Preface

I am immensely happy to know that Haryana Police is organizing

Inter School Road Safety Quiz Competition for enhancing awareness about
traffic laws, road regulations and driving skills. The school children are
excellent teachers and they have the capacity to influence their parents
and near and dear ones to follow traffic rules. It is therefore the need of
the hour to target children to spread the message of road safety.
Lack of driving sense and perpetual disobedience of traffic rules
has made out roads extremely unsafe. It does not come as a surprise
that most of the drivers of motor vehicles, pedestrians, cyclists and even
the traffic police personnel managing and controlling traffic on the roads
are not fully aware of traffic rules and regulations. Lack of awareness
about the concept of safe or defensive driving coupled with poor
enforcement of rules of the road have resulted in chaotic driving
conditions on Indian roads. More than, 1,40,000 persons die in
accidents on Indian roads every year Gravity of the situation can be
gauged from the fact that India has 1% of the World’s vehicles and
10% of the road accidents.

Lack of driving skills is the single most important cause of traffic

accidents in the country. With increasing population and rising economic
prosperity, lakhs of new drivers are added to our roads every year.
The situation on road safety front will not improve unless the
prospective drivers are imparted proper training in driving. One of the
very important steps to bring some discipline on the road and prevent
accidents is to offer quality driver training and implement an effective
licensing system. This driving manual is a step in the right direction in
that context and will go a long way in helping improve the driving
skills of our people.

I congratulate Shri Shatrujeet kapur, IPS, Additional Director

General of Police for organizing Inter School Road Safety Quiz
Competition to inculcate a culture of Road Safety in the young minds. This
effort will go a long way in inculcating good driving sense among the
prospective young drivers.

I wish them all the best.

Director General of Police

Haryana
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

1- INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………………………………………… 4
1-1- ROAD ACCIDENTS –SOME FACTS …………………………………………… 4
1-2- REASONS OF ROAD ACCIDENTS …………………………………………… 4
1-3- OBJECTIVES OF THE TRAFFIC QUIZ COMPETITION …………… 4
2- THE DRIVING LICENSE ……………………………………………………………………… 6
2-1- AGE ELIGIBILITY ……………………………………………………………………… 6
2-2- TYPE OF DRIVING LICENSE …………………………………………………… 6
2-3- CATEGORIES OF DRIVING LICENSE ……………………………………… 8
3- KNOW YOUR VEHICLE …………………………………………………………………… 10
3-1- STEERING WHEEL ………………………………………………………………… 10
3-2- HORN …………………………………………………………………………………… 11
3-3- LICENSE PLATE …………………………………………………………………… 12
3-4- SILENCER .…………………………………………………………………………… 12
3-5- WINDSCREEN AND WINDOWS …………………………………………… 12
3-6- REFLECTORS ………………………………………………………………………… 13
3-7- USE OF RED, WHITE, BLUE LIGHTS OR STOP LIGHTS ………… 13
3-8- SEATBELTS AND AIRBAGS …………………………………………………… 14
3-9- POLLUTION CONTROL …………………………………………………………… 14
3-10- CHECK YOUR VEHICLE …………………………………………………………… 14
4- TRAFFIC SIGNS, SIGNALS AND ROAD MARKING …………………………… 16
4-1- SIGNS …………………………………………………………………………………… 16
4-2- SIGNALS (TRAFFIC LIGHTS) ………………………………………………… 24
4-3- TRAFFIC POLICE HAND SIGNALS ………………………………………… 26
4-4- ROAD MARKING ……………………………………………………………………… 27
5- BASICS OF DRIVING ………………………………………………………………………… 34
5-1- QUALITIES OF A GOOD DRIVER …………………………………………… 34
5-2- GUIDING RULES OF A SAFE DRIVING ………………………………… 34
5-3- CUTTING CORNERS ……………………………………………………………… 38
5-4- COURTESY ON THE ROADS ………………………………………………… 39
5-5- TIPS FOR SAFE DRIVING ……………………………………………………… 40
6- SHARING THE ROAD ………………………………………………………………………… 43
6-1- KEEPING LEFT ………………………………………………………………………… 43
6-2- CHANGING LINES ………………………………………………………………… 43
6-3- TURNING ……………………………………………………………………………… 44
6-4- OVERTAKING ………………………………………………………………………… 47
6-5- ROUNDABOUTS ……………………………………………………………………… 48
7- DRIVING OFFENSES AND PENALTIES ……………………………………………… 50
7-1- DRUNKEN DRIVING ……………………………………………………………… 50
7-2- OVER SPEEDING …………………………………………………………………… 50
7-3- DRIVING DANGEROUSLY ……………………………………………………… 50

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 7-4- USE OF HELMETS …………………………………………………………………… 51
7-5- USE OF MOBILE PHONES AND CELLPHONES ……………………… 51
7-6- SMOKING WHILE DRIVING …………………………………………………… 51
7-7- RACING OR TRAIL OF SPEED ………………………………………………… 51
7-8- USING VEHICLES WITHOUT REGISTRATION OF INSURANCE…… 51
7-9- OBSTRUCTION TO FREE FLOW OF TRAFFIC ………………………… 52
7-10- EMERGENCY VEHICLES ………………………………………………………… 52
7-11- DUTY OF A DRIVER IN CASE OF AN ACCIDENT …………………… 52
8- DIRECTIONS FOR SCHOOL STUDENTS ………………………………………… 54
8-1- GOING TO SCHOOL ON FOOT ……………………………………..……… 54
8-2- GOING TO SCHOOL IN SCHOOL BUS …………………………………… 54
9- IMPORTANT DATES ………………………………………………………………………… 55

3
 1.INTRODUCTION
Driving a motor vehicle is not a right. Rather, it is a privilege and this
privilege comes with many responsibilities. In order to enjoy the
privilege of driving, it is important that you should know what laws,
rules and regulations exist for safe driving and must follow them at all
times. As the driver of a vehicle, your aim should be to make driving
a safe and enjoyable experience for yourself, for the passengers in
your vehicle, as well as for other drivers sharing the road.

Driving is a complex task and complicated situations can arise at any

point of time. How you react to such situations depends upon your
training, alertness and your attitude while driving.

1.1. Road Accidents – Some Facts

1. Every year 13 lakh people die in road accidents.

2. 90% of road accidents belong to developing countries.

3. Road accident is the main cause of deaths in youths.

4. Road accidents increases economical burden on hospitals and health

services.

5. Road accidents are increasing at a rate of 5% every year.

6. India is No. 1 in deaths due to road accidents.

7. In India, 15 people die every hour in road accidents.

8. 70% victims of road accidents belong to 30 to 59 year age group.

1.2. Road Accidents – Some Facts

Careless attitude of drivers is the main reason for road accidents. Other
reasons are like, drunken driving, fast driving, impatience, use of mobile
while driving, disobedience of traffic rules, overloading of vehicles and
conditions of roads.

1.3. Objectives of the Traffic Quiz Competition

Due to sharp increase in road accidents, road safety education has become
a necessity. The main objectives of the ‘Traffic Quiz Competition’ are –
1. To sow the seeds of road safety in the mind of young ones from
childhood.

4
2. To increase awareness in whole society about traffic rules and
regulations. Every child will play an important role for achieving our
goal of road safety.
3. To ensure safe, smooth and secure flow of traffic.

