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Science TB Class III Final - Compressed

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

54 views138 pages

Science TB Class III Final - Compressed

Uploaded by

mdkibriajoy

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

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Z…Zxq †kªwYi cvV¨cy¯ÍKiƒ‡c wba©vwiZ

cÖv_wgK weÁvb
Z…Zxq †kªwY
(cixÿvg~jK ms¯‹iY)

iPbv I m¤cv`bv wkí m¤cv`bv

W. RyjwdKvi nvmvb Lvb nv‡kg Lvb
gynv¤§` Avwbmy¾vgvb
†gvt gvRnviyj nK
Ac~e© Kzgvi wek¦vm
weRq ReŸvi
W. †gvnv¤§` b~iyj evkvi

RvZxq wk¶v g I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW©, evsjv‡`k

RvZxq wk¶v g I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW©, evsjv‡`k
69-70, gwZwSj evwYwR¨K GjvKv, XvKv-1000
KZ©…K cÖKvwkZ

[cÖKvkK KZ…©K me©m¦Z¡ msiw¶Z]

cÖ_g gy`ªY: , 2023

wPÎv b
mygb gwjøK
MÖvwdK&m
Rwniyj Bmjvg f‚Tv †mZz

wWRvBb
RvZxq wk¶v g I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW©, evsjv‡`k

cÖv_wgK I MYwk¶v gš¿Yvj‡qi Aaxb PZz_© cÖv_wgK wk¶v Dbœqb Kg©m~wPi AvIZvq
MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k miKvi KZ©…K webvg~‡j¨ weZi‡Yi Rb¨
gy`ª‡Y:
cÖm K_v
wkkyi g‡bvRMr GK Acvi we¯§‡qi jxjvf‚wg| bvbv iwOb Kíbvi †Ljv P‡j †mLv‡b| †mB RM‡Z wk¶v‡K
mg„ Ki‡Z `vk©wbK, g‡bvweÁvbx, wkkywe‡klÁ I wk¶vwe`‡ì fve‡Z nq Aweivg| wkkyi Acwimxg †KŠZ‚nj,
we¯§q, Avb›`, AvMÖn I D`¨‡gi h_vh_ eënvi K‡i me©v xY weKvk mvab Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| wkkyi mw q I
AwfÁZvwfwËK wkLb cwiKíbv K‡i Zvi mvgwMÖK weKvk wbwðZ Kivi j‡¶¨ cwigvwR©Z wk¶v g 2021
cÖYqb Kiv nq|
gvbbxq cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbvi wb‡`©‡k 2009 mvj †_‡K miKvi cÖvK&-cÖv_wgK ¯Íi †_‡K `kg †kÖwY ch©šÍ
wk¶vi mKj kvLvq cvV¨cy¯ÍK webvg~‡j¨ weZi‡Yi hyMvšÍKvix Kvh© g kyiy K‡i| Zuvi wb‡`©kbv Abyhvqx
AvR‡Ki wk¶v_©x‡K hy‡Mvc‡hvMx wk¶vq wkw¶Z Kivi j‡¶¨ RvZxq wk¶v g I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW© GB wk¶v ‡g
êwk¦K I vbxq Pvwn`v, PZz_© wkíwecøe, GmwWwR 2030 Ges evsjv‡`‡ki wfkb 2041-†K mvg‡b †i‡L wkLb
†hvM¨ZvMy‡jv‡K mvwR‡q‡Q †hLv‡b wewfbœ mw q I AwfÁZvwfwËK wkLb AšÍf©z Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Z…Zxq †kÖwYi wk¶v_©xi Rb¨ cÖYxZ ÔcÖv_wgK weÁvbÕ cvV¨cy¯ÍKwU cÖYqbKv‡j PZy_© wkíwecø‡ei m¤¢vebv Ges
P¨v‡jÄmg~n we‡ePbvq wb‡q êwk¦K bvMwiK wn‡m‡e wk¶v_©x‡K M‡o †Zvjvi j‡¶¨ cwigvwR©Z wk¶v ‡g
GKwesk kZvãxi `¶Zv, we‡kl K‡i mvgvwRK-Av‡eMxq `¶Zvmg~n, GKxf~Z g~j¨‡ev‡ai weKvk, Awf‡hvRb
Ges ‰eÁvwbK `„w fw i Ici we‡kl MyiyZ¡ Av‡ivc Kiv n‡q‡Q| welqe¯Íy wbe©vP‡b wk¶v_©xi Kv‡Q cwi‡ek,
ev¯Íe AwfÁZv, weÁv‡bi †gŠwjK aviYv, cÖw qvKiY `¶Zv I cÖhyw i beZi Avwe vi BZ¨vw` welq we‡ePbvq
†bIqv n‡q‡Q| weÁv‡bi weg~Z© welqMy‡jv mnR‡eva¨ I `„k¨gvb Kivi Rb¨ bZyb cvV¨cy¯Í‡K ch©vß Qwe/wPÎ/
cÖ`k©b/cix¶Y BZ¨vw` eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q| wk¶v_©xi wPšÍb `¶Zv e„w Ges mw q wkLb wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨
cvV¨cy¯Í‡K wewfbœ ai‡bi MÖvwdK AM©vbvBRvi eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q|
GB cvV¨cy¯ÍK iPbv I cÖKvkbvi wewfbœ av‡ci †jLK, m¤úv`K, †hŠw K g~j¨vqbKvix, mgš^qK, gy`ªY I
cÖKvkbvq mnvqZvKvix‡ì Ae`vb cvV¨cy¯ÍKwU‡K mg„ I cwic~Y© K‡i‡Q| GB cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki Z_¨ I
†hvMv‡hvM Aa¨v‡qi Ôh‡š¿i fvlv - wb‡`©kbv ev †KvW Kx?Õ AskwU iPbv I m¤úv`bv K‡i‡Qb Aa¨vcK KziivZyj
Av‡qb md`vi, Aa¨vcK gybvweŸi †nv‡mb, †gvt †Mvjvg †gv¯Ídv, W. †gvnv¤§` b~iyj evkvi, W. †gvt b~i-B-Avjg
wmwÏKx, gybxi nvmvb, †gvt AvdRvj †nv‡mb mviIqvi I gvRnviyj Bmjvg Lvb| Zvu‡ì cÖwZI iBj we‡kl
K…ZÁZv I abëv`| ¯^í mg‡q cÖYq‡bi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z GB cvV¨cy¯Í‡K hw` †Kv‡bv fzj-ÎywU †_‡K hvq, Zvn‡j
†m e¨vcv‡i †hŠw K I MVbg~jK civgk© Aek¨B cÖksmvi m‡ we‡ewPZ n‡e| cÖf‚Z m¤¢vebvi Avavi wkky‡ì
h_vh_ I hy‡Mvc‡hvMx wkL‡bi Rb¨ GB cvV¨cy¯ÍKwUi eënvi †hb djcÖm~ nq †mB cÖZ¨vkv KiwQ|

cÖ‡dmi †gvt dinv`yj Bmjvg

†Pqvig¨vb
RvZxq wk¶v g I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW©, evsjv‡`k
cÖv_wgK weÁvb cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki êwk ¨mg~n
1. wk¶v_©x-wk¶Kev e:
wkL‡bi welqe¯Íy wk¶v_©xi e„w i ¯Íi we‡ePbvq †i‡L web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q|
welqe¯Íy wbe©vP‡b wk¶v_©xi c~e©Ávb Ges ev¯Íe Rxe‡bi AwfÁZvi Dci we‡kl MyiyZ¡ †Ìqv n‡q‡Q|
†kªwY Dc‡hvMx, mnR I mvejxj fvlvq welqe¯Íy eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
¯ú wk‡ivbvg, Dcwk‡ivbvg Ges ch©vß iwOb Qwe/wPÎ eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q|
weÁv‡bi weg~Z© welqMy‡jv‡K iwOb Qwe/wPÎ Ges h_vh_ eY©bvi gva¨‡g †evaMg¨ Dcv‡q Dc vcb
Kiv n‡q‡Q|
wKQz cÖZxK eënvi K‡i welqe¯Íy‡K AvKl©Yxq Kiv n‡q‡Q|
wkky‡ì AvMÖn m„w I wPšÍvg~jK Kv‡R DrmvwnZ Kivi Rb¨ `ywU PwiÎ eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q|
cÖwZwU Aa¨vqmswkø bZzb êÁvwbK cwifvlv iwOb I †gvUv A¶‡i †jLv n‡q‡Q|
cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki †k‡l kã‡Kvl mshy Kiv n‡q‡Q, †hLv‡b weÁv‡bi bZzb kãMy‡jvi mnR e¨vL¨v †Ìqv
n‡q‡Q|

2. Abym vbg~jK Ges mw q wkL‡b MyiyZ¡ cÖ`vb:

Abym vbg~jK, mgm¨v mgvavbwfwËK Ges mw q wkL‡b MyiyZ¡ cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ cÖwZwU cvV GKwU
g~j cÖkœ ev Key Question Gi gva¨‡g kyiy n‡q‡Q|
cÖwZwU KvR ev cix¶‡Yi †k‡l Kv‡Ri mvims‡¶c ev cix¶vi djvdj Dc vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
mvims‡¶c/djvd‡ji †k‡l ÔAv‡iv wKQz RvwbÕ wk‡ivbv‡gi Av‡jv‡K ch©vß Z_¨ ms‡hvRb Kiv
n‡q‡Q|
wk¶v_©xi wkLb `„k¨gvb Kiv, wkLb`¶Zv Dbœqb Ges mw q wkLb wbwðZ Kivi j‡¶¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq
†¶‡Î wkLb msMVK (MÖvwdK AM©vbvBRvi) ms‡hvRb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
cÖ‡qvRbxq †¶‡Î cix¶Y-mswkø mnRjf¨ weKí DcKiY e¨env‡ii wb‡`©kbv †`Iqv n‡q‡Q|
wk¶v_©xi myweb¨¯Í Ges m~²wPšÍb `¶Zvi weKv‡ki Rb¨ cvV¨cy¯Í‡K †KvwWs welqwU ms‡hvRb Kiv
n‡q‡Q|

3. wk¶v_©xi mvwe©K weKv‡k MyiyZ¡ cÖ`vb:

nv‡Z-Kj‡g Kv‡Ri ch©vß my‡hvM ivLv n‡q‡Q hvi gva¨‡g weÁv‡bi wewfbœ cÖw qvKiY `¶Zv †hgb:
ch©‡e¶Y, cix¶Y, ZzjbvKiY, cwigvcKiY BZ¨vw` AR©‡b mnvqK|
wk¶v_©x‡ì †hvMv‡hvM `¶Zv, cÖKvk Kivi ¶gZv Ges BwZevPK `„w fw MV‡bi Rb¨ `jMZ Ges
†Rvovq Av‡jvPbvg~jK Kv‡Ri cÖeZ©b Kiv n‡q‡Q|
m~wPcÎ
Aa¨vq b¤î welqe¯Íy c„ôv
Aa¨vq 1 Dw™¢` cwiwPwZ 1 - 10
Aa¨vq 2 cÖvYx cwiwPwZ 11 - 22
Aa¨vq 3 my¯^v‡ ï Rb¨ Lv`¨ 23 - 36
Aa¨vq 4 c`v_© 37 - 54
Aa¨vq 5 kw 55 - 62
Aa¨vq 6 e¯Íyi Dci e‡ji cÖfve 63 - 71
Aa¨vq 7 cvwb 72 - 84
Aa¨vq 8 gvwU 85 - 98
Aa¨vq 9 Rxe‡bi Rb¨ m~h© 99 - 108
Aa¨vq 10 cÖhyw i m‡ cwiPq 109 - 117
Aa¨vq 11 Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM 118 - 128
kã‡Kvl 129 - 131

PwiÎ Ges cÖZxK

1. PwiÎ

wnqv Ges †iRv †Zvgvi weÁvb wkL‡b wKQz Bw Z A_ev

aviYv †`‡e| G‡mv Avgiv GKm‡ weÁvb wkwL|

†iRv wnqv
2. cÖZxK
KvR: G‡mv Avgiv ch©‡e¶Y Kwi, Abym vb Kwi Ges cix¶v K‡i
†`wL!

Av‡jvPbv: P‡jv Avgiv mncvVx‡`i m‡ Av‡jvPbv Kwi!

cÖv_wgK weÁvb

Aa¨vq 1

Dw™¢` cwiwPwZ
c„w_ex‡Z bvbv iK‡gi Rxe Av‡Q| Dw™¢` GKai‡bi Rxe| Avgiv Avgv‡`i Avkcv‡k bvbv ai‡bi Dw™¢` †`L‡Z
cvB| †hgb: Avg, Rvg, †jey, †cqviv, †Mvjvc, gwiP I mwilv MvQ| GMy‡jvi AvKvi, AvK…wZ, is BZ¨vw`‡Z
wfbœZv i‡q‡Q|

1. Dw™¢‡`i wewfbœ Ask

Dw™¢` wewfbœ iK‡gi n‡jI GMy‡jvi MV‡b wKQz wgj i‡q‡Q|

Dw™¢‡`i mvaviY AskMy‡jv Kx Kx?

KvR: Dw™¢‡`i wewfbœ Ask ch©‡e¶Y

hv Ki‡Z n‡e :

1. †kªwYK‡¶i evB‡i wM‡q wKQz cwiwPZ Dw™¢` fv‡jvfv‡e ch©‡e¶Y Kwi|

2. wb‡Ri LvZvq GKwU cwiwPZ Dw™¢‡`i Qwe AvuwK|
3. Qwe‡Z Mv‡Qi cÖwZwU As‡ki bvg wjwL |
4. wb‡Ri AvuKv QwewU mncvVx‡`i AvuKv Qwei m‡ Zzjbv Kwi |

Dw™¢‡`i wewfbœ Ask Kx Kx? P‡jv, dzj I wkKo ev g~jmn

dzj, g~j Ges Dgg . . . . GKwU Dw™¢` ch©‡e¶Y Kwi!
2024

1
Dw™¢` cwiwPwZ

Dw™¢‡`i mvaviY AskMy‡jv m¤c‡K© Av‡iv wKQz Rvwb...

cÖvq me Dw™¢‡`iB g~j, Kv Ges cvZv _v‡K| wKQz wKQz Dw™¢‡` Avevi dzj I dj _v‡K|

g~j
Dw™¢‡`i g~j ev wkKo mvaviYZ gvwUi wb‡P _v‡K| g~j MvQ‡K gvwU‡Z AvU‡K iv‡L I gvwUi Dc‡ii w`‡K
†mvRv K‡i a‡i ivL‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i|

Kv
gvwUi Dc‡i Dw™¢‡`i cÖavb Ask Kv hv
g~j I Dw™¢‡`i Ab¨vb¨ As‡ki g‡a¨ ms‡hvM
vcb K‡i| G‡Z kvLv-cÖkvLv, cvZv, dzj
I dj _v‡K|

cvZv
AwaKvsk Dw™¢‡`i cvZv P¨vÞv I meyR n‡q _v‡K| cvZv g~jZ GKwU e„šÍ
ev †evuUv, GKwU cÎdjK Ges wkiv-Dcwkiv Øviv MwVZ|

dzj
dzj Dw™¢‡`i we‡kl ai‡bi
Ask| hv mvaviYZ iwOb nq|
wewfbœ Dw™¢‡` wewfbœ AvKvi,
AvK…wZ, I wewfbœ e‡Y©i dzj nq|
me Dw™¢‡`i dzj _v‡K bv|

2
cÖv_wgK weÁvb

2. Dw™¢‡`i wewfbœ As‡ki KvR

B‡Zvg‡a¨ Avgiv Dw™¢‡ì wewfbœ Ask m¤c‡K© †R‡bwQ| cÖwZwU AskB Dw™¢‡ì Rb¨ MyiyZ¡c~Y©| Dw™¢‡ì g~j,
Kv , cvZv, dzj I dj cÖwZwU As‡kiB mywbw`© KvR i‡q‡Q|

Dw™¢‡`i wewfbœ As‡ki KvR Kx Kx?

KvR : Kv‡ i gva¨‡g cvwb cwienY ch©‡e¶Y

hv Ki‡Z n‡e :

1. wb‡P †`Iqv Mv‡Qi QwewU fv‡jvfv‡e j¶ Kwi Ges Kx cwieZ©b nq Zv ch©‡eÿY Kwi|
2. cwieZ©‡bi KviY Kx Zv wb‡q wPšÍv Kwi|
3. Mv‡Qi Kv Kxfv‡e KvR K‡i Zv wb‡q mncvVx‡`i m‡ Av‡jvPbv Kwi|

6-7 NÈv ci --->

wPÎ- K wPÎ- L

Av”Qv jvj i‡Oi †`‡Lv! dzj I cvZvi eY© ev is cwiewZ©Z

cvwb Kx Mv‡Qi n‡q jvj i‡Oi cvwbi g‡Zv n‡q wM‡q‡Q|
cvZvq Avm‡e?
2024

Zvi gv‡b . . .

3
Dw™¢` cwiwPwZ

mvims‡¶c

Kv‡ i gva¨‡g cvwb Dw™¢‡`i wewfbœ As‡k cwievwnZ nq|

Dw™¢‡`i wewfbœ As‡ki KvR m¤c‡K© Av‡iv wKQz Rvwb...

Dw™¢` Zvi †`‡ni wewfbœ Ask e¨envi K‡i wb‡Ri †gŠwjK Pvwn`vMy‡jv c~iY K‡i _v‡K| †hgb: gvwU †_‡K
g~‡ji mvnv‡h¨ cvwb I cyw Dcv`vb msMÖn K‡i| Dw™¢‡`i cÖwZwU As‡ki KvR mywbw`© Ges GK As‡ki KvR
Ab¨ Ask †_‡K wfbœ|

dzj
dzj n‡jv Dw™¢‡`i GKwU
Ask hv †_‡K exR Drcbœ cvZv
nq| exR ecb Kiv n‡j
cvZv Dw™¢‡`i e„w i Rb¨
Zv †_‡K GKmgq bZzb
Lv`¨ ˆZwi K‡i| Lv`¨
PvivMvQ Drcbœ nq|
ˆZwii Rb¨ Dw™¢` m~h© †_‡K
Av‡jvK kw MÖnY K‡i|
GQvov cvZv Dw™¢`‡K evqy
MÖnY Ki‡Z I Z¨vM Ki‡Z
mvnvh¨ K‡i|

Kv
Kv‡ i gva¨‡g Dw™¢` Zvi
cÖ‡qvRbxq cvwb I cyw Dcv`vb
†`‡ni wewfbœ As‡k †cŠu‡Q
†`q| GQvovI GwU m¤c~Y© MvQ
I cvZvMy‡jv‡K a‡i iv‡L| g~j
g~j/wkKo gvwU †_‡K cvwb
I cyw Dcv`vb MÖnY K‡i
Ges gvwUi m‡ Dw™¢`‡K
AvuK‡o a‡i iv‡L|
2024

4
cÖv_wgK weÁvb

3. Kv‡ i Dci wfwË K‡i Dw™¢‡`i †kªwYwefvM

Dw™¢‡`i wewfbœ As‡ki g‡a¨ GKwU Ask n‡jv Kv | me Mv‡Qi Kv wK GKB iKg, bvwK Avjv`v?

Kv‡ i Dci wfwË K‡i Kxfv‡e Dw™¢‡`i †kªwYwefvM Kiv hvq?

KvR: Kv‡ i wfwË‡Z Dw™¢‡`i Zzjbv Kiv

hv Ki‡Z n‡e :
1. wb‡P †`Lv‡bv Qwei g‡Zv K‡i LvZvq GKwU QK ˆZwi K‡iv|

wgj Awgj

2. QweMy‡jv fv‡jvfv‡e j¶ Kwi| Dfq Mv‡Qi Kv ch©‡e¶Y Kwi Ges wgj I Awgj LvZvq AvuKv Q‡K
wjwL|
3. Awg‡ji wfwË‡Z Kxfv‡e Dw™¢‡`i †kªwYwefvM Kiv hvq Zv wb‡q mncvVx‡`i m‡ Av‡jvPbv Kwi |

AvKvi, AvK…wZ I eY©/is ch©‡e¶‡Yi

wfwË‡Z GB `ywU Mv‡Qi Zzjbv Kiv
hvq| GQvov Avi Ab¨ Kxfv‡e Avgiv
Dw™¢`My‡jvi g‡a¨ Zzjbv Ki‡Z cvwi?

2024

5
Dw™¢` cwiwPwZ

mvims‡ÿc

me Dw™¢‡`i Kv GK iKg bq| Kv‡ i is, Kv k ev big I AvKv‡ii g‡a¨ wfbœZv i‡q‡Q|

Kv‡ i wfbœZvi Dci wfwË K‡i Dw™¢‡`i †kªwYweb¨vm m¤c‡K© Av‡iv wKQz Rvwb...

Kv‡ i Dci wfwË K‡i Avgiv Dw™¢‡`i †kªwYweb¨vm Ki‡Z cvwi|

†hgb: weiyr, Myj¥ Ges e„ÿ|

weiyr
wKQz Dw™¢‡`i Kv big, wPKb I meyR e‡Y©i nq| big I meyR Kv
wewk Dw™¢`‡K ejv nq weiyr †kªwYi Dw™¢`| avb, mwilv, U‡g‡Uv, gwiP
weiyr †kªwYi Dw™¢`| weiyr Dw™¢` Myj¥ Dw™¢‡`i †P‡q AvKv‡i †Qv‡Uv nq|
GMy‡jvi g~j ev wkKo gvwUi Dc‡ii ¯Í‡i _v‡K|

Myj¥
†Mvjvc, i b, Rev Myj¥ †kªwYi Dw™¢`| Gme Dw™¢‡`i Kv k wKš‘
e„‡¶i Zzjbvq AvKv‡i †QvU| Kv‡ i †Mvovi KvQ †_‡KB kvLv-cÖkvLv
†ei nq| GMy‡jvi g~j ev wkKo gvwUi †ewk Mfx‡i hvq bv|

e„¶
AvKv‡i `xN© I k cÖK…wZi Kv wewk Dw™¢`‡K ejv
nq e„¶| Kv †_‡K kvLv-cÖkvLv I cvZv nq| GMy‡jvi
g~j gvwUi A‡bK Mfx‡i hvq| Avg, KvuVvj, †ej BZ¨vw` e„¶
†kªwYi Dw™¢`|
2024

6
cÖv_wgK weÁvb

4. dz‡ji Dcw wZi Dci wfwË K‡i Dw™¢‡`i †kªwYweb¨vm

Avgiv Rvbjvg †h, Kv‡ i Dci wfwË K‡i Dw™¢‡`i †kªwYweb¨vm Kiv hvq| dz‡ji Dci wfwË K‡i Avgiv
Dw™¢‡`i †kªwYweb¨vm Ki‡Z cvwi wK?

dz‡ji Dcw wZi Dci wfwË K‡i Kxfv‡e Dw™¢`‡K wewfbœ †kªwY‡Z fvM Kiv hvq?

KvR: dz‡ji wfwË‡Z Dw™¢‡`i †kªwYweb¨vm

hv Ki‡Z n‡e :
1. wb‡P †`Lv‡bv Q‡Ki g‡Zv K‡i LvZvq GKwU QK ˆZwi Kwi |

†Mvjvc MvQ dvb© MvQ

2. wb‡Pi QweMy‡jv fv‡jvfv‡e j¶ Kwi| LvZvq AvuKv Q‡K †Mvjvc MvQ I dvb© Mv‡Qi wewfbœ As‡ki bvg wjwL |
3. QKwU ˆZwi Kivi ci ˆZwiK…Z Q‡Ki wfwË‡Z wb‡Pi cÖkœwUi DËi wPšÍv Kwi: †Mvjvc MvQ I dvb© Mv‡Qi
wewfbœ Ask †`L‡Z wK GKB iKg, bvwK Avjv`v?
4. mncvVx‡ì m‡ gZwewbgq Kwi|
5. dz‡ji Dcw wZi wfwË‡Z Kxfv‡e Dw™¢‡ì †kªwYweb¨vm Kiv hvq Zv wb‡q mncvVx‡ì m‡ Av‡jvPbv Kwi|

Zzwg wK KL‡bv dvb©

Mv‡Qi dzj †`‡LQ?

†Mvjvc I dvb©
†Mvjvc I dvb© Mv‡Qi
2024

mvaviY AskMy‡jv Kx Kx?

7
Dw™¢` cwiwPwZ

mvims‡¶c
†Mvjvc I dvb© Dfq Mv‡QiB g~j, Kv I cvZv i‡q‡Q| wKš‘ dvb© Mv‡Qi dzj †bB|

dzj

cvZv

Kv
g~j

†Mvjvc dvb©
†h me Dw™¢‡ì dzj nq, †mMy‡jv‡K mcy K Dw™¢` e‡j| †gvU Dw™¢‡ì g‡a¨ cÖvq 90 kZvsk Dw™¢‡ì dzj
nq| †hgb: Avg, †Mvjvc, kvcjv|
Avevi, †hme Dw™¢‡ì dzj nq bv †mMy‡jv‡K Acy K Dw™¢` e‡j| GMy‡jvi g‡a¨ AwaKvsk Dw™¢‡ì Avevm j
n‡jv Qvqvhy ev m¨vuZ‡muu‡Z kxZj vb| †hgb: gm, dvb© ev †XuwKkvK|

†XuwKkvK gm
Acy K Dw™¢`
2024

Avg kvcjv
mcy K Dw™¢`

8
cÖv_wgK weÁvb

P‡jv, cvwi wK bv †`wL|

cwiwPZ Dw™¢‡`i Qwe

1. Qwei MvQwUi K, L Ges M wPw Z As‡ki bvg I 1wU K‡i KvR Q‡K wjwL|

bvg KvR
K

M
2024

2. hw` ÔKÕ AskwU bv _v‡K, Zvn‡j MvQwUi Kx n‡e Ges †Kb n‡e?

9
Dw™¢` cwiwPwZ

3. U‡g‡Uv, Rev, KvuVvj Ges †XuwKkvK GB Dw™¢`My‡jvi ˆewk ¨ QK 1-G GK‡Î †`Iqv n‡jv| QK 1 †_‡K
Z_¨ wb‡q QK 2 c~iY Kwi Ges Dw™¢`mMy‡jvi †kªwYweb¨vm Kwi |

QK 1
Kv big/ wPKb/ k / †gvUv/ Kg †gvUv
g~j gvwUi †ewk Mfx‡i hvq/ gvwUi †ewk Mfx‡i hvq bv/Mfx‡i hvq bv
dzj nq/nq bv

QK 2
g~j Kv dzj Dw™¢‡`i †kªwY

U‡g‡Uv

Rev

KvuVvj

†XuwKkvK
2024

10
cÖv_wgK weÁvb

Aa¨vq 2

cÖvYx cwiwPwZ
c„w_ex‡Z bvbv iK‡gi Rxe Av‡Q| cÖvYx GKai‡bi Rxe| Avgiv Avgv‡`i Avkcv‡k bvbv ai‡bi cÖvYx †`L‡Z
cvB| GMy‡jvi Pjb, Lv`¨ MÖnY, †`‡ni MVb, AvKvi, AvK…wZ, is BZ¨vw`‡Z wfbœZv i‡q‡Q|

1. cÖvYx‡`‡ni wewfbœ Ask

c„w_ex‡Z A‡bK iK‡gi cÖvYx Av‡Q| wewfbœ cÖvYx‡`‡ni MVbI wfbœ| wKš‘ cÖvYx‡`i †¶‡Î wK GiKg mvaviY
†Kv‡bv ˆewk ¨ i‡q‡Q hv me cÖvYxi g‡a¨B †`Lv hvq?

cÖvYx‡`‡ni mvaviY A My‡jv Kx Kx?

