& Jahangir Success Series § & GAD @ ASSISTANT GUIDE Services & GeneratAdmisisfration Department Bi PEN CUCL) Se er LLY eC} CES PACS TT ry Be UCT}§ Jahangir Success Series 5 & GAD test Prep Experts& S&GAD PAST PAPERS PAPER -1 ‘The Central Mubammadan Association was founded In 1877 by:= (#) Chaudhri Retmat Ali (b) Sir Syed Ahmad Khan (©) Syed Ameer Ali (2) Mobinal- Mull ‘The Constitution of the AM India Muslim League was drafted by « Committee in 1907 headed by: (2) Nawab Vigar-l-Mutk (b) Nawab Mobsin-a-Mulle (©) Mualana Muhammad Ali Jauhar (A) Justice Shah Din Which amendments were proposed by Quald-e-Azam in the Nehru Report 1928, to make it acceptable tothe Indian Muslims: (a) The Muslims should be given 1/3 representation in the central legislature. () Forten yeas, the Muslim should be represented in Punjab and Lengal acording to thele population (©) Residuary power should be given tothe provinces. (@) Allofthe above @ 1916 ©) 1919 ‘What was the significance of 217%ai (2) Quside-Azam presented (©) Allama Iqbal delivered Alldhg (6) Lahore Resolution wasp (6) Quside-Azam was elected ‘Which of the following leaders in the preparation of his Fourteen Points in 1929: (2) Maulana Muhammad Ali Jauhar (b) Maulana Shaukat Ali (©) Lisguat Ali Khan (@) Maulana Hasrat Mohani ‘The Government of India Act 1935, divided the country into: (4) Seven Provinces (b) Nine Provinces _(€) Eleven Provinces (4) Thinteen Provinces, {In the Provincial Election of 1937, All India Muslim League won largest number of seats in the: (4) United Provinces (UP) () Sindh Province (©) Punjab Province (8) Central Provinces (CP) ‘The Indian Muslim observed "Day of Deliverance” after the resignation of Congress ministries va: (1) 12 September 1939 (b) 22 September 1939 (©) 12 December 1939 (@) 22 December 1939 (Chaudhri Rehmat Ali first used the word ‘Pakistan’ in his pamphlet "Now or Never’ is (®) 1933 () 1935 © 1937 @ 1938 entity the Secretary of State for lndla who led the Cabinet Mission in 1946: () Sir Stafford Cripps (0) AN. Alexander (©) Lord Pethick Lawrence (a) Sir Anthony McDonaldined All India Muslim League it rohtarro Fatima Sinan Jl ee oy 19 @ 137 Pie ©) 1 aout 3rd Naren 9 ssc om Sindh ovine pons (0) Makhdoom Talb-ul-Maula om (@) Sir Shahnawaz Bhutto (©) Sir Abdulllah Haroon ; 14. Congress launched "Quit India Movement" against the British Government in: ae @) 1941 (© 1982 ( 19% 15. GandhisJinnah talks were held in 1944 fo discuss the C.R Formula, prepared by:- (4) C.Rajagopalachari (0) V.P, Menon (6) Abuul Kalam Azad (4) Lord Wavell 16. Who presided over the Simla Conference in 1945? (2) Lord Mino () Lord Wavell 17. After Sir Aga Khan the next President of All India Muslim League wa (2) Vigaral-Muk (&) Maulana Zafar Ali Khan (6 Raja Sahib of Mehmudabo 4 (8) Mian Muhammad Shafi 18. The Hindus had launched "Swadeshi Movement” (to boycott English made goods) in the wake of (a) The UrdusHindi Controversy 1867 Panition of Bengal 1908 (©) Jallisnwala Bagh Tragedy 1919 above 19. The Piepur Report on the brutaitiso Dy 1937, was compiled by: (a) A.K. Fazlul Haq (© Navab Satimullsh Khan 20. Who among the following leaders ha (©) Lord lrwin (@) Lord Mountbatten 23rd March 19402 < ©) Nn ate a 26 Fp} Of Khaleeguz-Zaman © Da.Ma A (@) SirSikander Hayat Pick the sy ‘nonyms 21. Recon; (2) Popalr ©) Ads F a ne ) Adjust © Prise () Fase (© Supeiy 0) Foolhnes 2 ag ) ishness (©) Swell, (@) Surrender (@) Pardon (b) Penalty © ustice Md) Rel lease 6) Fortune Au ©, Hopeta () Lucky orrect 2 “ 2s, Akber will look pant re my workin absence, ©) ater 26. You ought to abide aap 2 oe on i in, Si © by CarySeanger27. You should refrain__ hurting her feelings. (@) fom © (oo Pee 28. twasamazed his misbehaviour. @ with &) of (©) for wa Select the correct meaning of the following idiom: 29, Tobeabove board: (a) To have a good height (b) Tobe honest in any business deal (©) They haveno debts (@) Totrytobe beaut ‘30. Toputone's hand to plough: (@) Totake up agricultural farming (©) Totake a dtc task (© Togetemangled into unnecessary things _(d) Take interest in echnical work ‘31. How many Public Libraries are in Pakistan? (@ 200 (208 © 12 (8) None of these 32. Which ofthe following isthe oldest library of Pakistan? (3) Punjab University Library (©) Jinnah Library Gujranwala (©. Quaide-Azam Library Libary ‘Whois the founder of Punjab Public¥f (@) Michael Gorman (0) Randi In which year Quaid-e-Azam Libe Punjab Publi prd Atchison (4) Quaid-e-Azam (@ 1987 © 1 (@) None of these ‘When the National Library of Pa (@) 1987 () 1951 @ 1950 {In which city the National Library of Pakistaris (@) Karachi (©) Islamabad (© Lahore (@) None of these ‘Which ofthe following world not be found atthe Victoria Falls? (@) Zaire () Zambia (©) Zimbabwe (@) Zambezi What do you call the offspring of an elephant walrus and a whale? (a) Fawn (&) Pup © calf @ cb ‘Who established the first public Hbrary ofthe world? (a) Alexander the Great (b) “Julius Caesar (e) Genghis (a) Zahese-ud-Din Babar ‘Who is called the founder of private libraries? (@) Ashoor Bani Paul (b) Aristotle (© Batlimous (@) None ofthese Pakistan isnot member of one of the following international organization. Ldeatit (@) D8 ©) G7 © on @ NAM ‘Out of the word's ten most populated countries, Pakistanis at number: @ 6 7 09 @ 0 Green vegetables are a good source of: (@) Protein (©) Minerals and vitamins (e)Fats and oil (@) Starch Qcamscann51 2. Reuters" Is the famous news agency of: . (a) USA () Britain (©) France (@) Russia 1 metric fon i equal to: (@) 100 kilograms ——-(b) S00 kilograms (€) 1000kilograms —(@)_ 10000 kilograms ‘The substances human body produces to fight against disease germs are called: (2) Vaccines () Serums (© Viruses (@) Antibodies jonomter" Is an instrument for measuring: () Gaseous pressure () The luminous intensity ofthe sources of light (©) The strength of direct curent (©) The relative density of milk ‘The term of office forthe judges ofthe International Court of Justice is: (a) Three years () Five years (© Sevenyears. ——(@) Nine years ‘The planet farthest from the Sun is: (e) pier (&) Satum (©) Mercury (@) Neptune "Bristol isa seaport of: : @ UK () Germs Sl Netherlands (4) Australia *arlana’ is an aleline of: (2) Sei Lanka © & ‘What is contraband? (2) All narcotics (©) Allsmmuggled mater Wire (@) Goods which may assist an enemy inthe conduct of war ‘What is "Greenpeace"? (2) A mountain range in North America () The largest stand in the world (©) Geological society of London (@) An organization that stresses the need to maintain a balance between human progress ‘avirunmental conservation ‘What is meant by the term "Bullet Vote"? (a) A vote whichis yet tobe cas inthe election (b)_ Decisive vote in the counting (€) A allot in which electors confine thelr interest 10 single issue or candidate (@) None of these ‘The ‘Balance of Payment is understood as: (2) Thebalance of amount afer paying deb. (b) The balance of income and expenditures in the annual budget, (©) The balance between a nation’s expenditures on imports and its receipts from exports (@) None of these Beamscanner‘Which is the smallest state in area? 6 (®) Bahrain (0) Maldives (© Matta () Brunei 1, Vinch is equa to: ’ (e) 1S4.cemtimetres (0) 284 cenimetes —(€) 3.64 centimetres (@) 4.02 ceovimetes 44, Which part ofthe World is called "The Land of Free People"? (a) Switzeland () Thailand (0) West Indies 1. ‘Arboriculture is a sence of (a) Raising of sitkworms forthe production of aw silk (©) Cultivation of lowers, ruts and omamental plants (©) Cultivation of trees and shrubs (© Study ofinsees.. [Q' A tAsia Wateh’ < (4) Human rights organization - (@) Abi time clock in Japan's partiament building (©) News ageney of Taiwan (@) None ofthese “The world's famous bridge "Golden Gate" is located (2) New York (©) Sydney (©) Mexico City (4) San Francisco «Whats "Acrophobi Seem (2) The fear ofheight —(b) The fear of dogs."~, (0) The fear of water _(d) None ofthese “Davis Cup' i associated with which sports/gamne? (d) Order of Rising There are three types of rocks. Into which catty tone fall? (a) Igneous (b) Sedimentary Metamorphic (d) None of these How quickly do tectonic plates move? (a) 100-200cm each year (b) 100-200km each year (©) 1-2cm each year (d)_1-2km each yea: Shakeel Afridi, who had helped CIA to track Osama bin Laden has ‘ ..1 sentenced to jail for how many years? (a) 24 years (b) 12 years (©) 33 years (d) 36 years Mont Blanc is controversial between the countries: (a) Russia and Greece (b) Croatia and Czech Republic (©) France and Italy (d)_ None of these Which of the following countries won the World Cup Football title held in South Africa? (a) Spain (b) Brazil (c) The Netherlands —() Germany The Anuradhapura massacre was carried out by Tamil Tigers, but which was the ethnic group targeted? (a) Chinese (b) Sinhalese (©) Bengalis () Jains The bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 in 1988 left so many people dead that it was the biggest terrorist incident against a US target before 9/11. How many people died? (a) 198 (b) 543 (©) 270 (a) 356 The Ecole Polytechnique massacre occurred on 1989; in which city the university was located? (a) Montreal (b) Vancouver (©) Quebec (@) Terrebonne20. 