5
 2.THE DRIVING LICENSE
As per Section 3(1) of the Motor Vehicles Act 1988, an effective driving
license is required to drive any motor vehicle on public roads. No person
is permitted to drive a vehicle in any public place unless he or she holds a
valid driving licence issued to him (or her) authorising him (or her) to
drive the category of vehicle for which the licence was issued.

Driving licence is issued by the local licensing authority. Each Sub-

Divisional Officer (Civil) in the state of Haryana has been designated as
the licensing authority for a motor vehicle other than a transport
vehicle or an omnibus within the area of his or her jurisdiction. In
other words, SDMs issue driving licences for light motor vehicles and toe
wheelers. For transport vehicles, the Regional Transport Officer and
Assistant District Transport Officer, or any other person as appointed by
the State Government is the licensing authority to issue licenses to
persons residing within their area of jurisdiction.

2.1. Age Eligibility

A person cannot be issued a driving licence unless he (or she) meets the
age criterion for the class of vehicle for which he (or she) applies for a
licence. Following is the age eligibility criterion for driving a motor vehicle
in India.

16 years – For motor cycles with engine capacity not exceeding

50cc.

20 years – For transport vehicles (public service vehicles, goods

carriages, educational institution bus or a private service
vehicle) that are used for hire or reward, or for
transporting goods.

18 years – Any other vehicle.

Moreover, it is the responsibility of the owner or person in charge of the

vehicle to not permit any person who does not have a valid licence or
does not satisfy the age requirements, to drive the vehicle. If he do so
then he is doing an offence under section 180 of motor vehicle act, for this
there if proving of 3 months jail or Rs. 1000/_ or both.

2.2. Types of Driving Licenses

Following types of licenses are issued by the licensing authority in India.

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 Learner's licence

Every new driver must acquire a learner's license for learning to

drive a motor vehicle of the class for which learner’s licence is
intended. Learner's licence is issued after passing a preliminary test
and is valid for six months from the date it is issued.

A person holding a learner's license is allowed to drive while

receiving instructions or for gaining experience in driving provided
he or she is accompanied by an instructor holding an effective
driving license for that category of the vehicle and the instructor is
sitting in such a position to control or stop the vehicle, if needed.

The vehicle driven by a person holding

learner's license must also have 'L' sign
( s e e D i a g r a m 1 ) displayed (painted
or attached) on the vehicle in the front
and the rear, in red on a white
background. The dimensions of the
letter ‘L’ must be at least ten
centimetres in height, two centimetres
in thickness, and nine centimetres in
width at the bottom.
Diagram 1
 Driving Licence

Driving licence is issued to eligible persons, Indian citizens or foreign

nationals, allowing them to drive a motor vehicle in India. The
holder of the driving license is permitted to drive a vehicle of the
class as mentioned on his or her driving license. The driving
licence is valid in any part of India. Applicant is eligible to apply for
the driving licence after thirty days from the date of issue of the
learner’s license but before the expiry of the learner’s licence.

Driving licence for vehicles other than transport vehicles is issued

for a period of twenty years from the date of issue, or until the date
on which the person being issued the licence attains the age of fifty
years, whichever is earlier. For a person who has attained the age
of fifty years on or before the date of issue of licence, the licence is
issued for a period of five years from the date of issue or renewal.

License for transport vehicles is issued or renewed for a period of

three years. However, the licence is issued or renewed for a period
of one year only in case the licence is to drive a transport vehicle
carrying goods of dangerous or hazardous nature.

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  International Driving Permit (IDP)
The licensing authority is also competent to issue International
Driving Permit to Indian nationals to drive vehicles in countries
other than India but excluding the countries with which there are no
diplomatic relations. However, driving a motor vehicle in another
country must be in compliance with the laws and regulations of that
country. IDP is valid for a period of not more than one year from
the date of issue or till the validity of the driving licence, whichever is
earlier.

2.3. Categories of Driving Licences

The driving licences in India are issued for some broad classes of vehicles.
Moreover, a driving licence is issued under a specific category – Non-
Transport, or Transport - for every class of vehicle based on the purpose of
use.

Different classes of vehicles for which licences are issued are:

 Motorcycle Without Gears

A licence for Motorcycle Without Gears class of vehicles is issued for
driving only two-wheelers without gears. A person holding such a
licence cannot drive a two-wheeler with gears or a vehicle which does
not fall in the class of a motorcycle. (no categories for Transport and
non-transport2 wheelers??)
 Motorcycle With Gears

Licence for Motorcycle With Gears is issued for driving only two-
wheelers like motorcycle, scooter etc. A person with a Motorcycle
with Gears licence can drive any two-wheeler with or without gears
but cannot drive a vehicle that does not fall in the class of a
motorcycle. (no categories for Transport and non-transport2
wheelers??)
• Light Motor Vehicle
The licence for the Light Motor Vehicle class of vehicles is issued for
driving motor vehicles like motor car, jeep, tractor, tempo etc. A
licence for a Light Motor Vehicle is further restricted based on the
purpose of use and the type of vehicle.
• Transport Vehicle
Transport Vehicles heavy include vehicles like trucks, buses, tourist
coaches, tractor trailers, goods vehicles etc. Such vehicles are either
passenger vehicles used for hire or reward, or goods vehicles. A
separate driving licence is required to drive this class of vehicles.
8
 Invalid Carriage

This is a class of motor vehicles which are specially designed and

constructed, and not merely adapted, for the use of a person
suffering from some physical defect or disability, and used solely by or
for such a person.

 Road Roller

This is a special class of vehicles which are used for the construction
of roads or compacting purpose.

 Motor Vehicle of a Specified Description

A licence can also be issued to entitle the holder to drive a motor

vehicle of a specified description. Some example of this class of
vehicles are loaders and excavators, cranes, fork-lifts, boring rigs,
and other construction equipment.

9
 3. KNOW YOUR VEHICLE
It is important to know your vehicle thoroughly. You should be aware of
the controls, safety features, indicators, various lights and alarms fitted
in your vehicle as shown in the diagram 2. Read the vehicle’s user guide
and get yourself familiar with various functions and warning indications.
Regularly check the lights, horn, brakes, tyres and other controls to make
sure they are in working condition.

Diagram 2

3.1. Steering Wheel

Steering wheel, sometimes also called driving wheel, is part of the steering
system that allows the driver to control the steering of the vehicle.
The correct way of holding the steering wheel, as far as possible, is with
both the hands at “Quarter to three” or “ten to two” positions as shown in
the diagram 3 below. You should hold the steering wheel at all times and
never leave it unattended. Further, you should never cross hands while
rotating the steering wheel. Also, never operate any vehicle control by
inserting your hand through the steering wheel. Some examples of incorrect
maneuvering of the steering wheel are given below (see Diagrams 4-8).

10
 Diagram 3 Diagram 4

Diagram 5 Diagram 6

Diagram 7 Diagram 8

3.2. Horn
Every vehicle must be fitted with a working horn to provide sufficie nt
audible warning of the approach or location of the vehicle. Bells and
sirens are NOT horns. Use your horn only when necessary to avoid
a crash. Also, no vehicle other than emergency vehicles such as
ambulance, fire engines, police vehicles or as approved by the
registering authority shall be fitted with multi-toned horn that gives a
succession of different sounds or produces an unduly harsh, shrill,
loud or alarming noise.Please note that the use of horn is also
governed by environmental regulations. As a general rule, you should
not:

11
  needlessly and continuously blow horn or more than necessary to
ensure safety,

 blow horn in silence zone,

 make use of a cut-out by which exhaust gases are released other

than through the silencer,

 fit or use any multi-toned horn giving a harsh, shrill, loud or

alarming noise,

 drive a vehicle creating undue noise when in motion,

 drive a vehicle using a muffler (silencer) causing alarming noise.