KvR: cÖvYx ch©‡e¶Y

hv Ki‡Z n‡e :

1. GKwU cwiwPZ cÖvYxi Qwe AvuwK Ges †`‡ni wewfbœ A‡ i bvg wjwL|
2. QwewU e y‡`i AvuKv Qwei m‡ Zzjbv Kwi|
3. Qwei cÖvYx mvaviY A My‡jv wb‡q mncvVx‡`i m‡ Av‡jvPbv Kwi|

2024

11
cÖvYx cwiwPwZ

mvims‡¶c
cÖvYxi mvaviYZ †PvL, Kvb I gyL i‡q‡Q|

wewfbœ A m¤c‡K© Av‡iv wKQz Rvwb ...

cÖvYx‡`n wewfbœ A‡ i mgš^‡q MwVZ| wewfbœ ai‡bi cÖvYxi †`‡n wewfbœ A _v‡K|
gvQ cvwL

gv‡Qi †PvL, gyL, cvLbv, Kvb, AvuBk I dzjKv

_v‡K|
Kzwgi cvwLi †PvL, P z ev †VvuU, Kvb, Wvbv,
†jR, cvjK I cv _v‡K|

e¨vO

Kzwg‡ii †`‡n †PvL, bvK, gyL, Kvb, AvuBk, †jR I cv

_v‡K| e¨v‡Oi †PvL, bvK, gyL, Kvb, Z¡K I cv
_v‡K|
evN
2024

ev‡Ni †PvL, bvK, gyL, Kvb, †jvg ev ckg, †jR I cv _v‡K|

12
cÖv_wgK weÁvb

2. cÖvYx‡`‡ni wewfbœ A‡ i KvR

cÖvYx‡`‡ni wewfbœ A‡ i mvnv‡h¨ cÖvYxiv my I my›`ifv‡e †eu‡P _v‡K| cÖwZwU A‡ iB mywbw`© KvR i‡q‡Q|

cÖvYx‡`‡ni wewfbœ A‡ i KvR Kx?

KvR: cÖvYx‡`‡ni wewfbœ A‡ i KvR

hv Ki‡Z n‡e :
1. wb‡Pi g‡Zv K‡i LvZvq GKwU QK ˆZwi K‡iv|

†`‡ni wewfbœ A KvR

†PvL

Kvb

bvK

gyL

cvLbv

Wvbv

2. Q‡K †jLv †`‡ni wewfbœ A cÖvYx Kxfv‡e e¨envi K‡i †m m¤c‡K© wPšÍv Kwi Ges Q‡K wjwL|
3. KvRwU wb‡q mncvVx‡`i m‡ Av‡jvPbv Kwi| 2024

13
cÖvYx cwiwPwZ

mvims‡ÿc

cÖvYx‡`‡ni wewfbœ A cÖvYx Zvi wb‡Ri cÖ‡qvR‡b e¨envi K‡i| cÖvYx‡`‡ni cÖwZwU As‡ki KvR wfbœ|

cÖvYxi wewfbœ A‡ i KvR m¤c‡K© Av‡iv wKQz Rvwb ...

†`Lv Kvb: †kvbv
†PvL: †`Lv
†PvL w`‡q cÖvYx Avkcv‡ki mewKQz †`‡L| Lvevi msMÖn Ges kÎæi
Kej †_‡K i¶v cvIqvi Rb¨I cÖvYxi †Pv‡Li cÖ‡qvRb|

†kvbv
†Kv‡bvwKQz †kvbvi Rb¨ cÖvYx Kvb e¨envi K‡i| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv
cÖvYx Kv‡bi gva¨‡g Avmbœ wec` eyS‡Z cv‡i|

k¦vm MÖnY I k¦vm Z¨vM Kiv Ges NªvY †bIqv bvK: k¦vm †bIqv gyL: ¯^v` †bIqv
cÖvYx mvaviYZ bvK w`‡q k¦vm MÖnY K‡i †eu‡P _v‡K| Avevi NªvY †bIqvi †¶‡ÎI bvK e¨envi K‡i|

Lv`¨ I cvbxq MÖnY

†eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ cÖvYxi Lv`¨ I cvwbi cÖ‡qvRb nq| Lv`¨ I cvwb MÖnY Kivi Rb¨ cÖvYx mvaviYZ gyL e¨envi
K‡i|

cÖvYxi cv-Gi e¨envi

PjvPj
Lv`¨ msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ cÖvYx‡K PjvPj Ki‡Z nq| GK RvqMv †_‡K Ab¨ RvqMvq †h‡Z nq| wKQz cÖvYx Av‡Q,
2024

†hMy‡jv nvuUv, †`Šov‡bv I jvd †`qvi Kv‡R wb‡R‡ì cv eënvi K‡i| cÖvq me cvwL Wvbv eënvi K‡i I‡o|
cvwb‡Z mvuZvi KvUvi Rb¨ gvQ cvLbv eënvi K‡i|

14
cÖv_wgK weÁvb

3. cÖvYxi †kªwYweb¨vm
Kv Ges dz‡ji Dci wfwË K‡i Dw™¢`‡K wewfbœ `‡j fvM Kiv hvq| wKš‘ cÖvYx‡K Avgiv Kxfv‡e fvM Ki‡Z
cvwi?

Kxfv‡e cÖvYx‡K wewfbœ `‡j fvM Kiv hvq?

KvR: cÖvYx‡K wewfbœ `‡j wef KiY

hv Ki‡Z n‡e :
1. wb‡P †`Lv‡bv Q‡Ki g‡Zv LvZvq GKwU QK ˆZwi Kwi|

nvowewk cÖvYx nvowenxb cÖvYx

2. wb‡Pi QweMy‡jv ch©‡e¶Y Kwi| ch©‡e¶‡Yi wfwË‡Z cÖvYxMy‡jv‡K †giy` wewk I †giy` wenxb GB
`yB `‡j fvM Kwi Ges Q‡K wjwL |
3. KvRwU wb‡q mncvVx‡`i m‡ Av‡jvPbv Kwi|

2024

15
cÖvYx cwiwPwZ

mvims‡ÿc

`yB ai‡bi cÖvYx Av‡Q| †hgb- nvowewk cÖvYx Ges nvowenxb cÖvYx|

†giy` x cÖvYx
†h me cÖvYxi †giy` Av‡Q †mMy‡jv‡K †giy` x cÖvYx e‡j| G ai‡bi cÖvYxi †`‡ni Af¨šÍixY K vj
KvVv‡gv‡Z †giy` _v‡K | evN, mvc, e¨vO I gvbyl †giy` x cÖvYxi wKQz D`vniY|

cÖvYxi wc‡Vi w`‡K †Qv‡Uv †Qv‡Uv GK mvwi nvo wb‡q ˆZwi nq †giy` | †giy` cÖvYxi †`n‡K
`„p K‡i|

A‡giy` x cÖvYx
wKQz wKQz cÖvYxi †giy` _v‡K bv| †hme cÖvYxi †giy` †bB, †mMy‡jv‡K A‡giy` x cÖvYx e‡j| †Ku‡Pv,
kvgyK, KvuKov, A‡±vcvm A‡giy` x cÖvYxi wKQz D`vniY|
2024

16
cÖv_wgK weÁvb

4. †giy` x cÖvYxi †kªwYwefvM

cÖvYx‡K †giy` x I A‡giy` x GB `yB †kÖwY‡Z fvM Kiv hvq| wKš‘ †giy` x cÖvYx‡K Kx Avi Ab¨
†Kv‡bvfv‡e fvM Kiv hvq?

†giy` x cÖvYx‡`i Kxfv‡e †kªYxKiY Kiv hvq?

KvR: êwk‡ ï wfwË‡Z †giy` x cÖvYx‡ì ZzjbvKiY

hv Ki‡Z n‡e :
1. wb‡Pi Q‡Ki g‡Zv K‡i LvZvq GKwU QK ˆZwi Kwi|

ˆewk ¨ gvQ e¨vO wUKwUwK gyiMx KzKzi

Kxfv‡e PjvPj K‡i?
†Kv_vq evm K‡i?
†`n Kx Øviv Ave„Z?
wWg cv‡o, bvwK ev”Pv Rb¥ †`q?
2. wb‡Pi QweMy‡jv †`‡L cÖvwYMy‡jvi êwk ¨ g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i j¶ Kwi Ges êwk‡ ï wfwË‡Z QKwU
c~iY Kwi |
3. KvRwU wb‡q mncvVx‡ì m‡ Av‡jvPbv Kwi|

Avgiv wK ˆewk‡ ¨i wfwË‡Z wewfbœ

cÖvYxi †kªwYweb¨vm Ki‡Z cvwi?

2024

17
cÖvYx cwiwPwZ

mvims‡¶c

êwk‡ ï wfwË‡Z †giy` x cÖvYx‡ì wewfbœ `‡j ev †kªwY‡Z fvM Kiv hvq|

†giy` x cÖvYx m¤ú‡K© Av‡iv wKQz Rvwb ...

wewfbœ êwk‡ ï wfwË‡Z †giy` x cÖvYx‡ì cvuPwU `‡j fvM Kiv
hvq| †hgb: gvQ, DfPi, mixm„c, cvwL I ¯Íb¨cvqx|

gvQ
gvQ cvwb‡Z evm K‡i| Giv wWg cv‡o Ges cvLbvi mvnv‡h¨ cvwb‡Z mvuZvi
Kv‡U| †ewki fvM gv‡Qi †`n Avuk Øviv Ave„Z _v‡K|

cvwL
†ewki fvM cvwL Wvbv †g‡j Do‡Z cv‡i| GMy‡jvi †`n cvj‡K XvKv _v‡K
Ges wWg cv‡o|

18
cÖv_wgK weÁvb

5. KxUcZ ch©‡e¶Y
AwaKvsk cÖvYx KxUcZ‡ i AšÍf©y | Gme cÖvYxi mvaviY wKQz ˆewk ¨ i‡q‡Q|

KxUcZ‡ i mvaviY ˆewk ¨mg~n Kx Kx?

KvR : KxUcZ‡ i wewfbœ Ask ch©‡e¶Y

hv Ki‡Z n‡e :
1. †kªwYK‡¶i evB‡i hvB Ges †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU cZ msMÖn Kwi |
2. cZ wUi †`‡ni wewfbœ Ask ch©‡e¶Y Kwi Ges ch©‡e¶‡Yi wfwË‡Z wb‡Ri LvZvq Gi Qwe AvuwK|
3. mncvVx‡`i mvg‡b wb‡Ri AvuKv QwewU cÖ`k©b Kwi Ges cZ wUi †`‡ni wewfbœ As‡ki mvaviY
ˆewk ¨ m¤c‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kwi|

P‡jv, †cvKvwUi †`‡ni wewfbœ Ask ch©‡e¶Y Kwi!

Zvn‡j Gi †`‡ni Kx Kx Ask Avgiv †`L‡Z †cjvg?

2024

19
cÖvYx cwiwPwZ

mvims‡¶c

cZ‡ i †`‡n wewfbœ Ask i‡q‡Q| †hgb: gv_v, cv, cvLbv, †cU ev D`i BZ¨vw`|

KxUcZ‡ i †`n m¤c‡K© Av‡iv wKQz Rvwb ...

KxUcZ A‡giy` x cÖvYx| KxU I cZ DfqB †cvKv n‡jI KxU Do‡Z cv‡i bv| cÖRvcwZ, †gŠgvwQ,
WªvMbd¬vB, Nvmdwos, wcucov BZ¨vw` KxUcZ‡ i wKQz D`vniY| GMy‡jvi †`‡ni wewfbœ As‡ki g‡a¨ mvaviY
wKQz wgj i‡q‡Q|
cv
KxUcZ‡ i †`‡n mvaviYZ wZb †Rvov (QqwU) cv _v‡K|
†`‡ni wewfbœ Ask
cÖvq me KxUcZ‡ i †`‡ni g~jZ wZbwU Ask _v‡K| †hgb: g¯ÍK, e¶ I D`i|
†`‡ni AveiY
†cvKvgvK‡oi †`‡n nvo _v‡K bv| GMy‡jvi †`n GK ai‡bi k †Lvjm ev AveiY Øviv XvKv _v‡K| hv
GMy‡jv‡K myi¶v †`q I wbw`© GKwU AvK…wZ eRvq ivL‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i |
A¨v‡›Ubv ev ky
mvaviYZ KxUcZ‡ i GK †Rvov A¨v‡›Ubv ev ky _v‡K|

Av‡jvPbv

gvKomv wK GKwU cZ ?

1. Wvb cv‡k †`Iqv gvKomvi QwewU j¶ Kwi|

2. wb‡Pi cÖkœwU m¤ú‡K© wPšÍv Kwi:
gvKomv wK GKwU cZ ?
†Kb ev †Kb bq?
3. mncvVx‡`i m‡ Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g cÖkœMy‡jvi DËi Lyu‡R †ei Kwi|
2024

20
cÖv_wgK weÁvb

P‡jv, cvwi wK bv †`wL|

cÖvYxi QweMy‡jv ch©‡e¶Y Kwi Ges wb‡Pi cÖkœMy‡jvi DËi w`B|

1. Dc‡ii Qwe ch©‡e¶Y K‡i wb‡Pi Q‡K `j Abymv‡i cÖvYxi bvg wjwL|

cÖvYx`j cÖvYx
gvQ
cvwL
DfPi
mixm„c
¯Íb¨cvqx

2. Dc‡ii Qwe ch©‡e¶Y K‡i wb‡Pi Q‡K `j Abymv‡i cÖvYxi †`n Kx w`‡q Ave„Z _v‡K Zv wjwL|

cÖvYx `j †`n Ave„Z _v‡K

gvQ
cvwL
DfPi
2024

mixm„c
¯Íb¨cvqx

21
cÖvYx cwiwPwZ

3. Qwe‡Z †`Lv‡bv wKQz cÖvYx wWg cv‡o Ges wKQz cÖvYx ev”Pv †`q| cÖvYxMy‡jv ch©‡e¶Y Kwi Ges QKwU c~iY Kwi|

wWg cv‡o ev”Pv †`q

4. wb‡Pi Q‡K wewfbœ `‡ji cÖvYxi wKQz wbw`© êwk ¨ †Ìqv i‡q‡Q| êwk ¨ Abymv‡i Q‡K cÖvYx `‡ji bvg
wjwL|

ˆewk ¨ cÖvYx `j
Rj I j Dfq RvqMvq evm K‡i
†VvU Ges GK †Rvov Wvbv Av‡Q
wZb †Rvov cv Ges GK †Rvov ky
Av‡Q
ev”Pv nq Ges ¯Íb¨ cvb K‡i

5. †giy` x cÖvYx‡`i wewfbœ `‡j fvM Kiv hvq| †hgb: ........................, ........................,
........................, ........................, . ....................... Ges ........................|
2024

22
cÖv_wgK weÁvb

Aa¨vq 3

my¯^v‡ ¨i Rb¨ Lv`¨

cÖwZw`b Avgiv bvbv iKg Lv`¨ †L‡q _vwK| GB Lv`¨My‡jv Avgiv †Kb LvB? Lv`¨ Avgv‡`i Kx Kv‡R jv‡M?
Avgv‡`i Lv`¨My‡jv †Kv_v †_‡K Av‡m? P‡jv, Lv`¨ m¤c‡K© Rvbvi †P v Kwi|

1. Lv‡`¨i Drm

Avgiv †Kv_v †_‡K Lv`¨ cvB?

KvR : Lv‡`¨i Drm Lyu‡R †ei Kiv

hv Ki‡Z n‡e :

1. LvZvq Wvb cv‡ki Q‡Ki g‡Zv GKwU QK ˆZwi Kwi| Dw™¢` †_‡K cvIqv cÖvYx †_‡K cvIqv
Lv`¨ Lv`¨
2. wb‡Pi Lvev‡ii QweMy‡jv †`wL|
3. LveviMy‡jv‡K Drm Abymv‡i Q‡K wjwL|
4. Lv‡`¨i DrmMy‡jv wb‡q mncvVx‡`i m‡ Av‡jvPbv Kwi|

cvDiywU Kx `B †Kv_v
†_‡K cvB? †_‡K cvB?
2024

23
my¯^v‡ ¨i Rb¨ Lv`¨

mvims‡¶c
cÖwZw`‡bi LveviMy‡jv Avgiv Dw™¢` Ges cÖvYx †_‡K †c‡q _vwK|

Lv‡`¨i Drm m¤c‡K© Av‡iv wKQz Rvwb . . .

2. †gŠmywg dj
Avgv‡ì †`‡k mviv eQiB bvbvb ¯^v‡ì dj cvIqv hvq| dj ¯^v‡ ï Rb¨ A‡bK DcKvix| wewfbœ FZz‡Z
cvIqv djMy‡jv bvbv iKg †ivMe¨vwa cÖwZ‡iv‡a Avgv‡ì mvnvh¨ K‡i|

Avgv‡`i †`‡k wewfbœ FZz‡Z Kx Kx dj cvIqv hvq?

KvR : FZz‡f‡` d‡ji †kªYxKiY Kiv

hv Ki‡Z n‡e :
1. LvZvq wb‡Pi Q‡Ki g‡Zv GKwU QK ˆZwi Kwi|
MÖx Kvjxb dj kxZKvjxb dj ev‡ivgvwm dj

2. wb‡Pi Qwei djMy‡jv‡K MÖx Kvjxb, kxZKvjxb Ges ev‡ivgvwm- G wZbwU `‡j fvM K‡i Q‡K wjwL|
3. KvRwU wb‡q mncvVx‡`i m‡ Av‡jvPbv Kwi|
Avg cvIqv hvq MÖx Kv‡j| Kjv wK mviv eQiB cvIqv hvq? bvwK
eiB KLb cvIqv hvq? †Kv‡bv we‡kl FZz‡Z cvIqv hvq?
2024

24
cÖv_wgK weÁvb

mvims‡¶c
Avgv‡`i †`‡k Avg, Rvg, Kjv, †cu‡c, Kgjv, †cqvivmn Av‡iv A‡bK dj cvIqv hvq| wKQz wKQz dj
wbw`© †gŠmy‡g cvIqv hvq| Avevi wKQz dj mviv eQi a‡i cvIqv hvq|

wewfbœ FZzi dj m¤c‡K© Av‡iv wKQz Rvwb . . .

Avgv‡`i †`‡k cvIqv djMy‡jv‡K MÖx Kvjxb, kxZKvjxb Ges ev‡ivgvwm- G wZbwU fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq|

MÖx Kvjxb dj

MÖx Kvjxb d‡ji g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q Avg, Rvg,

KvuVvj, †ej, ZigyR, wjPz, Zvj, †cqviv,
Avgov, Rv¤^yiv, Avbvim, jUKb, Rvgiyj
BZ¨vw`|

kxZKvjxb dj

kxZKvjxb d‡ji g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q eiB, Kgjv,

AvgjKx, RjcvB BZ¨vw`|

ev‡ivgvwm dj

ev‡ivgvwm d‡ji g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q Kjv,

†cu‡c, bvwi‡Kj BZ¨vw`| G djMy‡jv
mviv eQiB Kg‡ewk cvIqv hvq|
2024

25
my¯^v‡ ¨i Rb¨ Lv`¨

3. †gŠmywg mewR
Avgv‡`i †`‡k mviv eQi cÖPzi cwigv‡Y bvbv iKg kvKmewR Drcbœ nq| wfbœ wfbœ FZz ev †gŠmy‡g wfbœ wfbœ
mewR cvIqv hvq| my¯^v‡ ¨i Rb¨ wbqwgZ kvKmewR †L‡Z nq|

wewfbœ FZz‡Z Avgv‡`i †`‡k Kx Kx mewR cvIqv hvq?

KvR : FZz‡f‡` mewRi †kªYxKiY Kiv

hv Ki‡Z n‡e :
1. LvZvq wb‡Pi Q‡Ki g‡Zv GKwU QK ˆZwi Kwi|

MÖx Kvjxb mewR kxZKvjxb mewR ev‡ivgvwm mewR

2. wb‡Pi Qwei mewRMy‡jv‡K MÖx Kvjxb, kxZKvjxb Ges ev‡ivgvwm G wZbwU `‡j fvM K‡i Q‡K wjwL|
3. KvRwU wb‡q mncvVx‡`i m‡ Av‡jvPbv Kwi|

kxZKv‡j
evuavKwc cvIqv
hvq| wKš‘ jvD
Ggb Kx mewR
KLb cvIqv
Av‡Q hv mviv
hvq?
eQi cvIqv hvq?
2024

26
cÖv_wgK weÁvb

mvims‡¶c
Avgv‡`i †`‡k cvIqv mewRMy‡jv‡K MÖx Kvjxb, kxZKvjxb Ges ev‡ivgvwm- GB wZbwU fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq|

wewfbœ FZzi mewR m¤c‡K© Av‡iv wKQz Rvwb . . .

MÖx Kvjxb mewR kxZKvjxb mewR ev‡ivgvwm mewR

MÖx Kvjxb mewR

MÖx Kv‡j bvbv iKg mewR cvIqv hvq| †hgb: c‡Uvj, Kijv, X¨vuom, wgw Kzgov, PvjKzgov, KvK‡ivj,
wS v, ay›`j, wPwP v BZ¨vw`| wewfbœ kvK †hgb: cyuBkvK, WvuUvkvK BZ¨vw`|
GQvov MÖx Kv‡j kmv, wgw Kzgov, PvjKzgov, cvwb KPz BZ¨vw` cvIqv hvq|

kxZKvjxb mewR
wkg, jvD, gyjv, U‡g‡Uv, evuavKwc, dzjKwc, MvRi BZ¨vw` n‡jv kxZKvjxb mewR| kxZKv‡j jvjkvK,
cvjskvK, jvDkvK BZ¨vw`I cvIqv hvq|

ev‡ivgvwm mewR
†cu‡c, KvuPvKjv BZ¨vw` mewR mviv eQiB cvIqv hvq| GiKg ev‡ivgvwm kv‡Ki g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q KjwgkvK,
KPzkvK BZ¨vw`|

4. cyw Dcv`vb
Avgiv †hme Lvevi LvB Zv‡Z bvbviK‡gi cyw Dcv`vb Av‡Q| Lv‡`¨ Dcw Z cÖavb cyw Dcv`vbMy‡jv n‡jv
kK©iv, Avwgl Ges Pwe©| GQvov i‡q‡Q wfUvwgb I LwbR jeY| G‡KKwU cyw Dcv`vb Avgv‡`i kix‡ii G‡KK
Kv‡R jv‡M| ZvB my _vKvi Rb¨ wewfbœ cyw Dcv`vbmg„ Lvevi wbqwgZ MÖnY Ki‡Z nq|

kK©iv
kK©ivRvZxq Lv‡`¨i cÖavb Drm n‡jv fvZ, iywU, wPov,
gywo, Avjy, wgw Avjy BZ¨vw`| Avgv‡`i Pjv‡divmn me
2024

Kv‡Ri Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq kw kK©iv †_‡K †c‡q _vwK|

27
my¯^v‡ ¨i Rb¨ Lv`¨

Avwgl
gvQ, gvsm, Wvj, wk‡gi wewP, wW‡gi mv`v Ask BZ¨vw`‡Z
Avwgl _v‡K| Avgv‡`i †`‡ni MVb I ¶q c~i‡Yi Rb¨ Avwgl
cÖ‡qvRb|

Pwe© ev †Zj
ev`vg, `ya, gvLb, wN, cwbi BZ¨vw` Lv‡`¨ cÖPzi cwigv‡Y Pwe©
ev †Zj i‡q‡Q| GQvov wKQz Dw™¢` †_‡K †Zj cvIqv hvq|
†hgb: wZj, wZwm, mwilv, bvwi‡Kj, RjcvB, m~h©gyLx, mqvweb
BZ¨vw`| kK©ivi g‡ZvB Pwe© ev †ZjI Avgv‡`i kw †`q| Pwe©
Avgv‡`i †`‡ni †mŠ›`h© e„w K‡i| kix‡i wKQz cyw Dcv`vb I
wfUvwg‡bi †kvlY nIqvi Rb¨ Pwe©i cÖ‡qvRb|

wfUvwgb I LwbR jeY

dj I kvKmewR †_‡K Avgiv wfUvwgb
I LwbR jeY cvB| wfUvwgb I LwbR
jeY Avgv‡`i Kg©¶g I my iv‡L; †ivM
cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv e„w K‡i| wfUvwg‡bi
Afv‡e kix‡i wewfbœ ai‡bi †ivM nq|
†hgb: ivZKvbv †ivM| GB †ivM n‡j
gvbyl iv‡Z Kg †`L‡Z cvq|

cvwb
cvwb mivmwi cyw Dcv`vb bq| Z‡e kix‡ii wewfbœ Kv‡Ri Rb¨ cvwbi cÖ‡qvRb| Lv`¨
nRg Ges †`‡n cyw Dcv`vb †kvl‡Yi Rb¨ ch©vß cwigv‡Y weky cvwb cvb Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|
cvwbi gva¨‡g kixi †_‡K ¶wZKi c`v_© †hgb: Nvg I g~Î AvKv‡i †ei n‡q Av‡m|
2024

28
cÖv_wgK weÁvb

5. cyw Dcv`v‡bi Drm

wewfbœ cyw Dcv`v‡bi DrmMy‡jv Kx Kx?

KvR : Avgv‡`i kix‡ii Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq wewfbœ cyw Dcv`v‡bi Drm Lyu‡R †ei Kiv|

hv Ki‡Z n‡e :
1. wb‡Pi Q‡Ki g‡Zv GKwU QK ˆZwi Kwi|
2. kix‡ii Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq wewfbœ cyw Dcv`v‡bi Drm Kx Kx Zv wb‡q wPšÍv Kwi|
3. wb‡Pi cyw Dcv`vbMy‡jv Qwei †Kvb †Kvb Lvevi †_‡K cvIqv hvq Zv Q‡K wjwL|
4. cyw Dcv`v‡bi DrmMy‡jv wb‡q mncvVx‡`i m‡ Av‡jvPbv Kwi|

cyw Dcv`vb Lvev‡ii bvg

kK©iv

Avwgl

Pwe© ev †Zj

wfUvwgb I LwbR jeY

†Kvb †Kvb Lvevi †_‡K

Avwgl cvIqv hvq?

