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PROVINCIAL EXAMINATION
2023
NOVEMBER 2023
GRADE 11

PHYSICAL SCIENCES: CHEMISTRY

PAPER 2

TIME: 3 hours

MARKS: 150

11 pages + 4 data sheets

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INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION

1. Write your name in the appropriate space in the ANSWER BOOK.

2. This question paper consists of NINE questions. Answer ALL questions in the
ANSWER BOOK.

3. Start EACH question on a NEW page in the ANSWER BOOK.

4. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this
question paper.

5. Leave ONE line between two subquestions, for example between

QUESTION 2.1 and QUESTION 2.2.

6. You may use a non-programmable calculator.

7. You may use appropriate mathematical instruments.

8. You are advised to use the attached DATA SHEETS.

9. Show ALL formulae and substitutions in ALL calculations.

10. Round off your FINAL numerical answers to a minimum of TWO decimal places.

11. Give brief motivations, discussions, etc. where required.

12. Write neatly and legibly.

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QUESTION 1: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS

Four options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Each
question has only ONE correct answer. Write only the letter (A – D) next to the
question number (1.1 to 1.10) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example 1.11D.

1.1 Which of the bonds between the atoms below has the highest polarity?

A H–N
B H - Cℓ
C H–O
D H–C (2)

1.2 The graph below shows how the potential energy varies with distance
between the nuclei of two oxygen atoms when a double bond between the
oxygen atoms (O = O) is formed.
Potential energy (kJ.mol-1)

Distance between
nuclei (pm)

Choose from the table below, the bond length and bond energy for O = O.

BOND LENGTH (pm) BOND ENERGY (kJ∙mol-1)

A 110 – 138
B 120 – 495
C 130 – 138
D 140 – 495 (2)

1.3 Consider the following statements: Which of the following is/are TRUE?

(i) Most elements consist of atoms.

(ii) Some elements consist of molecules.
(iii) All compounds consist of molecules.
(iv) Salt crystals are ionic compounds.

A Only (i)
B (i), (ii) and (iii)
C (ii) en (iv)
D (i), (ii) en (iv) (2)
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1.4 Intermolecular forces influence some physical properties of materials like surface
tension. Which of the following statements is correct?

A The stronger the intermolecular force, the higher the surface tension.
B The stronger the intermolecular force, the higher the rate of evaporation.
C The stronger the intermolecular force, the lower the melting point.
D The weaker the intermolecular force, the higher the boiling point. (2)

1.5 Determine what the new pressure in kPa will be if 750 ml nitrogen gas in the
atmosphere is compressed to 500 ml, keeping the temperature constant?

A 2,70 x 10 -4 kPa
B 67,53 kPa
C 151,95 kPa
D 1,5 atm (2)

1.6 Hydrogen gas is a real gas that reacts like an ideal gas in the following situation:

A There are no attractive or repulsive forces between the molecules at high

temperatures.
B The collisions between the molecules are perfectly elastic.
C There is no movement of the molecules at zero Kelvin.
D It forms a liquid at high pressures. (2)

1.7 A standard solution ...

A contains one mole of solute per dm3.

B must always be made up to 1 dm3.
C is a solution of which the concentration is precisely known.
D is a solution made up of oxalic acid. (2)

1.8 Which of the following is NOT a conjugate acid-base pair?

A HCℓ and Cℓ-

B HCO3- and H2CO3
C HSO−4 and H2SO4
D OH- and H3O+

1.9 Instant hot and cold packs function by dissolving a salt into water. As the salt
dissociates, heat is either released in an exothermic reaction or absorbed in an
endothermic reaction. Which of the following reactions will be best suited to be
used as a hot pack?

A CH3COOMg + 4 H2O → CH3COOMg.4H2O ∆H = -13,3 kJ.mol-1

B CH3COONa + 3 H2O → CH3COONa.3H2O ∆H = -19,7 kJ.mol-1
C Ba(OH)2 + H2O → Ba 2+ + 2OH - + H2O ∆H = + 21,9 kJ.mol-1
D NH4NO3 + H2O NH4 + + NO3 - + H2O ∆H = +25,4 kJ.mol-1 (2)
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1.10 Consider the reaction: Pb(s) + Cu2+(aq) Pb2+(aq) + Cu(s)

The oxidised product is ...

A Pb.
B Pb2+.
C Cu.
D Cu2+. (2)
[20]

QUESTION 2 (Start on a new page.)