3.3. Licence Plate

A registration mark (also known as licence or number plate) must be
displayed clearly and legibly both at the front and at the rear of all
motor vehicles. A white light bulb or rear lamp must properly illuminate
the entire registration mark area.

The letters of the registration mark must be in English and numbers in

Arabic numerals in black colour on yellow background for transport
vehicles and in all other cases, in black colour on white background.
Nothing else should be written, displayed or painted on the licence plate
other than the registration number.

3.4. Silencer
All motor vehicles must be fitted with silencers that reduce the noise from
the escaping exhaust gases as far as practicable. Check the silencers
regularly for any leaks.

3.5. Windscreen and Windows

Front windscreen of every motor vehicle must be made of laminated
safety glass and the side windows and the rear window must be made of
safety glass. These types of glasses prevent pieces from flying in the event
of cracking or breaking of the window glass.

Ensure that your view through the windscreen and rear window (through
the inside rear view mirror) is not obstructed by cracks, dirt, steam,
water, ice or other objects placed or suspended between the driver and
the windscreen.

12
In addition, as per Rule 100(2) of the Central Motor Vehicles Rules, 1989,
the glass of the windscreen and the rear window of every motor vehicle
must be maintained such that the visual transmission of light (VTL) is not
less than 70%. For the side windows, the visual transmission of light must
not be less than 50%. The Hon’ble Supreme court has banned the use of
black film of any kind and of any VTL percentage on the windscreens or on
the side windows of the vehicles and made the same an offence.

3.6. Reflectors
Every motor vehicle other than motor cycles and three-wheelers must be
fitted with two red reflectors, one each on both sides at the rear. Motor
cycles must be fitted with at least one red reflex reflector at the rear.

3.7. Use of Red, White, Blue Lights or Spotlights

The use of blue light, red light, flashing light, and strobe lamps is restricted
by law for vehicles that serve specific purpose. No motor vehicle must
show a red light to the front and no light other than red in the rear of the
vehicle except for a white light to illuminate the registration mark, a white
light used while reversing the vehicle, or amber coloured directional indicator
lights.

Use of red, blue, white or flashing lights is restricted to:

 a blinker type red light with purple glass for ambulances,

 a blue light with flasher as determined and notified by the State

Government,

 a red light with or without a flasher on the vehicles carrying high

dignitaries as notified by the Central or State Government.

 a blue light with or without flasher on vehicles escorting high

dignitaries,

 multi-coloured red, blue, or white lights on vehicles used for

emergency purposes as notified by the State Government,

 light on vehicles used by the officers of the police department,

 blue lights on fire tenders, fire trucks, or other emergency vehicles.

Furthermore, vehicles cannot carry a spot light or search light on the front
except in exceptional conditions as approved by the registering authority.

13
 3.8. Seatbelts and Airbags
A seatbelts is an important device which can prevent injury or death in
case of an accident.

It is very important to wear the seatbelts properly. Always put the

shoulder strap over your shoulder, never under your arm. The lap-belt
should be put low over the hips, not over the stomach.

Airbags are the supplemental devices to help prevent serious bodily injury or
death. You must wear a seatbelt even if your vehicle is equipped with
airbags. Airbags are helpful in preventing injury only when a seatbelt is
worn. In fact, if you are not wearing a seatbelt, airbags can cause bodily
injury.

3.9. Pollution Control

Every motor vehicle must carry a “Pollution Under Control” certificate
which is valid for six months. The new motor vehicles must be re-certified
for “Pollution Under Control” after the expiry of one year from the date of
first registration.

3.10. Check Your Vehicle

Quickly check your vehicle daily before you begin driving for the
following:

 Windscreen and windows for any cracks.

 Windscreen wipers are in good condition.

 Look for proof of water or oil under the vehicle that might indicate a
leak.

 Check for wear and tear of tyres and proper tyre pressure.

 Make sure the gauges are working properly.

 All lamps and lights are working properly especially during night.

 Licence plates are intact and registration mark on them is properly

visible.

 Mirrors are clean and adjusted properly.

 “Pollution Under Control” certificate is valid.

It is also a good practice to regularly do the following, especially

14
before going on a long trip:

 Check that the battery is in good condition and the connections are
proper.

 Check that the engine oil, engine coolant, brake oil and windscreen
wiper fluid levels are above the minimum level as specified.

 Check that the lights including headlights (high beam and dipped
beam) and stop/brake lights are working properly.

 Check for any leaks in the exhaust system.

 Keep a spare tyre that is in good condition.

 Keep a first aid kit, a flashlight, tools needed to replace a tyre and if
possible, a portable fire extinguisher.

15
 4. TRAFFIC SIGNS, SIGNALS AND ROAD MARKINGS
Traffic signs, signals and markings on the roads and pavements are meant to
provide clear guidance to help the drivers drive safely, regulate traffic, cautioning the
drivers of dangers ahead, and informing the drivers of facilities available en-route.
They convey a clear, visual and precise meaning in a simple form. Every
prospective driver, therefore, must know all road signs, signals and markings found
on the public roads and highways and follow them at all times.

4.1 Signs
Road signs are published by Indian Road Congress (IRC) and use symbols and
pictures. These are uniformly followed across the country. They are shape and
color coded to give you a quick idea about what the sign says even before you are
close enough to read it. Road signs are of three types:

 Mandatory Signs
 Cautionary Signs
 Informatory Signs
Mandatory Signs
These signs are mandatory and must be followed at all times. Mandatory signs
are circular, except the ‘Stop’ sign and the ‘Give Way’ sign. Mandatory signs are
reproduced below for your quick reference.

STOP SIGN

This sign is used on roadways where traffic is required

to stop before entering a major road or
intersection.

GIVE WAY SIGN

You must give way to the other traffic having the

right-of-way.

NO ENTRY

This sign is located at places where the entry of all

vehicles in prohibited.

16
 STRAIGHT PROHIBITED OR NO ENTRY

This sign is located at places where the vehicles are

not allowed to enter or go straight.

ONE WAY SIGN

Vehicles prohibited in one direction. Indicates that

traffic going forward is prohibited.

ONE WAY SIGN

Vehicles prohibited in one direction. Indicates that

traffic going in the other direction is prohibited.

VEHICLES PROHIBITED IN BOTH DIRECTIONS

This sign is used where entry to all types of vehicular

traffic is prohibited.