Avgiv wfUvwgb I LwbR jeY †Kvb

†Kvb Lvevi †_‡K cvB?
2024

29
my¯^v‡ ¨i Rb¨ Lv`¨

mvims‡¶c

Lv‡`¨ Dcw Z cÖavb cyw Dcv`vbMy‡jv n‡jv kK©iv, Avwgl, Pwe©, wfUvwgb I LwbR jeY| kK©ivi cÖavb
Drm n‡jv fvZ, iywU BZ¨vw` km¨RvZxq Lv`¨| gvQ, gvsm, Wvj, wk‡gi wewP, wW‡gi mv`v Ask BZ¨vw`‡Z
Avwgl _v‡K| ev`vg, `ya, gvLb, wN, cwbi, Pwe©hy gvQ BZ¨vw` Lv‡`¨ cÖPzi cwigv‡Y Pwe© ev †Zj i‡q‡Q|
ZvQvov dj I kvKmewR †_‡K Avgiv wfUvwgb I LwbR jeY cvB|

cyw Dcv`v‡bi Drm wb‡q Av‡iv wKQz Rvwb...

cÖwZwU cyw Dcv`v‡bi cÖavb Drm wn‡m‡e Avgiv Lvev‡ii bvg †R‡bwQ| Z‡e GKB Lvev‡ii g‡a¨ GKvwaK
cyw Dcv`vbI _vK‡Z cv‡i| †hgb: `ya Ggb GKwU Lvevi hv‡Z kK©iv, Avwgl, Pwe©, wfUvwgb, jeY I cvwb
BZ¨vw` me KwU Dcv`vb Av‡Q| wW‡gi mv`v Ask Avwgl Avi Kzmyg Pwe©RvZxq c`v_©| wgw dj †hgb: Kjv ev
cvKv Avg ev KvuVv‡j wfUvwgb I LwbR jeY QvovI kK©iv _v‡K| D‡jøL¨ †h, GLv‡b Avgiv Lv‡`¨i cÖavb cyw
Dcv`vbMy‡jv m¤c‡K© †R‡bwQ| GMy‡jvi evB‡iI Av‡iv cÖ‡qvRbxq cyw Dcv`vb Lv‡`¨i g‡a¨ _v‡K| GMy‡jv
m¤c‡K© Avgiv cieZx© †kªwYMy‡jv‡Z Rvb‡Z cvie|

Av‡jvPbv
Wv‡ei cvwbi †ewk m¦v ¨Ki, bvwK †evZjRvZ cvbxq?
wkOvov, †KK Avi d‡ji g‡a¨ †KvbwU ¯^v ¨Ki?

6. cyw Dcv`v‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv

kix‡ii Rb¨ wewfbœ cyw Dcv`v‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Kx?

KvR : wewfbœ cyw Dcv`v‡bi KvR m¤c‡K© Rvbv

2024

30
cÖv_wgK weÁvb

1. wb‡Pi Q‡Ki g‡Zv GKwU QK ˆZwi Kwi|

2. Av‡Mi c„ôvi QweMy‡jv †`wL| Kvi Kx mgm¨v Av‡Q j¶ Kwi| Zv‡`i Kx ai‡bi Lv`¨ MÖnY Kiv DwPZ
Zv Q‡K wjwL|

mgm¨v Kx ai‡bi Lvevi †L‡Z n‡e

cÖ_g Qwe †m Kv‡R kw cvq bv| AwaKvsk mgq K¬všÍ _v‡K|

3. wb‡P GKwU QK †Ìqv n‡jv| GB Q‡K evg cv‡ki m‡ Wvb cv‡ki Z‡_ï wgj †bB| evg cv‡ki
Z‡_ï m‡ `vM w`‡q †U‡b Wvb cv‡ki Z‡_ï wgj Kwi|

cyw Dcv`vb KvR

kK©iv kixi MVb K‡i|

Avwgl KvR Kivi kw †`q|

Pwe© †ivM cÖwZ‡iva¶gZv m„w K‡i|

wfUvwgb I LwbR jeY wfUvwgb †kvl‡Y Kv‡R jv‡M|

gvbyl KLb KvR Kivi kw cvq

bv, me mgq K¬všÍ _v‡K?

kK©ivRvZxq Lvevi Kg †L‡j gvbyl

KvR Kivi kw cvq bv|
2024

31
my¯^v‡ ¨i Rb¨ Lv`¨

mvims‡¶c

kK©iv †_‡K Avgiv KvR Kivi kw cvB; Avwgl †`n MVb K‡i; Pwe© ev †ZjRvZxq Lvevi kix‡i kw mw Z
iv‡L; wfUvwgb I LwbR jeY †`‡ni †ivM cÖwZ‡iva¶gZv e„w K‡i|

cyw Dcv`v‡bi KvR m¤ú‡K© Av‡iv wKQz Rvwb...

my fv‡e †eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ Avgv‡`i me ai‡bi cyw Dcv`vb MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z kixi cÖ‡qvRbxq me cyw
Dcv`vb cvq| GKB Lvevi evievi MÖnY Kivi †P‡q wfbœ wfbœ Drm †_‡K Lvevi MÖnY Kiv DËg| KviY, G‡KKwU
Lvev‡i G‡KKwU cyw Dcv`vb †ewk _v‡K| wfbœ wfbœ Lv`¨ MÖnY Ki‡j †`n me ai‡bi cyw MÖn‡Yi my‡hvM cvq|
d‡ji g‡a¨ †`wk I †gŠmywg dj Avgv‡`i Rb¨ mvaviYZ †ewk DcKvix|

7. ¯^v ¨Ki Lv`¨

†eu‡P _vKv Ges kw cvIqvi Rb¨ Avgiv Lvevi LvB | wKQz Lvevi ¯^v‡ ¨i Rb¨ fv‡jv| ¯^v ¨Ki, wbivc` Ges
A¯^v ¨Ki Lv`¨ m¤c‡K© Avgv‡`i ¯ú aviYv _vKv LyeB cÖ‡qvRb|

†KvbMy‡jv ¯^v ¨Ki Lv`¨?

KvR: ¯^v ¨Ki Lv`¨ †Pbv

hv Ki‡Z n‡e :

1. wb‡Pi Qwe `ywU j¶ Kwi|

2. †Kvb Qwei LveviMy‡jv ¯^v ¨Ki I wbivc`? †Kb? Av‡jvPbv K‡i wm všÍ wbB|
2024

32
cÖv_wgK weÁvb

mvims‡¶c

ZvRv kvKmewR, dj, fvZ, iywU, Avjy BZ¨vw` ¯^v ¨Ki Lv`¨| fvRv‡cvov Lvevi ¯^v‡ ¨i Rb¨ fv‡jv bq| wPcm
I G RvZxq c¨v‡KURvZ Lv‡`¨ A‡bK mgq Avgv‡`i †`‡ni Rb¨ ¶wZKi Dcv`vb _v‡K| ZvB Gme Lvevi
AwZwi LvIqv ¯^v ¨Ki bq|

cyw Dcv`v‡bi Drm wb‡q Av‡iv wKQz Rvwb...

ZvRv kvKmewR, djg~j, fvZ, iywU, `ya, wWg, Wvj, gvQ, gvsm BZ¨vw` Lvevi †_‡K Avgiv Avgv‡`i
cÖ‡qvRbxq cyw cvB| GMy‡jv wbivc` I ¯^v ¨Ki Lv`¨| Ab¨w`‡K fvRv‡cvov, we¯‹zU, †KK, wPcm,
bvbv ai‡bi Rv Lvevi ev dv÷dzW BZ¨vw`‡K ¯^v ¨Ki Lvevi ejv hvq bv| AwZwi fvRv‡cvov ev
Zv‡ci d‡j Gme Lvev‡ii MyYMZ gvb K‡g hvq| Avevi wKQz ¶wZKi Dcv`vbI m„w nq, †hgb:
Pwe©| ¯^v` evov‡bv Ges `xN©w`b msi¶‡Yi Rb¨ Gme Lvev‡i mvaviYZ AwZwi wPwb, jeb ev ¶wZKi
ivmvqwbK Dcv`vb †gkv‡bv nq| Gme K…wÎg ivmvqwbK Dcv`vb `xN©‡gqv‡` ¯^v‡ ¨i ¶wZ K‡i| kix‡i
bvbviKg †ivMe¨vwa m„w K‡i| dv÷dzW, wPcm, †Kvgj cvbxq BZ¨vw` AwZwi †L‡j kixi †gvUv n‡q hvq|
ZvB Gme Lvevi h_vm¤¢e Gwo‡q Pjv DwPZ|

8. wbivc` cvbxq
¯^v ¨Ki Lv`¨ MÖn‡Yi g‡Zv cvbxq MÖn‡YI Avgv‡`i m‡PZb nIqv cÖ‡qvRb| wKQz cvbxq Av‡Q wbivc` I
¯^v ¨Ki| Wv‡ei cvwb GKwU wbivc` I ¯^v ¨Ki cvbxqi D`vniY| GB cvbxq †_‡K †hgb Avgiv cÖ‡qvRbxq
cyw Dcv`vb cvB, †Zgwb kix‡ii cvwbi Pvwn`vI c~iY nq| Avevi wKQz cvbxq kix‡ii ¶wZ K‡i| †hgb:
`~wlZ cvwb cvb Kivi d‡j cvwbevwnZ wewfbœ †ivM †hgb: K‡jiv, Avgvkq, RwÛm BZ¨vw` n‡Z cv‡i|

wbivc` cvbxq Kx?

KvR: wbivc` I Awbivc` cvbxq wPw ZKiY

hv Ki‡Z n‡e :

1. wb‡P I c‡ii c„ôvq wKQz cvbxqi Qwe †`Iqv n‡jv| GLv‡b †Kvb cvbxqMy‡jv wbivc`? †Kb?
2024

33
my¯^v‡ ¨i Rb¨ Lv`¨

iv¯Ívi av‡i msMÖnK…Z Av‡Li im

wK ¯^v ¨Ki?

AvL ¯^v ¨Ki| wKš‘, †Lvjv RvqMvq

im msMÖ‡ni mgq ayjvevwj ev RxevYy
wgk‡Z cv‡i|

mvims‡¶c

d‡ji im, †jeyi kieZ, Wv‡ei cvwb BZ¨vw` wbivc` cvbxq| bvbv iK‡gi †evZjRvZ cvbxq, iv¯Ívi av‡i
wew nIqv wewfbœ ai‡bi im I mieZ BZ¨vw` Awbivc` cvbxq|

cyw Dcv`v‡bi Drm wb‡q Av‡iv wKQz Rvwb ...

mvaviYZ evmvevwo‡Z weky cvwb eënvi K‡i cvbxq ˆZwi Kiv nq| ZvB GMy‡jv cvb Kiv wbivc`| wUDeI‡qj
ev Sibv †_‡K Avgiv weky cvwb cvB| GQvov cyKzi ev b`xi cvwb †m K‡iI cvwb weky Kiv hvq| Gme
cvwb‡Z wewfbœ ai‡bi LwbR jeY wgwkªZ _v‡K| Avevi d‡ji i‡m bvbv iKg cyw Dcv`vb _v‡K| †hgb: †jeyi
i‡m wfUvwgb, LwbR jeY Ges DcKvix Av‡iv Dcv`vb _v‡K| ZvB weky cvwb eënvi K‡i ˆZwi Kiv †jeyi
kieZ kix‡ii Rb¨ DcKvix|
Avgv‡ì ¯^v ¨Ki I wbivc` cvbxq cvb Kiv DwPZ| A‡bK †¶‡Î †evZjRvZ cvbxqMy‡jv‡Z AwZwi cwigv‡Y
wPwb I bvbv iKg ivmvqwbK c`v_© eënvi Kiv nq| GMy‡jv `xN©w`b †L‡j ¯^v‡ ï ¶wZ nq| ZvB Gai‡bi
cvbxq Kg LvIqv DËg|
2024

34
cÖv_wgK weÁvb

P‡jv, cvwi wK bv †`wL|

1. Dc‡ii Qwe ch©‡e¶Y K‡i wb‡Pi Q‡K cyw Dcv`v‡bi bvg wjwL|

Lv‡`¨i bvg cyw Dcv`vb

iywU
gvQ
†Zj
Avg

2. Dc‡ii Qwe ch©‡e¶Y K‡i GKwU mylg Lv‡`¨i ZvwjKv ˆZwi Kwi|
mylg Lv‡`¨i ZvwjKv
•
•
•
•
•
2024

35
my¯^v‡ ¨i Rb¨ Lv`¨

eiB, †cqviv, dzjKwc, Kjv, †Xuom,

Rvg, †cu‡c, cyuBkvK,
jvjkvK, KPzkvK

3. Dc‡ii ZvwjKvi kvK, mewR Ges djMy‡jv‡K FZz Abymv‡i Q‡K mvRvB|
dj I MÖx Kvjxb kxZKvjxb ev‡ivgvwm
kvKmewR
kvK
mewR
dj

Wv‡ei cvwb / evwo‡Z ˆZwi †jeyi kieZ,

iv¯Ívi av‡i evbv‡bv Av‡Li im / †Kvgj cvbxq

4. Dc‡ii ZvwjKvi cvbxqMy‡jv‡K wb‡Pi Q‡K mvRvB|

¯^v ¨Ki cvbxq A¯^v ¨Ki cvbxq

5. ÔwPcmÕ A¯^v ¨Ki Lvevi †Kb?

ÔwPcmÕ A¯^v ¨Ki Lvevi, KviY
•
•
2024

36
cÖv_wgK weÁvb

Aa¨vq 4

c`v_©
Avgv‡`i Pvicv‡k bvbv iK‡gi e¯Íy Av‡Q| eB, LvZv, Kjg, †Pqvi, †Uwej, evjyKYv, cvwb, evZvm, gvwU,
KxUcZ , ckycvwL BZ¨vw`| GMy‡jv meB c`v_©| mKj c`v_© wK GKB iKg?

1. c`v‡_©i ˆewk ¨

c`v_© Kx?
KvR: `yÕwU e¯Íyi g‡a¨ Zzjbv
hv cÖ‡qvRb: GKwU dzUej, GKwU Kgjv
hv Ki‡Z n‡e :

1. wb‡Pi Qwei g‡Zv K‡i GKwU †fbwPÎ AvuwK|

2. cv‡ki Qwe `ywU j¶ Kwi| e¯Íy `ywUi Kx Kx ˆewk ¨
Av‡Q Lyu‡R †ei Kwi|
3. GMy‡jvi g‡a¨ wgj I Awgj †fbwP‡Î wjwL|
4. GB KvRwU wb‡q mncvVx‡`i m‡ Av‡jvPbv Kwi|

dzUej wgj Kgjv‡jey

mvims‡¶c

Kgjv‡jey I dzUej `ywU e¯ÍyiB AvK…wZ †Mvj| Kgjv‡jey AvKv‡i †Qv‡Uv; ejwU e‡ov| dzUej fvix Avi Kgjv
2024

37
c`v_©

c`v_© m¤ú‡K© Av‡iv wKQz Rvwb ...

hv wKQzi IRb I AvqZb Av‡Q, ZvB c`v_©| wewfbœ c`v‡_©i wewfbœ ˆewk ¨ _v‡K; wKš‘ mKj c`v‡_©iB IRb
I AvqZb Aek¨B _vK‡e|

AvK…wZ
A‡bK c`v‡_©i wbw`© AvK…wZ _v‡K| Avevi mKj c`v‡_©i
wbw`© AvK…wZ _v‡K bv| AvK…wZ ej‡Z GKwU c`v‡_©i
evwn¨K MVb †Kgb Zv †evSvq| †hgb: dzUe‡ji AvK…wZ
†Mvj| AvK…wZ wel‡q Avgiv G Aa¨v‡qi cvV-4 G Av‡iv we¯ÍvwiZ Rvb‡Z cvie| AvK…wZ m¤ú‡K© aviYv _vK‡j
Zv wewfbœ ai‡bi c`v_© wPw Z Ki‡Z Avgv‡`i mvnvh¨ Ki‡e|

2. c`v‡_©i AvqZb

c`v‡_©i AvqZb m¤c‡K© Avgiv Kxfv‡e aviYv Ki‡Z cvwi?

KvR: eo-†QvU Lyu‡R †ei Kiv
2024

hv cÖ‡qvRb: `ywU Kv‡Pi Møvm, cvwb, `yB L cv_i, PviwU ivevi e¨vÛ

38
cÖv_wgK weÁvb

hv Ki‡Z n‡e :

1. cv‡ki QwewU †`wL|

2. Qwei g‡Zv K‡i Møvm `ywU cvkvcvwk ivwL|
3. Møvm `ywU GKBfv‡e cvwb w`‡q A‡a©K c~Y© Kwi|
Dfq Møv‡mi cvwbi D”PZv †hb GKB _v‡K|

4. Møv‡m cvwbi ¯Íi †h D”PZvq Av‡Q, †mLv‡b GKwU

ivevi e¨vÛ AvUKvB| wKsev GKwU PK ev gvK©vi
Kjg w`‡q `vM w`‡q cvwbi ¯Íi wPw Z Kwi|
5. GLb evg cv‡ki Møv‡m †Qv‡Uv cv_iwU †dwj| Wvb cv‡ki Møv‡m eo cv_iwU †dwj|

6. Dfq Møv‡m cvwbi ¯Í‡ii cwieZ©b j¶ Kwi| cvwbi bZzb D”PZv c~‡e©i g‡Zv K‡i ivevi e¨vÛ ev PK ev
gvK©vi Kjg w`‡q wPw Z Kwi|

7. `ywU Møv‡m cvwbi ¯Í‡ii cwieZ©‡bi g‡a¨ Kx cv_©K¨ †`L‡Z cvw”Q? †Kb Ggb n‡jv? mncvVx‡`i m‡
Av‡jvPbv Kwi|

djvdj

Møv‡m cv_i †dj‡j cvwbi ¯Íi Dc‡i D‡V hvq| †Qv‡Uv AvKv‡ii cv_i †dj‡j cvwbi ¯Íi hZUzKz Dc‡i I‡V
e‡ov AvKv‡ii cv_i †dj‡j cvwb Zvi †P‡q †ewk Dc‡i I‡V|

Av‡jvPbv

Møv‡mi cvwb‡Z cv_i †dj‡j

cvwbi ¯Íi Dc‡i D‡V hvq †Kb?

†Qv‡Uv cv_i A‡c¶v e‡ov cv_‡i

cvwbi ¯Íi †ewk Dc‡i I‡V †Kb?
G‡Z Kx †evSv hvq?
2024

39
c`v_©

mvims‡¶c

cvwb w`‡q A‡a©K c~Y© Møv‡m cv_i †dj‡j cvwbi ¯Íi Dc‡i
D‡V hvq| Gi KviY Kx? GLv‡b †h cv_i cvwb‡Z Wz‡e †Mj
†mwU cvwbi †fZi wKQz vb `Lj K‡i‡Q| GB vbUzKzB
cv_iwUi AvqZb| cv_iwU hZUzKz vb `Lj K‡i wb‡q‡Q,
ZZUzKz cvwb †mLvb †_‡K Dc‡ii w`‡K D‡V hvq| d‡j
cvwbi ¯Íi Dc‡ii D‡V hvq| GLb †h cv_iwU AvKv‡i e‡ov,
†mwU †ewk vb `Lj K‡i| A_©vr, Gi AvqZb †ewk| ZvB
e‡ov cv_iwU †ewk cvwb Dc‡ii w`‡K †V‡j †`q| †mRb¨ e‡ov cv_iwU Møv‡m †dj‡j cvwb †ewk Dc‡i I‡V|
Møv‡mi cvwb hZUzKz Dc‡i D‡V‡Q, Zvi AvqZb, Wz‡e hvIqv cv_‡ii AvqZ‡bi mgvb|

3. evqy GK ai‡bi c`v_©

Avgiv †R‡bwQ, mKj c`v‡_©iB IRb I AvqZb Av‡Q| evZv‡mi wK IRb I AvqZb Av‡Q?
wb‡Pi KvRwUi gva¨‡g evZvm GKwU c`v_© wK bv, Rvbvi †P v Kwi|
evZvm wK GKwU c`v_©?
KvR: evZv‡mi IRb I AvqZb Av‡Q wK bv, Zv hvPvB Kiv|
hv cÖ‡qvRb: GKwU †ejyb, GKwU Pzcmv‡bv dzUej, dzUe‡j evZvm fivi cv¤c|
hv Ki‡Z n‡e :
1. wb‡Pi Q‡Ki g‡Zv GKwU QK ˆZwi Kwi|
2. dzu w`‡q †ejybwU †dvjvB| †ejy‡bi AvqZ‡bi wK cwieZ©b n‡”Q j¶ Kwi Ges Q‡K wjwL|
3. Pzcmv‡bv dzUejwU †Kgb fvix Zv nv‡Z wb‡q †`wL|
4. cv‡¤úi mvnv‡h¨ ejwU‡Z evZvm fwi| evZvm fivi ci e‡ji IRb I AvqZ‡bi cwieZ©b n‡q‡Q wK bv,
j¶ Kwi|
evZvm fi‡j Kx nq? djvdj
†ejy‡bi AvqZb wK †e‡o hvq?
dzUej wK fvix n‡q hvq?
dzUe‡ji AvqZb wK ev‡o?

evZv‡mi Kx AvqZb Av‡Q?

2024

IRb Av‡Q?

40
cÖv_wgK weÁvb

mvims‡¶c
GKwU †ejyb‡K evZvm w`‡q †dvjv‡j †ejybwU AvKv‡i eo n‡q hvq| hZ †ewk evZvm fiv nq, †ejybwU ZZ
eo nq| †ewk evZvm †ewk vb `Lj K‡i| G‡Z eySv hvq, evZv‡mi AvqZb Av‡Q| GKwU dzUe‡ji †fZi
evZvm bv _vK‡j GwU Pzc‡m _v‡K| evZvm fi‡j ejwU fvix nq| d‡j Avgiv eyS‡Z cvwi, evZv‡mi IRb
Av‡Q| Avevi, evZv‡mi Kvi‡Y Pzcmv‡bv dzUejwUi AvqZbI ev‡o| †h‡nZz evZv‡mi IRb I AvqZb Av‡Q,
ZvB evZvm GKwU c`v_©|

Av‡jvPbv
wb‡Pi cÖkœwU m¤c‡K© wPšÍv Kwi|
Av‡jv Kx c`v_©? DË‡ii ¯^c‡¶ hyw †ei Kwi|
KvRwU wb‡q mncvVx‡`i m‡ Av‡jvPbv Kwi|

4. c`v‡_©i AvK…wZ

AvK…wZ Kx ?
KvR: AvK…wZi wgj Lyu‡R †ei Kiv

hv Ki‡Z n‡e :

1. wb‡Pi Qwe‡Z `ywU mvwi ev jvBb †`L‡Z cvw”Q| Dc‡ii mvwi‡Z PviwU AvK…wZi Qwe I bvg †`Iqv Av‡Q|
Avi wb‡P PviwU e¯Íyi Qwe G‡jv‡g‡jv K‡i †`Iqv Av‡Q| Dc‡ii †Kvb AvK…wZi m‡ wb‡Pi †Kvb e¯Íyi
wgj? †cbwmj w`‡q `vM †U‡b wgj †`LvB|

AvqZ e„Ë †ejbvKvi wÎ‡KvbvKvi

2024

41
c`v_©

djvdj

Dc‡ii cÖwZwU e¯Íyi AvK…wZ Avjv`v| iyweKÕm wKD‡ei AvK…wZ Nb‡Ki g‡Zv; ej †Mvj;
†Kvgj cvbx‡qi K¨vbwU †`L‡Z wmwjÛv‡ii g‡Zv| wP‡Îi AvBmw ‡gi AvK…wZ †KvY AvK…wZi|

Av‡jvPbv

†`Lv †Mj, G‡KK c`v‡_©i AvK…wZ G‡KK iKg| mKj c`v‡_©i wK AvK…wZ _v‡K?
†Kvb ai‡bi c`v‡_©i AvK…wZ _v‡K?

AviI wKQz Kwi

cvwbi wK AvK…wZ Av‡Q? evZv‡mi? mncvVx‡`i m‡ Av‡jvPbv Kwi|

5. wewfbœ ai‡bi c`v‡_©i AvK…wZi wfbœZv

mKj c`v‡_©i wK wbw`© AvK…wZ _v‡K?