Calcium carbonate is a dietary supplement used when the intake of calcium through the
diet is not enough. The body requires calcium to maintain healthy bones, muscles,
nervous system and heart. Calcium carbonate can also be used as an antacid to relieve
heartburn. Calcium carbonate can be produced with the following reaction:

CaO + CO2 CaCO3

2.1 Draw a Lewis diagram for:

2.1.1 CO2 (2)

2.1.2 Ca2+ (2)

2.2 Define a covalent bond. (2)

2.3 Identify the metal in the above reaction. (1)

2.4 Explain a metallic bond. (2)

2.5 Which of the two reactants in this reaction would most likely be:

2.5.1 A gas at room temperature? (1)

2.5.2 A solid at room temperature? (1)

2.6 Define electronegativity. (2)

2.7 Use electronegativity to determine the type of bonds that will form in CaO. (2)

2.8 Will CO2 be a polar or non-polar molecule? (1)

2.9 Explain the answer to QUESTION 2.8 by using a calculation and referring to the
shape of the molecule. (2)
[18]
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QUESTION 3 (Start on a new page.)

The physical properties of matter, such as vapour pressure, melting or boiling points,
depend on intermolecular forces.

3.1 Define the term boiling point. (2)

3.2 Group 17 on the periodic table forms diatomic molecules, e.g. F2 and Cℓ2.

3.2.1 What type of intermolecular forces will there be between the molecules?
(1)

3.2.2 Which ONE of the following halogens will have the highest boiling point?
Cℓ2 or I2. (1)

3.2.3 Explain your answer to QUESTION 3.2.2. (3)

3.3 Study the following substances:

HCℓ, Cℓ2, NH3, CO2, CaCℓ2

Which of the above will have:

3.3.1 Hydrogen bonds? (1)

3.3.2 Dipole-dipole forces? (1)

[9]
QUESTION 4 (Start on a new page.)

Learners conducted an investigation to determine the relationship between the pressure

and volume of a given mass of O2 gas, while keeping the temperature constant.

Volume scale

Air
Glass tube

Pressure gauge

Oil foot pump

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They made the sketch graph below, to show their results:

4.1. Write a suitable investigative question for this investigation. (2)

4.2. Write down the:

4.2.1 Independent variable (1)

4.2.2 Controlled variable (1)

4.3 Name and state the law that is being investigated here. (3)

4.4 Calculate the value of X using other values given on the graph. (3)

4.5 Like all real gases, this gas will liquify at very low temperatures. Explain why this
happens. (2)

4.6 If this experiment was conducted at a room temperature of 25 ˚C, calculate the
amount of mole of O2(g) at a pressure of 200kPa. (4)

A sealed glass tube with 20 cm3 of nitrogen gas is heated.

4.7 Define temperature. (2)

4.8 Use the kinetic theory to describe how the above change will influence the
pressure experienced by the 20 cm3 N2(g). (3)
[21]

QUESTION 5 (Start on a new page.)

5.1. Aspirin is known by the chemical name acetylsalicylic acid. The empirical formula
of aspirin consists of 60,0% carbon and 4,44% hydrogen and oxygen.

5.1.1 Define the term empirical formula. (2)

5.1.2 Determine the empirical formula of aspirin. (6)

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5.1.3 If the molecular mass of aspirin is 180 g.mol-1, what is its

molecular formula? (2)

5.2 The molar mass of hydrated sodium carbonate is found to be 268 g∙mol -1. The
formula of the hydrated sodium carbonate is Na2CO3.xH2O.
Calculate the number of moles of water (x) in the compound. (4)
[14]

QUESTION 6 (Start on a new page.)

6.1 If a solution of silver nitrate (AgNO3) is mixed with solution of potassium chloride
(KCℓ), a precipitate of AgCℓ is produced according to the following reaction:

KCℓ(aq) + AgNO3(aq) → AgCℓ(s) + KNO3(aq)

55 cm3 of a potassium chloride solution with a concentration of 0,25 mol.dm -3 is

added to 70 cm3 of a silver nitrate solution with a concentration of
0,15 mol.dm-3.

6.1.1 What is meant by limiting reagent? (2)

6.1.2 Determine which substance is the limiting reagent. (5)

6.1.3 What mass of AgCl has precipitated? (4)

6.2 Mary heats 50 g of CaCO3 that reacts according to the following reaction:

CaCO3 → CaO + CO2

She collects the formed CO2 gas.

