towns. Reserve 1 per cent of the
Annual Sports Calendar shall be prepared in development funds for the sports which can be
FRQVXOWDWLRQ ZLWK '<(6 6SRUWV UHODWHG VXEMHFWV utilized for the creation and maintenance of sports
to be introduced for sportspersons at UG & PG infrastructure. Support Sports activities by giving
grants towards organization costs for State and
levels.
higher competitions. Reservation for international
Tourism: Allocate funds for encouraging the sportspersons in allocation of sites through urban
development of Sports events and in particular development authorities. All the Sports facilities
adventure sports activities in the State. The XQGHUWKH8''VKDOOEHWUDQVIHUUHGWR'<(6IRU2
potential of the coastline to generate revenue & M of the facility.
and to create employment for the local people by
Housing : Reservation for sportspersons in
promoting sports tourism has to be tapped. PPP
EDUCATION AND
allocation of houses through Housing Boards.
model can be explored to achieve this. Financial
SPORTS
support to plan and organise Sports circuits like Women & Child Development: Reservation
‘Tour De France’ to attract participants from of at least 2 per cent of funds for providing
across the world. better facilities and support system for female
sportspersons.
Health: Sports Medicine and Sports Science
FHQWUHVWREHHVWDEOLVKHGLQPDMRUFLWLHVWRVXSSRUW E-Governance: To extend support for IT
VSRUWVSHUVRQV 6SHFLDO 6SRUWV VFLHQFH VXEMHFWV integration in Sports Management from Sports
can be introduced for sportspersons. Shall extend SHUVRQV 3URÀOLQJ WR WUDFNLQJ DQG PRQLWRULQJ WKH
PHGLFDO 6XSSRUW TXDOLÀHG GRFWRU DQG 3DUD achievements on real time basis.
medical staff with ambulance services) to all the Department of empowerment of differently abled
sports events on request at all levels. persons: Reservation of at least 2 per cent funds
Industry & Commerce: Industrial Policy shall for providing better facilities and support system
recognize Sports as an industry/service enterprise for differently abled sportspersons.
eligible for the State Government’s package of Department of Minorities: Reservation of at least
incentives and concessions; Sports good industry 2 per cent funds for providing better facilities and
FDQ QRW RQO\ FRQWULEXWH VLJQLÀFDQWO\ WR WKH *'3 support system for sportspersons belonging to
of the State but also helps to make sports goods Minorities.
affordable to the general public.
Department of Social Welfare: Reservation of at
DPAR: Direct appointment in Government least 2 per cent funds for providing better facilities
6HUYLFH &ODVV, JD]HWWHG RIÀFHUV 6SRUWVSHUVRQV and support system for sportspersons belonging
who have won medals at Olympics; and Class-II to SC/ST category. Department of Backward
JD]HWWHG RIÀFHUV 6SRUWVSHUVRQV ZKR KDYH ZRQ classes: Reservation of at least 2 per cent funds
medals at Asian Games and Commonwealth for providing better facilities and support system 795
Games Medalists; in government departments in for sportspersons belonging to backward classes.
Department of Forests: Extend support by that needs methodical training, in pre-
giving approvals to organize trekking, climbing, independence days itself. Now every university
exploration and nature awareness camps and providing general education has a separate
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
other related activities for the youth in forests. department for physical education, training
students for B.P.Ed. and M.P.Ed. degrees. Even
Department of Youth Empowerment and Sports
mono faculty universities have a director for
,QWURGXFWLRQ <RXWK (PSRZHUPHQW DQG
physical education and sports who organizes
Sports department was established in 1969
sports competitions etc. The department of public
DV WKH 'LUHFWRUDWH RI <RXWK 6HUYLFHV ZLWK WKH
instruction also has a separate wing to look after
DLP RI FKDQQHOL]LQJ WKH G\QDPLVP RI <RXWK LQ
this at school levels.
nation building activities. The department was
reorganised in 1975 by establishing divisional A college of physical education was started by
OHYHO DQG GLVWULFW OHYHO RIÀFHV DQG DJDLQ LQ state government in Bengaluru in 1959. Here
E\DSSRLQWLQJRIÀFHUVDWWKHEORFNOHYHO,Q graduates were admitted for D.P.Ed. course. After
the department was again reorganised by merger some years C.P.Ed.course was also introduced for
of Karnataka state sports council and renamed as those who had passed matriculate examination
'HSDUWPHQW RI <RXWK 6HUYLFHV DQG 6SRUWV 7KH and interested to take a career as physical
'HSDUWPHQWZDVUHQDPHGDV<RXWK(PSRZHUPHQW education teachers in schools. But after some
and Sports Department in 2013. The Department years, C.P.Ed., course was abolished as it was felt
is headed by the Commissioner/Director who is WKDWWUDLQLQJZDVWRRLQVXIÀFLHQW<0&$%HQJDOXUX
H[RIÀFH 'LUHFWRU *HQHUDO RI 6SRUWV $XWKRULW\ RI started a college that prepared students for
Karnataka, Member Secretary of GETHNAA and B.P.Ed., and D.P.Ed., courses. Mysuru University
Secretary of Stadium Management Committee. started a college of physical education in 1972
and Bengaluru University runs two such colleges.
Mission Statement: To spread awareness of sports
All these offer B.P.Ed., courses.
across different sections of society, resulting in
character building and inclusive development. To Now there are many colleges of physical
LGHQWLI\ DQG QXUWXUH VSRUWLQJ WDOHQW LQ *XMDUDW education which offer B.P.Ed., course, run by
and give them the opportunity to shine in the private managements. Some religious mutts who
global sports arena by creating a sports-centric, run educational institutions are running B.P.Ed.,
incentivized eco-system for all stake holders. Colleges also. Sri Siddaganga mutt at Tumakuru
is one such example. Some private managements
Objective: To create a sporting culture resulting
are running B.P.Ed., colleges in an extremely
into happy and healthy society. Achieving
ÀQH PDQQHU $OYD·V (GXFDWLRQ IRXQGDWLRQ DW
excellence in sports with special emphasis
Moodabidri (Dakshina Kannada District) is
on Olympic sports.All-round development of
perhaps the best example among them.
personality and improved self esteem, especially
for women. Karnataka since ages, encouraged rural sports
and games to a great extent. Sports like wrestling
Activities: Creation of Infrastructure- Stadia and
had royal patronage also. Mysuru wodeyar kings
<RXWK 7UDLQLQJ &HQWUHV <RXWK (PSRZHUPHQW
held annual wrestling competitions during Dasara
3URJUDPPHV <RXWK )HVWLYDO <RXWK 5DOO\
IHVWLYDODQGWKDWLVEHLQJGRQHQRZDOVR0DMRULW\
&RQIHUHQFHV DQG <RXWK $ZDUGV <RXWK
of villages had wrestling Gymkhanas, and there
Training Programmes. Sports Schools and Hostels.
village youths used to perform body building
Sports Events- Taluk, District and State Level. Sports
exercises and practice wrestling. Some of them
Awards- Ekalavya, Karnataka Kreeda Rathna and
exist even now. In Northern Karnataka area also,
Lifetime Achievement Awards.Sports welfare-Cash
wrestling was very popular and now also it retains
Incentive, Scholarships, Insurance, Pension and
its popularity to considerable extent. Establishing
Promotion of Excellence under Sports Academy
‘Vyayamashalas’ came to be considered an
for Excellence Scheme.
important activity during freedom struggle. They
Physical Education and Sports were started at different places like Dharwad,
Karnataka has developed ample of opportunities Ballari, Kottur, Bengaluru, Bantawal and other
for physical education and sports. Physical places. ‘Hindustani sevadal’ started by Dr. N.S.
796
Education came to be recognized as a discipline Hardikar encouraged physical exercises, sports
considerably along with inculcating patriotism, WKH GLVWULFW +LV RIÀFH LV XVXDOO\ KRXVHG LQ WKH
Stuwart Binny. pavilion of the stadium in district head quarters.
State Government is encouraging sports also by
Sports Persons
the way of giving away the prestigious awards
Karnataka has a galaxy of sports persons of
OLNH(NDODY\D DQG $UMXQD DZDUGV 3UHVWLJLRXV
national and international fame.
Dronacharya award given to a sports coach is also
)RRW%DOO$PMDG.KDQ
bagged by some Karnataka sports persons.
+RFNH\$OOHQ VFKRÀHOG $SSDLDK 05
Ganesh, C. Deshamuthu, Miss. Elvira Britto, Sports persons of distinctive achievements in
B.P.Govinda, Mrs. Mac Britto the year 2009-10, are the following:
, 6ZLPPLQJ $URQ'·VRX]D $ $UMXQ -3
3. Mountaineering-Anantha K.R. Krishnan kutti
Gagan A.P., Rohit R.H., Shuba C., Sneha T.,
4. Athletics-Angel Mary, Ashwini Nachappa, 5HKDQSXQMD$UKDWD0DJDYL3UDWLPD.ROODOL
Vandana, Nirmalaputtaiah, Gabriel, Sylvia $NDVK 5RKLW * $GLW\D 5RVKDQ * 3RRMD
paias. R. Alva, Ashwin Menon, Shanun D’Souza,
5. Basket Ball- Anil Kumar 3UDMZDO.66XVKDND3UDWDSHWF
6. Swimming (women)-Anisha Prasad, Nisha ,, 3RZHU /LIWLQJ0DKHVKZDUDLDK 0 0DQMX
Millet. B.Virupakshappa, Chandra Naik, Prakash
7. Billiards-Aravind Savoor, Michael Farriera, Karanth K, Harish Kumar, Divakar, Shobha
3DQNDM$GYDQL etc.,
8. Volley ball-Ashwatthaiah, M.S. Madegowda. III. Volleyball-Ravikumar T.D. etc.
&ULFNHW%ULMHVK3DWHO*59LVKZDQDWK60+ ,9 %DVNHWEDOO6DJDULND6DQMD\DUDMHWF
Kirmani, Roger Binny, B.S. Chandrashekhar, V. Boxing: DurgaRao etc.,
Robin Uttappa, A.V.Jayaprakash, Javagal
9, -XGR . .XWHMD . 'HYLVKUHH .XWHMD $
Sreenath, Venkatesh Prasad, Sunil Joshi,
Multani, Rohini B. patil, etc.
Anil Kumble, EAS Prasanna, Stuwart Binny.
9,,.KR .KR'HYDUM 0 3UDGHHS .& 9LQD\
EDUCATION AND
10. Cycling-Dev Prasad, Jugthakahai.
.XPDU .+ <RJHVK % $VKRN .XPDU 6%
SPORTS
11. Shuttle Badminton-Prakash Padukone
Anith K.R., Priya Darshan H.L., Vikas Hedge
12. Kabaddi-Subbanna, M. Krishnegowda, H.N. etc.
Munivenkatappa.
VIII.Athletics: Preeti L. Rao, Kashinath etc., (For
13. Chess-Sridharan R, Shylendra D.N., Ravindran award winners of previous years, Hand Book
R, Srikrishna Udupa (Blind chess). of Karnataka-2010 may be referred to.)
The above list is neither complete, nor Lifetime Achievement Award-2009
exhaustive. There are many more to be added. List Two persons were selected for the award of
of achievers in 2009-10 are given at the end. After ‘life time achievement awards’. They are 1) Iran
the establishment of Department of youth services debhan Singh:He was a champion in Fencing.
and sports, government of Karnataka is providing Between 1955 and...., he won a massive total
facilities to sports persons and looking after the of 358 medals at state and national level. They
stadiums in the state through this department. included 78 gold, 100 silver and 184 Bronzes. At
There is a ‘Regional Institute of sports’established the international level he won two bronze medals.
at Bengaluru as the regional branch of National Through his life he spent his time and energy in
Institute of Sports. It is the will of the state training and about guiding talented fence sports
government to have at least one stadium in every persons. He had participated in Russia and Asian
taluk head quarters. As a result, out of 180 taluks Fence championships. He was the Chairperson
in the state (in 2011) more than half of them have for ‘International Olympic Committee technical
fully developed stadiums and about 20 are in the course for coaches’ held at Party hall in 2003. He
making. also chaired International Olympic Committee
(YHU\ GLVWULFW KDV D \RXWK VHUYLFHV RIÀFHU DQG meeting held in Bengaluru during 1996, and 2)
he is responsible for the progress of sports in Triveni M.N: She is a Judo Champion. She is a
797
popular Judo star. She has trained large number
of youngsters in Judo and enabled them to get *XUXUDM Weight Lifting
medals at various National and International Sandeep B Kate Kusthi
level competitions. Two persons trained by her
Special women swim-
KARNATAKA
Revathi Nayak M
HAND BOOK OF
ZHUH VHOHFWHG IRU -XGR FRPSHWLWLRQV DW %HLMLQJ mer
Olympics. She is a born sports person and has Source : Karnataka State Youth Employment and sports de-
participated in many international competitions partment website
including world champion ships. She has bagged Winners of the Lifetime Achievement Award:
17 medals at National Level (8 gold, 3 silver and 6 V R Beedu Athletics
bronze) and 16 medals at state level. She is serving M R Mohithe Swimming
as coach at Belagavi sports hostel. Her students Source : Karnataka State Youth Employment and sports de-
have so far won 142 medals at national level and partment website
263 medals at state level. Mrs.Triveni is a spring
Awardees for the Karnataka Kreeda Ratna Award:
of sports spirit and a dedicated sports person.
