TECHNICAL GUIDELINES

For support to Micro-scale Irrigation under the Production and Marketing Grant

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FOR

Version 2, June, 2022

Micro-scale Irrigation Program

Acknowledgements

The Technical guidelines were developed by Dr Evan Christen, Irrigation expert, Penevy Services
Pty. Ltd. and Jonathan Denison, Irrigation expert, WaterDev.

The Technical Guidelines benefitted from critical inputs from Dr Nicole Lefore, Gender in irrigation
expert, Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Small Scale Irrigation, Texas A & M University; Maria
Guglielma da Passano, Land tenure expert; and Line Kaspersen, Policy & Economics expert, Food
and Agriculture Organization (FAO).

The Technical Guidelines benefitted from inputs by the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry,
and Fisheries (MAAIF), under the overall guidance of Eng. Ronald Kato Kayizzi, Acting
Commissioner for the Department of Agricultural Infrastructure Mechanization and Water for
Agricultural Production (DAIMWAP). Notably, substantive inputs were received by Mr Allan
Ollando, Engineer, DAIMWAP. The Technical Guidelines build upon the extensive consultations
held with Local Government staff.

The Technical Guidelines were developed under the supervision of Dr Gabriella Izzi, Senior
Irrigation and Drainage Specialist, The World Bank. The development of these Technical guidelines
was funded by DFID Trust Fund.

For any queries on the Micro-scale Irrigation Program, contact

[email protected]

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Contents
Table of Figures...................................................................................................................................... 6
Acronyms and abbreviations .................................................................................................................. 7
1. Changes between version 1 and version 2 ....................................................................................... 8
2. Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 9
1.1. Objective............................................................................................................................................ 9
1.2. Intended users of these technical guidelines .................................................................................... 9
1.3. Purpose of the guidelines ................................................................................................................ 10
2. Overview of the Micro-scale Irrigation Program ............................................................................ 11
2.1. Key components .............................................................................................................................. 11
2.2. Administrative areas included in the program ................................................................................ 17
2.3. Stakeholder activities ...................................................................................................................... 19
2.4. Timeline of activities........................................................................................................................ 21
3. Supplier pre-qualification.............................................................................................................. 23
3.1. Irrigation supplier pre-qualification outputs ................................................................................... 24
4. Important considerations for the Micro-scale Irrigation Program ................................................... 25
4.1. Inclusion of women ......................................................................................................................... 25
4.2. Land tenure ..................................................................................................................................... 32
5. Developing target areas within districts......................................................................................... 34
6. The “IrriTrack” App ....................................................................................................................... 36
7. Awareness raising ......................................................................................................................... 36
7.1. At central MAAIF level ..................................................................................................................... 37
7.2. At district and sub-county level ....................................................................................................... 38
7.3. Irrigation demonstration sites ......................................................................................................... 39
8. Recording Expressions of Interest (EOIs) ........................................................................................ 41
EOI acceptance ................................................................................................................................................ 45
9. Assessing suitability by farm visit .................................................................................................. 46
9.1. Preparing for the farm visit ............................................................................................................. 48
9.2. The farm visit ................................................................................................................................... 54
9.3. Completing the farm visit ................................................................................................................ 65
10. Environmental and social screening at the farm level..................................................................... 67
11. Procurement ................................................................................................................................ 70
11.1. Role of District Technical Planning Committee and Procurement (DTPC) ...................................... 70

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11.2. Purchasing steps .............................................................................................................................. 70

11.3. Quotation request ........................................................................................................................... 73
11.4. Assessment of the quotations from the irrigation equipment suppliers ........................................ 73
11.5. Approved farmers can join a Farmer Field School (FFS).................................................................. 77
11.6. Contract signing with equipment suppliers..................................................................................... 79
12. Irrigation system supply and installation ....................................................................................... 80
12.1. Irrigation supplier obligations ......................................................................................................... 82
12.2. Verification of installation: .............................................................................................................. 82
13. Operation, Maintenance and Evaluation ....................................................................................... 85
13.1. Operation and maintenance ........................................................................................................... 85
13.2. Evaluation ........................................................................................................................................ 85
13.3. Evaluation survey ............................................................................................................................ 86
14. Implementation of the guidelines ................................................................................................. 87
14.1. Impartiality ...................................................................................................................................... 87
14.2. Equity ............................................................................................................................................... 87
14.3. Non-cumulative ............................................................................................................................... 87
14.4. Non-retroactivity ............................................................................................................................. 87
14.5. Grievance and Redress .................................................................................................................... 87
14.6. Revision of these guidelines ............................................................................................................ 90
APPENDICES......................................................................................................................................... 91
1. Micro-scale Irrigation Program Grant, Budget and Implementation Guidelines ............................... 92
2. Ugandan and international standards for irrigation equipment .................................................... 112
3. Vision Road and Gender Balance tree methodologies - tools to support women in the Micro-scale
Irrigation Program and other interventions......................................................................................... 114
4. Template documents for land tenure .......................................................................................... 130
5. Water assessment for district target areas................................................................................... 135
6. IrriTrack App and MIS - roles and access rights of different users ................................................. 153
7. Irrigation Demonstration Site MOU ............................................................................................. 154
8. Controlled activities under the National Environment Regulations ............................................... 156
9. Environmental assessment.......................................................................................................... 159
10. Mapping the site......................................................................................................................... 164
11. Soil assessment .......................................................................................................................... 168
12. Water resource assessment ........................................................................................................ 176
13. Measurement of vertical height from water source to field.......................................................... 187
14. Estimating the cost of irrigation equipment ................................................................................. 191

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15. Agreement to proceed for quotation ........................................................................................... 193

16. Water Permit Application Procedure ........................................................................................... 194
17. Tender data for irrigation equipment suppliers............................................................................ 199
18. Bidding document cover page ..................................................................................................... 201
19. Quotation requirements ............................................................................................................. 202
20. Tender evaluation guide ............................................................................................................. 203
21. Farmer Field School .................................................................................................................... 208
22. Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) ...................................................................................... 217
23. Acceptance / Non-acceptance of irrigation system....................................................................... 220

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Table of Figures
Figure 1 Relationship between stakeholders .................................................................................................. 13
Figure 2 Stages of implementation ................................................................................................................. 16
Figure 3 Map of districts included in Phase 1 of the Micro-scale Irrigation Program ..................................... 17
Figure 4 Map of districts included in Phase 2 of the Micro-scale Irrigation Program ..................................... 18
Figure 5 Micro-scale Irrigation Program timeline ........................................................................................... 21
Figure 6 Stages of implementation (Stage 1 highlighted in blue) ................................................................... 22
Figure 7 Mobile phone ownership in Uganda (UBS, 2019) ............................................................................. 26
Figure 8 Land ownership (UBS, 2019) ............................................................................................................. 27
Figure 9 Example of a stylised and actual Gender Balance Tree (Higher grounds Coffee & GAMEchange
Network) .......................................................................................................................................................... 29
Figure 10 Stages of implementation (Stage 2 highlighted in blue) ................................................................. 40
Figure 11 Flowchart of process – boxes highlighted in blue ........................................................................... 42
Figure 12 Flowchart of process (boxes highlighted in blue) ............................................................................ 47
Figure 13 Water source below the field, and pump above the water source ................................................ 60
Figure 14 Water source above the field, and pump above the water source................................................. 61
Figure 15 Surface pump above the water source ........................................................................................... 61
Figure 16 Use of a submersible pump in a borehole ...................................................................................... 61
Figure 17 Submersible pump and water level to land height difference ........................................................ 62
Figure 18 Stages of implementation (Stage 3 highlighted in blue) ................................................................. 69
Figure 19 Flowchart of process (steps highlighted in blue) ............................................................................. 72
Figure 20 Flowchart of process (steps highlighted in blue) ............................................................................. 81
Figure 23 Framework of the Vision Road ...................................................................................................... 118
Figure 24 Opportunities and challenges are drawn in above and below the road ....................................... 118
Figure 25 Example of Vision Road created jointly by a man (using blue) and woman (using green) to take
their household to their vision ...................................................................................................................... 119
Figure 26 Example of a stylised Gender Balance Tree (Higher grounds Coffee & GAMEchange Network).. 121
Figure 27 Example of an actual Gender Balance Tree (Higher grounds Coffee & GAMEchange Network) .. 121
Figure 28 Who is in the household – the trunk ............................................................................................. 123
Figure 29 Who does what is drawn into the roots ........................................................................................ 124
Figure 30 Who gets what is drawn into the branches................................................................................... 125
Figure 31 What is pushing the tree drawn to the side of the trunk .............................................................. 126
Figure 32 What needs to be changed shown as items highlighted or crossed out....................................... 127
Figure 33 Examples of common issues found when using Gender Balance Tree ......................................... 128
Figure 34 Groundwater Potential Map ......................................................................................................... 135
Figure 35 Water Supply Technology Options Map ........................................................................................ 136
Figure 36 Farming systems of Uganda .......................................................................................................... 138
Figure 37 Adaptation figure highlighting chosen weather stations associated with each cluster. ............... 139
Figure 38 Assessing soil texture by feel (source: FAO) .................................................................................. 171
Figure 39 Soil texture triangle ....................................................................................................................... 172
Figure 38 Different states of soil water content ........................................................................................... 174

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Acronyms and abbreviations

AO Agricultural Officer
APD Agricultural Planning Department, MAAIF
CAO Chief Administrative Officer
CCO Certificate of Customary Ownership
CMC Catchment Management Committee
DAE District Agricultural Engineers
DAES Directorate of Agricultural Extension Services, MAAIF
Department of Agricultural Infrastructure Mechanization and Water for Agricultural
DAIMWAP
Production, MAAIF
DAO District Agriculture Officers
DCDO District Community Development Officer
DCO District Commercial Officers
DEC District Executive Committee
DEO District Environmental Officer
DPMO District Production and Marketing Officer
DPO District Procurement Officers
DTPC District Technical Planning Committee
DWO District Water Officer
EOI Expression of Interest
FFS Farmers Field School
GoU Government of Uganda
IFTRP Intergovernmental Fiscal Transfer Reform Program
LG Local Government
LLG Lower Local Government
MAAIF Ministry for Agriculture, Animal Industries and Fisheries
MoU Memorandum of Understanding
NLIS National Land Information System
PAO Principal Agricultural Officer
PMG Production and Marketing Grant
SAE Senior Agricultural Engineer
SAO Senior Agricultural Officer
UgIFT Uganda Intergovernmental Fiscal Transfers
WMZ Water Management Zone

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1. Changes between version 1 and version 2

The key changes between the first version of these guidelines and the new version 2 (June 2022) are:

New inclusions:

• Phase 2 Districts
• Definition of Certificate of Customary Occupancy (CCO)
• Demonstration sites
• Farmer field schools
• Rainguns added to the equipment
• Tender bidding document
• Tender evaluation guide appendix
• Environmental and social screening
• Report Grievances IrriTrack module incorporated
• Farmer acceptance form
• Added quotation requirements as an appendix
• Added info sent to suppliers as an appendix
• Impact assessment

Updates:

• Irrigation system costings to reflect assessment of real costs provided in quotations updated
• Removed guide to MIS
• Additional items on list of non-eligible items
• Detail of procurement and the IrriTrack procurement module
• Payments to suppliers changed to 95% at installation and 5% 6 months later.
• Updated installation and verification module
• Deletion of incomplete appendices
• Deletion of section on solar systems
• Improved diagrams and explanation of water sources and pumps being ‘above’ or ‘below’

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2. Introduction
Irrigation: when and why?

Irrigation is used to supply additional water for crop production in addition to rainfall. Irrigation can
specifically serve to:

• Extend the growing season, by providing crops with additional water after most of the rains in the
rain season have fallen

• Secure crop growth during dry spells within the rainy season. A dry spell is an extended period of
dry days, where a dry day is a day with precipitation less than a preselected threshold. These dry
spells may last up to several weeks within the rainy season, so harvests will be affected without
supplementary irrigation

• Produce crops during the dry season when irrigation is the primary source of water for production.

1.1. Objective
The objective of the Micro-scale Irrigation Program is to support farmers to purchase and use micro-scale
irrigation equipment. Targeted farmers are primarily smallholders who are mainly subsistence but willing to
move into more commercial agriculture.

1.2. Intended users of these technical guidelines

These guidelines are intended for use by those involved in the implementation of the Micro-scale Irrigation
Program, such as:

• Staff of the Ministry for Agriculture, Animal Industries and Fisheries (MAAIF)

• Staff at District level, including District Agricultural Engineers (DAEs), District Agriculture Officers
(DAOs), Sub-county Agricultural Officers (AOs), District Commercial Officers (DCOs), District
Procurement Officers (DPOs)

• Staff at sub-county level, including extension officers

• Irrigation equipment suppliers.

For any queries on the Micro-scale Irrigation Program, contact

[email protected]

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1.3.Purpose of the guidelines

The guidelines are designed to:

1. Provide detailed guidance on the management of the Micro-scale irrigation grant at District level

2. Provide uniform procedures for the management of the Micro-scale Irrigation Program

3. Ensure transparency and accountability in all operations

4. Outline mechanisms to maximise efficiency and effectiveness of operations

5. Promote the consistent application of internationally accepted grants management practices.

These guidelines cover all aspects of the Micro-scale Irrigation Program, specifically:

1. Registration of Farmer

2. Farm visit and site assessment

3. Farmer eligibility assessment

4. Irrigation system design and costing

5. Farm crop business plan assessment

6. Farmer support to secure loan or Pay as you go terms for their co-payment

7. Technical information about the irrigation technology

8. Checking of designs and quotations

9. Verification of supply and installation of equipment as per design

10. Operation and maintenance guidance

11. Contract management

12. Reporting and accountability

13. In case of married male farmer, participation of the wife in the process.

! These guidelines can be read in conjunction with the Micro-scale Irrigation Program Grant,
Budget and Implementation Guidelines (Appendix 1). Which provide more details on the Grant,
budget and management processes

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2. Overview of the Micro-scale Irrigation Program

This section provides a brief overview of the Micro-scale Irrigation Program, including the characteristics of
the Program, where it will be conducted, key stakeholders and their roles, and timeline of activities.

2.1.Key components
The Micro-scale Irrigation Program will support individual Farmers to purchase and use micro-irrigation
systems.

The Micro-scale Irrigation Program has the following key components:

• Individual micro-irrigation systems of up to 2.5 acres

• Simple technologies, including Solar-pump technology and small petrol pumps; hosepipe, sprinkler
or drip systems; and irrigation management tools (soil moisture monitoring and/or other)

• Use already existing water sources that are easily accessible (rivers, streams, tanks, ponds, wells)
within 700m of the proposed irrigation plot

• Co-payment by the Farmer of 25% of the cost for a solar-powered system and 75% of the cost for a
petrol-powered system, and a value cap of the subsidy of USh 18,000,000 for solar pump systems
and USh 5,000,000 for petrol pump systems

• Include women headed households and women in the household (wives) in the decision making
process under the Program.

The Micro-scale Irrigation Program is led by the Department of Agricultural Infrastructure Mechanization
and Water for Agricultural Production (DAIMWAP) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry, and
Fisheries (MAAIF). The Program is run by the District. The Program is supported by the World Bank through
the Uganda Intergovernmental Fiscal Transfers Program (UgIFT).

The Micro-scale Irrigation Program has the following four key stakeholders, with the following key
responsibilities:

a. MAAIF:

i. Awareness creation at the National level

ii. Pre-qualification of irrigation equipment suppliers

iii. Training of LG staff in the Micro-scale Irrigation Program

iv. Increase capacity in irrigation of LG staff.

b. Local Government (LG):

i. Creates awareness at the local level

ii. Accepts Farmer expressions of interest (EOI)

iii. Determines Farmer eligibility

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iv. Provides technical advice to Farmer on irrigation system choice

v. Approves design and costing by irrigation equipment supplier

vi. Receives co-payment from the Farmer

vii. Procures equipment from the irrigation supplier

viii. Undertakes verification of the supply and installation of equipment, with the
Farmer

ix. Pays the irrigation equipment supplier

x. In case of a married male Farmer, ensures participation of the wife at key steps of
the Program

xi. Provides extension support to the Farmer (and in case of a married male Farmer, of
his wife), including support to Farmer Field Schools.

c. The Farmer:

i. Expresses interest

ii. Has land available for a minimum 12-month period

iii. Chooses irrigation technology

iv. Makes co-payment to the LG

v. Arranges loan/financing for co-payment if required

vi. Undertakes verification of the supply and installation of equipment, with the LG.

d. The irrigation equipment supplier:

i. Applies for the pre-qualification

ii. Carries out design and costing of the irrigation equipment

iii. Installs the irrigation equipment

iv. Gives basic training to the Farmer (and in case of a married male Farmer, to the
wife)

v. Provides operation and maintenance manuals/booklets.

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The relationship between the key stakeholders will be defined by:

1. Pre-qualification of irrigation equipment suppliers with MAAIF

2. Contract for the provision of the irrigation equipment: between LG and irrigation equipment supplier

3. Memorandum of Understanding (MoU): between the LG and the Farmer

The relationship between the stakeholders is shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1 Relationship between stakeholders

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The roles of the different staff are outlined in Table 1 below.

Designation Acronym Role Comment

Central level (MAAIF)
Department of DAIMWAP • Overall Management of the app
Agricultural • Oversight for the Project
Infrastructure, • Reports, District, National
Mechanisation and • Monitoring and Evaluation Nationwide
Water for Agricultural • Information used differently depending
Production on who is accessing the data
Directorate of DAES • Use UgIFT information for planning and
Agricultural Extension management of extension
Services
Agricultural Planning APD • Use UgIFT information for planning per
Department district

Cluster co-ordinator Senior • Manage and support each cluster

Engineers in
DAIMWAP
District and sub-county level
District Production DPO/DPMO • Coordinator of the PMG grant
Officer / District • Receive and review reports
Production and • Provide oversight on program
Marketing Officer implementation
• Report on performance of the grant
• Approve matching grant payments
District Agricultural DAO/PAO • Reports to DPO/DPMO on Program Focal Point for the
Officer / Principal • District focal point program by virtue of the
Agricultural Officer • Overall management the team position in the
• Supervise program implementation production department
• Monitoring and performance reporting organogram
Senior agricultural SAE/DAE • Deputize the DAO/PAO If SAE vacant or
engineer/District • Reports to DAO/PAO absent, then DWO
Agricultural Engineer • Supervise and Implement, they are the fulfils this role
secretariat of the program in the district
• Supervise awareness raising
• Collect EOIs
• Prepare farm visits
• Undertake farm visits
• Give training
• Undertake technical assessments
• Guide analysis of irrigation technologies
and costings
• Attend installation of equipment
• OM&M guidance
Senior Agricultural SAO • Reports to DAO
officer • Supervise AOs
• Supervise the Awareness raising
• Collect EOIs
• Prepare farm visits
• Undertake farm visits
• Monitor and guide on complimentary
services (FFS and irrigation agronomy).

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Designation Acronym Role Comment

Agricultural Officer AO • Reports to SAO (DAO if no SAO)
(District and sub- • Implement Awareness raising,
county) • Collect EOIs
• Prepare farm visits
• Undertake farm visits
• Farmer trainings
District Community DCDO • Partake in Farmer mobilisation
Development Officer • Implement awareness raising
• Give farmer training
• Monitor social safeguards
District Water Officer DWO • To be consulted regarding water Shall undertake
availability / quality / stress / catchment technical duties of the
management SAE in districts in
• Undertake technical duties of the SAE in absence or vacancy
districts in absence or vacancy until the districts
• Role based mainly on technical issues at recruit.
hand
District Environment DEO • Support environmental, social and
Officer climate change assessment as required

District Executive DEC • Approve the budgets and work plans

Committee
District Technical DTPC • Approve the matching grants and
Planning Committee procurements

District Procurement
District Commercial DCO • Guidance on the matching grants
Officer • Guidance on access to loans to finance

Table 1 Overall staff roles in the Micro-scale Irrigation Program

The overall process is shown in Figure 2 below. These steps can be divided into three stages.

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Figure 2 Stages of implementation

The different stages a farmer application passes through are described in Table 2.

Stage Level Description

2 ‘Interested’ Farmer Those Farmers who have submitted an expression of
interest and met basic self-assessed criteria
‘Eligible’ Farmer Those Farmers who have had a farm visit and have been
found to meet the eligibility criteria
3 ‘Approved Farmer’ Those Farmers who have made the co-payment, provided
documentary proof of their land tenure and signed an MOU
with the LG
‘Installation accepted’ Those Farmers who have had the irrigation equipment
Farmer installed and the LG and Farmer have verified the equipment
and installation is as per quotation and standards
‘Completed Farmer’ Those Farmers where the irrigation equipment supplier has
been paid by the LG and all paperwork is complete

Table 2 Stages of a farmer application

The Micro-scale Irrigation Program will use the IrriTrack App to register Farmer, record
the farm visit, track application progress, and record the installation of the equipment.

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2.2.Administrative areas included in the program

The Micro-scale Irrigation Program has a phased approach. Districts are divided in two groups: Phase 1 and
Phase 2 Districts. Awareness activities in Phase 1 Districts will start in fiscal Year 2020-2021, with roll out of
irrigation equipment in Fiscal Year 2021-2022. Awareness activities in Phase 2 Districts will start in fiscal
Year 2022-2023. Phase 1 Districts are shown in Figure 3 and their clusters are shown in Table 3.

Figure 3 Map of districts included in Phase 1 of the Micro-scale Irrigation Program

S/N CLUSTER 1 CLUSTER 2 CLUSTER 3 CLUSTER 4 CLUSTER 5

1. Ntungamo Mityana Kamuli Amuru Butambala
2. Rukungiri Mpigi Luuka Omoro Sembabule
3. Bushenyi Wakiso Iganga Nwoya Kalungu
4. Ibanda Nakaseke Jinja Bukomansimbi
5. Kitagwenda Luwero Mayuge Lwengo
6. Kamwenge Kayunga Tororo Masaka
7. Kyenjojo Mukono Manafwa Rakai
8. Kyegegwa Buikwe Mbale Kyotera
9. Kibaale Bududa
10. Mubende Sironko
11. Kapchorwa
Table 3 Districts and their clusters for Phase 1

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The Phase 2 districts and their clusters are shown in Figure 4 and Table 4.