6.2.1 Determine the number of moles of the CaCO3. (3)

6.2.2 She obtains only 18,2 g CO2 gas. Determine the percentage purity of the
CaCO3. (5)

6.2.3 Calculate the mass of CO2 gas that Mary could collect if CaCO3 was only
70% pure. (5)
[24]

QUESTION 7 (Start on a new page.)

7.1 Sulphuric acid is a strong acid and an example of a diprotic acid.

7.1.1 Define an acid in terms of the Lowry-Brønsted theory. (2)

7.1.2 Give a reason why sulphuric acid is referred to as a diprotic acid. (2)
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HSO−
4 can behave either as an acid or a base.

7.1.3 Write down ONE word for the underlined phrase in the above sentence. (1)

7.2 A learner uses a standard solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate to determine

the concentration of a sulphuric acid solution.

7.2.1 What is meant by a “standard solution”? (2)

7.2.2 Write down the balanced equation for the reaction of sulphuric acid with
water. (3)

7.3 In a titration, the learner finds that 20 cm3 of a 0,2 mol.dm-3 solution of sodium
hydrogen carbonate neutralises 12 cm3 of the sulphuric acid solution. The
balanced equation for this reaction is:

2NaHCO3 + H2SO4→ Na2SO4 + 2CO2 + 2H2O

7.3.1 Calculate the concentration of the H2SO4 solution. (5)

7.3.2 Which of the indicators listed below should be used in this titration?
Briefly explain your answer.

Indicator pH range in which the colour changes

Methyl orange 3,1 – 4,4
Bromothymol blue 6,0 – 7,6
Phenolphthalein 8,3 – 10,0
(3)
[18]
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QUESTION 8 (Start on a new page.)

Certain chemical reactions are often used to reduce swelling after an athletic injury.
In a lab experiment the following reaction was tested and the sketch graph below was
obtained.

NH4Cℓ + H2O → NH4 + + Cℓ - + H2O

Course of the reaction

8.1 Is this an exothermic or endothermic reaction? (1)

8.2. Explain the answer to QUESTION 8.1. (2)

8.3. State the enthalpy of this reaction. (2)

8.4 Which number on the graph represents the enthalpy for the reverse reaction? (1)

8.5 Define activation energy. (2)

8.6 Give the number on the graph that represents the activated complex. (1)

8.7 Explain how a catalyst would affect the activation energy in the reaction. (2)

8.8 Redraw the sketch graph on you answer sheet and use a dotted line to indicate
the changes after adding a catalyst. (2)
[13]
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QUESTION 9 (Start on a new page.)

9.1 Oxidation numbers make it easier to determine whether an element or a

substance is oxidised or reduced during a chemical reaction.

9.1.1 Define oxidation in terms of oxidation numbers. (2)

9.1.2 Calculate the oxidation number of chromium in Cr2O72−. (2)

9.2 Consider the UNBALANCED equation below:

Fe2+(aq) + Cℓ2(g) → Fe3+(aq) + Cℓ-

9.2.1 Give a reason why the reaction above is a redox reaction. (1)

9.2.2 Identify the FORMULA of the reducing agent. Explain the answer in
terms of the oxidation number. (2)

9.2.3 Write down the reduction half-reaction. (2)

9.2.4 Write down the balanced net redox reaction. (4)

[13]

TOTAL: 150
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DATA FOR PHYSICAL SCIENCES GRADE 11

PAPER 2 (CHEMISTRY)

GEGEWENS VIR FISIESE WETENSKAPPE GRAAD 11

VRAESTEL 2 (CHEMIE)

TABLE 1: PHYSICAL CONSTANTS/TABEL 1: FISIESE KONSTANTES

NAME/NAAM SYMBOL/SIMBOOL VALUE/WAARDE

Avogadro's constant
NA 6,02 x 1023 mol-1
Avogadro se konstante
Molar gas constant
R 8,31 J∙K-1∙mol-1
Molêre gaskonstante
Standard pressure
p 1,013 x 105 Pa
Standaarddruk
Molar gas volume at STP
Vm 22,4 dm3∙mol-1
Molêre gasvolume by STD
Standard temperature
T 273 K
Standaardtemperatuur

TABLE 2: FORMULAE/TABEL 2: FORMULES

p1V1 p 2 V2
= pV = nRT
T1 T2
m N
n= n=
M NA
V n m
n= c= OR/OF c=
Vm V MV
ca Va n 𝑄 Q
= na n= or/of n =
cb Vb b 𝑒 𝑞𝑒
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TABLE 3: THE PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS/TABEL 3: DIE PERIODIEKE TABEL VAN ELEMENTE