Sayyad Phatheshavali H Bepar Atya-Patya
Awardees for the Ekalavya Award: <DVKDVYLQL.* Ball Badminton
Harisith S Athletics Shekar Vali Gundu Ethuvudu
5DMHVK3UDNDVK8SSDU Basket Ball <XDYDUDM-DLQ Kambala
Poorvisha S Ram Badminton Muneer Bhasha Kho-Kho
Renuka Dhandeen Cycling Suguna Sagar H Vadrale Malla Kamba
Mayur D Bhanu Shooting Sabiya S Throwball
Karthik A Volleyball Athmashree H S Wrestling
Malavika Vishwanath Swimming Dhanush Babu Roller Scatting
Keerthana T K Rowing
Source : Karnataka State Youth Employment and sports de-
Ayyappa M B Hockey partment website
Sukesh Hegde Kabbaddi
List of Karnataka Kreeda Rathna Awards from 2013
Sl No. Name Discipline Year
1 Santhosh Naik Atya-Patya 2013
2 Shruthi A.R Ball Badminton 2013
3 Kumar S.Jagadeva Gundu Ettuvudu 2013
4 Vinay Kumar K.H Kho-Kho 2013
5 0DUXWKL<%DUDNHU Mallakamba 2013
6 Aishwarya Dalavi Jangi Kusti 2013
7 Mohammed Aquib Throw Ball 2013
8 Palimaru Devendra Kotyan Kambala 2013
9 Gopal Kharvi Special Sports (Swimming) 2013
10 Nagendra Swamy S.C Special Sports (Swimming) 2013
List of Karnataka Kreeda Rathna Awards from 2014
Sl No. Name Discipline Year
1 Kavya M.R Ball Badminton 2014
2 Vinod Rathod Atya-Patya 2014
798 3 Dundappa Dasannavar Mallakamba 2014
4 Roopashri B.K Kabaddi 2014
5 Karthik G.Kati Jangi kusti 2014
6 <RJHVK Kho-Kho 2014
7 Anil Kumar H.Shettar <RJD 2014
8 -D\DNDUD<DQH1DNUH-D\DNDUD0DGLZDOD Kambala 2014
9 Kolachuru Kondottu Sukumara Shetty Kambala 2014
10 Ibrahim Sab M.Arab Gundu Ettuvudu 2014
List of Karnataka Kreeda Rathna Awards from 2015
Sl No. Name Discipline Year
1 D.N.Rudraswami <RJD 2015
2 Poornima P Throw Ball 2015
3 Amogh U.Chachadi Atya-Patya 2015
4 5DQMLWKD03 Ball Badminton 2015
5 Pradeep K.C Kho-Kho 2015
6 Sumitha U.M Kabaddi 2015
7 Jeevandhar Ballal Kambala 2015
8 Anand Iruvattur Kambala 2015
9 Anand L Wrestling 2015
EDUCATION AND
10 Moshappa V Gulabaala Gundu Ettuvudu 2015
SPORTS
List of Karnataka Kreeda Rathna Awards from 2016
Sl No. Name Discipline Year
1 Sayed fateshavali H Bepari Atya-Patya 2016
2 <DVKDVZLQL.* Ball Badminton 2016
3 Sabiya S Throw Ball 2016
4 Sugunasagar H Vadrale Mallakamba 2016
5 Dhanush Babu Roller Skating 2016
6 Muneer Basha A Kho-Kho 2016
7 Athmashree H.S Wrestling 2016
8 <XYDUDM-DLQ Kambala 2016
9 Shekar Walli Gundu Ettuvudu 2016
Source : Karnataka State Youth Employment and sports department. 799
Life Time Achievement Award
Sl No. %HQHÀFLDU\1DPH Event District Year
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
1 Irom Devan Singh Fencing Bengaluru 2009
2 Triveni M.S Judo Belagavi 2009
3 P.S.Vishwanath Cricket/Athletics Bengaluru 2010
4 M.S.Madegowda Volley Ball Mandya 2010
5 Pradeep Kumar Swimming Bengaluru 2011
6 C.M.Kurni Cycling 9LMD\DSXUD 2011
7 C.U.Ashwath Hockey Bengaluru 2011
8 Shyamala Shetty Weight Lifting Bengaluru 2011
9 Anitha M Nimbargi Cycling Bagalakot 2012
10 Manohar S Katke Hockey Bengaluru 2012
11 Ramesh Teekaram Badminton Bengaluru 2012
12 Nihar Ameen Swimming Bagalkot 2012
13 Ganapathy Manoharan Boxing Bengaluru 2013
14 Mohammed Dada Peet Foot Ball Bengaluru 2013
15 Sumithra Kumar M Body Building Mangaluru 2013
16 Mani Kabaddi Bengaluru 2013
17 H.Chandrashekahar Football Bengaluru 2014
18 Dr G.R.Sridhar Kumar Kabaddi Bengaluru 2014
19 Ctn I Amal Das Boxing Bengaluru 2014
20 Prabhakar I Devangavi Hockey Bengaluru 2014
21 John Cristopher Nirmal Kumar Swimming Bengaluru 2015
22 Shivananda R Wrestling Davanagere 2015
23 V.R.Beedu Athletics Bengaluru 2016
24 M.R.Mohite Swimming Bengaluru 2016
800 Source : Karnataka State Youth Employment and sports department.
KARNATAKA STATE EDUCATION REPORT-2018-19
Schools
Sl. Lower Primary Upper Primary Elementary Schools Secondary
Management
No.
Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total
1 Department of Education 19347 1662 21009 19149 3334 22483 38496 4996 43492 3891 805 4696
Tribal /Social Welfare
2 96 34 130 765 267 1032 861 301 1162 432 127 559
Department Schools
3 Local body 0 2 2 1 23 24 1 25 26 0 42 42
4 Pvt. Aided 115 105 220 1172 1623 2795 1287 1728 3015 2323 1478 3801
5 Pvt. Unaided 2222 1655 3877 4192 6359 10551 6414 8014 14428 2267 4479 6746
Others State Govt. Managed
6 2 3 5 43 62 105 45 65 110 12 8 20
Schools
7 Central Govt Schools 0 0 0 46 45 91 46 45 91 42 43 85
Un-Recognised 2 2 4 0 0 0 2 2 4 0 0 0
Total 21784 3463 25247 25368 11713 37081 47152 15176 62328 8967 6982 15949
Schools Medium Wise
Govt. Aided Un-Aided and Others Total
Sl.
Medium
No. LPS HPS HS LPS HPS HS LPS HPS HS LPS HPS HS
1 Kannada 18943 20155 4528 195 2532 3495 2146 4649 2182 21284 27336 10205
2 English 45 1849 1397 11 181 423 1861 8336 5599 1917 10366 7419
3 Urdu 1927 1941 294 9 180 148 116 288 141 2052 2409 583
4 Tamil 16 50 3 5 40 6 0 4 3 21 94 12
5 Telugu 22 38 10 1 14 7 0 0 0 23 52 17
6 Marathi 285 599 69 11 60 186 11 28 28 307 687 283
7 Hindi 4 15 6 1 12 8 7 24 18 12 51 32
8 Malayalam 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 0
Total 21243 24648 6307 233 3020 4273 4141 13329 7971 25617 40997 18551
Urdu+Tamil+Telugu+Marathi 2,250 2,628 376 26 294 347 127 320 172 2,403 3,242 895
Note: Total will not match with Total No of Schools because one school having multiple Medium
EDUCATION AND
Schools By Type
Sl. Lower Primary Schools (LPS) Upper Primary Schools (HPS) Elementary Schools Secondary Schools (HS)
SPORTS
Management
No. Boys Girls Co-Ed Total Boys Girls Co-Ed Total Boys Girls Co-Ed Total Boys Girls Co-Ed Total
Department of
1 7 41 20961 21009 398 549 21536 22483 405 590 42497 43492 52 175 4469 4696
Education
Tribal / Social Welfare
2 2 2 126 130 11 192 829 1032 13 194 955 1162 10 126 423 559
Department Schools
3 Local body 0 0 2 2 1 0 23 24 1 0 25 26 5 8 29 42
4 Pvt. Aided 1 6 213 220 28 45 2722 2795 29 51 2935 3015 65 274 3462 3801
5 Pvt. Unaided 6 9 3862 3877 37 51 10463 10551 43 60 14325 14428 35 98 6613 6746
Others State Govt.
6 0 0 5 5 4 4 97 105 4 4 102 110 4 4 12 20
Managed Schools
7 Central Govt Schools 0 0 0 0 3 0 88 91 3 0 88 91 3 0 82 85
8 Un-Recognised 0 0 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 0 0 0 0
Total 16 58 25173 25247 482 841 35758 37081 498 899 60931 62328 174 685 15090 15949
Management and Social Category Wise Enrolment - Class 1 to 10
General SC ST OBC Total
Management
Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total
Department of
64,043 70,620 134,663 544,637 561,876 1,106,513 244,820 250,475 495,295 1,257,676 1,385,107 2,642,783 2,111,176 2,268,078 4,379,254
Education
Tribal/Social Welfare
2,134 1,996 4,130 26,719 35,051 61,770 11,641 16,200 27,841 42,087 42,810 84,897 82,581 96,057 178,638
Dept.
Local body 737 712 1,449 1,538 1,581 3,119 271 270 541 2,092 2,600 4,692 4,638 5,163 9,801
Pvt. Aided 46,170 44,867 91,037 152,755 134,914 287,669 51,349 43,294 94,643 444,387 418,820 863,207 694,661 641,895 1,336,556
Pvt. Unaided 542,578 455,050 997,628 283,879 210,701 494,580 97,850 66,762 164,612 1,536,531 1,207,958 2,744,489 2,460,838 1,940,471 4,401,309
Others 284 209 493 460 537 997 206 398 604 3,407 3,040 6,447 4,357 4,184 8,541
Central Govt. 15,697 14,064 29,761 6,611 5,247 11,858 2,513 2,038 4,551 9,272 7,569 16,841 34,093 28,918 63,011
Un-Recognised 32 19 51 28 32 60 2 2 4 90 65 155 152 118 270
Total 671,675 587,537 1,259,212 1,016,627 949,939 1,966,566 408,652 379,439 788,091 3,295,542 3,067,969 6,363,511 5,392,496 4,984,884 10,377,380
801
Class and Social Category Wise Enrolment - All Management
General SC ST OBC Total
Class
Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total
KARNATAKA
Class 01 62,651 56,089 118,740 107,360 100,526 207,886 46,035 42,462 88,497 373,729 338,930 712,659 589,775 538,007 1,127,782
HAND BOOK OF
Class 02 74,406 65,454 139,860 105,627 96,241 201,868 44,871 40,435 85,306 341,253 309,323 650,576 566,157 511,453 1,077,610
Class 03 76,401 66,683 143,084 108,658 102,395 211,053 44,199 41,159 85,358 344,453 318,795 663,248 573,711 529,032 1,102,743
Class 04 70,637 61,656 132,293 107,561 102,993 210,554 43,473 41,170 84,643 350,475 327,088 677,563 572,146 532,907 1,105,053
Class 05 74,931 66,354 141,285 106,929 103,056 209,985 42,306 40,465 82,771 337,808 318,833 656,641 561,974 528,708 1,090,682
Class 06 74,239 64,160 138,399 103,209 98,928 202,137 41,502 39,492 80,994 325,973 308,904 634,877 544,923 511,484 1,056,407
Class 07 69,020 60,718 129,738 101,894 98,050 199,944 40,826 39,427 80,253 319,285 305,658 624,943 531,025 503,853 1,034,878
Class 08 64,150 55,906 120,056 99,889 89,376 189,265 39,017 34,757 73,774 311,901 286,555 598,456 514,957 466,594 981,551
Class 10 41,796 36,162 77,958 81,277 74,489 155,766 30,191 27,708 57,899 287,090 274,117 561,207 440,354 412,476 852,830
1 to 5 359,026 316,236 675,262 536,135 505,211 1,041,346 220,884 205,691 426,575 1,747,718 1,612,969 3,360,687 2,863,763 2,640,107 5,503,870
6 to 8 207,409 180,784 388,193 304,992 286,354 591,346 121,345 113,676 235,021 957,159 901,117 1,858,276 1,590,905 1,481,931 3,072,836
1 to 8 566,435 497,020 1,063,455 841,127 791,565 1,632,692 342,229 319,367 661,596 2,704,877 2,514,086 5,218,963 4,454,668 4,122,038 8,576,706
9 and10 105,240 90,517 195,757 175,500 158,374 333,874 66,423 60,072 126,495 590,665 553,883 1,144,548 937,828 862,846 1,800,674
1 to 10 671,675 587,537 1,259,212 1,016,627 949,939 1,966,566 408,652 379,439 788,091 3,295,542 3,067,969 6,363,511 5,392,496 4,984,884 10,377,380
Class and Social Category Wise Enrolment - Education Department
General SC ST OBC Total
Class
Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total
Class 01 ϰ͕Ϭϴϳ ϰ͕ϱϭϬ ϴ͕ϱϵϳ ϲϬ͕ϭϮϴ ϲϯ͕ϲϯϲ ϭϮϯ͕ϳϲϰ Ϯϳ͕ϱϯϭ Ϯϴ͕ϵϮϵ ϱϲ͕ϰϲϬ ϭϮϱ͕ϲϱϯ ϭϰϬ͕ϯϵϴ Ϯϲϲ͕Ϭϱϭ Ϯϭϳ͕ϯϵϵ Ϯϯϳ͕ϰϳϯ ϰϱϰ͕ϴϳϮ
Class 02 ϱ͕ϴϵϭ ϲ͕ϰϮϱ ϭϮ͕ϯϭϲ ϱϳ͕ϲϰϭ ϱϵ͕ϲϰϭ ϭϭϳ͕ϮϴϮ Ϯϳ͕ϭϯϴ Ϯϳ͕ϯϵϴ ϱϰ͕ϱϯϲ ϭϮϮ͕ϱϴϴ ϭϯϮ͕Ϯϯϴ Ϯϱϰ͕ϴϮϲ Ϯϭϯ͕Ϯϱϴ ϮϮϱ͕ϳϬϮ ϰϯϴ͕ϵϲϬ
Class 03 ϳ͕ϳϰϭ ϴ͕ϴϭϳ ϭϲ͕ϱϱϴ ϲϯ͕ϬϳϬ ϲϳ͕ϱϭϯ ϭϯϬ͕ϱϴϯ Ϯϴ͕ϭϴϬ ϯϬ͕ϬϮϯ ϱϴ͕ϮϬϯ ϭϯϱ͕ϭϲϰ ϭϱϮ͕Ϭϭϲ Ϯϴϳ͕ϭϴϬ Ϯϯϰ͕ϭϱϱ Ϯϱϴ͕ϯϲϵ ϰϵϮ͕ϱϮϰ
Class 04 ϳ͕ϳϯϱ ϴ͕ϰϯϮ ϭϲ͕ϭϲϳ ϲϰ͕ϮϬϵ ϲϵ͕Ϯϴϭ ϭϯϯ͕ϰϵϬ Ϯϴ͕ϵϵϴ ϯϬ͕ϲϯϴ ϱϵ͕ϲϯϲ ϭϰϮ͕ϲϴϭ ϭϲϭ͕ϳϭϴ ϯϬϰ͕ϯϵϵ Ϯϰϯ͕ϲϮϯ ϮϳϬ͕Ϭϲϵ ϱϭϯ͕ϲϵϮ
Class 05 ϵ͕ϭϭϳ ϭϬ͕Ϯϰϱ ϭϵ͕ϯϲϮ ϲϱ͕ϲϬϲ ϳϬ͕ϴϱϴ ϭϯϲ͕ϰϲϰ Ϯϴ͕ϰϱϰ ϯϬ͕ϱϱϴ ϱϵ͕ϬϭϮ ϭϰϱ͕Ϭϯϯ ϭϲϱ͕ϬϯϬ ϯϭϬ͕Ϭϲϯ Ϯϰϴ͕ϮϭϬ Ϯϳϲ͕ϲϵϭ ϱϮϰ͕ϵϬϭ
Class 06 ϵ͕Ϭϯϳ ϭϬ͕ϯϭϲ ϭϵ͕ϯϱϯ ϱϵ͕ϭϵϯ ϲϬ͕ϳϰϮ ϭϭϵ͕ϵϯϱ Ϯϲ͕ϰϭϵ Ϯϲ͕ϲϵϲ ϱϯ͕ϭϭϱ ϭϯϵ͕ϭϳϱ ϭϱϲ͕ϵϵϲ Ϯϵϲ͕ϭϳϭ Ϯϯϯ͕ϴϮϰ Ϯϱϰ͕ϳϱϬ ϰϴϴ͕ϱϳϰ
Class 07 ϴ͕ϲϵϭ ϵ͕ϲϰϳ ϭϴ͕ϯϯϴ ϲϬ͕Ϭϲϯ ϲϭ͕ϭϵϯ ϭϮϭ͕Ϯϱϲ Ϯϲ͕ϱϯϬ Ϯϳ͕ϭϯϰ ϱϯ͕ϲϲϰ ϭϰϭ͕ϲϭϱ ϭϱϴ͕ϴϰϱ ϯϬϬ͕ϰϲϬ Ϯϯϲ͕ϴϵϵ Ϯϱϲ͕ϴϭϵ ϰϵϯ͕ϳϭϴ
Class 08 ϱ͕ϰϭϮ ϱ͕ϱϲϵ ϭϬ͕ϵϴϭ ϰϱ͕ϵϯϴ ϰϯ͕ϰϴϬ ϴϵ͕ϰϭϴ ϮϬ͕ϳϴϳ ϭϵ͕ϳϰϵ ϰϬ͕ϱϯϲ ϭϭϱ͕ϮϬϭ ϭϭϵ͕ϯϰϱ Ϯϯϰ͕ϱϰϲ ϭϴϳ͕ϯϯϴ ϭϴϴ͕ϭϰϯ ϯϳϱ͕ϰϴϭ
Class 09 ϰ͕ϴϲϬ ϰ͕ϳϳϵ ϵ͕ϲϯϵ ϯϴ͕ϭϬϬ ϯϱ͕Ϯϰϰ ϳϯ͕ϯϰϰ ϭϳ͕ϭϰϰ ϭϱ͕ϵϳϲ ϯϯ͕ϭϮϬ ϭϬϭ͕ϴϮϬ ϭϬϮ͕ϵϮϴ ϮϬϰ͕ϳϰϴ ϭϲϭ͕ϵϮϰ ϭϱϴ͕ϵϮϳ ϯϮϬ͕ϴϱϭ