Figure 4 Map of districts included in Phase 2 of the Micro-scale Irrigation Program

S/N CLUSTER 6 CLUSTER 7 CLUSTER 8 CLUSTER 9 CLUSTER 10 CLUSTER 11 CLUSTER 12 CLUSTER 13 CLUSTER 14
1. Rubirizi Mbarara Gomba Dokolo Busia Ngora Kotido Gulu Koboko
2. Buhweju Kiruhura Kasanda Kwania Bugiri Katakwi Karenga Lamwo Yumbe
3. Kasese Sheema Nakasongola Amolator Bugweri Kumi Kaabong Agago Maracha
4. Bunyangabo Rwampara Kiboga Apac Budaka Bukedea Napak Kitgum Arua
5. Bundibugyo Isingiro Kalangala Kapelebyong Namayingo Bukwo Moroto Pader Moyo
6. Kabarole Lyantonde Masindi Amuria Butaleja Bulambuli Nabilatuk Oyam Madi-okollo
7. Ntoroko Kazo Bulisa Kalaki Namutumba kween Abim Lira Adjumani
8. Kagadi Rukiga Kiryandongo kaberamaido Buyende Pallisa Amudat Kole Obongi
9. Kikuube Kabale Kakumiro Soroti Kaliro Butebo Nakapiripirit Alebtong Zombo
10. Kanungu Kisoro Kyakwanzi Serere Buvuma Kibuku Otuke Nebbi
11. Mitooma Rubanda Hoima Namisindwa Pakwach
12. Terego
Table 4 Districts and their clusters for Phase 2

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2.3.Stakeholder activities
A summary of stakeholder activities and responsibilities is provided in Table 5.

No. Activity Responsibility

MAAIF LG Farmer Irrigation

equipm.
supplier

1 Awareness raising X X
2 Farmers submit Expressions of Interest (EOI) to LG X X
3 Integration of the planned procurements into the LG annual X
work plan, budget and procurement plan to be approved by
DEC
4 Pre-qualification of irrigation equipment suppliers X
5 Develop target areas within districts X
6 Determining eligibility of farmers X
7 Farm visit of Eligible farmers and technology choice X X

8 DTPC approves list of farmers X

9 Request for quotation from pre-qualified suppliers X
10 Suppliers make quotations to the LG X
11 LG reviews technical aspects and costs of quotations X
12 LG selects lower cost bid by irrigation equipment supplier X
13 Farmer makes co-payment and provides proof of land tenure X
14 Farmer and LG sign an MOU X X
15 LG signs a contract with the irrigation equipment supplier for X X
each farmer
16 Supply and installation of irrigation equipment X
17 Supervision of equipment supply and installation X X
18 On-site certification and commissioning X X X
19 95% payment of irrigation equipment supplier X
20 Cost of servicing and maintenance during warranty period X X
21 5% payment of irrigation equipment supplier X
22 Provision of Farmer Field School X
23 Approved Farmers attend Field School X

Table 5 Activities and responsibilities

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The specific activities of MAAIF in the Micro-scale Irrigation Program are:

1. Development and Issuance of these guidelines.

2. Awareness and Sensitization - National level.

3. Capacity building for district technical staff.

4. Engagement and Coordination of all stakeholders at national level.

5. Pre-qualification of irrigation equipment suppliers

The ministry will undertake the pre-qualification exercise to identify eligible firms/companies to
participate in the program, the ministry shall present to the districts the list of pre-qualified service
providers.

6. Approving designs and bid documents for procurement.

The 40 Phase 1 districts have been put into 5 clusters and the 95 Phase 2 districts have been put
into a further 9 clusters. Teams of DAIMWAP engineers have been formed and attached to each of
the clusters. These engineers will provide technical assistance as required to the districts in
implementation of the Micro-scale Irrigation Program. The teams will review assessment reports
and designs on a sample basis, prepared by either the Agricultural Engineers or the Equipment
suppliers for compliance with the technical guidelines. The teams will also inspect the installation
works on a sample basis.

7. Review of work plans and budgets and issuance of no objection before submitting to the DEC

The DLGs are expected to prepare work-plans and budgets and submit them to the Ministry for
review and issuance of no objection before submitting the work-plans to the DEC for approval. This
is to ensure compliance with the grant guidelines. MAAIF will undertake annual reviews of the
work-plans together with the districts.

8. Quarterly Monitoring and reporting

MAAIF will convene quarterly meetings with districts leadership and technical staff to engage with
them on the program implementation. Biannual meetings will also be held to engage with the
agricultural engineers. MAAIF will also do quarterly monitoring of the program implementation.
The Districts are expected to implement and thereafter report to the Ministry against the budget
estimates and the work plans.

9. Data collection

The districts are expected to collect and submit data and information to the Ministry relating to
the Program as required. The ministry will collect data from the districts on the different
parameters under the program. MAAIF will maintain a Management Information System into
which all the information will feed.

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2.4.Timeline of activities
The program timeline is shown inFigure 5. Based on the performance of the Program, MoFPED might decide to keep funding it beyond this time.

FY 2021/22 FY 2022/23 FY 2023/24

Stage Activity J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J

Awareness raising and farmer mobilization

LG submit annual work plan to MAAIF
Integration of program into Annual Work Plan,
1 budget and procurement plan by DEC
Development of target areas within districts
MAAIF pre-qualification of suppliers
Farmer submits EOI and is registered
Site assessments undertaken
2
LG DTPC approves bundle of farmers monthly
LG sends request for quotations from suppliers
Suppliers make quotations to the LG
LG reviews technical and costs of quotations
Farmers review and accept quotations
Farmers make co-payments/sign MoUs with LG
LG notifies the supplier of successful quotations
3 LG signs contracts with suppliers
Supply and installation of equipment
Supervision of suppliers
On-site certification and commissioning
Payment of suppliers
Approved farmers can join Field Schools

Figure 5 Micro-scale Irrigation Program timeline

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STAGE 1
This section covers Stage 1 as highlighted in Figure 6 below.

Figure 6 Stages of implementation (Stage 1 highlighted in blue)

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3. Supplier pre-qualification
This section describes how irrigation equipment suppliers will be pre-qualified by MAAIF. Only pre-qualified
irrigation equipment suppliers will be able to respond to calls for quotations by LGs for the Micro-scale
Irrigation Program.

The pre-qualification will occur at a National level by MAAIF. Screening at a National level will ensure
uniform technical standards across the Micro-scale Irrigation Program districts.

Irrigation equipment suppliers will be pre-qualified so that Farmers will be able to buy irrigation equipment
with confidence in design and quality.

Irrigation equipment suppliers will be screened to be placed upon a “Pre-qualified equipment supplier list”.
Only quotations by suppliers on the pre-qualified list will be accepted for the Micro-scale Irrigation
Program.

The detailed technical features, performance characteristics, and operations and maintenance aspects of
the irrigation technologies will be established by the pre-qualified suppliers. Suppliers will produce the
necessary brochures, media and maintenance booklets.

The pre-qualification process requires that an irrigation equipment supplier demonstrates:

1. Proper legal registration in Uganda

2. Proven company financial viability

3. Proven track record of supplying irrigation systems in Uganda or neighbouring countries

4. Provision of appropriate irrigation systems for smallholder farmers in Uganda

5. Ability to install, test and train farmers on site

6. Provision of appropriate soil water and nutrient measurement tools to aid in irrigation management

7. Proven track record of after sales support to farmers

8. Capacity to provide after sale service – (warranty claims and general backup) across the Micro-scale
Irrigation Program districts

9. That they understand the guidelines covering assessment of quality, installation, commissioning and
training will be part of the contract between supplier and the LG.

Each pre-qualified irrigation equipment supplier will supply a list of their equipment indicating the
following:

1. Full specifications of the solar modules including quality, make (manufacturer) and model number.
What Ugandan/International standards are met? (Appendix 2)

2. Full specifications of any controllers/inverters and drawings and specifications of the solar array
mounting structure. What Ugandan/International standards are met? (Appendix 2)

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3. Full specifications of the pump also including the pump curve and design point. What
Ugandan/International standards are met?

4. Full specifications of suction and delivery systems including pipe materials/sizes and any valves and
filters. What Ugandan/International standards are met? (Appendix 2)

5. Full specifications of the irrigation system including any tanks, filters, hoses, sprinklers, drippers. What
Ugandan/International standards are met? (Appendix 2)

6. Full specifications of the soil water and nutrient irrigation management tools. What
Ugandan/International standards are met?

The list of pre-qualified irrigation equipment suppliers will be kept by the MAAIF. There will be audit
mechanisms to ensure only pre-approved irrigation equipment suppliers are used at LG level under the
Micro-scale Irrigation Program.

The pre-qualification process will be repeated at twelve (12) monthly intervals so that new irrigation
equipment suppliers can enter the list and non-performing irrigation equipment suppliers can be deleted
from the list. MAAIF will solicit feedback from LGs regarding the performance of irrigation equipment
suppliers.

3.1.Irrigation supplier pre-qualification outputs

At the end of the pre-qualification process there will be:

1. List of pre-qualified irrigation equipment suppliers

2. Information from each pre-qualified irrigation equipment supplier on their equipment packages that
will be used in farmer awareness raising and will also be compiled by MAAIF into a booklet that farmers
can use in making their choice of irrigation equipment.

Pre-qualification process completed by May

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4. Important considerations for the Micro-scale Irrigation Program

This section provides background material and introduces approaches to dealing with the two important
aspects of inclusion of women and land tenure that will impact the implementation and success of the
Micro-scale Irrigation Program.

4.1.Inclusion of women
“Gender is simple: it means women and men treating each other like equal human beings with
equal human rights and social responsibilities” Linda Mayoux

For a number of reasons women (but also youth, disabled, disadvantaged minorities) will find it harder to
engage with the Micro-scale Irrigation Program than men and those that are overall better endowed
financially (cash and assets) and educationally.

The Program needs to consider how to encourage suitable female farmers to apply, and how to ensure
women in households will benefit equally from the Program.

Simply looking at the Human Development Index (HDI) when it is differentiated for gender we can see that
in Uganda women have a 14% lower HDI, have only 65% the amount of schooling that males get and have
an income of only 57% that of men (see Table 6).

Factor Female Male Female to Male ratio

HDI 0.484 0.561 86 %

Mean years of schooling 4.8 7.4 65 %

Income (US$) 1272 2247 57%

Table 6 Uganda GDI for 2018 (UNDP 2019)

Because women have half the schooling (with a bigger gap in rural areas) women have a literacy rate of
71% vs 83% for men, and this difference will be bigger in the rural areas. Thus, women will be less likely to
read about this irrigation program.

Women also have fewer opportunities for communication as they are less likely to own a mobile phone
(Figure 7).

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Figure 7 Mobile phone ownership in Uganda (UBS, 2019)

Only 55% of women have access to a mobile phone versus 95% of men, consequently it will be harder for
women to contact Government staff officers.

Women are also restricted in social and civil society and so are less likely to hear about the Micro-scale
Irrigation Program, less able to visit government offices, less able to make phone calls. Therefore, women
are less likely to be able to engage with the Micro-scale Irrigation Program.

HOW THE MICRO-SCALE IRRIGATION PROGRAM COMMUNICATES WILL BE VERY IMPORTANT

TO ENSURE WOMEN CAN BECOME ENGAGED

Before any communication, we should ask:

“Will this be easy for women, to hear? To reply?”

How do women prefer to receive information? What are the best channels to reach women?
What information do women need to have to make decisions on participating?

ALSO CONSIDER THE DIFFERENCES REQUIRED WHEN ENGAGING WITH WOMEN HEADED
HOUSEHOLDS AND WOMEN WITHIN A MALE HEADED HOUSEHOLD

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In Uganda women have less income than men (only 57 %) and they have less land ownership. Only 20% of
women have sole ownership of land, with 45% in joint ownership with men (Figure 8).

Figure 8 Land ownership (UBS, 2019)

Therefore, apart from communicating with the Program there are two other important constraints for
women to be part of this Micro-scale Irrigation Program:

1) Women will be less likely to be able to make a co-payment

2) Women will be less likely to be able to prove that they have access to land.

In Uganda there were 27% female headed households in 2015, therefore these restrictions will apply to a
significant proportion of households.

These constraints will not only adversely affect women (and other disadvantaged groups) it will also affect
the ability of the Program to meet its targets unless mitigating actions are undertaken. Also, the Program
must ensure that the activities do not exacerbate or perpetrate unlawful exclusion or abuse.

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Women, men and irrigation

Because micro-scale irrigation largely falls outside of state and community control, women’s participation
in irrigation management is decided within the household. It turns out that even projects that seek to
improve the assets of women by requiring women’s participation and giving them technologies may not be
benefiting women as expected. Projects that target women to close the gender gap in technology and
assets may help women become aware of and “try out” new technology but they overlook the household
dynamics that ultimately influence whether a technology continues to be used or is abandoned.

After a technology gets to a household, men often become the de facto ‘owners.’ This has been observed
even when motor pumps were distributed to women. Depending on the context, women may have rights
to use and manage an irrigation technology, but they also may carry many of the labour costs. Moreover,
women often miss out on the benefits, as they are generally unable to control produce sales and the use of
that income, except under limited conditions.

Projects that promote irrigation for women should be aware that targeting women with irrigation
technology alone is unlikely to give them full rights over the technology, since the rules of the household
often override any project-level rules and expectations. Generally, implementers should not assume that
use and benefits are the same. Likewise, projects should be aware that attempts to empower women may
fail if they do not also secure support from the men within households. Men can block women’s
participation or choose to withhold information to limit decision-making power, such as not informing
them of meetings.

This text is from: https://wle.cgiar.org/thrive/2017/08/28/ensuring-women%E2%80%99s-access-irrigation-

household-beyond-quotas

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Approaches to reduce constraints and increase inclusivity

Research indicates that there are four important areas where the Micro-scale Irrigation Program can help
to increase women’s rights to use and manage irrigation technology and gain from the benefits:

1. Empower women at the household level.

Empower women to manage water resources and related irrigation technologies. The Micro-scale
Irrigation Program can raise awareness around division of labour, money, assets and household
decision making. Women are most likely also going to have to obtain and secure rights to use a
pump.

This will vary by technology, if solar is installed then where? Is it on a man’s plot or between plots
for men and for women? If it is a petrol pump, then who controls when and where it is used?

Understanding of these issues at the household level can be increased by understanding the
“Vision Road” and the “Gender Balance Tree” models (Figure 9). Although there will not be enough
time to apply these models in the Micro-scale Irrigation program, they can give LG Staff a good
insight into gender issues and participatory decision-making, which can be applied to irrigation and
other interventions, to empower women to manage and benefit (receive income) from irrigation
equipment or other interventions.

Figure 9 Example of a stylised and actual Gender Balance Tree (Higher grounds Coffee & GAMEchange Network)

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2. Increase women’s access to market and production information.

The Micro-scale Irrigation Program can help improve the balance of information between men and
women to strengthen women’s claims to income from production with the irrigation equipment.
Women often need support to obtain and secure the right to use cell phones, radios, and bicycles,
all of which enable them to participate more effectively in meetings, extension activities and
markets.

The Program can also assist women and men with mobile phones to equally be able to access
contacts in markets and government to support them. The Program can encourage this through
the Farmer Field Schools.

3. Support women’s existing production and safety preferences.

The Micro-scale Irrigation Program should support the crops and locations of irrigation equipment
that women prefer. So-called female-friendly technologies should also consider portability and
location of installation to ensure women’s rights to use and benefit, and women’s safety.

The Program should be cautious about attempting to shift women’s production to different crops
or rapidly increase revenue, as this may jeopardize women’s rights to income. It is better to allow
women to continue with their production and location preferences and change gradually.

This aim can be supported at the household level through the tools mentioned above. It can also be
integrated into other activities, such as the farm visit. Field assessments should include questions
related to women’s production and women’s multiple uses of water.

4. Bring women together to support each other.

Women state that involvement in groups for irrigation strengthens their access to farming inputs,
increases income and improves social status, all perceived benefits of irrigation by women.
Explaining that women’s participation in farmer groups can benefit the whole family, save money,
and potentially free up women’s time for other activities may be a necessary first step to facilitate
women’s involvement in a support group.

The Micro-scale Irrigation Program can encourage this through the Farmer Field Schools.

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Summary of actions to include and support women in the Micro-scale Irrigation

Program
Program actions to increase gender inclusivity and benefits to women (both women farmers (women
headed households) and women in the household) should align with each step across program stages.

These are the key actions required:

1. Carefully planned communication that can effectively reach women farmers (women headed
households) and facilitate women to engage with the program and become a registered participant

2. LG staff understands gender issues and gender role tools, see Appendix 3.

3. Engage both women and men in households. This will require both men and women to participate in
Expression of Interest, on-site assessment, installation and trainings

4. Provide information linkages to men AND women throughout the program stages; equalise the level of
information access and money management that men and women have access to, such as phone
numbers of LG staff, market traders, irrigation suppliers, websites of information like market prices,
links to banks & MPESA type services to have money management. This can be done at Expression of
Interest or if not possible then at the on-site visit

5. Support women’s preferences in the on-site visit to ensure that the chosen irrigation equipment, crops
to be grown and location suits BOTH the man and woman in the household

6. Bring women together to support each other. At a county or suitable level hold meetings for all the
women (wives and female headed households) so that they can meet and discuss their desires and
concerns and build networks to support each other. The Micro-scale Irrigation Program can encourage
this through the Farmer Field Schools.

Key steps to facilitate the above:

1. For women farmers (women headed households) – Organize awareness raising events specifically for
women farmers.

2. For women in a male headed household - At Expression of Interest (EOI), in case of married male
Farmers, strongly encourage the male Farmer to provide the wife’s name and phone number (if the
wife has their own phone)

3. LG and MAAIF staff will be provided with appropriate training

4. Adopt tools provided in the Guidelines to identify and mitigate risks of exclusion or abuse.

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4.2. Land tenure

Many irrigation and other development projects have run into problems for not factoring tenure
considerations in at the planning and implementation stages. Today the land tenure assessment is a
precondition for any irrigation development.

The Micro-scale Irrigation Program has four main objectives when addressing land issues:

1. Establish applicants’ eligibility by assessing their capacity to securely access the land

2. Avoid the situation where the person loses access to the land where they are using the irrigation
equipment

3. Avoid unwittingly facilitating or legitimizing land grabbing or land rights dispossession

4. Avoid elite capture in the Program, i.e. the irrigation equipment ends up with rich absentee
landholders.

To achieve these objectives, District Officers need to understand the rules regulating the applicant’s access
to land. The aim is not to make the land issue onerous for the process, but to identify risks for different
tenure types and provide District Officers with tools to flag and mitigate them.

Tenure related risks

Since having access to land is a pre-requisite for a Farmer to participate in the Program, all Farmers must
have primary (owners) or secondary (users) rights under one of the four tenure systems. During the
application and assessment stages it is critical to appraise the Farmers’ tenure security level which will
determine their capacity to access the land in question. The weaker the Farmer’s tenure security, the
higher the risk of not achieving the Program’s objectives.

Factors affecting tenure security are linked to ownership, access, and conflict. They may be divided into:

• Risks that concern the land in the planning context of the District (i.e. land falls within a protected
area / buffer zone / area of urban expansion, etc) and in the context of local social dynamics (i.e.
existing land conflict episodes, etc.). Location and destination of use can be verified through the
use of the National Land Information System (NLIS) maps and the consultation with the District
Land Office. History of conflict in the area can be verified with the District Land Office, local
leadership and Area Land Committees.

• Risks related to the ownership and management of the land itself (Land not under the control of
the Farmer, any other right holders that will be dispossessed because of the project). These risks
are rated based on the application details and further assessed during the field visit.

In Uganda, land can be legally held under four tenure systems: Freehold, Mailo, Customary and Leasehold.
Each system regulates the different rights related to the land, including ownership and use.

• Freehold: A holder of a freehold is an individual who enjoys full powers of ownership over land in
perpetuity. Freeholds are captured in the NLIS

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• Mailo: the Mailo system permits the separation of ownership of land and development on the land
by formal lawful occupants (Bibanja holders) and informal (bona fide) occupants. Mailo titles are
for the most part captured in the NLIS

• Customary: Under customary tenure individual and collective rights are originated by local
customary norms and practices. A customary right may be orally transmitted or documented
through the issuance of a Certificate of Customary Ownership (CCO). CCOs are captured in the NLIS

CCOs have in recent years proven to be an affordable, transparent and inclusive way to secure
legitimate tenure rights to customary land and an increasing number of districts in Uganda is
implementing them as a way to secure tenure rights, mitigate land conflicts and promote
sustainable investment.

By law, customary tenure The Certificate of Customary Ownership (CCO) is the instrument devised
by the 1998 Land Act to formalize customary tenure rights through registration. It offers the same
level of protection against external interests as freehold, but it is subject to restrictions of use and
transfer as per the norms and practices of the community. The law recognizes CCOs as conclusive
evidence of the customary land right holder in the registered land.

CCOs allow communities, families and individuals holding land under customary tenure on former
public land to obtain formal recognition of their rights, but have seldom been implemented due to
capacity constraints.

The District Land Boards (DLB), the office of the Recorder, the District land office and the Area Land
Committees (ALC) are responsible to issue CCOs and transmit the information to the National Land
Information Centre to record it in the integrated land repository.

• Leasehold: Leaseholds are created by law or contract. Leasehold is the only type of tenure available
for both citizens and non-citizens (for a period not exceeding ninety-nine years) and can be created
from any of the three tenure types above. Leaseholds are captured in the NLIS.

Applicants’ tenure security will vary depending on the nature of their rights and the local context. The
applicant’s right to use the land needs to be carefully assessed to avoid creating conflict or supporting land
grabbing.

If the Farmer does not have any land tenure documents then they can be provided with
a template document to fill out ready – See Appendix 4.

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5. Developing target areas within districts

This section outlines the process of assessing the target areas within each district for the Micro-scale
Irrigation Program.

Within each district there needs to be a preliminary assessment of what areas should be targeted based on
water availability for irrigation. This is to avoid the situation of the awareness raising campaign being
conducted in areas where there is already water stress due to many users, lack of water availability or
water quality issues.

This preliminary assessment should be led by the District Agricultural Officer (DAO) with assistance from
the Senior Agricultural Engineer (SAE) and include the District Water Officer (DWO). There should be
consultation with the Catchment Management Committee if there is one. Maps and data from the Ministry
of Water and Environment should be consulted.

This process should result in a list of sub counties that have High, Medium and Low priority for the Micro
Scale Irrigation Program.

The LG/LLG officers will need to engage with the Water Management Zones (WMZs), and, where they are
established, the Catchment Management Committees (CMCs). Guided by the groundwater and surface
water hydrologists and other water management officials, the District will need to obtain and review all of
the available information about water resource availability and water stress including: groundwater maps;
information regarding surface water; and Catchment Management Plans where these have been prepared.
The DWO will be a key person to be involved in setting up and guiding this process.

There are two main aims to work with the WMZ’s and CMCs:

• First is to identify the areas of high water stress in the District where irrigation development should
be avoided. This may be related to a river of sub-catchment system that is already fully allocated
and overstressed, or to groundwater reserves which are depleted, or where water quality is a
problem for irrigation.

• The second is to identify those areas which are likely to have the highest water resource potential
for irrigation development, both surface water (streams and rivers) and groundwater (suitable for
shallow wells with irrigable quality).

