NATIONAL

SENIOR CERTIFICATE

GRADE 11

GEOGRAPHY P2

EXEMPLAR 2022

MARKING GUIDELINES

MARKS: 150

These marking guidelines consist of 11 pages.

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Geography/P2 2 DBE/2022
NSC – Gr 11 Exemplar – Marking guidelines

SECTION A: DEVELOPMENT GEOGRAPHY AND RESOURCES AND

SUSTAINABILITY

QUESTION 1: DEVELOPMENT GEOGRAPHY

1.1 1.1.1 C

1.1.2 C

1.1.3 D

1.1.4 C

1.1.5 A

1.1.6 A

1.1.7 B (7 x 1) (7)

1.2 1.2.1 Development

1.2.2 Bilateral

1.2.3 Humanitarian

1.2.4 Non-government organisations

1.2.5 Multilateral

1.2.6 Programme

1.2.7 Conditional

1.2.8 Technical (8 x 1) (8)

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Geography/P2 3 DBE/2022
NSC – Gr 11 Exemplar – Marking guidelines

1.3.1 The development which takes place within a community (2)

[Concept] (1 x 2) (2)

1.3.2 Fencing and safe keeping of the school properties (1)

Upgrading the school sports fields and playgrounds (1)
Renovating school buildings and facilities (1)
Setting up vegetable gardens, computer rooms (1)
Sinking a borehole and installing guttering (1)
Water tanks and toilets with running water at the high school (1)
[ANY TWO] (1 x 1) (1)

1.3.3 Community members are able to acquire skills. (2)

The jobs created prevent people from participating in criminal
activities (2)
The projects provide a sense of inclusion. (2)
They bring unity and everyone learns to value one other (2)
[ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4)

1.3.4 To check first if the project is relevant to the chosen community. (2)
[ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2)

1.3.5 Lack of funding and knowledge to increase agricultural productivity,

this keep people at the level of communal farming. (2)
Resources such as wood, water and soil are over utilised. (2)
Soil erosion and overgrazing is a challenge. (2)
Most people are unemployed and therefore poor. (2)
Limited income because of fewer job opportunities. (2)
High cost of living because more money is spent on basic food,
shelter, energy, health, education and transport. (2)
Infrastructure is poorly developed, this results in costly
transport. (2)
Isolation from economic activities. (2)
Low standard of living. (2)
Farmers are not trained to practise commercial farming; livestock
owners make very little profit especially during droughts. (2)
HIV and Aids. (2)
[ANY THREE] (3 x 2) (6)

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Geography/P2 4 DBE/2022
NSC – Gr 11 Exemplar – Marking guidelines

1.4.1 Men and women do different things in society. (2)

[Concept] (1 x 2) (2)

1.4.2 Men discuss important matters and women are excluded. (1)
Women take care after children and fetch water. (1)
Domestic work is for women. (1)
Women's opinions on important matters are not considered. (1)
Women are considered inferior to men. (1)
[ANY TWO] (1 x 1) (1)

1.4.3 Women are predominantly seen as the caregivers and

homemakers. (2)
Women are not encouraged to have an opinion or seek an
education and many accept their roles. (2)
In many cultures women are seen as belonging firstly to their
fathers and after that belonging to their husbands. (2)
Traditionally women have very little access to resources
(education, property and employment). (2)
In many developing countries women are still not able to own land
and therefore are involved in subsistence agriculture. (2)
They are offered the lowest paying jobs or work in the informal
sector.(2)
In developing countries women are not involved in any decision-
making processes. (2)
Many laws exist to prevent discrimination against women but are
seldom upheld by governments. (2)
Some societies do offer their women equal rights but still may
suffer different forms of discrimination. (2)
Girls and women suffer sexual abuse and violence. (2)
[ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4)

1.4.4 Increasing number of women in management position. (2)

Awareness campaigns against violence to women. (2)
More women in politics. (2)
More women in fields traditionally associated with men. (2)
Harsher prison sentences for perpetrators of women abuse. (2)
Policies have been developed that aim at ensuring gender
equality. (2)
Women given opportunities in professional fields. (2)
[ANY FOUR] (4 x 2) (8)

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Geography/P2 5 DBE/2022
NSC – Gr 11 Exemplar – Marking guidelines

1.5.1 Globalisation is the increased connection between countries

around the world made possible by improved transport and
telecommunication systems and reduced barriers to international
trade. The world has become a smaller place. (1)
[CONCEPT] (1 x 2) (2)