Class 10 ϭ͕ϰϳϮ ϭ͕ϴϴϬ ϯ͕ϯϱϮ ϯϬ͕ϲϴϵ ϯϬ͕Ϯϴϴ ϲϬ͕ϵϳϳ ϭϯ͕ϲϯϵ ϭϯ͕ϯϳϰ Ϯϳ͕Ϭϭϯ ϴϴ͕ϳϰϲ ϵϱ͕ϱϵϯ ϭϴϰ͕ϯϯϵ ϭϯϰ͕ϱϰϲ ϭϰϭ͕ϭϯϱ Ϯϳϱ͕ϲϴϭ
1 to 5 34,571 38,429 73,000 310,654 330,929 641,583 140,301 147,546 287,847 671,119 751,400 1,422,519 1,156,645 1,268,304 2,424,949
6 to 8 23,140 25,532 48,672 165,194 165,415 330,609 73,736 73,579 147,315 395,991 435,186 831,177 658,061 699,712 1,357,773
1 to 8 57,711 63,961 121,672 475,848 496,344 972,192 214,037 221,125 435,162 1,067,110 1,186,586 2,253,696 1,814,706 1,968,016 3,782,722
9 and10 6,332 6,659 12,991 68,789 65,532 134,321 30,783 29,350 60,133 190,566 198,521 389,087 296,470 300,062 596,532
1to10 64,043 70,620 134,663 544,637 561,876 1,106,513 244,820 250,475 495,295 1,257,676 1,385,107 2,642,783 2,111,176 2,268,078 4,379,254
Class and Social Category Wise Enrolment - Social Welfare
General SC ST OBC Total
Class
Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total
Class 01 8 3 11 335 276 611 516 495 1,011 161 147 308 1,020 921 1,941
Class 02 16 17 33 453 406 859 540 498 1,038 255 161 416 1,264 1,082 2,346
Class 03 19 11 30 704 550 1,254 633 572 1,205 344 222 566 1,700 1,355 3,055
Class 04 30 24 54 842 598 1,440 694 631 1,325 351 248 599 1,917 1,501 3,418
Class 05 33 19 52 827 641 1,468 792 617 1,409 414 282 696 2,066 1,559 3,625
Class 06 638 664 1,302 6,728 9,434 16,162 2,778 4,087 6,865 11,332 11,437 22,769 21,476 25,622 47,098
Class 07 639 629 1,268 6,656 8,861 15,517 2,581 3,948 6,529 10,640 10,596 21,236 20,516 24,034 44,550
Class 08 344 329 673 3,951 5,316 9,267 1,282 1,984 3,266 6,993 7,245 14,238 12,570 14,874 27,444
Class 09 377 261 638 3,252 4,753 8,005 1,028 1,825 2,853 6,210 6,532 12,742 10,867 13,371 24,238
Class 10 30 39 69 2,971 4,216 7,187 797 1,543 2,340 5,387 5,940 11,327 9,185 11,738 20,923
1 to 5 106 74 180 3,161 2,471 5,632 3,175 2,813 5,988 1,525 1,060 2,585 7,967 6,418 14,385
6 to 8 1,621 1,622 3,243 17,335 23,611 40,946 6,641 10,019 16,660 28,965 29,278 58,243 54,562 64,530 119,092
1 to 8 1,727 1,696 3,423 20,496 26,082 46,578 9,816 12,832 22,648 30,490 30,338 60,828 62,529 70,948 133,477
9 and10 407 300 707 6,223 8,969 15,192 1,825 3,368 5,193 11,597 12,472 24,069 20,052 25,109 45,161
1 to 10 2,134 1,996 4,130 26,719 35,051 61,770 11,641 16,200 27,841 42,087 42,810 84,897 82,581 96,057 178,638
Class and Social Category Wise Enrolment - Local Body
General SC ST OBC Total
Class
Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total
Class 01 29 35 64 56 56 112 6 7 13 68 73 141 159 171 330
Class 02 19 23 42 55 58 113 6 5 11 84 85 169 164 171 335
Class 03 27 30 57 37 44 81 5 11 16 75 80 155 144 165 309
Class 04 31 22 53 57 43 100 10 4 14 77 76 153 175 145 320
Class 05 37 30 67 59 42 101 11 7 18 73 68 141 180 147 327
Class 06 37 31 68 102 81 183 21 16 37 111 77 188 271 205 476
Class 07 38 27 65 113 95 208 30 14 44 124 66 190 305 202 507
Class 08 152 132 284 361 298 659 51 58 109 440 549 989 1,004 1,037 2,041
Class 09 174 202 376 415 428 843 72 81 153 634 831 1,465 1,295 1,542 2,837
Class 10 193 180 373 283 436 719 59 67 126 406 695 1,101 941 1,378 2,319
1 to 5 143 140 283 264 243 507 38 34 72 377 382 759 822 799 1,621
6 to 8 227 190 417 576 474 1,050 102 88 190 675 692 1,367 1,580 1,444 3,024
1 to 8 370 330 700 840 717 1,557 140 122 262 1,052 1,074 2,126 2,402 2,243 4,645
9 and10 367 382 749 698 864 1,562 131 148 279 1,040 1,526 2,566 2,236 2,920 5,156
1 to 10 737 712 1,449 1,538 1,581 3,119 271 270 541 2,092 2,600 4,692 4,638 5,163 9,801
802
Class and Social Category Wise Enrolment - Aided Schools
General SC ST OBC Total
Class
Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total
Class 01 2,005 2,174 4,179 7,866 7,647 15,513 2,574 2,263 4,837 26,316 25,384 51,700 38,761 37,468 76,229
Class 02 2,539 2,527 5,066 7,894 7,076 14,970 2,511 2,279 4,790 25,081 23,417 48,498 38,025 35,299 73,324
Class 03 3,194 3,199 6,393 8,529 7,982 16,511 2,723 2,287 5,010 27,218 26,364 53,582 41,664 39,832 81,496
Class 04 3,179 3,127 6,306 9,016 8,359 17,375 2,764 2,423 5,187 29,961 28,218 58,179 44,920 42,127 87,047
Class 05 3,771 3,611 7,382 9,569 8,936 18,505 2,902 2,531 5,433 30,969 29,473 60,442 47,211 44,551 91,762
Class 06 4,095 4,025 8,120 10,757 9,512 20,269 3,585 2,830 6,415 33,981 30,888 64,869 52,418 47,255 99,673
Class 07 4,190 4,022 8,212 11,412 10,034 21,446 3,777 2,852 6,629 35,351 31,895 67,246 54,730 48,803 103,533
Class 08 8,218 7,992 16,210 28,303 23,845 52,148 9,707 8,002 17,709 71,988 65,401 137,389 118,216 105,240 223,456
Class 09 10,062 9,820 19,882 31,994 27,396 59,390 11,292 9,464 20,756 83,169 77,901 161,070 136,517 124,581 261,098
Class 10 4,917 4,370 9,287 27,415 24,127 51,542 9,514 8,363 17,877 80,353 79,879 160,232 122,199 116,739 238,938
1 to 5 14,688 14,638 29,326 42,874 40,000 82,874 13,474 11,783 25,257 139,545 132,856 272,401 210,581 199,277 409,858
6 to 8 16,503 16,039 32,542 50,472 43,391 93,863 17,069 13,684 30,753 141,320 128,184 269,504 225,364 201,298 426,662
1 to 8 31,191 30,677 61,868 93,346 83,391 176,737 30,543 25,467 56,010 280,865 261,040 541,905 435,945 400,575 836,520
9 and10 14,979 14,190 29,169 59,409 51,523 110,932 20,806 17,827 38,633 163,522 157,780 321,302 258,716 241,320 500,036
1 to 10 46,170 44,867 91,037 152,755 134,914 287,669 51,349
43,294 94,643 444,387 418,820 863,207 694,661 641,895 1,336,556
Class and Social Category Wise Enrolment - Un Aided Schools
General SC ST OBC Total
Class
Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total
Class 01 55,302 48,272 103,574 38,554 28,465 67,019 15,251 10,567 25,818 220,798 172,355 393,153 329,905 259,659 589,564
Class 02 64,709 55,245 119,954 39,038 28,606 67,644 14,466 10,087 24,553 192,534 152,775 345,309 310,747 246,713 557,460
Class 03 64,099 53,413 117,512 35,778 25,796 61,574 12,445 8,092 20,537 180,790 139,330 320,120 293,112 226,631 519,743
Class 04 58,337 48,791 107,128 32,899 24,201 57,100 10,782 7,311 18,093 176,658 136,130 312,788 278,676 216,433 495,109
Class 05 60,586 51,132 111,718 30,285 22,131 52,416 9,941 6,556 16,497 160,400 123,235 283,635 261,212 203,054 464,266
Class 06 58,569 47,653 106,222 25,460 18,419 43,879 8,329 5,532 13,861 138,521 107,055 245,576 230,879 178,659 409,538
Class 07 53,708 44,844 98,552 22,702 17,122 39,824 7,554 5,155 12,709 129,485 102,507 231,992 213,449 169,628 383,077
Class 08 48,186 40,251 88,437 20,400 15,751 36,151 6,818 4,632 11,450 115,956 92,945 208,901 191,360 153,579 344,939
Class 09 45,887 37,555 83,442 19,652 15,438 35,090 6,403 4,745 11,148 110,478 90,634 201,112 182,420 148,372 330,792
Class 10 33,227 27,913 61,140 19,139 14,804 33,943 5,863 4,087 9,950 111,001 91,057 202,058 169,230 137,861 307,091
1 to 5 303,033 256,853 559,886 176,554 129,199 305,753 62,885 42,613 105,498 931,180 723,825 1,655,005 1,473,652 1,152,490 2,626,142
6 to 8 160,463 132,748 293,211 68,562 51,292 119,854 22,701 15,319 38,020 383,962 302,507 686,469 635,688 501,866 1,137,554
1 to 8 463,496 389,601 853,097 245,116 180,491 425,607 85,586 57,932 143,518 1,315,142 1,026,332 2,341,474 2,109,340 1,654,356 3,763,696
9 and10 79,114 65,468 144,582 38,791 30,242 69,033 12,266 8,832 21,098 221,479 181,691 403,170 351,650 286,233 637,883
1 to 10 542,610 455,069 997,679 283,907 210,733 494,640 97,852
66,764 164,616 1,536,621 1,208,023 2,744,644 2,460,990 1,940,589 4,401,579
Class and Social Category Wise Enrolment - Other Management Schools
General SC ST OBC Total
Class
Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total
EDUCATION AND
Class 01 23 14 37 9 5 14 11 17 28 31 11 42 74 47 121
Class 02 3 3 6 10 4 14 13 13 26 16 11 27 42 31 73
SPORTS
Class 03 9 3 12 15 12 27 18 19 37 21 6 27 63 40 103
Class 04 11 1 12 19 17 36 19 11 30 25 13 38 74 42 116
Class 05 8 5 13 17 19 36 10 25 35 31 14 45 66 63 129
Class 06 88 80 168 151 136 287 47 79 126 1,581 1,451 3,032 1,867 1,746 3,613
Class 07 64 64 128 113 124 237 40 80 120 1,024 950 1,974 1,241 1,218 2,459
Class 08 28 18 46 52 69 121 21 51 72 280 224 504 381 362 743
Class 09 44 18 62 32 77 109 14 47 61 217 185 402 307 327 634
Class 10 6 3 9 42 74 116 13 56 69 181 175 356 242 308 550
1 to 5 54 26 80 70 57 127 71 85 156 124 55 179 319 223 542
6 to 8 180 162 342 316 329 645 108 210 318 2,885 2,625 5,510 3,489 3,326 6,815
1 to 8 234 188 422 386 386 772 179 295 474 3,009 2,680 5,689 3,808 3,549 7,357
9 and 10 50 21 71 74 151 225 27 103 130 398 360 758 549 635 1,184
1 to 10 284 209 493 460 537 997 206 398 604 3,407 3,040 6,447 4,357 4,184 8,541
Class and Social Category Wise Enrolment - Central Schools
General SC ST OBC Total
Class
Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total
Class 01 1,197 1,081 2,278 412 441 853 146 184 330 702 562 1,264 2,457 2,268 4,725
Class 02 1,229 1,214 2,443 536 450 986 197 155 352 695 636 1,331 2,657 2,455 5,112
Class 03 1,312 1,210 2,522 525 498 1,023 195 155 350 841 777 1,618 2,873 2,640 5,513
Class 04 1,314 1,259 2,573 519 494 1,013 206 152 358 722 685 1,407 2,761 2,590 5,351
Class 05 1,379 1,312 2,691 566 429 995 196 171 367 888 731 1,619 3,029 2,643 5,672
Class 06 1,775 1,391 3,166 818 604 1,422 323 252 575 1,272 1,000 2,272 4,188 3,247 7,435
Class 07 1,690 1,485 3,175 835 621 1,456 314 244 558 1,046 799 1,845 3,885 3,149 7,034
Class 08 1,810 1,615 3,425 884 617 1,501 351 281 632 1,043 846 1,889 4,088 3,359 7,447
Class 09 2,040 1,720 3,760 778 549 1,327 279 226 505 1,047 755 1,802 4,144 3,250 7,394
Class 10 1,951 1,777 3,728 738 544 1,282 306 218 524 1,016 778 1,794 4,011 3,317 7,328
1 to 5 6,431 6,076 12,507 2,558 2,312 4,870 940 817 1,757 3,848 3,391 7,239 13,777 12,596 26,373
6 to 8 5,275 4,491 9,766 2,537 1,842 4,379 988 777 1,765 3,361 2,645 6,006 12,161 9,755 21,916
1 to 8 11,706 10,567 22,273 5,095 4,154 9,249 1,928 1,594 3,522 7,209 6,036 13,245 25,938 22,351 48,289
9 and10 3,991 3,497 7,488 1,516 1,093 2,609 585 444 1,029 2,063 1,533 3,596 8,155 6,567 14,722
1 to 10 15,697 14,064 29,761 6,611 5,247 11,858
2,513 2,038 4,551 9,272 7,569 16,841 34,093 28,918 63,011
803
Management and Level Wise Enrolment - All Social Category
Class 1 to 5 Class 6 to 8 Class 1 to 8 Class 9 and 10 Total Class 1 to 10
Management
Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total
Department of
KARNATAKA
1,156,645 1,268,304 2,424,949 658,061 699,712 1,357,773 1,814,706 1,968,016 3,782,722 296,470 300,062 596,532 2,111,176 2,268,078 4,379,254
HAND BOOK OF
Education
Tribal/Social
7,967 6,418 14,385 54,562 64,530 119,092 62,529 70,948 133,477 20,052 25,109 45,161 82,581 96,057 178,638
Welfare Dept.