21, 22, 23, 24, 28. 26. 21. 28. 29.+ 31. 32. 33. 34, 35. 36. The 1993 Bombay bombings were a series of terrorist attacks In different locations In My India, Which of the following places was NOT targeted that day? ‘ (a) Hotel Sea Rock (b) Mumbai Suburban Railway (c) Sahar Airport (a) Bombay Stock Exchange Building ‘The Antifascist Resistance Groups October First is a terror group based In what country? (a) Spain (b) France (c) Germany (d) Scotland This group was responsible for the kidnapping of 16 forelgn tourists In Abyan, Yemen in Deeg, 1998. (a) Aden-Abyan Islamic Army (b) Yemeni Islamic Front (ce) Abyan Jihad (d) Aden Islamic Brotherhood Hafiz Muhaminad Saced founded __ In Afghanistan in 1991, (a) Lashkar-e-Taiba (b) Jamia Islamiya (©) Khuddam ul-Islam (d) Hezbollah Indian Councils Act enlarged the membership of the Central Legislative Council: (a) 1885 (b) 1892 (c) 1889 (d) 1887 The "Communal Award" was announced by: (a) Lloyd George (b) Ramsay MacDonald (©) Winston Churchill (d) Stanley Baldwin Gandhi started Satyagraha Movement in 1919 in protest against the: (a) Simon Commission (b) Champaran wrongs Colonial exploitation of India (c) Enactment of Rowlatt Act (d some religious-minded Government servants,| Nadvat-ul-Ulema was establisp and Ulema in: (a) 1889 Which of the following evefts5 (a) Gandhi took over the lead (c) Khilafat Movement v . (d) 1885 itl the year 1920? “tl)). Non-Cooperation Movement 9), Chauri Chaura incident Where was the session of Muslim LedsueAtewhed the resolution demanding the creatia Pakistan was passed? a (a) Bombay ) Q (©) Lahore (a) Madras World Telecommunication Day is observed-on? (a) 17th May (b) 2nd May (©) 8th May (@) 12th May If the length of a rectangular plot is reduced to 3/Sth of its original length, what will be the rai original area to the reduced area? (a) 53 B) 2:3 (©) 43 (a) 6:3 5 workers, working 8 hours a day, finished painting a house in 2 days. If an identical house ht be painted completely in a day by 8 workers, how many hours should they work? (a) 9 (b) 10 © ul (a) 13 Two chairs and one table cost Rs,400, while one table and one chair cost Rs.300. What is the pri the table? (a) Rs.100 (b) Rs.200 (©) Rs.300 (a) Rs.400 Who is Tihomir Ore’kovié? (a) Prime Minister of Slovenia (b) Prime Minister of Bosnia-Herzegovina (©) Prime Minister of Yugoslavia (d) Prime Minister of Croatia Including port cities such as Venice, which sea separates the Ktalian peninsula (Italy) and the Bal, peninsula (Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Yugoslavia, and Albania), (a) fonian Sea (b) Aegean Sea (c) Tyrrhenian Sea (d) Adriatic Sea ‘The Gulf of Aqaba is connected to the Red Sea 110 miles long (177 countries and is approxim Kilometers). The gulf borders (a) Israel, Jordan, Egypt, and Saudi Africa (b) Israel, Jordan, Lebanon and Saudi, Arabia (c) Israel, Jordan, Egypt, and Saudi Arabia (d) Lebanon, Jordan, Egypt, and Saudi Arabia Jsauuerswe) & Chad is a landlocked country in: (a) Europe (b) Asia (©) Africa (d) South America Russia observe its Independence Day every year on: (a) June 11 (b) June 12 (e) June 13 (d) June 14 The deadliest of the 20th century earthquake occurred on what continent? (a) South America (b) North America (ce) Asia (A) Australia Who is the current prime minister of Russia? (a) Dmitry Medvedev (b) Vladimir Putin (©) Silvio Berlusconi (d) Vladimir Meadoney Which US state has had the most earthquakes? (a) Alaska (b) Nevada (€) Oregon (d) Nebraska XCIX is the Roman numerals for which number? (a) 119 (b) 121 (©) 49 ) 9 Which remarkable mineral abundant sea is so dense and salty that it can't sustain any life form? It lies further beneath sea level than any body of water on earth. (a) A The Black Sea (b) The Dead Sea (c) The Eerie Sea (d) None of these Which animal has an offspring called a cub and its collective group is called a sleuth? (a) Pig (b) Bear ~ (©), Fox (d) Antelope What does a philatelist collect? é (a) Stamps (b) Postcards (d) Autographs What country does the giant panda inhabi (a) Australia (b) Kenya Which animal's name is derived from tw; (d) China A ‘terrible lizard’? (a) Crocodile (b) Komodo (d) Dinosaur Sardines are small fish which were orig gf which Italian island? (a) Stromboli (b) Sardinia (a) Elba In which American state is the site of the of Fort Knox located? (a) Texas (b) Kansas (d) Kentucky Which is the only deer in which both sexes ha (a) Moose (b) Red deer (d) Fallow deer In which country would you find Utrecht, Arnhem and Maastricht? (a) Germany (b) Belgium (c) The Netherlands (d) France What is France's 'train a grande vitesse’ better known as? (a) T.G.V (b) T.A.G (© THS (d) TAY Which of the following would not be found at the Victoria Falls? (a) Zaire (b) Zambia (c) Zimbabwe (d) Zambezi What do you call the offspring of an elephant, walrus and a whale? (a) Fawn (b) Pup (c) Calf (a) Cub {tis estimated that there are different languages spoken around the world. (a) 300 (b) 3,000 (c) 30 (d) 3 What is the collective noun for a group of camels travelling in a single file and transporting goods? (a) Caravan (b) Parliament (c) Yoke (d) Knot Which strait links the Mediterranean Sea to the Atlantic Ocean? (a) Gibraltar (b) Bass (c) Magellan (d) Denmark Which of the following is CORRECT statement about the Wright Brothers who achieved the fist powered fight? ‘a) ‘They ran a cycle business in Ohio, USA (b) ‘They were called Wilbur and Orville Wright (c) They designed their first powered plane, Flyer I" All (d) None of these59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. | a. 7. 73. 14. 75. 16. 71. In Shakespeare's play, 'Measure for Measure’, what is the name of the simple constable? (a) Elbow (b) Knee (c) Bottom (d) Wrist 7 Valentia Island is off the coast of which country? (a) Ireland (b). Spain (c) Venezuela (d) Italy 7 Which of the following pass connects Kila Abdullah with Chaman? (a) Mintaka Pass (b) Khojak Pass (©) Dorah Pass (d) Muztagh Pass 8 Which lake is located near Thatta (Sindh)? (a) Satpara (b) Phander (©) Keenjhar (d) Hanna Hanna Lake is situated near: s (a) Peshawar (b) Quetta (©) Murree # (d) Kaghan Which of following places is the rainiest in Pakistan? } (a) Murree (b) Rawalpindi (©), Karachi (d) Quetta What is the total length of coastline of Pakistan? (a) 1020 km (b) 1046 km (©) 1095km =| @):1126 km (a) Pamir \(o) K2 (4) Rakaposhi Diamer-Bhasha dam will y (a) 4200 MW (d) 6000 MW Which is the biggest eartht (a) Tarbela ()_ None of these “9! Karachi (d) Islamabad ¥ 26, 1964 the first TV Station was established in: (a) Lahore 4b) ‘Ketachie (c) Dhaka Rawalpindi When Pakistan won the Cricket World Cup? < * (a) 1992 (b) 1996 (c) 1999 (d) 2003 The first census in Pakistan was held in: (a) 1948 (b) 1951 (©) 1959 (a) 1961 Name of the Crop sown on the largest area of Pakistan? (a) Rice (b) Sugarcane (c) Cotton (d) Wheat U Thant, Secretary-General of United Nations from 1961-71 belonged to: (a) Thailand (b) Singapore (©) Burma (a) Brazil ‘The first track of Pakistan Railways established between Karachi and Kotri was laid down in: (a) 1858 (b) 1861 (©) 1892 (a) 1902 What do you understand by status quo? (a) With date (b)_ Present state (©) In good condition (a) None of these What do you understand by locus standi? (a) Standing in a community (b) Right to intervene (c) Public following (@)_ Right to defenddauuerswe) &S One nautical mile is equal to kilometres, (a) 1.614 (b) 1.921 (c) 1.853 (d) 1.756 By selling a fan for Rs. 475, a person loses 5%, To get a gain of 5%, he should sell the fan for: (a) Rs.500 (b) Rs.525 (c) Rs.535 (d) Rs.575 Twelve men take 6 hours to finish a piece of work. After the 12 men have worked for 1 hour, the contractor decides to call in 8 more men, How many more hours would 20 men take to complete the remaining work? (a) 2 (b) 3 () 4 (d) 5 The headquarters of UNESCO is located in: (a) New York (b) The Hague (©) Paris (d) Moscow Book "Not The Whole Truth" was written by: (a) Muhammad Aslam (b), Muhammad Rustam Kiani (©) Z.A. Nazir (a) Nawaz Rawn “Incomplete Partition" is written about Kashmir dispute by: (a) KM. Arif (b) Alastair Lamb (©) Barnett Rubin. (d)_ None of these ‘Who discovered antiseptic surgery? : {a) Joseph Lister (b) Ronald Ross 0 A Fleming (d) William Harvey Who invented the hydrogen bomb? (d) Edward Teller The speed per minute at which earth revo & in i (a) 800 km (b) 1,000 km (nr ; OQ Which of the following countries in South AN @2e Ywadloc (a) Nepal and Bangladesh a ; (©) Bhutan and Nepal jatan and Pakistan (d) More than 1,600 &v Ataturk Dam is located in (a) Argentina (b) Turkey (©) Ghana (@) tran Name the person who sailed around the world in the ‘Golden Hind"? (a) Sir Francis Drake (b)_ John Davis (©)_ Vitus Bering (d)_James Clark Who is the author of "Muslim League Yesterday aad Today"? - : (a) A.B. Rajput (b) K.K. Aziz “+ (@-KeB, Sayeed (@) None of these ‘Who was the first Romanian in space? \e (a) Dumitru Prunariu —(b)-Yang Liwei (@) “Sultan Silman Kl-Saud (a) None of these 4 < - 2.2} Substances used to bring relief in pain are ¢alled: (a) Novel Ant pain (b) Antipyretics + Analgesics, (d) Antibiotics Novel written by Orhan Pamuk Literature Prize winter SU / (a) The White Castle (b) Black Book (0) State oPDenial = () A.