1.5.2 The picture shows vaccine being administered worldwide. (1)

(1 x 1) (1)

1.5.3 USA/America (1)

China (1) (2 x 1) (2)

1.5.4 They are trade competitors vying for global markets. (2)
The coronavirus originated in China and they are being blamed for
the spread of the virus. (2)
[ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2)

1.5.5 Liberalisation of trade has been stimulated by globalisation, so the

continual international export and import of goods has caused the
virus to spread across countries (2)
Globalisation has created a global workforce where people move
across international borders on a regular basis, which can spread
the disease (2)
Open borders in line with liberalisation of trade has caused an
influx of immigrants into countries which can cause the disease to
spread (2)
Tourism that stimulates economic growth has been encouraged
which causes the disease to spread (2)
[ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4)

1.5.6 Multinational corporations would be forced to close their

operations (2)
LEDCs do not have the economies to compensate unemployed
people adequately (2)
There would be not be enough money to bail out small and large
businesses (2)
This would lead to greater unemployment (2)
Much of the money in the country would have to be used to buy
emergency medical equipment (2)
Lockdown in the country would halt the economy (2)
Lockdown would come at great economic expense (2)
The governments of LEDCs would have to take loans at high
interest rates (2)
Some of these loans from MEDC's would come with economic
conditions that would tie down LEDC's (2)
[ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4)
[60]

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Geography/P2 6 DBE/2022
NSC – Gr 11 Exemplar – Marking guidelines

QUESTION 2: RESOURCES AND SUSTAINABILITY

2.1 2.1.1 H

2.1.2 E

2.1.3 F

2.1.4 A

2.1.5 B

2.1.6 C

2.1.7 I

2.1.8 D (8 x 1) (8)

2.2 2.2.1 Carbon footprint

2.2.2 Green economy

2.2.3 Energy management

2.2.4 Kyoto Protocol

2.2.5 Global warming

2.2.6 Greenhouse gases

2.2.7 Non-conventional energy (7 x 1) (7)

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Geography/P2 7 DBE/2022
NSC – Gr 11 Exemplar – Marking guidelines

2.3 2.3.1 Thin layer of loose organic and weathered material found on the
Earth's surface. (1)
[CONCEPT] (1 x 2) (2)

2.3.2 Overgrazing (1 x 1) (1)

2.3.3 If too many animals graze on a piece of land the vegetation will be
completely depleted. (2)
This will result in the soil being bare and it will then be easily picked
by wind or water. (2)
Bare ground becomes stamped down (compacted) and no plant
growth takes place. (2)
[ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4)

2.3.4 The land becomes less productive for agriculture. (2)

Soil and fertilizers eroded into rivers can damage freshwater
and kill marine habitats which serve as food to the local
communities. (2)
Flooding becomes more common. (2)
Famine since little vegetation is able to grow on land. (2)
Rural-urban migration due to food shortages and food
insecurity. (2)
[ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4)

2.3.5 Promote more sustainable agriculture. (2)

Reduce deforestation. (2)
Prevent desert expansion. (2)
Proper soil management reduces the risk of severe soil erosion. (2)
Afforestation programmes (2)
Encouraging crop rotation to increase soil stability. (2)
Educating farmers on proper farming techniques. (2)
Practicing rotational grazing. (2)
[ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4)

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Geography/P2 8 DBE/2022
NSC – Gr 11 Exemplar – Marking guidelines

2.4 2.4.1 When we cannot reuse a source of energy after using it once, it is
called a 'conventional source of energy'. (1)
It is not replenished with the speed at which it is consumed. (1)
[CONCEPT] (1 x 2) (2)

2.4.2 Coal = 70% + Nuclear = 3% + Oil = 22% + natural gas = 4%

= 99% (1) (1 x 1) (1)

2.4.3 Coal (1) (1 x 1) (1)

2.4.4 (a) Unsustainable. (1) (1 x 1) (1)

(b) Coal is non-renewable. (2)

Once used it cannot be replaced and no electricity can be
generated. (2)
[ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2)

2.4.5 Large coal reserves in South Africa (2)

Coal seams close to surface and easily obtained. (2)
Relatively cheap to produce electricity. (2)
Coal-fired power stations are reliable. (2)
South Africa's infrastructure to generate electricity from coal is well
established. (2)
[ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4)