ALL MOTOR VEHICLES TRUCKS PROHIBITED BULLOCK CARTS AND

PROHIBITED HAND CARTS PROHIBITED

BULLOCK CARTS TONGAS PROHIBITED HAND CARTS

PROHIBITED PROHIBITED

17
CYCLES PROHIBITED PEDESTRIANS RIGHT TURN
PROHIBITED PROHIBITED

LEFT TURN PROHIBED U-TURN PROHIBITED OVER TAKING

PROHIBITED

HORN PROHIBITED NO PARKING NO STOPING OR

STANDING

SPEED LIMIT WIDTH LIMIT HEIGHT LIMIT

LENGTH LIMIT LOAD LIMIT AXLE LOAD LIMIT

18
 RESTRICTION ENDS COMPULSORY TURN COMPULSORY AHEAD
LEFT ONLY

COMPULSORY TURN COMPULSORY AHEAD COMPULSORY AHEAD

RIGHT OR TURN RIGHT OR TURN LEFT

COMPULSORY KEEP COMPULSORY CYCLE COMPULSORY SOUND

LEFT TRACK HORN

Cautionary Signs

Cautionary signs are meant to warn the drivers about the hazardous or
abnormal conditions lying ahead. These signs are triangular in shape. The
following cautionary sings are included in the motor vehicle act, 1988:

RIGHT HAND CURVE LEFT HAND CURVE RIGHT HAIR PIN BEND

19
LEFT HAIR PIN BEND RIGHT REVERSE BEND LEFT REVERSE BEND

STEEP ASCENT STEEP DESCENT NARROW BRIDGE

ROAD WIDENS AHEAD NARROW ROAD AHEAD SLIPPERY ROAD

LOOSE GRAVEL PEDESTRIAN CROSSING CYCLE CROSSING

SCHOOL AHEAD MEN AT WORK CATTLE

20
 FALLING ROCKS FERRY CROSS ROAD

GAP IN MEDIAN SIDE ROAD RIGHT SIDE ROAD LEFT

Y-INTERSECTION Y-INTERSECTION Y-INTERSECTION

STAGGERED STAGGERED
T-INTERSECTION
INTERSECTION INTERSECTION

MAJOR ROAD AHEAD MAJOR ROAD AHEAD ROUND ABOUT

21
 RUMBLE STRIP HUMP OR ROUGH
DANGEROUS DIP
ROAD

SPEED BREAKER BARRIER AHEAD SERIES OF BENDS

QUAYSIDE OR RIVER START OF DUAL END OF DUAL

BANK CARRIAGEWAY CARRIAGEWAY

UNREGULATED LEVEL GUARDED LEVEL LANE CLOSED

CROSSING CROSSING (ON A TWO LANE ROAD)

OVERHEAD CABLE TRAFFIC SIGNAL

22
Informatory Signs
Informatory signs provide information on direction, destination, roadside
facilities etc. to the drivers. These signs are square or rectangular in
shape.

ADVANCE DIRECTION DESTINATION SIGN ADVANCE DIRECTION

SIGN SIGN ON ROTARY
INTERSECTION

DIRECTION SIGN PLACE RE-ASSURANCE SIGN

IDENTIFICATION SIGN

PETROL PUMP HOSPITAL FIRST-AID POST

EATING PLACE LIGHT REFRESHMENT RESTING PLACE

NO THROUGH ROAD PUBLIC TELEPHONE BUS STOP

23
 PARKING BOTH SIDES PARKING LOT – PARKING LOT -
SCOOTERS AND CYCLES
MOTOR CYCLES

TAXI STAND AUTO RICKSHAW CYCLE RICKSHAW

STAND STAND

PEDESTRIAN SUBWAY RAILWAY STATION REPAIR FACILITY

CONTRA-FLOW BUS LANE BUS LANE

4.2 Signals (Traffic lights)

Traffic lights are used to control traffic at intersections. Apart from traffic
lights, many intersections have lighted arrows for traffic control. Arrows
control the flow of traffic in the direction of the arrow.

24
Red
If you see red light as shown in diagram 9, come to a
complete stop before entering the intersection and before
the stop line, or pedestrian or zebra crossing, if any. You
must wait until the red light turns green. A red arrow
means no turning in the direction of the arrow. Diagram 9

Amber
If you see amber light as shown in diagram 10, before
you enter the intersection, stop your vehicle behind the
stop line or cross walk (pedestrian crossing). If you
have already entered the intersection and the light turns
amber, continue moving on, but with caution. A yellow
arrow means proceed with caution in the direction of
the arrow. Diagram 10

Green
Green light as shown in diagram 11 means you continue
moving through the intersection carefully giving way to
the pedestrians and other vehicles already in the
intersection. A green arrow indicates that you may
proceed in the direction of the arrow if you are in the
proper lane. Diagram 11

Flashing Signals
Flashing red signal as shown in diagram 12 means you
must come to a complete stop behind the stop line or
pedestrian crossing, and move through the intersection
only when it is safe to do so. Flashing amber signal
warns drivers to slow down and drive with caution. Diagram 12

Pedestrian Crossing signals

These signals help pedestrians cross the road safely. As
a pedestrian, you can cross the road if you face a green
‘walk’ sign as shown in diagram 13.
Diagram 13

Never try to "beat the light." If the light turns yellow and you have
enough space to stop safely, please stop.

25
4.3 Traffic Police Hand Signals

If the traffic is being controlled and directed by the traffic police personnel,
follow their hand signals even if they are different from traffic lights or
signals as there may be an emergency situation on the road. Following
pictures illustrate different hand signals used by the traffic police as
shown in the diagrams from 14 to 19.

Diagram 14 Diagram 15 Diagram 16

Stop Traffic From Stop Traffic From Stop Traffic From

Behind Front Front and Back

Diagram 17 Diagram 18 Diagram 19

Stop Traffic From Left Allow Traffic From Allow Traffic From
and Right Right to Turn Right Left to Turn Right

Multiple hand signals may be used together in succession to provide better

traffic management.

26
4.4 Road Markings
Road markings play a very useful role in traffic management. They help
guide and control the flow of traffic, and promote road safety. It is very
important for the drivers to understand road markings and follow them.
Below are some of the important road markings as shown in diagrams from
20 to 37 that you will occasionally come across.

Single Broken Line

Diagram 20
Central line marking with broken white line separates two opposing
streams of traffic. It is permitted to cross to the other side of a single
broken line for overtaking when it is safe to do so. It is noteworthy that the
central line markings are longer than the lane line markings. These are
3 metres long, where as broken line markings dividing lanes are shorter in
length.

Single Solid Line

Diagram 21
Solid central line indicates that it is not allowed to cross to the other
side for overtaking except for entry or exit from a side road or a
premises or to avoid a stationary obstruction. Solid centre line is
normally white in colour but can optionally be yellow also.

27
Double Solid Line

Diagram 22

Double solid central line indicates that it is not allowed to cross to the
other side for overtaking except in emergency situations.
Combination of Broken and Solid lines

Diagram 23

If the line on your side is broken, you may cross or straddle it for
overtaking if it is safe to do so. If the line on your side is solid, you
must not cross or straddle it. This road marking is usually used where the
visibility ahead is less due to a curve or the landscape. Parking is
prohibited on these stretches of the road.
Parking is also prohibited where a yellow line is marked on the edge of the
road.
Stop Line

Diagram 24

28
Stop line with ‘STOP’ word marked on the road as shown in diagram 24
indicates where you are required to stop before an intersection and give way
to vehicles on the major road you are approaching. You should proceed only
after ensuring that it is safe to do so. Where a pedestrian crossing is
provided, the stop line is marked before the pedestrian crossing.

Give Way Line

Diagram 25
The give way line is usually a double dotted line marked transversely at
junctions. These lines are generally supplemented by a reverse triangle
‘give way’ sign painted on the road surface before the dotted lines or by
a road sign installed beside the marking. Give way line indicates that you
should give way to traffic on the main approaching road.

Zebra Crossing

Diagram 26
Zebra crossing is a succession of alternate black and white stripes painted
parallel to the road. These are provided for the pedestrians to safely
cross the road. Pedestrians have the right of way at these crossings.
Zebra crossings are usually accompanied by ‘Pedestrian Crossing’ road
signs.

