3.

Kashawing in Lake Lanao,

Contemporary Arts Mindanao
-ensure abundance durimg rice
I. PRE-CONQUEST planting and harvesting.
• Indigenous (Stylisticterm) 4. Tagbanwa in Palawan
-Emphasize the idea that our
ancestors have been making art
even before colinization.
• Pre-colonial
-term use for general way of life
before colonization. -believed that every 13th moon,
three
Art before colonization: goddesses descend from heaven
-not refer to art as we do today, to bless the planting rice.
woven into the fabric of
everyday life. Musical instruments
-work of imagination coupled • Pipe
with creativity. -one of the ethnic instruments
• Pre-colonial Filipino during pre-colonial period.
-they hunted food and game • Kudyapi
that were shared among -three stringed guitar.
members of a community in • Kulintang
gathering. -an array of bossed gongs.
-they imitated the movement of • Gansa
animals and prey, and sounds -a flat gong, bamboo
that they made. percussion instruments
•Agong
• Ritual -a large bossed gong
-earliest form of theater.
-prayed and performing this Dance forms
before the hunters go for hunt. • Pangalay
-imitating the movements of -from Sulu archipelago, mimetic
animals, marked the beginning the movement of seabirds.
of theater. • Mandavas/kinabua
• Banog-banog
• Storytelling -Higaonon and of B/laan
-marked the beginning of communities.
Literature. • Manmanok
-Bagobos of Mindanao, imitate
Earliest forms of theater the movements of predatory
1. Mayvanuvanus in Batanes birds.
2. Canao/kanyaw in Cordillera • Talip
-officiated by shaman/mumbaki -Ifugao, used this dance for
-also involves animal sacrifice. courtship.
mimetic the movements ofwild -found in PANOLONG or
fowls. protruding beams of
• Inamong (Matigsalug) and torogan(sultan's house).
Kadaliwas (T'boli) • Sunduk
-represents the comedic - grave marker, marking
movements of monkevs. ceremonial boats.
• Tinikling -some of most ancient forms are
-popular Tagalog folkdance made out of Terracotta.
often showcase for tourist. • Manunggul Jar
- evocative movement of crane. -secondary burial vessel, where
buried and exhumed bones are
placed.
Image making before -found in Manunggul Cave,
colonization: Lipuun Point. (Palawan, dated
-exemplified by country's rich to late Neolithic period: 890-
tradition in carving. 710BC)
• Bulul • Ayub Cave
-carve in Cordillera region. -in Maitim, Sarangsani found
-regarded as granary God that another burialjars that was
plays important role in rituals. during the Metal Age.
-appears in containers, bowl
and spoon. POTTERY
• Hagabi • Palayok
- Ifugaos, wooden bench that -form of pottery still used for
marks socioeconomic status of cooking.
the owner. •Banga and Tapayan
• Santos - container for fermenting food/
- is displayed in decorative altar keep the liquids.
niche. Laguna and Pampanga) • Pagbuburnay
-sculptures of saints as well as -in Vigan thrives, is currently
wooden sculptures valued even in Ilocos as part of
• Pampanga its creative industry.
-Carving tradition remains
active today despite of the Traditional weaving
many challenges posed to - fibers gathered from plants
contemporary practice. like cotton, abaca, and
• Okir pineapple leaves while the
-Ukkil in Tausug term/Samal/ pigment are extracted from
Badjao are employed wood clay, roots, and leaves of plants.
carving. • Backstrap look/Pedal loom
-sensuous figures sometimes -used to weave designs that
painted in primary colors follow holds speacial meaning for
the basic designs of Sarimanok, particular cultural group.
naga/serpent, and pako/fern. • Pis Siyabit
- a headpiece woven by Tausog
of Sulu.
• Langkit
-malong with exquisite tapestry
panels, woven by Maranao of
Lanao del Sur.
• Tepo mat
- colorful double-layered of
Sama of Tawi-Tawi made of
pandan leaves.
• Bubo
-In Ilocos region, sturdy
bamboo strips woven to create
fish traps.

Ornamentation
-seen in the way early
Filipinos adorned their bodies.
• Boxer Codex
- is a called illustrated
manuscript featured
representations of various
ethnolinguistic group
• Islas de los Pintados
-Visavans who are fully covered
in tattoo.