KvR: ivevi I cvwbi AvK…wZ cix¶v
hv cÖ‡qvRb: GKwU ivevi, cvwb, K‡qKwU wewfbœ AvK…wZi evwU ev cvÎ Ges cvwbi Møvm

hv Ki‡Z n‡e :

1. GKwU cv‡Î iveviwU wbB|

cvwbi AvK…wZi †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b †`Lv hvq? wj‡L ivwL|

42
cÖv_wgK weÁvb

iveviwUi AvK…wZ †Kgb? G‡KK

cv‡Î wK G‡KK iKg?

cvwbi AvK…wZ †Kgb? RM †_‡K Møv‡m

Xvj‡j wK cvwbi AvK…wZi cwieZ©b nq?

djvdj

ivev‡ii UzK‡ivi wbw`© GKwU AvK…wZ _v‡K| wfbœ wfbœ cv‡Î ivL‡jI iveviwUi AvK…wZ GKB _v‡K| AvK…wZi
cwieZ©b nq bv| Ab¨w`‡K cvwb‡K †h cv‡Î ivLv nq, †m cv‡Îi AvK…wZ aviY K‡i| †evZ‡j ivL‡j †evZ‡ji
AvK…wZ; R‡M ivL‡j R‡Mi AvK…wZ; evwU‡Z ivL‡j evwUi AvK…wZ aviY K‡i| GLvb †_‡K wm v‡šÍ Avmv hvq,
wKQz c`v‡_©i wbw`© AvK…wZ _v‡K; Avevi wKQz c`v‡_©i wbw`© AvK…wZ _v‡K bv|

AviI wKQz Kwi

1. cvwbi g‡ZvB Ggb Av‡iv wKQz c`v_© Av‡Q| G c`v_©My‡jv hLb †h cv‡Î ivLv nq, †m cv‡Îi AvK…wZ
aviY K‡i| G iKg wKQz c`v‡_©i ZvwjKv ˆZwi Kwi|
2. ei‡di g‡ZvB Av‡iv A‡bK c`v‡_©i wbw`© AvK…wZ Av‡Q| Ggb wKQz c`v‡_©i ZvwjKv ˆZwi Kwi|

c`v‡_©i AvK…wZ m¤c‡K© Av‡iv wKQz Rvwb ...

evZv‡mi wbR¯^ AvK…wZ Av‡Q wK bv, GKwU cwiwPZ NUbv †`‡L Avgiv eyS‡Z cvwi|
evRv‡i wKQz †ejyb wew Ki‡Z †`Lv hvq| wewfbœ AvK…wZi †ejyb| cvwL, gvQ, wegvb,
gvbyl, KvU©z‡bi PwiÎ †hgb: gxbv, ivRy, wgVz G iKg wewfbœ AvK…wZ| wewfbœ AvK…wZi
cøvw÷‡Ki †ejy‡bi †fZi evZvm f‡i GMy‡jv ˆZwi Kiv nq| evZv‡mi wbR¯^ AvK…wZ †bB|
†h †ejy‡b evZvm fiv nq, evZvm †m †ejy‡bi AvK…wZ aviY K‡i|

6. c`v‡_©i Ae v
c`v‡_©i evwn¨K Ae v ej‡Z Avgiv eywS IRb, AvqZb, AvK…wZ BZ¨vw`| evwn¨K Ae v we‡ePbv K‡i c`v_©‡K
wfbœ wfbœ †kªwY‡Z fvM Kiv hvq| wb‡Pi Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g c`v‡_©i wfbœ wfbœ Ae v kbv Kivi †P v Kwi|

c`v‡_©i KqwU Ae v?
KvR: c`v‡_©i †kªwYwefvM
2024

43
c`v_©

hv Ki‡Z n‡e :

1. cv‡ki Q‡Ki g‡Zv GKwU QK ˆZwi Kwi| `j-1 `j-2 `j-3

2. wb‡Pi QweMy‡jv †`wL| GLvb †_‡K GKB ai‡bi
c`v_©My‡jv‡K wPw Z K‡i Q‡Ki wZbwU `‡j mvRvB|
3. cÖwZwU `‡ji we‡kl ˆewk ¨ mncvVx‡`i m‡
Av‡jvPbv K‡i wjwL|

cvwb Avi †Zj wK GKB ai‡bi

c`v_©? †Kb?

cvwb Avi †Zj‡K †h cv‡ÎB ivLv nq,

†m cv‡Îi AvK…wZ aviY K‡i|

mvims‡¶c
gv‡e©j ej, cyZzj, eB GKB ai‡bi c`v_©| GMy‡jvi cÖwZwUi wbR¯^ AvK…wZ Av‡Q| wfbœ wfbœ RvqMvq ivL‡jI
AvK…wZi †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b nq bv|
2024

cvwb, †Zj, d‡ji im GMy‡jv Av‡iK ai‡bi c`v_©| GMy‡jv‡K †h cv‡Î ivLv nq, †m cv‡Îi AvK…wZ aviY
K‡i| †ejy‡bi †fZ‡ii evZvm, d¨v‡bi evZvm BZ¨vw` Av‡iK ai‡bi c`v_©|

44
cÖv_wgK weÁvb

evZv‡mi wbR¯^ AvK…wZ †bB| evZvm‡K †h ai‡bi cvÎ ev †ejy‡b ivLv nq, †m cvÎ ev †ejy‡bi AvK…wZ aviY
K‡i| Z‡e cvwbi m‡ evZv‡mi cv_©K¨ Av‡Q| †hgb: GKwU Møv‡m hZUzKz cvwb Xvjv n‡e, cvwb ZZUzKzB
RvqMv `Lj Ki‡e| Dc‡ii Ask dvuKv _v‡K| wKš‘ GKwU †ejy‡b Aí evZvm fi‡jI evZvm m¤c~Y© †ejyb Ry‡o
Qwo‡q _v‡K, A_©vr evZvm †ejybwUi m¤c~Y© AvqZb `Lj K‡i|

c`v‡_©i Ae v m¤c‡K© Av‡iv wKQz Rvwb ...

gv‡e©j, ej, cyZzj, eB BZ¨vw` c`v_© GKB ai‡bi|
GMy‡jvi cÖwZwUi wbR¯^ AvK…wZ Av‡Q| wfbœ wfbœ RvqMvq ivL‡jI AvK…wZi †Kv‡bv
cwieZ©b nq bv|
G ai‡bi c`v_©My‡jv KwVb c`v_©| KwVb c`v‡_©i AvqZb I AvK…wZ wbw`© |
†hgb: cv_i| cv_i wb‡R wb‡R AvK…wZ I AvqZb cwieZ©b Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|
GKL cv_i‡K DuPz †_‡K wb‡P †dj‡jI Gi AvKvi I AvqZb GKB _v‡K|
eid, †Uwej, †cbwmj, BU BZ¨vw` KwVb c`v_©|
d‡ji im, cvwb, †Zj, kieZ, `ya BZ¨vw` Zij c`v_©| GMy‡jvi wbw`© †Kv‡bv AvK…wZ †bB| †hgb: GK
Møvm d‡ji im GKwU Møv‡m ivL‡j Møv‡mi AvKvi, evwU‡Z ivL‡j evwUi AvKvi aviY K‡i| Avevi †Uwej ev
†g‡S‡Z co‡j Pviw`‡K Qwo‡q c‡o| wbw`© AvK…wZ bv _vK‡jI Zij c`v‡_©i wbw`© AvqZb _v‡K| GKwU
wbw`© cwigvY Zij c`v_© wbw`© cwigvY vb `Lj K‡i|
†ejybfwZ© evZvm, d¨v‡bi evZvm, †avuqv BZ¨vw` evqexq c`v_©| evqexq c`v‡_©i AvqZb I AvK…wZ †KvbUvB wbw`©
bq| GKwU e cv‡Îi †fZi evqexq c`v_© ivL‡j Zv cv‡Îi m¤c~Y© AvqZb `Lj K‡i| †hgb: N‡ii †fZi ev Mvwo‡Z
GKUz †avuqv XzK‡j †mUv cy‡iv N‡i ev Mvwoi †fZi Qwo‡q c‡o| cy‡iv vbUzKzB `Lj K‡i| G‡Z †evSv hvq, evqexq
c`v‡_©i wbR¯^ AvqZb †bB| †h cv‡Î ivLv nq, †m cv‡Îi AvqZb aviY K‡i| Avevi, GKB cwigvY evZvm wewfbœ
AvK…wZi †ejy‡b ivL‡jI Zv †h †ejy‡b fiv nq, †m †ejy‡bi AvK…wZ aviY K‡i| evqexq c`v‡_©i wbR¯^ AvK…wZ †bB|

7. cwi‡e‡k cvwbi wewfbœ Ae v

cvwb wd«‡R Lye Vv v Ae vq ivL‡j ei‡d cwiYZ nq| GB eid‡K Zvc w`‡j Kx nq?

cvwb Kx, Kx Ae vq _vK‡Z cv‡i?

KvR: cvwbi Ae vi cwieZ©b

hv cÖ‡qvRb: eid, cvwb, KovB, †KZwj, Pzjv|

hv Ki‡Z n‡e :
2024

45
c`v_©

1. GKwU KovB‡q K‡qK UzK‡iv eid wbB|

2. 15-20 wgwbU a‡i eidMy‡jv j¶ Kwi|
Kx n‡”Q? wj‡L ivwL|
3. GLb eidMy‡jv‡Z Zvc w`B|
Zvc w`‡Z _vK‡j †kl ch©šÍ Kx nq? wj‡L ivwL|

4. Gevi †KZwj‡Z wKQz cvwb wbB| Zvc w`‡q cvwb

P‡jv, eid‡K Zvc w`‡q †`wL Kx nq|

djvdj

eid wb‡q †Kv‡bv cv‡Î †i‡L w`‡j GwU ax‡i ax‡i M‡j cvwb‡Z cwiYZ nq| Zvc w`‡j `ªæZ M‡j hvq| Dc‡ii
Kv‡R †`Lv hvq, cvwb dzUv‡Z _vK‡j †KZwji b‡ji gyL w`‡q †avuqvi g‡Zv †ei nq| GUv‡K Rjxq ev e‡j|
GB Rjxq ev wKQz¶Y Pvg‡P jvwM‡q Vv v Ki‡j †Qv‡Uv †Qv‡Uv cvwbi †duvUv †`Lv hvq|

Av‡jvPbv

1. cvwb Vv v Ki‡j ei‡d cwiYZ nq| Avevi ei‡d Zvc w`‡j cvwb‡Z cwiYZ nq| GB cix¶v †_‡K Kx †evSv
hvq? mncvVxiv Av‡jvPbv K‡i DËi †ei Kivi †P v Kwi|
2. cvwb‡K Zvc w`‡j †dv‡U| †KZwji bj w`‡q M¨vm †ei nq| GB M¨vm Vv v n‡q Avevi cvwbi we›`y cvIqv
hvq? GLvb †_‡K Kx eySv hvq? mncvVxiv Av‡jvPbv K‡i wjwL|
3. ei‡d Zvc bv w`‡q GKwU evwU‡Z †i‡L w`‡j Kx nq? Zvc †`Iqv ev bv †`Iqvi g‡a¨ Kx cv_©K¨ †`L‡Z
cvB?
2024

mvims‡¶c

46
cÖv_wgK weÁvb

Vv vq Vv vq
Zv‡c Zv‡c

eid cvwb Rjxq ev

(KwVb) (Zij) (evqexq)

cvwbi wewfbœ Ae v m¤c‡K© Av‡iv wKQz Rvwb ...

cÖK…wZ‡Z cvwb wZb Ae v‡ZB _v‡K| †hgb: c„w_exi †giy A j, ce©‡Zi P‚ovq eid †`Lv hvq| cyKzi, b`x,
nª`, mgy‡`ª cvwb Zij Ae vq _v‡K| Rjxq ev AvKv‡i evqexq Ae vqI _v‡K|

†giy A j mgy`ª †gN

ce©‡Zi P‚ov nª` Kzqvkv

Avgiv cvwbi wZbwU Ae vi K_v Rvbjvg| cvwbi g‡ZvB Ab¨vb¨ c`v_©I wfbœ wfbœ DòZvq KwVb, Zij ev
2024

evqexq Ae vq _vK‡Z cv‡i|

47
c`v_©

8. bvbv iK‡gi KwVb c`v_©

Avgv‡`i Pvicv‡k Avgiv bvbv iK‡gi KwVb c`v_© †`L‡Z cvB| wKQz k , wKQz big| wb‡Pi KvRwUi
gva¨‡g KwVb c`v‡_©i wewfbœ aib m¤c‡K© aviYv jvf Ki‡Z cvwi|

KwVb c`v_© KZ ai‡bi n‡Z cv‡i?

KvR: wewfbœ iK‡gi c`v_© kbv Kiv

hv Ki‡Z n‡e :

1. cv‡ki Q‡Ki g‡Zv GKwU QK AvuwK| e¯Íyi bvg ˆewk ¨ e¨envi

2. wb‡Pi Qwe‡Z †Ìqv KwVb c`v_©My‡jv a‡i †`wL|
GB c`v_©My‡jv ai‡j Abyf~wZ †Kgb nq, Zv
mncvVx‡ì m‡ Av‡jvPbv Kwi|
3. cÖwZwU c`v‡_©i Ggb Kx êwk ¨ Av‡Q hv evwK
c`v_©My‡jv‡Z †bB? mncvVx‡ì m‡ Av‡jvPbv
K‡i Q‡K wjwL|
4. cÖwZwU c`v‡_©i we‡kl GKwU KvR wjwL|

ivevi big c`v_©| Nlv w`‡j ÿq

nq| Pvc w`‡j msKzwPZ nq|

w÷‡ji PvgP I Ab¨vb¨ wRwbmcÎ

AvNvZ Ki‡j SbSb kã nq|
2024

48
cÖv_wgK weÁvb

djvdj

9. Pz¤^‡Ki aviYv
Pz¤^K GKwU we‡kl ai‡bi c`v_©| Gi wKQz gRvi ˆewk ¨ Av‡Q| P‡jv, Pz¤^K m¤c‡K© wKQz ARvbv Z_¨ Lyu‡R
†ei Kwi|

Pz¤^K w`‡q Kx Kiv hvq?

KvR: wewfbœ c`v‡_©i cÖwZ Pz¤^‡Ki AvPiY cix¶v
hv cÖ‡qvRb: †mdwUwcb, KvMR, cøvw÷‡Ki gM, gvwU, †jvnvi UzK‡iv, Rvbvjvi wMÖj

hv Ki‡Z n‡e :

1. Wvb w`‡K †`Lv‡bv Q‡Ki g‡Zv GKwU QK ˆZwi Kwi| Pz¤^K †h c`v_©My‡jv Pz¤^K †h c`v_©My‡jv‡K
2. wb‡P †`Lv‡bv Qwei c`v_©My‡jv‡K Pz¤^K w`‡q ¯ck© Kv‡Q Uv‡b Kv‡Q Uv‡b bv
Kwi|
3. Kx NU‡Q j¶ Kwi|
4. ch©‡e¶‡Yi djvdj Wvb cv‡ki Q‡K wjwL|

2024

49
c`v_©

djvdj

wKQz c`v_© Pz¤^K‡K Kv‡Q Uv‡b| Avi wKQz c`v_© Pz¤^K‡K Kv‡Q Uv‡b bv|

Pz¤^K m¤c‡K© Av‡iv wKQz Rvwb ...

Avgiv †`‡LwQ, Pz¤^K †jvnv ev †jvnvRvZxq c`v_©‡K Kv‡Q Uv‡b| Pz¤^K †h c`v_©My‡jv‡K Kv‡Q Uv‡b, †mMy‡jv‡K
†PŠ¤^K c`v_© e‡j| Pz¤^K †h c`v_©My‡jv‡K Kv‡Q Uv‡b bv, †mMy‡jv‡K A‡PŠ¤^K c`v_© e‡j| †hgb: KvMR, gvwU,
cøvw K BZ¨vw`| wewfbœ AvK…wZi Pz¤^K cvIqv hvq| ` Pz¤^K, Ak¦Lyi AvK…wZi Pz¤^K, wmwjÛvi AvK…wZi Pz¤^K,
BD (U) AvK…wZi Pz¤^K, †evZvg Pz¤^K, wis AvK…wZi Pz¤^K|

Ak¦Lyi AvK…wZi BD (U) wmwjÛvi AvK…wZi

` Pz¤^K wis AvK…wZi Pz¤^K †evZvg Pz¤^K
Pz¤^K AvK…wZi Pz¤^K Pz¤^K
Pz¤^‡Ki wKQz gRvi ˆewk ¨ Av‡Q| †hgb: ` Pz¤^K‡K gy fv‡e Szwj‡q †Q‡o w`‡j GwU me mgq DËi-`w¶‡Y
gyL K‡i _v‡K| Pz¤^KwU nvZ w`‡q Nywi‡q †Q‡o w`‡j GwU Avevi DËi-`w¶Y w`K eivei wd‡i Av‡m|
gy fv‡e Szwj‡q w`‡j Pz¤^‡Ki †h cÖvšÍ DËi w`‡K gyL K‡i _v‡K, †mwU Pz¤^‡Ki DËi †giy; Avi †h cÖvšÍ `w¶Y
w`‡K gyL K‡i _v‡K, †mwU Pz¤^‡Ki `w¶Y †giy|
2024

GKwU Pz¤^‡Ki DËi †giy Avi Ab¨ GKwU Pz¤^‡Ki `w¶Y †giy KvQvKvwQ wb‡q G‡j, cÖvšÍ `ywU ci¯úi‡K Kv‡Q
Uv‡b| GUv‡K AvKl©Y e‡j| Ab¨w`‡K, GKwU Pz¤^‡Ki DËi †giy Avi GKwU Pz¤^‡Ki DËi †giyi Kv‡Q wb‡q

50
cÖv_wgK weÁvb

G‡j, Zviv G‡K Aci‡K `~‡i †V‡j †`q| GUv‡K weKl©Y e‡j| GKBfv‡e †Kv‡bv Pz¤^‡Ki `w¶Y †giy Ab¨ GKwU
Pz¤^‡Ki `w¶Y †giyi Kv‡Q wb‡q G‡j Pz¤^K `ywU ci¯úi‡K weKl©Y K‡i|

AvKl©Y

weKl©Y

10. ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b e¯Íyi mveavbx I `vwqZ¡kxj e¨envi

cÖwZw`b Avgiv bvbviKg e¯Íy eënvi Kwi| Gi g‡a¨ wKQz e¯Íy Av‡Q wec¾bK| wKQz e¯Íy f yi, Avevi wKQz e¯Íy
AZ¨šÍ g~jëvb| e¯Íyi aib Abymv‡i e¯Íyi eënv‡i Avgv‡ì mZK© I `vwqZ¡kxj nIqv DwPZ|

e¯Íyi e¨env‡i Kxfv‡e `vwqZ¡kxj I mveavbx nIqv hvq?

KvR: e¯Íyi e¨env‡i Kx mgm¨v n‡Z cv‡i Zv wPw Z Kiv Ges mgm¨v Gov‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq e¨e v †bIqv|

hv Ki‡Z n‡e :

1. cv‡ki Q‡Ki g‡Zv GKwU QK AvuwK| e¯Íyi bvg AmZK© eënv‡i Kx Kxfv‡e eënvi
2. wb‡Pi Qwe‡Z †Ìqv e¯ÍyMy‡jv †`wL| GMy‡jv mgm¨v n‡Z cv‡i? Ki‡Z n‡e?
eënv‡ii mgq Kx mgm¨v n‡Z cv‡i?
3. mgm¨v Gov‡bvi Rb¨ Kx Ki‡Z n‡e?
mncvVx‡ì m‡ Av‡jvPbv K‡i Q‡K wjwL|
2024

51
c`v_©

Kxfv‡e e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e?

Mig e¯Íy ai‡j nvZ cy‡o hv‡e|
Kx Kiv hvq?

e¯ÍywU Vv v nIqvi Rb¨ A‡c¶v Ki‡Z n‡e|

A_ev Kvco ev b¨vKov w`‡q ai‡Z n‡e|

mvims‡¶c

Mig e¯Íy ai‡j nvZ cy‡o hv‡e| ZvB e¯ÍywU Vv v nIqvi Rb¨ A‡c¶v Ki‡Z n‡e| Mig Ae vq hw` GKvšÍB
ai‡Z nq, Zvn‡j Kvco ev b¨vKovi mvnv‡h¨ ai‡Z n‡e| Kv‡Pi ˆZwi e¯Íy Ggbfv‡e e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e †hb
nvZ †_‡K c‡o †f‡O bv hvq| QzwiRvZxq aviv‡jv wRwbm aiv ev e¨env‡i mveavb _vK‡Z n‡e hv‡Z wb‡R ev
Ab¨ †KD †LvuPv †L‡q AvNvZcÖvß bv nq|
2024

52
cÖv_wgK weÁvb

P‡jv, cvwi wK bv †`wL|

1. c`v‡_©i `ywU cÖavb ˆewk ¨ wjwL|

K.
L.

2. Q‡Ki bvgMy‡jv †_‡K †KvbMy‡jv c`v_©, Zv Lyu‡R †ei Kwi| GMy‡jv †Kb c`v_©/ †Kb c`v_© bv, Zv wjwL|
bvg GUv wK c`v_©? †Kb?
Zvc
LvU
†jvnv
†PŠ¤^K ej
cøvw÷‡Ki cvÎ
¯‹z‡ji †e

3. wb‡Pi e¯ÍyMy‡jv †Kgb ai‡bi c`v_© (KwVb, Zij I evqexq) Zv kbv Kwi| †Kb GMy‡jv‡K KwVb, Zij
I evqexq c`v_© ejv n‡e, Zv-I wjwL|

bvg GUv †Kgb ai‡bi c`v_©? †Kb?

`ya
cv_i
†avuqv

4. wb‡Pi e¯Íy †RvovMy‡jvi g‡a¨ †Kvb ˆewk ¨ wfbœ Zv wjwL|

e¯Íy †Rvovi bvg †Kvb ˆewk ¨wU wfbœ
cv_‡ii UzK‡iv Ges †kvjvi ej
w÷‡ji Ges Kv‡Vi PvgP
2024

†gvg I †jvnvi iW

53
c`v_©

5. wb‡Pi e¯ÍyMy‡jv †Kgb ai‡bi c`v_© (†PŠ¤^K, A‡PŠ¤^K) Zv kbv Kwi|

eB, †jvnvi Avjgvwi, gvwU, wcb

†PŠ¤^K c`v_© A‡PŠ¤^K c`v_©

6. wb‡Pi e¯ÍyMy‡jvi †¶‡Î Kx ai‡bi mZK©Zv Aej¤^b Ki‡Z n‡e Zv wjwL|

e¯Íy mZK©Zv
Mig e¯Íy

Kv‡Pi ˆZwi e¯Íy

QzwiRvZxq aviv‡jv wRwbm

2024

54
cÖv_wgK weÁvb

Aa¨vq 5

kw
Avgv‡`i Pvicv‡k bvbvb ai‡bi kw i‡q‡Q| †h‡Kv‡bv Kv‡RB kw e¨en„Z nq| †hgb: evwZ R¡vjv‡bv,
†Uwjwfkb Pvjv‡bv, ivbœvi Kv‡R kw i cÖ‡qvRb nq| kw Kx?

1. kw i wewfbœ aib
kw i wewfbœ aib ev iƒc Av‡Q| Pvicvk †_‡K Avgiv kw i wewfbœ iƒc Lyu‡R †ei Ki‡Z cvwi|

Avgv‡`i Pvicv‡k Kx Kx ai‡bi kw i‡q‡Q?

KvR: kw i wewfbœ iƒc wPw Z Kiv|

Zzwg †Kv_vq?
Avwg †Zvgv‡K †`L‡Z
hv Ki‡Z n‡e : cvw”Q bv . . .
1. wb‡Pi cÖkœMy‡jv wb‡q fvwe- Avwg GLv‡b!
* hw` Av‡jv bv _v‡K Zvn‡j Kx n‡e?
* hw` we`y¨r bv _v‡K Zvn‡j Kx n‡e?
* hw` Zvc cvIqv bv hvq Zvn‡j Kx mgm¨v n‡e?
* hw` Avgiv kã kyb‡Z bv cvB Zvn‡j Kx n‡e?
2. Av‡jv, we`y¨r, Zvc Ges kã Avgv‡`i Kx Kv‡R jv‡M Zv wb‡q Avgiv wPšÍv Kwi Ges mncvVx‡`i m‡
Av‡jvPbv Kwi|

Avgvi Vv v jvM‡Q| Zzwg Kx ejQ? Avwg †Zvgvi

Avwg †Uwjwfkb Pvjv‡Z K_v kyb‡Z cvw”Q bv!
cviwQ bv †Kb? 2024

55
kw

mvims‡¶c

kw n‡jv Ggb wKQz, †Kv‡bv KvR Ki‡Z hv Aek¨B cÖ‡qvRb nq| Av‡jv, Zvc, we`¨yr, Ges kã n‡jv wewfbœ
ai‡bi kw |

kw i wewfbœ aib m¤c‡K© Av‡iv wKQz Rvwb ...

Av‡jvK kw
Av‡jv GK ai‡bi kw , hvi mvnv‡h¨ Avgiv †`wL| Av‡jv Qvov Avgiv
†Kv‡bv wKQzB †`L‡Z cvB bv| m~h© †_‡K Avgiv me‡P‡q †ewk Av‡jvK
kw cvB|

we`y¨r kw
we`y¨r n‡jv Ggb GK ai‡bi kw hvi mvnv‡h¨ Avgiv wewfbœ ai‡bi
ê`ÿwZK hš¿cvwZ PvjvB| Avgiv we`ÿr cvB g~jZ evwoi ê`y¨wZK ms‡hvM
A_ev e¨vUvwi †_‡K|

Zvc kw
Zvc n‡jv GK ai‡bi kw hv †Kv‡bv e¯Íy‡K Mig iv‡L| †Kv‡bv wKQz
†cvov‡j Avgiv Zvc cvB| GgbwK `ywU e¯Íy †hgb: Avgv‡`i `yB nv‡Zi Zvjy
Nl‡jI Avgiv Zvc kw cvB| m~h© Zv‡ci Ab¨Zg Drm|

kã kw
kã GK ai‡bi kw | k‡ãi mvnv‡h¨ Avgiv kyb‡Z cvB| †Kv‡bv e¯Íy‡K
AvNvZ K‡i kã ˆZwi Kiv hvq|
2024

56
cÖv_wgK weÁvb

2. kw i e¨envi
Avgiv †R‡bwQ, kw i wewfbœ aib i‡q‡Q| ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡bi wewfbœ KvR Kivi Rb¨ kw i cÖ‡qvRb|

Avgiv Kxfv‡e kw e¨envi K‡i _vwK?

KvR: kw i e¨envi †LvuRv

hv Ki‡Z n‡e :

wb‡P †`Lv‡bv Q‡Ki g‡Zv GKwU QK AvuwK|

kw i aib kw e¨env‡ii vb kw i e¨envi

1. wb‡Pi QweMy‡jv j¶ Kwi| †Kvb Kv‡R †Kvb kw i eën„Z n‡”Q Zv Lyu‡R †ei Kwi Ges Q‡K wjwL|
2. kw i eënvi wb‡q mncvVx‡ì m‡ Av‡jvPbv Kwi|

ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b gvbyl Kxfv‡e kw

e¨envi K‡i? †Zvgv‡`i wK Avi †Kv‡bv
aviYv Av‡Q?
2024

57
kw

mvims‡¶c

Avgiv wewfbœfv‡e kw e¨envi K‡i _vwK| kw Avgv‡`i Rb¨ AZ¨šÍ MyiyZ¡c~Y©|

kw i e¨envi m¤c‡K© Av‡iv wKQz Rvwb ...

Av‡jvK kw
Ni Av‡jvwKZ Kivi Rb¨ Avgiv mvaviYZ Av‡jvK kw eënvi Kwi| iv¯Ívq hvbevnb wbqš¿Y Kivi Rb¨ UªvwdK
evwZ eënvi Kiv nq| GQvov wbivc‡` mgy`ªMvgx RvnvR I wegvb PjvP‡ji Rb¨ Av‡jvK ms‡KZ eënvi Kiv
nq|

Av‡jvK kw i e¨envi

we`y¨r kw
ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b wewfbœ hš¿cvwZ Pvjv‡bvi Rb¨ we`y¨‡Zi cÖ‡qvRb| †hgb: ˆe`y¨wZK evwZ, cvLv, †Uwjwfkb,
wd«R, †Ljbv Mvwo BZ¨vw` Pvjv‡bvi Rb¨ we`y¨r e¨envi Kiv nq|

we`¨yr kw i e¨envi
2024

58
cÖv_wgK weÁvb

Zvc kw
Zv‡ci mvnv‡h¨ †Kv‡bv e¯Íy‡K Avgiv Mig Ki‡Z cvwi| Lvevi ivbœv Kiv, Kvco kyKv‡bv, avb kyKv‡bv BZ¨vw`
Kv‡R Avgiv Zvckw e¨envi Kwi| GQvov kxZKv‡j kixi Dò ivL‡Z Avgiv Zvckw e¨envi Kwi|

Zvc kw i e¨envi

3. kw i AcPq †iva
Avgv‡`i Rb¨ kw AZ¨šÍ g~j¨evb| wKš‘ Avgiv bvbvfv‡e kw AcPq K‡i _vwK| kw i AcPq Kxfv‡e nq Zv
Rvb‡Z cvi‡j Avgiv mn‡RB kw i AcPq †iva Ki‡Z cvie|

Avgiv Kxfv‡e kw i AcPq †iva Ki‡Z cvwi?