This process of identifying both high stress areas (to be avoided) and high potential areas (to be focused on)
will guide the rollout of the awareness raising effort. It will also help District and Sub-county staff explain to
farmers the risks they may face in getting water permits if they come from an area where there is high
water stress already. The Micro-scale Irrigation Program should be careful with applications for irrigation in
water stressed areas. Too many applicants in a water stressed area will only make the situation worse, and
may lead to farmers having their water permit applications rejected.

There are groundwater maps for each district showing stress and water quality. If the water to be used is
from a well or borehole then these maps should be checked.

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For surface water the information is not so readily available and the WMZ and CMC personnel will provide
guidance.

For example, maps and methodology for calculating irrigation requirement see Appendix 5.

At the end of water resource planning process the District team should have a map of the District with the
high stress areas (to be avoided) marked up and areas with low or no water stress (to be targeted). This
map should be shared with the teams who are rolling out the Program so they understand where water
stressed areas are and why they should be avoided and the high water availability areas that will be
targeted.

This map for targeting of the program should be sent to the Zonal water management office for their
information and feedback.

The target areas within districts will be identified in July -September

NOTE: Once the Farmer applications have been processed, the farmers will be provided with a printout of
the water permit application form by the District, which will be generated from the IrriTrack App. The
District team will then arrange for all the permit applications to be submitted to the WMZ, or the CMC
where they are established, for onward processing.

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6. The “IrriTrack” App

To support the implementation of the Micro-scale Irrigation Program an App has been developed called
IrriTrack.

This App is available on Google Play Store, there is only an Android version. Users have to have their
credentials entered into the system by the MAAIF central staff to be able to log in. Therefore, it is not open
for anyone to use.

The App is used to register farmers into the Micro-scale Irrigation Program and keeps all their relevant data
and the stage of application. It is also used to keep a record of awareness raising events.

The IrriTrack App currently has 12 modules that mostly align with the stages of the Micro-scale Irrigation
program:

1. Record awareness raising event

2. Record expression of interest
3. Prepare for farm visit
4. Carry out farm visit
5. Procurement
6. Post installation
7. Impact assessment
8. Upload land tenure document
9. Download registered farmers
10. Report grievances
11. Farmer field schools
12. System cost estimator

Linked to the IrriTrack App there is also a web based Management Information System (MIS) that provides
access to the farmer applications and summary data on the number of farmers registered, their gender,
what stage their application is at etc. This MIS can be logged into using the IrriTrack credentials at
http://microirrigation.agriculture.go.ug/Account/Login?ReturnUrl=%2F

The roles and access rights of different users of the App and MIS are shown in Appendix 6.

NOTE: There is an accompanying app called ‘IrriTrack Test’, also available on Google Play. This is a training
app, this app should be used to get used to how the IrriTrack app works. The IrriTrack Test app should be
used for learning purposes only as none of the data is stored in the Micro-irrigation program database.

7. Awareness raising
This section outlines the process of awareness raising in order to get Farmer to join the Micro-scale
Irrigation Program.

Relevant section of the IrriTrack App is called “RECORD AWARENESS RAISING EVENT”

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Farmer awareness raising will be based on a communication strategy and user-friendly communication
materials developed and issued by MAAIF. These include for example brochures outlining the costs and
benefits, guidelines, processes at different levels, timelines and processes for application, co-payment;
approval, role of the Farmer in the selection and supervision of suppliers.

The awareness raising will carefully consider its content and processes to ensure
women farmers are aware of the Micro-scale Irrigation Program and to commit
specific resources to targeting women headed households. Recording awareness
raising events in IrriTrack requires the number of men and women Farmers to be
reported separately.

MAAIF will provide Training of Trainers to LG in the:

1. grant guidelines,

2. technical guidelines, and

3. communication strategy, including methods for Farmer (men and women) awareness raising,
mobilization and to the LG staff and support from political leadership.

MAAIF will also conduct national level awareness raising activities for example publicity in the press and
electronic media.

The LG staff will disseminate the materials at LG and LLG level (sub-county, town councils) and parishes and
mobilize farmers in line with the national communication strategy.

LGs and LLGs will use the guidelines to sensitize Farmers (and in case of married male Farmers, their wife)
and will encourage and actively support women and youth to apply.

7.1. At central MAAIF level

The central MAAIF and district LG team will organize information sessions targeting District Commercial
Officers (DCOs), District Agriculture Officers (DAOs), and District Agricultural Engineers (DAEs), District
Procurement Officers (DPOs) and representatives of District farmer apex organizations.

The purpose of these meetings is to provide information about the available grants and the application
procedures. The team will also be taken through the farm and crop business plan assessment and the
evaluation and grant awarding process.

The central MAAIF will undertake media coverage in radio, newspapers, TV etc.

It is important in the awareness raising process that women farmers are specifically targeted, otherwise it is
likely that women will be underrepresented in this Program. A failure to include women will increase
inequity.

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When considering how awareness raising can reach women there are two main
points:

1. The media and approaches used should be designed to ensure that they will reach women. For
example, if radio, then consider time of day and which programs promote the information, i.e. women
generally have certain programs and time of day they listen

2. The message of the awareness raising should be such that it makes clear that women are welcome to
apply and are wanted in the Program. Messaging should include issues that address risk aversion of
women, highlight the types of benefit women will receive from micro-irrigation, and openly outline the
risks and requirements at future steps in program participation. Include women’s groups and women’s
activities for awareness raising. The messages should also be clear that women farmers are eligible to
apply for irrigation on their plot even if the husband has already applied to the Micro-scale Irrigation
Program to carry out irrigation on a different plot.

7.2. At district and sub-county level

This activity will be led by the DAO and SAE at the District level. At the sub-county level, it will be conducted
by the District and Sub-county AOs and have support from relevant officers.

The awareness raising should prioritize target areas (sub-counties) identified where
there is a plentiful water supply of good quality water.

The LG office will:

1. Develop a list of key farmers, farmer organisations, village councils and other local institutions, normal
agricultural and extension meetings, NGOs working in agriculture in the area. Special consideration will
be given to co-ordinating with:

a) existing related projects and NGOs in the District e.g. water resource development, irrigation

b) projects and NGOs that are focussed on women, in order to ensure that women farmers are as
equally aware of the program as men.

2. Visit these farmers, councils, organisations and attend any local meetings to sensitise people in the
district to the project. Also arrange targeted meetings to sensitise women and youth.

3. The key topics to cover are:

a) The need for irrigation in the local environment

b) What is irrigation

c) How yields and incomes can increase

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d) Explain the financing and purchasing process, especially the requirement for a co-payment

e) Ask key farmers, village heads etc. to discuss with their people and send contact details of
interested people to the LG staff.

There will be awareness raising material e.g. brochures available. All these elements are detailed in the
communication strategy.

Irrigation equipment suppliers can also play a key role in awareness raising and encouraging farmers to
submit Expression of Interest (EOI). The LG team should work in close collaboration with irrigation
equipment suppliers who have demonstration equipment/display that can be shown at meetings and can
arrange visits to local farmers who have already installed solar powered irrigation systems.

7.3.Irrigation demonstration sites

The concept of irrigated agriculture is still new, so farmers need a lot of sensitisation and training. In order
to raise awareness of the Micro Scale Irrigation Program and awareness of irrigation in general the MIP has
installed irrigation demonstration sites. In FY 2020/2021, 111 demonstration sites were established in the
40 Phase I districts These sites demonstrated drip , sprinkler , drag hose using solar or petrol energy
technologies.

The overall purpose of the demonstrations is awareness creation amongst farmers and also training of
farmers and key stakeholders. The criteria for selection of demonstration farmers are that they must have:

• Water source
• Agronomic experience
• Capacity to secure and maintain the system.
• Capacity to train other farmers.

And they must be:

• Willing to host
• Accessible
• A market oriented farmer

In future demonstrations will also be set up at seed schools and agricultural institutions. These
demonstration sites will also be part of the Farmer Field Schools approach.

The MOU template for a demonstration site between the farmer and District Local Government can be
found at Appendix 7.

The awareness creation activities will be carried out in July – September

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STAGE 2
This section covers Stage 2 as shown in Figure 10.

Figure 10 Stages of implementation (Stage 2 highlighted in blue)

Key stages of a Farmer Application in Stage 2 are highlighted below, Table 7.

Stage Level Description

2 ‘Interested’ Farmer Those Farmers who have submitted an expression of

interest and met basic self-assessed criteria

‘Eligible’ Farmer Those Farmers who have had a farm visit and have been
found to meet the eligibility criteria

3 ‘Approved Farmer’ Those Farmers who have made the co-payment, provided
documentary proof of their land tenure and signed an MOU
with the LG

‘Installation accepted’ Those Farmers who have had the irrigation equipment
Farmer installed and the LG and Farmer have verified the equipment
and installation is as per quotation and standards

‘Completed Farmer’ Those Farmers where the irrigation equipment supplier has
been paid by the LG and all paperwork is complete

Table 7 Stages of an application

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8. Recording Expressions of Interest (EOIs)

• Relevant section of the IrriTrack App is “RECORD EXPRESSION OF INTEREST”.

• Relevant Farmer Brochure is brochure number 1.

This section guides the receipt of Expressions of Interest (EOIs) from Farmers and checking their eligibility.

The steps are:

1. Farmer expresses interest

2. Farmer Expression of Interest (EOI) is recorded in the IrriTrack App

DECISION POINT 1. Does the Farmer meet basic criteria?

3. Create list of ‘Interested’ Farmers.

These are the boxes highlighted blue in the flowchart (Figure 11).

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Figure 11 Flowchart of process – boxes highlighted in blue

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This activity will be led by the DAO (focal point in each district) and be undertaken by the SAE, SAO, PAO
and sub-county AOs.

To get serious expressions of interest (EOIs):

• During the awareness raising events, the LG needs to explain the terms clearly, especially that the
Farmer needs to make a co-payment

• The quality of awareness raising is important to create genuine interest, therefore the information
provided in awareness raising needs to cover the points discussed above.

The EOIs should be recorded directly into the IrriTrack App. Only in cases in which there is no possibility to
enter the EOI in IrriTrack App, the EOI can be recorded in paper form (for example, using the form available
in the Brochure for farmers, Part 1), and the LG officer will need to transfer the EOI in IrriTrack App as soon
as possible and anyway within 48 hours. This timely transcription is key for the transparency of the Program
as the treatment of the EOI will be done on a first come, first served basis. When the EOI is entered into
the App the applicant will be given a Farmer Unique ID. The Farmer Unique ID will be sequential and
therefore will be evaluated in the order of lowest to highest. This Farmer Unique ID will be used to track
the applicants’ progress through the entire process.

EOIs can be taken at meetings, at villages or through phone calls. Applicants can also send SMS messages,
WhatsApp or email their interest to the sub-county AO and then the sub-county AO will make a follow up
phone call or visit to complete the EOI form.

The information that will be collected for each EOI will be:

General information:

1. Date of expression of interest*

2. Name*

3. Date of birth (Farmer must be over eighteen (18) years of age) *

4. Gender*

5. National identification number or refugee registration number*

6. Phone number*

7. Name of wife if there is one

8. Phone number of wife

9. Address of applicant*

* mandatory items

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In case of a married male farmer, the LG official should strongly encourage the Farmer
to provide the name and contact number of the wife. This will allow the Program to
engage effectively with women in the household, notably at the stage of the farm visit
and for training opportunities.

Criteria to assess the suitability of the application must also be collected. The criteria are:

1. Does the Farmer* have land available to use for irrigation for the next 12 months,
YES/NO
of up to 2.5 Acres?

2. Is there water supply within 700m of the land to be irrigated? YES/NO

3. Is the Farmer willing to make a co-payment for the irrigation equipment? YES/NO

4. Is the Farmer willing to engage in market orientated agriculture? YES/NO

5. Has the Farmer already applied for support from the Micro-scale Irrigation
YES/NO
Program?
*The Farmer must be over 18 years of age

These suitability criteria are self-assessed by the farmer. Therefore, the response of the farmer is accepted.
A site visit later will confirm if the Farmer meets these criteria.

When Points 1-4 are responded to as “YES” and point 5 as “NO” then the Expression of Interest (EOI) is
accepted. Confirmation of a negative point 5 will require that the details of the Farmer are checked against
the database for the Micro-scale Irrigation Program. This will be done automatically by the IrriTrack App.
Note that a woman farmer is eligible to the Program even if the husband has applied to the Micro-scale
Irrigation Program to carry out irrigation on a different plot for which the woman is applying.

EOIs should be input directly to the IrriTrack App.

Timing: Expressions of Interest (EOIs) can be deposited from May – October

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EOI acceptance
The EOI will be checked automatically by the IrriTrack App.

DECISION POINT 1: Does the Farmer meet the criteria?

That is, does the Farmer meet the above criteria?

Yes: then the Farmer is accepted and the Farmer will be entered on the
‘Interested list”

No: explain the reasons the Farmer cannot be accepted so that they understand.
They can resubmit their Expression of Interest if their situation changes.

After “Decision point 1” the Farmer needs to be informed of their status of their EOI. The IrriTrack App will
send a SMS message to the Farmer (and to his wife in case of a male applicant, if telephone number of the
wife is provided) informing them if their application has been accepted or not. If the Farmer does not have
a phone, then the Sub-county AO will have to contact the Farmer personally.

The Expressions of Interest will be processed on “first come, first served” basis. Therefore, recording the
EOI in IrriTrack rather than in paper form is particularly important.

The Farmer status is recorded in the IrriTrack App on the “Interested” list. The order of Farmers on the list
cannot be changed.

EOIs are collected from May onwards

Output from EOI process

At the end of the EOI process:

1. Each Farmer will have a Farmer Unique ID number

2. The date of acceptance is recorded in an “Interested Farmer” list.

3. An “Interested” list of Farmers is created

There should be many more interested farmers than expected funds available, this is due to:

• Farmers dropping out due to their site conditions

• Tenure challenges emerging during the site visit

• Inability to make co-payment or lack of a good crop production and marketing plan.

When an EOI is collected from a farmer they should be given the brochure “Preparing for a farm visit”. If
they do not have any land tenure documents then they can be provided with a template document to fill
out ready – see Appendix 4.

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9. Assessing suitability by farm visit

This section outlines the process of undertaking a farm visit to collect the key information to assess site
location and crop business plan. This information is used to request a quotation from irrigation equipment
suppliers.

The key steps for site assessment are:

1. Prepare for farm visit

2. Undertake farm visits to Interested Farmer (in case of a male Farmer, also with the presence of the
wife) to assess site and crop business plan

KEY POINT 2. Is interested Farmer eligible?

3. Create list of ‘Eligible’ Farmers.

These are boxes highlighted in blue on flowchart below (Figure 12).

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Figure 12 Flowchart of process (boxes highlighted in blue)

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There are four aspects to determine the suitability of the interested Farmer:

1. Secure access to land is verified

2. The physical characteristics of the farm and water supply are suitable

3. The crop production and marketing plan are suitable

The above aspects will be assessed in detail by conducting a visit to the farm to discuss the Expression of
Interest with the Farmer, and to survey the land area and water source.

A visit to the farm by the LG/LLG staff is mandatory, only by going to the farm can the
true situation be assessed.

In case of a married male Farmer, it is key to ensure the participation of the wife
throughout the whole duration of the Farm visit, encourage the wife to speak up,
voice her questions and concerns, and ensure that by the end of the farm visit both
husband and wife are in agreement on the way forward.

The preparatory steps prior to the field visit are outlined below.

9.1. Preparing for the farm visit

• Relevant section of the IrriTrack App is called “PREPARATION FOR FARM VISITS”

• Relevant Farmer Brochure is brochure number 2.

Once the EOI is accepted and before the field visit, there are two main tasks in preparing for the farm visit:

A) Make contact with the Farmer by telephone to arrange the visit and get more information on the
application.

B) Make an initial risk assessment on the Farmer’s access to land for the next 12 months.

Contact the Farmer by telephone will seek to clarify the following points:

1. The location of the land. This may be different to the address that was given in the EOI. Try to get as
accurate a location as possible.

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2. Is the land they are considering using in a wetland (swamp), forest, park or other protected land? If it is
then irrigation there is illegal and the application cannot proceed. However, the Farmer may have
another piece of land that is suitable, need to check. (Appendix 8)

3. Is the land within 100m of a scheduled river or 30m of a non-scheduled river? If it is then irrigation
there is illegal and the application cannot proceed. However, the Farmer may have another piece of
land that is suitable, need to check. (Appendix 8)

4. Is the land within 200m of a scheduled lake or 100m of a non-scheduled lake? If it is then irrigation
there is illegal and the application cannot proceed. However, the Farmer may have another piece of
land that is suitable, need to check. (Appendix 8)

5. Is the proposed land in an urban area? If YES, then ask if farming is allowed there and will be the land
be available for 12 months.

6. Is the proposed land in an area designated for urban expansion or other development? If YES, then ask
if farming is allowed there and will be the land be available for 12 months.

7. What is the water source that they propose to use, is it surface water or groundwater?

8. What is the estimated distance from the water source to the proposed site to be irrigated?

9. Land tenure:

a) Is the Farmer the owner of the land? Do they have any verifying document? What type? If they
do not have a document, then they need to get a letter verifying ownership of the land from
the Sub-county chief or LC1 (template document in Appendix 4). It is preferable if the Farmer
can have the document ready by the time of the farm visit. The document needs to be
submitted by the time they accept a quotation for the irrigation equipment, and it represents a
prerequisite for the signature of the Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between the
Farmer and the LG.

b) Is the Farmer using/renting the land? Who is the owner? Do they have any document showing
that they are renting or allowed to use that land? If they do not have a document, then they
need to get a letter verifying that they are allowed to use the land from the Sub-county chief or
LC1 (template document in Appendix 4). It is preferable if the Farmer can have the document
ready by the time of the farm visit. The document needs to be submitted by the time they
accept a quotation for the irrigation equipment, and it represents a prerequisite for the
signature of the Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between the Farmer and the LG.

10. Is the Farmer willing to make a co-payment for the equipment? The Farmer will have to make a co-
payment of the cost of the equipment. The amount of the co-payment will depend upon the area to be
irrigated (2.5 acres maximum), distance to the water source, elevation differences and irrigation type,
and so is hard to define. The farmer co-payment may be between 2 and 26 million Shillings per acre
depending on farm situation and the irrigation equipment. See Table 8 and Table 9 for example costs.
The approximate costs for an individual farmer will be calculated during the farm visit using the ‘Carry
out farm visit’ module of the IrriTrack App.

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Farmer and Government contributions (1 Acre) – Million Shillings

Farmer Government
Petrol Solar Petrol Solar
Hosepipe 3–5 2 – 11 1-2 7-7
Sprinkler 3–5 3 – 16 1-2 7-7
Drip 9 - 15 10 – 26 2-2 7-7
Rain gun 2–3 N/A 1–1 N/A
Table 8 Example range of farmer and Government contributions for 1 acre. Actual amounts will depend on local factors

Farmer and Government contributions ( 2 Acres) – Million Shillings

Farmer Government
Petrol Solar Petrol Solar
Hosepipe 4–6 3 - 13 2–2 10 – 14
Sprinkler 5–8 4 – 17 2–3 12 – 14
Drip 17 – 26 16 – 37 4–4 14 - 14
Rain gun 3–4 N/A 2–2 N/A
Table 9 Example range of farmer and Government contributions for 2 acres. Actual amounts will depend on local factors

11. Set a date and time for the farm visit.

12. In case of a married male Farmer, the officer should ensure that the wife will be there for the whole
duration of the farm visit. Explain to the Farmer that it is particularly important that the wife will be
there as they need to understand and support this investment too. Therefore, ensure that the timing of
the visit is convenient for the wife considering other duties such as child caring. Encourage them to
make arrangements for child care so that the wife can be present.

The above data will be entered directly into the IrriTrack App. On completing this section, the App will
automatically send a SMS message to the Farmer (and in case of a married male farmer, also to the wife)
indicating the date and time of the visit.

Having completed the above data collection, the LG/LLG officers need to make a preparatory assessment
of:

a) Water source

b) Land tenure.

Preparatory assessment of water source

The LG/LLG officers will need to consult either groundwater maps or information regarding surface water
such as catchment management plans. They should also consult with the DWO.

The aim of consulting these documents is to assess whether the locality is already under water availability
stress. The Micro-scale Irrigation Program should be careful with applications for irrigation in water
stressed areas. More irrigation may make the situation worse. However, there may still be opportunities
for micro-irrigation within water stressed areas.

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There are groundwater maps for each district showing stress and water quality. If the water to be used is
from a well or borehole then these maps should be checked. If the locality is shown to have groundwater
stress or poor-quality water, then the Staff should be very cautious when assessing the water source in the
field.

For surface water the information is not so easily available. In some areas there are Catchment
management plans that be consulted (See Appendix 5).

Preparatory assessment of land tenure

The LG/LLG officers need to assess land-related risks. The district land office should be consulted in this
process. Based upon the preparatory phone call there will be knowledge of where the land is located and
what type of tenure, owner or user, and whether they have any documentation. The risk analysis can follow
Table 10 and Table 11.

Land location
The location of the land proposed to be used by the Farmer may have some use risks associated with it,
such as: irrigation is not allowed on that land class (Appendix 8), that land will soon be taken over for
development, that locality has a history of land grabbing or conflict over land.

These factors may affect the ability of the Farmer to use that land. For the Micro-scale Irrigation Program, it
is required to ensure that the Farmer can use the land for at least 12 months.

Question Response

NO Yes

Risk level

Low (suitable) Medium High

Is the land in a protected area, Confirm during farm - Not eligible

wetland (swamp) area, etc.? visit

Is the land in an urban area? Confirm during farm - Consult Planning

visit Officer for allowed
land use in that locality

Is the land in an area designated Confirm during farm Consult Planning -

for urban expansion or other visit Officer for allowed
development? destination of use

Is this a locality with a history of Confirm during farm Discuss risks during -
land conflicts? visit farm visit

Have there been episodes of land Confirm during farm Discuss risks during -
grabbing in this locality? visit farm visit

Table 10 Land location risk assessment

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Entitlement to use the land

Applicants’ tenure security will vary depending on the nature of their rights and the local context. The
applicant’s right to use the land needs to be carefully assessed to avoid creating conflict or supporting land
grabbing. The current level of risk associated with the type of tenure can be assessed using Table 11 below:

Applicant Description Risk

Owner Owners of registered land (freeholds, leaseholds, Mailo and CCOs) Low

Owner Owners of customary land inherited without a title (tenure security is generally Low
strong within community but may be weaker if confronted with external actors)

User Users with formal agreements (Bibanja or lease holders on customary land) Low

User Users with written agreement with owner (seasonal/long-term rentals, bona-fide Medium
occupants)

User Users with oral agreement with owner (family/clan members, seasonal occupant) Medium

User Users without a verbal agreement with the owner (absentee or unknown High
landowner)

Table 11 Land tenure risk assessment

To reduce the level of risk all the categories will need to get a document supporting their right to use the
land. If they do not have a document, then they need to get a letter verifying that they are allowed to use
the land from the Sub-county chief or LC1. If they have no document then they can use the template
provided in Appendix 4.

