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3 1 DB Basics, SQL Basics v1

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3 1 DB Basics, SQL Basics v1

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swapiiii
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© © All Rights Reserved
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SQL BASICS - 1

ITEM #1: HOW TO VERIFY / CONNECT TO SQL SERVER INSTALLATION ?


From your computer: Windows > Apps > Search “SSMS” > Click to Launch SQL Server
Management Studio Tool. Then we see one prompt for Server Name.
Click @ Drop-down > Expand Database Engine > Select previously installed Server > Ok >
Connect.

ITEM #2: HOW TO IDENTIFY THE VERSION OF SQL SERVER?


From SSMS Tool: Once we connect to SQL Server, we see version number.
14 : 2017
15 : 2019
16 : 2022

ITEM #3: HOW TO IDENTIFY THE EDITION OF SQL SERVER?


From SSMS Tool: Once we connect to SQL Server.
Right Click Server > Properties > We see Edition (Product) Information. Ex: Evaluation Edition

ITEM #4: HOW TO VERIFY THE SYSTEM DATABASES?


DURING INSTALLATION OF SQL SERVER, A SET OF DATABASES ARE AUTO INSTALLED. THESE
DATABASES ARE CALLED “SYSTEM DATABASES”.
1. MASTER : USED TO CONTROL CONNECTIONS AND PERMISSIONS TO SERVER.
2. MODEL : USED AS TEMPLATE FOR NEW DATABASES WE CREATE IN FUTURE.
3. MSDB : USED BY ADMINISTRATORS (DBA) FOR REPAIRS & MONITORING.
4. TEMPDB : USED BY DEVELOPERS, DATA ANALYSTS @ TEMPORARY DATA STORAGE.
5. RESOURCE : HIDDEN. USED TO ALLOCATE THE RESOURCES (PROCESSOR, MEMORY)
NEEDED FOR ACTUAL DATABASE OPERATIONS (QUERIES).
FROM SSMS TOOL : EXPAND SERVER > EXPAND DATABASES > SYSTEM DATABASES.
ITEM #5: HOW TO STORE DATA INTO SQL SERVER?
STEP 1: INSTALL SQL SERVER
STEP 2: INSTALL SSMS TOOL
STEP 3: CONNECT TO SQL SERVER FROM SSMS TOOL
STEP 4: CREATE DATABASE
STEP 5: CONNECT TO ABOVE CREATED DATABASE
STEP 6: CREATE TABLE
STEP 7: STORE DATA INTO ABOVE CREATED TABLE
STEP 8: VERIFY ABOVE STORED DATA

TO PEFORM STEP 4 AND REMAINING OPERATIONS, WE NEED “SQL”.

SQL : STRUCTURED QUERY LANGUAGE. OS LANG


A PLATFORM USED TO COMMUNICATE WITH ANY DATABASE.
FOR DEVELOPMENT, TESTING AND ADMINISTRATION (MANAGEMENT).

TSQL : TRANSACT SQL = MSSQL. WIN ENG


A TYPE OF SQL EXCLUSIVELY USED FOR COMMUNICATING WITH DATABASES STORED IN
MICROSOFT SQL SERVER (MS SQL SERVER).

ITEM #6: WHAT ARE THE BASIC TYPES OF SQL STATEMENTS ?


DATA DEFINITION LANGUAGE [DDL] : STRUCTURE (CONTAINER)
CREATE To define new Databases and Tables
ALTER To modify structure of existing Databases and Tables (Ex: Increase Size of Database)
DROP To remove existing Databases and Tables
DATA MANUPULATION LANGUAGE [DML] : DATA (CONTENT)
INSERT To store data into tables
UPDATE To modify the existing data in the tables
DELETE To remove existing data from the tables. Opposite of INSERT.
SELECT DQL. Used to Verify / Report data from Table + Create Tables + Insert Data
In later classes we have other SQL Commands to practice: TCL, DCL, etc...
ITEM #7: HOW TO WORK WITH SQL?
TO WRITE SQL QUERIES, WE NEED AN INTERFACE INSIDE SSMS TOOL CALLED SESSION.
SESSION MEANS A QUERY WINDOW. A WORKSPACE TO WRITE, RUN QUERIES.

ITEM #8: HOW TO CREATE A SESSION?


FROM SSMS TOOL: RIGHT CLICK SERVER > NEW QUERY > THEN YOU SEE A "SESSION".

ITEM #9: HOW TO CREATE NEW DATABASE USING SQL?


SYNTAX (FORMAT): CREATE DATABASE <<DATABASENAME>>

Example :
CREATE DATABASE ProductDB
COPY PASTE ABOVE STATEMENT INTO SSMS SESSION WINDOW.
SELECT OR HIGHLIGHT THE ABOVE STATEMENT > CLICK @ EXECUTE.

ITEM #10: HOW TO VERIFY ABOVE CREATED DATABASE INSIDE THE SERVER?
FROM SSMS TOOL : LEFT > OBJECT EXPLORER > EXPAND THE SERVER > RIGHT CLICK
DATABASES FOLDER > REFRESH > WE SEE THE ABOVE CREATED DATABASES.