KvR: wewfbœ †¶‡Î kw i AcPq Lyu‡R †ei Kiv

hv Ki‡Z n‡e :
wb‡Pi †`Lv‡bv Q‡Ki g‡Zv K‡i LvZvq GKwU QK ˆZwi Kwi|

†hfv‡e kw i AcPq nq

1. wb‡Pi QwewU j¶ Kwi| Qwe †`‡L †Kvb †Kvb †¶‡Î kw i AcPq n‡”Q Zv Lyu‡R †ei Kwi Ges Q‡K
wjwL|
2024

2. kw i AcP‡qi †¶Î m¤ú‡K© mncvVx‡`i m‡ Av‡jvPbv Kwi|

59
kw

ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b Avi

Kxfv‡e Avgiv kw i
AcPq K‡i _vwK?

mvims‡¶c

ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b Avgiv bvbvfv‡e kw i AcPq K‡i _vwK| kw GKwU AZ¨šÍ MyiyZ¡c~Y© m¤c`|
kw Qvov Avgv‡`i c‡¶ †eu‡P _vKv m¤¢e bq| ZvB Avgv‡`i kw i AcPq †iva Ki‡Z n‡e|

Av‡jvPbv

ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b Kxfv‡e kw i AcPq nq Zv Avgiv Rvb‡Z cvijvg| kw i AcPq Kxfv‡e †iva Kiv hvq,
2024

Zv wb‡q mncvVx‡`i m‡ Av‡jvPbv Kwi|

60
cÖv_wgK weÁvb

kw i AcPq †iva m¤c‡K© Av‡iv wKQz Rvwb ...

mvaviYZ Av‡jv, we`y¨r, Zvc ev Ab¨ †h‡Kv‡bv ai‡bi kw ˆZwi Ki‡Z †Zj, M¨vm, Kqjv BZ¨vw` eënvi
Kiv nq| c„w_ex‡Z GMy‡jvi cwigvY mxwgZ| GMy‡jv †kl n‡q †M‡j kw i NvUwZ †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i| Zv‡Z †eu‡P
_vKv K Ki n‡q hv‡e| ZvB Avgv‡ì kw i AcPq †iva Kiv DwPZ| wewfbœ Dcv‡q Avgiv kw i AcPq †iva
Ki‡Z cvwi| †hgb: Kv‡Ri †k‡l evmvevwo, we`¨vjq ev Awdm K‡¶ evwZ, cvLv BZ¨vw` e ivLv; wUwf †`Lv
†kl n‡j m‡ m‡ e Kiv; ivbœv †kl n‡jB Pzjv e Kiv; evievi wd«R †Lvjv †_‡K weiZ _vKv Ges KvR
†k‡l wd«‡Ri ìRv e Kiv; w`‡bi Av‡jvi m‡e©vËg eënvi Kiv BZ¨vw`|

2024

61
kw

P‡jv, cvwi wK bv †`wL|

1. wb‡Pi NUbvMy‡jv‡Z †Kvb kw `iKvi Zv Q‡K wjwL|

NUbv †Kvb ai‡bi kw `iKvi

Av‡jvwKZ Ni

†`qvjNwo Pjv

Pzjvq ivbœv Kiv

K¬v‡m wk¶‡Ki K_v ejv

2. ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b wewfbœ kw i AcPq Kxfv‡e †iva Kie Zv Q‡K wjwL| Gi d‡j †Kvb kw i mwVK
e¨envi n‡e Zv-I D‡jøL Kwi|
kw i AcPq kw i aib AcPq †iv‡ai Dcvq

1. wUwf Pj‡Q wKš‘ †KD

†`L‡Q bv|

2. ivbœv †kl wKš‘ Pzjv e

Kiv nqwb|

3. ch©vß w`‡bi Av‡jv _vKv

m‡Ë¡I ˆe`y¨wZK evwZ
R¡vjv‡bv|

4 webv Kvi‡Y Mvwoi nY©

evRv‡bv|
2024

62
cÖv_wgK weÁvb

Aa¨vq 6

e¯Íyi Dci e‡ji cÖfve

cÖ_g †kªwY‡Z Avgiv Uvb I av°v m¤c‡K© †R‡bwQ| Uvb I av°vB n‡jv ej cÖ‡qv‡Mi `ywU Dcvq|

av°v Uvb

1. AvK…wZ cwieZ©‡b ej
e¯Íy‡K Avgv‡`i Kv‡Q Avb‡Z A_ev Avgv‡`i †_‡K `~‡i mwi‡q w`‡Z ej cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z nq|

ej Avi Kx Kx Ki‡Z cv‡i?

KvR: e¯Íyi Dci e‡ji cÖfve ch©‡e¶Y
hv cÖ‡qvRb: Kv`vgvwU, ivevi e¨vÛ, cøvw÷‡Ki †¯‹j BZ¨vw`|

hv Ki‡Z n‡e :

1. wb‡P †`Lv‡bv Q‡Ki g‡Zv GKwU QK ˆZwi Kwi|

e¯Íyi bvg Kx ai‡bi ej Zzwg cÖ‡qvM K‡iQ? ej cÖ‡qv‡Mi ci AvK…wZ †Kgb n‡q‡Q?

Kv`vgvwU

ivevi e¨vÛ

cøvw÷‡Ki †¯‹j

KvMR

†cbwmj
2024

63
e¯Íyi Dci e‡ji cÖfve

2. e¯ÍyMy‡jvi Dci wewfbœ ai‡bi ej cÖ‡qvM Kwi| GMy‡jvi AvK…wZi Kx ai‡bi cwieZ©b nq Zv ch©‡e¶Y Kwi|
3. ch©‡e¶YMy‡jv Q‡K wjwL|
4. mncvVx‡`i m‡ wb‡Ri gZvgZ wewbgq Kwi|

ej cÖ‡qv‡Mi d‡j c`v‡_©i Kx

ai‡bi cwieZ©b nq?

Kv`vgvwU‡Z ej cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j

Kx nq Zv †f‡e †`‡LQ?

djvdj

Uvb, av°v ev evuKv‡bvi gva¨‡g Kv`vgvwU, ivevi e¨vÛ Ges cøvw÷‡Ki †¯‹‡j ej cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j Gme e¯Íyi
AvK…wZi cwieZ©b nq| Abyiƒc ej cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g KvMR fvR Kiv Ges †PvLv K‡i AvK…wZi cwieZ©b Kiv hvq|

Av‡jvPbv
1. ej e¯Íyi AvK…wZ cwieZ©b K‡i Ggb wKQz D`vniY ˆ`bw›`b Rxeb †_‡K Lyu‡R †ei K‡iv|
2. mncvVx‡`i m‡ wb‡Ri gZvgZ wewbgq K‡iv|

ej cÖ‡qv‡M e¯Íyi AvK…wZ cwieZ©b m¤c‡K© AviI wKQz Rvwb...

c`v‡_©i AvK…wZ cwieZ©‡b e‡ji cÖ‡qvRb| av°v, Pvc ev Uvb w`‡q
Avgiv Kv`vgvwU‡K bZzb AvK…wZ w`‡Z cvwi| ivevi e¨vÛ‡K †U‡b
Avgiv Gi AvK…wZ cwieZ©b Kwi| cøvw÷‡Ki †¯‹j‡K evuKv‡j GUv
A‡bKUv aby‡Ki AvK…wZ jvf K‡i| ej mwi‡q wb‡j A‡bK e¯Íy Zvi
Avmj AvK…wZ‡Z wd‡i hvq, †hgb: cøvw÷‡Ki †¯‹j, ivevi e¨vÛ|
A‡bK e¯Íy ej mwi‡q †bIqvi ciI Avmj AvK…wZ‡Z wd‡i hvq bv,
†hgb: Kv`vgvwU| ev¯Íe Rxe‡b wewfbœ e¯Íy‡Z e‡ji mvnv‡h¨ AvK…wZ
cwieZ©b Kiv nq| †hgb: gmjv evUvi Rb¨ wkj-cvUvi mvnv‡h¨ ej
2024

cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq Ges G‡Z gmjvi AvK…wZ cwieZ©b nq| gvwUi ˆZRmcÎ; †hgb: †cøU, Møvm Ges Kv‡Vi
AvmevecÎ ˆZwi‡Z e‡ji cÖ‡qvRb| Kvgv‡ii †`vKv‡b Mig †jvnvi cv‡Zi Dci h‡_ cwigvY ej cÖ‡qvM K‡i

64
cÖv_wgK weÁvb

Qzwi, KuvwP, †Kv`vj ˆZwii Kiv nq| †mZzi g‡Zv KvVv‡gv ˆZwi Kivi Rb¨ w÷‡ji j¤^v cvZ‡K ej cÖ‡qv‡Mi
gva¨‡g evuKv‡bv nq| avZe Zv‡ii Dci ej cÖ‡qvM K‡i †mwU evuwK‡q bvbv iKg Mqbv ˆZwi Kiv hvq| ej
cÖ‡qvM K‡i KvM‡Ri UzK‡iv fvuR K‡i wegvb, †bŠKv, dzjmn wewfbœ AvK…wZ ˆZwi Kiv hvq|

ivevi e¨vÛ Ges Kv`vgvwUi AvK…wZ cwieZ©‡b e‡ji cÖfve

2. AvKvi cwieZ©‡b ej
ej cÖ‡qv‡Mi d‡j e¯Íyi AvKv‡ii cwieZ©b N‡U| AvKvi ej‡Z mvaviYZ †Kvb e¯Íy KZUv e‡ov ev KZUv †Qv‡Uv
Zv †evSvq|

ej cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g Avi Kx Kx Kiv hvq?

KvR: cøvw÷‡Ki †evZ‡ji Dci ej cÖ‡qvM Kwi|
hv hv cÖ‡qvRb: XvKbv Qvov GKwU cøvw÷‡Ki †evZj|

hv Ki‡Z n‡e :

1. wb‡Pi Q‡Ki g‡Zv K‡i LvZvq GKwU QK ˆZwi Kwi|

ej cÖ‡qv‡Mi d‡j cøvw÷‡Ki

†evZ‡ji AvKv‡ii wK cwieZ©b nq?

2. nvZ w`‡q Lvwj cøvw÷‡Ki †evZ‡ji Dci ej cÖ‡qvM Kwi|

3. ej cÖ‡qv‡Mi d‡j cøvw÷‡Ki
†evZ‡ji AvKv‡ii cwieZ©b Q‡K wjwL |
4. mncvVx‡`i m‡ ej Kx Ki‡Z cv‡i, †m e¨vcv‡i wb‡Ri gZvgZ wewbgq Kwi|
2024

65
e¯Íyi Dci e‡ji cÖfve

cøvw÷‡Ki †evZ‡ji Dci Avgiv

Kxfv‡e ej cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cvwi?

ej cÖ‡qv‡Mi d‡j cøvw÷‡Ki

†evZ‡ji AvKv‡ii Kx cwieZ©b nq,
Zv wK Zzwg ej‡Z cv‡iv?

djvdj
hLb Avgiv nvZ Øviv av°v w`B ev Pvc w`B, cøvw÷‡Ki †evZ‡ji AvKvi †Qv‡Uv n‡q hvq|

ej cÖ‡qv‡M e¯Íyi AvKvi cwieZ©b m¤c‡K© Av‡iv wKQz Rvwb ...

GKwU Lvwj cøvw÷‡Ki †evZj‡K †gvPov‡bv n‡j †evZjwU msKzwPZ n‡q hvq ev Pzc‡m hvq| gv‡Sg‡a¨ Avgiv
iv¯Ívi Dci `ygov‡bv-gyPov‡bv wU‡bi †KŠUv c‡o _vK‡Z †`wL| GMy‡jv G Ae vq _vKvi KviY n‡jv iv¯Ívq
GB wU‡bi †KŠUvi Dci w`‡q Mvwo P‡j †M‡Q| d‡j Mvwoi PvKv Øviv GB wU‡bi †KŠUvMy‡jv wc n‡q †M‡Q|

3. AvqZb cwieZ©‡b ej
e‡ji gva¨‡g e¯Íyi AvqZb cwieZ©b Kiv hvq| hw` evZv‡m ej cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq, Zvn‡j Gi AvqZ‡bi Kx
n‡e?

ej Kxfv‡e evqyi AvqZb cwieZ©b K‡i?

KvR: e‡ji cÖfv‡e AvqZb cwieZ©b †`Lv|
hv cÖ‡qvRb: GKwU wmwiÄ

hv Ki‡Z n‡e :

1. GK nv‡Z GKwU wmwiÄ wbB Ges Ab¨ nvZ w`‡q Gi gyL e Kwi|
2. gyL e Ae vq wmwi‡Äi wc÷‡b ej cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g evZvm‡K msKzwPZ Kwi|
3. wmwi‡Äi †fZi evZv‡mi AvqZb cwieZ©b ch©‡e¶Y Kwi|
4. ej cÖ‡qvM e Kwi Ges cwieZ©b j¶ Kwi|
5. Kxfv‡e wmwi‡Äi evZv‡mi AvqZb cwieZ©b Ki‡Z cvwi, Zv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kwi|
2024

66
cÖv_wgK weÁvb

Kxfv‡e wmwi‡Äi evZv‡mi

AvqZb cwieZ©b Ki‡Z cvwi?

wc÷‡b ej cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g|

djvdj
Pvc cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g wmwi‡Ä evZvm msKzwPZ nq| d‡j evZv‡mi AvqZb K‡g hvq| Avevi Pvcgy Ki‡j
evZv‡mi AvqZb †e‡o hvq|

AvqZb cwieZ©‡b e‡ji f‚wgKv m¤c‡K© Av‡iv wKQz Rvwb ...

aiv hvK, †Zvgvi Kv‡Q GKwU evqy fiv †Qv‡Uv †ejyb Av‡Q| †ejybwU‡K k fv‡e †P‡c ai‡j j¶ Ki‡e †h,
GwUi AvqZb K‡g †M‡Q| Gi KviY n‡jv, †Zvgvi cÖ‡qvM Kiv ej †fZ‡ii evZvm‡K KvQvKvwQ †V‡j w`‡”Q|
hvi d‡j †ejybwU msKzwPZ n‡q Av‡iv Kg RvqMv wb‡”Q| Ab¨w`‡K, †ejybwU‡K †Q‡o w`‡j †fZ‡ii evqy Qwo‡q
co‡e Ges †ejybwU Avevi eo n‡q Zvi Avmj AvqZb wd‡i cv‡e| Gfv‡e ej c`v‡_©i AvqZb cwieZ©‡b MyiyZ¡c~Y©
fzwgKv iv‡L|
ev¯ÍeRxe‡b wewfbœ e¯Íy‡Z e‡ji mvnv‡h¨ AvqZb cwieZ©b Kiv
nq| cøvw÷‡Ki m‡mi †evZj †_‡K mm †ei Ki‡Z Avgiv ej
cÖ‡qvM K‡i Gi AvqZb cwieZ©b Kwi| cv‡¤úi wc÷‡b Pvc w`‡q
ej cÖ‡qvM K‡i evZv‡mi AvqZb Kgv‡bv nq| cieZ©x mg‡q evqy
mvB‡Kj ev wiKkvi PvKvi Uvqv‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i| evmvevwo‡Z ivbœvi
2024

Kv‡R e¨en„Z GjwcwR ˆZwii mgqI M¨v‡mi Dci ej cÖ‡qvM K‡i

AvqZb Kgv‡bv nq|
67
e¯Íyi Dci e‡ji cÖfve

4. ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b ej
Avgiv wewfbœ wRwbm‡K miv‡bvi Rb¨ Ges e¯Íyi AvK…wZ, AvKvi Ges AvqZb cwieZ©b Ki‡Z
ej cÖ‡qvM Kwi| ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b Av‡iv wewfbœ Kv‡R ej e¨en„Z nq|

ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b wewfbœ †¶‡Î Kxfv‡e Avgiv ej cÖ‡qvM Kwi?

KvR: e¯Íyi Dci e‡ji cÖfve ch©‡e¶Y

hv Ki‡Z n‡e :

1. wb‡P †`Lv‡bv Q‡Ki g‡Zv GKwU QK ˆZwi Kwi|

e‡ji aib

2. wb‡Pi QweMy‡jv †`wL Ges †Kvb ai‡bi ej cÖ‡qvM Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv kbv Kwi|
3. cÖ‡qvM Kiv e‡ji aib Q‡K wjwL|
4. mncvVx‡`i m‡ ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b Kx Kx ej cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq, Zv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kwi|
2024

68
cÖv_wgK weÁvb

ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b Kx Kx ej Avgiv

cÖ‡qvM Kwi, Zzwg wK †mUv Rv‡bv?

hLb dzUej ev wKª‡KU †Lj‡e, ZLb

Zzwg Kx ai‡bi ej e¨envi Ki‡e ?

djvdj
Avgiv †VjvMvwo‡Z av°v w`B, †Ljbv Mvwo‡K Uvwb, ivevi e¨vÛ‡K †U‡b eo Kwi| Kgjv A_ev †jeyi im
†ei Ki‡Z GMy‡jv‡K msKzwPZ Kwi Ges ivevi †¯‹j‡K evuKvB|

ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b ej cÖ‡qv‡Mi Dcvq m¤ú‡K© AviI wKQz Rvwb...

Avgiv ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b wewfbœ Dcv‡q ej cÖ‡qvM K‡i _vwK| Gme ej `yB cÖKvi, †hgb: ¯úk© ej Ges A¯úk©
ej| ¯úk© ej n‡jv †mB ej hv cÖ‡qv‡Mi Rb¨ `ywU e¯Íyi mivmwi ms¯ck© cÖ‡qvRb| †hgb: dzUej †Ljvi mgq
e‡j jvw_ †`Iqv, w ‡KU †Ljvi mgq ej Qz‡o gviv, KvM‡Ri Dci Kjg w`‡q †jLv| Uvb, av°v Ges Nl©Y ej
n‡jv ¯úk© ej| `ywU e¯Íyi GKwU‡K Ab¨wUi m‡ Nlv w`‡j Nl©Y ej ˆZwi nq|
A¯úk© ej cÖ‡qvM Kivi Rb¨ `ywU e¯Íyi mivmwi ms¯ck© cÖ‡qvRb nq bv| A¯ck© e‡ji D`vniY n‡jv †PŠ¤^Kxq
ej Ges gnvKl© ej| †PŠ¤^Kxq ej GKwU A`„k¨ ej, hvi gva¨‡g Pz¤^K †jvnv ev †jvnvRvZxq c`v_©‡K Kv‡Q
Uv‡b| gnvKl© e‡ji cÖfv‡e MvQ †_‡K dj f‚c„‡ô c‡o|

¯úk© ej 2024

A¯úk© ej

69
e¯Íyi Dci e‡ji cÖfve

P‡jv, cvwi wK bv †`wL|

1. gyL †Lvjv Ges gyL e `ywU cøvw÷‡Ki †evZj wbB| nvZ w`‡q †evZ‡j ej cÖ‡qvM Kwi| Kx N‡U j¶ Kwi
Ges Zv Q‡K wjwL|

ej cÖ‡qv‡M cwieZ©b
cøvw÷‡Ki †evZj cwieZ©‡bi KviY
Abygvb ch©‡e¶Y
gyL †Lvjv

gyL e

2. wb‡Pi wPÎMy‡jv‡Z Kx ai‡bi ej Zzwg cÖ‡qvM K‡iQ? ej cÖ‡qv‡Mi ci AvK…wZ †Kgb n‡q‡Q?

e¯Íyi bvg Kx ai‡bi ej Zzwg cÖ‡qvM K‡iQ? ej cÖ‡qv‡Mi ci AvK…wZ †Kgb n‡q‡Q?

1. †dv‡gi ej

2. †jvnvi †c‡iK

3. †fRv Kvco

4. cøvw÷‡Ki Kvc
2024

5. w¯cÖs

70
cÖv_wgK weÁvb

3. wb‡Pi ejMy‡jv †_‡K ¯úk© ej Ges A¯úk© ej kbv K‡i wb‡Pi Q‡K wjwL|

†PŠ¤^Kxq ej, Nl©Y ej, e‡j jvw_ †`Iqv, gnvKl© ej|

1.
¯ck© ej
2.

1.
A¯ck© ej
2.

4. wb‡Pi QweMy‡jvi wewfbœ NUbvq e¯Íyi Kx ai‡bi cwieZ©b n‡q‡Q (AvKvi, AvK…wZ, AvqZb) Zv kbv Kwi
Ges Q‡K wjwL|

ej cÖ‡qv‡Mi NUbv e¯Íyi cwieZ©‡bi aib

1. ivevi e¨vÛ‡K Uvbv

2. Mvwoi PvKv Øviv wU‡bi †KŠUv wc nIqv

3. †Qv‡Uv GKwU †ejyb‡K k fv‡e †P‡c aiv

2024

71
Aa¨vq 7

cvwb
c„w_exi Dcwi fv‡Mi Pvi fv‡Mi cÖvq wZb fvMB cvwb; wKš‘ me cvwb e¨env‡ivc‡hvMx bq|

1. cvwbi Drm
Avgiv cvwb cvb Kwi| †eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ cÖvYx I Dw™¢‡`i cvwbi cÖ‡qvRb| cvwb gvby‡li Rb¨ AZ¨šÍ MyiyZ¡c~Y©|

Avgiv †Kv_v †_‡K cvwb cvB?

KvR: Avgv‡`i Pvicv‡ki cwi‡e‡ki cvwbi Drm Lyu‡R †ei Kwi|
cvwbi Drm

hv Ki‡Z n‡e :

1. Wvb w`‡K †`Lv‡bv Q‡Ki g‡Zv K‡i GKwU QK ˆZwi Kwi| cvwbi Drm
2. cvwbi wewfbœ Drm Kx Kx Zv wb‡q wPšÍv Kwi Ges Q‡K cvwbi Drm-
My‡jvi GKwU ZvwjKv ˆZwi Kwi|
4. cvwbi Drm wb‡q mncvVx‡`i m‡ Av‡jvPbv Kwi|

cvb Kivi cvwb Avgiv †Kv_v

†_‡K cvB?

†bŠKv †Kv_vq P‡j?

mvims‡¶c
cvwbi wewfbœ Dr‡mi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q e„w , cyKzi, b`x-bvjv, Lvj-wej, nª`, mgy`ª BZ¨vw`| GQvov cvwbi Kj Ges
bjK‚c †_‡KI Avgiv cvwb cvB|
2024

72
cÖv_wgK weÁvb

cvwbi Drm m¤c‡K© Av‡iv wKQz Rvwb...

cvwbi DrmMy‡jv‡K `yB fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq: cÖvK…wZK Drm Ges gvby‡li ˆZwi Drm|

cvwbi cÖvK…wZK Drm

e„w , b`x-bvjv, Lvj-wej, nª` Ges mgy`ª n‡jv cvwbi cÖvK…wZK Drm|
e„w i cvwb
cÖvK…wZK Drm †_‡K cÖvß cvwbi g‡a¨ e„w i cvwbB me‡P‡q weky | Avgv‡`i †`‡k el©vKv‡j cÖPzi e„w cvZ
nq| e„w i cvwb, cyKzi, b`x, nvIi, Lvj-wej, nª` BZ¨vw`‡Z Rgv nq| e„w i cvwb f‚c„ô Ges f~Mf©
cvwb wn‡m‡e c„w_ex‡Z msMÖn Kiv nq|
f‚c„‡ôi cvwb
gvwUi Dc‡ii cvwbB n‡jv f‚c„‡ôi cvwb| †hgb: mvMi, gnvmvMi, b`x, Rjvf‚wg, cyKzi BZ¨vw`| f‚c„‡ôi
cvwb gvMZ mvMi, gnvmvMi, b`x, Rjvf‚wg I cyKzi †_‡K ev xf‚Z n‡”Q Ges cieZ©x mg‡q e„w i gva¨‡g
Zv f‚Mf© cvwb wn‡m‡e Rgv n‡”Q|
f‚Mf© cvwb
e„w i cvwb f‚c„‡ô cwZZ n‡q ax‡i ax‡i gvwUi Af¨šÍ‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i| f‚Mf© cvwb c„w_exi c„‡ôi wb‡P cv_i
Ges gvwUi ga¨eZ©x vbMy‡jv‡Z Aew Z| wewfbœ Dcv‡q Avgiv f‚Mf© cvwb †c‡q _vwK| cvnvwo A ‡j G
cvwb Sibvi AvKv‡i †ei n‡q Av‡m| mgZj A ‡j Avgiv K‚c Lbb K‡i Ges bjK‚‡ci gva¨‡g Avgiv †h
cvwb cvB, Zv n‡jv f‚Mf© cvwb|

cvwbi cÖvK…wZK Drm

gvby‡li ˆZwi cvwbi Drm
cyKzi, Kzqv, bjK‚c Ges cvwbi Kj †_‡KI Avgiv cvwb cvB| GMy‡jv gvby‡li ˆZwi cvwbi Drm|
2024

gvby‡li ˆZwi cvwbi Drm

73
cvwb

Av‡jvPbv

cvwbi DrmMy‡jv‡K Kqfv‡M fvM Kiv hvq?

1. Wv‡b †`Lv‡bv Q‡Ki g‡Zv GKwU QK ˆZwi Kwi| cvwbi cÖvK…wZK Drm gvby‡li ˆZwi cvwbi Drm
2. cvwbi DrmMy‡jv‡K cÖvK…wZK Drm Ges gvby‡li
ˆZwi Drm- GB `yB fv‡M mvRvB|
3. KvR wb‡q mncvVx‡`i m‡ Av‡jvPbv Kwi|

2. cvwbi aib
Avgiv cÖK…wZ ev cwi‡e‡k wewfbœ RvqMvq cvwb †`L‡Z cvB| Dr‡mi wfwË‡Z GB cvwb‡K `yB fv‡M fvM Kiv
hvq| h_v: cÖvK…wZK Drm Ges gvby‡li ˆZwi Drm| cÖK…wZ‡Z Drm we‡ePbvq Av‡iv wewfbœ ai‡bi cvwb cvIqv
hvq|

cvwbi aib Kx Kx?

KvR: wewfbœ ai‡bi cvwb Lyu‡R †ei Kiv

hv Ki‡Z n‡e :

1. wb‡Pi g‡Zv K‡i GKwU QK wbR wbR LvZvq AvuwK|

wgVv ev ¯^v`y cvwbi Drm jeYv cvwbi Drm

2. wb‡Pi I c‡ii c„ôvi Qwe †`‡L ¯^v`y I jeYv cvwbi Drm Lyu‡R †ei K‡i Q‡K wjwL|
3. aviYvMy‡jv wb‡q mncvVx‡`i m‡ Av‡jvPbv Kwi|
2024

74
cÖv_wgK weÁvb

cvwbi wewfbœ Drm

¯^v`y I jeYv cvwbi Avi Kx

Kx Drm Av‡Q?

†Kvb †Kvb Dr‡mi cvwb jeYv ?

mvims‡¶c
cvwb‡K Avgiv ¯^v`y cvwb I jeYv cvwb- GB `yB fv‡M fvM Ki‡Z cvwi|

cvwbi aib m¤c‡K© Av‡iv wKQz Rvwb...

jeYv ev †jvbv cvwb

†h cvwb‡Z jeY _v‡K, Zv‡K jeYv cvwb e‡j|
c„w_exi AwaKvsk cvwbB jeYv | Avgiv mvMi I
gnvmvMi †_‡K jeYv cvwb cvB|

¯^v`y cvwb ev wgVv cvwb

¯^v`y cvwb Ggb GK ai‡bi cvwb hv‡Z jeY †bB ev
_vK‡jI Zv‡Z je‡Yi cwigvY LyeB Kg| cÖvK…wZKfv‡e
m„ nª`, RjcÖcvZ, b`x, ZzlvicvZ, eid BZ¨vw` ¯^v`y
cvwbi cÖavb Drm|
Avgiv cyKzi, Kzqv, cvwbi Kj †_‡K ¯^v`y cvwb cvB|
2024

75
cvwb

Av‡jvPbv

†Kvb Dr‡mi cvwb cvb Kivi Dc‡hvMx Ges †Kvb Dr‡mi cvwb cvb Kivi Dc‡hvMx bq, Zv Lyu‡R †ei K‡i
Q‡K wjwL|

1. cv‡k †`Lv‡bv Q‡Ki g‡Zv GKwU QK ˆZwi Kwi| cvb Kivi Dc‡hvMx cvwb cv‡bi A‡hvM¨ cvwb
2. Q‡K cvb Kivi †hvM¨ Ges cv‡bi A‡hvM¨- GB
`yB ai‡bi cvwbi ZvwjKv ˆZwi Kwi|
3. KvR wb‡q mncvVx‡`i m‡ Av‡jvPbv Kwi|

cvwbi aib m¤c‡K© Av‡iv wKQz Rvwb...

me ai‡bi cvwb cvb Kiv wbivc` bq| cvb Kivi Rb¨ gvby‡li wbivc` cvwb cÖ‡qvRb| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv ¯^v`y
cvwb gvby‡li e¨env‡ii Rb¨ wbivc`, †hgb: †evZ‡j cÖw qvRvZ Kiv cvwb, dzUv‡bv cvwb Ges meyR is Kiv
bjK‚‡ci cvwb| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv ¯^v`y cvwb cvb ev ivbœv Kivi Rb¨ wbivc` bq, †hgb: cyKz‡ii cvwb, b`xi `~wlZ
cvwb Ges jvj is Kiv bjK‚‡ci cvwb| bjK‚‡ci cvwb mvaviYZ wbivc`| wKš‘ evsjv‡`‡ki †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv
GjvKvq bjK‚‡ci cvwb Av‡m©wbKhy | Av‡m©wbKhy cvwb e¨env‡i Pg©‡ivM Ges K¨vÝvi n‡Z cv‡i| Av‡m©wbKhy
cvwbi Avjv`v ¯^v`, is ev M †bB| ZvB bjK‚‡c meyR Ges jvj is Kivi gva¨‡g wbivc` I Awbivc`
cvwb wPw Z Kiv nq|

Awbivc` cvwb

wbivc` cvwb
2024

76
cÖv_wgK weÁvb

3. cvwbi eënvi
cÖwZw`b Avgiv wewfbœ Kv‡R cvwb eënvi K‡i _vwK| Rx‡ei †eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ cvwb cÖ‡qvRb| gvbyl ˆ`bw›`b
Rxe‡b bvbvfv‡e cvwb eënvi K‡i| P‡jv, Avgiv ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b Kx Kx Kv‡R cvwb eënvi Kwi Zv Lyu‡R
†ei Kwi|

Kx Kx Kv‡R cvwb e¨envi Kwi?

