Emily B.

Yuson

CTU - DANAO
 The domain of artificial intelligence is huge
in breadth and width. While proceeding, we
consider the broadly common and prospering
research areas in the domain of AI, Here are
some of the Research Areas in AI:
Machine Learning is a relatively new subset of
AI which has made impressive progress in the
world of Artificial Intelligence. It is an aspect
of study which gives computers the capability
to learn without being programmed explicitly.
As the name suggests, it gives the system that
makes it more like humans.
 The term Machine Learning was coined by an
Artificial Intelligence enthusiast Arthur
Samuel. Machine Learning is a process that
starts with feeding a considerable amount of
data and training machines to construct
machine learning models using different
algorithms.
Prerequisites to learn ML:

 Statistics and probability

 Calculus
 Linear algebra
 Graphical theory
 Programming Skills: Programming languages
such as Python, R, MATLAB, C++, or Octave.
 Machinelearning is divided into Supervised
Learning, Unsupervised Learning, and
Reinforcement Learning.

Supervised learning is used when both the

input and output data are given.
 Unsupervised Learning is used when the
output variables are unknown, and we are
supposed to derive the output from the given
data.

 Reinforcement Learning is the base on which

Artificial Intelligence runs where the model
learns from past experiences with data and
the efficiency of the model increases over
time.
Python is regarded as one of the best programming
languages to run Machine Learning algorithms.

Python libraries that are used in machine learning

are:
 Numpy
 Scipy
 Scikit-learn
 Theano
 Tensorflow
 Keras
 PyTorch
 Pandas
 Matplotlib
 Deep Learning directs the human brain,
sufficing systems to learn to identify objects
and perform sophisticated tasks with
increasing accuracy and precision.
 Deep Learning is a subset of machine learning
which in turn is the subset of Artificial
Intelligence in which multi-layered neural
networks are modelled to work like human brain
learning from large amounts of data
 Deep Learning operates many Artificial
Intelligence applications and tasks that
improve automation, performing physical and
analytical without human intervention.
 Natural Language processing refers to an
Artificial Intelligence method of
communicating with intelligent systems using
a natural language such as English. NLP
allows models to breakdown and
communicate in human language.
There are two components of NLP:

 NaturalLanguage understanding (NLU):

Natural Language understanding is a subtopic
of NLP in Artificial Intelligence that deals
with machine understanding comprehension.

 NaturalLanguage Generation (NLG): NLG is a

process of producing meaningful lines and
sentences in the form of a natural language
from some internal representation.
 “ArtificialNeural Network” refers to a
biologically inspired subset of Artificial
Intelligence model with respect to the brain.
As a brain has interconnecting neurons in its
system, ANN has a similar kind of
interconnections also known as nodes in
various layers of the network.
 Roboticsis an interdisciplinary sector of
science and engineering dedicated to the
design, construction, and use of mechanical
robots that substitute human actions. Robots
aim to manage the objects by perceiving,
opting, displacing, modifying the physical
properties of an object freeing manpower to
perform redundant tasks.
 It mainly comprises Electrical Engineering,
Computer Science Engineering and
Mechanical Engineering to design, construct
and apply robots. Artificial Intelligence is
undoubtedly the most interesting art in the
field of robotics.
Robotics have been used in various domains
such as:

 Industries
 Military
 Medicine
 Exploration
 Entertainment and many more…
 Expert System is a program that uses
Artificial Intelligence technologies to
simulate the knowledge and judgment of
humans.
 An Expert System includes a Knowledge Base,
an Inference Engine, and a User Interface as
its components. Tasks of an Expert system
include classification, diagnosis, monitoring,
design, scheduling, and planning for
specialized ventures.
Some of the characteristics of Expert
Systems are:

 High performance
 Understandability
 Reliability
 High responsiveness
 Computer Vision is a field of Computer
science and Artificial Intelligence that lays
emphasis on replicating parts of the
complexity of the human vision system
allowing computers to establish and process
and objects and videos in the same way as
humans do.
It consists of:

 Image Processing
 Objects Detection
 Object tracking
 Automatic face detection in cameras
 These both terms are common in robotics,
expert systems and natural language
processing. Though these terms are used
interchangeably, their objectives are
different.
 Working of Speech and Voice Recognition
Systems

