Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering

Structural engineering II cive 415

Group project

Compiled By:
Ketshabile Keitumetse 19001246
Goitseone Koogotsitse 19000193
Boago Motswagole 19000209
Wame Tembwe 19000282
Peo Jani Baseki 19000196
Contents
WIND ANALYSIS....................................................................................................................4
LOAD COMBINATIONS AND LOAD ANALYSIS............................................................11
DESIGN FOR BEAM RAFTER.............................................................................................12
COLUMN DESIGN.................................................................................................................14
PURLIN DESIGN....................................................................................................................15
COLUMN BASE PLATE DESIGN........................................................................................17
SIDE RAILING DESIGN........................................................................................................19
EAVES BEAM........................................................................................................................20
DESIGN OF A HAUNCHED CONNECTION.......................................................................22
END PLATE DESIGN AT APEX AND ITS CONNECTIONS........................................26
APPENDIX..............................................................................................................................29
The BIUST Civil & Environmental Engineering Department has initiated a new project for a
workshop. The workshop will be used for various activities, and it is to have a span of 25
meters and bay lengths of 6 meters. It is composed of 4 bays giving a total length of
24meters. The building will be fully clad, and access will be granted by a roller shutter door
on each bay. We were designing the structure.The workshop is to be designed as a portal
frame. This will in cooperate; Rafter, Column, Purlin, and Bracing design as well as the
various connections
Assumptions to be made. 40m/s Wind Loading 150 KPa soil load bearing capacity

Figure 2showing the roof and south elevation

Figure 1 showing the front view of portal frame

WIND ANALYSIS
The wind load was analysed according to CP 3: Chapter V-2: 1972
The process was carried out for a wind speed of 40m/s
A structure of 8.171m height located in BIUST

Procedure
4 Outline of procedure for calculating wind loads on structures
4.1 The wind load on a structure should be calculated for: 1) the structure as a whole, 2)
individual structural elements such as roofs and walls, and 3) individual cladding units and
their fixings.
4.2 It is important to note that the wind load on a partially completed structure will be
dependent on the method and sequence of construction and may be critical. It is reasonable to
assume that the maximum design wind speed Vs will not occur during a short construction
period, and a reduced factor S3 can be used to calculate the probable maximum wind. The
graphs of Figure 2 should not, however, be extrapolated to a period of less than two years.
4.3 The assessment of wind load should be made as follows:
1) The basic wind speed V appropriate to the district where the structure is to be erected is
determined in accordance with 5.2.
2) The basic wind speed is multiplied by factors S1 , S2 and S3 to give the design wind speed
Vs for the part under consideration (see 5.3, 5.4, 5.5 and 5.6) Vs = V S1 S2 S3 .
3) The design wind speed is converted to dynamic pressure q using the relationship q = kVs
2. Table 4, Table 5 and Table 6 give corresponding values of q and Vs in the three systems of
units. See also Figure 2.
4) a) The dynamic pressure q is then multiplied by an appropriate pressure coefficient Cp to
give the pressure p exerted at any point on the surface of a building.
p = Cpq.
If the value of the pressure coefficient Cp is negative this indicates that p is a suction as
distinct from a positive pressure. Since the resultant load on an element depends on the
difference of pressure between opposing faces, pressure coefficients may be given for
external surfaces Cpe and internal surfaces Cpi. The resultant wind load on an element of
surface acts in a direction normal to that surface and then:
F = (Cpe – Cpi) qA
where A is the area of the surface.
A negative value for F indicates that the resultant force is outwards. The total wind load on a
structure may be obtained by vectorial summation of the loads on all the surfaces
DESIGN WIND SPEED
Vs = V S1 S2 S3 (Clause 5.1)

Wind Speed Factors

Topography factor S1
The local topography is not significant since the land is considered level. Therefore
S1 = 1 (Clause 5.4)

Ground Roughness, building size and height above ground, factor S2

From Table 3
Open country Class B, the height of the structure is between 5m and 10m.
Factor S2 is acquired by interpolation for height 8.171m

8.171−5 S2−0.74
=
10−5 0.88−0.74
S2 = 0.83 (Clause 5.5, Table 3)

Factor S3
S3=1 (Clause 5.6)
The design wind speed is there given as
Vs=V × S 1× S 2 × S 3
Vs=40 × ( 0.83 )( 1 ) ( 1 )=32.2 m/s