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
(I) (II) (III) (IV) (V) (VI) (VII) (VIII)
Atomic number/
1 KEY/SLEUTEL Atoomgetal 2
2,1

H He
1 4
29
3 4 Electronegativity/ Symbol/ 5 6 7 8 9 10

1,9
Li Be Cu B C N O F Ne
1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

3,5

4,0
Elektronegatiwiteit Simbool
7 9 11 12 14 16 19 20
63,5
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Na Mg Aℓ Si P S Cℓ Ar
0,9

1,2

1,5

1,8

2,1

2,5

3,0
23 24
Approximate relative atomic mass/ 27 28 31 32 35,5 40
Benaderde relatiewe atoommassa
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
0,8

1,0

1,3

1,5

1,6

1,6

1,5

1,8

1,8

1,8

1,9

1,6

1,6

1,8

2,0

2,4

2,8
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 63,5 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
0,8

1,0

1,2

1,4

1,8

1,9

2,2

2,2

2,2

1,9

1,7

1,7

1,8

1,9

2,1

2,5
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
86 88 89 91 92 96 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tℓ Pb Bi Po At Rn
0,7

0,9

1,6

1,8

1,8

1,9

2,0

2,5
133 137 139 179 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209

87 88 89
0,7

0,9

Fr Ra Ac 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
226 Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
140 141 144 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175
90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
232 238
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TABLE 4A: STANDARD REDUCTION POTENTIALS

TABEL 4A: STANDAARD REDUKSIEPOTENSIALE
Half-reactions/Halfreaksies E (V)
F2(g) + 2e− ⇌ 2F− + 2,87
3+
Co + e −
⇌ Co2+ + 1,81
H2O2 + 2H+ +2e− ⇌ 2H2O +1,77
−
MnO 4 + 8H+ + 5e− ⇌ Mn2+ + 4H2O + 1,51
Cℓ2(g) + 2e− ⇌ 2Cℓ− + 1,36
2−
Cr2O 7 + 14H+ + 6e− ⇌ 3+
2Cr + 7H2O + 1,33
+
O2(g) + 4H + 4e − ⇌ 2H2O + 1,23
MnO2 + 4H+ + 2e− ⇌ Mn2+ + 2H2O + 1,23
Pt2+ + 2e− ⇌ Pt + 1,20
Br2(ℓ) + 2e− ⇌ 2Br− + 1,07
−
NO 3 + 4H+ + 3e− ⇌ NO(g) + 2H2O + 0,96

Increasing reducing ability/Toenemende reduserende vermoë

2+
Hg + 2e − ⇌ Hg(ℓ) + 0,85
Ag+ + e− ⇌ Ag + 0,80
Increasing oxidising ability/Toenemende oksiderende vermoë

−
NO 3 + 2H+ + e− ⇌ NO2(g) + H2O + 0,80
Fe3+ + e− ⇌ Fe2+ + 0,77
O2(g) + 2H+ + 2e− ⇌ H2O2 + 0,68
I2 + 2e− ⇌ 2I− + 0,54
+
Cu + e − ⇌ Cu + 0,52
+
SO2 + 4H + 4e − ⇌ S + 2H2O + 0,45
2H2O + O2 + 4e− ⇌ 4OH− + 0,40
Cu2+ + 2e− ⇌ Cu + 0,34
2−
SO 4 + 4H+ + 2e− ⇌ SO2(g) + 2H2O + 0,17
2+
Cu + e −
⇌ Cu +
+ 0,16
Sn4+ + 2e− ⇌ Sn2+ + 0,15
S + 2H+ + 2e− ⇌ H2S(g) + 0,14
2H+ + 2e− ⇌ H2(g) 0,00
Fe3+ + 3e− ⇌ Fe − 0,06
Pb2+ + 2e− ⇌ Pb − 0,13
Sn2+ + 2e− ⇌ Sn − 0,14
Ni2+ + 2e− ⇌ Ni − 0,27
Co2+ + 2e− ⇌ Co − 0,28
Cd2+ + 2e− ⇌ Cd − 0,40
Cr3+ + e− ⇌ Cr2+ − 0,41
2+
Fe + 2e −
⇌ Fe − 0,44
Cr3+ + 3e− ⇌ Cr − 0,74
Zn2+ + 2e− ⇌ Zn − 0,76
2H2O + 2e− ⇌ H2(g) + 2OH− − 0,83
Cr2+ + 2e− ⇌ Cr − 0,91
Mn2+ + 2e− ⇌ Mn − 1,18
Aℓ3+ + 3e− ⇌ Aℓ − 1,66
Mg2+ + 2e− ⇌ Mg − 2,36
Na+ + e− ⇌ Na − 2,71
Ca2+ + 2e− ⇌ Ca − 2,87
Sr2+ + 2e− ⇌ Sr − 2,89
Ba2+ + 2e− ⇌ Ba − 2,90
Cs+ + e- ⇌ Cs – 2,92
K+ + e− ⇌ K − 2,93
+
Li + e −
⇌ Li − 3,05
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TABLE 4B: STANDARD REDUCTION POTENTIALS
TABEL 4B: STANDAARD REDUKSIEPOTENSIALE