& Bo Which country is the biggest producer of wool in the world? (a) France (b) Canada (©) USA (a) Kazakhstan Which country is the biggest producer of Uranium in the world? (a) Pakistan (b) Russia (c) USA (@) Australia Olympics are held once in every: (a) Two years (b) Three years (©) Four years (a) Five years97. 98. 99. 100. 6 Modern Olympics was revived by: (a) A Dutch nobleman (b) A Greek nobleman (c) A French nobleman (d) A German philosopher A balanced diet contains (a) Animal protein (b) Macro and micro nutrients (c) Food nutrients for growth and maintenance (d) Butter and ghee When Prime Minister of Pakistan Yousof Raza Gillani was indicted for contempt of Cy Supreme Court of Pakistan? (a) 10th February 2012 (b) 12th February 2012 (©) 13th February 2012 (d) 15th February 2012 The first ever artificial satellite was launched by: (a) Russia (b) France (©) Japan (d) America je folate |» |p |p lo lela lol» lolele in en al js Jalale|ele|ole lee |= |» |= /aleENGLISH LIST OF SYNONYMS & ANTONYMS The following isa list of common words along with their synonyms (words with more of les sia ren) al ttonyen (wor i fe es ppt etng) © ep Yor th ‘CTaulny sect ons fof Your ern ed ¢simiat Net IE! corpse toni) [avandon |For, kav, give up lings, ~|Reain say wih { Abase humiliate, disgrace, bring down, humble | exalt, uplift, honour. 7 pbash | Confuse, feel or made to feel ashamed, _| Encourage, cheer to : onend ae Ln ce dimiih dene | Ra, ie, augme, | st el, asi, encourage iscourge hiner, block =) bhor Dislike, detest, hate . approve. like. ject, Degade nan oven, reed [ow neem : Sonor Unusual, irregular, unnat | Normal, usual, regular | [ict tren roped disavow [Accept claim vow |Accumulate Collect, pileup, store Aboriginal Native, indigenous Immigrant iriported Abortive a mt ten micrine [Sc ete, wee age Condens sinned, heen call [Expand Sind, os Abrupt Suen, seep, hasty [cate getty, sopag ‘Abscond Decamp, rn away, go away scerely | Remain, stay, live in Absolve Acq, release pardon, st fie fom gui | Condemn, sentence Abstain Refrain, desis forbear Conic, permit Atsruse Hidden, obscure, dep imple, open, revealed ‘Abundant Ample, penile, exaberam eager, inadequate, poo. nse Abuse Ine, marca lap Apes, [Prise se well ‘Accede Consent, assent, Ee \Refuse, resign, quit ‘Accelerate |Hasten, expedite, ppeher * | Retard, hinder, reduce speed ‘Accession | Addton, enlargemts ZEA dininsion, oss | Accommods Suit, reconcile, oblige = Refuse, disoblige [Accomplish | Fnish, ull execute, achieve Fil, eave undone Accord Agreement harmony, wilingness [Discord disagreement, unwitingnes Accredited | Autharied, emrsed,deepted Disreied unauthorized Squander, waste, distribute Ignorance, untamiar [Acquaintance | Knowledge, cognizance Acute Sharp, penetrating Dll, bl Addicted Devoted, accustomed to Unaddicted, tree Adept Skilful, expert Clumsy, not expertinexperta Adhere stick, abide by cling ireak rom, come undone [Adjacent tose, near, comiquous Remote, distant, fr aay Adjourn Postpone, defer delay, a of, Advance, hurry on schedule Adoration Worship, reverence, be Ieverence coer, digg. marin Alliance, Hiking, sympathy, attraction | Diske,ditcord, antipathy epi, Fepuynance Imensty, make worse Diminish, reduce, please, satity, Alienate Esange, taster desolation Reconcile. ecover | — fAlenation [Desolation isatection Allegiance camaraderie, companionship, | elowship | Disloyalty, weachery, disaffection, ategiance teva | tance Atercition agrement consensus Amvgvous suipcon, step [Clear simple, erin, confidence | am improve, amend, tie Wort, mpi, erate Amiale [Lovable charming, presale able | Unloval,watrcive ‘amicable | Friendly, cor in good ten, ot ‘analogy [Likeness resembines,comparion [Discs disimie Aminiate [Destroy abl nay, wpe reduce | Restore, raf, improve Annul | Cancel, quash, nullify, wipe out, reduce | Restore, ratify, improve: | al Friendly, sympathetic, associated Antagonistic | Opposed, adverse, hostile, ‘Anticipate | Foresal, forecast, prejudge, foresee | Be behindhand, missAntique Apparent Appenve Applaud Applause Apprise Apprehend Approbation 0 Distibe, av hosiiy ‘Aneent ol hoary, tn Cleat, evident, plan, conypleauan, manifest, obviows Avs we aclly, lessen, alley Aiphten cheer, approve », acclamation, plaudit Pertinent, relev Anform, acqu Liking, sympathy attachment Maver, tea new, young, recent, pe navel obscure, invisible, concealed, den, secret, mplet, imcomspic Provoke, vex, enlarge, eveala elghten ry down, hiss Abuse, disapproval, jeering, boom, censure Irrelevant, inappo " 4 Keep secret, misintorn pprova, censure, dissatisfaction Reasonable, mild, constitutional Arbitrary |Arduous Difficult, laborious Easy light, simple { Ardent Fiery, heated, hot, passionate, Fervent, | Calm, coo, impassive 1 impassioned, zealous ™ = —— Arrogant Hfavehty, indolent, overbearing, imperious | Humble, tolerant, modest, doi, obsequious | Ascendaney - 4 xcite, distr, enlarge, seal ucighten, toughen Drange, dsarange, dsjoin, dislocate, nist 4 Timid, shrinking, considerate, humblen polite, respecial 1 [Augment Increase, enlarge, swell, extend Decrease, lesen, reduce Authentic True, certain, genuine, ver ‘Unauthenti, spurious Auspicious Lucky, favorable Unfavorable, unlucky Avenge Retaliate, punish Forgive, pardon, overlook Willingness, readiness, king aersion (tty, dati, owtingpes, dae proestion —_[Recreton, employment orewre | Vocuion balan wt eneabe solemn, radial sbckng [Sener oangreiv, pmaat Maetward [Clumsy nhandy, rode, clowaih, _—_[Hany,clever gmcstt ened | gaily ae ame ete, tae parle LMS MLO NN i. ny | sat yo ous Barbarous ‘Uncivilized, cruel |< [cifilized) gentle Bare Naked, nde sped 1 See eed | TBarvinae | Obstacle, bare, hale “Rp open, aproncable Deceive, cheat Enlighten, treat, honesty Depreciate, deprecate, discredit, disparage, Credit, encourage, enhance, exaggerate Charitable, benign, kindness, generosity, unselfishness [Matevotent, unckartable, males, stinginess,egoism, merciless Disclose, divulge, deceive, cheat, giveaway Conceal, defend, be loyal Puzzle, perplex, confuse Enlighten, illuminate Compulsory, obligatory Voluntary laxative [One-sided, partial, partisan, prejudiced, Disinterested, open minded, ambiased slanted, subjectiveDigotry ia, inoterece, arow-mindedness | Impaiaiy, objectivity Blandishmest | Fanery, onxng Blues, disrespect asphemy | Profanity, swearing, using, obscenity, |Reverence, exquisite, polite vulgarity, obscene blatant nosy, voirous,elamorous it, gee, soothing beak coi heres, bac, dso Warm, comforable, oxriows, heaky Biss opines, delight Uaappines, misery Bloom Frosnes, ash Decay, withered ste Rogele Faker, out, waver, shrink, demu, shirk | Be cern at promply, consent, acca Boisterous uit, calm, of ile, disciplined, rama Bombastic =] imple, vies, rie, sober speech Brandish “]Ares, hang suspend Brashness “Teivtiy, meekness,ptiteness Brevity Stormess, conciseness, succneness, _|Lengty, mg-windedness,circumoce summarized rat croc rough, beste Human kindly, ene Brusque Abrupt, ue, blunt, bu cut, gutsy | Diplomatic, gracious. manner, polite ane Bystander | Looker-on onlookr, spectator, beholder [Pefomer ator Candia Fi, imparia jst Frank, ingenvous | Unfair, pail biasd disingenuous canvass Investigate, seruinizs, inspect, soit [Leave alone, refuse Caprice Freak, whim, fancy, agiry Stade captivity | bondage, servitude Freedom, tery Catastrophe Calamity, debacle, disaster, ca Benefit, blessing, boon, comfort, succesry [caress