29
Bicycle Lane

Diagram 27
Bicycle lane marking indicates a lane exclusively for the cyclists. Motor
vehicles are not allowed to enter this lane.
Typical Intersection

Diagram 28
A typical Intersection with Traffic Lights, stop lines and stop signs,
zebra crossings for pedestrians, slip lane with ‘Give Way’ sign and
marking, and directional arrows is shown in the adjoining diagram.

30
Box Junction

Diagram 29
These are yellow crossed diagonal lines within the box. The vehicles
should enter the box junction only if their exit road is clear. Vehicles
must not stop even briefly in the box junction area.

Keep Clear

Diagram 30
This road marking is used to indicate that there must not be any
stationary vehicles in the area of the marking. This is used at
intersections where queuing vehicle may otherwise block cross traffic or
a side road.

31
Edge Line

Diagram 31
Edge line on a road is a solid white (or yellow) line indicating the
edge of the drivable road. A white edge line can also be used to indicate
roadside parking, bicycle lanes. A yellow edge line restricts the kerb-side
parking.

Cycle Track Crossing

This road marking provides for

the area for crossing of the road
by the cyclists. This is provided
where the cycle track crosses
the road, and is usually next to
the pedestrian crossing.

Diagram 32

Acceleration Marking
Acceleration markings are used for
entry to the highways.

Diagram 33

Deceleration Marking
Deceleration markings are used for
highway exits.

Diagram 34

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Object Painting near Kerb
Many times, there are objects
Diagram 35
that are so near the edge of the
road or highway as to constitute a Alternate Black and White
hazard. Such objects are painted
alternate black and white or
staggered black and white.
Diagram 36

Staggered Black and White

No Parking
No parking sign is usually
accompanied by a kerb side yellow
solid line near the edge of the road
to indicate no parking at any time.

Diagram 37

Slow
‘Slow’ road marking provides
advance warning to the drivers to
slow down on approach to a
hazard, intersection, a curve,
narrow bridge or a condition that
warrants driving at a lower speed.
Diagram 38

Bus Stop
A rectangular box with broken lines
with a message ‘BUS STOP’ is for
the area reserved as a bus stop
only and is used for boarding or
alighting of passengers. A kerb- Diagram 39
side solid yellow line on the edge of
the road restricts parking or
stopping any other vehicles in that
area.

33
 5. BASICS OF DRIVING
As a driver of a motor vehicle, it is important to have good
understanding of certain concepts and aspects of driving in order to be able
to drive safely.

5.1 Qualities of a Good Driver

Driving requires good hand-eye coordination and quick reflexes. Three

important traits of a good driver are –
Anticipation: Be aware of traffic around you and what are the signals or
tendencies of the fellow drivers. It is easy to anticipate that a child or a
toddler is likely to run across a road without any indication. Plan ahead for
the unexpected.
Concentration: Keep your focus on the road and actively scan for
possible obstructions. The driver should be well rested, calm and not
under the influence of alcohol or other drugs at any time.
Positive Attitude: Positive attitude is very essential while driving. Be a
responsible driver. Show courtesy to other road users. Aggressive
driving is not conducive to safe and responsible driving. Stay calm in all
situations. Give space to an aggressive driver rather than competing with
him or getting angry.

5.2 Guiding Rules of Safe Driving

This section explains some important rules of safe driving.

Following Distance
It is a good and safe driving practice to
maintain a reasonable following distance
between your vehicle and the vehicle in
front of you. This gives you enough space
to slow down or change your path safely,
in case the vehicle in front applies brakes or
slows down. Traffic, speed, weather
conditions, visibility can impact the safe
following distance between vehicles. As a
rule of thumb, use the ‘2 second rule’ in
normal conditions (see Diagram 40). Diagram-40
Two Seconds Rule means that you should keep the following distance
from the vehicle in front of you such that it takes your vehicle to reach the
vehicle in the front at least 2 seconds assuming that the front vehicle is
stationary.

34
To measure the following distance, pick a fixed object like a sign post,
telephone pole, a bridge or a tree ahead of you and the vehicle you are
following. As the vehicle in front of you passes that object, begin to count
seconds by saying ‘one-thousand-one, one-thousand-two, one-thousand-
three’ and so on until your vehicle reaches that object. If you reach the
object before you have counted one-thousand-two, it means that your
following distance is too less to be safe; slow down and try the above
steps again until you are at a safe following distance.
You should further increase the safe following distance during adverse
weather conditions like rain, fog, snow or during night.
Tyre and tarmac rule
When stopped behind another vehicle, maintain distance in such a way
that you can see the road under the rear wheels of the vehicle in the
front as shown in diagram 41. This
translates into a distance of 4-5 feet from
the vehicle in front. This space will allow
you to move around the vehicle, or will
give you some cushion of time of react
(for example, to blow the horn), if the
other vehicle is parked uphill and
accidentally rolls back. Similarly, this
stopping distance gives the time to react
to the driver of the vehicle parked downhill
in front of your vehicle, if your vehicle
accidentally rolls forward while parked. Diagram 41

Diagram 42 Diagram 43
The third advantage of following the
Tyre and Tarmac rule is that in case of
a traffic jam, drivers get space to
move their vehicles to one side for
giving passage to emergency vehicles.
Important tip: If you can see the
headlights of the vehicle stopped
behind you, it means its stopping
distance from your vehicle is
correct. Diagram 44

35
Right-of-Way

Right of way is a very important concept while sharing the road with other
road users. It determines which vehicle gets to go first in different
situations. It is the responsibility of the drivers and the pedestrians to
obey this rule for smooth flow of traffic. This rule is based on courtesy
and common sense.
Here are some of the common situations described for understanding the
right-of-way rule:
 Emergency vehicles like ambulances, fire tenders, police vehicles
with flashing lights always have the right-of-way in all conditions.
 Zebra crossings belong to the pedestrians. Pedestrians have the
right of way at the zebra crossings and at uncontrolled pedestrian
crossings. When entering an intersection or facing a zebra crossing,
slow down and give way to any pedestrians crossing the road.
 If you are about to enter the roundabout, the vehicles already in the
circle have right of way.
 Vehicles merging with the traffic after turning left using slip lanes
must give way to any vehicle on the road.
 In case of a Stop sign, the driver must stop at the Stop line and if
there is no Stop line, before entering the intersection, and give right
of way to vehicles already in the intersection.
 If two vehicles reach an uncontrolled intersection at the same time,
the vehicle on the right has the right of way.
 When turning right, give right of way to the oncoming vehicles going
straight or turning left.
 If all the sides at an intersection do not have Stop sign or stop line,
then the vehicles on stop lines must give right of way to the vehicles
coming from sides without stop line.
 When a vehicle enters the uncontrolled T-Section, the vehicle that is
making a turn must give right of way to the through traffic.
 Drivers on a minor road must give way to the vehicles on the main
road at an intersection.

36
The following examples will further clarify the above rules-

Diagram 45 Diagram 46
Vehicle A gets priority being on the Vehicle A can merge with the traffic
main road. Vehicle B will give way only when a safe gap appears in
before merging on the main road. traffic on the main road.

Diagram 47 Diagram 48
Vehicle B will give way to vehicle A as Vehicle A leaving the main road has
vehicle A is turning on the side road the right of way over vehicle B
on the same side and vehicle B is wishing to join the main road.
turning on the opposite side of the
road.