It is preferable if the Farmer can have the document ready by the time of the farm visit. The document
needs to be submitted by the time they accept a quotation for the irrigation equipment, and it is a pre-
requisite for the signature of the Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between the farmer and the LG.
The document that is provided needs to be checked as outlined below.

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Checking land tenure documents

Relevant section of the IrriTrack App is called “UPLOAD LAND TENURE DOCUMENT”

When documents are provided to LG staff before, during or after the site visit, they must be
checked for authenticity following Table 12.

Response
Type of document Check required YES NO
Action required
1. Titles - Freehold a) Is the applicant’s name Contact Zonal Land office
2. Customary Certificate on the title? and verify in the NLIS
of Ownership (CCO) b) If there are other co-
Follow-up during visit, refer
3. Bibanja owners, have they signed
If the answer to local leadership for
the application /letter of
to all 3 checks verification of ownership
consent?
is YES, then
c) Are the documents valid? upload photo
(Names and dates are of document
verified, serial numbers and If documents are forged -
other identifiers are in NON ELIGIBLE
place, names on signatures
correspond, etc.)
4. Sub-County Chief/ LC1 If documents are forged -
letter verifying NON ELIGIBLE
ownership Are the names/ biodata of
5. Rental or lease the applicant, owner, Sub- If documents are not
Upload photo
agreement County Chief/ LC1 correct? complete /fully accurate,
6. Letter from the owner refer to local leadership for
countersigned by Sub- verification and follow-up
County Chief or LC1 during visit
Table 12 Checks for validity of land tenure documents

If the document appears to be genuine, then it should be photographed and uploaded into the
IrriTrack App “Upload land tenure document” module.

If after the process of checking land location and land tenure there are still remaining concerns,
then the District Land Officer should be invited to join the farm visit.

As land is an extremely sensitive topic it must be handled with care. Therefore, the community
and the community leadership needs to be made aware of the Micro-scale Irrigation Program and its
objectives.

Timing: Preparing for a farm visit will be undertaken from July – December

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9.2. The farm visit

• Relevant section of the IrriTrack App is called “CARRY OUT FARM VISIT”.

• Relevant Farmer Brochures are brochures number 2, 3 and 4.

A visit to the farm by the LG and LLG staff is mandatory, only by going to the farm can the true situation be
assessed.

Who does it and what to take?

Who visits the farm?

At least two LG staff, preferably one man and one woman, with expertise in agronomy, irrigation
engineering and farm crop business planning will undertake the farm visit. These staff may be SAE, SAO,
DAO and AOs. However, only those who have completed the Micro-scale Irrigation Program training are to
undertake site visits. Where possible an SAE, SAO, DAO or WO will accompany the AOs. The DEO may also
accompany the team where there are specific environmental or social concerns. The DEO role and the
environmental and social screening are covered in more detail in chapter 10.

In case of a married male Farmer, wife should be present during the farm visit. If the
wife is not present, then the LG officer should strongly encourage rescheduling the
farm visit.

Things to take:

Prepare the materials LG staff should take to the farm visit:

a. Phone or tablet with IrriTrack.

Note: Preserve your battery! All memory intensive apps (for example Facebook) need to be
closed prior to using the IrriTrack App. Better to have only IrriTrack App open during the farm
visit. At the beginning of the farm visit, LG staff should disable their data connection when
capturing farm visit information. Internet is ONLY needed when uploading photos and
reviewing farm visits.

b. Field measurement tools: Hand sight level or builders’ level and tape measure. If available, also
sight staff and soil auger or shovel.

c. Farmer brochure number 2 regarding the farm and equipment. This will be left with the
Farmer.

d. Farmer brochure number 3 that guides the selection of the irrigation equipment

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e. Farmer brochure number 4 that shows the next steps following the farm visit. This will be left
with the Farmer. In case of a married male Farmer, a second copy of the brochure needs to be
left with the wife.

f. “Agreement to proceed for quotation” form that will be filled out and signed

g. Template letters for Land Tenure that can be left with the Farmer to be filled out.

Starting the assessment

Start by introducing yourselves and explain the purpose of your visit.

Then ask why the Farmer (and in case of a married male Farmer, the wife) are interested in irrigation and
what their vision for their farm and family is. Find out what difficulties do they face in their farming. Discuss
how irrigation may help with addressing the difficulties identified and vision outlined.

Take pictures of the farmer and wide and upload to the IrriTrack App.

Give the Farmer Brochure number 2 to the farmer and read it together with the farmer, this will ensure
that the farmer understands about the program.

Land location
Use IrriTrack “Carry out farm visit” submodule 1. “Farmer & Land”.

• Check that the land referred to is the same as was entered for the “Prepare farm visit”. If it is a
different piece of land then enter the location of the new piece of land into the App.
• Check that the land meets the environmental requirements as was discussed in the “Prepare for farm
visit”, refer to Appendix 8) for constraints to land use.

Land tenure
The purpose of the land tenure discussion during the field visit is:

1. Discuss with Farmer (and in case of a married male farmer, also with the wife) and verify the land
ownership and current use to verify the application information. If they declare to be co-owners, the
information should be up-dated on the application. Discuss with the Farmer (and in case of a married
male farmer, also with the wife) their level of tenure security and the need to get appropriate letters. If
they have documents check them using the documents module in the IrriTrack App.

2. Assess the existence of on-farm primary or secondary right holders who have not been consulted
resulting in their possible dispossession of rights. If during the visit it becomes apparent that other
individuals hold primary or secondary rights over the land and they have not been included in the
application, it is necessary that the application (using IrriTrack App) be amended including those names
before proceeding further.

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3. Check if there is a history of land conflict or land grabbing in the area, verify with the Farmer (and in
case of a married male farmer, also with the wife) and their neighbours whether it applies to the
applicant’s land. Should there be an open conflict over ownership or access to the land, it is advisable
to declare the applicant not eligible.

4. Check if there are any access issues if the pump and supply pipe are to be located on neighbouring
farms or common land.

There are a number of “red warning flags” to look out for in terms of land tenure. These are things that the
Staff should be aware of that may affect the land use. If they see any of the red flags they should note them
down and make sure to clarify them. Some of the red flags are shown in the Table 13 below

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Red Flag What to do?

A part of the land proposed for Ask the farmer who is currently cultivating that separate
irrigation is separate and cultivated area and what will happen when irrigation is in place. The
differently from the rest. smaller plot may be cultivated by a widow or vulnerable
individual who depends on it for food security and
livelihoods. The smaller plot farmer should be identified to
ensure they are in agreement.

There is a house on the plot with Ask the farmer who are the women in the house and, if
adult women in it, yet the women in appropriate, encourage him to involve them in them in the
the house are not participating in the discussion.
visit

There is a beaten path cutting across Ask the farmer who uses that path and ensure that it is not
the farmer’s plot leading to one or included in the area to be irrigated and that the rights of
more homesteads passage are maintained

There is a beaten path cutting across Ask the farmer who uses that path and whether it is
the farmer’s plot leading to a difficult currently used for cattle and ensure that it is not included in
to reach water source the area to be irrigated and that the rights of access to the
water are maintained

The plot is currently used for Ask the farmer / wife / and other family members present
cultivation of the household’s staple how they are going to divide the profits and explain that
food, yet the farmer is indicating he there may be a risk to undermine food security in case the
intends to use the irrigated plot food needs of the entire family are not prioritized as an
exclusively for commercial expenditure.
agriculture.

Table 13 Checking for ‘red flags’ regarding land tenure

These are just some illustrative examples of situations that should call the Staff attention and that must be
addressed during the visit in order to reduce tenure risks. Should a conflict emerge, the Staff can call upon
community leaders, neighbours and LC1 or Area Land Committee members to help clarify the issue. They
should not underestimate the negative impact that an unresolved tenure issue may have on the
implementation timelines, the farmer’s chances of success, and the overall the up-take and reputation of
the Micro Scale Irrigation program.

Remember to discuss whether the pump and supply pipeline will be outside of their land. If it will b, then
do they have permission to use the other person(s) property for the pump or pipe? If so make sure to add
this in the comments and provide name and telephone number of owner, or indicate it is customary or
other right. If they don’t have permission to use the other person(s) land yet then they must get permission
and provide the name and telephone number of the owner at a later date. This must be before the signing
of the contract.

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Following the discussion then the following questions can be answered and responses entered into the
IrriTrack App:

1. Is the farmer the owner of the land? YES/NO

If YES: Name of all the owners: (1,2,3…. Etc.)

2. The farmer is the user of the land, but not the owner? YES/NO

If YES: Who is the owner? – Name, Phone number, Address

3. Are there other people with rights over this land? YES/NO e.g. the owner of the land if the Farmer is a
user/renter

If YES: Name, address and telephone number

4. Is there any history of land conflict in this area? YES/NO

If YES: Provide a brief history of the conflict

5. Does the farmer have a verifying document?

If YES: Take a photograph and upload it in to the IrriTrack App. If not ask the farmer to provide it before
the time of signing and MOU. If there is no document then provide the Farmer with the template LC1
letter for them to get completed.

A photograph of the verifying document – if available - is taken and uploaded to

IrriTrack App. Use the “Upload land tenure document” module.

If the Farmer does not have the relevant land tenure documents ready, then the
application can still proceed but the land tenure document will need to be ready and
photograph uploaded into IrriTrack App prior to the signature of the MOU with the LG.

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Farm data
Use IrriTrack “Carry out farm visit” submodule 2a. “Irrigation Site”.

The farm data to be collected using the IrriTrack App are:

a. The area of the whole farm. This can be an estimate based on the Farmer’s knowledge.

b. The area of the land identified for irrigation. Note maximum area = 2.5 acres.

i. What is the area of the land? The area needs to be first assessed manually and then
using the IrriTrack App, See Appendix 10. Using the IrriTrack App will geolocate the
area planned to be irrigated, the water source using tracking in the IrriTrack app. See
Appendix 12. NOTE: The manual assessment of the area of land is what will be used to
make the cost calculations so ensure it is correct.

ii. Take pictures of the land to be irrigated from the North, East, South and West.

c. Is the soil suitable? The soil texture (if sand not suitable) and depth (needs to be more than
900mm deep), See Appendix 11

d. Slope of the site? Is there erosion risk?

e. Are there signs of shallow watertable, poor drainage or soil salinity?

f. Crops to be grown – Note: Tobacco or illegal substances are not allowed

g. Does the land comply with buffer zones for rivers and lakes? See The National Environment
Regulations, Appendix 8

h. Is not within a wetland (swamp). See The National Environment Regulations, Appendix 8

Use IrriTrack “Carry out farm visit” submodule 2b. “Water Resource”.

i. Identify the water source – type (stream, river, pond, well) NOTE: Cannot extract water from a
wetland (see The National Environment Regulations, Appendix 8).

j. If groundwater, then compare with District level groundwater map to check if this is a stressed
area or any water quality constraints.

k. Simple assessment of the water resource (Details of methods to answer these questions are in
Appendix 12):

i. Who are the other users and uses of this water source?

ii. How reliable is that water source – does it dry up? Any water sharing conflicts?

iii. Volume? – either as a flow rate in a stream or the volume of a pond/wetland

iv. If it is used for irrigation will this affect other uses/users?

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v. If it is a well, can the well deliver enough water? What will be the effect on other users
e.g. domestic, stock?

vi. What is the quality of the water? – clean, muddy, full of sticks/leaves/weeds, algae
growing. Is the water ‘hard’ or saline? Will a pump get clogged; will the
drippers/sprinklers get clogged?

vii. Take two pictures of the water source from two angles

l. Assess the location of the water source and the route of the water pipe from source to
irrigation field.

i. Where will the pump be located? Consider security issues for women accessing the
pump

ii. Will the route cross land not owned by the farmer?

iii. Are there agreements to cross the land?

m. Measure distance from the water source to fields. This needs to be done manually and using
tracking in the IrriTrack App See Appendix 12. NOTE: The manual assessment of the distance is
what will be used to make the cost calculations so ensure it is correct.

n. Is the water source above or below the field? In Figure 13 below the water source is BELOW the
field to be irrigated, and the pump is ABOVE the water source. The vertical height is the height
difference between the field and the pump location. This height cannot be more than 40m.

Figure 13 Water source below the field, and pump above the water source

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In Figure 14 the water source is ABOVE the field to be irrigated, and the pump is ABOVE the
water source. The vertical height is the height difference between the field and the pump
location. There is no limit to the vertical height difference when the water is ABOVE the field.

Figure 14 Water source above the field, and pump above the water source

In Figure 15 below the pump is ABOVE the water source. The vertical height is the height
difference between the pump and the water. This height cannot be more than 6m.

Figure 15 Surface pump above the water source

If a submersible pump is used, say in a borehole or well, then the pump location to field vertical
height is still measured the same way as before, as shown in Figure 16.

Figure 16 Use of a submersible pump in a borehole

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For a submersible pump, the water source is ABOVE the pump. The vertical the height
difference to be measured is between the WATER and the land SURFACE, Figure 17

Figure 17 Submersible pump and water level to land height difference

o. The method to measure the vertical height from the water source to fields is described in
Appendix 13.

p. Measure the vertical height of the water below (or above) the point where the pump will be
sited. For a surface pump the water must not be more than 6m below the pump.

Farm crop business plan

Use IrriTrack “Carry out farm visit” submodule 3a. “Crops”.

Shifting from rainfed agriculture to irrigated agriculture has a major impact on the agricultural system and
farmers’ lives. It allows cultivating during the dry season, often enabling a whole new production cycle. It
also enables farmers to produce more water demanding crops or crops that are more vulnerable to water
shortages and produce outside of the standard season when the market values are higher. The same
applies for improved irrigation technologies in existing irrigated areas as it allows for increase of water
quantity and the reliability of water availability.

Therefore, it is important to analyse what impacts (financial and labour for the man and wife) the planned
irrigation system will have. This should be done by understanding the existing production system the
potential changes in crop types marketing.

The following points needs to be discussed with the Farmer (and if a married male farmer, also with wife):

a. What three main crops do they want to irrigate? (Not tobacco)

b. What area will they grow of each of these three crops? (must add up to the area of land
measured for irrigation).

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c. Who will do the labour on these crops? Husband, wife, children (>14 years), paid labourers?
Take note if the wife or children will have to do all the labour. Discuss the sharing of labour to
ensure that the wife and/or children are not overburdened.

d. What proportion of these crops will they sell or consume? Note that the Farmer should be
aiming to sell at least 50% of their production in order to pay for the equipment.

e. How will they sell the crop? From home, local market, off taker, out-grower supply chain?

f. How much do they expect sell the crop for?

g. Who will control the income from these crops? Husband, wife or both?

The irrigation system

Use IrriTrack “Carry out farm visit” submodule 3. “Irrigation system”.

Use the Farmer Brochure number 3.

To help the Farmer (and wife if a married male farmer) choose the irrigation system and understand the
costs use Farmer Brochure number 3.

a. What type of pump is required? Is it a surface pump or a submersible pump?

i. Note that submersible pumps are more expensive (about 25% more) than surface
pumps, so they should only be selected where the water source is a borehole or
well, or in another exceptional case where a submersible pump is required.

ii. Note that submersible pumps need clean water only, so very dirty water or sticks
and leaves etc is not suitable water for a submersible pump.

iii. Note that when a submersible pump is required then the program assumes that it
will be solar powered.

b. For a surface pump find out if the farmer wants solar or petrol? LG staff to discuss the
advantages of disadvantages, including cost, of both.

c. What type of irrigation system do they want? The choice is limited to i) hosepipe, ii) sprinkler,
iii) drip and rain gun. As there will not be detailed designs the types of sprinklers, drip system
and rain gun will be left with the irrigation equipment suppliers to provide what that they think
most suitable. The LG staff will need to discuss the overall advantages and disadvantages,
including costs, of each.

d. Consider if there will be secondary water demands for the system – domestic, livestock, kitchen
garden? This is especially important especially for women who have the burden of water
collection and growing food for the home. Please note that the primary use is always to be for
irrigation.

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e. Whether a water tank is required? The choice is for none, 5,000L, 10,000L or 20,000L. Note that
these size tanks will store 1 day of peak irrigation demand (5mm/day) for 0.25, 0.5 and 1 acre
respectively.

f. Having made the selections the IrriTrack App will calculate the approximate cost. It will also
provide a range of values with the lower range being 15% less than the approximate cost and
the upper range being 20% more than the approximate cost. This is intended to communicate
to the farmer that the cost and therefore their co-payment will be within a range, that the
IrriTrack App and the Staff cannot give an exact cost. The Farmer and Government co-payments
are also calculated by the IrriTrack App.

g. If the Farmer thinks that they cannot afford the calculated co-payment then the LG Staff can
change the equipment selections to lower the cost e.g. no tank, use hosepipe, petrol pump. It
may also be necessary to reduce the area to be irrigated. This will require returning to
Submodule 2 to change the area of the land to be irrigated.

Table 14 and Table 15 below provide some approximations of costs:

Farmer and Government contributions (1 Acre) – Million Shillings

Farmer Government
Petrol Solar Petrol Solar
Hosepipe 3–5 2 – 11 1-2 7-7
Sprinkler 3–5 3 – 16 1-2 7-7
Drip 9 - 15 10 – 26 2-2 7-7
Rain gun 2–3 N/A 1–1 N/A
Table 14 Example range of farmer and Government contributions for 1 acre. Actual amounts will depend on local factors

Farmer and Government contributions ( 2 Acres) – Million Shillings

Farmer Government
Petrol Solar Petrol Solar
Hosepipe 4–6 3 - 13 2–2 10 – 14
Sprinkler 5–8 4 – 17 2–3 12 – 14
Drip 17 – 26 16 – 37 4–4 14 - 14
Rain gun 3–4 N/A 2–2 N/A
Table 15 Example range of farmer and Government contributions for 2 acres. Actual amounts will depend on local factors

MORE DETAIL ABOUT HOW COSTS ARE CALCULATED CAN BE FOUND IN APPENDIX 14.

Farmer co-payments and loans

After choosing equipment and a discussing costs the next topic relates to the Farmer co-payment, whether
they have their own money to pay it or whether they need to seek a loan.

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The LG Staff will need to discuss with the Farmer their willingness and ability to make co-payment? Do they
have savings they can invest? Are they willing to take a loan.

The following questions need to be asked, these are in the IrriTrack App:

• “Is the Farmer willing to make a co-payment in this range?” If the Farmer is not willing, then the
cost of the system can be reduced by changing the equipment selections and changing the area. If
however, the Farmer is still not willing then the application cannot proceed. The application can be
saved in IrriTrack after responding ‘No’ to the final question in Submodule 3 “Does the Farmer want
to proceed to quotation stage using the data collected here?” After answering ‘No’ there is space to
enter comments.
• Does the Farmer have money available to make a co-payment within this range?”. If the answer is
‘Yes’ the IrriTrack App will proceed to the last question and the application can be completed. If the
answer is ‘No’ then the question “Is the Farmer willing to answer additional questions to assess
their credit worthiness and for their information to be shared with financial institutions that may be
able to offer them a loan?”. If the Farmer answers “Yes” then there is a series of questions that
help to assess their financial situation.
• It should be explained to the Farmer that the Micro-scale Irrigation Program has been in contact
with financial institutions to assist Farmers with getting loans.

IMPORTANT TO EMPHASISE TO THE FARMER:

1. The Irritrack App costing is only an estimate! The final cost will be known after
quotation
2. The farmer must make a co-payment. The co-payment must be paid in full. There is no
opportunity for instalments. Therefore, if necessary the farmer may arrange a loan for
themselves to make the payment.
3. There is no possibility of changing systems after the farm visit stage, no possibility of
changing assessed field/site.

9.3. Completing the farm visit

Use IrriTrack “Review visits, Photos and Sign off” submodule in the “Farm visit module”.

After collecting all the data and completing all the fields of the IrriTrack App the application is then finalised
by filling out an ‘Agreement to proceed for quotation’ form (see Appendix 15). Both the LG staff and the
Farmer sign the Agreement. In case of a married male farmer, also the wife signs as a witness. Note that
this form also allows the farmer to have their details sent to financing institutions if they desire.

Also the Farmer Brochure number 3 is completed and photographed and uploaded. Pictures of the land to
be irrigated and pictures of the Water Resource are also uploaded. When all the photographs are uploaded
the ‘Carry Out Farm Visit’ section of the Irritrack App is complete.

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At the end of the farm visit the Farmer receives a package which includes a brochure (Brochure for farmer,
Part 4) of the next steps. In case of a married male farmer, a second copy is left with the wife.

At this time the Farmer may still not have provided the land title deeds or a suitable letter, they should be
asked to provide or fill out the template document in Appendix 4.

Upload Photos

In the ‘Review visits, Photos and Sign off’ you need to ensure that all the photos are uploaded
using the ‘Upload Photos’ submodule. You need to upload of photos of:

1. The ‘Agreement to proceed for quotation’

2. Completed farmer brochure number 3
3. The land to be irrigated
4. The water resource

The farm visits will be conducted from July - December.

Summary of Suitability criteria:

1. Is there secure access to land? YES

2. Is the land suitable (soil, slope, drainage)? YES

3. Is the water source suitable? YES

4. Is the water source within 700m of the field? YES

5. Is the head difference between water source and field within limits? YES

6. Does the Farmer crop production and marketing plan appear reasonable? YES

7. Can the Farmer arrange co-payment, either through own funds or through loan? YES

8. Has an “Agreement to proceed for quotation” form been signed and uploaded to
YES
IrriTrack App?

DECISION POINT 2: Does the application meet the above suitability criteria?

Yes: then the Farmer is “Eligible” and will be updated by the IrriTrack App onto
the ‘Eligible” Farmer list

No: explain the reasons the Farmer are ineligible, they may resubmit later.

The application approval happens via the IrriTrack App.

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After “Decision point 2”, the Farmer need to be informed of their status of their application. The IrriTrack
App will send a SMS message to the Farmer (and in case of a married male farmer, also to the wife).

The Farmer status is automatically recorded in the IrriTrack App on the “Eligible” Farmer list. The order of
Farmers on the list cannot be changed.

Once the application is “Eligible”, the Farmer (and in case of a married male farmer, also the wife) will be
provided with a printout of the water permit application form by the District, which will be generated from
the IrriTrack App. The District team will then arrange for all of the permit applications to be submitted to
the WMZ, or the CMC where they are established, for onward processing (Appendix 16).

Output from farm site assessment

As a result of the above process the Micro-scale Irrigation Program will now have the following data
(information):

1. A list of “Eligible” farmers

2. Farm data to provide to suppliers for quotations

3. The irrigation system configurations the Farmer wants

4. If the farmer has funds for co-payment of needs a loan

5. Notification of the District Water Officer and Catchment management committee (if exists) of the
potential water extraction. Location, type (surface/groundwater) and volume

6. Water Permit application submitted to the MWZ and/or CMC.

10. Environmental and social screening at the farm level

For each applicant to the Micro-scale Irrigation Program, an environmental and social screening will be
required. The environmental and social screening will be led by the Environmental Officer at District level.