Local body 822 799 1,621 1,580 1,444 3,024 2,402 2,243 4,645 2,236 2,920 5,156 4,638 5,163 9,801
Pvt. Aided 210,581 199,277 409,858 225,364 201,298 426,662 435,945 400,575 836,520 258,716 241,320 500,036 694,661 641,895 1,336,556
Pvt. Unaided 1,473,500 1,152,372 2,625,872 635,688 501,866 1,137,554 2,109,188 1,654,238 3,763,426 351,650 286,233 637,883 2,460,838 1,940,471 4,401,309
Others 319 223 542 3,489 3,326 6,815 3,808 3,549 7,357 549 635 1,184 4,357 4,184 8,541
Central Govt. 13,777 12,596 26,373 12,161 9,755 21,916 25,938 22,351 48,289 8,155 6,567 14,722 34,093 28,918 63,011
Un-Recognised 152 118 270 0 0 0 152 118 270 0 0 0 152 118 270
Total 2,863,763 2,640,107 5,503,870 1,590,905 1,481,931 3,072,836 4,454,668 4,122,038 8,576,706 937,828 862,846 1,800,674 5,392,496 4,984,884 10,377,380
Management and Level Wise Enrolment - General
Class 1 to 5 Class 6 to 8 Class 1 to 8 Class 9 and 10 Total Class 1 to 10
Management
Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total
Department of
34,571 38,429 73,000 23,140 25,532 48,672 57,711 63,961 121,672 6,332 6,659 12,991 64,043 70,620 134,663
Education
Tribal/Social
106 74 180 1,621 1,622 3,243 1,727 1,696 3,423 407 300 707 2,134 1,996 4,130
Welfare Dept.
Local body 143 140 283 227 190 417 370 330 700 367 382 749 737 712 1,449
Pvt. Aided 14,688 14,638 29,326 16,503 16,039 32,542 31,191 30,677 61,868 14,979 14,190 29,169 46,170 44,867 91,037
Pvt. Unaided 303,001 256,834 559,835 160,463 132,748 293,211 463,464 389,582 853,046 79,114 65,468 144,582 542,578 455,050 997,628
Others 54 26 80 180 162 342 234 188 422 50 21 71 284 209 493
Central Govt. 6,431 6,076 12,507 5,275 4,491 9,766 11,706 10,567 22,273 3,991 3,497 7,488 15,697 14,064 29,761
Un-Recognised 32 19 51 0 0 0 32 19 51 0 0 0 32 19 51
Total 359,026 316,236 675,262 207,409 180,784 388,193 566,435 497,020 1,063,455 105,240 90,517 195,757 671,675 587,537 1,259,212
Management and Level Wise Enrolment - SC
Class 1 to 5 Class 6 to 8 Class 1 to 8 Class 9 and 10 Total Class 1 to 10
Management
Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total
Department of
310,654 330,929 641,583 165,194 165,415 330,609 475,848 496,344 972,192 68,789 65,532 134,321 544,637 561,876 1,106,513
Education
Tribal/Social
3,161 2,471 5,632 17,335 23,611 40,946 20,496 26,082 46,578 6,223 8,969 15,192 26,719 35,051 61,770
Welfare Dept.
Local body 264 243 507 576 474 1,050 840 717 1,557 698 864 1,562 1,538 1,581 3,119
Pvt. Aided 42,874 40,000 82,874 50,472 43,391 93,863 93,346 83,391 176,737 59,409 51,523 110,932 152,755 134,914 287,669
Pvt. Unaided 176,526 129,167 305,693 68,562 51,292 119,854 245,088 180,459 425,547 38,791 30,242 69,033 283,879 210,701 494,580
Others 70 57 127 316 329 645 386 386 772 74 151 225 460 537 997
Central Govt. 2,558 2,312 4,870 2,537 1,842 4,379 5,095 4,154 9,249 1,516 1,093 2,609 6,611 5,247 11,858
Un-Recognised 28 32 60 0 0 0 28 32 60 0 0 0 28 32 60
Total 536,135 505,211 1,041,346 304,992 286,354 591,346 841,127 791,565 1,632,692 175,500 158,374 333,874 1,016,627 949,939 1,966,566
Management and Level Wise Enrolment - ST
Class 1 to 5 Class 6 to 8 Class 1 to 8 Class 9 and 10 Total Class 1 to 10
Management
Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total
Department of
140,301 147,546 287,847 73,736 73,579 147,315 214,037 221,125 435,162 30,783 29,350 60,133 244,820 250,475 495,295
Education
Tribal/Social
3,175 2,813 5,988 6,641 10,019 16,660 9,816 12,832 22,648 1,825 3,368 5,193 11,641 16,200 27,841
Welfare Dept.
Local body 38 34 72 102 88 190 140 122 262 131 148 279 271 270 541
Pvt. Aided 13,474 11,783 25,257 17,069 13,684 30,753 30,543 25,467 56,010 20,806 17,827 38,633 51,349 43,294 94,643
Pvt. Unaided 62,883 42,611 105,494 22,701 15,319 38,020 85,584 57,930 143,514 12,266 8,832 21,098 97,850 66,762 164,612
Others 71 85 156 108 210 318 179 295 474 27 103 130 206 398 604
Central Govt. 940 817 1,757 988 777 1,765 1,928 1,594 3,522 585 444 1,029 2,513 2,038 4,551
Un-Recognised 2 2 4 0 0 0 2 2 4 0 0 0 2 2 4
Total 220,884 205,691 426,575 121,345 113,676 235,021 342,229 319,367 661,596 66,423 60,072 126,495 408,652 379,439 788,091
804
Management and Level Wise Enrolment - OBC
Class 1 to 5 Class 6 to 8 Class 1 to 8 Class 9 and 10 Total Class 1 to 10
Management
Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total
Department of
671,119 751,400 1,422,519 395,991 435,186 831,177 1,067,110 1,186,586 2,253,696 190,566 198,521 389,087 1,257,676 1,385,107 2,642,783
Education
Tribal/Social
1,525 1,060 2,585 28,965 29,278 58,243 30,490 30,338 60,828 11,597 12,472 24,069 42,087 42,810 84,897
Welfare Dept.
Local body 377 382 759 675 692 1,367 1,052 1,074 2,126 1,040 1,526 2,566 2,092 2,600 4,692
Pvt. Aided 139,545 132,856 272,401 141,320 128,184 269,504 280,865 261,040 541,905 163,522 157,780 321,302 444,387 418,820 863,207
Pvt. Unaided 931,090 723,760 1,654,850 383,962 302,507 686,469 1,315,052 1,026,267 2,341,319 221,479 181,691 403,170 1,536,531 1,207,958 2,744,489
Others 124 55 179 2,885 2,625 5,510 3,009 2,680 5,689 398 360 758 3,407 3,040 6,447
Central Govt. 3,848 3,391 7,239 3,361 2,645 6,006 7,209 6,036 13,245 2,063 1,533 3,596 9,272 7,569 16,841
Un-Recognised 90 65 155 0 0 0 90 65 155 0 0 0 90 65 155
Total 1,747,718 1,612,969 3,360,687 957,159 901,117 1,858,276 2,704,877 2,514,086 5,218,963 590,665 553,883 1,144,548 3,295,542 3,067,969 6,363,511
Management and Level Wise Enrolment - Muslim
Class 1 to 5 Class 6 to 8 Class 1 to 8 Class 9 and 10 Total Class 1 to 10
Management
Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total
Department of
146,409 171,290 317,699 85,971 98,932 184,903 232,380 270,222 502,602 36,884 42,598 79,482 269,264 312,820 582,084
Education
Tribal/Social
102 70 172 7,301 5,856 13,157 7,403 5,926 13,329 1,508 1,229 2,737 8,911 7,155 16,066
Welfare Dept.
Local body 212 185 397 303 445 748 515 630 1,145 455 850 1,305 970 1,480 2,450
Pvt. Aided 43,806 42,372 86,178 35,145 35,378 70,523 78,951 77,750 156,701 34,468 37,411 71,879 113,419 115,161 228,580
Pvt. Unaided 259,220 207,353 466,573 111,519 91,777 203,296 370,739 299,130 669,869 58,496 50,604 109,100 429,235 349,734 778,969
Others 15 10 25 2,169 1,890 4,059 2,184 1,900 4,084 152 87 239 2,336 1,987 4,323
Central Govt. 1,082 908 1,990 606 567 1,173 1,688 1,475 3,163 367 363 730 2,055 1,838 3,893
Un-Recognised 10 4 14 0 0 0 10 4 14 0 0 0 10 4 14
Total 450,856 422,192 873,048 243,014 234,845 477,859 693,870 657,037 1,350,907 132,330 133,142 265,472 826,200 790,179 1,616,379
Management and Level Wise Enrolment - Kannada Medium
Class 1 to 5 Class 6 to 8 Class 1 to 8 Class 9 and 10 Total Class 1 to 10
Management
Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total
Department of
1,074,826 1,143,755 2,218,581 585,840 600,948 1,186,788 1,660,666 1,744,703 3,405,369 256,137 247,010 503,147 1,916,803 1,991,713 3,908,516
Education
Tribal/Social
7,967 6,418 14,385 1,662 1,668 3,330 9,629 8,086 17,715 1,020 1,088 2,108 10,649 9,174 19,823
EDUCATION AND
Welfare Dept.
Local body 634 596 1,230 1,049 773 1,822 1,683 1,369 3,052 1,187 1,404 2,591 2,870 2,773 5,643
SPORTS
Pvt. Aided 188,016 166,284 354,300 192,954 156,640 349,594 380,970 322,924 703,894 216,167 182,788 398,955 597,137 505,712 1,102,849
Pvt. Unaided 336,869 215,941 552,810 94,158 60,205 154,363 431,027 276,146 707,173 54,730 39,475 94,205 485,757 315,621 801,378
Others 307 219 526 200 174 374 507 393 900 227 189 416 734 582 1,316
Central Govt. 2 1 3 17 14 31 19 15 34 1 0 1 20 15 35
Un-Recognised 23 26 49 0 0 0 23 26 49 0 0 0 23 26 49
Total 1,608,644 1,533,240 3,141,884 875,880 820,422 1,696,302 2,484,524 2,353,662 4,838,186 529,469 471,954 1,001,423 3,013,993 2,825,616 5,839,609
Management and Level Wise Enrolment - English Medium
Class 1 to 5 Class 6 to 8 Class 1 to 8 Class 9 and 10 Total Class 1 to 10
Management
Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total
Department of
787 788 1,575 34,834 38,170 73,004 35,621 38,958 74,579 30,214 33,824 64,038 65,835 72,782 138,617
Education
Tribal/Social
0 0 0 52,811 62,589 115,400 52,811 62,589 115,400 18,971 23,816 42,787 71,782 86,405 158,187
Welfare Dept.