Jewelry
• Lotoans/betel nut boxes
-made of brass or bronze
produced chiefly by the
Maranao of Lanao del Sur.
• Lost wax or cire Perdue
-process which involves the use
of moulds filled with liquefied II. ISLAMIC COLONIAL
metal that eventually hardens.
• Kendi
(13th century to the
-a vessel used for pouring
liquids
Present)
-round body, no handle
• Gadur • Islam
-a container with tapered top, - was said to have gain been
round body and flared base. significant grounding in Sulu as
early as the 13th century.
• Sayyid Abbubakar of Arabia requirements that all Islamic
-15th century, the 1st Sultan buildings must be oriented
and founder of Sultanate of towards Mecca as expression of
Sulu. oneness with the larger Islamic
-brought holy book of Quran, community.
building a house prayer. -the direction serves as the
• Princess Piramisuli direction that should be faced
-wife of Sayyid Abbubakar when Muslim prays.
-daughter of Rajah Baguinda •Mecca
•Madrasa -Great Mosque of Mecca
-religious school for Islam •Ka’bah
-teaching of Arabic writing in 16th -a black shrine believed to be
century. built by the Prophet
•Ummah Muhammad himself.
-community believers of Muslim faith.
•Tawhid Islamic Art
-central of Muslim faith, belief that reject copying images of
Allah is the unity and only God. nature, apparently in the
•Prof. Abraham Sakili curvilinear flowing of
-we can relate two aspects of reality, Ukkil/okir.
object perceived by ordinary sense, •Luhul
while other sense of nothingness. -features motif is from the Tree
of life.
Islam faith use patterns of objects to
draw attention away from concrete
objects, in other words, away from
human forms and nature unlike other
religious traditions which make use of
icons, in Islam, divine unity is expressed
through abstract forms and patterns.

III. SPANISH
COLONIAL PERIOD
(1521-1898)
Islamic Architecture
• Amo tab
-niche
•Quibla • Lowland Christians
-well oriented to west—may it -colonizers gained inroads in the Central
be in Sultan Kudarat or Quiapo, part of the islands of Philippines
Manila—in order to fulfill the • Municipio
-local government office and the church. as well as furnitures. Spread
• Latin cross throughout Cebu, Barangay,
-Cruciform churches following this Manila and Ilocos. Example is a
shape and established it’s importance to painting of Nuestra Señorita
people’s lives through its imposing scale del Rosario in Bohol, the
and overall visual appeal. image of which was said be
inspired from Kuanyin, the
•Baroque Churches deity of mercy in East Asian
-architectural style falls under Buddhism.
the Baroque-Romanesque style.
church's deep foundation and •Santos
thick stone walls served as - are displayed in a decorative
protection during Moro altar niche called retablo.
invasions and raids in the past.
•Via Crucis
Baroque Churches in PH -an important inclusion in
-San Agustin Church(Manila) colonial churches which
-Morning Church(Rizal) presented 14 paintings or relief
-Paoay Church(Ilocos Norte) sculptures selecting Christ’s
-Sto. Tomas de Villanueva crucifixion and resurrection.
Church(Miag-ao, Iloilo)
•Trompe l’oeil
Images of saints and -seen in Taal Basilica in
interpretation of Biblical Barangay or at the St. James
narratives were considered the Apostle Parish in Beria,
essential to worship. Made Pampanga.
usually in ivory or wood, - is French for fooling the eye,
imagery of the santo would be refers to the paintings that give
based on classical and baroque a heightened illusion of three
models. dimensionality.

• Relleves
-church altars that sometimes
decorative with curved
figurative protrusions on the
surface.