37
 Diagram 49 Diagram 50
For turning right, vehicle A will give Vehicle B is joining the same side
way to oncoming traffic and will turn and Vehicle A is joining the opposite
only when a safe gap appears in side of the road. Vehicle A has to
traffic. give way to vehicle B.

In diagram 51, vehicle A is turning

right. Since it is merging with traffic
on the opposite side, join only when
a clear gap appears on both sides
as shown.

Diagram 51

5.3. Cutting Corners

Cutting corners is a very common problem on Indian roads. Most drivers are
not aware of the correct way of taking a right turn and indulge in cutting
corners, posing a threat to their own safety as well as that of others. The
correct method of turning right is to move your car straight and start turning
when the dividing line of the side road meets your car approximately in the
middle as shown in the diagram 52 below. This will ensure that your vehicle
on completing the turn will enter the correct lane on the side road. Any
attempt to take turn at an earlier point in time, may result in collision with a
vehicle coming from the side road. Correct turning also helps the
approaching driver from the side road get a clear view of the vehicle turning
right.

38
 Diagram 52 Diagram 53

This rule also applies to the vehicles on the side road turning right for
merging on the opposite side of the main road as shown below.

Driver of the Vehicle A should go straight

until the front of his car reaches
approximately middle of the road and
then turn right. Failure to do so can lead
to potential collision with the vehicle
coming from the right.

Diagram 54

5.4 Courtesy on the Roads

While the rules governing the right of way as described in the previous
section apply in general, it is equally important for drivers on the main
road having the right of way to show courtesy and stop to allow the
vehicles merging with/leaving the
main road to go first whenever the
volume of traffic is high, otherwise the
waiting time for the vehicles on the
side road becomes agonizingly high.
This is particularly true during the rush
hours. Failure to show such courtesy
will lead to traffic jam on the side
road. Lack of courtesy on the road Diagram 55
often leads to traffic jam as shown in Diagram-55.
39
At any crossing whenever traffic
lights become out of order, then it is
a common picture as shown in
diagram 56. It happens only because
of lack of courtesy. Courtesy also
means leaving access to pedestrians
on Zebra crossings free during traffic
congestion. Similarly, at an Diagram 56

intersection, even if the signal is green but the road ahead of the
intersection is not clear, a courteous
driver stops before the intersection,
leaving the junction box.
Another common occurrence is on
manned railway crossings where
cars and two wheelers often occupy
the lanes meant for oncoming traffic
causing traffic jam as shown in
Diagram 57
Diagram-57.

5.5 Tips for Safe Driving

Safe or defensive driving, as per the National Safety Council, USA,

is getting to the destination safely –no traffic fines or tickets, no
accidents, no harm or injury, with no hassle to the others on the
road. In other words, it simply means driving responsibly and with
common-sense. Driving does not just mean getting your driving
license. It also means imbibing good driving habits. Below are some of
the important tips that will help you to be a safe and responsible driver.
 Observe and obey traffic signs and signals all the time. That
means no rolling stop. Stop completely at the stop line or when you
see a stop sign.
 Check mirrors and cover your blind spots by looking over the
shoulder. Always be aware of the blind spot of other vehicles
especially the big trucks. Stay out of other vehicles’ blind spots.
 Use turn signals appropriately while turning or changing lanes.
40
 Stay alert and scan the road frequently for hazards.
 Do not drive while under the influence of alcohol or drugs or if you
are feeling sleepy or drowsy.
 Distracted driving is dangerous and illegal. No multi-tasking –
texting, talking on the phone, eating, reading, watching a movie,
adjusting radio/CD player/GPS, shaving, putting a makeup etc. -
while driving.
 Adjust driving speed to road, weather and other conditions.
 No tailgating. Leave a safe following distance from the vehicle in
the front.
 Keep your vehicle in good condition. Keep windscreen, windows
and mirrors clean and keep the tyres properly inflated.
 Share the road with trucks, bikes, pedestrians, motorcycles and
other users of the road.
 Be courteous and do not drive aggressively. Driving is not a contest
and it is not about ‘winning’. It is about reaching your destination
safely.
 Use seat-belts for all occupants of the vehicle. It is much safer for
the children and kids to be in the rear seat of the vehicle.
 Keep a first-aid kit in the vehicle.
 Watch for rough and uneven shoulder of the road which may be
lower than the road.
 Watch for animals and slow-moving vehicles. Slow down and cross
them when it is safe to do so.
 Give way to emergency vehicles and do not follow them. Move over
to the lane away from the emergency vehicle. If you cannot move
over, slow down.
 Wear helmets while riding a two-wheeler.
 Be watchful while crossing unmanned railway tracks. Cross only at
designated crossings and do not try to beat the train. Trains are
generally travelling much faster than they seem to.
 As a parent, it is your responsibility to make your kids, especially
the young adults, aware of safe driving. Encourage good driving

41
 habits in them. It is but obvious that parents who do not follow
safe driving practices have teens who follow their example.
 After certain age, physical and mental changes like vision changes,
strength and flexibility, reaction times, can affect driving. Have
your eyes checked regularly. Learn the effects of medication on
your driving skills and vision.
 Children need to be made aware of the dangers of playing in or
around the vehicles or the dangers of climbing into a vehicle trunk
(boot space). When a child is missing, make sure to check in the
vehicles and their trunks quickly.
 Do not leave children or pets alone in the vehicle any time, even
when going for a quick errand.
 Stop for pedestrians. Be alert for children, especially around
schools, residential areas or school buses.

Speed Limit
Speed limit is the maximum speed at which you can drive a vehicle
under ideal condition. If the conditions are less than ideal, you must
slow down to a safe speed which is less than the speed limit.
Section 112 of Motor Vehicles Act 1988 stipulates that ‘no person
shall drive a motor vehicle or cause or allow a motor vehicle to be driven
in any public place at a speed exceeding the maximum speed or
below the minimum speed fixed for the vehicle under the Act or by any
other law for the time being in force.’
Your speed must not be more than 25 km/h, if you are passing a
procession, troops or police on the march or when passing
workmen engaged in road repair work.
Following table lists the specified speed limits for different categories
of vehicles:

Type of Vehicle National State Highway Other Main

Highway (km/h) (km/h) Roads (km/h)
Bus/Truck 65 65 60
Car/Jeep 90 80 70
Motorcycle/Scooter 50 50 45

42
 6. SHARING THE ROAD
It is our responsibility as a driver of the motor vehicle that we focus on
the task at hand and be aware of our surroundings. Many road accidents
can be prevented by simply obeying traffic rules and by extending simple
courtesy to other drivers. Remember that the public roads and highways
must be shared with other drivers and users of the road.

This section has been derived from the "Rules of the Road Regulations,
1989” which serve as the basic guide for rules that have to be followed
while driving on the road. It deals with basic facts such as right of way,
overtaking, turns, parking etc.

6.1. Keeping Left

In India, vehicles drive on the left hand side of the road. It is important to
keep to the left and let the traffic coming from the opposite direction to
pass on your right. Keep to your left as much as possible to avoid head-
on collision. When driving on a channelized road marked with lanes, drive
with in the lane, and stay close to the left of the lane.

6.2. Changing Lanes

Changing lanes can be dangerous and must be done with caution. Follow
MSM rule to change lanes. Make sure you have safe clearance to the
side, behind or ahead before moving to another lane. Never change lanes
at intersections.