DYNAMIC PRESSURE OF THE WIND

q=kVs2 (Clause 6)
The k value was selected as
k = 0.613 in SI units (N/m2 and m/s)

2 675.7 N
q=0.613 ×32.2 = 2
m
Pressure Coefficients
Two pressure coefficients were used (Clause 7.2)
1) external pressure coefficient, Cpe.
2) internal pressure coefficient, Cpi

External Coefficients
The pressure coefficients for the walls were acquired from Table 7
Finding h/w
6/24=0.25
Finding l/w
25/24=1.04
Based on these parameters the section below was used to assess the pressure coefficients

The pressure coefficients for the roof were acquired from Table 8
Finding h/w
6/24=0.24
Roof angle =10°
Based on these parameters the section below was used to determine the pressure coefficients
Internal pressure Coefficients
The coefficients and their conditions of application were acquired in Appendix E.

The internal pressure coefficients were given as

1) Two opposite faces equally permeable; other faces impermeable
a) wind normal to permeable face, + 0.2
b) wind normal to impermeable face ,– 0.3
2) Four faces equally permeable ,– 0.3

PRESSURE ACTING ON THE ROOF

The pressure was found as a product of the respective pressure coefficient and the dynamic
pressure
p = Cpq (Clause 4.3 4a )
Wind along 0° direction with Cpi =-0.3
Pressure on section EF
(-0.9+0.3)*675.7= -405.42 N/m2
Pressure on section GH
(-0.4+0.3)*675.7= -67.57 N/m2
Pressure on local Area 1 & 2 (Cpe = -1.4)
(-1.4+0.3)*675.7= -743.27 N/m2
Pressure on local area 4 (Cpe=-1.2)
(-1.2+0.3)*675.7= -608.13 N/m2

Wind along 0° direction with Cpi =0.2

Pressure on section EF
(-0.9-0.2)*675.7=-743.27 N/m2
Pressure on section GH
(-0.4-0.2)*675.7=-405.42 N/m2
Pressure on local area 1 & 2 (Cpe = -1.4)
(-1.4-0.2)*675.7= -1081.12 N/m2 (Largest loading used in design)
Pressure on local area 4 (Cpe =-1.2)
(-1.2-0.2)*675.7= -945.98 N/m2

0° direction (Cpi=0.2)

743.27 N/m2 405.42 N/m2

Wind along 90° direction with Cpi = -0.3

Pressure on section EG
(-0.8+0.3)*675.7= 337.85 N/m2
Pressure on section FH
(-0.6+0.3)*675.7=-202.71 N/m2
Pressure on local area 1 & 2 (Cpe=-1.4)
(-1.4+0.3)*675.7=-743.27 N/m2
Pressure on local area 4 (Cpe=-1.2)
(-1.2+0.3)*675.7=-608.13 N/m2

Wind along 90° direction with Cpi=0.2

Pressure on section EG
(-0.8-0.2)*675.7=-675.7 N/m2
Pressure on section FH
(-0.6-0.2)*675.7=-540.56 N/m2
Pressure on local area 1 & 2 (Cpe = -1.4)
(-1.4-0.2)*675.7= -1081.12 N/m2
Pressure on local area 4 (Cpe =-1.2)
(-1.2-0.2)*675.7= -945.98 N/m2

90° Direction (Cpi=0.2)

675.7 N/m2 540.56 N/m2

PRESSURE ON THE WALLS

Along 0° direction and with Cpi = -0.3
Pressure on surface A (Windward)
(0.7+0.3)*675.7=675.7 N/m2
Pressure on surface B (Leeward)
(-0.2+0.3)*675.7= 67.57 N/m2
Pressure on surface C&D
(-0.5+0.3)*675.7=135.14 N/m2

Along 0° direction and with Cpi= 0.2

Pressure on surface A (Windward)
(0.7-0.2)*675.7=337.85 N/m2
Pressure on surface B (Leeward)
(-0.2-0.2)*675.7=-270.28 N/m2
Pressure on surface C&D
(-0.5-0.2)*675.7= 473 N/m2

Along 90° direction with Cpi =-0.3

Pressure on surface C (Windward)
(0.7+0.3)*675.7=675.7 N/m2
Pressure on surface D (Leeward)
(-0.2+0.3)*675.7= 67.57 N/m2
Pressure on surface A&B
(-0.5+0.3)*675.7=135.14 N/m2