Half-reactions/Halfreaksies E (V)
Li+ + e− ⇌ − 3,05

Increasing reducing ability/Toenemende reduserende vermoë

Li
Increasing oxidising ability/Toenemende oksiderende vermoë

K+ + e− ⇌ K − 2,93
Cs+ + e− ⇌ Cs − 2,92
Ba2+ + 2e− ⇌ Ba − 2,90
Sr2+ + 2e− ⇌ Sr − 2,89
Ca2+ + 2e− ⇌ Ca − 2,87
Na+ + e− ⇌ Na − 2,71
Mg2+ + 2e− ⇌ Mg − 2,36
Aℓ3+ + 3e− ⇌ Aℓ − 1,66
Mn2+ + 2e− ⇌ Mn − 1,18
Cr2+ + 2e− ⇌ Cr − 0,91
2H2O + 2e − ⇌ H2(g) + 2OH −
− 0,83
Zn2+ + 2e− ⇌ Zn − 0,76
Cr3+ + 3e− ⇌ Cr − 0,74
Fe2+ + 2e− ⇌ Fe − 0,44
Cr3+ + e− ⇌ Cr2+ − 0,41
Cd2+ + 2e− ⇌ Cd − 0,40
Co2+ + 2e− ⇌ Co − 0,28
Ni2+ + 2e− ⇌ Ni − 0,27
Sn2+ + 2e− ⇌ Sn − 0,14
Pb2+ + 2e− ⇌ Pb − 0,13
Fe3+ + 3e− ⇌ Fe − 0,06
2H+ + 2e− ⇌ H2(g) 0,00
S + 2H+ + 2e− ⇌ H2S(g) + 0,14
Sn4+ + 2e− ⇌ Sn2+ + 0,15
2+
Cu + e − ⇌ Cu +
+ 0,16
2−
SO 4 + 4H+ + 2e− ⇌ SO2(g) + 2H2O + 0,17
2+
Cu + 2e −
⇌ Cu + 0,34
2H2O + O2 + 4e − ⇌ 4OH −
+ 0,40
SO2 + 4H+ + 4e− ⇌ S + 2H2O + 0,45
Cu+ + e− ⇌ Cu + 0,52
I2 + 2e− ⇌ 2I− + 0,54
O2(g) + 2H+ + 2e− ⇌ H2O2 + 0,68
Fe3+ + e− ⇌ Fe2+ + 0,77
−
NO 3 + 2H+ + e− ⇌ NO2(g) + H2O + 0,80
+
Ag + e − ⇌ Ag + 0,80
Hg2+ + 2e− ⇌ Hg(ℓ) + 0,85
−
NO 3 + 4H+ + 3e− ⇌ NO(g) + 2H2O + 0,96
Br2(ℓ) + 2e − ⇌ 2Br −
+ 1,07
Pt2+ + 2 e− ⇌ Pt + 1,20
MnO2 + 4H+ + 2e− ⇌ Mn2+ + 2H2O + 1,23
O2(g) + 4H+ + 4e− ⇌ 2H2O + 1,23
2−
Cr2O 7 + 14H+ + 6e− ⇌ 3+
2Cr + 7H2O + 1,33

Cℓ2(g) + 2e − ⇌ 2Cℓ −
+ 1,36
−
MnO 4 + 8H+ + 5e− ⇌ 2+
Mn + 4H2O + 1,51
+
H2O2 + 2H +2 e − ⇌ 2H2O +1,77
Co3+ + e− ⇌ Co2+ + 1,81
F2(g) + 2e− ⇌ 2F− + 2,87
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PROVINCIAL EXAMINATION/
PROVINSIALE EKSAMEN
NOVEMBER 2023
GRADE/GRAAD 11
MARKING
GUIDELINES/NASIENRIGLYNE

PHYSICAL SCIENCES: CHEMISTRY/

FISIESE WETENSKAPPE: CHEMIE

PAPER/VRAESTEL 2

9 pages/bladsye
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QUESTION/VRAAG1

1.1 C ✓✓ (2)

1.2 B ✓✓ (2)

1.3 D ✓✓ (2)

1.4 A ✓✓ (2)

1.5 C ✓✓ (2)

1.6 A ✓✓ (2)

1.7 C ✓✓ (2)

1.8 D ✓✓ (2)

1.9 B ✓✓ (2)

1.10 B ✓✓ (2)
[20]

QUESTION/VRAAG 2
2.1 2.1.1.