As a default, the environmental and social screening will be as a desk review based on the data collected
during the farm visit by the DAO, SAE, and Extension Officers. Following the farm visit, the IrriTrack App will
automatically generate an Environmental and social screening output sheet, which will be accessible to the
District Environmental Officer and to the Social Officer through the Micro-scale Irrigation Program MIS. The
Environmental and social screening output sheet is presented in the next pages, and it includes only the
information which are highly relevant for the environmental and social screening. The District
Environmental Officer and to the Social Officer will also have the possibility access the full Farm visit output
sheet through the MIS.

Based on the desk review, and should this raise specific environmental or social concerns, the
Environmental Officer and to the Social Officer will have the faculty to carry out an additional farm visit for
the environmental and social aspects. This additional farm visit will have to be carried out within two

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weeks maximum from the original farm visit, to ensure that results are adequately captured in the
procurement process for the irrigation equipment. If no action is taken within two weeks from the original
field visit, it is assumed that no environmental nor social flags are raised.

The District Environmental Officer and to the Social Officer have the faculty of joining any farm visit by the
DAO, SAE, and Extension Officers, and thus they should be allowed to access the calendar of the visits
through the Micro-scale Irrigation Program MIS.

Under the Environmental guidelines to local governments for strengthening compliance with safeguards
requirements in development projects developed by Ministry of Water and Environment (November 2020)
the LG must report on environmental factors. The approach to this will be to take a random selection The
DEO may use the Environment and Climate Change Screening form to report To be filled by the
Environment focal point person at sub-county level or Environment Officer at the District Municipal
Council.

The template for environmental assessments can be found in Appendix 9.

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STAGE 3
Stage 3 is where the procurement phase starts, Figure 18.

Figure 18 Stages of implementation (Stage 3 highlighted in blue)

Key stages of a Farmer Application in Stage 3 are highlighted below, Table 16.

Stage Level Description

2 ‘Interested’ Farmer Those Farmers who have submitted an expression of

interest and met basic self-assessed criteria

‘Eligible’ Farmer Those Farmers who have had a farm visit and have
been found to meet the eligibility criteria

3 ‘Approved Farmer’ Those Farmers who have made the co-payment,

provided documentary proof of their land tenure and
signed an MOU with the LG

‘Installation accepted’ Those Farmers who have had the irrigation

Farmer equipment installed and the LG and Farmer have
verified the equipment and installation is as per
quotation and standards

‘Completed Farmer’ Those Farmers where the irrigation equipment

supplier has been paid by the LG and all paperwork is
complete

Table 16 Stages of an application, Stage 3

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11. Procurement
The procurement process has 9 steps that are shown in the IrriTrack App in the ‘Procurement’ module.
These steps are:

1. Finalise farm visit

2. DTPC approval
3. Farmer quotation
4. Lowest tender
5. Farmer acceptance
6. Co-payment
7. MOU complete
8. Supplier contract
9. Installation and verification

The first submodule ‘Finalise farm visit’ is in order to verify that all processes to this stage have been
conducted correctly and the opportunity to enter comments regarding the application including concerns
or needs for clarification. The other aspects of procurement and associated submodules are described in
the section below.

11.1. Role of District Technical Planning Committee and Procurement (DTPC)

The eligible Farmers need to be forwarded in batches to the District Technical Planning Committee (DTPC)
on at least a monthly basis The DTPC, chaired by the CAO, with the Planner as the secretariat and including
Heads of Departments, will approve the list of farmers at least on a monthly basis. The submission to DTCP
will include the list of farmers, with their name, gender, year of birth, location (district / sub-county / parish
/ village), and confirmation that eligibility requirements to the program are met.

The date of the DTPC review and the DTPC decision, approved/not approved, are entered into the ‘DTPC
approval’ submodule of IrriTrack.

Then the list of approved farmers with the correspondent applications will then be sent to the District
Procurement Officer (DPO) to proceed with request for quotation from pre-qualified irrigation equipment
suppliers.

Contact details of Farmer (and in case of a married male farmer, also of the wife) and design details of
irrigation system and management equipment will be sent to pre-qualified irrigation equipment suppliers
to provide quotations. This will be done at least on a monthly basis. See the next section and procurement
guidelines regarding these processes.

11.2. Purchasing steps

This section outlines the process which allows the Farmer to purchase the irrigation equipment.

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The pathway for design and purchase has these steps:

1. One or more irrigation equipment suppliers provide quotations

2. LG checks the quotation(s), selects the lowest cost option, and Farmer accepts it

DECISION POINT 3. Is the irrigation system design and costing suitable according to the LG? Does
the Farmer accept the quotation?

3. Farmer makes co-payment to LG office

4. Farmer provides documentary evidence of land tenure (if they have not already done so)

5. Farmer signs MOU with LG office (and in case of a married male farmer, also to the wife signs as a
witness) (July- August)

6. An SMS message sent to Farmer (and in case of a married male farmer, also to the wife) notifying
them of completion of this step and relevant contact details of irrigation equipment supplier.

DECISION POINT 4. Has the Farmer completed all steps?

7. LG office then notifies the irrigation equipment supplier that the quotation is accepted in the
period January to May and definitely before the end of June

8. The LG office and supplier will then sign contract as soon as budget is available

These steps are equivalent to the highlighted blue boxes on flowchart in Figure 19.

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Figure 19 Flowchart of process (steps highlighted in blue)

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11.3. Quotation request

The LG office will send out a request for quotation for each individual farmer to all pre-qualified irrigation
equipment suppliers in the cluster the LG is part of. The LG office will forward the list of Approved Farmers
requesting a design and quotation from suppliers.

For each farmer the appropriate information collected through IrriTrack will be sent to the equipment
suppliers. The list of information to be sent to suppliers is shown in Appendix 17, downloading this data
from the Management Information System (MIS) is an automated process. The bidders will be sent the
Micro-scale Irrigation Program ‘Bidding document’ titled “Bidding Document for the Procurement of Works
under selective/restricted bidding”. The cover page for this document is shown in Appendix 18.

The date that a tender request is sent out and the deadline for receipt of quotation must be entered into
the ‘Farmer quotation’ submodule of the ‘Procurement’ module.

It is hoped and encouraged that the suppliers will make a farm visit to assess their actual situation and get
more information for design and quotation, however this is not mandatory.

The suppliers will send their quotations to the LG office. There may be one or more quotations provided
per Farmer.

11.4. Assessment of the quotations from the irrigation equipment suppliers

The aim of the irrigation system design is that effectively meets the Farmer’s needs and is cost effective.

The supplier will need to supply specific details of not only the equipment, but also the field data used for
the design and the assumptions made. This will need to be included in the quotation to be checked by the
LG office, as outlined in Appendix 18

Once the LG office has received the quotation(s) from the supplier(s) they will check that the quotation
meets the technical requirements and cost boundaries of the quotation. The SAE and DAO will check the
quotation in detail:

1. Supplier is on the pre-approved irrigation equipment supplier list

2. Completeness of the quotation

3. Eligibility of all items (see Table 17 and Table 18)

4. Irrigation design, especially daily flowrates, matches norms for the crop x district x irrigation method.

5. The pump must meet the irrigation flowrate at the hydraulic head required

6. The solar array must provide sufficient power for the pump selected.

7. The soil water and nutrient measurement tools must be applicable to the situation

8. The cost of the system must be reasonable. The guidelines for a reasonable cost based upon area, type
of system, flow rate and head. This assessed in comparison with the IrriTrack App original costing and
also other comparable pricing approaches.

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Any quotation that is outside of the above will be rejected.

The ‘Tender Evaluation Guide’ is in Appendix 20. It can be used to assist in assessing the quotations
provided.

Table 17 shows broad descriptions of the eligible materials in the Micro-scale Irrigation Program.

No. Description Use Comment

Pumping

1 Solar power:

• Panels • Provide electricity for pumps

• Frame for solar panels • Mount solar panels

• Controller/regulator • Control supply of power

• Electricity cables • Connect solar panels to

controller to pump

2 Electric pump Pumping water Can be above ground or

submersible type

3 Petrol pump (up to 4HP Pumping water Above ground only

only)

Suction and delivery

4 Suction line Suction hose and foot valve to

supply water to pump

5 Delivery line Pipe to take water to the field Up to 700 meters

6 Valves Control flow of water

7 Pipe fittings Joining of pipes together, to This includes elbows,

pump, to sprinklers, drip, hoses tees, nipples, bushes,
etc adaptors and all similar
fittings

8 Filters Remove solid particles Only for drip and micro-

sprinkler systems

9 Water tank Store water The stand for the tank

is not eligible

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No. Description Use Comment

Irrigation

10 Flexible hosepipe with Apply water to plants

spray nozzle

11 All types of sprinklers, Apply water to plants

including rain guns

12 Drippers/dripline Apply water to plants

Management

13 Soil moisture monitor Check wetness/dryness of the

soil

14 Soil nutrient monitor Check level of soil nutrients

Maintenance

15 User/maintenance Inform farmer on the use and Any manuals associated

manuals maintenance of equipment with the equipment
listed above

16 Spare parts and Maintenance and repair of the Any spares and tools
maintenance equipment items above associated with the
and tools equipment listed above

Table 17 Eligible items

All items outside the eligible list, and notably some items that could be associated with this type of
installation, are explicitly excluded, Table 18.

No. Description Use Comment

1 Enclosure such as fence and/or shed

2 Mobilization of the water source

(digging of well, construction of a
storage reservoir)

3 Tank stand

4 Fences, security items

5 Land preparation

Table 18 Ineligible items

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Quotation selection and approval

Once the quotation(s) have been checked for technical appropriateness as outlined above the LG will select
the lowest cost tender.

The LG staff will then enter the details of the lowest cost tender in the “Lowest Tender” submodule. This
farmer co-payment will then be calculated by IrriTrack.

The LG staff then discuss with the farmer (and in case of a married male farmer, also with the wife) then
the farmer decides if he/she will accept that quotation.

Then the decision of the farmer to accept/not accept the quotation is entered into the “Farmer
acceptance” submodule.

DECISION POINT 3: Is the design and costing suitable? Does the Farmer accept
the quotation for meeting their requirements and cost of co-payment?

Yes: then the Farmer continues in the next steps of the Micro-scale Irrigation
Program. SMS message sent to Farmer (and in case of a married male farmer,
also to the wife) notifying them of completion of this step and relevant contact
details of supplier.

No: explain the reasons the application is not acceptable that the Farmer (and
in case of a married male farmer, also the wife) and/or supplier understand.

Once the Farmer has accepted a quotation the LG officer informs the Farmer of the co-payment they are
required to make. The Farmer then has 45 days within which to make the co-payment.

Farmer co-payment and land tenure documents

The Farmer then makes their co-payment to the LG office. The Farmer deposits the co-payment to the LG
General Fund Account. A copy of the receipt for co-payment, showing the farmer EOI number, must be
uploaded to the IrriTrack App in the “Co-payment” submodule.

NOTE: the co-payment receipt must be photographed and uploaded into the “Procurement
module” using the “Review procurement and upload photos” submodule.

IMPORTANT: The farmer co-funding must be banked onto the Local Government General
fund account and shall only be utilized upon submission of the proposed workplan to
MAAIF for concurrence and approval.

If they have not already done so, the Farmer provide document(s) of land tenure and copies are uploaded
to the IrriTrack App – use the “Upload Land Tenure Document” module.

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Farmer signs MOU and is “Approved”

The Farmer then signs a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU, format available in Appendix 22) with the
LG (Chief Administrative Officer/Town clerk), witnessed by Sub-county (Chairperson) and Farmers’
witness/representative. In case of a married male farmer, the wife can also sign as a witness. The LG staff
should strongly encourage the Farmer and the wife to have the wife sign as a witness.

The date of signing of the MOU is the entered into Irritrack in the “MOU complete” submodule.

NOTE: the MOU document must be photographed and uploaded into the “Procurement module”
using the “Review procurement and upload photos” submodule.

DECISION POINT 4: Has the Farmer made the co-payment, provided land
tenure documents and signed an MOU with the LG?

Yes: then the application is ‘Approved' and will be entered on the ‘Approved’
Farmer list.

No: explain the reasons the application is not acceptable that the Farmer (and
in case of a married male farmer, also the wife) understand.

11.5. Approved farmers can join a Farmer Field School (FFS)

When a farmer is ‘Approved’ then they are eligible to join a ‘Farmer Field School’.

An FFS is a capacity building method based on adult education principles using groups of farmers. It is best
described as a ‘school without walls’, where farmers learn through observation and experimentation in
their own fields. This allows them to improve their management skills and become knowledge experts on
their own farms.

An FFS is a process, not a goal. It aims to increase the capacity of farmers to test new technologies in their
own fields and assess results and their relevance to particular circumstances. Farmers interact with
extension workers on a demand driven basis, only asking for help where they are unable to solve a problem
themselves. As an extension methodology, an FFS is a dynamic process that is practiced, controlled and
owned by the farmers to help them transform their observations to create a better understanding of their
crop system.

FFS is not about technology, it is about people development. It brings farmers together for them
to assess their problems and seek ways of addressing them.

The Specific Objectives of the FFS are to:

• empower farmers with knowledge and skills to make them experts in their own context
• provide platforms where farmer groupings and extension and research workers jointly test and
adapt options within the specific local conditions

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• facilitate farming communities to learn new ways to solve problems and adapt to change
• the ability of farmers to make critical and informed decisions that strengthen their coping
mechanisms
• help farmers learn how best to organize themselves and their communities
• enable farmers‘ livelihoods to become more resilient and less vulnerable to disasters, such as
drought and other climate change factors.

Formation of farmer Field School groups

The ‘Approved’ farmers who expressed interest will be supported to enrol in an FFS. The farmers will be
mapped and mobilized with support of the Senior Agricultural Officer (DLG) and the Agricultural Extension
Officers (Sub county) into small learning groups with a minimum of 20 and a maximum of 30 members for
each Farmer Field School Group to ensure maximum participation in group learning activities. The groups
should comprise of both male, female and youth participants. Women should be encouraged to be part and
participate in the FFS.

The group members may be drawn from nearby villages or parishes but should not be more than 15 km
from the FFS site for convenience of access to the training sites. For each group, two skilful farmers, one
female and one male, will be selected to become lead farmers responsible for facilitating the extension
services to the members in their groups. The lead farmers will be trained by Master Trainers alongside the
extension workers to become MIP FFS facilitators provide regular extension service to their group
members.

Farmer field school facilitators

The Micro Irrigation Program will utilize the current extension to deliver the FFSs in the respective LGs. The
farmer field school facilitators will be selected from the extension officers responsible for the sub-counties
in which the farmer field schools will be located.

FFS facilitators will be responsible for each FFS group (FFSG) established. For each FFSG, two skilful farmers,
one female and one male, will be selected to become lead farmers responsible for facilitating the extension
services to the members in their group. The lead farmers will be trained to provide regular extension
service to their group members alongside the extension workers.

Facilitators should understand FFS principles and have good oral, listening and facilitation skills. They must
have charisma and understand participatory learning processes, although some of these skills are also
strengthened in training.

Training of Facilitators will cover a range of topics that equip the FFS facilitator to adapt the given FFS
curriculum with FFS participants, local context and needs throughout the growing season of the chosen
enterprise based on what is happening in the field and in the group, rather than proposing the same
standardized training everywhere.

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NOTE: There is a “Farmer Field Schools” module in IrriTrack. This is ONLY for use by the FFS facilitators and
supervisors. The module will be record the details of each FFS.

More information on FFS can be found in Appendix 21.

11.6. Contract signing with equipment suppliers

Once the Farmer is approved:

1. LG office then notifies the irrigation equipment supplier that the quotation is accepted.

2. The LG office and supplier will then sign contract as soon as budget is available.

The LG will sign a contract with the supplier. The contract will specify:

1. A fixed price

2. Bill of materials

3. Payment terms –payment on completion of installation is 95% of quotation. Retention payment

of 5% of the quotation is to be paid after the defects liability period (maximum 6 months).

4. Allowable time between receiving contract and installing equipment in field

5. After-sale service

6. Warranties

When the contract is signed the details will be entered into IrriTrack in the “Supplier contract” submodule.
The information entered is also the deadline for delivery and installation.

LG staff will track the payments and the delivery timeline of supplier.

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12. Irrigation system supply and installation

The pathway for system supply and installation has these steps:

1. The irrigation supplier provides the equipment as per contract and the standards and conditions of
the contract

2. The irrigation supplier installs the irrigation equipment. This must be done by the irrigation
supplier, not a third party.

3. The Farmer (and in case of a married male farmer, also the wife) must be on site during the
installation

4. LG/LLG staff must be on site during installation to verify the equipment and installation are as per
quotation

5. The Farmer (and in case of a married male farmer, also the wife) must receive training in operation
and maintenance and receive appropriate operation and maintenance manuals from the supplier.

DECISION POINT 5. Is the irrigation system equipment and installation as per quotation?

These steps are equivalent to those highlighted in blue on flowchart, Figure 20 .

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Figure 20 Flowchart of process (steps highlighted in blue)

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12.1. Irrigation supplier obligations

Under the contract between irrigation supplier and LG office, witnessed by the Farmer (and in case of a
married male farmer, also the wife), the irrigation supplier must deliver, install, commission, test the
system and train the Farmer (and in case of a married male farmer, also the wife) in the operation and
maintenance of the irrigation system. The Supplier has full responsibility for this even if they use locally
based technicians.

The irrigation supplier obligations are that:

a. The installation must meet Ugandan/international recognised standards

b. The Farmer (and in case of a married male farmer, also the wife) and LG must be present at the
time of installation

c. The system must be commissioned and tested with the LG and Farmer (and in case of a married
male farmer, also the wife) present

d. The Farmer (and in case of a married male farmer, also the wife) must receive training in the
operation and maintenance of the system and be provided with suitable operating and
maintenance booklet. It is preferable that both husband and wife and older children also receive
the operation and maintenance training

e. The installation, commissioning, testing and training must all occur on the same day.

12.2. Verification of installation:

At the time of installation with the supplier present on site the LG staff undertake the installation and
performance evaluation with the following steps.

Pre-installation
The irrigation system supplier must provide all necessary information to the installer. This will include
drawings, plans, or specifications that the installer requires to correctly install the system.

The supplier must:

1. Ensure that the installer has the necessary relevant skills prior to starting work

2. Monitor the progress of the installation to ensure that the design specifications are being met

3. Oversee the commissioning of the system

The contract between LG and supplier states all the roles of the supplier.

Installation
The installation of irrigation systems involves close cooperation between the farmer, supplier and LG.

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The system installation must follow the design specifications prepared by the supplier and agreed by the
farmer. Where something is not explicitly specified by the design, the supplier will consult the farmer for
further clarification. The system supplier and the farmer must both accept any variations to the original
specification before the change is implemented. The LG staff and farmer must:

1. Check that all equipment supplied is of the make, size, model as on the purchase order – Solar panels &
controller, pump, pipes, drip and sprinklers, filters (including mesh size), irrigation management
equipment

2. Check that the area covered for irrigation is as per design.

Commissioning
Commissioning is the final part in the installation process and is undertaken by the supplier.

A properly executed commissioning process will demonstrate if all components of the system are installed
and operating properly, and in accordance with the system specification.

The LG is involved in this process at the system testing phase and to provide input on how to correct
performance issues.

System Testing
The system must be tested at the time of installation and the results of the test agreed by the farmer,
supplier and LG.

System testing should include all new components, as well as all pre-existing components that are being
incorporated into a system upgrade.

The following should be tested during installation and prior to handover of the system:

1. Check that construction debris is removed

2. Pressure-test the pipelines at 1.5 x the normal operating pressure, if possible. If this pressure is not
achievable with the installed pumping equipment, then pressure-test at the maximum achievable
pressure

3. Check that pump performance meets the specification

4. Ensure that all sections of the system receive the required pressure and flow rate. Check that the flow
rate at the irrigation system is as per design – at the main inlet (if possible), at sprinklers/drippers
spread across the irrigation system.

5. Test water application depth, intensity, and uniformity as per contract. If sprinklers or drippers, then
check the uniformity with a catch can uniformity test

6. Test all valves and the foot valve on the suction line

7. Check that the soil moisture and nutrient irrigation management equipment is operating

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8. If any variations from the original design are identified during the system testing, these must be
documented.

Unless otherwise outlined in the contract, the acceptable installed deviation from the system specification
is:

• Flow rates must not be more than ± 5% of the design value

• Pressures must not be more than ± 10% of the design value

• Current (amps) must not be more than ± 5% of the design value

Application uniformity must not be > 5% under that specified.

System Acceptance
If at the end of the installation and testing all parties are satisfied with the system (materials and/or
installation), then they will complete the “System acceptance / non-acceptance” document (Appendix 23)
that will be signed by the Farmer, LG staff in attendance and the irrigation system supplier staff in
attendance.

If the Farmer or LG staff are not satisfied then all the deficiencies (material and/or installation) of the
system should be noted in writing on the “System acceptance / non-acceptance” document (Appendix 23)
signed by the Farmer, LG staff in attendance and the irrigation system supplier staff in attendance. There
will then be follow up action by the SAE, DAO and DPO to rectify the deficiencies.

The IrriTrack submodule “Installation and verification” will then be completed indicating the dates of
installation and whether the installation is accepted.

NOTE: the installed equipment in the field must be photographed AND the Installation acceptance
document must be photographed and uploaded into the “Procurement module” using the “Review
procurement and upload photos” submodule.

DECISION POINT 5: Is irrigation system supplied and installed as per

quotation?

Yes: then the application is “Installation accepted” and will be entered on the
“Installation accepted” Farmer list and the equipment supplier receives 95%
payment.

No: explain to the supplier the reasons the installation is not

complete/satisfactory so that they can rectify.

LG staff will track all installations that are deficient for follow up with the supplier until rectified.

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13. Operation, Maintenance and Evaluation

This section outlines the support regarding operation and maintenance to be provided to the Farmer
(husband and wife) and the evaluation steps for the program.

13.1. Operation and maintenance

The Farmer (husband and wife) will be responsible for the system operation AND maintenance. This must
be made clear that it is the responsibility of the Farmer (husband and wife) to:

1. Keep the equipment secure

2. Only use the equipment according to the supplier’s recommendations
3. Properly maintain the equipment.
The irrigation equipment suppliers must provide adequate operation and maintenance support to the
Farmer (and in case of a married male farmer, also to the wife). This will be in three broad forms:

1. Training of the Farmer (and in case of a married male farmer, also to the wife) at the time of installation
of the irrigation system

2. Appropriate documentation to be provided at the time of installation. This documentation must be in

English and the appropriate local language for the Farmer (and in case of a married male farmer, also
for the wife) and must be easily understandable

3. Ongoing support to the Farmer (and in case of a married male farmer, also to the wife) through:

a) Free call support line

b) Responding to problems, complaints promptly during the warranty period
c) Availability of spares in the region.