Along 90° direction and with Cpi= 0.2

Pressure on surface C (Windward)
(0.7-0.2)*675.7=337.85 N/m2
Pressure on surface D (Leeward)
(-0.2-0.2)*675.7=-270.28 N/m2
Pressure on surface A&B
(-0.5-0.2)*675.7= 473 N/m2
Pressure on local area (0.25w*h)
(-0.8-0.2)*675.7= -675.7 N/m2
(-0.8+0.3)*675.7= -337.85 N/m2

LOAD COMBINATIONS AND LOAD ANALYSIS

From table 2 BS5950 – Partial factors for loads γf

Load combination 1 dead load and imposed load ( gravity loads )
Dead load = 0.15kpa
Imposed load =0.25kpa
From clotan steel co.za , sheeting ;IBR 0.8mm sheeting, designation ISQ 230
2
8.67 kg /m 9.81 2
× 6 m× 1.5 m× 3 =0.0864 kN /m
cos 10 10
Dead load =0.15kpa
Live load = 0.25kpa

The analysis is such that the structure is symmetrical in loads

Uniformly distributed load (UDL)= 4.41kN/m
Maximum shear force on rafter =46.9kN
Maximum moment of rafter= 253.61kN/m
Maximum shear force on column=42.2 kN
Maximum moment of column = 253.61kN/m

DESIGN FOR BEAM RAFTER

Taking the grade steel as S275 thereby the initial design strength being 275 N/ mm2.
The Plastic modulus given by :
 M
Sx >
Py

6
253.2∗10
Sx >
275
=921 cm3
A suitable section was chosen from Appendix B that has a higher plastic modulus.Availabe
sections were:
533 * 210 * 82 UB: S = 2060 cm3
356 * 171* 57 UB : S = 1010 cm3
457 *191 *67 UB : S = 1470 cm3
Section 1 UB: 2060 cm3 was chosen to be the beam for the rafter because we desired that the
column and rafter be the same section and as a result, the section withstands all loads.
STRENGTH CLASSIFICATION OF THE BEAM
T= 13.2 mm
13.2 mm < 16 mm , therefore Py = 275N/mm2 from Table 4.3.
272 0.5
ԑ=( ¿
275
ԑ =1
SECTION CLASSIFICATION
b/T = 7.91
b
≤ 9 ԑ , therefore the flange is class 1
T

d
=49.6
t

d
≤ 80 ԑ , therefore the web is Class 1
t
Web is also CLASS 1 . Therefore 533 * 210 * 82 UB is classified as Class 1 (plastic).
SHEAR STRENGTH
The flange thickness was less than 16 mm hence the Design Strength. As d/t < 70 E, there is
no shear buckling check required.
Shear capacity of section Pv
Pv = 0.6 *py * t*D
Pv = 0.6 * 275 * 9.6 * 528.3
Pv = 837 KN
Fv = 55. 125 KN
5.125 < 0.6 * Pv = 0.6 (837) = 502.2
Fv < 0.6 Pv therefore it is low shear

BENDING MOMENT CAPACITY

MC = Py * S
MC = 275 * 2060 *103
MC =567 KNm
MC≤ 1.2 * Py *Z = 1.2 *275 *1800 *103
=594 KNm ok

Mt = 253.2 KNm
MC = 594 KNm
Mt < MC ok
Total Moment is less than Capacity Moment
DEFLECTION CHECK
Δ = 5wl4 / 384 EI
Δ = (5* 4.41 * 12.694 )/(384 * 205*106 * 47 500*10-8 )
Δ = 15.3 mm
From Table 4.5 Deflection limit

Span / 200
6345 / 200
=31.73 mm

COLUMN DESIGN
Try; 533*210*82 UC
From Table 11 BS5950 the following dimensions are taken;
T=13.2 Sx=2060
ry=4.38 Sy=300
Ag=104 Zx= 1800

T=13.2 <16 therefore Py=275 from Table 4.3

Mx= moment in our major axis=253.2
My=moment in our minor axis=13
CROSS-SECTION CHECKS
Mcx=PySx=275*10^-3*2060=566.5
Mcy=PySy=275*10^-3*300=
Substituting into; (F/AgPy)+(Mx/Mcx)+(My/Mcy)
=0.624<1 OK
BUCKLING RESISTANCE CHECK
Bi-Axial bending
From Table 4.15, effective length Le=0.85L therefore Le=0.85(6)=5.1m
Le/ry=5100/43.8=116.6
From Table 24(b) Pcx=113.4, From Table 24(c) Pcy=101.6 by using interpolation
Fc=55.125kN
Pcx=Ag*Pcx=13.4*10^-3*104*10^2=1179.36
Pcy=Ag*Pcy=101.6*10^-3*104*10^2=1056.64 (Pc)
Substituting into equ, (Fc/Pc)+(Mx/PyZx)+(My/PyZy)
(55.12/1056.64)+(253.2/(275*1800*10^-3)+(13/(275*192*10^-3))
= 0.809 <1 OK