2.4.6 Environmental despoliation (2)

Produce solid wastes. (2)
Produce greenhouse gases when it is burnt. (2)
Gases emitted pollute the atmosphere. (2)
Gases emitted cause acid rain. (2)
Surface coal mining may dramatically alter the landscape even (2)
though mining companies are supposed to restore the mined
area. (2)
Burning coal is a leading cause of smog, global warming, and air
toxins. (2)
[ANY TWO] (2 x 2)

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Geography/P2 9 DBE/2022
NSC – Gr 11 Exemplar – Marking guidelines

2.5 2.5.1 They are energy sources that are renewable/energy sources that
are new and alternative (1) (1 x 2) (2)

2.5.2 Solar (1)

Wind (1) (2 x 1) (2)

2.5.3 It is an alternative to both coal and nuclear power (1)

It will diversify and add to much needed energy to the electricity
grid (1)
It is clean and will reduce South Africa's carbon emissions (1)
Photovoltaic panels can be supplied to rural areas which are not on
the electricity grid (1)
[ANY TWO] (1 x 1) (1)

2.5.4 Turning rotor blades can kill birds, bats, insects (2)
This affects ecosystems and can reduce the biodiversity of the
area (2)
They cause noise which can spoil the aesthetic beauty of the
environment (2)
[ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2)

2.5.5 NEGATIVE
The initial cost of installation is expensive as parts have to be
imported (2)
In most cases skilled people from overseas need to oversee the
operations which is expensive (2)
A huge proportion of the South African labour market would be
excluded from these jobs as they are unskilled (2)
Wind and solar energy are unreliable as they both depend daily on
huge amounts of sunshine and wind (2)
Only certain areas in South Africa would then be able to have
access to non-conventional sources of energy (2)
Increased reliance on non-conventional energy sources would
decrease the demand for coal and cause mines to shut down (2)
This will cause high unemployment in the mines and associated
link industries that process coal like power stations (2)
POSITIVE
The initial cost of installation is expensive but the running costs
afterwards is cheaper than being reliant on coal (2)
The sources for non-conventional use of energy is renewable and
cheaper (2)
It will create more employment opportunities (2)
It will broaden the skills base of the country's labour force (2)
An increase in the use of non-conventional sources of energy
decreases dependency on oil and hence the price drops (2)
Energy can be sourced to remote rural areas, stimulating the
economy of these areas (2)
There will be less load shedding, thus boosting businesses (2)
[ANY FOUR] (4 x 2) (8)
[60]

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Geography/P2 10 DBE/2022
NSC – Gr 11 Exemplar – Marking guidelines

SECTION B: GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES

QUESTION 3

3.1 MAP SKILLS AND CALCULATIONS

3.1.1 C (1 x 1) (1)

3.1.2 B (1 x 1) (1)

3.1.3 
Length: 4,2 cm x 50 000
100 000


Breadth: 3,8 cm x 50 000
100 000

 
= 2,1 km x 1,9 km

= 3,99 km2  (5)

3.1.4 The scale of the orthophoto map is larger (1 : 10 000) OR

The scale of the topographic map is smaller (1 : 50 000)(1) (1 x 1) (1)

3.1.5 Contour line (1)

Benchmark (1) (2 x 1) (2)

3.2 MAP INTERPRETATION

3.2.1 C (1 x 1) (1)

3.2.2 B (1 x 1) (1)

3.2.3 It cannot be replaced or replenished (2) (1 x 2) (2)

3.2.4 Open-cast mining (2) (1 x 2) (2)

3.2.5 Solar energy (2)

Wind energy (2) (1 x 2) (2)

3.2.6 Sinkholes (2)

Diggings (2)
Open cast mines (2)
[ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4)

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Geography/P2 11 DBE/2022
NSC – Gr 11 Exemplar – Marking guidelines

3.3 GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS)

3.3.1 D (1 x 1) (1)

3.3.2 Non-spatial information about a geographic feature in GIS (1)

(1 x 2) (2)

3.3.3 Its name (1)

Size (1)
How many holes (1)
Restaurant on premises (1)
Housing on golf estate (1)
[ANY TWO] (1 x 1) (1)

3.3.4 (a) To establish where coal is found (2)

(b) To establish what infrastructure exists and what is

needed (2) (2 x 2) (4)
[30]

TOTAL: 150

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