•Plateria
• 17th Century -organic designs of hammered
- Chinese artisans, under silver
Spanish supervision were -Plateria technique, applied in
engaged in making icons or the body of the carroza, where
santos in wood and ivory; the santos are paraded during
building churches and houses; town processions.
Western Musical •Bayan Ko(My Country)
Instruments -a Kundiman, which
-pipe organs experienced renewed
-violin popularity during EDSA People
-guitar Power Revolution of 1986.
-piano
• Baybayin
• Catholic liturgical music -used to composed short poem
-introduced in 1742 when by Mangyan to tell courtships
Archbishop of Manila Juan and emotional concerns.
Rodriguez Angel, established a
singing school at the Manila • Zarzuela/Sarsuwela
Cathedral that taught western -19th Century, was an operetta
music. which features singing and
dancing interspersed with
•Santo Domingo and San prose dialogue.
Agustin -1704, the 1st Senakulo or
-convents would soon teach a Passion play was written by
choral music to young boys that Gaspar Aquino de Belen.
would soon creat Filipino -was tweaked to convey Christ’s
composers like Marcelo suffering.
Adonay(1848-1928)
•Pasyon/Pabasa •Komedya
-biblical narration of Christ’s -depicts conflict between the
passion chanted in an Muslims and Christians.
improvised melody. - local komedya first appeared in
Latin and Spanish in Cebu, 1598. In
•Awit and Corrido 1609, the komedya on the
-secular music forms soon martyrdom of Santa Barbara, the
flourished in Pampanga, Ilocos, first in a native language, facilitated
Bicol and Iloilo. the conversion of Boholanos to
•Kundiman and Balitao Christianity.
-in 19th century, kundiman
usually spoke of resignation TWO MAIN TYPES OF KOMEDYA
and fatalism, became vehicle • Komedya De Santo
for resistance and balitaw- -A religious komedya, centers on the life
sentimental love songs and of Christ or of any saint.
lullabies involved. -Actors move in a stylized way, have
extravagant costumes and eleborately
•Kundiman ni Abdon choreograph war scenes.
-love song, a Kundiman which • Moro-moro
features protest actions against -Secular komedya, the word moro is
Martial Law during 70’s. derived from the spanish word for Moor
or North African Arabs who ruled parts crafts.
of Spain.
-Story would usually involve a love •Heaven, Earth and Hell(1850)
between Muslim and Christian and -Mural by Jose Dans in Pate Church, Laguna.
ending with Christian wedding and the - painting seems warm that sinful life on Earth
protagonists living happily ever after. would lead to torment and eternal
damnation.
SEVERAL GROUPS THAT STILL PERFORM • Basi Revolt
BOTH KOMEDYA AND THE SENAKULO IN - A series of 14 paintings by Esteban
PHILIPPINES: Villanuava.
- It chronicles the defeat of llocanos who
• Santana (Metro Manila) and San rebelled against the Spanish government's
Dionisio, Paranaque monopoly of basi or rice wine in 1821.
-Local parish church to stage for
senakulo and komedya, elders handed REPROGRAPHIC ART OF
to their children the scripts to take on PRINTMAKING
the task of performing as a form of - This was introduced in early 16th century.
panata or devotion to church. Applying the technique of xylography or
• Pampanga and Tarlac woodcut printing, Doctrina Christiana.
-Devotees are actually nailed to a cross •Doctrina Christiana
as form of penance. This yearly event -is the 1st printed book in the philippines
has become a theatrical spectacle, compiling lyrics, commandments, sacraments
major tourist and media attraction. and other catechetical material.
• Nueva Ecija • Estampas
-Araquio or arakyo is performed all -is a prayer booklets and its smaller
throughout the 7 days of holy week. counterpart estampitas.
-Printmaking particularly engraving, was
• Iligan developd to produce secular or non religious
-Comedia de San Miguel is very much works.
performed as San Miguel or Saint
Michael, the saint of the city. • CARTA HYDROGROGRAPHICA Y
CHOROGRAPHICA DE LAS YSLAS FILIPINAS
FOLKDANCES BROUGHT BY THE -1st scientific map of the Philippines produced
GOVERNANCE OF SPAIN: by the Jesuit priest Fr. Pedro Murillo Velarde
• Carinosa collaborated with homegrown talents, the
• Pandanggo/Fandango artist Francisco Suarez and the engraver
• Polka Nicolas de la Cruz Bagay. Suarez and de la
• Dansa Cruz Bagay signed their names at the bottom
•Rigodon (carry traces of habanera, jota and of the map.
tango dances)
• FLORA DE FILIPINAS (1878)
VISUAL ARTS -Produced by Augustinian botanist Fr. Manuel
-Spaniards propagate paintings as a tool for Blanco with an extensive compilation of
their Catholic faith through beautiful art Philippine plants covered with leather, the
content consist of lithographic reproductions
of remarkable watercolor illustrations by • Carlos " Botong” Francisco
Filipino artists. -He is known for his magisterial murals.

The rise of new elite in the Ph led to the

establishment of the Plaza complex, which
also occupied by the bahay na bato (housed
of wealthy family).

• PORTRAIT OF QUIAZON FAMILY

(1800) IV.AMERICAN
- Simon Flores's painting, his painting
documents the family's affluence: the
COLONIAL PERIOD
magnificent interior of family's home,
mother jewelry, delicate fabric, etc.
(1898-1940) to the

•Primeras Letras (1890)