Blind Spots are areas around your vehicle where your view is obstructed
as shown in diagrams 58 & 59. These areas are not visible in the rear-
view and side-view mirrors. Any pedestrian, vehicles or other objects in
the blind spots may not be visible to you. It is important to know your
blind spots. Quickly look over your shoulder to the side of the turn for
vehicles or pedestrians in the blind spots before you turn or change
lane. Also, avoid driving into other drivers’ blind spots. Commercial
vehicles, due to their size and design have larger areas in their blind
spots as shown in diagram 59.

43
 Diagram 58 Diagram 59
Blind spots (shaded areas) of Blind spots (shaded areas) of
a car a commercial vehicle

6.3. Turning
Turning improperly or without adequate indication may result in a traffic
accident. Move safely to the proper lane well ahead of your turn. Always
follow MSM rule while changing to the turn lane and while making a
turn. Turn only when it is safe to do so. While turning left, look for the
merging traffic from the right side. Look for oncoming traffic while turning
right. Finish the turn in the proper lane. If you need to move to another
lane, do so only after completing you turn and then change the lane
following the MSM rule. If the intersection is controlled by the traffic
lights or by the traffic police personnel turn only when your lane is given
the proper signal to turn (see Diagrams from 58 to 71).

Correct Way to Turn Wrong Way to Turn

Diagram 60 Diagram 61
Left Turn: If the lanes are not marked with Wrong Left Turn: Do not jump lanes when
turn arrows, then move to the left most lane turning. If the turn arrows are not marked,
well ahead in time after checking the traffic then make a left turn only from the left most
behind you and signaling your intent. Use left lane
turn indication to let other users of the road
know about your intention to turn left.
Cautiously turn i n t o the left most lane next to
the kerb when it is safe to do so. Give way to
pedestrians and other vehicles already in the
intersection. Watch for through traffic.
44
 Diagram 62
Right Turn: After checking the traffic behind you Diagram 63
and signaling your intent, move to the lane Wrong Right Turn: Do not take a right turn
closest to the centre-line well ahead in time from the wrong lane. Move to the lane closest
before making the right turn. Use right turn to the centre-line. Do not jump lanes when
indication to let other users of the road know turning.
about your intention to turn right. Cautiously
turn to the first lane left of the center-line by
staying in your lane. Watch for the through traffic
and oncoming traffic while making your turn.

Diagram 64
Diagram 65
Multilane Left Turn: If the lanes are marked with
Wrong Multilane Left Turn: Do not jump
turn arrows, then move to one of the left turn
lanes or turn in to the wrong lane. Stay in
lanes well ahead in time after checking the
your lane to avoid any accidents.
traffic behind you and signaling your intent. Use
left turn indication to let other users of the
road know about your intention to turn left.
Cautiously turn left when it is safe to do so.
Stay in your lane during the turn. Give way to
pedestrians and other vehicles already in the
intersection.

45
 Diagram 66 Diagram 67
Multilane Right Turn: If the lanes are Wrong Multilane Right Turn: Do not jump
marked with turn arrows, then move to one lanes or turn in to the wrong lane. Stay in
of the right turn lanes well ahead in time after your lane to avoid any accidents.
checking the traffic behind you and signaling
your intent. Use right turn indication to let
other users of the road know about your
intention to turn right. Cautiously turn right
when it is safe to do so. Stay in your lane
during the turn. Give way to pedestrians and
other vehicles already in the intersection.
Watch for the through traffic and oncoming
traffic while making your turn.

Diagram 68 Diagram 69
Proper Right Turn: Enter the intersection Wrong Right Turn: Do not start your turn
straight around quarter of the way before before you enter the intersection. Never
turning the wheels to the right for a turn. cross the central dividing line. This results in
Make a sharp and quick turn. the vehicle staying in the line of the
oncoming traffic for much longer. It also
blocks the traffic trying to turn left.

46
 Diagram 70 Diagram 71

Correct Way to Overtake A Vehicle That is Wrong Way to Overtake A Vehicle That is
Indicating to Turn Right: Proper way to Indicating to Turn Right: You must not
overtake a stationary vehicle that is intending overtake a vehicle on the right if that vehicle
to turn right is, from the left side. Indicate to is waiting to turn right.
move to the left lane for overtaking using
MSM rule.

6.4. Overtaking
Overtaking another vehicle requires caution. Overtake only when it is safe
to do so. Before overtaking, make sure there is safe distance between
your vehicle and the vehicle ahead. Change lanes by following the MSM
rule. Always overtake on the right unless the vehicle to be overtaken
is indicating to turn right.

If you need to overtake the vehicle ahead on a single lane road, do so

only if it is permitted and there is a safe distance between you and the
oncoming traffic. Immediately return to your side of the traffic after
overtaking.

Do not overtake:

 if overtaking is prohibited,
 when you are near the intersection or in the intersection,
 on a curve when you cannot clearly see the road ahead,
 in the tunnel or near or on the railway crossing,
 when oncoming vehicles is too close for safe overtaking.

If you are being overtaken by another vehicle, you should help the driver
who is overtaking you by reducing your speed and keeping to the left of
the lane or road.

47
 6.5. Roundabouts
A roundabout is a circle at a T-junction or an intersection,- that
requires the vehicles to travel in one direction, clock-wise, around a
central island as shown in diagram 72. Vehicles entering the roundabout
must give way to all other traffic and pedestrians. It is very important to
follow MSM rule while entering and exiting the roundabout. Basic rules
to negotiate a roundabout safely and effectively are as under:

Diagram 72
1. Always move in a clock-wise direction.
2. Always give way to traffic on your right.
3. Give correct indicator.
4. Follow MSM rule while entering and exiting the roundabout.

Left Turn

As indicated by the red vehicle in the picture above:

1. Signal left and approach in the left most lane.

2. Give way to any traffic already in the roundabout. Pedestrians have

the right-of-way at the crossings.

48
 3. If it is safe to enter the roundabout, cautiously move forward in the
left most lane. Continue signaling for the left turn.
4. Keep to the left on the roundabout and continue signaling left to
leave in the left most lane.
Go Straight

Yellow vehicle in the above picture shows the proper way to go straight at
the roundabout.

1. Select the appropriate lane on approach to and on the roundabout.

If no marking on the road it is usually safest to keep to the right
lane.

2. Approach without signaling as you have to go straight.

3. Give way to any traffic already in the roundabout. Pedestrians have

the right-of-way at the crossings.

4. Keep to the right on the roundabout until you need to change lanes
to exit the roundabout.

5. Signal left after you have passed the exit before the one you want,
and exit safely.
Right/U Turn

Blue vehicle in the above picture shows the proper way to make a right
turn at the roundabout.

1. Signal right and approach in the right-hand lane.

2. Enter cautiously giving right-of-way to pedestrians and other

vehicles already in the roundabout.

3. Keep to the right on the roundabout until you need to change lanes
to exit the roundabout.

4. Signal left after you have passed the exit before the one you want,
and exit safely.

Similar strategy can be used to make a U-turn. In this case, the vehicle
continues to go around the central island (roundabout) with right turn
signal blinking and then signal left after you have passed the exit before
the one you want to take.

49
 7. DRIVING OFFENSES AND PENALTIES
The aim of enforcing the traffic laws, rules and regulations is to enhance
road safety and reduce road accidents. These laws are enforced by issuing
challans in the name of the offenders. Traffic challans and fines are meant
to discourage irresponsible driving and instilling discipline on roads. Some
of the important rules for driving offenses are explained below.