KvR: cvwbi e¨envi Lyu‡R †ei Kiv

hv Ki‡Z n‡e :

1. wb‡Pi g‡Zv K‡i GKwU QK AvuwK |

†hme Kv‡R Avgiv cvwb e¨envi Kwi

2. Kx Kx Kv‡R cvwb eënvi Kwi †m m¤ú‡K© wPšÍv Kwi Ges aviYvMy‡jv Q‡K wjwL|
3. aviYvMy‡jv wb‡q mncvVx‡ì m‡ Av‡jvPbv Kwi| ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b cvwbi eënvi m¤ú‡K© K_v ewj|

Avgiv KLb ev †Kv_vq cvwb

e¨envi Kwi?

Avgiv mKv‡j cvwb w`‡q nvZ-gyL

ayB, cvwb cvb Kwi, cvwb w`‡q
†Mvmj Kwi|
2024

77
cvwb

mvims‡¶c
Avgiv wewfbœ Kv‡R cvwb e¨envi Kwi| cvb Kiv, ivbœv Kiv, _vjvevmb †avqv, †g‡S cwi vi, `vuZ gvRv,
†Mvmj Kiv, Kvco †avqv, Pvlvev` Kiv, dmj djv‡Z, grm¨ Lvgv‡i Ges KjKviLvbvq cvwb e¨envi Kwi|

cvwbi e¨envi m¤c‡K© Av‡iv wKQz Rvwb...

ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b wewfbœ Kv‡R cvwb eënvi Kiv QvovI cvwbi Ab¨vb¨ eënvi Av‡Q| †hgb: we`y¨r Drcv`‡b
cvwb eënvi Kiv nq| GRb¨ b`x‡Z evua w`‡q we`y¨r Drcv`b Kiv nq| MvQcvjv Ges gv‡Qi e„w I †eu‡P
_vKvi RbÏ cvwbi cÖ‡qvRb nq|

cvwbi e¨envi

4. Avgv‡`i Rxe‡b cvwbi MyiyZ¡

Avgiv wewfbœ Dcv‡q cvwb e¨envi K‡i _vwK| cvwb Qvov Avgiv evuP‡Z cvwi bv| ZvB Avgv‡`i Rxe‡bi Rb¨
cvwb AZ¨šÍ MyiyZ¡c~Y©|

Avgv‡`i Rxe‡b cvwbi GZ cÖ‡qvRb †Kb?

KvR: cvwbi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Lyu‡R †ei Kiv
hv Ki‡Z n‡e :

1. cv‡ki wP‡Îi g‡Zv K‡i GKwU aviYvwPÎ AvuwK|

2. †hme Kv‡R cvwb eënvi Kwi, †mB KvR ev `„‡kï
K_v g‡b Kwi| wb‡Pi QweMy‡jv †`wL| cvwb bv
cvwb bv
_vK‡j Kx n‡e Zv wb‡q wPšÍv Kwi I aviYvwP‡Î
_vK‡j Kx
wjwL| n‡e?
3. mncvVx‡ì m‡ aviYvMy‡jv wb‡q gZwewbgq
Kwi| Avgv‡ì Rxe‡bi Rb¨ cvwb †Kb MyiyZ¡c~Y©
2024

Zv Av‡jvPbv Kwi|

78
cÖv_wgK weÁvb

cvwb bv _vK‡j av‡bi PvivMy‡jv gviv hv‡e|

cvwb bv _vK‡j Avgv‡`i Rxe‡b Kx n‡e?

mvims‡¶c
cÖvYx I Dw™¢‡ì †eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ cvwbi cÖ‡qvRb| cvwb bv _vK‡j wccvmv jvM‡j Avgiv cvwb cvb Ki‡Z
cviZvg bv| cvwb eënvi K‡i Avgiv dmj djvB| Avgv‡ì †ewki fvM Lv`¨ Av‡m Dw™¢` Ges cÖvYx †_‡K|
GB Dw™¢` Ges cÖvYx †eu‡P _vKv Ges †e‡o IVvi Rb¨ cvwbi cÖ‡qvRb|

cvwbi MyiyZ¡ m¤c‡K© Av‡iv wKQz Rvwb...

cvwbi Afv‡e kywK‡q hvIqv gvV cvwbi Afv‡e kywK‡q hvIqv b`x
2024

79
cvwb

5. cvwbi h_vh_ e¨envi

Avgv‡`i Rxe‡b cvwbi MyiyZ¡ A‡bK †ewk| ZvB cvwbi AcPq bv K‡i h_vh_ e¨envi Kiv DwPZ|

Avgiv Kxfv‡e cvwbi h_vh_ e¨envi Ki‡Z cvwi?

KvR: cvwbi AcPq Lyu‡R †ei Kiv

hv Ki‡Z n‡e :

1. cv‡ki wP‡Îi g‡Zv K‡i GKwU aviYvwPÎ AvuwK|

2. wb‡Pi QweMy‡jv †`‡L KLb Ges Kxfv‡e cvwbi AcPq Kxfv‡e
cvwbi AcPq
nq, Zv wb‡q wPšÍv Kwi Ges Zv aviYvwP‡Î wjwL|
nq?
3. aviYvMy‡jv wb‡q mncvVx‡`i m‡ Av‡jvPbv Kwi|

cvwb e¨env‡ii mgq Avgiv Kxfv‡e cvwbi

AcPq Kwi?

Avgiv `vuZ eªvk Kivi mgq †ewm‡bi Kj

†Q‡o †i‡L cvwbi AcPq K‡i _vwK|
2024

80
cÖv_wgK weÁvb

mvims‡¶c

Avgiv wewfbœ Dcv‡q cvwbi AcPq Ges cÖ‡qvR‡bi AwZwi e¨envi †iva Ki‡Z cvwi| †hgb: `vuZ eªvk Kivi
mgq Aí cvwbi e¨venvi Kiv, nvZ ev gyL †avqvi ci cvwbi KjwU e K‡i †i‡L cvwbi AcPq †iva Ki‡Z
cvwi|

Av‡jvPbv
Zzwg nvZ †avqv Ges `vuZ eªvk Kivi
Avgiv Kxfv‡e cvwbi AcPq †iva Kie? mgq Kxfv‡e cvwb e¨envi Ki‡e?
1. wb‡Pi g‡Zv GKwU QK ˆZwi Kwi|
2. evwo ev we`¨vj‡q wewfbœ v‡b Kxfv‡e cvwbi AcPq nq Zv wb‡q wPšÍv Kwi|
3. ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b cvwbi AcPq †iv‡ai DcvqMy‡jv Q‡K wjwL|
5. mncvVx‡`i m‡ gZ wewbgq Kwi|

cvwb AcPq †iv‡ai Dcvq

cvwbi h_vh_ e¨envi m¤c‡K© Av‡iv wKQz Rvwb...

c„w_ex c„‡ôi Pvi fv‡Mi cÖvq wZb fvM cvwb n‡jI cv‡bi †hvM¨ cvwb LyeB mxwgZ| Avgv‡ì RbmsL¨v hZ
evo‡Q, ZZ †ewk gvbyl GB mxwgZ cvwb eënvi Ki‡Q| ZvB cvwbi h_vh_ eënv‡i Avgv‡ì hZœkxj nIqv
cÖ‡qvRb| cvwb‡K AcPq Kiv DwPZ bq|

2024

wbivc` cvwb msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ gvby‡li wfo|

81
cvwb

Avgiv wewfbœfv‡e cvwbi AcPq †iva Ki‡Z cvwi| †hgb: `vuZ eªvk Kivi mgq cvwbi Kj e ivLv, nvZ ev
gyL †avqvi ci cvwbi KjwU e K‡i †`Iqv|

evjwZ‡Z cvwb f‡i Zvici _vjv eënv‡ii ci cvwbi Kj e eënv‡ii ci Aewk cvwb w`‡q
evmb †avqv ivLv MvQcvjvq cvwb †`qv
A‡b‡KB _vjvevmb, nvZ-cv †avqv, †Mvmj Kivi mgq cvwbi Kj, †Mvm‡ji Sibv BZ¨vw` AcÖ‡qvR‡b Pvjy
iv‡L, hv Kiv DwPZ bq| cvwbi AcPq †iv‡a cv‡Î cvwb f‡i Zvici Zv eënvi Ki‡Z cvwi| cvwbi b‡j
wQ`ª _vK‡j Zv `ªæZ †givgZ Ki‡Z cvwi| G‡Z K‡i cvwbi h_vh_ eënviI n‡e; Avevi cvwbi AcPq †iva
KivI hv‡e|cvwb cvb Kivi ci hw` Møv‡mi Zjvq wKQzUv cvwb _v‡K, Zv Mv‡Qi †Mvovq Xvjv ev Kvco †avqvi
evjwZ‡Z Rgv ivLv|
2024

82
cÖv_wgK weÁvb

P‡jv, cvwi wK bv †`wL|

1. Drm Abymv‡i QweMy‡jv‡K wb‡Pi Q‡K mvRvB|

cÖvK…wZK Drm gvby‡li ˆZwi Drm

2 . wb‡Pi Q‡K cvwbi DrmMy‡jv‡K mvRvB Ges KviY wjwL|

cvwbi aib
Drm KviY
wbivc` Awbivc`
cyKzi
b`x
mgy`ª
2024

meyR is wPw Z bjK‚c

83
cvwb

3. wb‡Pi Q‡K cvwbi DrmMy‡jv‡K mvRvB Ges KviY wjwL|

cvwbi aib
Drm KviY
jeYv wgVv cvwb
Sibv
b`x
mgy`ª
gnvmvMi

4. cvwbi 5wU e¨envi wb‡Pi Q‡K wjwL|

cvwbi e¨envi
1.

5.
2024

84
cÖv_wgK weÁvb

Aa¨vq 8

gvwU
gvwU n‡jv c„w_exi Dcwi fv‡Mi big AveiY| gvwU‡Z wewfbœ Dw™¢` Rb¥vq| gvwUi Dci gvbyl Nievwo ˆZwi
K‡i emevm K‡i| ZvQvov AmsL¨ cÖvYxi Avevm j n‡jv gvwU|

1. gvwUi Dcv`vb
gvwU Kx w`‡q ˆZwi? P‡jv, gvwU‡Z Kx Kx Av‡Q Zv Lyu‡R †ei Kwi|

cÖkœ: gvwU Kx w`‡q ˆZwi?

KvR: gvwUi Dcv`vb ch©‡e¶Y
Avgv‡`i hv cÖ‡qvRb:
GKwU cwi vi cøvw÷K †evZj, gvwU, cvwb

hv Ki‡Z n‡e :

1. †kªwYK‡¶i evB‡i wM‡q wKQz gvwU msMÖn K‡i Avwb|

2. cøvw÷‡Ki †evZ‡j mvgvb¨ cwigvY gvwU †i‡L †evZ‡ji †fZ‡i cvwb Xvwj|
3. cøvw÷K †evZ‡ji gyLwU fv‡jvfv‡e e Kwi Ges cøvw÷‡Ki †evZjwU fv‡jvfv‡e SvuKvB|
4. gvwU‡Z Kx Kx _vK‡Z cv‡i Zv Abygvb Kwi I LvZvq wjwL|
5. wgkªYwU g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i ch©‡e¶Y Kwi Ges wgkª‡Y hv †c‡qwQ Zv LvZvq wjwL|
6. aviYvMy‡jv wb‡q mncvVx‡`i m‡ Av‡jvPbv Kwi| gvwU Kx Kx w`‡q ˆZwi Zv wb‡q K_v ewj|

Avgiv †evZ‡ji cvwbi †evZ‡ji

Dcwifv‡M, gvSLv‡b Dc‡ii As‡k
Ges †evZ‡ji wb‡P wKQz wRwbm †f‡m
wewfbœ wRwbm †`L‡Z Av‡Q| wb‡P
cvw”Q! GMy‡jv Kx? evwj, cv_i †`Lv
2024

hv‡”Q|

85
gvwU

Av‡jvPbv

gvwU Kx Kx w`‡q ˆZwi? gvwUi Dcv`vbMy‡jv

1. Wv‡b †`Lv‡bv Q‡Ki g‡Zv GKwU QK ˆZwi Kwi|
2. Dc‡ii cix¶Y †_‡K gvwU‡Z Kx Kx Dcv`vb
†c‡qwQ Zv Q‡K wjwL|
3. gvwU Kx w`‡q ˆZwi Zv wb‡q mncvVx‡`i m‡
Av‡jvPbv Kwi|

djvdj

bywocv_i, evjy, Kv`v, cvwb, Dw™¢‡`i wewfbœ cPv Ask BZ¨vw` Dcv`vb w`‡q gvwU ˆZwi n‡q‡Q|

gvwUi Dcv`vb m¤c‡K© Av‡iv wKQz Rvwb...

gvwU n‡jv c„w_exi Dc‡ii ¯Íi, hv c„w_exi c„ô‡K †X‡K †i‡L‡Q| wewfbœ Dcv`v‡bi mgš^‡q gvwU MwVZ| G me
Dcv`v‡bi wfbœZvi Kvi‡Y gvwU wewfbœ cÖKv‡ii n‡q _v‡K| Avgiv hLb gvwU‡Z cvwb Xvwj, ZLb gvwU †_‡K
ey`&ey` †ei nq| G‡Z eySv hvq gvwU‡Z evqy Av‡Q| Avgiv cøvw÷‡Ki †evZ‡j gvwUi wewfbœ ai‡bi Dcv`vb
†`L‡Z cvB| gvwU bywocv_i, evjy, cwj, Kv`v, cvwb, evqy BZ¨vw` w`‡q ˆZwi nq| GQvov Dw™¢` Ges cÖvYxi
g„Zy¨i ci †mMy‡jvi †`n c‡P gvwU‡Z wg‡k hvq Ges mg‡qi m‡ m‡ cwiewZ©Z nq| G‡K ejv nq wnDgvm|
wnDgvm mvaviYZ Kv‡jv ev Mvp i‡Oi nq| wnDgvm Mv‡Qi e„w ‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i|
2024

86
cÖv_wgK weÁvb

2. gvwUi ˆewk ¨
gvwU mvaviYZ wZb ai‡bi| Gu‡Uj gvwU, †`vAvuk gvwU Ges †e‡j gvwU| aib Abyhvqx gvwUi ˆewk‡ ¨ wfbœZv
Av‡Q|

cÖkœ: wewfbœ ai‡bi gvwUi ˆewk ¨ Kx?

KvR: wewfbœ ai‡bi gvwUi ˆewk ¨
Avgv‡`i hv cÖ‡qvRb: wewfbœ ai‡bi gvwU, mv`v KvMR BZ¨vw`|

hv Ki‡Z n‡e :

1. wb‡P †`Lv‡bv Q‡Ki g‡Zv LvZvq GKwU QK AvuwK|

ˆewk ¨ bgybv-1 bgybv-2 bgybv -3

gvwUi is
nv‡Z ai‡j Abyf‚wZ
gvwUi KYvMy‡jvi AvKvi

2. wZb ai‡bi gvwUi bgybv mv`v KvM‡Ri Dci ivwL Ges bgybv- 1, bgybv-2, bgybv-3 wn‡m‡e wPw Z Kwi|
3. wZb iK‡gi gvwU ch©‡e¶Y K‡i êwk ¨My‡jv Q‡K wjwL|
4. mncvVx‡ì m‡ gZwewbgq Kwi| wewfbœ ai‡bi gvwUi êwk ¨ m¤c‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kwi Ges

GMy‡jvi wgj I AwgjMy‡jv Lyu‡R †ei Kwi|

djvdj

gvwUi is, MVb, KYvi AvKvi BZ¨vw` ˆewk‡ ¨i wfwË‡Z gvwU wewfbœ ai‡bi nq|

ˆewk ¨ bgybv-1 (†e‡j gvwU) bgybv-2 (†`vuAvk gvwU) bgybv-3 (Gu‡Uj gvwU)
nvjKv ev`vwg †_‡K
gvwUi is Kv‡jv jvj‡P
nvjKv a~mi
†fRv gvwU nv‡Z ai‡j
nv‡Z ai‡j Abyf‚wZ kyKbv Ges `vbvgq big I kyK‡bv
AvVv‡jv
2024

gvwUi KYvMy‡jvi
eo wewfbœ AvKv‡ii †Qv‡Uv
AvKvi

87
gvwU

gvwUi ˆewk ¨ m¤c‡K© Av‡iv wKQz Rvwb...

†e‡j gvwU
†e‡j gvwU gvaviYZ nvjKv ev`vwg †_‡K nvjKv a~mi i‡Oi
nq| †e‡j gvwUi KYvMy‡jv Gu‡Uj I †`vAvuk gvwUi KYvi †P‡q
e‡ov| gvwU kyKbv Ges nv‡Z `vbvgq jv‡M|
†`vAvuk gvwU
†`vAvuk gvwUi is Kv‡jv| nv‡Z ai‡j big Ges kyK‡bv
Abyfe nq| †`vAvuk gvwUi KYvMy‡jv wewfbœ AvKv‡ii|

Gu‡Uj gvwU
Gu‡Uj gvwU mvaviYZ jvj‡P i‡Oi nq| cvwbi ms¯ú‡k© Gu‡Uj
gvwU big nq, Avevi kyKv‡j LyeB k nq| †fRv gvwU nv‡Z
ai‡j AvVv‡jv g‡b nq; wKš‘ kyK‡bv gvwU gm„Y| wZb iK‡gi
gvwUi g‡a¨ Gu‡Uj gvwUi KYv me‡P‡q †QvU|

3. gvwUi cvwbaviY ¶gZv

B‡Zvg‡a¨ Avgiv wewfbœ ai‡bi gvwUi ˆewk ¨ m¤ú‡K© †R‡bwQ| †hgb: is, MVb, gvwUi KYvi AvKvi Ges
G‡Z _vKv Ab¨vb¨ c`v‡_©i Dcw wZ BZ¨vw`| GMy‡jvi g‡Zv gvwUi cvwb avi‡Yi ¶gZvI GKwU ˆewk ¨|

†Kvb ai‡bi gvwUi cvwbaviY ¶gZv †ewk ev Kg?

KvR: gvwUi cvwbaviY ¶gZv ch©‡e¶Y

Avgv‡`i hv `iKvi : Gu‡Uj gvwU, †`vAvuk gvwU Ges †e‡j gvwU, cvwb, cøvw÷‡Ki †evZj, Kvc‡oi UzKiv,
Kvu‡Pi Møvm, ivevi e¨vÛ BZ¨vw`|
2024

88
cÖv_wgK weÁvb

hv Ki‡Z n‡e :
1. wb‡Pi g‡Zv K‡i GKwU QK ˆZwi Kwi|

†e‡j gvwU †`vAvuk gvwU Gu‡Uj gvwU

gvwUi ga¨ w`‡q cvwb
KZ `ªæZ PzB‡q hvq?
cv‡Î Rgv cvwbi
cwigvY

2. wk¶‡Ki mvnvh¨ wb‡q cøvw÷‡Ki wZbwU cvwbi †evZ‡ji Dc‡ii AskwU †K‡U †dwj Ges ivevi e¨vÛ Ges
Kvc‡oi UzK‡iv w`‡q wP‡Îi g‡Zv K‡i wZbwU dv‡bj ˆZwi Kwi|
3. Gevi ˆZwi Kiv dv‡b‡j mgcwigv‡Y wewfbœ ai‡bi gvwU wbB|
4. wb‡Pi Qwei g‡Zv cøvw÷‡Ki †evZjMy‡jvi wb‡Pi As‡k dv‡bjMy‡jv ivwL|
5. †Kvb gvwUi ga¨w`‡q cvwb ZvovZvwo co‡e Zv Abygvb Kwi|
6. Gevi GKB cwigvY cvwb wZbwU dv‡b‡j ax‡i ax‡i Xvwj|
7. †Kvb gvwUi ga¨ w`‡q KZ `ªæZ cvwb PzB‡q hvq Ges Rgv nIqv cvwbi cwigvY ch©‡e¶Y K‡i Zv Q‡K
wjwL|

Gu‡Uj gvwU †e‡j gvwU †`vAvuk gvwU

Av‡jvPbv
2024

gvwUi ˆewk ¨My‡jv Kx Kx ?

89
gvwU

1. †Kvb ai‡bi gvwUi ga¨ w`‡q cvwb ZvovZvwo †h‡Z cv‡i?
2. †Kvb ai‡bi gvwUi ga¨ w`‡q cvwb me‡P‡q axiMwZ‡Z hvq?
3. †Kvb ai‡bi gvwU me‡P‡q †ewk cvwb aviY Ki‡Z cv‡i?

djvdj

cix¶‡Yi gva¨‡g Rvbjvg †h, wewfbœ gvwUi cvwbavi‡Yi ¶gZv wewfbœ iK‡gi| †hgb: †e‡j gvwUi cvwbaviY
¶gZv LyeB Kg| ZvB †e‡j gvwUi ga¨ w`‡q cvwb Lye `ªæZ P‡j †h‡Z cv‡i| †`vAvuk gvwUi ga¨ w`‡qI cvwb
fv‡jvfv‡e †h‡Z cv‡i, Z‡e †e‡j gvwUi †P‡q A‡c¶vK…Z ax‡i ax‡i hvq| †`vuAvk gvwUi cvwbaviY ¶gZv
Gu‡Uj gvwUi †P‡q Kg; wKš‘ †e‡j gvwUi †P‡q †ewk| Gu‡Uj gvwUi ga¨ w`‡q LyeB Kg cvwb †h‡Z cv‡i| Gu‡Uj
gvwU me‡P‡q †ewk cvwbaviY Ki‡Z cv‡i|

†e‡j gvwU †`vAvuk gvwU Gu‡Uj gvwU

†Kvb ai‡bi gvwUi ga¨
ZvovZvwo ax‡i ax‡i Lye ax‡i
w`‡q cvwb KZ `ªæZ hvq?

gvwUKYvi AvKv‡ii wfbœZvi Kvi‡Y wfbœ wfbœ ai‡bi gvwUi ga¨ w`‡q cvwb PjvP‡ji MwZ wfbœ n‡Z cv‡i|

Gu‡Uj gvwU
Gu‡Uj gvwUi KYv me‡P‡q †Qv‡Uv Ges Nb| ZvB GB gvwU w`‡q mn‡R
cvwb †h‡Z cv‡i bv| G gvwUi cvwbaviY ¶gZv me‡P‡q †ewk|

†e‡j gvwU
G gvwUi KYvMy‡jv AvK…wZ‡Z eo e‡j gvwU‡Z h‡_ dvuK _v‡K Ges
ZvB cvwb Lye `ªæZ P‡j †h‡Z cv‡i| †e‡j gvwUi KYvMy‡jv Gu‡Uj I
†`vAvuk gvwUi KYvi †P‡q eo|

†`vAvuk gvwU
†`vAvuk gvwUi KYvMy‡jv wewfbœ AvKv‡ii| †`vAvuk gvwU †QvU Ges eo
Dfq AvKv‡ii KYvi wgkªY| G gvwUi cvwbaviY ¶gZv Av‡Q| wKš‘ cvwb
R‡g _v‡K bv Ges gvwUi Ab¨vb¨ Dcv`vb a‡i ivL‡Z cv‡i|
2024

90
cÖv_wgK weÁvb

†Kvb gvwU‡Z †Kvb dmj fv‡jv R‡b¥?

KvR: †Kvb gvwU †Kvb dm‡ji Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx?

hv Ki‡Z n‡e :

1. wb‡Pi g‡Zv K‡i GKwU QK AvuwK|

†Kvb gvwU‡Z †Kvb dmj fv‡jv R‡b¥?

†e‡j gvwU Gu‡Uj gvwU †`vAvuk gvwU

2. wb‡Pi QweMy‡jv ch©‡e¶Y Kwi Ges †Kvb dmj †Kvb gvwU‡Z fv‡jv R‡b¥ Zv wb‡q wPšÍv Kwi Ges wjwL|
3. aviYvMy‡jv wb‡q mncvVx‡`i m‡ Av‡jvPbv Kwi| †Kvb ai‡bi dmj †Kvb ai‡bi gvwU‡Z R‡b¥ Zv wb‡q
K_v ewj|

Zzwg wK KL‡bv Qwei

dmjMy‡jv †`‡LQ?

†Kvb dmj †Kvb RvqMvq R‡b¥ Zv

g‡b Kivi †P v Kwi| G wel‡q
†Zvgvi wK †Kv‡bv aviYv Av‡Q?
2024

91
gvwU

mvims‡¶c

wewfbœ gvwU‡Z wewfbœ ai‡bi dmj R‡b¥| wKQz dmj Gu‡Uj gvwU‡Z fv‡jv R‡b¥| Avevi wKQz dmj †e‡j
gvwU ev †`vAvuk gvwU‡Z fv‡jv R‡b¥|

wkg KuvVvj

ev`vg kmv ZigyR

92
cÖv_wgK weÁvb

†`vAvuk gvwU
G gvwUi cvwbaviY ¶gZv fv‡jv| G gvwU cvwb Ges gvwUi Ab¨vb¨ Dcv`vb a‡i ivL‡Z cv‡i; wKš‘ cvwb R‡g
_v‡K bv| avb, Mg, fzÆv, he, cvU, AvL BZ¨vw` G gvwU‡Z fv‡jv nq| evsjv‡`‡ki †ewki fvM GjvKv †`vAvuk
gvwU w`‡q MwVZ|

avb Mg cvU

5. Avgv‡`i Rxe‡b gvwUi MyiyZ¡

Avgiv ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b Kx Kx Kv‡R gvwU e¨envi Kwi?