Local body 108 133 241 475 640 1,115 583 773 1,356 964 1,460 2,424 1,547 2,233 3,780
Pvt. Aided 8,257 11,380 19,637 19,381 24,489 43,870 27,638 35,869 63,507 27,800 34,725 62,525 55,438 70,594 126,032
Pvt. Unaided 1,114,582 911,451 2,026,033 535,380 433,353 968,733 1,649,962 1,344,804 2,994,766 293,474 241,072 534,546 1,943,436 1,585,876 3,529,312
Others 12 4 16 3,289 3,149 6,438 3,301 3,153 6,454 322 446 768 3,623 3,599 7,222
Central Govt. 13,519 12,276 25,795 11,852 9,438 21,290 25,371 21,714 47,085 7,910 6,334 14,244 33,281 28,048 61,329
Un-Recognised 129 92 221 0 0 0 129 92 221 0 0 0 129 92 221
2,073518
Total 1,137,394 936,124 658,022 571,828 1,229,850 1,795,416 1,507,952 3,303,368 379,655 341,677 721,332 2,175,071 1,849,629 4,024,700
805
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
Management and Level Wise Enrolment - Urdu Medium
Class 1 to 5 Class 6 to 8 Class 1 to 8 Class 9 and 10 Total Class 1 to 10
Management
Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total
Department of
58,706 98,094 156,800 26,482 47,801 74,283 85,188 145,895 231,083 7,719 16,451 24,170 92,907 162,346 255,253
Education
Tribal/Social
0 0 0 89 273 362 89 273 362 61 205 266 150 478 628
Welfare Dept.
Local body 80 70 150 27 17 44 107 87 194 9 13 22 116 100 216
Pvt. Aided 9,772 17,089 26,861 6,823 13,869 20,692 16,595 30,958 47,553 5,821 14,555 20,376 22,416 45,513 67,929
Pvt. Unaided 19,155 22,679 41,834 4,768 7,187 11,955 23,923 29,866 53,789 2,375 4,792 7,167 26,298 34,658 60,956
Others 0 0 0 0 3 3 0 3 3 0 0 0 0 3 3
Central Govt. 76 146 222 38 110 148 114 256 370 28 99 127 142 355 497
Un-Recognised 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 87,789 138,078 225,867 38,227 69,260 107,487 126,016 207,338 333,354 16,013 36,115 52,128 142,029 243,453 385,482
Management and Level Wise Enrolment - Tamil & Telugu
Class 1 to 5 Class 6 to 8 Class 1 to 8 Class 9 and 10 Total Class 1 to 10
Management
Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total
Department of
Education ϭ͕ϰϭϰ ϭ͕ϯϴϯ Ϯ͕ϳϵϳ ϲϰϯ ϲϬϳ ϭ͕ϮϱϬ Ϯ͕Ϭϱϳ ϭ͕ϵϵϬ ϰ͕Ϭϰϳ ϮϮϭ ϮϬϳ ϰϮϴ Ϯ͕Ϯϳϴ Ϯ͕ϭϵϳ ϰ͕ϰϳϱ
Tribal/Social Welfare
Dept. Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ
Local body Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ
Pvt. Aided ϭ͕ϲϲϲ ϭ͕ϳϵϲ ϯ͕ϰϲϮ ϳϴϯ ϳϳϯ ϭ͕ϱϱϲ Ϯ͕ϰϰϵ Ϯ͕ϱϲϵ ϱ͕Ϭϭϴ ϭϵϴ ϮϬϳ ϰϬϱ Ϯ͕ϲϰϳ Ϯ͕ϳϳϲ ϱ͕ϰϮϯ
Pvt. Unaided ϰϲ ϰϯ ϴϵ ϱϵ ϱϮ ϭϭϭ ϭϬϱ ϵϱ ϮϬϬ ϭϭ Ϯϱ ϯϲ ϭϭϲ ϭϮϬ Ϯϯϲ
Others Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ
Central Govt. Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ
Un-Recognised Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ
Total 3,126 3,222 6,348 1,485 1,432 2,917 4,611 4,654 9,265 430 439 869 5,041 5,093 10,134
Management and Level Wise Enrolment - Marathi
Class 1 to 5 Class 6 to 8 Class 1 to 8 Class 9 and 10 Total Class 1 to 10
Management
Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total
Department of Education 20,842 24,207 45,049 10,212 12,134 22,346 31,054 36,341 67,395 2,171 2,565 4,736 33,225 38,906 72,131
Tribal/Social Welfare Dept. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Local body 0 0 0 29 14 43 29 14 43 76 43 119 105 57 162
Pvt. Aided 2,329 2,218 4,547 5,225 5,324 10,549 7,554 7,542 15,096 8,615 8,935 17,550 16,169 16,477 32,646
Pvt. Unaided 2,767 2,216 4,983 1,292 1,046 2,338 4,059 3,262 7,321 1,038 850 1,888 5,097 4,112 9,209
Others 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Central Govt. 86 84 170 67 41 108 153 125 278 50 25 75 203 150 353
Un-Recognised 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 26,024 28,725 54,749 16,825 18,559 35,384 42,849 47,284 90,133 11,950 12,418 24,368 54,799 59,702 114,501
806
CWSN wise Enrolment - Class 1 to 8
Physically
Visual
Visual Speech Handicappe
Imparemen Hearing Mental Learning Cerebral Multiple
Sl. Total (Class 1 to 8) Imparement Imparement d/Loco Autism
Management t Imparement Retardation disability Palsy disability
No. (Low-vision) /Problem motor
(Blindness)
Imparement
Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls
Department of
1 27,958 21,453 49,411 573 444 3,528 3,343 2,105 1,818 4,180 3,006 6,382 4,650 3,250 2,531 1,353 1,002 681 457 190 109 5,716 4,093
Education
Tribal / Social
Welfare
2 727 565 1,292 68 87 110 127 292 133 17 20 128 100 10 4 7 7 0 5 0 1 95 81
Department
Schools
3 Local body 13 11 24 0 1 2 1 0 2 1 2 3 3 3 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 3 0
4 Pvt. Aided 3,530 2,560 6,090 373 208 568 546 574 454 349 197 656 432 274 177 139 94 43 35 23 16 531 401
5 Pvt. Unaided 8,742 5,785 14,527 760 562 926 746 1,518 1,058 602 356 1,002 587 614 301 292 197 109 68 126 56 2,793 1,854
Others State
Govt.
6 170 110 280 24 33 17 2 102 43 0 3 6 11 0 1 0 0 1 1 2 1 18 15
Managed
Schools
Central Govt
7 86 70 156 2 3 19 10 8 9 3 5 39 24 4 1 0 4 0 0 0 0 11 14
Schools
Un-
8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Recognised
TOTAL 41226 30554 71780 1800 1338 5170 4775 4599 3517 5152 3589 8216 5807 4155 3017 1791 1304 835 566 341 183 9167 6458
CWSN wise Enrolment - Class 9 and 10
Physically
Visual
Visual Hearing Speech Handicappe Mental
Sl Imparement Learning Cerebral Multiple
Total (Class 9 to 10) Imparement Impareme Imparement d/Loco Retardatio Autism
.N Management (Low- disability Palsy disability
(Blindness) nt /Problem motor n
o. vision)
Imparement
Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls
Department of
1 3,498 2,697 6,195 84 77 819 823 345 240 332 207 938 645 273 148 259 170 61 51 17 11 370 325
Education
Tribal/Social
Welfare
2 162 213 375 18 20 11 46 62 48 1 5 39 62 0 2 0 2 0 0 0 1 31 27
Department
Schools
3 Local body 9 9 18 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 2 2 0 3 0 0 1 0 0 0 5 3
EDUCATION AND
4 Pvt. Aided 2,247 1,829 4,076 129 96 424 540 269 229 203 147 552 409 153 65 174 83 34 27 7 8 302 225
SPORTS
5 Pvt. Unaided 1,785 1,152 2,937 149 115 204 177 444 291 77 36 271 153 56 38 271 114 23 12 14 5 276 211
Others State
6 Govt. Managed 75 41 116 14 15 4 3 47 16 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5
Schools
Central Govt
7 31 21 52 0 1 4 5 6 5 1 0 17 8 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
Schools
8 Un-Recognised 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
TOTAL 7,807 5,962 13,769 394 324 1,466 1,595 1,173 829 615 395 1,819 1,281 482 257 706 369 119 90 38 25 995 797
Management wise teacher
Primary Upper Primary Elementary Secondary
Management work ing work ing work ing work ing
Sanct Sanct Sanct Sanct
Femal
ioned Total Male ioned Total Male Female ioned Total Male Female ioned Total Male Female
e
Department of Education 46,616 39,493 20,430 19,063 144,569 120,925 55,618 65,307 191,387 160,572 76,118 84,454 39,332 35,961 16,918 19,043
Tribal / Social Welfare
451 348 179 169 2,186 1,710 860 850 2,772 2,123 1,063 1,060 2,759 2,176 1,139 1,037
Department Schools
Local body 6 6 3 3 119 54 31 23 161 95 35 60 346 217 129 88
Pvt. Aided 590 442 265 177 8,500 5,445 3,781 1,664 14,054 10,773 5,824 4,949 16,582 13,792 7,760 6,032
Pvt. Unaided 10,990 10,627 2,386 8,241 41,674 37,048 12,850 24,198 90,953 88,157 18,236 69,921 35,874 33,984 10,921 23,063
Others State Govt.
23 21 9 12 102 61 30 31 158 105 42 63 110 62 40 22
Managed Schools
Central Govt Schools 0 0 0 0 575 502 315 187 966 851 390 461 711 612 334 278
Un-Recognised 6 6 3 3 6 6 6 0 22 22 9 13 0 0 0 0
101,71
58,682 50,943 23,275 27,668 197,731 165,751 73,491 92,260 300,473 262,698 160,981 95,714 86,804 37,241 49,563
Total 7
807
Management wise Facility Available
Primary Upper Primary Elementary Secondary
KARNATAKA
Facility
HAND BOOK OF
Sl. Un Othe Educatio Un Othe Educati Educati
N Education Aided Total Aided Total Aided Un Aided Others Total Aided Un Aided Others Total
Aided rs n Aided rs on on
o. Total
21,009 220 3,877 141 25,247 22,483 2,795 10,551 1,252 37,081 43,492 3,015 14,428 1,393 62,328 4696 3801 6746 706 15949
Schools
1 Boys Toilet 19,193 211 3,129 132 22,665 21,505 2,759 10,152 901 35,317 40,698 2,970 13,281 1,033 57,982 4543 3773 6555 677 15548
2 Girls Toilet 20,136 211 3,131 131 23,609 22,068 2,778 10,158 868 35,872 42,204 2,989 13,289 999 59,481 4634 3782 6553 676 15645
3 Electricity 19,789 177 2,870 128 22,964 22,027 2,669 9,947 851 35,494 41,816 2,846 12,817 979 58,458 4576 3759 6512 679 15526
4 Play Ground 10,037 180 2,328 86 12,631 14,786 2,538 8,988 648 26,960 24,823 2,718 11,316 734 39,591 3979 3644 5926 548 14097
5 Ramps 10,331 44 890 28 11,293 14,616 699 2,302 203 17,820 24,947 743 3,192 231 29,113 2093 741 1485 194 4513
6 Library 6,390 88 1,096 46 7,620 6,695 1,148 4,732 384 12,959 13,085 1,236 5,828 430 20,579 1608 1406 3058 377 6449
Compound
7 15,289 137 2,491 120 18,037 19,628 2,230 8,994 768 31,620 34,917 2,367 11,485 888 49,657 3710 3077 5985 590 13362
Wall
Drinking
8 20,991 220 3,187 134 24,532 22,480 2,791 10,189 910 36,370 43,471 3,011 13,376 1,044 60,902 4695 3800 6568 682 15745
Water
Management wise Building Status
Sl. Building Primary Upper Primary Elementary Secondary
Un Un
No. Status Education Aided Others Total Education Aided Un Aided Others Total Education Aided Un Aided Others Total Education Aided Others Total
Aided Aided
1 Private 47 185 2,761 12 3,005 21 2,329 7,671 372 10,393 68 2,514 10,432 384 13,398 5 3461 5310 46 8822
2 Rented 83 29 1,091 8 1,211 137 437 2,809 214 3,597 220 466 3,900 222 4,808 9 296 1395 113 1813
3 Government 20,681 1 2 116 20,800 22,165 9 21 531 22,726 42,846 10 23 647 43,526 4544 20 15 482 5061
Govt. school
4 in rent free 155 4 3 5 167 121 15 12 122 270 276 19 15 127 437 119 18 6 63 206
building
5 No Building 16 0 0 0 16 4 1 1 5 11 20 1 1 5 27 7 0 1 1 9
6 Dilapidated 23 0 4 0 27 29 0 0 0 29 52 0 4 0 56 0 1 3 0 4
Under
7 4 1 16 0 21 6 4 37 8 55 10 5 53 8 76 12 5 16 1 34
Construction
Total 21,009 220 3,877 141 25,247 22,483 2,795 10,551 1,252 37,081 43,492 3,015 14,428 1,393 62,328 4696 3801 6746 706 15949
Management wise Room condition
Primary Upper Primary Elementary Secondary
Sl. Class Rooms Total No Class Rooms Total No Class Rooms Total Class Rooms Total
No
Management No or No or
or other or other
other other
Total Good Minor Major Rooms Total Good Minor Major Rooms Total Good Minor Major Rooms
Total Good Minor Major Rooms
Department of
1 Education
52,128 34,965 7,884 9,279 1,406 156,553 102,427 19,561 34,565 4,189 208,681 137,392 27,445 43,844 5,595 23,318 11,601 1,727 9,990 2,568
Tribal /Social
Welfare
2 Department
575 550 14 11 37 2,604 1,518 36 1,050 241 3,179 2,068 50 1,061 278 1,228 1,154 39 35 30
Schools
3 Local body 6 6 0 0 0 185 129 16 40 5 191 135 16 40 5 351 190 21 140 4
4 Pvt. Aided 1,166 1,068 59 39 45 24,042 22,150 840 1,052 901 25,208 23,218 899 1,091 946 20,383 12,790 372 7,221 1,102
5 Pvt. Unaided 18,680 17,938 302 440 1,753 115,639 104,595 838 10,206 6,399 134,319 122,533 1,140 10,646 8,152 29,005 22,466 214 6,325 1,274
Others State Govt.