ITEM #11: HOW TO CONNECT TO ABOVE DATABASE USING SQL?


SYNTAX (FORMAT): USE <<DATABASENAME>>

Example :
USE ProductDB
COPY PASTE ABOVE STATEMENT TO SSMS SESSION WINDOW. HIGHLIGHT > EXECUTE.

ITEM #12: WHAT IS A TABLE ?


TABLE IS A DATABASE OBJECT. MEANS, IT IS AN ENTITY INSIDE THE DATABASE.
PURPOSE OF TABLES: TO STORE DATA IN AN ORGANIZED FORMAT. JUST LIKE AN EXCEL SHEET !!
TABLE DATA IS ARRANGED IN FORMAT OF COLUMNS. EVERY COLUMN HAS A NAME, DATA TYPE.

SYNTAX (FORMAT):
CREATE TABLE <<TABLENAME>>
(
<Column1Name>> <datatype>,
<Column2Name> <datatype>,
<Column3Name> <datatype>,
....... max: Upto 1024 columns
)

Data Type : A Property to specify type of value that can be stored in a column.
Example: A column can store Digits, Alphabets, Date, Time, etc..

We shall understand more about Data Types in a dedicated chapter in next few classes.
To start with, lets have few basic Data Types:
Integer : TO STORE DIGITS [Ex: 0, -9, 99..]
Character : TO STORE DIGITS, SYMBOLS, ALPHABETS [Ex: admin123$]
ITEM #13: HOW TO CREATE A TABLE TO STORE PRODUCTS DATA INSIDE ABOVE DATABASE ?
SELECT ALL BELOW FIVE LINES > COPY, PASTE TO SSMS SESSION WINDOW > SELECT & CLICK EXECUTE :
CREATE TABLE tblProducts
(
ProductID INTEGER, -- THIS COLUMN STORES DIGITS [0, -9, 99..]
ProductName CHAR(40) -- THIS COLUMN STORES UPTO 40 DIGITS, ALPHA, SYMBOLS
)

ITEM #14: HOW TO STORE (INSERT) DATA INTO THE TABLE? STEP 7
RULE: SINGLE QUOTES (‘ ‘) MANDATORY FOR ALPHABETS, SYMBOLS. OPTIONAL FOR DIGITS.
INSERT INTO tblProducts VALUES (1001, 'CAPS');
INSERT tblProducts VALUES (1002, 'CHAINS')
insert tblProducts VALUES (1003, 555);

ITEM #15: HOW TO REPORT (OUTPUT OR DISPLAY) DATA FROM THE TABLE USING SQL ?
SYNTAX (FORMAT): SELECT <<COLUMN-LIST>> FROM <<TABLE-NAME>> STEP 8
SELECT ProductID FROM tblProducts

SELECT ProductID, ProductName FROM tblProducts

SELECT * FROM tblProducts; -- * means to report all columns

ITEM #16: ANOTHER EXAMPLE:


HOW TO CREATE A COMPANY DATABASE, STORE EMPLOYEE DATA IN TABLE FORMAT ?
YOU SHALL COPY PASTE ALL BELOW FIVE QUERIES INTO A NEW SSMS SESSION WINDOW.
HIGHLIGHT / SELECT ONE QUERY AT A TIME. EXECUTE. VERIFY THE RESULT.

-- QUERY 1: HOW TO CREATE NEW DATABASE?


CREATE DATABASE COMPANY_DB

-- QUERY 2: HOW TO CONNECT TO ABOVE DATABASE?


USE COMPANY_DB

-- QUERY 3: HOW TO CREATE NEW TABLE INSIDE ABOVE DATABASE?


CREATE TABLE tblEmployee
(
EmpID INTEGER, -- THIS COLUMN STORES DIGITS [0, -9, 99 ...]
EmpName CHARACTER(30), -- THIS COLUMN STORES DIGITS, ALPHABETS, SYMBOLS
EmpSalary FLOAT -- THIS COLUMN STORES DECIMAL VALUES [9.99, 8.5,
ETC.. ]
)

-- QUERY 4: HOW TO INSERT DATA INTO ABOVE TABLE?


INSERT INTO tblEmployee VALUES (1001, 'SAI', 9999.99)
INSERT INTO tblEmployee VALUES (1002, 'AMIN', 99999.99)

-- QUERY 5: HOW TO VERIFY ABOVE DATA FROM THE TABLE?


SELECT * FROM tblEmployee

ITEM #17: HOW TO SAVE OR STORE THE ABOVE SQL QUERIES IN YOUR COMPUTER?
FROM SSMS TOOL : TOP LEFT @ FILE MENU > SAVE > SPECIFY YOUR DISK LOCATION.

ITEM #18: HOW TO OPEN ABOVE SAVED .SQL FILE FROM SSMS TOOL ?
FROM SSMS: CONNECT TO YOUR SERVER. TOP LEFT: FILE MENU > OPEN > BROWSE FOR FILE > OPEN.

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