FUNCTIONAL ENGLISH

Content: Writing the Speech

Part I. Preparation:
Language Choice also known as diction. Refers to the choice of words and style of expression in
speech or writing.
Types of Diction
Formal Diction the use of sophisticated language that is free of slang and colloquialism.
Formal Language formal language choices are typically grammatically correct and use complex
sentence structures and vocabulary.
Informal Language is more like a conversation and is used more often in narrative literature.
Use of Transitional Phrases for Coherence and Unity
Unity means oneness. A paragraph has unity when all its sentences relate to the topic. An essay
has unity when each paragraph relates to the main idea Coherence means orderly arrangement
of ideas.
HOW TO ACHIEVE A COHERENT PARAGRAPH
Order your sentences
-Use time order
-Spatial Order
-General to particular
-Particular to general
-Order of importance
Use transitional words to show the relationship among the ideas presented.
-After this/that
-On the other hand
-Later on
- The next day
The Superb Speech Sandwich
Browse through the following photos:
Photo A

Photo B
Photo C

Part II Presentation: Read through the ff:

https://www.wikihow.com/Write-a-Speech-Outline

How to Write a Speech Outline

Co-authored by Emily Listmann, MA

Last Updated: December 2, 2019 References Approved
A speech outline can increase your confidence and help you keep your place
so you sound authoritative and in control. As you write your speech outline,
focus on how you'll introduce yourself and your topic, the points you'll cover,
and the interests of your audience

Crafting Your Introduction

1.

1
Start with a greeting. The first thing people want to know when you stand
to speak is who you are. If someone else has introduced you, take the time
to thank them as well as anyone responsible for organizing the event or
inviting you to speak.[1]
 Keep in mind you may be nervous when you start your speech.
Include this in your outline so you won't forget.
 If there's anything about you that relates you to your audience,
or to the group that organized the event, you want to include that in
your brief greeting as well – especially if you didn't have the benefit
of an introduction from someone else.
 For example, you might say "Good afternoon. I'm Sally Sunshine,
and I've been a volunteer with the Springfield Animal Society for five
years. I'm honored they've invited me to speak here today about the
importance of spaying or neutering your pets."
2.
2

Open your speech with an attention-getter. You want to grab their

attention and hold on to their attention throughout the whole speech. This
could be a joke, a personal story, or an interesting observation on your topic
that doesn't really fit elsewhere in your speech.[2]
 When choosing your attention-getter, keep your audience in
mind. Think about what would grab their attention – not necessarily
what you personally find interesting or humorous.
 If you're not sure whether your attention-getter will work, try
practicing it in front of friends or family members who are similar in
age and interests to the people who will be in the audience when you
give your speech.
 For example, if you're giving a speech on spaying and neutering
pets to a group of suburban families, you might open with a
humorous reference to the Disney movie "101 Dalmatians."
3.

3
Give your audience a reason to listen to your speech. In this part of
your introduction, you'll transition from your attention-getting anecdote into
the subject matter of the speech itself. This section should only be a
sentence or two.[3]
 Briefly explain the importance of the topic or issue you'll be
discussing in your speech.
 If your speech is an informative one, explain why the information
is important or relevant to your audience.
 For argumentative speeches, explain what might happen if
action isn't taken on the issue.
 For example, you might say "Every year, our local animal shelter
has to put down 500 unwanted cats and dogs. If all pets were spayed
and neutered, it's estimated this number would decrease to under
100."
4.

4
Present your thesis statement. Your thesis statement, broadly, tells the
audience the scope of your speech. The structure and content of this
statement will vary based on the type of speech you're giving.[4]
 If you're giving an argumentative speech, your thesis statement
will be a statement of the ultimate point you hope to prove through
the information and evidence you lay out in your speech.
  For example, the thesis statement for a speech arguing that all
pet owners should spay or neuter their pets might be "Our entire
community would benefit if all pets were spayed or neutered."
 The thesis statement for a more informative speech will simply
summarize the type of information you're going to provide the
audience through your speech.
 For a more scientific speech, your thesis statement will reflect
the hypothesis of the scientific study you're presenting in your
speech.
5.