Fone, hug, embrace Repel discourage [cease Leave of, stop, desist, Begin, continue ceve [Give up, surender, yield relinquish | Hold, refuse (Ceebrated | Famous, notable, renowned, glorious, | Unknown, undistinguished eminent ‘Censure Blame, condemn, rebuke, admonish, Praise, commend, endorse reprimand Ceremonious | Formal, solemn, cour, ritual Unceremonious, informal. undignified, haphazard Cessation Ending, pause, rest, ceasing, intermission, | Begining, continuance aiscontinuance Cheer Gladden, encourage, exis chi, depres, dspir, rdieule,sadden, | AReocariened ish Nourish, foster, enter Hist vatrous | Heroic, brace rly, ungallant sumocution | Euphemism,euph ET SOPH vity concisenes, condensation, periphrasis icetness,succinctness ymscribe | Bound, contain, encircle, enclose open, unbound encompass, surround our Outery, uproar Silence, peace pmency [Gentleness, mildnes, memy, leniency | Harshness, severity ition Alliance, combination Disunion, separation se Rough, gros, thick, rade, vulgar Thin, fn, refined ree [Compel fore, subdue, oblige, constrain | Persuade, lead ree, cooperate, coincide, collaborate ‘tateral Indirect, not ines, confiematory Linea, ree, iminutve ossal Gigantic, huge, largeee enn es ae [tment ation ta ee nt Desecration Debasement, defilement, profanation, | Consecration, purification, sancti ficatis ae eet oa eee hopelessness. hope, optimism,| Well-provided, well w do Ll ioe tenet ___{u se soe Tower pol desine a Empty, vacent Full, wel, supplied sos Fr feng te Bese tity [clumsiness not sk ae —— Ties, doo Conte, rusting act | Ruined, wated ered, epi mee pend, widen, Da Conteds enor, oe hari ee Sa —— Trev, dss Misuedestand, one ate [Sul cheerios, dr Tapp, cel gad ase —Tatae dbase degrade can, Compliment, xa, pra, ae, epee tevapedn toate aired [Pampa nse op need Wise, paral, abjecve Disa Dak, ry Teioetelg sees Disemiaal SIE yet en a Dest [Aw epalng mar N Dres paper i, cou Drell Reside, abide, live Dwindle Decrease, shrink, dealing ap Zeb F Avi, desirous, intent, MARTE FADE} uninterested, uninvolved Eager, ardent Slack, apathetic Irregular, anomalous [Concentri, regular Tdiosynerasy, oddity, quirk [Commonness, normality, ordinariness, conventionality = [Overshadow, dim, obscure Reveal, ilumine easy Rapture, anspor (Calmness, agony, displeasure ible Eatabe, harmless [Uneatable, inedible Efigacy Force, energy, virtue, potency, Weakness, impotence, incompetency competency Plegant (Graceful, refined, deluxe, elaborate, | Unrefined, mediocre, simple, unadomed, [ luxurious, sumptuous * usual, vulgar Embarrass | Confuse entangle Help, enable Embarrassment [Chagrin shame, har discomposure, mort Brashness, composure, confidence, contentment, exaltation, temerity Embezale Steal, finch Be honest, sincere Embrace Incorporate, embody Exclude, keep away Emotion Alec, desire, feeling, passion, sentiment | Indiference, reason, msensibiliy, rationally crac intrude, trespass, intinge, invade, violate [Keep away from, desist, withdraw, respectEndorse pio sac, ae, cont iy, [iaFPoNe,OpoHE RSME conden OK reject repchend. Endow Dower, furnish, bequest Deprive, withhold Fare pee [Continuance persis wilsiand, sustain [Cessation oe elingush, submit. By cope, ptup with Enormous [Colossal gigantic lange Smal puny, compact Follow, succeed [Go before, cause Involve, implicate evel Unravel fe, clear Allure, aac, ek Repel, epuse resist Entangle,ensare Sete, berate Jealousy il-wil [Good- wil, contntedness Berth, mary. suppor Refuse, oppose. esis Decrease, lessen, reduce, weaken Increase, intensily, sep up ‘Nbscond, flee ly, retreat, run away [Conffon, face, follow, remain, submit surender Transient, temporary non-permanent Bieraal Tali evan, permanent Evasive Shufing, equivocal = Frank, hoes Scere ‘Everlasting Endless, eternal, timpléSqQink Finite, temporary. never-ending, uneghihp Ampliy, msi 7 Sp Vinnie, orders Eaggerate Exalt Litup raise tage] S(t | Exeel Surpass superol O> \ i= _f + fl inferior Eaclain Call ou, vier Ie se. uit Exhale Breath ou, evapora Inkl, nae, assim Ealle Banish expulsion, expat ct, Reparation, weleome, eet relegate, rsticate Tapatrate [Bul expe. eign Repatte,eeal sencrate | Absave, equ, vindicate, exalts | Aezue implies explicit Dales ie, pref polished, ined [Clumsy unrefined, common, coarse, ough Extenuate | Lessen, rece, decrease, decline iighen mens, echance, exaggera Extinguish [Quench anil = Ligh, kindle Exirancous [Foreign exis Native intins,relevany, significant Exireate Emancipat ee Enlave, bind Fabulous Fale aot al, feivous mythical | Troe rea, cba based on facts Gull, serious Facsiow ery sing Dull serious Falla Deception, sion Truth rea Fanasie Fanci, igpoaive queer Real, praca Fastclous | Partular, eeulos indieret, careless Feeble Weak, debited, al, dim, | Suong, vigorous, saneoy, happiness bessnese [itowing, vehement ty ou Misfortune, sorow, gif misery. anes ~ [False unt, no re Typical, metaphyseal founded, tied Stig thin vil es [Wave vail, vibrate oct swing rp ne, wrinkle, pleat prescience Farighiedness, foresight, forethought, Give up, sacrifice waive Demand, Keep. presen take back Abjure, disavow, disclaim, reean eact, | Assert, acknowledge, claim upbokt entench Weak, brite, fal, dlc abe Dishonest, cheating Secure, sengien, rac, encourage, —_ | Weaken, dicourage, unerve Foolish vain (Grimace, pou cow Dismal, mourn gloomy Stealthy, sere, ly, sneaky, sine Ne tn Fe Useless, vanity, wortlesness Uiility 2dvantage, profitable Toyousnes, estvity Sadness, mourning omado, yphoon. Blizard, breeze, cyclone, Tharcane, | Peace, wanqulity (Courage, bravery, heroism, chivally | Cowardic, polwoonery ‘Specual, pallid, horible [Corporel, alive, pleasing unpolished Doors, maladrot, weless, uncoul, | Urbane, adroit, polite, considerate Ava, authentic, real, ve Antica, fe, Forged, spurious, imaginary Davi, dear. wey, dim Cheerful, bight gay [Afabe, amiable cordial ougoing, viscous | Social inrovered Sic, ns Lig root Tpke spe ner Shabby. mean. dey Spl, eames Sabin, sles Ejommen Sl Dirapoanen,dtsaian Sule, sy Mi, pale = Voluntary. spontaneous Mercenary, paid forSoom Envy slouy (Good ove Grane bay. wim in ko [Charmi eg pane Gale Creduous, ang cal doubt, dubious, seeped Gash Flow, seam Stop ese in iackaeyed Common, sale Nove, fresh Tamper Shackle, clog tinder Release, accelerate apes norte, unluck Lek fortunate Harbor Shi, ode, del Eject. Bis, remove Harmony [Concord agreement, accord Discord, disagreement Hazardous [Adventurous bod, dangerous, etenng [Protected safeguarded Heart Cordial, dem insincere, old Heed | Mind, pay attention Disregard, neglect Herculean [Laborons, colossal difcut Stig cay. simple Homogensous —[Unifrm, snr, pre Heterogeneous, mixed Hobby [Avocation past, spo. eration | Busnes, labour, livlibood, profession Humane [Gente = [ret ungenle Hostile eli ee Cordial, fend, leant Humility [ghee [Pride arogance Hunoross cy || Glomy, dull, sedate Husky (i <<] [in ean, weak Hypocrisy iN De]. Honesty, sincerely Hypocrivcal [Tact aor” | Candid hones loyal marl, sincere entity Sam Difference, not iia imbibe Absorb engonssimiate digest | js, discharge, vomit Immaculate | Spt, snes Spore, stained Immerse Dip, plunge, douse ibm Draw ost Imm Exemption rele, freedom, pivlege | Subjetion, Tabity impatient |Hindance, prevention Fail, erty a essen impertinent —[ielevan,ompadent Perinen levat Implicate —[ Entngle, involve Exclude Impel Drive, moat, nove inhibi, preven quel Implici implied infeed, cover Expressed reserved, exposed impenetrable [Inpassbl, impermeable, imperons | Accessible, ope, permeable Imposter [Cheat rogue Honest person Imprudense | Thougtlesmes eedlessess Prudence, careless Imitate Ape, copy. mig, impersonate Crewe orgie enceentiite [Unapproachable, distant, remote |Approachable, accessible Tnadvertent —[oatentive, carces,ovesighted Attentive, heed, thoughtfula Gamera harsh [Clement merifl Dinding, compulsory, obligatory nnecesary, non compulsory [Arous, exhort, foment Discoursge, hinder. subdve Compensae, reward, pay Init, loss Buy, ative, laborious ate lazy - Unavordable,necesary Avoidable, wnecesaty [Cajle, coax, persuade, urge, wheedle Hinder, repel, subdue, divcourape Debilitated sick [Strong bali, stout nie Tasteless dul, Navored Boundless, imitable, Wiles [Cicumecrbed, frit, Timid Break, violate Submit obey Lunacy, madness Sanity, sensibility [Taty,well- flavored immediate, quick, momentary Future, remove, dy [Continuance resume Suspension, stoppage Inerposition, mediation, involvement | Neglect. hindrance Involved, complicated, obscure, knoty | Straightforward simple, clea. €25) Invade, encroach away, respect Bankrupt, broke, inpecunion® @) i, sb, rich welhio do [inition Iasight, instinct inference fnvigorate | Straighten stimulate uanerve fnvoluniary | Compulsory, automatie_\ 0 5 spontandous Tata Browbet, bulldoze, bully, ‘encourage, indice irksome Tzesome, dion, difficult y esa, ey itinerant Wandering. nomadic Stationary, seed [Saundiced Bind, prjed, isms dismal | Unrded, nbied s [Jeopardize | Hazard endanger Secure, preserve [Jeopardy Danger, hazard, menace, peril sk eat |Defence, protection, safety sot Jovi, festive Miserable, dull [Bubsane Exultng. joing Despondent, despairing [udicious Dieriminatng, prodeat, welladvised _[Indisereet, imprudent Fume [Conglomeration, mess, muddle, farago, [Clear straightforward, sequential oer, confuse arrange [Savenie Youthful, young. Senile, old [Serisdiction | Auhoriy. dominion Fosbidiing, preventing IKinate Fie, ignite, inflame, light quench, sie, Darke, extinguish smother iKivnap Abduct, carry off Resor, bring back tty Har, inicte Smooth, easy simple [Aptiud, faculty, git Inepiude, incompetence_—————————————— any, ih, spl z Abundance sufficiency —3 Rejoice, approve ~ Restrained, economical _ ose ness lackness — Pighness, firmness a Myth abl, tai True story, fat reality Deadly, mortal taal Hares, enlivening ie Low, depressed, degraded, short lirative [Profitable paying Tapia sing = {Luminous [ght ight Dark, oboe Laney insanity, made Suny, men, soundness Later Brliance, bigness Dimes, pines carer Abundant, profs Sean, bare, ear Magnanimoas [Generous noble Uagenerous, mean Magnitude —]Sie, bul, langeness Smulles |Malesalen : Benevolent Kady | Matice [Charity, love Mali Pras, exlogize Minute, smal chin Conceal, suppress, iden, implicit, sce IMeager Pletal plump Melanetaly Gay, joyous |Metodious Unmelodios nels re Voluntary. generous 3 Dissolve, disentangle, Migrate Remain, satonary Migratory Sete, stationary pairsealous Normal, natural [iselancous” | Mined munged| ndividel, separ i Somow, disuess oy. como al sot, unhappy ter, contended joyous z ned ied Tnmeneae, excessive bon lwesome |Melodious, cheerful, stimulating, excvil ——JOutinary, normal Immoral, imperishable [Settled unchanging [Loyalty subordination[sia Pane perplex amine, enlighien iyi Fable, lege Fat, try sna Legendary, bul Act, hori ative Aboriginal: ndigenous atochonos, Alen, exo, egy mania endemic imported. Shuts [oud ray contd ier, neouded Fetario [Depraved, comp, vl, eins, Innocent, moa, plow Seow ay, ence, Rgsy eles Composed sed, ang, imperable iss) Accuray.preison Creesnes, indies Sotriow ] Well known, renowned oie (in Unknown, repube something bad) reputable [nagnory Tring. asigiiant importante amb TArsesteized, insensible, paalyeed, Lively activ, vigorous aware deadened Gpedient | Dut, good, weirbehaved Mischievous, abo Obs Fogle, obscurity Memory, remembrance [opus Absent-minded inattentive, abstracted: Exposed, harmful, hatefl, observant Tarn, humane, Fovable, Obnoxious tensive N Obscene iy, inde fe obscure Darken, dim, wane op -\ eS pain apart lobuse Stupid, dll a el oi JObsesed | Addie, aitve, ok | ip atu [ortcioss —_[Medlesome, mischievous, in now itring. acuns, FOnerous [Burdens laborious 2s, fing JOpporwaisie [Ambitious aspiring put indolent, zy timid eninvolved lOppress Crash aes relive, help [Optimise | Confident, pei engine Pessimisi, cal deans [oration Speech, addres Silence rife [Opening aperture ole Ending [Oncnations [Boss pretentious Reicen eseined Outragsou | Arocious, ol, daring. nso, | Timid, appropriate, commen, scandalous Aecorous polite Ouisanding Distinguished, dominant, foremost Mediocre, usual / peramount Overbearing | Arogan, dominesing, ugh, imperious ‘Overtare | Ofer invitation Paci Peaceful gene Palatable [Tay appetizing npalable,siles, itangible Tange intangiblePaley Lite, bepgarly Fine, great, sulicent Fatunomi Supreme, predominant, inporani, | Subordinate, inferior, ielevant, sential unimportant Pavsity iy, Tewness deiceny, adequate [Abundance mulinude, adequate, : licen Featence | Repenant remorse bstnacy,svbbormess Pensve | Thoughtful, sofa [active gay. tappy trerenniat [Eves perpewal | Temporary [Perseverance |Persisence.seatiness [Sane inconaney a a [Pitcous | Sad, sowowl, mournful oy, ceerat Plague nese dip Draw ou, ome out ‘Preamble Introduction, preface (Conclusion, ending Precarious | Risky, uncertain Safe, secre Precedence | Proiy, preference inferiority Preciptate | asten, expedite, impetus, impulsive | Dey tar, cata, pave Prelude Preven, ep lp, allow, pemit Predicate [Asse afi Deny, doubt Prefatory | lnoductry fey Contain, Fal Pregnant Full, ceri > Empiy, meaningless Prejuaieed [Biase Uabise, diners Prejudicial [Baneful, bis | Unbiased, objective Pretence Ailton, sh RUBT ASE Since reality Prey Victim, capture ‘Captor hunter Proclamation [Announcement ordinance silence Prodigal Extravagant Miser, economic Profi Usconscatd, inpios Sacred egos Profound | Deep, homies, exces sallow, bsruse Profuse Lavish prodigal Messer, saing Progen Descendant fF pring Anesors role Prodi, uta Uapredutve aren Prohibit Ban, dba, enjoin fd Endorse, permit allow Prone Inclined ronate Aver upright Prope Press, push, ove tins ge Disourage, pull sop Prescribe | Oula, denounce Pardon fergie Proseeute [Indie pursue [Abann, defend Peau Aches exemplar, deal, original [Copy, counterpart, duplicate 1 m1 essing, ily Improviden extravagant | dependent Provisional [Conditional contingent, tentative, ‘Conclusive, definite, permanent J28 Prudent judicious, eautous, prudent [Pangent Sharp stinking Mid ares cae Quack [Charatan, imposter Profesional, qualified [quash Annu ance Ratify, confirm, restore [Quel Calm, placate, subde Noi (Quench Extinguish, put out Ligh gt, aroune Radiance Briliany. luster Dallness, dimness Radical Fundamental, organi Superticial, ncomplete Ragged Tom, jagged Even ald Foray incursion, invasion, sorte Depress, descend, lower Random Casual, desultory. haphazard Formal, invariable orderly systema Rancid Tainted, sour Unainted, sweet Rational ntligent, reasonable rational, foolish Rebull Reprimand, rebuke Encourage, approve Recede Retice, withdraw. Tedvance, reat reciprocal | mutual, correlative ih, individual rekless rash, regardless cautious, prudent ret repair, renew, rened redeem uy back, recover Redundant | Exuberan, excessfen deficient Relingush and ab maintain yield [Remision | Abatement, relaxation nrease, augmentation Repudiate | Renounee, rest [Alow, admit Repugnant—|Distastefl offensive [Agrecable pleasant Repusive Abhorten, abominable, disgusting, Admirable alluring, amiable, charaing oatisome [Resolute Determined rm resolute, undecided [Respite Pause, cessation Continuance, pepe Restoration | Recover, reinstatement Desreton,with-holding Restraint Check, hindrance Freedom, frankness Retrospect [Review Prospect [Rev Publish, disclose [Conceal hide Revive Renew, animate Depress, eject Revolt Rebel, mutiny Loyal, bey. submit Risicuioas [Laughable absurd [Grave serious Righteousness —_[Uprighiness, goodness Ungodliness dishonesty robust Sung, hale, stout, hist, portly Thin, lean, weak agile Ruinows Dilapidated, harmful Whole, sound Rupture Breach, break Union, aiachment [Bose Rural, simple rode, clgwnish Urbane, plished =- Pious, reverent [Secrtegious —[Profan, impious Temporal world se, consecrated re ant, vl Sere a depressed, despondent, Foyous, blithe, cheerful, jubilant, lively [Unload disburden [ Sound, healthy, sensible, reasonable [Unsound, confused, unreasonable. \nsa Saucy de ee mre [Savory ie pe a Sarcastic ig cms unig i canplinenary, Narn dal Shame, ity, lan edit, praise Sania [Aner revs Asmeprie comende rane pale Seanty Insufficient, meager ‘Abundant, plentiful Seamer Sprinkle, disperse, diffuse, disseminate |Retan, hold, gather, unite Seepte Agnostic, atest, doubtr.unbeliever | Believer, bigot, religious, alot Seclusion Separation, withdrawal Publicity, union Secular Temporal, civil, ay, prof ly [Religious tera, prous Sedate alm, composed, 1b id_|Perurbed, agitated, light-hearted Seductive Alluring, enticing im Repelling, chill, dissuade [Semblance | Resemblance, lj Unlikeness| Sensual {Cama feshly[ said about you He was hit onthe head witha stone My pocket has ust been picked ‘Valuables must not be left ere. ‘Wood is used here as fel This can easily be repaired, Twenty people were killed in the explosion. |. The book willbe completed by the end of June. ‘Two of my best paintings have been stolen. The payment can be made by cheque or by money order. Allassignments must be completed before the vacations A hous is built of bricks and morta. ‘Our book is beng pained here in this press. These medicines should be taken with cae. ‘The best wines are ditiled in France. ‘The money may be paid