Buckling
(Bw)^0.5*(Le/ry)=(1.0)^0.5*(5100/43.8)
From Table 16 BS5950, Pb=102
Therefore Mb=Pb*Sx=102*2060*10^-3=210.12
Ratio end moments about both axis, B=1. Table 4.10, mLT=1
Substituting into (Fc/Pcy)+((mLT*MLT)/Mb)+((my*My)/pyZy) gives
(55.125/1056.64)+(100/210.12)+(13/(275*192*10^-3))=0.77<1 OK
This section is satisfactory.

PURLIN DESIGN
Assessing Chosen section 175*75*20*3.5(DATABASE OF STRUCTURAL STEEL
SECTION)
Loading (Product of spacing and imposed load)
▪ Wind =1.08 kN/m2
▪ serviceability =0.15 kN/m2
▪ Live =0.25kN/m2
▪ Yield strength =275 N/mm^2
▪ Weight of roofing =0.0864 kN/m2
▪ Weight of purlin =0.16kN/m2
▪ Spacing =1.8m
▪ Roof angle 10°

Dead + live = (0.45) + ( 0.27 + 0.156 + 0.16)

=1.04 kN/m2
Loading Normal to the roof sheeting
=(D+L)*Cos10
=1.04*Cos10
=1.02 kN/m2
Loading Parallel to the roof sheeting
=(D+L)*Sin10
=1.04*Sin10
=0.18 kN/m2
Wind loading
=1.08*1.8
=1.944 kN/m2
Total loading normal to the roof sheeting
=1.944+ 1.02
=2.964 kN/m2
2
wl
▪ Mzz =
8
2
2.964 ×6
=
8

= 13.34 kNm
2
wl
▪ Myy =
8
2
0.18 ×6
=
8
=0.81kNm Figure 3 orientation and connection of purlin on the rafter

Section Capacity Check

M zz M yy
▪ +
M cz M cy
≤1

6 6
13.05 ×10 0.756 ×10
▪ +
275×(63.9× 10 ) 275 ׿ ¿
3

▪ 0.76 + 0.15 =0.91

▪ Section is OK
Deflection Check
Limit =Span /200
Limit = 6000/200
Limit = 30mm
Taking 80% of imposed ,unfactored load
4
5wl
384 EI
4
5 ×1.896 ×6
6 −6
384 ×205 ×10 × 5.59× 10

=27.9mm
It is okay

COLUMN BASE PLATE DESIGN

Figure 4 showing the baseplate

Assumptions
The nominal bearing pressure between the baseplate and support is uniform
The applied load acts over a portion of the baseplate (effective area)

Effective area
Axial load=55.125kN
The bearing strength of the concrete foundation =(0.6*fcu)= 0.6*30= 18mpa

The effective area of the baseplate=axial load/bearing strength

Effective area=55.125* 103 /18 =3062.5mm2
The actual area
Abe=(B+2c)(D+2c)-2{(D-2[T+c])([B+2c]-[t+2c])
3062.5mm2 =(208.7+2c) (528.3+2c) - 2{ ( 528.3-2[13.2+c] ) ( [208.7+2c]-[9.6+2c] )
12c2 + 303.2c – 102 309.16=0
c=80,6
C=80.6mm
Minimum length of the baseplate=D+2c= 528.3 + 2*80.6= 689.5mm
Minimum width of the baseplate= B+ 2c = 208.7 + 2*80.6= 369.9mm

Therefore, provide a 700mm x400 mm baseplate

Baseplate thickness
Assuming a base plate thickness of less than 40mm, the design strength Py=265N/mm2
The actual baseplate thicknesses.
tp=c(3w/Py)0.5
tp=80.6 (3(0.6*30)/265 )0.5 =21mm