5
Establish your credibility. You've made your point, but now you need to
let the audience know why they should listen to you. Credibility doesn't
necessarily have to be as formal as a specific degree or years of research – it
could be a personal story.[5]
 If you're giving a speech for a class in school, your "credibility"
may be as simple as the fact that you took the class and researched
the topic.
 However, if you have a more personalized interest in the topic of
your speech, this is a good time to mention that.
 For an argumentative speech, a personal connection to the
subject matter can enhance your credibility. For example, maybe
you're giving a speech about local urban housing policy and you
became interested in the topic when you learned your family was
facing eviction. A personal connection often can mean more to
members of your audience than extensive professional experience in
the area.
6.

6
Preview your main points. Now that the audience knows what you're
going to talk about, why you're going to talk about it, and why they should
listen to you, give them a neat summary of the points you're going to make
during your speech.[6]
 There's no hard and fast rule, but speeches typically have three
main points. You should list them in your introduction in the order
you plan to present them in your speech. The order in which you
discuss your points depends on the type of speech you're giving.
 For example, your speech on spaying or neutering pets might
address the benefits to the pet first, then the benefit to the pet's
family, then the benefit to the community at large. This starts small
and moves outward.
 For an argumentative speech, you typically want to lead with
your strongest argument and work down in order of strength.
  If you're giving an informative speech based on a historical
event, you may want to provide your points chronologically. Other
informative speeches may be better served by starting with the
broadest point and moving to more narrow points.
 Ultimately, you want to order your points in a way that feels
natural to you and will enable you to easily transition from one point
to another.

Part2
Building the Body of Your Speech
1.

1
State your first point. The outline of the body of your speech will begin
with the first point you intend to make in your speech. Write out a smooth
transition from your introduction into the body of your speech.[7]
 Your first point will be a top-level entry on your outline, typically
noted by a Roman numeral.
 Beneath that top-level, you will have a number of sub-points
which are comments, statistics, or other evidence supporting that
point. Depending on how your outline is formatted, these typically
will be letters or bullet points.
2.

2
Present your supporting evidence or arguments. Beneath your first
point, you'll list specific evidence or facts you want to mention in your
speech that support the point. This could include dates, statistics, or quotes
from sources.[8]
 As with the points themselves, with your evidence you typically
want to start with the strongest or most important sub-point or piece
of evidence and move down. This way, if you start running short on
time, you can easily cut the last points without worrying that you're
leaving out something important.
 The type of evidence or sub-points you'll want to include will
depend on the type of speech you're giving.
 Try to avoid pounding your audience with long series of numbers
or statistics – they typically won't retain the information. If you have
a significant amount of numerical data or statistics, creating an
infographic you can project during your presentation may be more
useful.
 Keep in mind that additional personal stories or anecdotes can
be particularly effective to get your point across in a speech.
 For example, if your first point in your speech about spaying or
neutering pets is that the procedure benefits the pets themselves,
 you might point out that pets that are spayed or neutered live
longer, are at a decreased risk for certain types of cancer, and are
generally more healthy than pets who aren't spayed or neutered.
3.

3
Transition to your next point. After you've finished all the information
you want to include for your first point, go back to the top level and find a
smooth way to transition from that point to your second point in a sentence
or two.[9]
 Avoid over-thinking your transition. It really doesn't need to be
incredibly sophisticated. If you can't come up with anything specific,
using a simple transitional phrase will work fine.
 For example, you might say "Now that I've discussed how
spaying and neutering has a positive effect on your pet's health, I
want to move to the effect that spaying and neutering has on your
family."
 Some of the most effective transitions turn on a particular word
or phrase, such as the word "effect" in the example above.
4.