Postwar Republic
- features a woman teaching a child
how to read.
(1946-1969)
MAJOR ART MOVEMENTS
• LETRAS Y FIGURAS Philippines
- Attention to details in painting can be - Independence gained after the revolution of
observed in this art. Combining names 1896 was cut short with the establishment of
of individuals and vignettes of everyday the American colonial government.
life. • Treaty of Paris (1898)
- Spain surrendered the Ph to the United
ACADEMIC PAINTERS States.
• Juan Luna and Felix Resurreccion • 1899-1913
Hidalgo - Bloody Philippines-American was occured.
- They recieved their art studies in local - Americans took charge initiating the natives
schools, into the American way of life, creating lasting
influence on Filipino culture.
•Juan Luna
-won gold medal for his Spoliarium. • Sedition Law (1898)
•Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo -banned the writing, printing, andpublication
-won silver for his Virgenes Christiana’s that is advocating
Expuestas Al Populacho. - Philippine independence, and engaging in
activities which championed this cause.
• Damian Domingo
-1821, the painter known for his AMERICAN COLONIAL
watercolor albums of tipos del pais PERIOD PLAYS
established the 1st art school in the • Drama Simbolico
country right at his studio in Binondo, -these one-act plays came to represent a
Manila. deep and profound yearning of freedom.
 Parsons)
• The Beggars -inspired by the City Beautiful Movement
-an example of not a medium of Political introduced in 1893 at Chicago World fair, new
protest during American colonization. urban employed Neoclassic Architecture for
its government edifices, integrated parks and
American Colonial period. Plays echoed not lawns to make city attractive by making
only the nationalist sentiments of their buildings impressive.
playwrights but also served as medium for
political protest, openly attacking Americans. FILIPINO ARCHITECTS
The following are the medium for political • Tomas Mapua
political protest with their playwrights: • Juan Arellano
• Andres Luna de San Pedro
• Juan Abad •Antonio Toledo
-Tanikalang Guinto/Golden
Chain (1902) They designed buildings during the period
• Juan Matapang Cruz and received training in US and Europe.
- Hindi Ako Patay or I'm not
Dead (1903) •1909
• Aurelio Tolentino -Year of establishment of the University of the
- Kahapon, Ngayon, at Bukas/ Yesterday, Philippines, it's School of Fine Arts was
Today and Tomorrow (1903) opened.
-Fabian de La Rosa, succeeded the
• Vaudeville (1920) peninsulares Rafael Enriquez as director.
-originated from France, another form of
theater which the Americans introduced and •Peninsulares
became popular in Philippines. - Is the term used particularly during the
-Locally known bodabil, collection of colonial period to refer-born Spaniards as
slapsticks, songs, dances, acrobatics, comedy resident of the Philippines.
skits chorus, magic acts and stand up comics,
• Fabian De la Rosa
Americans zealously taught their language -was known for his naturalist paintings
through an efficient public school system characterized by restraint and formality in
unlike Spanish. brushwork, choice of colors, and subject
• Linqua Franca matter, is seen in the works Planting Rice
-mixed of Italian and French, Greek, Arabic (1921) and El Kundiman (1930).
and Spanish, formerly used in the Levant.
-A common language, trade language or a • FERDINANDO AMORSOLO
bridge language. -Was known for his romantic paintings that
captured the warm glow of Philippines
• A Modern Filipina (1951) sunlight.
-authored by Lino Catellijo and Jesus Araullo -A prolific artist, produced numerous portraits
-1st Filipino play written in English. of prominent individuals; genres highlighting
the beauty of Dalagang Filipina, idyllic
•Burnham Plan (Architect William landscapes; and historical paintings.
-Graphic artist who rendered drawings for
textbooks series The Independent Philippine.
•KALIBAPI
Readers as well as illustrations For newspaper -stands for Kapisanan sa
The Independent. Paglilingkod ng Bagong
- He designed the logo of Ginebra San Pilipinas.
Miguel, depicting the saint trampling on the -this is an award and art
devil, won for him a grant that enabled him to competition during Japanese
study Fine Arts in Spain. - He was declared as Occupation.
National artist in 1972. •Shin-Seiki
• GUILLERMO TOLENTINO - Japanese sponsored
- Studied fine arts at Rome and was publication.
influenced by its classical arts. •Liwayway and Tribune
- Oblation (1935, original/1958, bronze cast - newspapers and magazines.
found at the UP Oblation Plaza) of UP and the • Felipe P. de Leon
Bonifacio Monument, 1933 in Caloocan. - composer and National artist
-Proclaimed as National artist in 1973. was said to have been
commanded at the point of the
• VICTORIO EDADES gun to write “Awit sa paglikha
- His homecoming exhibition in 1928 at the ng Bagong Pilipinas.”
Philippine
- Columbian Club unveiled paintings departed •Fernando Amorsolo
from Amorsolos conservative style when he - his painting Harvest
painted, “The Builders”, 1928. Scene(1942) and Rice Planting
- This showed distorted figures of toiling (1042), evoked a semblance of
workers using dull colors. this sparked a peace.
debate between artist artists espousing the
conservative idiom, the camp

V. JAPANESE
OCCUPATION (1941-
1945)