in instalments. Everyone in theoflce has been interrogated, All banks wl be kept open tis Sunday You ae being wamed forthe lst ime. A college shouldbe opened het. Your fes could be paid by your uncle He has been coftacted cater als. Elections might be held next yea. ‘The wai was stopped andthe passengers were robbed between the two stations. This question willbe discussed tomorrow. ‘You will be expected here on Monday. (Cholera canbe spread by dirty water. ative in Passive Construction Lok atthe following sentences “They don’ use traciors everywhere “Tractors are not used everywhere. ‘One doesn't always admire a humble person. ‘A humble person is not always admired, Noone knows his address His address is not known o anyone. We can't consider this issue now. This issue eant be considered now. Noone has seen him since morning, He fas not been seen since morning. Nobody spoke any words ‘No words were spoken. ‘Nome liked the pla The play was not liked By anyon. ‘Noone has ever climbed this peak “This peak has never been climbed,Notice tha in all he passive construction the negative word mri pt between the ati the past putin sentences like ‘No one has seen him since morning, no one, self is Nex since it ine a as fo Be ote in he passive constuction, the negative i transferred (0 fn is placed between the auxiliary and the past participle. In sentence 6 the negative im the su, trae tothe new sbjet. In sentence 8 the negative in the subject is transferred (0 the ay fen. ever, whic bernes eer inthe pase contruction. ‘SELF-ASSESSMENT TEST 2 Change the following into the pabsive voice. 1, Noone willverknow the tut 2. ‘They coll not play the match due oad light 3. Wehave ntyetscen such foods before. 44. Noone has ever ase his wine before. Nobody as touched this box. 6 Noone casta vot inthis village 1. Passengers must not open the doors ofthe carige a ight. 3. Not many people attended the party 9. ‘The President did nt pardon him, 10, We should’t punish him fortis minor offence. ‘The truth will never be known. ‘The match could not be played due to bad light Such floods have never been seen before This wine as never been tasted before. This box has not been touched. No vote was castin this village. 1. The doors ofthe carriage must not be opened at night 8 Theparty was not attended by many people. 9. ie was not pardoned by the President. 10. He should not be punished fr this minor offence. Passive Constructions in Sentence with Two Subjects Look at the following sentence: Mr. Solomon teaches us English. (Active) + Weare taught English by Mr. Solomon. (Passive) ‘The sentence inthe ative voice has two objects, a direct object (Englis) and an indirect objec! “The indirect object is generally a personal object. As there are two objet, two passives are possible Ik ences yea tore be pie comtcon vl wes te wal Howe If te ents timpatz the det ojo we cold vy beget haa cea + English is taught (0) ws by Mr, Solomon sehena” SHLF-ASSESSMENT TEST 3 ge the flloning sentences Ino passe ang the personal abject asthe subject af the panne every month he authorities may award him a medal fr ‘You must tel the police the fll fc ofthe ease. “The Rahways allow every passenger forty kilograms of fee bageage They will sk you questions about curent ffs in he interview. ‘We should each hin lesson fr hs ude behaviour They gave cach one oFus ape. { \Wehave been alloted a rod each ‘The workers ae paid thee wages by the 7h of every month "haven't been given any present on my birthday. Tey havent been shown everyting He may be awarded a medal for his bravery. The police must be told the fll facts ofthe case "Every passenger is allowed forty kilograms of fee baggage by the Railways ‘You wll be asked question on current ffs in the interview. He shouldbe taught lesson for his rude behaviour. rena pen. f 2 3 ‘ 5 ‘ 1 * %. 10. Each one of us was ‘Passive constructions in Sentences with Object Complements Look a the following semences 1._| The principal chose him captain of the eam: Tie was chosen captain ofthe team 2._| The president has appointed him governor. Te has been appointed governor. 3,_| Th auboriies delved him unfit for the jb, He was declared unfit forthe ob, [7a Te court fond him innocent He was found innocent Notice that the senfenees on the eft contain only one object and therefore only one passive Bs Qn posse ere Insentence I for example, the object shim al captain ofthe team i an abject complement, "competes the meaning ofthe objec. When this sentence is turned ito passive the abject bevemncy the sajct but the complement does not change is plae. However since it now completes the meaning of the ow subject it becomes the subject complemen, "he object complement may be noun asin sentences 1 and 2 o an adjective asin sete 3 an Look at the Following sentences: They asked me 1 wai ‘+ He ordered him wo leave the room. ‘+The teacher made the boy write it again38 In these sentences the object complements are infinitive phrases. The passives same manner as shown earlier. ‘© Eas asked to wait. ‘© He was ordered t leave the room. ‘© The boy was made to write it again, Not that inactive voice the verb make takes the infinitive without to. But ro becomes necessary the passive form. formed in, ‘SELF-ASSESSMENT TEST 4 ‘Tum the following sentences into passive voice. This is a mixed exercise. Some sentences have objects and some have an object and an object complements. Where there are two objects give the pase, with the indirect object. 1. The principal has promised us a holiday. 2, ‘Thenews left her very unhappy. 3. ‘They found the building unsuitable for a school 4° People called him Hercules for his strength ‘Si He named the house Lake View. 6 They have offered me a job atthe bank. 7. Bo one has taught him English. & 9. ‘We showed them the new college building, ‘They will ak you very easy questions. 10. People crowned him king. 1. We have been promised a holiday by the principal. 2. She was left very unhappy by the news 3, The building was found unsuitable for a school 4. He was called Hercules for his strength. s. 6 1 “The house was named Lake View by him. T have been offered a job at the bank, 7. He hasn't been taught English 8. They were shown the new college building. 9. You will be asked very easy questions. 10, He was crowned king Passive Constructions in Sentences with Verb+ Preposition/ Adverb Particles Look atthe following sentences: Ty Tp rhe ind bo The Bind toy was lnghe at 2. [ We have ooed nto your ese Your as as een oe i '3._| We must look after our old parents properly. ‘Our old parents must be looked afier prope? 4,_| We must work for success. ‘Success must be worked for. | Someone an jet your sens ine tng | Your prescce inte mesing canto [We haven heard ofhim since Ma. Tie fas" Ben heard of since May. [They dit approw oft plan, The plan wasn't approved of |\CamScanner‘The verbs in the sentences on the let take a preposition afer them. When we turn them into passives the preposition stays with the verb +The blind boy was laughed at Now look at these sentences: ‘+The car ran over a dog. A dog was overrun by the eat, Grass grows aver the field. The Geld is ‘overgrown with grass. The army passed by the town. The town was bypassed the amy, "Note that each ofthese sentences has prepositional phrase, ra over, grows over, passed hy, which consists of a verb followed by a preposition, But in passive construction these prepositions change their place and are put before the verb and forma single word with them. Le, overrun, overgrown, Bypasved. In some sentences verbs take adverb particles instead of prepositions. Like the prepositions, the adverb particles too stay with the ver. T._ | They sent him hack Te was sent back 2. | The picture brought my childhood memories | My childhood memories were brought back by ack the piture, ‘SELF-ASSESSMENT TEST 5 ‘Turn the following into the passive voi |. The authorities have taken away his passport. Noone had ever dreamt of sucha tragedy. People sil believe in superstitions. They coulda’t object to your remarks inthe meeting. No one ever listens to words of advice, Someone has tampered with the telephone wires ‘No one has lived in this old palace for a hundred years. Her beautiful look took him in. We should take eare of old people. ‘We haven't thought of anything so far, ‘A committee will go into all the charges of corruption. ‘The guide pointed out the Lahore Castle to the tourists. People ought not to talk about scandals in public ‘You mustn't throw away old books. ‘You shouldn't hold back the truth, The embassy will dispose of old items by auction. You can’t depend upon his word, hey