✓✓ (2)

2.1.2.

✓✓ Without brackets only 1 mark/

(2)
✓✓ Sonder hakies slegs 1 punt

2.2. A covalent bond is a bond in which electron pairs are shared between the two
atoms to form a molecule. ✓✓
ʼn Kovalente binding is ʼn binding waar elektronpare gedeel word tussen twee
atome om ʼn molekule te vorm. ✓✓ (2)

2.3 Calcium/Ca ✓
Kalsium/Ca ✓ (1)

2.4 The bond between positive ions and delocalised valence electrons in a
metal. ✓✓
ʼn Binding tussen positiewe ione en gedelokaliseerde elektrone in ʼn metaal.✓✓ (2)
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2.5 2.5.1 CO2/carbon dioxide ✓

CO2/koolstofdioksied ✓ (1)

2.5.2 CaO ✓ (1)

2.6 Electronegativity is a measure of the tendency of an atom in a molecule to

attract bonding electrons. ✓✓
Elektronegatiwiteit is die maatstaf van die neiging van ʼn atoom in ʼn molekuul
om bindingselektrone aan te trek. ✓✓ (2)

2.7 ΔEN = 3,5 – 1 = 2,5 ✓

∴ Ionic bond ✓/Ioniese binding✓ (2)

2.8 Non-polar molecule ✓/Nie-polêre molekule ✓ (1)

2.9 ΔEN = 3.5 – 2,5 = 1,0

∴ polar bond ✓/
∴ polêre binding ✓
But shape is symmetrical thus the molecule is polar ✓/Maar die vorm is
simmetries en dus is die molekule polêr. ✓ (2)
[18]

QUESTION/VRAAG 3
3.1 The temperature at which the vapour pressure of a substance equals
atmospheric pressure. ✓✓
Die temperatuur waarby die dampdruk van ʼn stof gelyk is aan die atmosferiese
druk. ✓✓ (2)

3.2 3.2.1 London/dispersion forces ✓

London/dispersiekragte ✓ (1)

3.2.2 I2 ✓ (1)

3.2.3 As the molecular mass increases, ✓

the strength of the intermolecular forces increases ✓
Therefore more energy is needed to overcome/weaken the
intermolecular forces. ✓ (no mark if BROKEN is used instead of
overcome or weaken)
Thus the boiling boiling point increases. ✓✓
Indien die molekulêre massa toeneem, ✓
word die sterkte van die intermolekulêre kragte groter. ✓✓
Meer energie word benodig om die intermolekulêre kragte te
oorkom/te verswak. ✓ (geen punte indien GEBREEK in plaas van
oorkom gebruik word nie.) (3)
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3.3 3.3.1 NH3/ammonium ✓

NH3/ammoniak ✓ (1)

3.3.2 HCℓ/hydrogen chloride ✓

HCℓ/waterstofchloried ✓ (1)
[9]

QUESTION/VRAAG 4

4.1 What is the relationship between the pressure and volume of an enclosed
mass of gas, when the temperature is kept constant? ✓✓
Wat is die verband tussen die druk en volume van ʼn ingeslote massa gas,
indien die temperatuur konstant gehou word. ✓✓ (2)

4.2.1 Pressure ✓
Druk ✓ (1)

4.2.2 Temperature/mass of gas ✓

Temperatuur/massa van gas ✓ (1)

4.3 Boyle’s Law.✓ The pressure of an enclosed gas is inversely proportional to the
volume it occupies at a constant temperature ✓✓
Boyle se wet. ✓ Die druk van ʼn ingeslote gas is omgekeerd eweredig aan die
volume van die gas by ʼn konstante temperatuur. ✓✓ (3)

4.4 OPTION/OPSIE 1 OPTION/OPSIE 2

p1V1 = p2V2 ✓ p1V1 = p2V2 ✓
(200)(16,5) = (110)X ✓ (150)(1,65x 10-2) = (110)X ✓
X = 30 cm3 ✓ X = 3 x 10-2 dm3 ✓ (3)