The user input spoken at a microphone goes to

sound card of the system. The converter turns the
analog signal into equivalent digital signal for the
speech processing.
 There is a large array of applications where
AI is serving common people in their day-to-
day lives:
 Humans learn mundane (ordinary) tasks since
their birth. They learn by perception,
speaking, using language, and locomotives.
They learn Formal Tasks and Expert Tasks
later, in that order.
 Forhumans, the mundane tasks are easiest
to learn. The same was considered true
before trying to implement mundane tasks in
machines. Earlier, all work of AI was
concentrated in the mundane task domain.
 Later, it turned out that the machine
requires more knowledge, complex
knowledge representation, and complicated
algorithms for handling mundane tasks. This
is the reason why AI work is more prospering
in the Expert Task domain now, as the expert
task domain needs expert knowledge without
common sense, which can be easier to
represent and handle.
 An AI system is composed of an agent and its
environment. The agents act in their
environment. The environment may contain
other agents.
 “The science and engineering of making
intelligent machines, especially intelligent
computer programs” by the father of
Artificial Intelligence, John McCarthy.
Artificial Intelligence is a method of making
a system or software think intelligently like a
human and imitate the way they would act.
To put together, some of the tasks computers
with Artificial Intelligence are designed for,
include:

 Learning
 Planning
 Problem Solving
 Speech/Face recognition
 The ultimatum of Artificial Intelligence is to
create software programs that can solve
problems and achieve goals like the human
world. There is a scope in building machines
in robotics, Automation, Speech/voice
recognition, language detection systems,
gaming, expert systems, and much more.
The factors that identify a career in Artificial
Intelligence are:

 Automation
 Robotics
 Usage of Sophisticated Software
 Aspirants of AI require specific education in
math, technology, logic, and engineering
aspects. Apart from these, soft skills like
good communication are important to convey
how AI tools will help when employed.
 Finding a single company that has not used AI
is becoming hard these days. AI is being
implemented in various fields ranging from
Agriculture to the Automobile industry.
 AI in Data Analysis:
AI and ML can play an active part in Data
Analysis and Data Sciences. ML algorithms can
improve iterations which would, in turn, lead
to a gradual increase in accuracy and
precision. Large data sets can be managed and
handled effectively by data scientists and
analysts using AI.
 AIcan derive relationships and insights in
data that would take a great deal of work by
humans to derive these relationships. Google
Analytics is a fine example that uses Artificial
Intelligence and machine learning to derive
traffic insights of websites faster.
 Thescope of AI in data science is rising
rapidly. Another example of AI in data
analysis is predicting outcomes from the
data. As mentioned earlier, AI programs can
manage tons of data and process it much
quicker than humans.
 AI
is progressing in the scientific sector. AI
has the capability to handle large amounts of
data and process it at a much faster rate
than humans. This makes it apt for Research
where the data is contained in large
amounts.
 Everyone must have surely come across ‘Smart
Homes’ these days with smart home assistants
like Amazon Echo and Google Home which allow
individuals to perform various tasks over voice.
Groceries can be ordered online, Music can be
played, calls can be made on phones or even the
lights in a room can be turned on/off with just a
few voice commands. All of these rely on Voice
processing and recognition which uses Artificial
Intelligence and machine learning. They
constantly learn from users’ commands which
aids them to understand humans better and work
efficiently.
 Cyber Security is yet another major futuristic
field that is largely influenced by AI. One
massive breach of security can potentially
dementalize an organization. To prevent this
cause, these organizations are investing
heavily in Cybersecurity. AI is also playing a
crucial role in ‘Fraud detection’. By
identifying fraudulent tendencies and
transactions, a lot of time and resources can
be saved by organizations.
 AIis being used by the transport sector for
decades. Another area where the future
scope of AI is quite vast is self-driven cars.
Many companies are constructing
autonomous vehicles, which rely heavily on
optimal operation of Artificial Intelligence
and machine learning.
 AIhas been aiding researchers in drug
development in recent times. AI is helping
medical researchers and professionals in
various ways. AI is playing an effective role
in using history on cancer-detected patients
to support doctors in creating a better
diagnosis.
 Wrong diagnoses being a significant issue in the
field of medicine, AI can help doctors with
minimizing these errors by providing them with
relevant data and recommendations. AI analyzes
the measures employed in treating previous
patients and suggests using the most effective
treatment. AI can also manage to help in
reducing medical costs by preventing diseases
beforehand and aiding doctors in making a
better diagnosis.
 Apart from these AI scopes for many other
sectors and is expected to scope for even more
in future.