have seen through your trick ‘The wind blew out the candle ‘You must carry out my orders, “He shot atthe bear. CamScan40 ANSWERS. is paspor as os ken 28: Sock tagedy had never ben cant of 3 Soest til bled in 4 _Youremars inthe meting oud be objet EW of aie are never steed The tlephne wits have been tampered wih 4, Tcl pace as not ben ive in fora und ea 3 Hevas ken inby her Dea looks, 9 Oispeople shouldbe ken ae of. Noting has besn hgh of 0, Tillie hres of compton wl be gone int y commis {2 These Fr was pointed ou othe ours by the ule. Scandals ought not be take sbou inp Oi books mst not be own ava, “Tet shoul’ beheld back (i ies wl bedond of bye iis word an tb Speed Your ik fas ren sen a The cant was Blown ou be 1 My orders ust be carted out “The bear fs shot at by him YeoNe questions Look a theft lees: ‘ote sient understand everything about lie? Ts everything about life understood by scientist? ‘Did someone consult you about this? ‘Were you conslted about this? ‘Should we accep al ther demands? ‘Should al their demands be accepted? Can-anyone do this in time? ‘Gan this Be done in time? Will hey give mea promotion? ‘Shall be I given a promotion? r 2 x 4 5 6. Tas someone old you about your result? Have you besa told about your result? ‘Questions | and 2 use the helping verbs do and did. We could lem to tum these into passives sages. Do the scientists understand everything about ie? Stage 1. Tur the question into a statement: ‘+ Scientists understand everything about life? Stage 2. Make the statement passive: + Everything about life is understood by scientists. Stage 3. the font ofthe sentence, ‘ow tum the passive statement back into a question by bringing the auxiliary (is, Iere) #4+ Iseverything about life understood by scientist? Be + subject + past participle (+ prep.) Were you consulted about this? {Question 3,4 and S use modal auxii How to make passives with modal auxiliaries. ‘Should we accept all their demands? ‘Stage I: Statement ‘© We should accept all their demands, ‘Stage 2: Statement in passive. ‘© Allheir demands should be accepted, Stage 3: Question in passive ‘© Should all their demands be accepted? Sentence pattern for passive questo Mos auiiary + sibjest» be ph & Should all thei de Question 6 uses have as the aux Pattern for passive questions wit Have + subject + been + past pa Have you been told about your rest Question-word Questions Look atthe following sentences: (ote that do, does and did are not used to form questions in passive constructions. Sentence Patter in Yes-no questions in passives, Where did you find the purse? Where was the purse found? ‘When did they announce the results? When were the results announced? How can one tow an iceberg? How can an iceberg be towed? ‘Why has no one writen Books on this subject? ‘Why have no books been written on this subject? ‘What do people say about i? ‘Wit is sid about iby the people? ‘Who brought you here? By whom were you brought here? ‘Note that who in active voice changes into by whom inthe passive voce. ‘SELF-ASSESSMENT TEST 6 ange the following into passive. Can doctors cure all diseases? Did they ask you any questions? Do you sell railway tickets here? Don't you sell eggs by the dozen in this town? Do people here welcome tourists from abroad? “Must parents give so much fteedom to their children?a 1, Willthey admit you to the examination hall so late? 8 Has someone told you your result? 9, Oughin't we to punish him for this negligence? 10, Where did they drop the fist atom bomb? 11, What ean anyone doin sucha case? 12, Why does light attract insects? 13, Who built the Shalamar Bagt 14, When did they first use the atom bomb? 1, Canall diseases be cured? 2, Were you asked any questions? 3. Arerilway tickets sold here? 4, Aren't eggs sold by the dozen in tis 8, Are tourists from abroad welcomed hy 6 Must children be given so much fr 7. Will you be admitted to examinatc 8, Have you been told your result? 9. Oughtnt he tobe punished for this 10, Where was the firs atom bomb dropy 11, What can be done in such a case? 12, Why are insects attracted to light? ee 13, By whom was the Shalamar Bagh built? 14, When was the first atom bomb used? Infinitives in Passive Constructions Look at the following sentences: T want them 10 help you. want you 10 be helped. ‘The Government expects us 10 raise nds ‘The Government expects funds to be raised by us. “The kings expected ther courtiers fo praise them._| The kings expected (0 be praised by their courtiers. Politicians like people fo later them. Politicians like robe flared by the people T would like someone (0 inform me about it. would lke 10 be informed about it by someone. “The doctor is going 10 examine you thoroughly, | You are going to be thoroughly examined. T would prefer hin 10 teach me. would prefer to be taught by him. “The italicised words in the sentenees on the left ae all infinitive phrases. Their passive form given in sentences on the right Examine the first sentence +L want them 0 felp you ‘Here 1 help you is the infinitive phrase, *You" isthe object ofthe infinitive to help and ‘them’ i subject. In passive “by-objct is unnecessary here. om The complete sentence is ‘+ Lvant you tobe helped.Participle in Passive Constructions Look at these sentences, a Taw him opening the bo. Taw the box Being opened by bi ‘We bead er singing sng, We heard a song being sung by ber participle, the bow i Some 285 abject and her a is subject. Imperatives in Passive Constructions. Look atthe following sentences: Shut the door. ere the present participle turned into is pasive form. Inthe Fist sentence pening isthe present object and him its subject. Inthe second the present participle singing wih a Lette door be shut Release these en ‘Let these men be released. Reopen is case Let his case be reopened, ease donate generously. ‘You are requested to donate generously Dent adit him othe club Let him not be admiied othe cb, Let them doit now. Letitbe done now. ‘Note that all imperatives except requests use erin passive constructions. Pease Becomes jou are requested 10 in passive. ‘Some Other Passive Constructions ‘Look atthe following sentences ‘Tauris known be he pang der wage ay 2 Passives with Verbs Denoting a State Look at hese sentences. This jug contains wate. Water is contained inthis jug He annoyed me gael. Twas greatly annoyed with bi Plays do no interest me. Tam not interested in plays is performance surprised his father. is futher was surprised at his performance. My work satisfied the bos ‘The boss was satisfied with my work ——————————MENT TEST 7 Change the following sentences into the passive voice, 1, Herder them to bring it immediately SELF-AS 2, The govemment wants us fo follow all these instructions. 3, The police is going to search them thoroughly. 4. Weexpect them to complete the project by next year 8, We want you to admit the patient o the hospital 6. Wesaw the students buming a bus 7. Ldida’t see him taking bribe 8 Did you see them taking him to the hospital? 9. Show them in, 10. Don't give this prize to anyone. 1 Finish this jab in a week's time, 12, Please stand ina queue. 13, People say that he has left the country. 14, Everyone knows that he is innocent 18, People think that all snakes are poisonous. He ordered it tobe brought immediatly ‘The governments want al these instruction tobe flowed. ‘They are going tobe thoroughly searched, ff ‘We saw a bus being burt by erneyeere 3 g = zg El 10. Ls pire abe ven oan I, Let this job be 12, You ate requested to stand in a queue, 13, Itis suid that he has left the county. (Or He is said to have left the country. 14, Iris known that he is innocent Or Hie is known to be innocent. 