13.2. Evaluation
To ensure that the irrigation systems are operating satisfactorily and that the Micro-scale Irrigation
Program is operating effectively the following evaluation will be conducted for each Farmer (and in case of
a married male farmer, also the wife):

1. After 1 week: LG staff call Farmer (and in case of a married male farmer, also the wife) to check system
is operating correctly and that they are receiving extension support and training. Any deficiencies are
reported to supplier to be rectified

2. After 1 month: LG staff call Farmer (and in case of a married male farmer, also the wife) to check
system is operating correctly and any support is being received. Any deficiencies are reported to
supplier to be rectified

3. After 6 months: LG staff to visit farm, repeat flow rate checks and conduct questionnaire evaluation
with the Farmer (and in case of a married male farmer, also the wife) on the Micro scale Irrigation
process. Any deficiencies are reported to supplier to be rectified.

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13.3. Evaluation survey

The The IrriTrack app has a module called “Impact assessment” this module is designed to collect data to
assess the Micro-irrigation program across a number of key outcome areas:

Submodule 1. – Relevance, Effectiveness, Efficiency

Submodule 2. – Impact and sustainability

Submodule 3. Impacts on women

The modality of implementing this initial impact assessment will be determined by the Micro-irrigation
program leadership team.

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14. Implementation of the guidelines

This section provides direction on the overall implementation of these guidelines.

14.1. Impartiality
The application process shall be impartial. The Farmers’ eligibility and application shall be evaluated using
the published eligibility and evaluation criteria in this guideline.

14.2. Equity
The process shall ensure that there is no segregation of applicants against race, religion, gender, age, tribe
or any other reason outside of the published eligibility criteria in this manual.

14.3. Non-cumulative
No individual Farmer (husband and wife) may receive more than one grant financed by the Micro-scale
Irrigation Program. However, a husband and wife may apply separately with reference to different plots of
land to irrigate.

14.4. Non-retroactivity
No grant may be awarded retroactively. Grants may only cover costs incurred after the date on which the
grant contract is signed.

14.5. Grievance and Redress

The Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) describes avenues, procedures, steps, roles and responsibilities
for managing grievances and resolving disputes. Every aggrieved person should be able to trigger this
mechanism to quickly resolve their complaints.

The purpose of the grievance redress mechanism is to:

• Provide affected people with avenues for making a complaint or resolving any dispute that may
arise during implementation of LG micro irrigation sub-grant funded activities and associated
MAAIF and supplier activities

• Ensure that appropriate and mutually acceptable corrective actions are identified and implemented
to address complaints

• Verify that complainants are satisfied with outcomes of corrective actions

• Avoid the need to resort to judicial (legal court) proceedings unless it is warranted.

There are a number of types of grievance (highlighted in the Table 19 below), and a number of stakeholders
who may be the source of grievance. These may include:

• Beneficiaries, applicants and potential applicants, and their families

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• Neighbours or those affected in any way by the intervention (Project Affected Persons)

• Farmers and their representatives

• Employees of the suppliers, other supplier associates

• Members of the surrounding community

• Other people.

List of avenues for different types of Grievances

Wherever possible, the first port of call for Grievances should be at the Chief Administrative Officer / DAO
level, but other avenues must also be available to those with a grievance and there must be appropriate
referral processes. The main avenues and their purpose are set out below in Table 19:

Avenue Type of Grievance – indicative list

FARM LEVEL

Beneficiary/those • Quality of supplies delivered by suppliers, associated user training etc.

affected
• Lack of responsiveness of supplier(s) to agreed actions

• Other issues relating to behaviour of MAAIF, LG staff, Farmers

representatives, suppliers etc.

Representative body • Tbd

for farmers

LG LEVEL

LG Councillors • Selection of beneficiary not in line with guidelines

• Violence against and abuse of community members by supplier or

teammates, etc.

LG Agriculture Office • Quality of works or parts delivered by suppliers

• Quality of training/manuals

• Corruption and misuse of funds

• Other issues relating to behaviour of production staff, O&M by suppliers,

etc.

District Land Board • Complaints about land associated with infrastructure

MoWE TSUs/DWO • Tbd regarding abstraction

Other water use • Tbd

specific bodies

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Avenue Type of Grievance – indicative list

NATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

Police • Violence against and abuse of community members by contract staff,

contracted labour (including defilement, rape, child labour etc)

Uganda Child Helpline • Emotional, physical or sex abuse, etc.

Uganda Budget Hotline • Quality of works delivered by irrigation equipment suppliers

• Missing and misuse of funds

IGG Hotline • Corruption and misuse of funds

MAAIF • Unsatisfactory action against grievances taken as a result of channelling

grievances via avenues above.

MoWE • Issues regarding abstraction fees, water use

Table 19 Grievance types

NOTE: that to register a grievance use the IrriTrack “Report Grievances” module. This module collects the
personal details of the complainant and records the details of what the grievance is.

Process for a grievance to proceed at the LG level

The implementation of sub-projects will require establishing a simple Grievance Redress Committee (GRC)
at each institution with the involvement of the LC 1, Project Affected Persons, relevant staff of the
institutions and the implementing agency, MAAIF, and other appropriate actors.

The general steps of a grievance redress process are as follows:

1. Receipt of complaints – The first step is when a verbal or written complaint from a complainant is
made, received and recorded in a complaints log by the Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) within 5
working days of receipt of the complaint. The MAAIF should be notified of any changes in the log within
10 working days.

2. Determining and implementing the redress action - If in his/her view, a grievance can be solved at this
stage, the GRC will determine a corrective action in consultation with the aggrieved person. Grievances
will be resolved and the status reported back to complainants within 5 working days. If more time is
required this will be communicated clearly and in advance to the aggrieved person

3. Verifying the redress action - The proposed corrective action and timeframe in which it is to be
implemented will be discussed with the complainant within 5 days of receipt of the grievance. Consent
to proceed with corrective action will be sought from the complainant and witnessed by the area’s local
council chairperson (LC Chairman)

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4. Amicable mediation and settlement - Agreed corrective action will be undertaken by the project or its
contractor within the agreed timeframe. The date of the completed action will be recorded in the
grievance log

5. Dissatisfaction and alternative actions - To verify satisfaction, the aggrieved person will be asked to
return and resume the grievance process, if not satisfied with the corrective action.

In the event that there is no resolution to the grievance, then: (a) The GRC at the institution and the
aggrieved Projected Affected Person(s) shall refer the matter to the relevant District Authorities; (b)
Ugandan laws allow any aggrieved person the right to access courts of law. If the complainant still remains
dissatisfied with the District’s Decision, the complainant has the option to pursue appropriate recourse via
a judicial process in Uganda. Courts of law will be a “last resort” option, in view of the above mechanism.

14.6. Revision of these guidelines

These guidelines may be amended as required, so as to achieve the objectives of the Micro-scale Irrigation
Program. However, it shall only be amended on the recommendation of the projects Technical and Steering
Committee. The guidelines should seek to preserve a balance between achieving the objectives of the
Micro-scale Irrigation Program and minimizing leakage on the one hand, and preserving simplicity,
automaticity and transparency in the approvals and supervision process on the other.

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APPENDICES

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1. Micro-scale Irrigation Program Grant, Budget and Implementation

Guidelines

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2. Ugandan and international standards for irrigation equipment

Applicable standards are outlined below

Solar equipment:
1. 1678. US ISO 9488:1999, Solar energy – Vocabulary This Uganda Standard defines basic terms relating
to solar energy. STATUS: VOLUNTARY

2. 2162. US IEC TS 61836:2007, Solar photovoltaic energy systems — Terms, definitions and symbols -
This Uganda Standard includes the terms and symbols compiled from the published IEC technical
committee 82 standards, previously published as technical report IEC 61836:1997. (This Uganda
Standard cancels and replaces US 218: 2005, Solar photovoltaic power systems — Terms and symbols,
which has been technically revised).

3. Solar panels: IEC 61215 & IEC 61730 greater than 100Wp/UL 1701, IEC 62257 below 100Wp/UL 1701

4. Solar charge controllers: IEC 62109/IEC6033-1 with IEC603355/UL 1741

5. Solar batteries: IEC 61427/IEC 62616/ IEC 60896 /UL 1973 with UL-2054/UL 1989 with UL-2054.

6. 2095. US IEC 60904-3:2008 Photovoltaic devices – Part 3: Measurement principles for terrestrial
photovoltaic (PV) solar devices with reference spectral irradiance data - This Uganda Standard applies
to the following photovoltaic devices for terrestrial applications: solar cells with or without a protective
cover; sub-assemblies of solar cells; modules; systems. (This Uganda Standard cancels and replaces, US
463-3:2005 Photovoltaic devices — Part 3: Measurement principles for photovoltaic (PV) solar devices
with reference spectral irradiance data, which has been republished). STATUS: VOLUNTARY

Irrigation equipment:
1. 1666. US ISO 9261:2004, Agricultural irrigation equipment — Emitters and emitting pipe —
Specification and test methods - This Uganda Standard gives mechanical and functional requirements
for agricultural irrigation emitters and emitting pipes, and, where applicable, their fittings, and provides
methods for testing conformity with such requirements. It also specifies the data to be supplied by the
manufacturer to permit correct information, installation and operation in the field. It is applicable to
emitters, emitting and dripping (trickling) pipes, hoses, including collapsible hoses (“tapes”) and tubing
of which the emitting units form an integral part, to emitters and emitting units with or without
pressure regulation and with flow rates not exceeding 24 l/h per outlet (except during flushing), and to
fittings dedicated to the connection of emitting pipes, hoses and tubing. It is not applicable to porous
pipe (pipe that is porous along its entire length), nor does it cover the performance of pipes as regards
clogging. STATUS: VOLUNTARY

2. 1810. US ISO 16438:2012, Agricultural irrigation equipment — Thermoplastic collapsible hoses for
irrigation — Specifications and test method - This Uganda Standard specifies requirements and test
methods for reinforced and non-reinforced thermoplastic collapsible hoses, which are intended to be
used as main and sub-main supply lines for the conveyance and distribution of water for irrigation at
water temperatures up to 50 °C. It is applicable to irrigation hoses with nominal diameters between 40
mm and 500 mm and working pressures between 0,3 bar (0,03 MPa) and 6 bar (0,6 MPa). This

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International Standard is applicable to two types of hose configurations: distributor hose (with outlet
connections) and plain hose (without outlet connections) .STATUS: COMPULSORY

3. 1044. US 264-1:2001/EAS 182-1 Specification for pipes and fittings made of Unplasticized Poly Vinyl
Chloride (PVC-U) for water supply - Part 1: General requirements - This Standard Specification for
plasticized PVC pipes for cold water services specifies requirements for UPVC Pipes up to and including
a nominal diameter of 630mm for conveying cold water at pressures up to and including 4, 6, 10, 12.5
and 16 bars at 250C depending on the size. STATUS: COMPULSORY

4. 1045. US 264-2:2001/EAS 182-1 Specification for Pipes and Fittings made of Unplasticized Poly Vinyl
Chloride (PVC-U) for water supply - Part 2: Nominal diameters, wall thicknesses and nominal pressures(
metric series) - This standard specifies nominal pressure outside diameters, calculated wall thicknesses
and nominal pressures of circular section Unplasticised Polyvinyl Chloride (UPVC) pipes used for water
services. STATUS: COMPULSORY

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3. Vision Road and Gender Balance tree methodologies - tools to support

women in the Micro-scale Irrigation Program and other interventions

3.1.Introduction
Section 4 of the technical guidelines for the Micro-scale Irrigation Program outlines considerations about
how to ensure that women are included in the Program. There are two groups of women for whom there is
need to ensure participation in the Program:

• Women Farmers applying for the Micro-scale Irrigation Program (these can be women head
households, widows, or married women).

• Wives of male Farmers who are applying for the Micro-scale Irrigation Program (women in the
household)

With reference to the first group (women Farmers), in order to ensure participation there is need to carry
out targeted awareness raising activities for women, provide extra support to women to prove access to
land, provide extra support to women to access loans for co-payments, etc.

With reference to the second group (women in the household), there is need to ensure that they benefit
from the Program and are not “adversely included”. Adverse inclusion occurs where women are included in
a program or activity but it actually burdens or disempowers them. This can occur for instance when a
husband decides to have a new income generating activity in a household, sets it up, but then leaves the
women to do all the work.

To ensure inclusion of women in the household under the Micro-scale Irrigation Program, it is paramount
that gender aspects are discussed with the whole household (women and men). The opportunity for
gender aspects to be discussed is during the Farm Visit (section 9.2 of the technical guidelines). That is why
it is very important to have both the men and women of the household present for the farm visit, also any
children and other members of the household if possible.

Appendix 3 provides details on how to ensure that women in the household benefit from the Micro-scale
Irrigation Program.

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3.2.Gender and inequality

In order to appropriately support women who are in the Micro-scale Irrigation Program the implementing
staff should have a basic understanding of the concepts relating to gender and gender inequality. These
topics are covered briefly in this section.

The gender gap and patterns of gender inequality

The gender gap

The gender gap is the difference in any area between women and men in terms of their levels of
participation, access to resources, rights, power and influence, remuneration and benefits. Of particular
relevance related to women’s work is the “gender pay gap”, describing the difference between the average
earnings of men and women (ILO, 2007). Other examples might be women’s ideas are systematically
devalued, women might not have the right to own land, women might not be accepted in leadership
positons; in contrast men might not be accepted as being the primary child carer. The gender gap impacts
both men and women but in the majority of cultures favours men.

Patterns of inequalities
There are inequalities in many areas:

• Political power and representation - Women are often underrepresented in formal decision-making
structures, including governments, community councils, and policy-making institutions.

• Economic participation and opportunities - In most countries, women and men are distributed
differently across sectors. Women are receiving lower wages for similar work, are more likely to be
in low-paid jobs and unsecured work (part-time, temporary, home-based) and are likely to have
less access than men to productive assets such as education, skills, property and credit.

• Educational attainment - In most countries women have lower literacy rate, lower level of
enrolment in primary, secondary and tertiary education.

• Sexual and domestic violence - Women tend to be more often victims in a form a domestic violence
by woman’s intimate partner, sexual exploitation through trafficking and sex trade, in wars by an
enemy army as a weapon of attempted ‘ethnic cleansing’ etc.

• Differences in legal status and entitlements - There are many instances in which equal rights to
personal status, security, land, inheritance and employment opportunities are denied to women by
law or practice.

Gender equality
Gender equality can be defined as the state or condition that affords women and men equal enjoyment of
human rights, socially valued goods, opportunities and resources, allowing both sexes the same
opportunities and potential to contribute to, and benefit from, all spheres of society (economic, political,
social, and cultural).

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Example: A family has limited funds, and both daughter and son want new pairs of shoes for the new school
year, but only one can get new shoes this year. If the family decides which child will get the new shoes
based on the child’s NEED, and not on the child’s sex, this is an example of gender equality.

Reflective exercise:

1. What roles or jobs are there in your family/community/workplace that are always done by just women,
or just men?

2. Reflect on the consequences these expected roles and views for the wellbeing and development in
your family/community/workplace.

3.3.The Gender Action Learning System

There will not be enough time during Farm visits for LG staff to undertake a full implementation of these
tools but it is useful to know about them and the concepts for the shorter discussions and questions in the
IrriTrack app regarding gender issues.

Introduction
In order to achieve the above two aims, and support the staff involved in the Micro-scale Irrigation Program
to overcome gender based issues, the LG Staff can learn about two tools from the Gender Action Learning
System. The two tools are the “Vision Road” and the “Gender Balance Tree”.

The “Vision Road” allows for the creation of individual and shared visions in a household; this allows the
people to understand what they are aiming for as individuals and a household. This then encourages the
people in a household to support each other and work together co-operatively to achieve the vision.

Once a vision has been established it is then important to discuss the division of labour in achieving that
vision and also the division of benefits. This is where the “gender Balance Tree” can be used. Using the
Vision Road tool first and then The Gender Balance Tree tool allows the household to deal with the
complexities of differing opinions about what is important (the vision) and then the realities of achieving
that vision and sharing the benefits that is equitable between men and women.

The lack of shared visions and plans within households leads to disagreements, stagnation and even
domestic violence. In this situation interventions can even possibly make the matter worse by increasing
conflict over work, income and assets. To overcome this there needs to be shared visions and plans. This is
why we use the “Vision Road”.

Many households will have inequality in who does most of the household work; spends most for the
household income; benefits most from household income; who owns property and decision-making. This is
why we use the “Gender Balance Tree” to help the household members appreciate that these imbalances
exist and how they might be addressed.

In 2011 GIZ co-funded a review of Gender Action Learning System in the coffee value chain in Uganda. The
review demonstrated conclusively that the Gender Action Learning System had been successful in
unseating powerful cultural norms. Remarkable life changes related to the division of both domestic and

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farm work, household decision making, control and access to assets and services and decreases in alcohol
abuse and violence were indicated.

These tools will be used to highlight and discuss gender based issues at the household level. Since these
tools encourage participatory decision-making, we will use them to empower women to manage and
benefit from the irrigation equipment.

3.4.The “Vision Road”

There will not be enough time during Farm visits for LG staff to undertake a full implementation of this tool
but it is useful to know about it and the concepts for the shorter discussions and questions in the IrriTrack
app regarding gender issues.

Introduction
The Vision Road approach is a very detailed participatory strategic planning framework used to help
individuals, households or groups plan their transition from their current situation to a better future as
outlined in their desired future vision.

Methodology
The basic framework is to compare the process of moving from the “current situation” to the “desired
future vision” as a road journey. The methodology consists of 5 steps:

Step 1: vision (upper circle)

Step 2: current situation (lower circle)

Step 3: opportunities (symbols above the road)

Step 3: challenges (symbols below the road)

Step 4: targets / milestones

Step 5: activities - action plan

This process starts very simply with a vision circle up on the top right, a current situation circle at the
bottom left, and a road from the current situation to the vision circle, Figure 21.

The road journey is divided into three lanes. Each lane is used to take a broad aspect of the household from
its current situation to the future vision. Examples of these areas are: the farm, the home, the business, the
children, or the community.

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Figure 21 Framework of the Vision Road

The opportunities and challenges along the road journey are indicated above and below the road. The road
itself contains the action to achieve the vision, Figure 22.

Figure 22 Opportunities and challenges are drawn in above and below the road

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The framework is filled out pictorially starting with the current situation, then the future vision and then
with the steps of the road journey. Figure 23 shows an example of a Vision Road with the steps marked on
it. The drawing is done using different colours by the man and woman and red for the targets.

Figure 23 Example of Vision Road created jointly by a man (using blue) and woman (using green) to take their household to their
vision

There are no “correct” or “incorrect” situations, areas of concern, visions or steps.

This is an experiential learning process for the householders about how to vision change, share and discuss
that vision so that is shared in the household, and then plan the steps to jointly achieve it.

The Vision Road they create is left with them and they should be encouraged to review and change it.

3.5.The “Gender Balance Tree”

There will not be enough time during Farm visits for LG staff to undertake a full implementation of this tool
but it is useful to know about it and the concepts for the shorter discussions and questions in the IrriTrack
app regarding gender issues.

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Introduction
The Gender Balance Tree was developed to critically analyse gender beyond just stating what women and
men do. The Gender Balance Tree helps identify gender imbalances at the household level that fuel
poverty. Such imbalances include: women’s heavy workload, inclusiveness in decision making on income
expenditure, and lack of control and ownership over resources by women.

The Gender Balance Tree uses the analogy that households can be considered to be like trees; they need to
be properly balanced if they are to bear rich fruit. If the roots are not equally strong on both sides, then the
tree will fall over in the first storm. If the fruits on one side are heavier than on the other, then again the
tree will fall over and there will be no harvest next year. Often the household tree bends towards the
woman to do the work and towards the man to receive the benefits.

The inequalities between women and men in households are a key cause of imbalances and stress in the
household tree which make them fail. Often women and men do not work equally, leading to inefficient
labour inputs to the tree. Women and men may not benefit equally in the fruits and unproductive
expenditures may cause the tree to fall over.

The household trunk is often made to bend one way or the other because of inequalities in ownership and
because decisions are not shared. This means everyone goes their own way without caring about the other
and the whole tree becomes weak. It is important that the forces acting on each side of the trunk are equal
to help it to grow straight and help the flow of goodness from roots to branches.

The household tree is being blown this way and that by power inequalities - and maybe even uprooted
altogether. Even if fertiliser is given to the roots, if this is done on one side only e.g. training or inputs only
for the men or if the forces acting on the tree are not made equal e.g. asset ownership, then the tree will
just grow faster on one side and may fall over even faster.

The gender balance tree aims to promote discussion of these imbalances and help men and women and
women in the household to develop realistic and concrete actions to address the issues.

Methodology overview
The aim of the Gender Balance Tree tool is to identify who (women or men):

• Does most of the household and farm work? (the roots)

• Owns property and makes decisions? (the trunk)

• Spends most for the household income and benefits most from household income? (the branches).

This concept is shown in Figure 24 and a real example in Figure 25.

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Figure 24 Example of a stylised Gender Balance Tree (Higher grounds Coffee & GAMEchange Network)

Figure 25 Example of an actual Gender Balance Tree (Higher grounds Coffee & GAMEchange Network)

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The basic framework is to draw a stylised outline of a tree and the have the household members fill in the
elements pictorially. The methodology consists of five steps:

Step 1: Who is in the household? – the trunk

Step 2: Who does what? – the roots

• What women alone do for an income?

• What men alone do for an income?

• What women alone do for the household?

• What men alone do for the household?

• What women and men do together?

Step 3: Who gets what? – the branches

• What women alone spend for themselves?

• What men alone spend for themselves?

• What women alone spend for the family?

• What men alone spend for the family?

• What women and men spend jointly for the family?

Step 4: Who has the property and decision making? – at the sides of the trunk

Step 5: Decide if the tree is balanced and actions to be taken to balance the tree

Step 1: Trunk: who is in the household?

1. Draw two lines in the middle of the paper for the trunk.

2. Then put symbols for each household member on either side inside the trunk. Working women
(including co-wives living in the same family) should go on the left side of the trunk in one colour (e.g.
green), working men on the other in another colour (e.g. blue), with dependents in the middle to the
side of their respective sex in the respective colour.

An example of the result is Figure 26

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Figure 26 Who is in the household – the trunk

Step 2: Roots: who does what work?

1. Draw two roots for women and two roots for men on the respective side of the trunk in their respective
colour. The central root is for joint activities but the line is in the colour for women/men.

2. On the outside root on each side put the activities which people of that sex performs alone for
themselves. Ring in black those which take most time as something they may want to change. Ring
those which earn most income with a blue ring, thickness indicating relative amount of income and
something which they probably want to keep.

3. On the inside roots put the activities which people of that sex perform alone for the family i.e.
housework following the above size and ring convention.