6 Managed Schools
21 21 0 0 0 149 107 18 24 14 170 128 18 24 14 60 48 0 12 4
Central Govt
7 Schools
0 0 0 0 0 1,286 777 10 499 14 1,286 777 10 499 14 420 400 5 15 12
8 Un-Recognised 44 44 0 0 24 29 29 0 0 5 73 73 0 0 29 0 0 0 0 0
Total 72,620 54,592 8,259 9,769 3,265 300,487 231,732 21,319 47,436 11,768 373,107 286,324 29,578 57,205 15,033 74,765 48,649 2,378 23,738 4,994
Education Indicators
Primary Upper Primary Elementary Secondary
Management
Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total
Gross Enrollment Ratio 105.68 103.83 104.79 96.78 98.71 97.7 102.32 101.93 102.13 105.68 103.83 104.79
Net Enrolment Ratio 97.65 96.21 96.96 82.68 84.14 83.38 92 91.73 91.87 97.65 96.21 96.96
Retention Rate 95.95 95.95 95.95 98.38 98.45 98.41 87.85 87.32 87.6 90.19 92.06 91.09
Transition Rate 100.12 100.21 100.16 99.79 99.49 99.65 100.93 98.9 99.95 92.1 95.69 93.8
Average Annual Dropout 0.99 0.85 0.92 1.21 1.97 1.58 1.07 1.25 1.15 9.74 6.23 8.08
Promotion Rate 99.01 99.15 99.08 98.79 98.03 98.42 98.93 98.75 98.85 90.26 93.77 91.92
Gender parity Index (GER) 0.98 1.02 1.00
PTR for Sanctioned Teacher post 12.77 20.71 18.77
PTR for working Teacher 15.07 24.76 22.37
OOOO
808
Chapter XI
MEDICAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE
T he Ayurveda system of medicine has been
in practice from very early times. Several
AyurvedaVaidyas enjoyed royal patronage. In
position in thHÀHOGRIIDPLO\SODQQLQJSURJUDPPH
7KH :RUOG·V ÀUVW RIÀFLDO IDPLO\ SODQQLQJ FOLQLF ZDV
established in Mysuru in 1930. The University
every village there were at least one or two families Medical School in Bengaluru was started in 1917
capable of offering relief to patients with the help DQG LQ WKH ÀUVW PHGLFDO FROOHJH ZDV RSHQHG
of herbs. Restricted to towns, the Unani System of After the re-organization of the State with parts
medicine was introduced in around 14th Century, of erstwhile Mysuru, Bombay, Madras, Coorg and
during Muslim rule. The Unani physicians known Hyderabad in 1956, it was felt that there was need
as Hakeems HQMR\HG WKH FRQÀGHQFH RI WKH 0XVOLP to co-ordinate the medical and health services, and
rulers as well as the general public. The Bahmani accordingly, the medical department and public
King Ahmed II (1436-53) ordered the construction health department were amalgamated into a single
of a splendid Shafa Khana (hospital) at Bidar department, i.e. The Department of Health Services.
which attracted patients from all communities.
Homeopathy, Yoga, Naturopathy and Siddha systems Man is part of the environment and he plays a major
were also in practice. role in molding the environment which provides
him physical sustenance and the opportunity for
Health administration in the erstwhile State of intellectual, moral, social and spiritual growth.
Mysuru was very well ahead of its neighbouring Enormous increase in population and human
provinces. Prior to 1864, four hospitals and 24 activities has resulted inlarge-scale exploitation
dispensaries under the British administration were of natural resources in the name of development.
in existence and these were handed over to the then This has caused rapid depletion of these valuable
Government of Mysuru in 1884. A medical school resources and degradation of the environment which
was established as early as 1881, for the purpose in turn has affected the health of the people. Human
of training Hospital Assistants. In 1907, the re- health has been adversely affected by environmental
organization of the health services took place and factors such as air pollution, water pollution, soil
a Public Health Department was created. In 1913, pollution, presence of insectvectors, hospital and
the head of the Medical Department was designated
municipal waste. The key to man’s health lies mainly
as Sanitary Commissioner. In the Mysuru State, a
in ensuring a healthy environment.
board of Health was appointed in 1929 to act as an
Advisory Body on the public health matters. Mysuru Public health is the outcome of co-ordination
6WDWH LV WKH ÀUVW LQ WKH &RXQWU\ WR HVWDEOLVK 5XUDO of several other sectors such as rural development,
Health Centres in 1931, which can be considered agriculture, food production, sanitation, housing,
as a milestone in the health administration of the drinking water supply and education along with
State. The important activities of these centres were health sector globally, the healthcare sector,
improvement of village sanitation, investigation which is essential for human health, consumes a
and control of outbreak of epidemic diseases, large number of resources, uses energy - intensive
immunization services, chlorination of drinking technologies and generates wastes, which also
water sources and reporting of births and deaths. contribute to the carbon footprint. In order to be
A Bureau of Maternal and Child Health, and a environmentally friendly, the concept of green
Bureau of Malariology were started in 1934 and hospital is recommended. Green hospital is one
Health training-cum-Demonstration centre was which enhances patient well being, aids in curative
opened in 1936. Mysuru was one of the earliest process while utilizing natural resources in an
states to establish a Health education Bureau in the HIÀFLHQW HQYLURQPHQW IULHQGO\ PDQQHU E\ UHGXFLQJ
Department of Health in 1929, to promote health energy consumption, costs and CO2 emissions.
consciousness among people. 809
Vital Statistics: Registration of births and deaths is
The erstwhile State of Mysuru occupies a unique an important source of demographic data for socio-
economic development and population control Deaths have been appointed for different areas to
in developing Countries. The data on population decentralize the work. In rural areas, the village
growth, fertility and mortality serves as the starting accountants are the registrars.
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
point for population projections. Apart from these
Sample Registration System (SRS): With a view
vital indicators, an adequate evaluation of number
to generate reliable and continuous data on these
of programs in the health sector, including family
LQGLFDWRUV WKH 2IÀFH RI WKH 5HJLVWUDU *HQHUDO
planning, maternal and child health (Reproductive
India, initiated the scheme of sample registration
and Child health), immunization programs is
of births and deaths in India popularly known as
dependent upon the availability of accurate, up-
Sample Registration System in 1964-65 on a pilot
to-date fertility and mortality data. In India, the
basis and on full scale from 1969-70. The SRS
need for dependable demographic data was felt
since then has been providing data on regular
soon after independence heralding the era of basis. The main objective of SRS is to provide
ÀYH\HDUSODQQLQJ7KHUHJLVWUDWLRQRIELUWKVDQG reliable estimates of birth rate, death rate and
deaths started on voluntary basis and there was infant mortality rate for the rural areas and for the
no uniformity in statistical returns resulting in urban areas district-wise as per National Sample
both under-registration and incomplete coverage. Survey (NSS) FODVVLÀHG JURXS RI FRQWLJXRXV
In order to unify the civil registration activities, administrative districts with distinct geographical
the Registration of Births and Deaths Act, 1969 and other natural characteristics. It also provides
was enacted. Despite having the registration of data for other measures of fertility and mortality
births and deaths compulsory under the statute, including total fertility, infant and child mortality
the level of registration of births and deaths under rate at higher geographical levels.
the Act has continued to be far from satisfactory
in several States/Union Territories. Various methods based on the application of
sampling techniques have been tried and tested
The Director of Economics and Statistics is the in many developing Countries. Such methods
Chief Registrar of Births and Deaths at State include single and multi-round retrospective
level. The Joint Director, the Deputy Director and surveys and the dual record system. The SRS
Assistant Directors oversee Vital Statistics, as the in India is based on a dual record system. The
Joint Chief Registrars. The Registration of Births ÀHOG LQYHVWLJDWLRQ XQGHU 6DPSOH 5HJLVWUDWLRQ
and Deaths Rules 1970 came into effect from System consists of continuous enumeration of
1971 in the State. The Chief Registrar is the Chief births and deaths in a sample of villages/urban
Executive Authority in the State for implementing blocks by a resident part time enumerator, and an
the Act. independent six-monthly retrospective survey by
a full time supervisor. The data obtained through
Birth Registration in Karnataka: The registration
these two sources are matched. The unmatched
of Births and Deaths Act, 1969 came into force
DQG SDUWLDOO\ PDWFKHG HYHQWV DUH UHYHULÀHG LQ
in the State with effect from 1st April 1970. The
WKH ÀHOG WR JHW DQ XQGXSOLFDWHG FRXQW RI FRUUHFW
Karnataka Registration of Birth and Death Rules
events. The advantage of this procedure, in
(KRBD), 1970 were framed and issued by the
addition to elimination of errors of duplication, is
Government of Karnataka on 15th December 1970
that it leads to a quantitative assessment of the
and were effective from 1st January 1971. Initially,
sources of distortion in the two sets of records
in the rural areas, village Headman (Patels)
making it a self-evaluating technique.
acted as the registrars till 1978. The KRBD rules
subsequently were amended in December 1999, Table :11.1
as per the instructions of Registrar General, India. Infant Mortality Rate Maternal Mortality Rate
Revamped system of Registration of Births and Year (IMR) (Per thousand Live (MMR) (for every 1,00,000
Births) Live Births)
Deaths is in force in Karnataka from 1st January
2011 35 178
2000. In the urban areas/city corporation/city
municipal councils/Town Municipal Councils/ 2012 32 144
1RWLÀHG $UHD &RPPLWWHHV3URMHFW $UHD6DQLWDU\ 2013 31 144
%RDUGV HWF +HDWK 2IÀFHU+HDOWK ,QVSHFWRUV 2014 31 144
810 Sanitary Inspectors are the Registrars. In some 2015 31 133
large cities/towns, Sub-Registrar of Births and
2016 24* 108*
IDFW DQG LQ RUGHU WR GUDZ WKH SURÀOH RI GLIIHUHQW
natural and manmade causes of death, the
2017 24* 108*
international community of Medical Professionals,
2018
under the aegis of World Health Organisation
(Upto 24* 108*
Nov) KDYH FRGLÀHG PRVW RI WKH GLVHDVH ODEHOLQJ WKHP
*Data from SRS 2016 “,QWHUQDWLRQDO&ODVVLÀFDWLRQRI'LVHDVHV ,&' ”.
(Source : Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19)
This ICD is customised to the Indian conditions
Table :11.2 under the scheme of “0HGLFDO &HUWLÀFDWLRQ
of Cause of Death”. Important demographic
Crude birth Crude death
Year rate (For 1000 rate (For 1000 TFR indicators like Infant Mortality Rate, Maternal
Population) Population) Mortality Rate and Child Mortality Rate are
2011 18.8 7.1 2 derived using the information on MCCD. The term
cause of death· KDV EHHQ GHÀQHG DV WR JR EDFN
2012 18.5 7.1 1.9
to the root/underlying cause. It is “the morbid
2013 18.3 7 1.9 condition to which can be traced the sequences of
2014 18.3 7 1.9 events ultimately resulting in death”.
2015 18.3 7 1.8** Methodology: The necessary data is collected in
2016 18.1* 6.8* 1.8** the Prescribed forms (Form No.4 for Hospital deaths
2017 17.6* 6.7* 1.8** and Form No.4A for Non-institutional deaths).
Both these forms have been designed by World
2018 (Upto
Nov)
17.6* 6.7* 1.8** Health Organisation (WHO) and are supposed
** Data from NFHS4
WR EH ÀOOHGXS E\ WKH PHGLFDO SURIHVVLRQDOV
(Source: Economic Survey of Karnataka 2018-19) attending to the deceased at the time of terminal
illness. Thereafter, these forms are to be sent to
0HGLFDO&HUWLÀFDWLRQRI&DXVHRI'HDWK 0&&' the concerned Registrars of Births and Deaths
5HOLDEOH FDXVH VSHFLÀF PRUWDOLW\ VWDWLVWLFV LV for onward transmission to the Chief Registrar
required on a regular basis by Administrators, 2IÀFH IRU WDEXODWLRQ DV SHU 1DWLRQDO /LVW EDVHG
Policy Planners, Researchers and other on ,QWHUQDWLRQDO&ODVVLÀFDWLRQRI'HDWK. The State
Professionals for evidence based decision making VXEVHTXHQWO\VHQGLWWRWKH2IÀFHRIWKH5HJLVWUDU
with regard to resource allocation, monitoring
General, India in the form of Statistical Table-9 for
of indicators, identifying the Priorities for
consolidation at the National level.
programmes and other related activities in the
area of Public Health. Keeping this in view, the Scope of the report: The report on Medical
MEDICAL AND PUBLIC
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HEALTH SERVICE
(MCCD) was introduced in the Country under the upon 1,23,221(Males: 78,517 and Females:
provisions of Registration of Births and Deaths PHGLFDOO\ FHUWLÀHG GHDWKV SHU
(RBD) Act, 1969. Section 10(2) of the Act empowers cent of total registered deaths) supplied by 1,308
the State Government to enforce the provision Hospitals. As mentioned above, owing to different
UHODWLQJWR0HGLFDO&HUWLÀFDWLRQRI&DXVHRI'HDWK OHYHOV RI HIÀFLHQF\ RI PHGLFDO FHUWLÀFDWLRQ DFURVV
LQ VSHFLÀHG DUHDV WDNLQJ LQWR FRQVLGHUDWLRQ WKH the State, the number of deaths reported therein
availability of medical facilities. Section 10(3) of may lack the representative feature in the strict
the Act SURYLGHV IRU LVVXLQJ D FHUWLÀFDWH RI WKH VHQVHKRZHYHULWPD\EHVXIÀFLHQWWRWKURZVRPH
cause of death by the medical practitioner who valuable insight into deaths by various cause
has attended on the deceased at the time of death. groups and their gravity.