15, Itis though that all snakes ate pois shed ina week's Or All snakes are thought to be poisonous,DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH ‘The words ofa speaker can be reported in two ways. We may quote the actual words used hy him or swe may report his specch in the form of narrative. The former i called the direct speech, and the later [known asthe inditet speech. It canbe illustrated by an example, # Saeed said, "lke mangoes." (Direct Speech) ‘© Saced said that he liked mangoes. (Indirect speech) ‘The words that are not enclosed within inverted commas are called the reporting speech and the words that are enclosed within the inverted commas ate called the reported speech. In the above example “Saced said” ithe reporting speech, and I like mangoes’ is the reported speech. The frst word of the reported speech is writen with a capital eter. When we change the direct speech into the indirect speech ‘we remove the comma and inverted commas and in most cases place a suitable conjunction between the reporting speech andthe reported speech. When we change the direct speech into the indirect speech, the reporting verb is changed according tothe tense ofthe reported speech. Indirect Speech The conversion of direct statemy cet is 8 constant though unconscious daily to reporting, by word of mouth, things that have been said to us by other phat pther sends her child to a shop for certain groceries, The child tll the grocer fi shop-man says, “I am sorry that we have ot any ginger-nut biscuits in stocl Gf. Tell your mother that I will send her a pound of them, as son as they art home does not quote the actual words of says that he is sorry, But he has ot any ‘inget-nuts in stock; dey will be into & say that he would send you a pound of them as soon as they arrived.” “The student can se for himself the changes that have introduced bythe reporter, that i o sy, the hil, who has never leamed any rules on the subject of indirect speech, but just model is speech on what ithas heard other people say. Ina similar way, all of us, quite mechanically and, pethaps, many times in the day, ater the dreet words ofa speaker when we quote his remarks to ther peopl. Ofcourse we can use the speaker's very words, if we wish odo so The child might have gone home and spoken as follows: Mr ara sid “Tam srry we have not any..." Yet, oddly enough, it appears tha, when students are set the task of puting a piece of direct -specch into inditet statement, they usually seem to imagine that they are performing some new and come tune when she gets well.” ‘he wurst said othe stranger, "Can you tell me which s the best hotel ete with wanker ames 1am sort.” replied the stranger, “Ihave no idea. Lam also new to dis place ‘had « wonderful holiday at my aunt's house." said Saba ‘Where does your aunt live?” asked Sara “5, tHe sand to his yuest, “Thank you very much for your hind vist U was eagerly hua a lovely time together. When will you come again” “Is there any leer for me” e asked the po “Yes, there is one," replied the postinases Thank you, boys” said the headmaster,"You may go home now, Come here tomorrow vening at seven sharp. The national flag willbe unfurled at seven tty.”54 8, “Tam certain, I will sueceed in my plan,” he said to his mother. 9, "Your majesty”, he said, “I have come to try my luck." “If you succeed, you will certainly get te retard. Ifyou fil. You will be imprisoned,” said the Emperor. 10. Jami said, “A Choudrey's honour is more than life. 1 will not ask for peace. Let us fight and if dexg ‘comes tus, we shall die like heroes. He asked his friend whether he would accompany him to the market. His friend replied in the nevatiy, saying that he could not accompany him as he was expecting some guests that day. A The teacher asked Saeed why he had come late to school. Saeed replied respectfully that hiv mothe was ailing and there was no one to look after her. He promised to come on time when she got well, 4. The tourist asked the stranger if he could tell him which was the best hotel there with moden amenities. The stranger answered apologetically that he had no idea as he himself was also nex to that place: ‘Saba told Saira that she had a wonderful holiday at her aunt's house. Saira asked her where her au them that he had been waiting eagerly for them. Ht | asked when they would come again. letter for him. The postmaster replied in te LS) nih go hme hen He reminded them to com Beaty flag would be hoisted at seven thy. span sd ol he to give him her good wishes ax ‘The headmaster thanked there the next day inthe He assured his mother that allow him to go. ‘Addressing the Emperor with reverence, he told him that he had come to ty his luck. The Emper@ told him that if he succeeded, he would certainly get the reward and wamed him that if he failed, ‘would be imprisoned. (0. Jamil told him that a Choudrey values honour more than life; therefore, he would not ask for peat He proposed to him that they should fight and if death came to them, they would die like heroes.PREPOSITIONS. Correct Use of Prepositions in Sentences Exemplified see Beesen n, n B w 5 1. Vn. 1% 1. 2. 2. 23. 24, 2s. 26. 27, 28. | acquit you ofall complicity inthe crime, and hope you willbe compensated for the annoyance entailed upon you by the groundless imputation. 1 was horrified athe sight of so much distress. e didnot die of cholera but rom eects of overexposure othe sun a an unhealthy time ofthe yer. ‘This shopkeeper deals in grain, but he did not deal honestly with me and I shall have wo more ealngs with hm in furure ‘You will have to answer ome for your misconduct. Forty students competed with one another fora single scholarship. [must consult with you on that matter shortly. Do not exult offensively i the victory you have won over your rivals, eis not postessed of much wisdom but poss Always be prepared fr the worst. That motive prevails with me. We mast provide for our children agains ‘Some men remain stick o their point. Why do you stare me inthe face? Its bad manners To are atone in that manner ‘The ship touched a Gibraltar. She touched upon the subject of tides. He supplied money othe men; and they supplied his horses with provender ‘He could smile a ther teas, fr fortune continued to smile on him. They proceeded with the business that they had commenced yesterday, befor they proceeded 10 the consideration of any new questions. Do rot live for riches, but whatever you live for, live by honest labour; and if you have to live om a smal income, live within your means. He is labouring under a misapprehension, bu he thinks he is labouring on a good cause and forthe public welfare ‘He once laid me under an obligation, and therefor, 1am very unviling to lay the blame ofthis affair is charge. He not only intruded into my house but pon my leisure, for I was engaged at that time in reading an interesting book. The ralways intersect with each other a this pace. Let me intercede with you for my frien. | enquire of him concerning that mate.2. M n 56 es messes th that notion and he desies to impress tom me The iver to which | went wth my brother abounds im fish; wo 10k a boat and rowed across ty stream 10 the ppt bank He promise to abide by the coneact, and they tlie om his honou for its ftfilment. But they wey Aisappointed of thet hopes, an four hey oul neve trust thei work to him again He ives at small cox, ant he does so by abstaining from every kind of luxury and accustomning Iselt humble fate sch a8 suitable oa person of small income. The person who stool Aefore the juige yesterday was accused of throwing a stone at ty reiphbour's winslow, hut nothing mote came of the matter, and he was acquited of the charg mutes 1 ham ‘man of honour will adhere to his convictions, and act from a sense of duty even if men rail thi tnt tk him weak of understanding and wanting in common sense, ‘The intentions of that man admit of no doubt; we must agree fo his terms, whether we approve g ‘hem or not, and there is no reason tobe anxious abour the result Aim ar doing your duty a al sks, and do not be uneasy in mind about the consequences, He was rach alarmed ar what he had just heard; and alluded tit as son a8 he arrived a my how and alighted from his carriage. ‘The ship stopped litle way ofthe shore and an experienced man was at once appointed 10 the pox ‘of pilot for bringing he ato port. We had a great affection for his his studies. (One man complained 10th about some debt; infact, When you attend school, Surely there was no just He took advantage of my had no taste fr hard work and was not attentive x ‘Aman is adapted for any occuptag Whit wap i is apace. 1 aim annoyed with him fr saying that, and Fart not easily annoyed at rifles. Whatever you decide on slick ian do your best under dificult 1 understand from all | hear that, though he despais of suoces, nothing will deter him from bi purpose [tr wth you atthe enact point in which ds flr fom wolves in shape or kind. But there ism citetence of apn a thet conarative rene. Ie 1s so weak that all food disapees with him, Care aust be taken that he does not die jrom He was deprived of hat very ch he dighed mst 1 depended on his coming at four o'clock; but worwithstanding al the hopes U had formed be svat from his purpose addi othng to defen me from insti 1 doappnove of your way of working, and mus, there, dispense with your services. ui ight rom darkness. Death doesnot distinguish Aepeen the rich and ‘Alida cat dist the poor 1 can divide this apple berwven two petsons, but itis to stall 10 be divided among forty; for i cannot be divided int forty pars