Therefore, a 700mm x400 mmx 25mm thick baseplate in grade S275steel should be suitable
SIDE RAILING DESIGN
Assessing Chosen section
175*65*20*4.5 (DATABASE OF STRUCTURAL STEEL SECTION)
Loading (product of imposed load and spacing)
▪ Wind = 1.01 kN/m2
▪ Self = 0.11 kN/m2
▪ Live = 0.375 kN/m2
Spacing =1.5m
Loading normal to sheeting
=1.01 + 0.375
=1.385 kN/m2
Loading parallel to sheeting
=0.11 kN/m2
2
wl
▪ Mzz =
8
2
1.385× 8.33
=
8

= 12 kNm
2
wl
▪ Myy = Figure 5 side railing connection
8
2
0.11×8.33
=
8
=0.92kNm

Section Capacity Check

M zz M yy
▪ +
M cz M cy
≤1

6 6
12 ×10 0.92 ×10
▪ 3
+ 3
275×(71.3 × 10 ) 275 ×(15.5 ×10 )
▪ 0.61 +0.22 =0.83
 ▪ Section is OK

Deflection Check
Limit =Span /200
Limit = 8333/200
Limit = 41.7mm
Taking 80% of imposed ,unfactored load
4
5wl
384 EI
4
5 ×0.81 × 8.3
6 −6
384 ×205 ×10 × 6.24 ×10
=38.7mm (Horizontal)
It is okay

EAVES BEAM
The eaves beam will adopt purlin loading as purlins are designed for maximum permissible
wind and gravity load.
Designed with specialized fascia purlin. (LYSAGHT® FASCIA PURLIN)

Capacity check (FP23019,120)

2
wl
▪ Mzz =
8
2
2.964 ×6
=
8
 = 13.34 kNm

2
wl
▪ Myy =
8
2
0.18 ×6
=
8
=0.81kNm

Section Capacity Check

M zz M yy
▪ +
M cz M cy
≤1

6 6
13.34 × 10 0.81 ×10
▪ +
450 ×(53.7 ×10 ) 450× ¿ ¿
3

▪ 0.55 + 0.036 =0.586

Section is OK
Deflection Check
4
5wl
384 EI
4
5 ×1.896 ×6
6 −6
384 ×205 ×10 × 53.7 ×10

=2.9mm
It is okay

All purlins and railing will be held in place with 2 screws at every point of interaction with a
main structural member
DESIGN OF A HAUNCHED CONNECTION
FOR THE HAUNCH CONNECTION;
Used 8 bolts in the upper tensile zone
4 bolts in the compressive zone
Grade 8.8 M24 bolts (required for long span)
Bolt diameter is 24mm
Bolt depth=24mm+2mm=26mm
Used extended end plates to increase the bending resistance of the connection
Taking diameter as D, the bolts are located at 1.5D to 2D from their supporting elements,
placed 4D to 5D apart down the web (from design of haunch composite beams in buildings
textbook derived from bs5950)
Plate thickness =20mm
FORCE PER BOLT BASED ON ELASTIC PRINCIPLES
Assumption: Centre of rotation is about the lower flange of the haunch
Evaluate the second moment of area of the bolt (Ib)
Force in each bolt =My /Ib
My =252.2kNm Ib= πD2/64 =28.27m
Force =252.2kNm/ 28.27m
=8.955kN

SHEAR FORCE APPLIED AT THE BOLT CONNECTION

Applied moment/depth of the section
=253.2 *10 3/528.3 = 496kN

THE SLIP RESISTACE OF A SINGLE BOLT IN SINGLE SHEAR (PSL)

Psl=1.1KuPo PO -minimum shank tension (found in bs4604)
=1.1(1)0.5*207
=113.5KN

8.8*Psl > shear force in bolts

8.8*113.85 =1002 > 496 kN , therefore okay

SHEAR CAPACITY OF THE BOLT(Ps)

Ps=shear strength of the bolt *effective area of the bolt
Ps=375 *353
Ps=132.375 kN per bolt
(Effective area from table 4.22, shear strength from table 4.19)
THE BEARING CAPACITY oF THE BOLT(Pbb)
Pbb=dbtppbb
=26mm*20mm*1000
=520KN

THE NORMAL TENSION CAPACITY OF THE BOLT

=0.8ptAt Pt(obtained from table 4.23, bs5950 , At from table 4.22)
= 0.8*560*353
=158.14kN