Medical Research is currently facing stiff Overall Findings: During the year 2011,
challenges from the spread of a variety of ailments following are eight leading cause groups of
like Cancer, AIDS, Heart Diseases, Juvenile deaths constituting around 88.14 per cent of
GLDEHWHVQRQFRPPXQLFDEOHGLVHDVHV6ZLQHÁX total deaths: I. Diseases of Circulatory System
Dengue and Chikungunya etc. For tackling these (29.97 per cent)., II. Injury, Poisoning and certain
issues, good documentation of information on the other consequences of External causes (11.20
811
causes of death is indispensable. Recognising this per cent)., III. Certain Infectious and Parasitic
diseases (10.68 per cent)., IV. Certain condition disorders of digestive system “Diseases of the
originating in the perinatal period (9.33 per cent)., Liver” alone accounts for 66.52 per cent of the
V. Diseases of the Respiratory System (7.90 total deaths in this group.
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
per cent). VI. Diseases of the Digestive System
The group of “Endocrine, Nutritional and
(6.55 per cent)., VII. Endocrine, Nutritional and
Metabolic Diseases” is the seventh leading cause
Metabolic Diseases (6.36 per cent). VIII. Neoplasm
group accounting for 6.46 per cent of the total
(6.15 per cent).
PHGLFDOO\ FHUWLÀHG GHDWKV 8QGHU WKLV FDXVH
Among the “Diseases of the circulatory system” group, “Diabetes Mellitus” group alone accounts
deaths, “Ischemic Heart Diseases” (IHD) account for 86.61 per cent of total deaths reported and
for the highest number of deaths (41.03 per cent). SHUFHQWRIWRWDOPHGLFDOO\FHUWLÀHGGHDWKV
Around every 12th PHGLFDOO\ FHUWLÀHG GHDWK KDV
The eighth leading cause group, Neoplasms
been reported to be causes by Ischemic Heart
(cancer) is responsible for 6.25 per cent of the total
Disease alone.
PHGLFDOO\ FHUWLÀHG GHDWKV RI ZKLFK ´Malignant
The second leading cause group “Injury, Neoplasm of digestive organs” accounts for
Poisoning and certain other consequences 26.47 per cent which is around one-third of
of External causes” has a major constituent deaths. This is followed by “Malignant Neoplasms
“Poisonings by drugs and Biological substances of Lymphoid, Haematopoietic and Related tissue”
DQG 7R[LF HIIHFWV RI VXEVWDQFHV FKLHÁ\ QRQ accounts for one-sixth of deaths (15.32 per cent).
medicinal as to source” contributing around 36.48
per cent of the total deaths under this cause Age-wise: Every tenth reported medically
JURXSDQGSHUFHQWRIWRWDOPHGLFDOO\FHUWLÀHG FHUWLÀHG GHDWKV KDV EHHQ RI WKH LQIDQWV DJH
deaths. less than one year). About 87.81 per cent of
infant deaths have been reported to be caused
The major group “Certain Infectious and Parasitic by ‘Certain conditions originating in the perinatal
Diseases” which is the third leading cause of death period’. Among the children aged one to four
is mainly constituted by “Respiratory Tuberculosis years “Congenital Malformations, Deformations
and septicaemia”. Under this major group, the and Chromosomal Abnormalities” have taken the
share of these two diseases are 33.78 per cent highest toll of 29.62 per cent. In the age group 5-14
and 19.14 per cent respectively. The Respiratory years “Certain Infectious and Parasitic Diseases”
Tuberculosis alone accounts for 3.67 per cent of this cause claimed the topmost position with the
WKHWRWDOPHGLFDOO\FHUWLÀHGGHDWKV share of 23.67 per cent. In the age-group of 15-24
The fourth leading group “Certain conditions and 25-34 years, major group, “Injury Poisoning
originating in the perinatal period” accounting and certain other consequences of External
IRU SHU FHQW RI WKH WRWDO PHGLFDOO\ FHUWLÀHG causesµ LV WKH ÀUVW DPRQJ WKH OHDGLQJ FDXVHV
deaths. “Slow foetal growth, foetal malnutrition contributing around 45.81 per cent and 33.72 per
and immaturity” accounts for 41.81 per cent of the cent respectively. It implies that these age-group
deaths under the group and 3.96 per cent of total of youth and adolescent are more vulnerable to
PHGLFDOO\FHUWLÀHGGHDWKV injuries and poisoning related deaths. In the age-
JURXSRI\HDUVWKHÀUVWWZROHDGLQJFDXVHV
The major group “Diseases of the Respiratory “Diseases of Circulatory System” and “Injury,
System” is thH ÀIWK OHDGLQJ FDXVH ´Other Lower Poisoning and certain other consequences of
Respiratory Disorders” accounting for around External causes” are having shares of 23.39 and
34.23 per cent of the total deaths. The other major 18.97 per cent respectively. For all the age-groups
cause in this group is “Pneumonia” causing 25.03 of 45 years and above “Diseases of Circulatory
SHU FHQW RI GHDWK XQGHU WRWDO PHGLFDOO\ FHUWLÀHG Systemµ LV WKH ÀUVW OHDGLQJ FDXVH RI GHDWK 7KH
deaths, “Pneumonia” alone accounts for 2.01 per percentage contribution of this cause group for
cent. 45 years and above, to respective age-group totals
The major group comprising “Diseases of have been increasing with age. The percentage
Digestive System” is the sixth leading cause share of this cause group to the total medically
accounting for 6.65 per cent of the total medically FHUWLÀHG GHDWKV IRU WKHVH DJHV YDULHV IURP
812 per cent to 47.65 per cent. The highest number
FHUWLÀHG GHDWKV $PRQJ WKH GHDWKV GXH WR
of deaths (27,508 i.e., 22.32 per cent of total) has External Causes’, ‘Certain Infectious and Parasitic
been reported for the age-group 70 years and Diseases’, ‘Diseases of Respiratory System’ and
above. ‘Diseases of the digestive system’ compared to
FRUUHVSRQGLQJIHPDOHÀJXUHV
Gender-wise: The contributions of male and
IHPDOH GHDWKV LQ WKH WRWDO PHGLFDOO\ FHUWLÀHG Diseases of the Circulatory System: It is
cases has been reported to be 63.72 per cent and the topmost ranking major group of disease,
SHUFHQWUHVSHFWLYHO\7KHUHLVQRVLJQLÀFDQW constituting 30.44 per cent of total medically
difference for both males and females as far as FHUWLÀHGGHDWKV,WDFFRXQWVIRU SHUFHQWRI
eight leading causes are concerned, except for males and 29.63 per cent of female deaths in their
Neoplasm, Endocrine, Nutritional and Metabolic UHVSHFWLYHWRWDOVRIPHGLFDOO\FHUWLÀHGGHDWKV
diseases and Diseases of Digestive System deaths.
Among the neoplasm deaths, ‘Malignant
The percentage of female neoplasm deaths to total
Neoplasm of Digestive Organs’ accounts for the
IHPDOHPHGLFDOO\FHUWLÀHGGHDWKVLV SHUFHQW
highest mortality of 26.47 per cent, followed by
DVFRPSDUHGWRWKHFRUUHVSRQGLQJPDOHÀJXUHRI
‘Malignant of Lymphoid, haematopoietic & other
5.56 per cent. On the contrary, the percentage
related tissue’ (15.32 per cent), ‘Malignant
of female digestive system deaths to total female
Neoplasm of Respiratory Intrathoracic Organs’
PHGLFDOO\ FHUWLÀHG GHDWKV LV MXVW SHU FHQW
(13.77 per cent) and ‘Malignant Neoplasms of
DVFRPSDUHGWRWKHFRUUHVSRQGLQJPDOHÀJXUHRI
Genitor-Urinary Organs’ (12.43 per cent). The
8.24 per cent.
share of deaths due to Malignant Neoplasms of
The eight leading cause groups of deaths Digestive Organs in males, to total male Neoplasm
viz., Diseases of the circulatory system, Injury, deaths is 30.69 per cent as against 20.73 per cent
Poisoning and certain other consequences of of corresponding female deaths. The percentage
external causes , Certain Infectious and Parasitic of female deaths due to ‘Malignant Neoplasm of
Diseases, Certain conditions originating in the Genito urinary organs’ to total female neoplasm
perinatal period, Diseases of the Respiratory deaths is 19.55 per cent as compared to 7.19 per
System, Diseases of the Digestive System, cent of corresponding male deaths. Among deaths
Endocrine, Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases caused by ‘Malignant Neoplasm of Respiratory
and Neoplasm had taken together account for and Intra Thoracic Organs’ about 61 per cent is
DERXWSHUFHQWRIWKHWRWDOPHGLFDOO\FHUWLÀHG GXHWR/XQJ&DQFHULQPDOH/XQJ&DQFHUDORQH
deaths. accounts for around 14.57 per cent of total male
Neoplasm deaths.
Among the leading cause groups, ‘Diseases of
Circulatory System’ constitute the maximum i.e. Diseases of the Genito-Urinary System: Out of
HYHU\KXQGUHGPHGLFDOO\FHUWLÀHGGHDWKVDURXQG
MEDICAL AND PUBLIC
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HEALTH SERVICE
followed by ‘Injury, Poisoning and Certain Other three are reported from ‘Diseases of Genitourinary
Consequences of External Causes’ 11.20 per System’. Renal failure is the cause of maximum
cent, ‘Certain Infectious and Parasitic Diseases’ deaths (68.74 per cent) under the ‘Genitourinary
10.68 per cent and ‘Certain conditions originating System’ disease with the overall share of 2.31 per
in the perinatal period’ constitute 9.33 per cent of FHQWLQWRWDOPHGLFDOO\FHUWLÀHGGHDWKV
WRWDOPHGLFDOO\FHUWLÀHGGHDWKVIROORZHGE\ Diseases of the Nervous System: The cause group
per cent due to ‘Diseases of the Respiratory of Diseases of Nervous System is responsible
System’, IRU SHU FHQW RI WKH WRWDO PHGLFDOO\ FHUWLÀHG
‘Diseases of the Digestive system’, ‘Endocrine, deaths. ‘All other Diseases of the Nervous System’
Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases’ and ‘The accounts for the maximum (36.20 per cent) deaths
Neoplasms’ each constitute around six per cent of reported under this group, followed by ‘Meningitis’
WKHWRWDOPHGLFDOO\FHUWLÀHGGHDWKV,QUHVSHFWRI (26.94 per cent) and ‘Encephalitis Myelitis and
eight leading causes of death the gender difference Encephalomyelitis’ (21.53 per cent). The share of
‘Meningitis·LQWKHWRWDOPHGLFDOO\FHUWLÀHGGHDWKV
LV QRW VLJQLÀFDQW +RZHYHU WKH PHGLFDOO\
is about 0.7 per cent.
FHUWLÀHG PDOH GHDWKV DUH RQ D KLJKHU VLGH LQ
case of ‘Diseases of Circulatory System’, ‘Injury, Diseases of the Blood and Blood Forming Organs 813
Poisoning and Certain Other Consequences of and Certain Disorders involving the Immune
Mechanism: The diseases under this cause group Diseases of the Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue:
have contributed to 1.66 per cent of the total 7KHVHGLVHDVHVDFFRXQWIRUPHGLFDOO\FHUWLÀHG
PHGLFDOO\ FHUWLÀHG GHDWKV 7KLV FDXVH JURXS GHDWKV SHUFHQWRIWKHWRWDOPHGLFDOO\FHUWLÀHG
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
accounts for 1.43 per cent of total male and 2.05 deaths). This cause group accounts for 0.65 per
SHUFHQWRIWRWDOIHPDOHPHGLFDOO\FHUWLÀHGGHDWKV cent of total male and 0.59 per cent of total female
“Other Anaemias” is the major cause constitute PHGLFDOO\ FHUWLÀHG GHDWKV $ERXW SHU FHQW RI
around 81 per cent of total deaths reported in the deaths under the cause group are caused by
the cause group and 1.35 per cent of the total ‘Infections of the Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue’.
PHGLFDOO\FHUWLÀHGGHDWKV
Mental and Behavioural Disorders: The group
Congenital Malformations, Deformations and relating to Mental and Behavioural disorders
Chromosomal Abnormalities: Merely 1805 accounts for 105 deaths (0.09 per cent of total
deaths are reportedly caused by ‘Congenital PHGLFDOO\ FHUWLÀHG GHDWKV 7KH DJH JURXS RI
Malformations, deformations and Chromosomal 25-64 years constitutes around 83 per cent
abnormalities’, constituting about 1.46 per cent of of total deaths due to ‘Mental and Behavioural
WKHWRWDOPHGLFDOO\FHUWLÀHGGHDWKV7KHPDMRULW\ Disorders’. Under this cause group, the deaths
of these deaths occur for age less than one year due to “Schizophrenia, Schizotypal & Delusional
(1098 or 60.83 per cent). Under this cause group, Disorders” constitutes the highest share (42.86
about 57.89 per cent deaths are caused by per cent) of total deaths. The ratio of males to
malformation of various Circulatory System. females was disproportionate in this group (74
males to 31 females).
Symptoms, Signs and Abnormal Clinical &
/DERUDWRU\ )LQGLQJV QRW HOVHZKHUH FODVVLÀHG The least harmful major causes are Diseases
(N.E.C): This leading major cause group of the Ear and Mastoid Process and Diseases of
responsible for 1.34 per cent of the total medically the Eye and Adnexa 1R VLJQLÀFDQW PRUWDOLW\ LV
FHUWLÀHG GHDWKV RI ZKLFK SHU FHQW RI PDOHV reported due to these causes.
and 1.37 per cent of female death. Thus around
The descriptions for all Major Groups of the
HYHU\ WKLUG UHSRUWHG GHDWK LV KDYLQJ QR VSHFLÀF
National list based on ICD-10 are as follows:
cause. The high prevalence of causes of death
being reported under this cause from the Major Cause Groups and Description and ICD
KRVSLWDOV UHSRUWLQJ 0HGLFDO &HUWLÀFDWLRQ RI Codes.