KvR: Avgv‡`i Rxe‡b Kx Kx Kv‡R gvwU e¨envi Kwi Zv Lyu‡R †ei Kwi|

hv Ki‡Z n‡e :

1. wb‡Pi Qwei g‡Zv K‡i GKwU aviYvwPÎ AvuwK|

2. aviYvwP‡Î gvwUi eënviMy‡jv wjwL|
gvwUi
3. aviYvMy‡jv wb‡q mncvVx‡ì m‡ Av‡jvPbv Kwi| eënvi
4. Avgv‡ì ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b Kxfv‡e gvwU eënvi Kwi Zv wb‡q
Av‡jvPbv Kwi |
2024

93
gvwU

Avgiv Kxfv‡e gvwUi

Dci wbf©ikxj?

Avgiv Lv‡`¨i Rb¨ Dw™¢‡`i Dci

mvims‡¶c
Avgiv wewfbœ Dcv‡q gvwU e¨envi Kwi| †hgb: K…wlKv‡R, `vjvb ˆZwi‡Z, Pviy Ges Kviywkí BZ¨vw`‡Z|
Avgv‡`i ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b wewfbœ Kv‡Ri Rb¨ gvwUi Dci wbf©ikxj|

gvwUi wewfbœ e¨envi i‡q‡Q| gvbyl wewfbœ Kv‡R gvwU e¨envi K‡i|

dmj djv‡bv
gvwU Dw™¢‡`i Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq cvwb Ges cyw Dcv`vb mieivn K‡i| gvbyl Lvev‡ii
Rb¨ gvwU‡Z kvKmewR I dmj djvq|

Pviy I Kviywk‡í
gvwU w`‡q wewfbœ ai‡bi wRwbm ˆZwi Kiv nq| †hgb: _vjvevmb,
2024

dzj`vwb, Mqbv, nvuwo-cvwZj, †Ljbv BZ¨vw`|

94
cÖv_wgK weÁvb

cÖ‡qvRbxq wRwbmcÎ ˆZwi‡Z gvwU

Avgiv BU ev Ksw ‡Ui g‡Zv wbg©vYmvgMÖx ˆZwi‡Z gvwU e¨envi Kwi| Avgiv gvwU Qvov Ni evbv‡Z cvwi bv|
gvwUi cvÎ ˆZwi‡Z gvwU e¨envi Kiv nq| Avgiv gvwU Qvov nvuwo, dzj`vwb, evwU evbv‡Z cvwi bv|

my›`i Ges `ylYgy cwi‡ek ˆZwi‡Z gvwU

95
gvwU

Av‡jvPbv

1. wb‡Pi g‡Zv GKwU QK ˆZwi Kwi|

gvwU bv _vK‡j Kx n‡e?

96
cÖv_wgK weÁvb

P‡jv, cvwi wK bv †`wL|

K
L
M

gvwUi wgkªY
1. Dc‡ii Qwe‡Z cøvw÷‡Ki †evZ‡ji †fZ‡i _vKv gvwUi wgkª‡Y wewfbœ ai‡bi wRwbm †`Lv hv‡”Q †hMy‡jv
K, L, I M Øviv wPw Z Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB wPw Z AskMy‡jvi bvg wjwL|

K) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

L) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

M) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. wgkª‡Yi ÔKÕ wPw Z AskwU hv hv w`‡q MwVZ Zv n‡jv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3. wb‡Pi Q‡K †`Iqv ˆewk ¨vbyhvqx wewfbœ ai‡bi gvwUi bvg wjwL|

wewfbœ gvwUi ˆewk ¨ gvwUi ai‡bi bvg

nvjKv a~mi †_‡K nvjKv ev`vwg e‡Y©i, `vbv`vi cÖK…wZi,
eo AvKv‡ii KYv
Kv‡jv e‡Y©i, big I kyKbv cÖK…wZi, wewfbœ AvKv‡ii
KYvwewk
2024

AvKv‡ii KYvwewk

97
gvwU

4. wb‡Pi e‡· wKQz k‡m¨i bvg †`Iqv Av‡Q| †Kvb gvwU‡Z †Kvb dmj fv‡jv R‡b¥, Zv wPšÍv Kwi Ges e‡·
cÖ`Ë km¨My‡jv gvwU Abymv‡i Q‡K wjwL|

avb, cvU, Avg, wkg, KvuVvj, ZigyR, kmv

†e‡j gvwU Gu‡Uj gvwU †`vAvuk gvwU

K ............................. .............. ...................

L ............................. .............. ...................

M............................. .............. ....................

2024

98
cÖv_wgK weÁvb

Aa¨vq 9

cÖwZw`b mKv‡j Nyg †_‡K D‡V Avgiv m~h©‡K †`wL| Avgv‡`i †eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ m~h© AZ¨šÍ cÖ‡qvRbxq| m~h© c„w_ex
†_‡K A‡bK `~‡i Ae vb K‡i e‡j Avgv‡`i c„w_ex †_‡K GwU‡K A‡bK †Qv‡Uv †`Lvq|

hv Ki‡Z n‡e :

1. wb‡P †`Lv‡bv Q‡Ki g‡Zv K‡i GKwU QK ˆZwi Kwi|

2024

hv cÖ‡qvRb: AvZwk KvP, GK UzK‡iv Kv‡jv KvMR

hv Ki‡Z n‡e :

1. wb‡Pi Q‡Ki g‡Zv K‡i GKwU QK ˆZwi Kwi|

e‡ov AvKv‡ii Av‡jvi e„Ë

†Qv‡Uv AvKv‡ii Av‡jvi e„Ë

2. AvZwk KvP w`‡q Kv‡jv KvM‡R m~‡h©i Av‡jv †dwj|
3. Av‡jvi AvKvi AvZwk KvPwUi Dc‡i ev wb‡P mwi‡q KvM‡Ri Dci cÖ_‡g eo AvKv‡ii Av‡jvi e„Ë ˆZwi
Kwi| Av‡jvi D¾¡jZv ch©‡e¶Y K‡i Q‡K wjwL|
4. Zvici AvZwk KvPwU Dc‡i ev wb‡P mwi‡q †Qv‡Uv AvKv‡ii Av‡jvi e„Ë ˆZwi Kwi Ges Av‡jvi D¾¡jZv
ch©‡e¶Y K‡i Q‡K wjwL|
5. e‡ov AvKv‡ii Ges †Qv‡Uv AvKv‡ii Av‡jvi e„‡Ëi †¶‡Î KvM‡R †`Lv cwieZ©b Q‡K wjwL|
6. mncvVx‡`i m‡ cÖvß ch©‡e¶Y wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kwi|

msM„nxZ Av‡jv
(me‡P‡q †Qv‡Uv AvKv‡ii e„Ë)
2024

msM„nxZ Av‡jv (me‡P‡q e‡ov AvKv‡ii e„Ë)

100
cÖv_wgK weÁvb

†Qv‡Uv nq|

djvdj
AvZwk Kv‡Pi gva¨‡g m~‡h©i Av‡jv w`‡q KvMR †cvov‡bv hvq| Av‡jvK e„‡Ëi AvKvi †Qv‡Uv n‡j Av‡jv me‡P‡q
D¾¡j n‡q I‡V| KvMR †_‡K Dc‡i †avuqv D‡o †h‡Z †`Lv hvq| †Qv‡Uv Av‡jvK e„‡Ëi Rb¨ KvM‡R AvMyb
a‡i hvq|

AvKvi
e‡ov Kg KvMR Mig n‡q †M‡Q

†Qv‡Uv †ewk KvMR †_‡K †avuqv Do‡Q

c„w_ex‡Z m~h©B n‡jv Av‡jvi cÖavb Drm| m~‡h©i Av‡jvi Kvi‡YB Avgiv w`‡bi †ejvq †`L‡Z cvB| m~h© bv
_vK‡j mviv¶Y A Kvi _vKZ| m~h© Zv‡ciI cÖavb Drm| GB Kvi‡YB m~‡h©i Av‡jvq D¾¡j w`‡b Avgiv hLb
evB‡i _vwK, ZLb Mig Abyfe Kwi| m~h© f‚c„ô msjMœ evqyg j‡K Mig iv‡L| m~h© hw` c„w_ex †_‡K Av‡iv †ewk
`~‡i _vKZ, Z‡e c„w_ex Av‡iv †ewk Vv v _vKZ| c„w_exi †hme A ‡j m~‡h©i Av‡jv A‡bK Kg c‡o, †mme
A j †ewk Vv v I ei‡d Ave„Z _v‡K| m~‡h©i Av‡jv msMÖn K‡i †mŠi c¨v‡bj w`‡q we`y¨r Drcv`b Kiv
hvq| GQvov m~‡h©i Zvc e¨envi K‡i †mŠiPzjvI ˆZwi Kiv hvq| D‡jøL¨, †mŠiPzjv I †mŠi c¨v‡bj `~lYgy I
cwi‡ekev e|
2024

†mŠi Pzwjø †mŠi c¨v‡bj

hv Ki‡Z n‡e :

1. wb‡P †`Lv‡bv Q‡Ki g‡Zv GKwU QK ˆZwi Kwi |

2. Dw™¢` I cÖvYx Kxfv‡e m~‡h©i Av‡jv e¨envi K‡i Zv wb‡q wPšÍv Kwi Ges Q‡K wjwL|
3. mncvVx‡`i m‡ Rx‡ei Rb¨ m~‡h©i MyiyZ¡ m¤c‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kwi |

mvims‡¶c

cÖvYx Ges Dw™¢‡ì Rb¨ m~h© MyiyZ¡c~Y©| GwU Zv‡ì †eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq kw i †RvMvb †`q| KviY,
Dw™¢` m~‡h©i Av‡jvi mvnv‡h¨ Lv`¨ ˆZwi K‡i| cÖvYxiv cÖZ¨¶ ev c‡iv¶fv‡e Lv‡`ï Rb¨ Dw™¢‡ì Dci
wbf©ikxj|

Dw™¢` m~‡h©i Av‡jvi mvnv‡h¨ Lv`¨ ˆZwi K‡i| gvbylmn Ab¨vb¨ cÖvYx Lv‡`ï Rb¨ Dw™¢‡ì Dci wbf©i K‡i|
Dw™¢` hLb m~‡h©i Av‡jvi mvnv‡h¨ Lv`¨ ˆZwi K‡i, ZLb Aw·‡Rb M¨vm Z¨vM K‡i| GB Aw·‡Rb cÖvYx
k¦vmKv‡h© eënvi K‡i| m~h© c„w_exi ZvcgvÎv wbqš¿Y K‡i| Gi d‡j Dw™¢`, gvbyl I Ab¨vb¨ cÖvYxi emev‡mi
Rb¨ GKwU Dchy cwi‡ek m„w nq| m~h© _vKvi d‡j c„w_ex Av‡jvwKZ nq Ges Avgiv Avkcv‡ki cwi‡ek
2024

102
cÖv_wgK weÁvb

Avgiv hLb †Lvjv gv‡V `vuovB ZLb gvwU‡Z Avgv‡`i Qvqv †`L‡Z cvB| †Kvb w`K †_‡K Qvqv ˆZwi nq?
m~‡h© Ae vb Ges wewfbœ e¯Íyi Qvqvi w`‡Ki m‡ m~‡h©i Ae v‡bi m¤cK© Av‡Q Kx?

hv Ki‡Z n‡e :

1. wb‡Pi g‡Zv K‡i GKwU QK ˆZwi Kwi|

2. ¯‹z‡ji gv‡V GKwU MvQ ev LyuwUi Qvqv Lyu‡R †ei Kwi|

4. m~‡h©i wfbœ wfbœ Ae v‡b (c~e© I cwðg) cÖvß djvdj LvZvq wjwL|
5. wewfbœ e¯Íyi Qvqvi Rb¨ 3 Ges 4 b¤^i avc m¤cbœ Kwi|
6. Qvqvi w`‡Ki m‡ m~‡h©i Ae vb Kxfv‡e m¤cwK©Z Zv wb‡q mncvVxi m‡ Av‡jvPbv Kwi|

†Kvb w`‡K Av‡Q ej‡Z cv‡iv?
2024

cwð‡g ...

djvdj
m~h© Ges Qvqv ci¯ci wecixZ w`‡K _v‡K| m~h© c~e© w`‡K Dw`Z nq| †m mgq Qvqv cwðg w`‡K _v‡K|
Ab¨w`‡K, m~h© cwðg w`‡K A¯Í hvq, †m mgq Qvqv c~e© w`‡K _v‡K| w`‡bi mg‡qi Dci wbf©i K‡i Qvqv cwðg
w`K †_‡K Av‡¯Í Av‡¯Í c~e© w`‡K P‡j hvq|

Av‡jvPbv
wb‡Pi cÖkœ wb‡q mncvVx‡`i m‡ Av‡jvPbv Kwi Kxfv‡e Qvqv ˆZwi nq?
Kxfv‡e Qvqv ˆZwi nq?

Av‡jv mij †iLvq P‡j Ges Av‡jvi c‡_ †Kv‡bv

A¯^”Q e¯Íy G‡j IB e¯Íyi Ici cov Av‡jv Ab¨
w`‡K †cŠuQv‡Z cv‡i bv| ZvB †mB wbw`© A j
A Kvi n‡q hvq Ges †mB RvqMv Kv‡jv †`Lvq|
Gfv‡e †Kv‡bv e¯Íy Av‡jv †h‡Z evuav w`‡j Av‡jvi
Dr‡mi wecix‡Z Qvqv m„w nq| wewfbœ e¯Íyi Qvqv
†`‡L Avgiv eyS‡Z cvwi †h Qvqvi AvK…wZ e¯Íyi
AvK…wZi Abyiƒc nq|

hv Ki‡Z n‡e :

1. wb‡Pi Q‡Ki g‡Zv K‡i GKwU QK ˆZwi Kwi|

2024

104
cÖv_wgK weÁvb

2. †kªwYK‡¶i evB‡i hvB Ges j¤^v GKwU jvwV vcb Kwi|

3. GKwU †U‡ci mvnv‡h¨ Qvqvi ˆ`N¨© cwigvc Kwi| Qvqvi ˆ`N¨© Ges †mB m‡ Nwo †`‡L mgq Q‡K wjwL|
4. w`‡bi †ejv cÖwZ GK NÈv cici Qvqvi ˆ`N¨© Ges mgq Q‡K wjwL|
5. Qvqvi ˆ`N¨© mg‡qi m‡ Kxfv‡e m¤cwK©Z Zv wb‡q mncvVx‡`i m‡ Av‡jvPbv Kwi|

`ycy‡i!

djvdj

Av‡jvPbv

wb‡Pi welqMy‡jv wb‡q mncvVx‡`i m‡ Av‡jvPbv Kwi

2024

Qvqv eënvi K‡i Nwo ˆZwi Kiv hvq| G‡K m~h©Nwo e‡j| m~‡h©i Av‡jvq m~h©Nwoi jvwVwUi Qvqv †Kv_vq c‡o‡Q
Zv †`‡L mgq ejv hvq| D`vniY¯îƒc, hw` QvqvwU 12-Gi KuvUvi w`‡K _v‡K, Z‡e GwU `ycyi 12Uv wb‡`©k
K‡i| Kíbv K‡iv, Zzwg ¯‹z‡ji gv‡V GKwU Nyi‡Z m¶g Ggb GKwU †Pqv‡i e‡m NyiQ| †m‡¶‡Î, †Zvgvi g‡b
n‡e, ¯‹z‡ji cZvKvI †hb †Zvgvi Pviw`‡K Nyi‡Q| Avm‡j cZvKvwU †hgb w i Ae v‡b i‡q‡Q, †Zgwb m~h©I
†mŠiRM‡Zi †K‡›`ª w i| Avi †PqviwU †hgb †Nv‡i, †Zgwb c„w_ex Zvi A‡¶i Dci †Nv‡i| d‡j Avgv‡ì g‡b
2024

106
cÖv_wgK weÁvb

P‡jv, cvwi wK bv †`wL|

Lv`¨ ˆZwi kxZ †_‡K i¶v †`L‡Z mvnvh¨ Kiv

N)
2024

3. hv Ki‡Z n‡e: wewfbœ Ae v‡b (1,2 Ges 3 G) UP©jvBU‡K †i‡L GKwU KvwVi Qvqv ch©‡e¶Y Kwi| U‡P©i
Ae v‡bi m‡ Qvqvi ˆ`N¨© Kxfv‡e m¤cwK©Z Zv †evSvi Rb¨ wb‡Pi QKwU c~iY Kwi|
Qvqvi ˆ`N¨©
U‡P©i Ae vb
Abygvb ch©‡e¶Y

U‡P©i wewfbœ Ae v‡b cÖvß Qvqvi m‡ mKv‡j, weKv‡j I `ycy‡i cÖvß m~‡h©i Qvqvi wK mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q?
4. GKwU cøvw÷‡Ki †cø‡Ui gv‡S ÷ª ewm‡q wP‡Îi g‡Zv GKwU m~h©Nwo ˆZwi Kwi| ˆZwi Kiv m~h©Nwo‡Z weKvj
4Uvq cÖvß Qvqvi ˆ`N¨© cwigvc Kwi| weKvj 5Uvq Qvqv †Kv_vq n‡e Ges Qvqvi ˆ`‡N¨© KZ n‡e Zv Lyu‡R
†ei Kwi|

DËi

cwðg c~e©

`wÿY
2024

108
cÖv_wgK weÁvb

Aa¨vq 10

cÖhyw i m‡ cwiPq
cÖhyw n‡Z cv‡i †Kv‡bv hš¿ ev †KŠkj hv Avgv‡`i ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b Kv‡R jv‡M Ges Avgv‡`i Rxeb‡K mnR
K‡i|

1. Avgv‡`i Rxe‡b cÖhyw

Avgv‡`i Pvicv‡k wewfbœ ai‡bi cÖhyw i‡q‡Q| ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b Avgiv Kxfv‡e e¨envi Kwi?

ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b Avgiv Kx Kx cÖhyw e¨envi Kwi?

KvR: cÖhyw i e¨envi LyuwR

hv Ki‡Z n‡e :

1. wb‡P †`Lv‡bv Q‡Ki g‡Zv K‡i LvZvq GKwU QK ˆZwi Kwi|

e¨env‡ii †¶Î cÖhyw i aiY Avgiv Kxfv‡e e¨envi Kwi

evwo †Uwjwfkb
we`¨vjq
K…wl
hvZvqvZ
wPwKrmv

2. wewfbœ cÖhyw i ZvwjKv ˆZwi Kwi Ges Kxfv‡e e¨envi nq, Zv Q‡K wjwL|
3. KvRwU wb‡q mncvVx‡`i m‡ Av‡jvPbv Kwi|
2024

109
cÖhyw i m‡ cwiPq

mvims‡¶c

Dc‡ii KvRMy‡jvi gva¨‡g wewfbœ ai‡bi cÖhyw i bvg Ges †Kvb †Kvb †¶‡Î Zv‡ì eënvi Kiv nq †m
m¤c‡K© aviYv cvB| cÖhyw MZ myweavi d‡j mgq Ges kª‡gi mvkªq n‡”Q hv Avgv‡ì RxebhvÎv‡K Avivg`vqK
I wbivc` K‡i|

2. AvaywbK cÖhyw i D™¢veb I Avgv‡`i Rxe‡b Gi e¨envi

m„w i kyiy †_‡KB gvbyl cÖwZwbqZ Rxeb‡K mnR Kivi Rb¨ bvbv ai‡bi cÖhyw i D™¢ve‡bi †P v K‡i
Avm‡Q| Avgv‡`i Rxe‡bi cÖwZUv †¶‡Î cÖhyw i e¨envi j¶Yxq|

cÖhyw i Dbœqb Avgv‡`i Rxe‡b wK cÖfve †dj‡Q?

KvR: hvZvqvZ I cwien‡Y cÖhyw i Dbœqb

hv Ki‡Z n‡e :

1. wb‡Pi wP‡Îi g‡Zv GKwU wPÎ LvZvq ˆZwi Kwi|

cv‡q nvuUv gvbyl

jc_ Rjc_ AvKvkc_

c‡ii c„ôvi QweMy‡jv †`‡L Dc‡ii Q‡K bvg wjwL| cÖ_‡g cy‡iv‡bv cÖhyw w`‡q kyiy Kwi Ges bZzb cÖhyw
w`‡q †kl Kwi| †hgb: jc_
cÖ_‡g †Nvovi Mvwo, Zvic‡i ev®úxq BwÄb (†ijMvwo) Ges me †k‡l evm|
2024

110
cÖv_wgK weÁvb

evwo‡Z eën„Z cÖhyw
evwo‡Z Avgiv wewfbœ ai‡bi cÖhyw i eënvi †`L‡Z cvB| GMy‡jvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q ê`y¨wZK evwZ, †Uwjwfkb,
†gvevBj †dvb, Kw¤cDUvi Ges ivbœvN‡i eën„Z cÖhyw i K‡qKwU D`vniY n‡jv: M¨v‡mi Pzjv, †iwd«Rv‡iUi,
ivBm KzKvi, gvB‡ vI‡qf I‡fb BZ¨vw`|

2024

M„n vwj e¨en„Z cÖhyw

111
cÖhyw i m‡ cwiPq

wk¶vq e¨en„Z cÖhyw

Kjg, †cbwmj I KvMR D™¢ve‡bi c‡i wk¶v‡¶‡Î cwieZ©b Avmv kyiy K‡i| gy`ªYhš¿ D™¢veb nIqvi c‡i
KvM‡R Qvcvi KvR kyiy nq| wk¶vcÖhyw i Ask wn‡m‡e Avgiv GLb Kw¤cDUvi, B›Uvi‡bU, wcÖ›Uvi Ges wfwWI
K¨v‡giv e¨envi Kwi| †hgb: †h‡Kv‡bv cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ GLb Kw¤cDUv‡i UvBc K‡i msi¶Y Kiv n‡”Q|

wPwKrmvq e¨en„Z cÖhyw

wPwKrmv‡¶‡Î wewfbœ ai‡bi cÖhyw D™¢vweZ n‡q‡Q| †hgb: D™¢vweZ wewfbœ ai‡bi wPwKrmv hš¿cvwZ n‡jv
_v‡g©vwgUvi, †÷‡_v‡¯‹vc Ges i Pvc gvcvi hš¿| G·-†i †gwkb Ges Avëªvm‡bvMÖvwdI wPwKrmv †¶‡Î e¨en„Z
cÖhyw |

K…wl‡Z e¨en„Z cÖhyw

K…wl‡Z cÖ_g Dbœqb kyiy nq A‡bK eQi Av‡M| †m mgq gvbyl jvOj, †Kv`vj, Kv‡¯Í, kvej BZ¨vw` K…wlhš¿
D™¢veb K‡i| ZLb Rwg Pvlvev‡ì Kv‡R cÖvYx †hgb: Miy I †Nvov eënvi Kiv n‡Zv| GLb Avgiv Rwg Pv‡l
Uªv±i eënvi Kwi|
2024

112
cÖv_wgK weÁvb

hvZvqv‡Z e¨en„Z cÖhyw

gvbyl `~i`~iv‡šÍ `ªæZ gvjvgvj cwien‡Yi Rb¨ hvZvqvZcÖhyw D™¢veb K‡i‡Q| hvZvqvZ cÖhyw ‡K wZb fv‡M fvM
Kiv hvq| †hgb: jc_, Rjc_ I AvKvkc‡_i cÖhyw | jc‡_i hvZvqvZcÖhyw i g‡a¨ iq‡Q Mvwo I †Uªb,
wiKkv, mvB‡Kj BZ¨vw`|

PvKv Avwe vi hvZvqvZcÖhyw ‡Z hyMvšÍKvix cwieZ©b G‡b †`q| PvKv Avwe v‡ii c‡i Miyi Mvwo, †Nvovi
Mvwo‡Z K‡i gvbyl hvZvqvZ KiZ Ges Zv‡`i gvjvgvj cwienb KiZ| Gi c‡i Avwe vi Kiv nq BwÄb|
PvKv Ges BwÄb wg‡j hvZvqvZ I cwienY e¨e vi `ªæZ Dbœqb nq| Gi Av‡M gvbyl †nu‡U GK vb †_‡K Ab¨
v‡b PjvPj KiZ|

D‡ovRvnvR I †nwjKÞvi D™¢veb Kiv n‡q‡Q AvKvkc‡_ PjvP‡ji Rb¨| gvbyl GLb gnvKvkhv‡bi gva¨‡g
Pvu‡` †h‡Z cv‡i hv †hvMv‡hvMcÖhyw i GK Ab¨Zg mvdj¨|

113
cÖhyw i m‡ cwiPq

Dc‡ii mKj Av‡jvPbv †_‡K cÖwZUv †¶‡Î cÖhyw i Dbœq‡bi avivevwnKZv Ges Zv e¨env‡ii myweavMy‡jv
Rvb‡Z cvijvg| gvby‡li ˆ`bw›`b me Kv‡Ri †¶‡Î cÖhyw i e¨envi Ab¯^xKvh©|

3. cÖhyw i wbivc` e¨envi

Avgiv ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b cÖhyw e¨envi Kwi| wKš‘ Kxfv‡e †mMy‡jv‡K Avgiv wbivc‡` e¨envi Ki‡Z cvwi?

cÖhyw wbivc` e¨env‡ii Dcvq Kx Kx?

KvR: cÖhyw i wbivc` e¨env‡ii Dcvq

hv Ki‡Z n‡e :

1. wb‡P †`Lv‡bv Q‡Ki g‡Zv GKwU QK ˆZwi Kwi|

cÖhyw i bvg wbivc` e¨env‡ii Dcvq

Kjg †Kv‡bv wKQz‡Z AvNvZ bv Kiv

2. Dc‡ii Q‡K †Kvb cÖhyw i wbivc` eënv‡ii Rb¨ Kx Kx m‡PZbZv Aej¤^b Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i Zv wjwL|
3. †Zvgvi QKwU mncvVx‡ì m‡ wgjvI Ges cÖhyw i wbivc` eënv‡ii w`KMy‡jv Av‡jvPbv Kwi|
Dc‡ii Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g Avgiv wewfbœ cÖhyw i wbivc` eënv‡ii Rb¨ Kx Kx mZK©Zv Aej¤^b Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i,
†m m¤ú‡K© aviYv cvB|

Av‡jvPbv

wPšÍv Kwi Ges Av‡jvPbv Kwi-

Dc‡ii djvd‡ji Dci wfwË K‡i wb‡Pi cÖkœMy‡jv wb‡q wk¶K I mncvVx‡`i m‡ Av‡jvPbv Kwi|
2024

1. †Kvb cÖhyw wU Zzwg cÖwZw`b e¨envi K‡iv?

114
cÖv_wgK weÁvb

2. cÖhyw wU e¨env‡ii mgq †Zvgvi Kx Kx Amyweav nq?