4.5 At low temperatures, a real gas’s particles will occupy space and have
volume. ✓✓
By lae temperature sal ʼn werklike gas se deeltjies spasie inneem en volume
besit. ✓✓
OR/OF
The attraction and repulsive forces between the particles become
significant. ✓✓ Thus, a real gas will liquify at low temperatures.
Die aantrekkings- en afstotingskragte tussen deeltjies raak
noemenswaardig. ✓✓ Dus sal ʼn werklike gas vervloei by lae temperature. (2)

4.6 pV = nRT ✓
200 x 103 (50 x 10-6) ✓= n 8,31 (298) ✓
n = 0,00403 mol/4,30 x 10-3 mol ✓ (4)

4.7 The average kinetic energy of the molecules of the gas. ✓✓

Die gemiddelde kinetiese energie van die molekules van die gas. ✓✓ (2)
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4.8 The volume of the container is constant thus: ✓

As the kinetic energy of the molecules of the gas increases, the number of
collisions on the sides of the container increases. ✓
Pressure will increase. ✓
Die volume van die houer is konstant dus: ✓
Soos wat die kinetiese energie van die molekules van die gas toeneem, sal
die aantal botsings teen die kante van die houer toeneem. ✓
Die druk sal toeneem. ✓ (3)
[21]

QUESTION/VRAAG 5

5.1 5.1.1 The simplest ratio in which the elements of the compound are bonded
to each other.✓✓
Die eenvoudigste verhouding waarin die elemente van ʼn verbinding
aanmekaar gebind is. ✓✓ (2)

5.1.2 O% = 100 – (60,0+ 4,44) 

= 35,56%
𝑚 60,0
C: n= 𝑀 = = 5 mol
12

𝑚 4,44
H: n= 𝑀 = = 4,44 mol
1
𝑚 35,56
O: n= 𝑀 = = 2,22 mol
16
C : H : O
5 4,44 2,22
: : 
2,22 2,22 2,22

2,25 : 2 :1
9 : 8 :4
Empirical formula/Empiriese formule: C9H8O4 (6)

5.1.3 M(C9H8O4) = 9(12) + 8(1) + 4(16)

= 180 g.mol-1
molar mass/molêre mass 180
= =1 
emprical mass/empiriese massa 180
molecular formula/molekulêre formule: C9H8O4 (2)

5.2 M (Na2CO3) = 106g·mol-1

M (x H2O) = 268 – 106  = 162g·mol-1
n(H2O) =m/M =162/18 
n(H2O) = 9 mol (4)
[14]
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QUESTION/VRAAG 6

6.1 6.1.1 The limiting reagent is the reactant that is used up first. 
Die beperkende reagens is die een wat eerste opgebruik word. ✓✓ (2)

6.1.2 n(KCl) = cV

= 0,25 (0,055) 
= 0,0138
n(AgNO3) = cV
= 0,15(0,07) 
= 0,0105
KCℓ : AgNO3
1 : 1 
0,0105 : 0,0105
AgNO3 is the limiting reagent/die beperkende reagens  (5)

6.1.3 n(AgCl) = n(AgNO3) = 0,0105 mol 

m = nM 
= 0,0105(143,5) 
= 1,51 g  (4)
𝑚
6.2 6.2.1 n(CaCO3) = 
𝑀
50
= 100 
= 0,5 mol (3)

6.2.2 𝑚 18,2
n(CO2) = 𝑀 = 44 
= 0,414 mol
n(CaCO3) = n(CO2) = 0,414 mol 

m(CaCO3) = nM
= 0,414(100) 
= 41,4 g
41,4
% purity/suiwerheid = 50 x 100 
= 82,8% (5)
m
6.2.3 % purity/suiwerheid = 70% = 50 
m = 35 g CaCO3
𝑚 35
n(CaCO3) = 𝑀 = 100 
= 0,35 mol
n(CO2) = n(CaCO3)
= 0,35 mol 
m(CO2) = nM
= 0,35(44) 
= 15,4 g  (5)
[24]
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QUESTION/VRAAG 7

7.1 7.1.1 An acid is a proton (H+ ion) donor. 

ʼn Suur is ʼn proton (H+- ioon) skenker. ✓✓ (2)

7.1.2 It ionises to form 2 protons/2 moles of H+ ions. /

Dit ioniseer om 2 protone/2 mol H+ ione te vorm. ✓✓
OR/OF
It donates 2 H+ ions per H2SO4 molecule. 
Dit skenk 2 H+ ione per H2SO4 molekule.  (2)

7.1.3 Ampholyte 
Amfoliet  (1)

7.2 7.2.1 A solution of precisely known concentration. 