Cause of Death data, clearly suggests about the
I Certain Infectious and Parasitic diseases
GHÀFLHQF\ LQ FODULÀFDWLRQ HVSHFLDOO\ LPSURSHU
(A00-B99)
FODVVLÀFDWLRQRIFDXVHVRIGHDWKVE\WKHDWWHQGLQJ
doctors. As depicted in the Statement-28. “All II Neoplasms (C00-D48)
other Symptoms, Signs and Abnormal Clinical and III Diseases of the blood and blood forming
/DERUDWRU\ )LQGLQJV 1RW (OVHZKHUH &ODVVLÀHG” organs and certain disorders involving the
accounted for 0.95 per cent of the total deaths in immune mechanism (D50-D89)
this group. IV Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic
diseases (E00-E89)
Complications of Pregnancy, Childbirth and
the Puerperium : The group consisting of V Mental and behavioural disorders
‘Complications of Pregnancy, Childbirth and the (F01-F99)
Puerperium’ has reportedly caused 841 deaths VI Diseases of the nervous system (G00-G98)
(1.89 per cent of the total female medically VII Diseases of the eye and Adnexa (H00-H59)
FHUWLÀHG GHDWKV $V KLJK DV SHU FHQW RI
VIII Diseases of the ear and mastoid process
deaths under this cause group have been due
(H60-H95)
to obstetric causes like ‘Oedema, Proteinura,
IX Diseases of the circulatory system (I00-I99)
Hypertensive Disorders, Complications Pre-
dominantly Related to the Puerperium’ and some X Diseases of the respiratory system
other related complications. The remaining 4.40 (J00-J98)
per cent deaths in this cause group are due to XI Diseases of the digestive system (K00-K92)
abortive outcome of Pregnancy such as Medical XII Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous
814
and Spontaneous Abortions. WLVVXH // 8)
XIII Diseases of the musculoskeletal system Director of Health and Family Welfare Services.
and connective tissue (M00-M99) Commissioner is the administrative head and
XIV Diseases of the genitourinary system Director is the technical head. National Rural
(N00-N99) Health Mission (NRHM) is headed by a Mission
Director (NRHM). Karnataka Health System
XV Pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium
Development and Reforms Project (KHSDRP) is
(O00-O99)
headed by the Project Administrator. Karnataka
XVI Certain conditions originating in the State AIDS Prevention Society is headed by
perinatal period (P00-P96) SURMHFW$GPLQLVWUDWRU7KHVHRIÀFHUVDUHDVVLVWHG
XVII Congenital malformations, deformation by Additional Directors, Joint Directors, Deputy
and chromosomal abnormalities (Q00-Q99) Directors and Demographer in implementing
XVIII Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and monitoring health programmes. Chief
$GPLQLVWUDWLYH2IÀFHUDQG&KLHI$FFRXQWV2IÀFHUV
DQGODERUDWRU\ÀQGLQJVQHF 55
cum Financial Advisor assist in administrative
XIX Injury, poisoning and certain other
DQG ÀQDQFLDO PDWWHUV RI WKH 'HSDUWPHQW $W WKH
consequences of external causes (S00-T98) District level, District Health and Family Welfare
XX External causes of morbidity and mortality 2IÀFHU LV WKH KHDG RI 3XEOLF +HDOWK 6HUYLFHV
(V01-Y89) Implementation and monitoring of various
;;, )DFWRUV LQÁXHQFLQJ KHDOWK VWDWXV DQG National and State Health Programmes in all
contact with health services (Z00-Z99) below 100 beds health care service institutions
which are under Zilla Panchayath Sector are
* Not in use in India.
done by the District Health and Family Welfare
Directorate of Health and Family Welfare 2IÀFHU +H LV DVVLVWHG E\ 'LVWULFW 3URJUDPPH
Services 0DQDJHPHQW 2IÀFHU 'LVWULFW 7% 2IÀFHU 'LVWULFW
The Department of Health and Family Welfare 0DODULD 2IÀFHU 'LVWULFW )DPLO\ :HOIDUH 2IÀFHU
Services implements various National and State 'LVWULFW6XUYHLOODQFH2IÀFHUDQG'LVWULFW/HSURV\
Health programs of Public Health importance to 2IÀFHU ZKR DOVR RYHUVHHV %OLQGQHVV &RQWURO
provide comprehensive Health Care Services to Programme). Above 100 beds healthcare services
the people of the State through various Health institutions are under state sector.
and Medical Institutions. The District Surgeons of District Hospitals are
Health Care Services provided through various responsible for providing curative, emergency
Projects, Programmes and Services: a) Rural and promotive services including referral
services. Presently 21 District Hospitals are
Health component of the Minimum Needs
under the control of Health and Family Welfare
Programme, b) Curative Services, c) National
MEDICAL AND PUBLIC
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5XUDO+HDOWK0LVVLRQ 15+0 G 1DWLRQDO/HSURV\
positioned at Taluk headquarters. They are
Eradication Programme, e) Revised National
the implementing authorities of Public Health,
Tuberculosis Control Programme, f) National
National and State Health Programs in their
Programme for Control of Blindness, g) National
respective Taluks. The 0HGLFDO2IÀFHUVRI+HDOWK
Vector Borne Control Programme (NVBDCP), h)
DW 3ULPDU\ +HDOWK &HQWUH /HYHO DUH UHVSRQVLEOH
National Guinea Worm Eradication Programme, i)
for the implementation of various National and
Prevention and control of Communicable Diseases
State Health Programs including Family Welfare
like Diarrhoea, Kyasanur Forest Diseases, etc., j)
Programme and MCH Services. To provide Primary
Health Education, Training and School Health
Health Care throughout the State, a network of
Services, k) Nutritional Services, l) National
8,871 Sub Centres, 2,346 Primary Health Centres,
,RGLQH 'HÀFLHQF\ 'LVRUGHU &RQWURO 3URJUDPPH
188 Community Health Centres and 146 Taluk
P /DERUDWRU\ 6HUYLFHV Q .DUQDWDND +HDOWK
Hospitals have been provided.
Systems Development and Reforms Project and o)
AIDS Prevention Programmes Karnataka is one of the pioneer States in the
Country in providing comprehensive Public
Administration and Direction
Health Services to its people. Even before the
The Department is headed by the Commissioner 815
concept of Primary Health Centres was conceived
of Health and Family Welfare Services and the
by the Government of India, the State had already mode for example Reproductive and Child Health
made a beginning in this regard by establishing 3URJUDPPH 5&+ .6$36/HSURV\7XEHUFXORVLV
a number of primary health centres for providing 'UXJ/RJLVWLFVDQG15+0
KARNATAKA
HAND BOOK OF
comprehensive health care delivery system
Health Infrastructure: Primary Healthcare:
consisting of “Curative”, “Preventive”, “Promotive”
3ULPDU\ KHDOWKFDUH GHQRWHV WKH ÀUVW OHYHO RI
and “Rehabilitative services” in health care to the
contact between individuals and families with the
people of the State. The department is rendering
health system. Primary Healthcare is provided
the following services through its network of
through a network of Sub centres and Primary
Medical and Health institutions in the State:
Health Centres in rural areas. The Sub centre
1). Common Minimum Needs Programme, 2) consists of one Auxiliary Nurse Midwife and Male
Curative Services, 3) Reproductive and Child Health worker and serves a population of 5,000 in
Health Programme, 4) Prevention and control plains and 3,000 persons in hilly and tribal areas.
RI FRPPXQLFDEOH GLVHDVHV 1DWLRQDO /HSURV\ The Primary Health Centre (PHC), staffed by
Control Programme, National AIDS control 0HGLFDO2IÀFHUDQGRWKHUSDUDPHGLFDOVWDIIVHUYHV
programme, Revised National Tuberculosis every 30,000 population in the plains and 20,000
control programme, National Guinea worm persons in hilly, tribal and backward areas.
eradication programme and National programme
Secondary Health Care: Secondary Healthcare
for control of blindness, 5) National Vector
refers to a second tier of health system, in which
Borne Disease Control Programme including
patients from primary health care are referred to
National Anti-Malaria Programme, National
specialists in higher hospitals for treatment. The
Filaria Control Programme, Anti JE programme
health centres for secondary health care include
DQG 'HQJXH &RQWURO 3URJUDPPH /DERUDWRU\
District hospitals and Community Health Centre
Services, 7) Implementation of Food Adulteration,
(CHC) at block level.
8) Environmental Sanitation, 9) Vital Statistics,
10) National Services, 11) Health Education and Tertiary Health Care: Tertiary Health care
School Health Services, 12) Training programmes, refers to a third level of health system, in which
13) EMRI (Arogya Kavacha), 14) Public Private specialized consultative care is provided usually
Partnership programme, 15) Mobile Health Units, on referral from primary and secondary medical
16) Madilu, 17) Prasuthi Aaraike etc. care. Specialized Intensive Care Units, advanced
diagnostic support services and specialized
Society Mode of implementation of programmes:
medical personnel on the key features of tertiary
With a view to cut down bureaucratic procedures,
health care. Under public health system, tertiary
reduce delays, relax rules and regulations, better
care service is provided by medical colleges and
and speedy implementations of programmes, and
advanced medical research institutes.
EULQJLQWUDQVSDUHQF\DQGÁH[LELOLW\VRFLHWDOPRGH
of implementation has been unique in Karnataka Primary Health Care is one of the items under
State. This mode started under DANIDA in 1980s the restructured 20 point programme. The State
till date the National Programme for Control of is following the National Pattern of three tiers
Blindness, improved many folds at each district Health Infrastructure in rendering Primary Health
levels in the form of District Blindness Control Care by establishing health institutions viz., Sub
Society. Given the great success of this, many more centre, Primary Health Centres and Community
programmes later on started implementing in this Health Centres.
Table:11.3 Health & Family welfare Services
Taluk, District, Autonomous & Teaching, Other Hospitals as 31.3.2017 (In No’s)
Other hos- Autonomous
Taluk HQ District hos- Others
Sl. pitals under & teaching Total
hospitals pitals (CHCs)
no Districts HFW hospitals
No’s Beds No’s Beds No’s Beds No’s Beds No’s Beds No’s Beds
1 Bengaluru 3 300 - - 6 1475 14 6154 5 220 28 8149
816 2 Bengaluru (R) 4 400 - - - - - - 2 60 6 460
3 Ramanagara 3 300 1 100 - - - - 4 120 8 520
4 Chitradurga 5 500 1 450 - - - - 11 330 17 1280
5 Davanagere 5 500 1 1030 - - - - 6 180 12 1710
6 Kolar 4 400 1 400 2 305 - - 2 60 9 1165
7 Chikkaballapura 5 510 1 100 - - - - 2 60 8 670
8 Shivamogga 6 650 - - - - 1 950 7 210 14 1810
9 Tumakuru 9 900 1 400 - - - - 4 120 14 1420
10 Chikkamagaluru 6 600 1 400 - - - - 5 170 12 1170
Dakshina Kan-
11 4 400 1 965 1 100 - - 8 240 14 1705
nada
12 Udupi 2 200 1 350 - - - - 6 180 9 730
13 Hassan 7 950 - - - - 1 750 15 450 23 2150
14 Kodagu 2 360 1 410 - - 1 410 7 290 11 1470
15 Mandya 6 600 - - - - 1 650 10 300 17 1550
16 Mysuru 6 600 - - 1 50 3 1940 10 300 20 2890
17 Chamarajanagar 3 350 1 250 - - 1 300 3 90 8 990
18 Belagavi 9 900 - - - - 1 740 16 500 26 2140
19 Vijayapura 4 400 1 400 - - - - 9 270 14 1070
20 Bagalkot 5 500 1 300 - - - - 8 260 14 1060
21 Dharwad 3 300 1 250 - - 2 1412 - - 6 1962
MEDICAL AND PUBLIC
22 Gadag 4 400 1 304 - - 1 300 2 60 8 1064
HEALTH SERVICE
23 Haveri 6 600 1 250 - - - - 5 150 12 1000
24 Uttara Kannada 10 1000 1 400 - - 1 300 3 110 15 1810
25 Ballari 6 600 1 300 1 288 1 1017 11 350 20 2555
26 Bidar 4 400 - - - - 1 500 8 240 13 1140
27 Kalaburagi 6 600 1 750 - - 1 450 16 480 24 2280
28 Yadgir 2 200 1 100 - - - - 6 180 9 480
29 Raichur 4 400 - - - - 2 870 6 180 12 1450
30 Koppal 3 300 1 250 - - 1 300 9 270 14 1120
STATE 146 15120 21 8159 11 2218 33 17043 206 6430 417 48970
817
Source: Karnataka at a Glance:2016-17
Table No:11.4 No of Hospitals, Doctors & Beds as on 31.3.2017 (In nos )
No. of Hospitals
Sl. No. of Govt. No. of Beds in Govt Medical Blood
KARNATAKA
Private
HAND BOOK OF
Districts
No. Doctors Hospitals Shops Banks
GOVT Total
Nursing Home/
Hospitals
1 Bengaluru 149 700 849 314 9336 10213 64
2 Bengaluru (R) 55 43 98 97 794 437 4
3 Ramanagara 73 28 101 115 982 253 1
4 Chitradurga 108 53 161 161 1802 496 4
5 Davanagere 114 94 208 187 2404 789 6
6 Kolar 77 82 159 132 1577 579 5
7 Chikkaballapura 64 42 106 126 1097 471 1
8 Shivamogga 117 96 213 181 2640 870 8
9 Tumakuru 160 117 277 294 2366 1108 7
10 Chikkamagaluru 101 35 136 149 1876 336 3
11 Dakshina Kannada 93 118 211 140 2148 991 14
12 Udupi 73 51 124 106 1140 518 3
13 Hassan 157 49 206 240 3203 515 3
14 Kodagu 41 16 57 76 1716 181 1
15 Mandya 131 42 173 206 2543 585 3
16 Mysuru 175 1582 1757 233 4231 1526 13
17 Chamarajanagar 72 21 93 108 1456 191 2
18 Belagavi 175 402 577 248 3078 2130 7
19 Vijayapura 86 159 245 122 1526 1097 6
20 Bagalkot 62 199 261 103 1442 830 7
21 Dharwad 48 179 227 87 2205 1549 11
22 Gadag 51 50 101 67 1338 343 2
23 Haveri 82 73 155 150 1434 663 1
24 Uttara Kannada 96 76 172 197 2352 316 5
25 Ballari 92 514 606 164 3222 1315 4
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