7.1. Drunken Driving

Drunken driving in India is an offense under Section 185 of Motor vehicles
Act 1988. If any person, while driving or attempting to drive a motor
vehicle, is liable to be charged for impaired driving, if:

- he or she is found to have alcohol exceeding 30 mg per 100 ml of

blood in his or her blood is liable to be for impaired driving, or

- is being under the influence of a drug to such an extend as to be

incapable of exercising proper control over the vehicle

Furthermore, any person who abets the commission of this offense can also
be charged under section 188 of the Motor Vehicles Act 1988.

7.2. Over Speeding

Driving a motor vehicle in violation of section 112 of the Motor
Vehicles Act, 1988 is an offence under section 183 of the Motor Vehicles
Act 1988. Furthermore, whosoever causes any person, employed by him
or her, or subject to his or her control in driving, to drive the vehicle in
violation of the section 112 can also be charged under this section.

7.3. Driving Dangerously

Driving a motor vehicle in a manner which is dangerous to the public,
having regard to all the circumstances of the case including the nature,
condition and use of the place where the vehicle is driven and the amount
of traffic which actually is there at the time or which might reasonably be
expected to be in the place, is an offense punishable under section 184
of the Motor Vehicles Act 1988.

Furthermore, any person who abets the commission of this offense can
also be charged under section 188 of the Motor Vehicles Act 1988.

50
7.4. Use of Helmets
As per rule 185 of the Haryana Motor Vehicles Rules, 1993, every person
driving or riding a motor cycle of any class or description in a public place
must wear protective head-gear (helmet) conforming to the standards of
Bureau of Indian Standards. However, in addition to the persons
exempted under section 129 of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988, persons
driving or riding a two-wheeler, who are medically advised by a Chief
Medical Officer not to wear such headgear or a Sikh wearing a turban
shall not be required to wear a headgear.

7.5. Use of Mobile Phone or Cellphones

Drivers of the motor vehicles must not use or talk on cellphone or mobile
phones while driving a vehicle. This is an offense as per the Rule 21(25)
of the Central Motor Vehicles Rules, 1989 and section 184 of the Motor
Vehicles Act, 1988.

7.6. Smoking while Driving

Rule 21(14) of the Central Motor Vehicles Rules, 1989, together with
section 184 of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988, provide guidance regarding
smoking while driving. The licensing authority can disqualify or revoke the
driving licence of the driver. The hon’able Punjab and Haryana High Court
has also directed in the case Nimit Kumar Vs. Chandigarh Administration
that “no person while driving a vehicle of any kind including two-wheelers
shall use cellular phone and also shall not smoke.”

7.7. Racing or Trial of Speed

Any person who either permits or takes part in a race of trial of speed of
any kind between motor vehicles in any public place without the written
consent of the State Government can be charged under section 189 of
Motor Vehicles Act 1988.

7.8. Using Vehicles without Registration or Insurance

It is a punishable offense under section 192 of the Motor Vehicles Act
1988 to drive or allow use of a vehicle without registration in violation of
the provisions of section 39 of the Motor Vehicles Act 1988.

This will not apply to the use of a motor vehicle in an emergency for the
conveyance of persons suffering from sickness or injuries or for the
transport of food or materials to relieve distress or of medical supplies for
a similar purpose provided that the person using the vehicle reports about

51
the same to the Regional Transport Authority within seven days from the
date of such use.

Also, it is a punishable offense under section 196 of the Motor Vehicles

Act 1988 to drive or allow use of a vehicle without proper insurance in
violation of the provisions of section 146 of the Motor Vehicles Act 1988.

7.9. Obstruction to free flow of traffic

Any person who keeps a motor vehicle on any public place in such a
manner to cause impediment to the free flow traffic can be charged under
section 201 of the Motor Vehicles Act 1988.

7.10. Emergency Vehicles

Rules of the Road Regulations 1989 states that every driver of a motor
vehicle must give free passage to the fire service vehicles and
ambulances by drawing to the side of the road.

On a two-way road, the drivers must stop as close as possible to the left
side of the road. On a one-way road with more than two lanes, stop as
close as possible to the nearest edge of the road and stay clear of any
intersection. On multi-lane highways, do not block the shoulder of the
road as many times an emergency vehicle will use the shoulder if all the
lanes are blocked.

Do not apply brakes abruptly or pull over suddenly, but calmly and
carefully steer your vehicle to the side by observing the traffic in the
back, on the sides and ahead. Never try to follow or overtake an
emergency vehicle.

7.11. Duty of a Driver in case of an Accident

Motor Vehicles Act 1988 was amended after the Hon’ble Supreme Court
order in the case of Pt. Parmanand Katara vs Union of India in 1989 to
make it mandatory on both the driver/owner of the vehicle to take the
accident victim to the nearest doctor, and the doctor to treat the victim
without waiting for any formalities.

As per the section 134 of the Motor Vehicles Act 1988, When any person
is injured or any property of a third party is damaged, as a result of an
accident in which a motor vehicle is involved the driver of the vehicle or
other person in charge of the vehicle shall:

- unless it is not practicable to do so on account of mob fury or any

other reason beyond his control, take all reasonable steps to secure
medical attention for the injured person, ( by conveying him to the
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 nearest medical practitioner or hospital, and it shall be the duty of
every registered medical practitioner or the doctor on the duty in the
hospital immediately to attend to the injured person and render
medical aid or treatment without waiting for any procedural
formalities), unless the injured person or his guardian, in case he is a
minor, desired otherwise,

- give on demand by a police officer any information required by him, or,

if no police officer is present, report the circumstance of the
occurrence, including the circumstances, if any, for not taking
reasonable steps to secure medical attention as required under
clause (a) at the nearest police station as soon as possible, and in
any case within twenty-four hours of the occurrence,

- give the following information in writing to the insurer, who has

issued the certificates of insurance, about the occurrence of the
accident, namely :

 insurance policy number and period of its validity,

 date, time and place of accident,

 particulars of the persons injured or killed in the accident,

 name of the driver and the particulars of his driving licence.

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 8. DIRECTIONS FOR SCHOOL STUDENTS

8.1. going to School on foot

1. Always walk on footpath.

2. On a road without footpath, always walk on right side.

3. Never run on the road.

4. Always use zebra crossing, Traffic Signal, Sub way and over bridge.

5. Respect traffic lights.

6. Walk safety in between the vehicles parked on the road.

7. Never cross road from curves and corners.

8.2. Going to School in School Bus

1. Leave 5 mm early from home. Don’t rush on the road.

2. Always stand in a queue at bus stand.

3. Never try to board a running bus.

4. After board never talk loudly or make a noise in a bus as it can

distract the driver.

5. Always board the bus from the prefixed bus stop only.

6. If you are standing inside a bus, must hold to a railing.

7. Whenever you are in bus don’t show any part of body outside the
bus.
 9. IMPORTANT DATES

1. 2011-2020 decade for Road Safety (UNO).

2. Every Year Third Sunday in the Month of November: - To remember

those who died in road accidents.

3. 1st Jan to 7th Jan: Road safety week every year.

Haryana Police
Police Headquarters,
Sector-6, Panchkula,
Haryana, INDIA

Phone: 0172-2570070, Fax: 0172-2567267

Email: [email protected]
http://www.haryanapolice.gov.in
© Copyright Haryana Police 90
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