4. In the central root put those activities which both women and men do, putting the symbol on the side
of the sex who does most. Again using the above size and ring convention.

An example of the result is Figure 27

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Figure 27 Who does what is drawn into the roots

Step 3: Branches: Who gets what fruit?

1. Draw four branches corresponding to each root, women, men and central trunk for joint household
expenses.

2. On the outside branch on each side, draw symbols for personal expenditure that each sex makes for
themselves alone. Ring the largest personal expenditures in black with thickest line for largest expenses
as probably things they want to change.

3. Household expenditure which only one person pays for should be on the inside branch on each side.
Ring the largest expenditures in black, with thickest line for largest expenses as possibly things they
want to change.

4. Put similarly ringed symbols for joint expenditures in the middle top branch - putting the symbol to the
side of the sex who contributes the most. Ring the largest expenditures in blue as probably things they
want to keep.

An example of the result is Figure 28

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Figure 28 Who gets what is drawn into the branches

Step 4: What is pushing the tree?

1. On their respective side of the trunk put symbols for:

a) The property which women and men own - e.g. who owns the land? Who owns the livestock?
Who owns the house?

b) The types of decisions which women and men make – which decisions are made by women
only, which by men only, which are made jointly? Or is one person overall decision-maker or
do they always sit down together?

An example of the result is Figure 29

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Figure 29 What is pushing the tree drawn to the side of the trunk

Step 5: Action: What do we want to change?

1. Ask the family “Does the tree balance?” Are women doing most of the work with men owning most of
the property, income and getting most expenditure? Put a symbol representing the degree of gender
balance at the top of the trunk.

2. Ring in blue the things the family think that help the tree to balance. These do not need to change.

3. How do they think they can make the tree balance better? e.g. which tasks should be done jointly,
which expenditures could be cut, what property should be shared? Of the income earning activities can
they increase income or decrease time?

4. Identify 5 action commitments - things they want more of or less of to make the tree balance, these are
the “fruits”. Place them on the roots, on the branches or on the stem. Mark these in green or cross the
original symbol with a black cross and draw a new green symbol in the appropriate place – as unripe
fruits which they want to change and turn red.

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An example of the result is Figure 30

Figure 30 What needs to be changed shown as items highlighted or crossed out

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Results of using the Gender Balance Tree

Some common issues found when using the Gender Balance Tree are shown below:

Woman does all the domestic work while the man just
sits and relaxes

Men sitting and drinking

Women doing all the cultivating whilst men go

socialising

Men own all the property, women own very little

Figure 31 Examples of common issues found when using Gender Balance Tree

The Gender Balance Tree has proved very effective in highlighting the high frequency of gender imbalance
whereby in many households women do most of the work but men control and spend most of the income.

For women, the burden of unpaid household work and lack of control over income from their income-
earning activities prevents them from increasing their economic efficiency and/or using income for
productive investment and/or their own or household wellbeing.

For both men and women gendered norms of behaviour and peer pressure (e.g. male alcoholism) may
often prevent them from using income productively. It has been a surprise for many men to realise just
how much work their wives do, and how much money they themselves waste which could be used
productively and/or to help their family. This is disastrous for the women and children left behind with very
little income. It leads to a lot of discord and unhappiness and also violence in families mainly, but not only,
perpetrated by men on women and children.

It may be possible to more than double family income simply through addressing inefficiencies in division of
labour and expenditure caused by gender inequalities. These type of issues need to be considered with
respect to the Micro-Scale Irrigation Program. How will these types of issues affect the purchase,
installation and use of the irrigation equipment, what crops are grown, and who in the household benefits?

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3.6.Discussing Gender Issues

Preparation
Familiarise yourself with the tools and draw your own Vision Road and Gender Balance Tree. Only by
actually doing these tools can you understand them and the issues they address. “Learning by doing” is the
key here. You may also find out something about your home!

Prepare an introductory explanation for the Farm Visit that you will use to explain what you will discuss
with the farmer, their wife and any family.

3.7.Links to information on Gender Action Learning System

Information on Gender Action Learning System: https://gamechangenetwork.org/methodology/gals

Video from Western Uganda on Vision Road: https://youtu.be/e60oJtNUECs

Video from Tanzania on Gender Balance Tree: https://youtu.be/E5Buf6uu-0c

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4. Template documents for land tenure

4.1. Background
Who needs the Owner LC1 Letter?

An owner of land that does not have formal documents to prove his/her right (such as title, CCO, Bibanja)
will need to have an LC1 letter as evidence.
Who needs the User LC1 Letter?

The LC1 letter is required for the user/s of the land where there is no registered formal agreement
(leasehold) to document the right to use the land.
What does the LC1 Letter achieve?

The letter will be used to document the applicant’s rights to the land, to avoid land grabbing and
infringement of existing land rights, and to prevent future conflicts.
What does the LC1 Letter rely on for success?

The LC1, an elected representative very close to the community is called up-on to verify existing land rights
and claims. To ensure transparency the letter is countersigned by at least one witness from the community
or the family and, if possible, one Area Land Committee member.

4.2. Information is included in the LC1 Letter

The owner/s details

• Details of all owners

• Biodata (name, last name, other names, date of birth, place of birth, nationality)
• National ID if available
• Telephone number if available

The land details

• Type of right (individual ownership, co-ownership)

• Location (District, Sub-county, village, identification of location)
• Estimated total area of the land
• Type of land tenure (Mailo, Customary, Freehold, Leasehold)
• How did the owner acquire the land (bought, inherited, gifted, assigned by head of the family,
other)
• When did the owner acquire the land
• Intended use of the land (agriculture, residential, mixed use)
• Name of known neighbours (north, east, south, west)
• Declaration of non-occurrence of conflicts

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For land users – details of land agreement

• Length of lease/rental/use agreement

• Intended use of the land (agriculture, residential, mixed use)
• Compensation for use (no compensation, in kind compensation, monetary compensation)
• Consequences in case of breach of the agreement

Signatures

• The owner/s and any user/s if applicable

• LC1
• Community member/family member
• Area Land Committee Member (if possible)

Below are two templates that can be used to create:

Owner LC1 letter

1)
2) User LC1 letter

You will need to enter specific details and delete any incorrect information.

Please use the correct template – Owner or User!

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OWNER LC1 LETTER LOCATION: DATE:

I/we, Mr/Ms ……………………………………………………………………………………………….……………, Ugandan citizen/s

Date of birth
Place of birth
National ID no.
Telephone no.
Declare:

1. That I/we own the land located in

District
Sub-county
Parish
Village
Area known as
(Plot identifier)
2. That the plot is on mailo/customary land and has an approximate area of …………. Acres.

I/we obtained the land in the year………... through purchase/inheritance/gift by family head/other (please
detail).

3. That the plot is for agricultural/residential/mixed use.

4. That my/our neighbours are

To the North

To the East
To the South
To the West

5. That I/we am/are not aware of any other claim or conflict on this land.

Signed:
Persons Name Signature
Owner/s of the land
Witness 1, LC1
Witness 2, family member
or
community member

Witness 3, ALC member

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USER LC1 LETTER LOCATION: DATE:

I/we, Mr/Ms ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………, Ugandan citizen/s

Date of birth
Place of birth
National ID no.
Telephone no.
Declare:

1. That I/we own the land located in

District
Sub-county
Parish
Village
Area known as
(Plot identifier)
2. That the plot is on Mailo/Customary/Freehold/Leasehold land and has an approximate area of ………….
Acres.

I/we obtained the land in the year………... through purchase/inheritance/gift by family head/other (please
detail).

3. That the plot is for agricultural/residential/mixed use.

4. That my/our neighbours are:

To the North

To the East
To the South
To the West

5. That I/we am/are not aware of any other claim or conflict on this land.

6. That I am leasing/ renting the plot to Mr/Ms …………………………………………………………………..………………,

Date of birth

Place of birth
National ID or
Passport/other

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Telephone no.

7. The land is leased/rented for agricultural/residential/mixed use.

8. The land is leased/rented for use for a period of ………… months/years starting from (date) …………………..

9. That Mr/Ms …………………………………………… will compensate/not compensate me/us for the use of the
land. The compensations shall consist of (amount and kind of compensation) ………….…………………………. to
be corresponded every month/every season/every year.

10. That in case of breach of this agreement I am entitled to claim the plot back after a period of
……….…. Months.

Signed:
Persons Name Signature
Owner/s of the land
User/s of the land
Witness 1, LC1
Witness 2, ALC member

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5. Water assessment for district target areas

5.1. Zonal maps

The SAE can use the following to help in their preliminary district analysis and for the site assessments.
Example groundwater maps are shown below.

Figure 32 Groundwater Potential Map

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Figure 33 Water Supply Technology Options Map

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5.2.Irrigation water requirement

The SAE can use the following to help in their preliminary district analysis and for the site assessments.

You can obtain climate data for your area from local meteorological agency, Uganda National Meteorology
Authority may already have data (https://unma.go.ug/).

ClimWat offers observed agroclimatic data of over 5000 stations worldwide for support of the computer
program CropWat, which is used for the calculation of crop water requirements and irrigation requirements
based on soil, climate and crop data.

ClimWat can be downloaded from the FAO website. In the program, click on one of the stations in Uganda
(Figure 34) and then ‘Export Selected Stations’. Two files are then created: CLI (for rainfall) and PEN (for
climate) extensions. Next, go to CropWat, click on ‘Climate/ET0’, and open the .PEN file; click on ‘Rain’ and
open the .CLI file. Rainfall and ET0 values are then shown in tables and can be made visible in charts as well.

More detailed information on ClimWat can be found in this manual.

INFOBOX What is evapotranspiration?

Evapotranspiration is the sum of evaporation from the soil and plant transpiration. Transpiration
is the process of water movement through a plant; the water that enters through the roots and
leaves from aerial parts such as leaves, stems and flowers. Evapotranspiration also accounts for
precipitation that is intercepted by the canopy and subsequently evaporated.

The amount of evapotranspiration is determined by climatic factors: solar radiation, temperature,

humidity and windspeed. It also depends on the crop type and growth stage: a fully grown
tomato plant transpires more than a newly transplanted potato plant, for example. The reference
evapotranspiration (ET0) of a certain location is the evapotranspiration of well-watered, short
grass; this indicates the atmospheric demand for moisture. Actual evapotranspiration (ETA) is the
evapotranspiration that actually happens, so for the specific crop type and depending on soil
water availability. ET values are usually expressed in mm / day; typical values for ET0 in Uganda
are around 5 mm / day.

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INFOBOX Climate of Uganda

The climate in Uganda is equatorial, with little variation in temperatures throughout the year.
Precipitation is more variable during the year. Generally, in the southern regions most rain falls in
two rainy seasons: March – May and October – December. In the north annual rainfall is lower, with
a more clear distinction between the rainy season (April – October) and the dry season. However, it
is important to understand that even within regions the climate is not uniform because of the
influence of mountains, lakes and other topographical features. Important aspects of climate:

• Climate in Uganda is very location dependent – even within regions there is considerable
variation;
• Climate data show averages for multiple decades – a certain year may have for example a
longer dry period or an earlier start of the rainy season;
• Climate is changing – this mainly influences amount and intensity of rainfall in Uganda.
Climate change in Uganda
Most climate change studies project an increase of more than 10% in average precipitation rates for
Uganda during both the long- and short rains season (March – May and October – December). A
longer wet season extending into January or even February is also projected. This increases the
amount of water available for agriculture, although average temperatures are also expected to
increase by about 2 degrees towards 2055, which means higher evapotranspiration.
For more information on climate change effects for Uganda, see (I) and (II).

Figure 34 Farming systems of Uganda

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5.3.Irrigation Requirement Calculations

This section selects and calculates irrigation water requirements for the four clusters of the Micro-scale
Irrigation Program (shown below).

Figure 35 Adaptation figure highlighting chosen weather stations associated with each cluster.

Each cluster is represented by a ‘best fit’ weather station chosen according to its relative location with each
respective cluster. The location of each station is outlined by a star in Figure 35.

Weather stations were chosen based on centrality to the cluster, where possible, otherwise stations were
selected according to general proximity, Table 20 below.

Cluster Station Name Latitude Longitude Station ID

Cluster 1 Mubende 0.58 °N 31.36 °E 3906
Cluster 2 Kampala 0.31 °N 32.61 °E 3907
Cluster 3 Mbale 1.10 °N 34.15 °E 3917
Cluster 4 Gulu 2.75 °N 32.22 °E 3919
Table 20. Representative weather stations selected for each cluster.

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5.4. Monthly Rainfall Data

The first aspect in defining water requirements is obtaining rainfall data. In this assessment, monthly
rainfall data was collected from long-term monthly records obtained via the CLIMWAT 2.0 application
database (see http://www.fao.org/land-water/databases-and-software/climwat-for-cropwat/en/).

Rainfall datasets were download and subsequently imported into the CROPWAT 8.0 application to calculate
Effective Rainfall (ER) (see http://www.fao.org/land-water/databases-and-software/cropwat/en/).

Effective Rainfall (ER), a term interchangeable with Effective Precipitation (EP), is a measure of rainfall that
is actively absorbed and stored in the root zone. The formulae used to calculate these values therefore aim
to discount all water that is lost through run-off or to groundwater. According to the USDA Soil
Conservation service, ER can be effectively calculated by Equation 1and Equation 2 which is the chosen
method of calculation in the CROPWAT 8.0 application:

Equation 1 𝑬𝑹 = (𝑹 × (𝟏𝟐𝟓 − 𝟎. 𝟐 × 𝑹))/𝟏𝟐𝟓 for when Rmonth ≤ 250 mm

Equation 2 𝑬𝑹 = 𝟏𝟐𝟓 + 𝟎. 𝟏 × 𝑹 for when Rmonth > 250mm

Where ER = Effective Rainfall, R = Measured Rainfall, and Rmonth = Monthly Rainfall

Rainfall data (mm) and the associated ER estimate (mm) are presented for each cluster in 16.

Source datasets for each figure presented in Table 21 can be found at the end of this section.

Rainfall Statistics Figures

Rainfall:
Mean: 102mm Cluster 1
Max: 159mm
180
Min: 38mm
160
Total: 1223mm
140
Millimetres (mm)

120
100
80
60
Effective Rainfall (ER):
40
Mean: 83mm 20
Max: 119mm 0
Min: 36mm
Total: 992mm

Rainfall Effectvie Rainfall (ER)

Continued over page

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Rainfall Statistics Figures

Rainfall:
Mean: 102mm Cluster 2
Max: 170mm
180
Min: 56mm
160
Total: 1224mm

Millimetres (mm)
140
120
100
80
60
Effective Rainfall (ER): 40
20
Mean: 83mm
0
Max: 124mm
Min: 51mm
Total: 999mm

Rainfall Effectvie Rainfall (ER)

Rainfall:
Mean: 96mm Cluster 3
Max: 176mm
Min: 34mm 200
Millimetres (mm)

Total: 1147mm 150

100

50
Effective Rainfall
(ER): 0
Mean: 78mm
Max: 126mm
Min: 32mm
Total: 941mm Rainfall Effectvie Rainfall (ER)

Rainfall:
Mean: 130mm
Max: 209mm
Cluster 4
Min: 17mm 250
Millimetres (mm)

Total: 1555mm 200

150
100
Effective Rainfall 50
(ER):
0
Mean: 96m
Max: 139mm
Min: 17mm
Total: 1147mm
Rainfall Effectvie Rainfall (ER)

Table 21. Monthly rainfall data and figures for all selected cluster stations

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5.5.Reference Evapotranspiration (ET0) Data

Reference Evapotranspiration (ET0) utilises climate data to estimate the reference value of evaporation
from plants and soil. ET0 is not crop specific, it is a reference value. It can be combined with crop
coefficients to estimate rates of evapotranspiration from specific crop types.

The ET0 values, Error! Reference source not found.Table 22, were calculated via the CROPWAT 8.0
application employing the Penman-Monteith equation.

The Penman-Monteith equation predicts the average daily ET0 predominantly calculated in accordance with
the FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 56, with some minor alterations.

Precise outlines of the Penman-Monteith method can be found in the same CLIMWAT 2.0 for CROPWAT
manual by Muñoz & Grieser (2006) (see http://www.juergen-grieser.de/downloads/CLIMWAT_2.pdf).

ETo (mm/day)* Cluster 1 Cluster 2 Cluster 3 Cluster 4

January 5 5 5 5
February 5 5 5 6
March 5 5 5 5
April 4 4 4 4
May 4 4 4 4
June 4 4 4 4
July 4 4 4 3
August 4 4 4 4
September 4 4 4 4
October 4 4 4 4
November 4 4 4 5
December 4 4 5 5
Average 4 4 4 5
*For irrigation design purposes, values are rounded to nearest mm

Table 22. Monthly evapotranspiration estimates for each selected cluster station

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5.6.Crop Evapotranspiration (ETc)

As mentioned, ET0 estimates provides a predicted reference evapotranspiration for a region using climate
data. However, this data can be transformed to represent the water lost from different crops.

Crops each have different rates of evapotranspiration, values for which can be accounted for through crop
coefficient (Kc) values. The Kc value, according to FAO, incorporates individual cropping coefficients and
utilises the averaged effects of evaporation from the soil and plant leaf (see
http://www.fao.org/3/x0490e/x0490e0b.htm).

Kc values were obtained for three different crops; i) Banana, ii) Small Vegetables, and iii) Coffee.

Crops have varying Kc values throughout the growth cycle. For micro-irrigation design , we selected only
the peak Kc to predict the maximum crop evapotranspiration rates. The Kc values used are displayed in
Table 23.

Kc Kc ini Kc mid Kc end Kc peak

Banana 1st year 0.5 1.1 1
2nd year 1 1.2 1.1 1.2

Vegetables (small) 1.05 0.95 1.05

Coffee bare ground 0.9 0.95 0.95
weeds 1.05 1.1 1.1 1.1

Table 23. Crop coefficient (Kc) values for Banana, Vegetables and Coffee. Source: FAO

Individual crop evapotranspiration rates can then be calculated by using the selected Kc and multiplying it
by the regional ET0 estimate (Equation 3).

Equation 3 𝑬𝑻𝒄 = 𝑬𝑻𝟎 × 𝑲𝒄

Crop evapotranspiration rates are calculated for each crop and cluster region in Table 24, and full data
displayed at the end of this section.

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ETc daily (mm)* ETc trend daily

Cluster 1
Mean: 5 Banana
Max: 6 8
Min: 5
Cluster 2 7

mm/day
Mean: 5
6
Max: 6
Min: 4 5
Cluster 3
4
Mean: 5
Max: 7
Min: 4
Cluster 4
Mean: 5 Cluster 1 Cluster 2 Cluster 3 Cluster 4
Max: 7
Min: 4
Cluster 1
Mean: 4 Vegetables
Max: 5 7
Min: 4
Cluster 2 6
mm/day

Mean: 4
5
Max: 5
Min: 4 4
Cluster 3
3
Mean: 5
Max: 6
Min: 4
Cluster 4
Mean: 5 Cluster 1 Cluster 2 Cluster 3 Cluster 4
Max: 6
Min: 4
Cluster 1
Mean: 5 Coffee
Max: 5 7
Min: 4
Cluster 2 6
mm/day

Mean: 4
5
Max: 5
Min: 4 4
Cluster 3
3
Mean: 5
Max: 6
Min: 4
Cluster 4
Mean: 5 Cluster 1 Cluster 2 Cluster 3 Cluster 4
Max: 6
Min: 4
*For irrigation design purposes, values are rounded to nearest mm

Table 24. Crop evapotranspiration estimates and figures for Banana, small Vegetable, and Coffee crops

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5.7.Irrigation Water Requirements (IWR)

The final component calculated is the Irrigation Water Requirements (IWR) of crops.

The IWR states the volume, or depth, of water required for application to a crop to offset water lost by
evapotranspiration. Different crops demonstrate that rates of evapotranspiration are specific to each as
defined by their individual ETc. As such, an IWR value must also be calculated for each.

The IWR of a crop is simply the difference between the crop specific evapotranspiration rate (ETc) and the
Effective Rainfall (ER), Equation 4 :

Equation 4 𝑰𝑾𝑹 = 𝑬𝑻𝒄 − 𝑬𝑹

The IWR equation therefore produces the volume/ depth of supplementary irrigation required for specific
crops to offset losses through evaporation.

IWR values were calculated for each crop for all clusters and is displayed in units of millimetres (Table 25). A
complete dataset of values used in these figures are outlined at the end of the section.

Further detail on IWR calculation can be obtained from FAO; Irrigation Water Requirements (see
http://www.fao.org/3/w4347e/w4347e0c.htm).

