SYSTEMATIC PHARMACOGNOSTIC STUDY OF CLOVE
Aim:To Study macroscopicand microscopic
charactersofClove.
Requirements:
glassslide,
Microscope, brush,needle,coverslip,
watches glass, blade,
Staining
Reagents:
conc.HCI (1:1),
Phloroglucinol, HCI,Sudan red -III
StrongKOH, Dil.
Synonym:Lavang (Hindi),
Cloveflower,
Clovebud.
BiologicalSource:
Itconsistsofdriedflowerbuds ofEugeniacaryophyllus belongs tothe family:
Myrtaceae.
The clovecontainsnot lessthan 15% v/w ofclove oil.
Macroscopical
Characters:
Colour Dark brown /crimsonred.
Odour Aromatic.
Taste Spicy pungent followed
by numbness.
Microscopic characters:
Epidermiscontains Singlelayered,straightwalledcellswith anamocytic (Ranuncululaceous)
stomata.The outerlayerofepidermisiscovered withverythickcuticle.
Cortexcontains
threezones.
1. Upper zone containsradially
arrangedparenchymatous cells
withtwo to threelayersof
big,ellipsoidal, oilglands.Parenchymatouscells
schizolysigenous containtanninshence
show darkcolourwhen stainedwithferric
chloride.
2. Middlezone containing
a ringofbicollateral
vascular
bundleswhere xylem iscomposed
of three to fivelignified
spiralvessels.About 15 vascularbundles are present in ring.
Isolatedpericyclicfibres
may be presentaround the vascular
bundle.Fibresareprominent
& slow distinguishedpinkcolour on staining.
3. Lower zone (or)Innerzone of parenchyma is composed of airspaces (arenchyma),
separatedby lamellae,one cell
thickwhich supportsthe centralcolumella.
Itcontainsparenchymatous cells.
Collumella: Itisrichincalciumoxalateclusters
and a ringof
vascular
bundles towardsthe periphery.
Itcontains25-30smallvascular If
bundles atperiphery. T.S. ispassingthroughovary,
instead
two bean shaped lobes withovules will
ofcolumella, be seen inthe centre.
Starch,
trichomesand stone cells
areabsent.
Microchemical
Tests:
REAGENTS OBSERVATION CHARACTERISTICS
+ conc.HCI(1:1).
Phloroglucinol Pink Vascularbundles & fibres.
Sudan red III Red Cuticle
glands.
Needle shaped potassium
StrongKOH solution. Eugenolofvolatile
glands.
eugenate crystals.
soluble,
Crystal's needles of
Dil.
HCI (60% w/w) sulphuric
acid. Calciumoxalatecrystals.
calciumsulphateon standing.
Chemical Constituents: Itmainly contains 15-30% of Volatile
oilscontents. The chief
constituentsof volatile
oilare Eugenol,isoeugenol,methyl && dimethylfurfural,a & ß
ItalsocontainsHydrolysable
caryophylline. tannins.
Uses:
1. Itisused as carminative,an aromatic,
stimulantand flavouring
agent,
2. Itisused as dentalanalgesicand antiseptic
3. Itisused inmicroscopicwork and alsoused forisolationofeugenol.
Report:
Transversesection of Clove was prepared and Morphological
charactersand microscopic
ofclovewere studied.
characters
EXPERIMENT-7
SYSTEMATICPHARMACOGNOSTIC STUDY OFFENNEL FRUIT
Aim: To Study Morphological
and Microscopical ofFennel Fruit.
Characteristics
Requirements:
Crude drug,Microscope,
glassslide, brush,needle,cover slip,
watch glass, blade,Filter
paper.
Staining
Reagents:
conc. HCI (1:1),
Phloroglucinol, Alcoholic acid,Sudan red -III
picric
Synonynm: Barisauf(Hindi),
Fructusfoeniculi
Biological
Source:
Itconsistsofdriedripefruits
ofcultivated
speciesFoeniculum vulgareBelongs to the family:
Umbelliferae
Itcontainsnotlessthan 1.49% of oil.
volatile
MacroscopicalCharacters:
Color:Greenish (or)
yellowishbrown
Odour:Sweet aromaticand characteristic
Taste:Sweet mucilaginous,Agreeablearomaticand characteristic.
Extra
Features:
cremocarp.Itconsistsof two equal portionscalled
Fennel exhibits mericarpconnectedby a
centralstalkcalled
as carpophore.
MicroscopicCharacters:
ItcontainsEpicarp,
Pericarp: Mesocarp, Vittaeand Endocarp
Epicarpcontainsa layerof quadrangulartopolygonalcells
withsmooth cuticle.
lignified
Mesocarp containsReticulate, parenchyma surroundingthevascularbundles.
Vascular
Bundlesarefiveinnumber and bicollateral,
presentbelow each ridge(primary
ridge)
VittaecontainSchizogenousoil Itcontains6 vittae,
cells. 4 arepresenton dorsalsideand 2 are
presenton commissural surface/ventral
surface.About 250u inmaximum width,the wallsare
brown.
Endocarp:ItConsists of narrow elongated cells
havinga parquetryarrangement (groupof
parallel
cells
arrangedindifferent
directions).
SEED:
Testa:ItcontainsSingle and itisyellowish
layeredcells brown incolor.
Endospernm: tcontainsThickwalledpolygonal,
cellulosic
parenchyma oilglobules
containing
oil),
(fixed Aleurone
grainsand rosettecrystals
of calciumoxalate.
Raphe isa singleridgeofvascularstrandsappears inthe middleofcommissuralsurface.
Carpophorecontainsverythickwalledsclerenchymain2 strands.
MicroChemicalTest:
S.NO. REAGENTS OBSERVATION CHARECTERISTICS
Phloroglucinol
+ conc.HCI Pink Lignified
reticulate
parenchyma
(1:1) ofmesocarp & vascularbundles
Aleuronegrains
2. Alcoholic
picric
acid Yellow
Sudan red -III
Oilglobulesinthe cells
of
3 Red
endosperm and cuticle
ChemicalConstituents:
oil.
The mainlycontains4-6% ofVolatile
oil
The volatile contains50-60% ofAnethol,
12-18%ofFixedoiland14-22% ofProteins.
Uses:
> Used as Carminative
and flavoring
agent.
> Used as an aromatic.
> Used as respiratory
stimulant.
> Used as stimulant
Report:
TransversesectionofClovewas preparedand Morphological
charactersand microscopic
ofFennelFruit
characters were studied.