ʼn Oplossing waarvan die konsentraise presies bekend is.  (2)

7.2.2 H2SO4(ℓ) + 2H2O(ℓ) → 2H3O+(aq) + SO2-4 (aq)  

(balancing/balansering) (3)

7.3 7.3.1 na c V
= c a Va 
nb b b

1 ca (0,012)
=
2 0,2 (0,02)

ca = 0,17 mol.dm-3 (5)

7.3.2 Methyl orange , reaction of strong acid  and strong base .

Metieloranje , reaksie van ʼn sterk suur  en ʼn sterk basis.  (3)
[18]

QUESTION/VRAAG 8

8.1 Endothermic✓
Endotermies  (1)

8.2 The Products have more Potential energy than the reactants. ✓✓
Die produk het meer Potensiële energie as die reaktante. 
OR/OF
More energy is absorbed than released ✓✓
Meer energie word geabsorbeer as vrygestel. ✓✓ (2)

8.3 + 14,8 kJ.mol-1✓✓ without a + sign only 1 mark/sonder ʼn + teken slegs een
punt (2)

8.4 4+6✓ (1)

8.5 the minimum energy needed for a reaction to take place. ✓✓

die minimum energie benodig vir ʼn reaksie om plaas te vind, ✓✓ (2)
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8.6 3✓ (1)

8.7 It decreases the activation energy, ✓

by providing an alternative pathway for the reaction. ✓
Dit verminder die aktiveringsenergie, ✓
deur ʼn alternatiewe roete vir die reaksie te skep. ✓ (2)

NOTE/LET WEL:
8.8
✓ Dotted line from
reactants to products
✓ Stippellyn van
reaktante na produkte
✓ Lower that 3 and
higher than 4
✓ Laer as 3 en hoër as 4
Course of the reaction/verloop van
die reaksie (2)
[13]

QUESTION/VRAAG 9

9.1 9.1.1 An increase in the oxidation number. 

ʼn Toename in die oksidasiegetal.  (2)

9.1.2 +6  (2)

9.2 9.2.1 Electrons are transferred. /

Elektrone word oorgedra. 
OR/OF
The oxidation number of Fe2+/Cℓ2 changes. 
Die oksidasiegetal van Fe2+/Cℓ2 verander. 
OR/OF
Fe2+ is oxidised/Cℓ2 is reduced. 
Fe2+ is geoksideer/Cℓ2 is gereduseer.  (1)

9.2.2 Fe2+ The oxidation number increases from +2 to +3. 

Fe2+ Die oksidasiegetal neem toe van +2 na +3. 
(2)

9.2.3 Cℓ2 + 2e- → 2Cℓ- (2)

9.2.4 Cℓ2 + 2e- → 2Cℓ- 

Fe2+ → Fe3+ + e- 
2Fe2+ + Cℓ2 → 2Fe3+ + 2Cℓ- (balancing/balansering) (4)
[13]

TOTAL/TOTAAL: 150
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TAXONOMY GRID
Recall Comprehension Analysis Evaluation
Q no: Mark Q no: Mark Q no: Mark Q no: Mark
1.1 2 1.3 2 1.2 2
1.7 2 1.4 2 1.5 2
1.6 2 1.10 2
1.8 2
1.9 2
2.2 2 2.1.1 2 2.7 2
2.1.2 2 2.9 2
2.3 1 2.4 2
2.6 2 2.5 2
2.8 1
3.1 2 3.2.1 1
3.2.2 1
3.2.3 3
3.3.1 2
4.7 2 4.1 2 4.4 3 4.8 3
4.2 2 4.6 4
4.3 3
4.5 2
5.1.1 2 5.1.2 6 5.2 4
5.1.3 2
6.1.1 2 6.1.2 5
6.1.3 4
6.2.1 3
6.2.2 5
6.2.3 5
7.1.1 2 7.1.2 2 7.3.1 5
7.1.3 1 7.2.1 3 7.2.2 2
7.3.2 3
8.1 1 8.2 2 8.8 2
8.5 2 8.3 2
8.4 1
8.6 1
8.7 2
9.1.1 2 9.1.2 2
9.2.1 1
9.2.2 2
9.2.3 2
9.2.4 4

Actual Total 15% 23 43% 64 37% 56 5% 7

Target Total 15% 15 40% 40 35% 35 10% 10