3. cÖhyw e¨env‡i †Zvgv‡K †K mvnvh¨ K‡i?

cÖhyw i wbivc` e¨envi wb‡q Av‡iv wKQz Rvwb . . .

cÖhyw i wbivc` eënvi m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡ì m‡PZb n‡Z n‡e| ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b eën„Z cÖwZwU cÖhyw i mywbw`©
eënvi i‡q‡Q| †hgb: Kjg GKwU wk¶vcÖhyw , hv †jLvi Kv‡R eën„Z nq| ZvB †jLvi KvR e¨ZxZ Ab¨
†Kv‡bv Kv‡R Kjg eënvi Kiv DwPZ bq| †hgb: Kjg ev †cbwmj w`‡q †Kv‡bv wKQz AvNvZ Kiv ev †LvuPv
†Ìqv hv‡e bv| G‡Z K‡i Kjg b n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i, Avevi AvNvZ ev †LvuPvi d‡j †KD e¨_v †c‡Z cv‡i|
j¨vcUc, †gvevBj †dvb, Kw¤cDUvi, Nwo, †iwWI, †Uwjwfkb BZ¨vw` cÖhyw mveav‡b eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e|
Kw¤cDUvi I †gvevBj †dvb `xN© mgq eënv‡ii d‡j †Pv‡Li Ges kvixwiK Ab¨vb¨ mgm¨v †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i|
GB mgm¨v hv‡Z bv nq †m Rb¨ wbw`© mgq cici D‡V nvuUvnvuwU Ki‡Z n‡e ev wKQz mvaviY e¨vqvg Ki‡Z
n‡e| j¨vcUc ev Kw¤cDUv‡ii cv‡k Lvevi ev cvbxq MÖnY Kiv †_‡K weiZ _vK‡Z n‡e| KviY, Lvevi ev
cvbxq c‡o wM‡q wK-‡evW© b n‡Z cv‡i| ê`y¨wZK kU©mvwK©U n‡q `yN©Ubv NU‡Z cv‡i|
hvZvqv‡Zi †¶‡Î bZzb BwÄbPvwjZ hvbevnb `¶Zvi m‡ cwiPvjbv bv Ki‡j Zv †_‡K ¶wZmvab n‡Z
cv‡i| G Rb¨ bZzb hvbevnb Pvjbvi Av‡M Pvj‡Ki Rb¨ cÖwk¶‡Yi eë v Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖhyw i Kj¨vY‡K Kv‡R
jvMv‡bvi cvkvcvwk Gi wbivc` eënvi wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e|

2024

115
cÖhyw i m‡ cwiPq

P‡jv, cvwi wK bv †`wL|

2024

wewfbœ cÖhyw i Qwe

116
cÖv_wgK weÁvb

1. Qwei cÖhyw My‡jv‡K wb‡Pi QK mvRvB|

wk¶vcÖhyw wPwKrmvcÖhyw K…wlcÖhyw hvZvqvZcÖhyw

†gvevBj †dvb, †PvLi ¶wZ, gv_ve¨_v, my _vKv

K. ............... ............ ............ ................. ................. ................. ................. .................|

L. ............... ............ ............ ................. ................. ................. ................. .................|

M. ............... ............ ............ ................. ................. ................. ................. .................|

2024

117
Aa¨vq 11

Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM
Z_¨ n‡”Q †Kv‡bv e¨w , e¯Íy ev NUbv-m¤cwK©Z Ávb| cÖwZw`b Avgiv A‡bK ai‡bi Z_¨ †c‡q _vwK| †hgb:
wewfbœ NUbvi Z_¨, AvenvIqvi Z_¨, wewfbœ welq-m¤cwK©Z msev` BZ¨vw`| Avgiv Kxfv‡e Rvb‡Z cvwi †h,
cix¶v KLb kyiy n‡e? wek¦Kvc w ‡K‡U KLb evsjv‡`‡ki †Ljv n‡e? Mi‡gi QzwU‡Z †Kv_vq †eov‡Z †h‡Z
cvwi?

1. Z_¨ cÖhyw i wewfbœ aib

†Kv_v †_‡K Avgiv Z_¨ cvB?

KvR: Z‡_¨i aib Ges Drm
hv Ki‡Z n‡e :

1. wb‡P †`Lv‡bv Q‡Ki g‡Zv K‡i LvZvq GKwU QK ˆZwi Kwi|

Z‡_¨i bvg †Kv_v †_‡K Z_¨ cvB

2. wewfbœ ai‡bi Z‡_¨i bvg Ges Zv Avgiv †Kv_v †_‡K cvB Zv Q‡K wjwL|
3. KvRwU wb‡q mncvVx‡`i m‡ Av‡jvPbv Kwi|

AvenvIqvi Lei Rvb‡Z Avwg

†Uwjwfkb †`wL| Zzwg Kx K‡iv?
2024

Avwg AvenvIqvi Lei Rvb‡Z cwÎKv cwo|

118
cÖv_wgK weÁvb

Av‡jvPbv
wPšÍv Kwi Ges Av‡jvPbv Kwi
1. wewfbœ ai‡bi †hvMv‡hvMcÖhyw eënvi K‡i Kxfv‡e Z_¨ wewbgq Kiv hvq Zv mncvVx‡ì m‡ Av‡jvPbv Kwi|
2. †h †Kv‡bv Z_¨ mwVK wK bv Zv Kxfv‡e hvPvB Kiv hvq Zv wb‡q mncvVx‡ì m‡ Av‡jvPbv Kwi|
mvims‡¶c
wewfbœ Drm †hgb: †Uwjwfkb, †iwWI, Le‡ii KvMR, evev, gv, e y Ges eB †_‡K Avgiv bvbv iK‡gi Z_¨
cvB| †iwWI ev †Uwjwfk‡b Avgiv AvenvIqvi Z_¨ cvB| cvV¨cy¯ÍK †_‡K Avgiv wewfbœ welq m¤c‡K© Rvb‡Z
cvwi| GQvov wewfbœ gvby‡li m‡ †hvMv‡hvM K‡iI Avgiv bvbviKg Z_¨ †c‡q _vwK|
Z_¨ Rvbvi gva¨‡g Avgiv bZzb wKQz wkL‡Z cvwi ev wm všÍ MÖnY Ki‡Z cvwi| mwVK wm všÍ †bIqvi Rb¨
cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ Rvbv Lye Riywi| Z_¨ Rvbvi cvkcvwk Zv Ab¨‡ì‡KI Rvbv‡Z n‡e| †hgb: Zzwg hw` N~wY©S‡oi
AvksKvi K_v Rvb‡Z cv‡iv, Zvn‡j Zv Ab¨‡ì Rvbv‡Z n‡e| bv Rvbv‡j N~wY©S‡o A‡bK †ewk gvbyl Ges
m¤ú‡ì ÿwZ n‡Z cv‡i| ZvB wbivc` Ges my›ì Rxebhvc‡bi Rb¨ mwVK Z_¨ Rvbv Ges wewbgq Kiv
cÖ‡qvRb|

2. †hvMv‡hvM/Z_¨ Av`vb-cÖ`vb
cÖhyw e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g Avgiv wewfbœ Z_¨ msMÖn Ki‡Z cvwi Ges gvby‡li m‡ †hvMv‡hvM Ki‡Z cvwi|

cÖhyw e¨envi K‡i Kxfv‡e Avgiv †hvMv‡hvM Ki‡Z cvwi?

KvR: †hvMv‡hv‡Mi cÖhyw

hv Ki‡Z n‡e :

1. wb‡P †`Lv‡bv Q‡Ki g‡Zv K‡i †Zvgvi LvZvq GKwU QK ˆZwi Kwi|
2. Ô†hvMv‡hv‡Mi DcvqÕ Ges Ôe¨en„Z cÖhyw Õi bvg Q‡K wjwL|

†hvMv‡hv‡Mi Dcvq †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw

2024

3. KvRwU wb‡q mncvVx‡`i m‡ Av‡jvPbv Kwi|

119
Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM

Av‡jvPbv

wPšÍv Kwi Ges Av‡jvPbv Kwi

A‡bK Av‡M gvbyl Kxfv‡e G‡K A‡b¨i m‡ †hvMv‡hvM KiZ? welqwU wb‡q mncvVx‡`i m‡ Av‡jvPbv Kwi|

`~‡i _vKv AvZ¥xq¯^R‡bi m‡

Zzwg Kxfv‡e †hvMv‡hvM K‡iv?

gv‡S gv‡S Avwg PvPvi KvQ †_‡K wPwV cvB|

mvims‡¶c

†hvMv‡hvM ej‡Z Z_¨ Av`vb-cÖ`vb cÖw qv‡K †evSvq|

A‡bK Av‡M gvbyl Qwe AvuKv ev K_v ejvi gva¨‡g †hvMv‡hvM KiZ| A‡bK `~‡i _vKv †jvKR‡bi m‡ wb‡R
wM‡q A_ev wPwV cvwV‡q †hvMv‡hvM KiZ| KeyZ‡ii mvnv‡h¨ evZ©v cvwV‡q, †avuqvi ms‡KZ w`‡q ev †Xvj
evwR‡qI †hvMv‡hvM Kiv n‡Zv|

Z‡_ï Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ GLb Avgiv wewfbœ cÖhyw eënvi Kwi| AvRKvj Avgiv Lye mn‡RB `~‡ii gvby‡li
m‡ †hvMv‡hvM Ki‡Z cvwi| `~‡ii Kv‡iv m‡ K_v ejvi Rb¨ Avgiv †Uwj‡dvb A_ev †gvevBj †dvb eënvi
Kwi| B›Uvi‡bU eënvi K‡i B-†gB‡j Z_¨ Av`vb-cÖ`vb Kwi| wPwV wj‡LI gvby‡li m‡ †hvMv‡hvM Kiv hvq|
2024

120
cÖv_wgK weÁvb

†P v K‡i †`wL

G‡mv GKUv ÔmnR †Uwj‡dvbÕ evbvB

1. hv hv jvM‡e : KvMR A_ev cøvw÷‡Ki ˆZwi `ywU Kvc, GKwU myP, myZv/Zvi(5 wgUvi)|

2. Kxfv‡e evbv‡e :
* Kvc `ywUi Zjvq gvSLv‡b dz‡Uv K‡i myZv/Zvi †XvKvB| Kv‡ci †fZi w`‡K myZv/Zv‡ii gv_v XzwK‡q
AvU‡K w`B hv‡Z myZv/Zvi †ei n‡q bv Av‡m|
* `yRb `yB w`‡K GKUz `~‡i Kvc nv‡Z Ggbfv‡e `vuovB, hv‡Z myZv/Zvi UvbUvb _v‡K|
* GKRb Kv‡c K_v ewj, Ab¨Rb Kv‡c Kvb jvwM‡q kywb|

2024

121
Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM

Avgiv Z_¨ Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi wewfbœ cÖhyw m¤ú‡K© †R‡bwQ| Kw¤úDUvi †Zgwb GKwU cÖhyw | Kw¤cDUvi ev
†gvevBj †dvb e¨envi K‡i Avgiv wewfbœ KvR †hgb: K_v ejv, Mvb †kvbv, Qwe AvuKv, bvUK ev wm‡bgv †`Lv,
wnmvewbKvk, AbjvB‡b K¬vm BZ¨vw` K‡i _vwK|
Avgv‡`i g‡b cÖkœ Avm‡Z cv‡i Gme KvR Kw¤cDUvi ev hš¿ Kxfv‡e K‡i?

gvbyl ev hš¿ Kxfv‡e KvR K‡i?

hv Ki‡Z n‡e :

wb‡P iv¯Ív cvivcv‡ii Rb¨ wKQz Qwe G‡jv‡g‡jv K‡i †`Iqv Av‡Q|
1. wbivc‡` iv¯Ív cvivcv‡ii Rb¨ wb‡`©kbv Abymv‡i QweMy‡jv Zxi wP w`‡q avivevwnKfv‡e mvRvB|
2024

2. KvRwU wb‡q mncvVx‡`i m‡ Av‡jvPbv Kwi|

122
cÖv_wgK weÁvb

avivevwnKfv‡e AbymiY Ki‡Z nq|

†Reªv wms‡qi mvg‡b `vuov‡bv cÖ_g Wv‡b †`Lv, Zvici ev‡g †`Lv,
Avevi Wv‡b †`Lv

wmMb¨v‡j jvj evwZ R¦jv, A_ev Mvwo PjvPj iv¯Ív cvi nIqv
e wK bv, wbwðZ nIqv
2024

iv¯Ív cvivcv‡ii Rb¨ GLv‡b PviwU wb‡`©kbv gvbymv‡i mvRv‡bv i‡q‡Q| wbivc‡` iv¯Ív cvi n‡Z n‡j Avgv‡`i
GB wb‡`©kbvMy‡jv h_vh_fv‡e AbymiY Ki‡Z n‡e|

123
Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM

Av‡jvPbv

wPšÍv Kwi Ges Av‡jvPbv Kwi-

1. KvR Kivi †¶‡Î wb‡`©kbv AbymiY Kivi myweavMy‡jv Kx Kx?
2. wb‡`©kbv AbymiY bv Ki‡j Kx Kx Amyweav n‡Z cv‡i?
3. welqMy‡jv wb‡q mncvVx‡`i m‡ Av‡jvPbv Kwi|

hš¿ ev Kw¤cDUvi †hfv‡e KvR K‡i

Kw¤cDUvi GKwU †PŠKm ev eyw gvb hš¿| GB hš¿ A‡bK eo I RwUj KvR `ªæZ Ges wbf©zjfv‡e Ki‡Z cv‡i| †h
†Kv‡bv KvR Kivi mgq hš¿ ev Kw¤cDUvi wKQz avivevwnK wb‡`©kbv AbymiY K‡i| wKš‘ gvbyl Ges Kw¤cDUv‡ii
KvR Kivi c wZ ev †KŠkj wK GKB iKg?
KvR: gvbyl I Kw¤cDUv‡ii Kv‡Ri cv_©K¨

hv Ki‡Z n‡e :

1. wb‡P †`Lv‡bv wP‡Îi g‡Zv K‡i LvZvq GKwU wPÎ AvuwK|

2. gvbyl I Kw¤cDUv‡ii KvR Kivi wgj Ges Awgj Lyu‡R †ei Kwi Ges wP‡Î wjwL|

gvbyl wgj Kw¤cDUvi

3. KvRwU wb‡q mncvVx‡`i m‡ Av‡jvPbv Kwi|

gvbyl Ges Kw¤cDUvi DfqB wb‡`©kbv AbymiY K‡i KvR K‡i| Z‡e Zv‡`i KvR Kivi c wZ GK bq|
Kw¤cDUvi wb‡R †_‡K †Kv‡bv KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| KvR Kivi Rb¨ Kw¤cDUvi‡K wKQz avivevwnK wb‡`©kbv
cÖ`vb Ki‡Z nq| †Kej wb‡`©kbv †c‡jB Kw¤cDUvi KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i| †Kv‡bv wbw`© KvR Kivi Rb¨ hš¿ ev
Kw¤cDUvi †h wb‡`©kbv ev wb‡`©kbvMy‡jv AbymiY K‡i, Zv-B †KvW ev KgvÛ| †KvW e¨envi K‡i Kw¤cDUvi
ev †h‡Kv‡bv hš¿ Kxfv‡e KvR K‡i Zv Avgiv cieZ©x †kªwY‡Z Av‡iv we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e Rvb‡Z cvie|
wewfbœ KvR Kivi mgq AvgivI †ek wKQz wb‡`©kbv ev †KvW AbymiY Kwi| †hgb: †kªwYK‡¶ Ges †kªwYK‡¶i
2024

evB‡i Avgiv wb‡`©kbv †g‡b †Ljvayjv Kwi| KL‡bv KL‡bv GB wb‡`©kbvMy‡jv Av‡M †_‡K ˆZwi Kiv _v‡K A_ev
Avgiv wb‡RivB cÖ‡qvRbg‡Zv ˆZwi K‡i wbB|

124
cÖv_wgK weÁvb

hv Ki‡Z n‡e :

1. wb‡P †`Lv‡bv Qwei g‡Zv K‡i `ywU mvwi‡Z gy‡LvgywL `vuovB| †h wk¶v_©x †h msL¨vi mvg‡b `vuov‡e, †mB
msL¨vB Zvi b¤^i| b¤^iwU g‡b ivwL|

2. wk¶K A_ev `‡ji evB‡i _vKv GKRb wk¶v_©x `ywU msL¨vi †hvM, we‡qvM, MyY ev fv‡Mi †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU
A_ev `ywU cÖw qv eënvi K‡i wb‡`©kbv †`‡e| †hgb: 12 fvM 4 A_ev 3 Myb 3 †hvM 2|
3. g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q wb‡`©kbvwU kywb I wnmve Kwi|
4. wnmve K‡i `yB `‡ji †h `yR‡bi b¤î wgj‡e, Zviv `ªæZ ejwU msMÖn Kwi Ges wb‡Ri RvqMvq wd‡i
Avmvi †P v Kwi|
5. ej msMÖ‡ni mgq cÖwZc¶ `‡ji GKB b¤îavix †L‡jvqvo †hb msMÖnKvixi kixi ¯úk© Ki‡Z bv cv‡i
†mw`‡K j¶ ivwL|
6. cÖ‡Z¨K m`m¨‡K Kgc‡¶ GKevi ej msMÖ‡ni my‡hvM w`B|
7. b¤î wnmve K‡i †Ljvi weRqx `j wba©viY Kwi|
2024

we‡kl wb‡`©kbv: cÖwZc¶ `‡ji †L‡jvqvo hw` ej msMÖnKvixi kixi ¯ck© Ki‡Z cv‡i, Zvn‡j ej msMÖnKvix
`j †Kv‡bv b¤^i cv‡e bv| Ab¨_vq c~Y© b¤^i (1) cv‡e|

125
Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM

Av‡jvPbv

wPšÍv Kwi Ges Av‡jvPbv Kwi-

1. GB †Ljvq weRqx nIqvi Rb¨ Kx Kx welq we‡ePbv Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q?
2. GB †Ljv †_‡K Avgiv Kx wkLjvg?
3. welqMy‡jv wb‡q mncvVx‡`i m‡ Av‡jvPbv Kwi|

4. Z‡_¨i wbivc` e¨envi

cÖhyw i Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ we‡k¦i GK cÖvšÍ †_‡K Ab¨ cÖv‡šÍ †hvMv‡hvM Kiv GLb AwZ mvaviY e¨vcvi| e¨w MZ
A_ev †h‡Kv‡bv MyiyZ¡c~Y© Z_¨ gyn~‡Z©i g‡a¨ Av`vb-cÖ`vb Kiv m¤¢e| ZvB Z_¨ Av`vb-cÖ`v‡b cÖ‡qvRb evowZ
mZK©Zv|
†h‡Kv‡bv Z_¨ Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi Av‡M Zv mwVK wK bv, hvPvB K‡i wb‡Z n‡e, Zv bv n‡j bvbv ai‡bi mgm¨v
m„w n‡Z cv‡i| Z_¨wU wbf©i‡hvM¨ wK bv Ges †h gva¨‡g Z_¨ cvIqv †M‡Q Zv wek¦vm‡hvM¨ wK bv, †mw`‡KI
†Lqvj ivLv Riywi|

Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvMcÖhyw i wbivc` e¨env‡ii Rb¨ Avgiv Kxfv‡e m‡PZbZv Aej¤^b Ki‡Z cvwi?
KvR: Z_¨ Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi wbivc` gva¨g kbv KiY|

hv Ki‡Z n‡e :

1. cÖwZw`b mevi m‡ †hvMv‡hv‡Mi Rb¨ †Kvb gva¨g e¨envi Kwi Zv wb‡Pi Q‡K wjwL|
2. †hvMv‡hv‡Mi mgq hw` mZK©Zv †g‡b bv Pwj, Zvn‡j wK mgm¨v n‡Z cv‡i Zvi GKwU ZvwjKv ˆZwi Kwi|
3. Ab¨‡`i m‡ ZvwjKv wgjvB Ges Av‡jvPbv Kwi|

2024

126
cÖv_wgK weÁvb

Av‡jvPbv

wPšÍv Kwi Ges Av‡jvPbv Kwi-

* Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvMcÖhyw i mwVK e¨envi wb‡q evev-gv A_ev wk¶‡Ki m‡ Av‡jvPbv Kwi|
* fzj Z_¨ Av`vb-cÖ`vb Ki‡j Kx Kx ai‡bi mgm¨v ˆZwi n‡Z cv‡i, Zv Av‡jvPbv Kwi|

Avgv‡`i cix¶v KZ ZvwiL †_‡K Zzwg wK

ej‡Z cvi‡e?

Avwg mwVK ej‡Z cvie bv| fzj Z_¨ w`‡j

†Zvgvi cix¶vi cÖ¯ÍywZ Lvivc n‡e|

mvims‡¶c
Z_¨ Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi Ges †hvMv‡hv‡Mi Rb¨ wewfbœ mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvMgva¨g Ges †hvMv‡hvMcÖhyw eënvi Kiv
nq, hv Avgv‡ì †hvMv‡hvM‡K A‡bK mnR K‡i w`‡q‡Q| Gi g‡a¨ †gvevBj †dvb ev Kw¤úDUvi Ab¨Zg| Gme
gva¨g †_‡K e¨w MZ ev MyiyZ¡c~Y© Z_¨ wb‡q A‡bK mgq bvbvwea Aciva N‡U _v‡K| A‡bK mgq †gvevBj
†dvb ev Kw¤cDUvi b n‡q A‡bK Z_¨ nvwi‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| ev”Pv‡ì †¶‡Î Z_¨ Av`vb-cÖ`vb Ges †hvMv‡hvM
cÖhyw eënv‡ii mgq wkÿK ev AwffveK‡ì wb‡`©kbv wb‡q Zv eënvi Kiv DwPZ| B›Uvi‡bU eënv‡ii d‡j
wkky‡ì gv‡S †Kv‡bv Avmw ˆZwi n‡”Q wK bv, †mw`‡K †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e| †hvMv‡hvMcÖhyw i mwVK eënvi
bv Ki‡j Ges hZœ bv wb‡j †mMy‡jv b n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| ZvB cÖhyw i mwVK eënvi wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e| G
e¨vcv‡i AviI we¯ÍvwiZ Avgiv cieZ©x †kÖwY‡Z Rvb‡Z cvie|

2024

127
Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM

P‡jv, cvwi wK bv †`wL|

1. wb‡Pi Q‡K Z‡_¨i Dr‡mi bvg wjwL|

Z_¨ Drm/DrmMy‡jvi bvg

AvenvIqvi Z_¨
w ‡KU †Ljvi mgqm~wP
QzwUi Z_¨
HwZnvwmK NUbvi Z_¨

2. †`‡ki Ges we‡`‡ki e y‡`i m‡ †hvMv‡hv‡Mi Rb¨ †hme Dcvq Ges cÖhyw e¨envi Kwi Zv Q‡K wjwL|

†hvMv‡hv‡Mi Dcvq cÖhyw i bvg

†`‡ki e y
we‡`‡ki e y

3. mKv‡ji bvkZvq gv Avgv‡K iywU †L‡Z †`b| iywU ˆZwii avcMy‡jv avivevwnKfv‡e wjwL| cÖ‡qvR‡b avc
ms‡hvRb Kwi|
1g avc ..........................................................................

2q avc ..............................................................................

3q avc ................................................................................
2024

128
cÖv_wgK weÁvb

kã‡Kvl
A¶ †Kv‡bv wKQzi †K›`ª eivei KvíwbK mij‡iLv|
A‡PŠ¤^K c`v_© Pz¤^K Kv‡Q Uv‡b bv Ggb c`v_©|
A‡giy` x nvo †bB Ggb cÖvYx|
Amcy®úK †hme Dw™¢‡ì dzj I dj nq bv|
Zzjbvg~jK †Qv‡Uv wRwbm‡K e‡ov K‡i †`Lv hvq Ggb
AvZwk KvP KvP|
Av‡jvK-ms‡KZ Av‡jv eënvi K‡i †h ms‡KZ †Ìqv nq|
AvqZb †Kv‡bv c`v_© ev e¯Íy †h RvqMv `Lj K‡i|
D™¢veb †Kv‡bv wKQz Avwe vi Kiv|
GKcÖKvi Rxe; hvi †`n g~j, Kv I cvZvq wef Ges
Dw™¢`
†h wb‡Ri Lv`¨ wb‡RB ˆZwi Ki‡Z m¶g|
DfPi R‡j I ‡j emevmKvix Rxe|
Dò gvby‡li Rb¨ Avivg`vqK ZvcgvÎv|
ZvcgvÎvi Ggb GKwU Ae v hvi gva¨‡g †Kv‡bv c`v_©
DòZv
KZUv Mig ev Vv v Zv †evSv hvq|
†Kv‡bv GKwU e¯Íyi IRb n‡”Q c„w_ex Zvi †K‡›`ªi w`‡K
IRb e¯ÍywU‡K KZ †Rv‡i Uvb‡Q|
hš¿ ev Kw¤úDUvi †h wb‡`©kbv ev wb‡`©kbvMy‡jv AbymiY
†KvwWs K‡i|
¶wZKi ivmvqwbK
Dcv`vb Ggb c`v_© hv Rxe‡`‡n weiƒc cÖfve m„w K‡i|
AvKv‡i †Qv‡Uv, Kv k Ges gvwUi KvQ †_‡K
Myj¥
kvLvwqZ Dw™¢`|
†PŠ¤^K c`v_© Pz¤^K Kv‡Q Uv‡b Ggb c`v_©|
Rxe hvi Rxeb Av‡Q|
Z_¨ †Kv‡bv KvR, e¯Í,y NUbv m¤cwK©Z Ávb|
2024

129
kã‡Kvl

Avgv‡`i ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b ivbœv Kivi Rb¨

ˆZRmcÎ wbZ¨cÖ‡qvRbxq mvgMÖx, †hgb: _vjv, Møvm, evwU, XvKbv,
cvwZj cÖf…wZ|
_v‡g©vwgUvi ZvcgvÎv gvcK hš¿|
`vn¨ c`v_© mn‡R AvMyb R¡‡j Ggb c`v_©|
†jvnv ev †jvnvRvZxq Ggb c`v_© hv‡Z AvNvZ Ki‡j
avZe c`v_© SbSb kã nq|
ch©‡e¶Y †Kv‡bv e¨w ev e¯Íy‡K wbweofv‡e †`Lv|
c`v_© hv wKQzi IRb I AvqZb Av‡Q Ges RvqMv `Lj K‡i|
cvwL Dò i wewk cÖvYx, hvi cvLbv/Wvbv Av‡Q Ges Do‡Z
cv‡i|
cvbxq cvwb Qvov Ab¨ †hme cvwbRvZxq Lv`¨ cvb Kiv nq|
wc÷b cv‡¤úi dvcv b‡j IVvbvgvi ` |
cyw Dcv`vb †`‡ni e„w I my Zvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Lv`¨ Dcv`vb|
c¨v‡KURvZ Lv`¨ †h LveviMy‡jv e c¨v‡K‡U `xN©w`b msi¶Y K‡i wew
Kiv nq|
cÖhyw hš¿cvwZ, nvwZqvi, †gwkb A_ev †KŠkj hv Avgv‡ì
KvR‡K mnR, DbœZ I `ªæZZi K‡i|
GK ai‡bi Rxe, hviv PjvPj K‡i Ges Lv`¨ MÖnY
cÖvYx K‡i|
dv÷dzW/Rv Lye ZvovZvwo ˆZwi Ges cwi‡ekb Kiv nq Ggb Lvevi|
dzW †hgb: evM©vi, m¨vÛDBP, †d« d«vB BZ¨vw`|
we`y¨r Dr‡mi m‡ ms‡hv‡Mi d‡j †Kv‡bv h‡š¿ we`ÿr
we`y¨ZvwqZ
P‡j Avmv|
weiyr big I AvKv‡i †Qv‡Uv Kv wewk Dw™¢`|
e„¶ `xN©, †gvUv I k Kv wewk Dw™¢`|
†evZjRvZ cvbxq †evZ‡j _vKv bvbv ¯^v‡ì cvbxq|
2024

f yi mn‡R †f‡O hvq Ggb e¯Íy|

130
cÖv_wgK weÁvb

2024

mgvß
131

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