Checking the bearing capacity of the connected parts

Pbs=kbs*db*tp*pbs < 0.5Kbs*e*tp*pbs e=11t =11*9.6 =105.6, pbs from table 4.21)
(

=1*26*20*460 <0.5*105.6*20*460
=239200< 485760
therefore, OK for design
The required number of bolts at the base of the haunch
= applied shear force / total number of bolts
=54.3/12 = 4.5 used 4(bolts)

MOMENT RESISTANCE OF THE COLUMN FLANGE

equation from design haunched connection online book pg. 30

[ ( )]
2 1 /2
stress
1− ∗S∗Py stress =F/A =54300* 10.4 =5.22N/mm2
Py

= [1-(5.22/275)2]1/2 *13.22/4*275 S=T 2/4

=119.8kNm

Because the magnitude of the forces applied to the column, it would be beneficial to
introduce web stiffners, welded to the column flange to improve buckling strength of the
web.
END PLATE DESIGN AT APEX AND ITS CONNECTIONS

FOR THE END PLATE CONNECTION;

 Used 8 bolts in the upper tensile zone
 4 bolts in the compressive zone
 Grade 8.8 M24 bolts (required for long span)
 Bolt diameter is 24mm
 Bolt depth=24mm+2mm=26mm
 S275 steel grade
 8 mm fillet weld
 20mm end plate thickness(tp)

SHEAR RESISTANCE OF THE END PLATE

For longer-span beams it is often found necessary to use six or eight bolts on the tensile zone
and four in the compression zone to transfer required moments.
Nominal diameter of holes
 2mm for bolts with diameter 24mm
 Dh (diameter of holes) = dB (diameter of bolt) + 2mm for 16<dp<24mm
 dB (diameter of bolt)= 24mm
 pitch of bolt (p) = 122mm
 edge distance, e1 =50mm
 edge distance, e2 = 50mm

Table 4.22 tensile stress area (At) mm2 is 353mm2 for 24mm bolts
Checks for pitch and edge distance
1. Pitch > 2.5dB = 60< 120 ok
2. Pitch < 14 tp =14*20 = 280 > 122 ok
3. Edge distance e1 > 1.4 Dh = 1.4*26= 36.4 < 50 ok
4. Edge distance, e2 > 1.4 Dh = 1.4*26= 36.4 < 50 ok
5. e1 and e2 < 11tp *ԑ = 11*20* 1=220 > 50 ok

For grade S275 steel with tp = 20mm, As = 353 mm2 and Ps = 375 N/mm
Shear capacity of single bolt
P s= ps × As
3
¿ 375 ×353=129 ×10 N=129 kN
Shear capacity of bolt as group
6ps = 6*129= 774kN

BEARING CAPACITY
Pbb=db ×tp× pbb=24 × 20 ×100
Pbb=480 kN
End plate is thicker than column flange( column flange thickness is 13.2mm)
Bearing capacity of end plate
Pbs given by Pbs=Kbs× dp ×tp × pbs
¿ 1 ×24 × 20× 460=221 kN
≤ 0.5 Kbs× e 2 ×tp × Pbs
=0.5*1*50*20*221= 110.5kN
Hence bearing capacity of connection can be checked by
6* Ps= 6* 221= 1326kN
ENDPLATE SHEAR STRENGTH
Av=0.9 Ah
¿ 0.9 tp (lp−4 Dh )
2
¿ 0.9 ×20 × ( 460−4 × 26 )=6408 mm
Shear capacity assuming single plane of failure, Pvp
Pvp=0.6 × Py × Av=0.6 × 275 ×6408
=1057kN
Assuming two failure planes
2*Pvp = 2*1057= 2115kN

CHECKING FOR THE WELD

 8mm fillet weld
 Leg length (s) of 8mm

Design strength Pw =220N/mm2 assuming electrode strength 42 N/mm2 (table 4.25)

Throat size, a= 0.7*S= 0.7* 8= 5.6 mm
Effective length of the weld, lw
lw=2 ( lp−2 s )=2 ( 460−2 ×8 )
lw=888 mm
Hence design shear strength of weld Vw
Vw=Pw × a ×lw
Vw=220× 5.6 ×888=1094 kN
Local shear strength of beam web at the end plate
Pvb=0.6 × py × Av
¿ 0.6 × 275 ( 0.9× An )
¿ 0.6 × 275× 0.9 × 460=984 kN
Therefore, the shear strength of beam is 984kN.
APPENDIX

Figure 6 Orientation of the side railing