4
Repeat the same process for all remaining points. Your outline will look
much the same for the remaining two (or more) points you plan to cover in
your speech. Start with a top-level outline point that provides a topic
sentence of the point, then follow it with three or four-lettered or bulleted
sub-points of facts in support.[10]
 When choosing your sub-points or the facts that you want to
emphasize in your speech, keep your audience in mind as well as the
overall point. Think about what's important to them, or what they
potentially would find most surprising or most interesting.

Part3
Creating Your Closing
1.

1
Provide a smooth transition. Now that you've finished the body of your
speech, you need an effective transitional sentence that will signal to your
audience that you're reaching the end of your speech.[11]
  This transition doesn't need to be fancy – it doesn't even have to
be a whole sentence. You can simply say "In conclusion," and then
launch into your summary.
2.

2
Summarize the points you've discussed. Speech coaches often describe
a speech's organization as "tell them what you're going to say, say it, then
tell them what you said." Start your conclusion by telling your audience what
you told them in your speech.[12]
 You don't need to go into detail here – you're just reinforcing
what you've already told your audience.
 Make sure you don't introduce any new information in your
closing summary.
 For example, you might say "As you've seen, spaying or
neutering your pet has substantial benefits not only for you and your
pet, but also for the community at large."
3.

3
Restate your thesis statement. This version of your thesis statement
should sound more like a conclusion or an ultimate finding than the
hypothesis it may have been in your introduction.[13]
 If your speech went well, you have fully proven your thesis and
demonstrated its importance. This statement should relate back to
the summary of your points and present a strong statement.
 Particularly for brief speeches, you can even combine your
summary of points with your thesis statement in a single sentence
that wraps up your speech.
 For example, you might say "Given the benefits to your pet's
health, to your family, and to the overall well-being of your
community, it is clear that spaying or neutering pets should be a top
priority for all pet owners."
4.

4
Leave your audience something to remember. To close out your
speech, think of something on the same note as the attention-getter you
used to open your speech. It could be an anecdote or a humorous
restatement of the importance of the issue.[14]
 You may want to think of a way to bring the entire speech back
around to that story you initially told to grab your audience's
attention.
 If you have an argumentative or similar speech, your closing
lines typically will include a call to action. Give your audience an
 example of how important the subject of your speech is, and implore
them to act on the information you gave them in a specific way.
 When making a call to action, make sure you include specific
details, such as where to go, who to contact, and when to act.
 For example, you might say "For the next week, the Springfield
Animal Society will be spaying and neutering pets for free at their
clinic on 123 Main Street. Call 555-555-5555 to make an
appointment for your furry friend today!"
5.

5
Thank the audience and anyone who invited you. Thanking the
audience for listening to you demonstrates that you respect them and value
their time. If you were specifically invited to speak by a particular individual
or organization, you should also mention them again.
 Particularly if your speech was longer or if you went over the
time allotted, be sure to tell them that you appreciate their time.
 As with your initial greeting, including this in your outline ensures
you won't forget it in the moment. That doesn't mean you should try
to write something verbatim. Rather, you should focus on your
thanks being more off-the-cuff and sincere.
6.

6
Note time for questions. Speak with the organizers of the event
beforehand and find out if you can (or should) invite any questions from the
audience about your speech. If you intend to provide time for questions, note
this on your outline so you won't forget to mention it at the end of your
speech.[15]
 If you want to establish parameters for the questions, be sure to
list these in your outline so you can mention them when you
announce that you're open for questions.
 Anticipate questions that may be asked dependent on your
speech topic. Preemptively answer those questions and include them
in your outline.
 You also should note if you only have a specified period of time
for questions, or if you're only taking a set number of questions.

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Practice: Browse through some sample best written speeches then watch the video links of
some best speeches. Create the speech outline and write the draft then with a partner do the
evaluative feedback on your respective works.
Facilitator:
Ruffa May Cañete
Gracy Mae Del Mar
Joy Dahunan Mancho
Angelo Tirando Ruiz
Laika Mae Sinangote