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IWR daily (mm)* IWR trends

Cluster 1
Mean: 2
Max: 4 Banana
Min: 1
7
Cluster 2 6
Mean: 2 5

mm/day
4
Max: 4 3
Min: 1 2
1
Cluster 3 0
Mean: 3 -1
Max: 5
Min: 1
Cluster 4
Mean: 2 Cluster 1 Cluster 2 Cluster 3 Cluster 4
Max: 6
Min: 0
Cluster 1
Mean: 2
Max: 4 Vegetables
Min: 1
6
Cluster 2 5
Mean: 2 4
mm/day

Max: 3 3
Min: 0 2
1
Cluster 3 0
Mean: 2 -1
Max: 5
Min: 0
Cluster 4
Mean: 2 Cluster 1 Cluster 2 Cluster 3 Cluster 4
Max: 5
Min: 1
Cluster 1
Mean: 2
Max: 4 Coffee
Min: 1
6
Cluster 2 5
Mean: 2 4
mm/day

Max: 4 3
Min: 0 2
Cluster 3 1
Mean: 2 0
-1
Max: 5
Min: 0
Cluster 4
Mean: 2
Max: 5 Cluster 1 Cluster 2 Cluster 3 Cluster 4
Min: 0
*For irrigation design purposes, values are rounded to nearest mm

Table 25. Crop Irrigation Water Requirement estimates and figures for Banana, Small Vegetables and Coffee crops

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5.8. Rainfall and Effective Rainfall Data (monthly)

Cluster 1 Cluster 2 Cluster 3 Cluster 4
Rainfall Effective Rainfall Effective Rainfall Effective Rainfall Effective
(mm) Rainfall (ER) (mm) Rainfall (ER) (mm) Rainfall (ER) (mm) Rainfall (ER)

January 38 35.7 62 55.8 34 32.2 17 16.5

February 59 53.4 65 58.2 56 51 36 33.9
March 105 87.4 133 104.7 90 77 93 79.2
April 150 114 170 123.8 156 117.1 164 121
May 105 87.4 124 99.4 176 126.4 186 130.6
June 61 55 60 54.2 99 83.3 161 119.5
July 59 53.4 56 51 110 90.6 172 124.7
August 125 100 90 77 115 93.8 209 139.1
September 145 111.4 103 86 92 78.5 185 130.2
October 159 118.6 119 96.3 99 83.3 190 132.2
November 144 110.8 151 114.5 79 69 114 93.2
December 73 64.5 91 77.8 41 38.3 28 26.7

Total 1223 991.5 1224 998.8 1147 940.6 1555 1147

Table 26 Rainfall and Effective Rainfall data for all clusters

5.9.Climate Data
Cluster 1
Month Min Temp Max Temp Humidity Wind Sun Rad ETo
°C °C % km/day hours MJ/m²/day mm/day
January 16.2 26.6 67 372 5.5 17.2 4.66
February 16.1 26.7 67 389 5.5 17.9 4.86
March 16 26 70 406 5.6 18.3 4.7
April 15.7 24.7 77 406 7 19.9 4.25
May 15.7 24 79 406 7.5 19.6 3.92
June 15.8 24.1 74 432 8.4 20.2 4.29
July 15.5 24.1 72 389 6.5 17.8 4.15
August 15.1 24 75 372 6.6 18.8 4.07
September 15.2 24.2 76 406 5.5 17.9 4.02
October 15.5 24.3 77 372 6.9 20 4.15
November 15.6 24.7 75 346 6.9 19.4 4.18
December 15.7 24.8 73 354 7.6 20.1 4.34

Average 15.7 24.9 73 387 6.6 18.9 4.3

Table 27 Annual climate data for the cluster 1 station, Mubende

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Cluster 2
Month Min Temp Max Temp Humidity Wind Sun Rad ETo
°C °C % km/day hours MJ/m²/day mm/day
January 18 28.3 68 294 7.4 20.1 4.89
February 18 28.2 69 294 7.5 21 5
March 18 27.5 74 294 6.5 19.7 4.56
April 17.5 26 82 277 6 18.4 3.82
May 17.5 25.3 84 294 6.1 17.6 3.51
June 17.1 25.1 80 311 6.2 17.1 3.56
July 16.5 25 79 311 5.6 16.5 3.54
August 16.3 25.5 81 294 5.8 17.6 3.65
September 16.5 26.5 79 294 6 18.6 4
October 16.8 27.1 77 268 6.2 18.9 4.16
November 17.2 27.1 76 251 6.2 18.4 4.11
December 17.3 27.1 74 277 6.9 19.1 4.3

Average 17.2 26.6 77 288 6.4 18.6 4.09

Table 28 Annual climate data for the cluster 2 station, Kampala

Cluster 3
Month Min Temp Max Temp Humidity Wind Sun Rad ETo
°C °C % km/day hours MJ/m²/day mm/day
January 15.6 32.1 59 233 7.4 20 5.39
February 16.3 31.6 61 233 7.5 20.9 5.48
March 16.8 30.8 66 233 6.5 19.7 5.08
April 17.1 28.8 74 233 6 18.5 4.35
May 16.8 27.8 80 233 6.1 17.7 3.86
June 16.2 27.7 78 216 6.4 17.5 3.84
July 16 27.2 77 251 5.6 16.5 3.78
August 15.7 27.5 77 251 5.8 17.6 3.98
September 15.5 28.1 76 251 6 18.6 4.23
October 15.7 28.7 75 233 6.2 18.9 4.33
November 15.8 29.8 71 233 6.2 18.3 4.49
December 15.7 30.3 67 251 6.9 18.9 4.8

Average 16.1 29.2 72 238 6.4 18.6 4.47

Table 29 Annual climate data for the cluster 3 station, Mbale

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Cluster 4
Month Min Temp Max Temp Humidity Wind Sun Rad ETo
°C °C % km/day hours MJ/m²/day mm/day
January 16.5 32 53 268 4.8 15.9 5.39
February 17.1 32.2 54 268 6.7 19.5 5.85
March 17.6 31.2 61 268 4.6 16.6 5.12
April 17.7 29.3 73 251 5.6 17.9 4.43
May 17.5 28 78 233 5.7 17.3 3.93
June 17 27.5 77 199 5.9 17.1 3.76
July 16.6 26.5 78 199 4.9 15.8 3.49
August 16.6 26.7 79 199 5.4 17.1 3.67
September 16.6 28 76 216 6.4 19.3 4.21
October 16.7 28.7 74 233 7 19.9 4.48
November 16.5 29.6 68 233 7.6 20.2 4.81
December 16.2 30.3 61 251 8 20.2 5.19

Average 16.9 29.2 69 235 6.1 18.1 4.53

Table 30 Annual climate data for the cluster 4 station, Gulu

5.10. Crop Evapotranspiration Data

Banana Crop ETc
Cluster 1 Cluster 2 Cluster 3 Cluster 4
January 5.59 5.87 6.47 6.47
February 5.83 6.00 6.58 7.02
March 5.64 5.47 6.10 6.14
April 5.10 4.58 5.22 5.32
May 4.70 4.21 4.63 4.72
June 5.15 4.27 4.61 4.51
July 4.98 4.25 4.54 4.19
August 4.88 4.38 4.78 4.40
September 4.82 4.80 5.08 5.05
October 4.98 4.99 5.20 5.38
November 5.02 4.93 5.39 5.77
December 5.21 5.16 5.76 6.23
Avg 5.16 4.91 5.36 5.43

Table 31 Calculated ETc data for Banana crops

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Small Vegetables ETc

Cluster 1 Cluster 2 Cluster 3 Cluster 4
January 4.89 5.13 5.66 5.66
February 5.10 5.25 5.75 6.14
March 4.94 4.79 5.33 5.38
April 4.46 4.01 4.57 4.65
May 4.12 3.69 4.05 4.13
June 4.50 3.74 4.03 3.95
July 4.36 3.72 3.97 3.66
August 4.27 3.83 4.18 3.85
September 4.22 4.20 4.44 4.42
October 4.36 4.37 4.55 4.70
November 4.39 4.32 4.71 5.05
December 4.56 4.52 5.04 5.45
Avg 4.51 4.30 4.69 4.75

Table 32 Calculated ETc data for Small Vegetable crops

Coffee ETc
Cluster 1 Cluster 2 Cluster 3 Cluster 4
January 5.13 5.38 5.93 5.93
February 5.35 5.50 6.03 6.44
March 5.17 5.02 5.59 5.63
April 4.68 4.20 4.79 4.87
May 4.31 3.86 4.25 4.32
June 4.72 3.92 4.22 4.14
July 4.57 3.89 4.16 3.84
August 4.48 4.02 4.38 4.04
September 4.42 4.40 4.65 4.63
October 4.57 4.58 4.76 4.93
November 4.60 4.52 4.94 5.29
December 4.77 4.73 5.28 5.71
Avg 4.73 4.50 4.91 4.98

Table 33 Calculated ETc data for Coffee crops

5.11. Irrigation Water Requirement Data

Banana IWR
Cluster 1 Cluster 2 Cluster 3 Cluster 4
January 4.44 4.07 5.43 5.94
February 3.92 3.92 4.75 5.81
March 2.82 2.09 3.61 3.59
April 1.30 0.46 1.32 1.28
May 1.88 1.01 0.55 0.50
June 3.31 2.47 1.83 0.53
July 3.26 2.60 1.61 0.17
August 1.66 1.90 1.75 -0.08
September 1.11 1.93 2.46 0.71
October 1.15 1.89 2.51 1.11
November 1.32 1.12 3.09 2.67
December 3.13 2.65 4.52 5.37
Avg 2.44 2.17 2.79 2.30

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Table 34 Calculated IWR data for Banana crops

Small Vegetables IWR

Cluster 1 Cluster 2 Cluster 3 Cluster 4
January 3.74 3.33 4.62 5.13
February 3.20 3.17 3.93 4.93
March 2.12 1.41 2.85 2.82
April 0.66 -0.12 0.66 0.62
May 1.30 0.48 -0.02 -0.09
June 2.67 1.93 1.26 -0.04
July 2.63 2.07 1.05 -0.36
August 1.05 1.35 1.15 -0.63
September 0.51 1.33 1.82 0.08
October 0.53 1.26 1.86 0.44
November 0.70 0.50 2.41 1.94
December 2.48 2.01 3.80 4.59
Avg 1.80 1.56 2.12 1.62

Table 35 Calculated IWR data for Small Vegetable crops

Coffee IWR
Cluster 1 Cluster 2 Cluster 3 Cluster 4
January 3.97 3.58 4.89 5.40
February 3.44 3.42 4.21 5.22
March 2.35 1.64 3.10 3.08
April 0.88 0.08 0.88 0.84
May 1.49 0.65 0.17 0.11
June 2.89 2.11 1.45 0.15
July 2.84 2.25 1.24 -0.18
August 1.25 1.53 1.35 -0.45
September 0.71 1.53 2.04 0.29
October 0.74 1.47 2.08 0.66
November 0.90 0.70 2.64 2.18
December 2.69 2.22 4.04 4.85
Avg 2.01 1.77 2.34 1.85

Table 36 Calculated IWR data for Coffee crops

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6. IrriTrack App and MIS - roles and access rights of different users
Users MAAIF DLG LLG
Senior System Cluster Admin Procurement Focal Point/ Data
Admin Coord Data Collector
Collector
DAIMWAP MAAIF staff DAO/PAO/SAO DCO SAE AO (District and
DAES DPMO sub-county)
GEOGRAPHIC SCOPE OF USER

Coverage – all districts or just own district All All Cluster District District District District
ADMIN FUNCTIONS

Enter/update/delete District level users x

Enter/update/delete Sub-county level users x x

Reviewing data and reports x x x x x x

Access and print finalised applications x x x x x

CHANGES TO DATA ENTERED

Make changes in applications after approval x x

Access the log of changes in applications x x x x x

DATA ENTRY & MANAGEMENT

Access to MIS x x x x x x

Access to the app x x

Submit EOI x x

Preparation for farm visit x x

Enter data on aspects of farm visit x x

Submit FINAL application (after farm visit) x x

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7. Irrigation Demonstration Site MOU

MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING

FOR

IRRIGATION DEMONSTRATION SITE

BETWEEN

……………………………………………………………… (hereinafter called the ‘farmer’)

AND

……………. ……………………, hereinafter representing the ………………… District Local

Government

The parties agree on the following roles and responsibilities with reference to the establishment,
operation and maintenance of the irrigation demonstration site as part of the Micro-scale Irrigation
Program.

The District Local Government commits to:

• cater for all expenses involved in planning and installation of the irrigation system.
• train the farmer on irrigation, irrigated agriculture as well as operation and maintenance of
the irrigation equipment as part of the regular extension service and support offered by the
District Local Government Production department.
• provide agricultural supplies per season (i.e. improved seed, fertilisers, spray pumps,
tarpaulins, selected tools etc) to be utilised during trainings in the irrigation demonstration
site.

The farmer commits to:

• host the demonstration site in his / her farm located in ………………………. Sub-
county/Town council, …………………. Parish/Ward, and ……………………Village/Cell.
• provide the land free of encumbrances for purposes of establishing the irrigation system.
• be responsible for the day-to-day cost of operations of the demonstration site (including
labour, fuel)
• carry out the required maintenance of the irrigation equipment on his / her own cost.
Income generated from the crops in the demonstration site shall be used by the farmer for
sustainability of the system.
• grant access to the District Local Government to use the irrigation demonstration site for
farmer awareness campaigns and also running of farmer field schools at no cost.
• maintain records on the farm and avail this data whenever needed to the Local
Government.

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This agreement will remain in effect for three (3) years, from the date of signing, and shall be
renewable upon fulfilment of the roles by both parties and subject to mutual agreement for
renewal. This MoU may be amended by mutual consent of the Parties through an Exchange of
Notes between the Parties. During the period of the agreement, the farmer shall have ownership of
irrigation equipment and this shall hold after the end of the agreed upon period.

The agreement may be terminated by one party by giving at least thirty (30) days’ notice in writing
to the other party. In case of termination of the agreement before the agreed period, the farmer
shall no longer retain the ownership of the irrigation system, the District Local Government shall
repossess the equipment.

Any disputes arising in connection with this consent will be amicably resolved through
negotiation by all parties. Failure of which shall be referred to arbitration in accordance with the
Arbitration and Conciliation Act Cap 4, of the Laws of Uganda.

District Local Government

Production office Chief Administrative Officer

Name: ………………………………..................... Name: ……………………………………………

Position: …………………………………………. Position: ……………………………………........

Signature: ………………………………............... Signature: ………………………………...……..

Date: ……………………………………………… Date: ……………………………………………..

Farmer Farmer’s spouse (where applicable)

Name: ………………………………...................... Name: ……………………………………………

NIN: ………………………………………………. NIN: ……………………………………………...

Phone No: ………………………………………... Phone No: ……………………………………….

Email: ……………………………………………... Signature: ………………………………………..

Signature: ………………………………………… Date: ………………………………………...........

Date: ……………………………………………….

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8. Controlled activities under the National Environment Regulations

The National Environment (Wetlands, River Banks And Lake Shores Management) Regulations, No. 3/2000
(Under section 107 of the National Environmental Act Cap 153). STATUTORY INSTRUMENTS, 2000 No.3
(After revision this is now known as ‘NEA 2019’)

8.1.Wetlands
SECOND SCHEDULE: (Regulation 11&12)

Regulated activities in a wetland are:

1. Brick making

2. Recreational activities such as spot fishing, maintenance of green spaces

3. Cultivation

4. Drainage

5. Commercial exploitation of wetland resources

6. Sewerage filtration

7. Fishing using fish gear and weirs, fish farming and other aquaculture

8. Construction of transport and communication facilities such as roads, railways, telephone lines

9. Burning

10. Any exploitative activity which is of a commercial or trade nature, such as harvesting of papyrus for
commercial purposes.

Therefore, the Microscale Irrigation program cannot allow development of irrigation within a wetland. This
would require a permit. Likewise, extraction of water from wetland could be construed as drainage and
require a permit.

Duty of land owners and users:

The schedule states that: “Every landowner, occupier or user who is adjacent or contiguous with a wetland
shall have a duty to prevent the degradation or destruction of the wetland and shall maintain the ecological
and other functions of the wetland”.

Therefore, the Microscale Irrigation program cannot allow development of irrigation alongside a wetland as
the movement of soil and pesticides in drainage water may impact the wetland. The program will therefore
treat a wetland as an unscheduled river and maintain a 30m protection zone.

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8.2.Rivers
SIXTH SCHEDULE (Regulation 29)

The SCHEDULED rivers are:

1. R. Nile from Lake Victoria to Lake Albert.

2. R. Aswa.

3. R. Katonga.

4. R. Nkusi.

5. R Kafu.

6. R. Rwizi.

7. R. Kagera.

8. R. Mpanga.

9. R. Manafwa.

10. R. Mpologoma.

11. R Semliki.

12. R. Mubuku.

13. R. Mayanja.

14. R. Sezibwa.

15. R. Malaba.

16. R. Sipi.

17. R. Namatala.

18. R. Sironko.

19. R. Muzizi.

20. R. Nabuyonga.

The regulations state that there can be no development or works within 100m of the highest watermark of
these scheduled rivers without a permit. For non-scheduled rivers there should be no development within
30m of the highest watermark without a permit. Therefore, the Microscale Irrigation program cannot allow
irrigation development within these zones.

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8.3.Lakes
SEVENTH SCHEDULE (Regulation 30)

The SCHEDULED lakes are:

1. L.Victoria.

2. L. Kyoga.

3. L. Albert.

4. L. Edward.

5. L. George.

6. L. Bisina.

7. L. Mburo.

8. L. Bunyonyi.

9. L. Kijanibarora.

10. L. Kwania.

11. L. Wamala.

12. L. Mutanda.

13. L. Marebe

14. L. Opeta.

15. L. Nabugabo.

16. L. Nkugute.

17. L. Katunga.

18. L. Nyabihoko.

19. L. Nakivale.

The regulations state that here can be no development or works within 200m of the edges of scheduled
lakes without a permit. For non-scheduled lakes there should be no development within 100m without a
permit. The edge is where the water or beach if there is a beach merges with the vegetation. Therefore, the
Microscale Irrigation program cannot allow irrigation development within these zones.

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9. Environmental assessment

Environment and Climate Change Screening Form

Please type or print clearly, completing this form in its entirety. You may provide
additional information on a separate sheet of paper if necessary. Kindly note that the
information you are to provide is required by Section 22 of the National Environment Act Cap
153. (To be filled by the Environment focal point person at sub-county level or Environment
Officer at the District Municipal Council)

Name of the project

Sector of the project
User department
Location coordinates
Village
Parish
Sub-county
District

1. Brief Description of the Proposed Project

a. Please provide information on the type and scale of the project (project area, area of required land,
approximate size of total building floor areas, etc.)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--

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--
b. Will the project/facility require auxiliary facilities? YES….. NO……. Please include the type
of auxiliary/ancillary facilities required.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--

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--

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2. The Natural Environment

c. Describe the land formation, topography, vegetation in/adjacent to the project area (e.g is it a
low lying land, waterlogged, rocky, swampy or wetland, etc). Estimate and determine whether
vegetation might need to be cleared
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

d. Are there any environmentally sensitive areas or threatened species that could be adversely
affected by the project (specify below)?
i. Forest YES …………… NO …………..
ii. Wetlands YES …………… NO …………..
iii. Water YES …………… NO …………..
iv. Habitats of endangered species protected by law YES …… NO ……
v. Land YES …………… NO …………..
vi. Others (e.g cultural sites, burial ground) YES …… NO ……

3. Wetland systems
a. How far is the nearest wetland from the project site? …………………KM
b. Will the project adversely affect the wetland system? YES…… NO…….
4. Rivers and lakes ecology
Is there a possibility that due to construction and operation of the project, the river and lake
ecology will be adversely affected? Attention should be paid to water quality and quantity, the
nature of productivity and use of aquatic habitats, variations of these over time.

YES……. NO………..

5. Geology and Soils

Based on visual inspection or available literature, are their areas:

a. Of the possible geologic or soil instability YES…… NO ……..
b. Does that have risks of large scale increase in soil salinity? YES……. NO ……

6. Ground Water
a. Will the project require ground water? YES……. NO………
b. If yes, does the project have plans for catchment protection?
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----

7. Air pollution
Will the project release pollutants in the atmosphere? YES…… NO…….

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8. Noise pollution during construction and operations

Will the operating noise level exceed the allowable noise limits? YES……. NO…….
9. Solid or Liquid wastes, including medical waste
a. Will the project generate solid or liquid wastes, including medical wastes? YES…. NO…
b. If yes how will it be handled? ……………………………………………………………….
c. Will the project involve latrines; soak pit, septic tank or sewerage systems? YES… NO...
d. What is the estimated distance of the pit latrine from the nearest water source?
(Distance should not be less than 50 meters) …………………

10. Access and use of local resources

a. Will the project affect access to natural resources? YES….. NO…..
b. Will there be additional demand for local resources (e.g. water supply, sanitation facilities,
health Centre, lodging etc.? YES…… NO…….
11. Pesticides, Insecticides, Herbicides or any other poisonous or hazardous chemicals
a. Will the project require the use of such chemicals? YES….. NO…….
b. If YES, how will the chemicals be handled?
...................................................................................................................................

12. Petroleum based fuels and/or by-products

a. Will the project use petroleum based fuels? YES……… NO……….
b. Will the project use petroleum-based bi-products like bitumen? YES….. NO……
13. Health and Safety
a. Will the project safeguard workers health and safety? YES…… NO……
b. If yes, specify measures in place to safeguard human health and safety

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

c. Will the project activities affect the community health and safety? YES….. NO…..
d. If yes, specify the measures in place to safeguard human health and safety.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

14. Climate change

a. Is the project susceptible to landslides, earthquakes, flooding, erosion, lightening or extreme
weather conditions? YES….. NO……
b. If YES, what measures are in place to mitigate or adapt the negative impacts of climate
change?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………
15. Historical, archaeological and cultural Heritage sites
a. Based on community consultation with authorities, local knowledge and/or observations,
could the sub-project alter any historical, archaeological or cultural heritage sites or require
excavation nearby? YES….. NO……
b. If YES, provide additional description, possible alternative and/or appropriate mitigation

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measures to consider.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………
16. Land use, resettlement and/or land acquisition
a. Are there any land use plans on or nearby the project location, which will be negatively
affected by project implementation? YES….. NO…….
b. Will involuntary resettlement, land acquisition, or loss, denial or restriction of access to land
and other economic activities be caused by project implementation? YES….
NO…….
17. Loss of crops, fruits, trees and household infrastructure
Will the project result in permanent or temporary loss of crops, fruit trees, and household
infrastructure (such as granaries, latrines, kitchens etc.)? YES…. NO……
18. Landscape/Aesthetics
Is there a possibility of the project adversely affecting the land scape/aesthetic attractiveness of
the local landscape? YES…. NO…..
19. Vulnerable people
a. Will the project employ the local community? YES…. NO…..
b. Will the project displace historically disadvantaged people? YES….. NO….
c. Will the project sensitize on HIV and AIDS? YES…… NO……
d. Will women and youth be considered for employment? YES….. NO……
e. Will the project lead to gender-based violence? YES….. NO……
f. Will the project lead to violence against children? YES….. NO……
g. Will the project employ child labor? YES….. NO……

20. Grievance Redress

h. Will the project have a grievance redress mechanism? YES…. NO……

EVALUATION
1. Produce significant amounts of pollutants: YES [ ] NO [ ]
2. Type of pollutants (If YES in 1) Air [ ] Water [ ] Ground [ ]
3. Negative impacts in large scale: YES [ ] NO [ ]
4. Irreversible destruction of fragile system YES [ ] NO [ ]
5. Depletion, displacement or extinction of protected species YES [ ] NO [ ]
6. Negative impacts whose mitigation requires consultation: YES [ ] NO [ ]
7. Negative cumulative impacts in foreseeable future: YES [ ] NO [ ]
8. Noncompliance to social policy: YES [ ] NO [ ]
9. Need for further studies: YES [ ] NO [ ]

RECOMMENDATIONS:
Based on the above screening results, the following recommendations are made;
Before construction/civil works can commence, the following safeguard documents must be
prepared (tick as relevant)
a. ESIA…………….
b. Project Brief…….
c. ESMP……………
d. RAP……………..

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PREPARED
BY:…………………………………………………………………………………….
SIGNATURE:……………………………………………………………………………………
…..
DESIGNATION:…………………………………………………………………………………
….
DATE:………………………………………………………………………………………………

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10. Mapping the site

The land to be irrigated

A site survey provides the first visualisation of the design options: what is the elevation, what does the
water source look like. This field information is important as it will support the follow-up design behind the
desk.

You will need to measure and map the area of the land to be irrigated. For this purpose there are two
possible approaches:

1) Use the GPS function in the phone or tablet

2) Use a tape measure

You should use both approaches. Using the IrriTrack App there should be functionality to map the boundary
of the field by walking all along the boundary of the field and it will store the boundary and calculate the
area automatically.

If the IrriTrack App is not working then use the “GPS essentials” app available from Google Play Store for
free. GPS essentials is a very suitable app for all kinds of GPS applications. More information can be found
in the manual (www.gpsessentials.com) and instruction videos on their YouTube channel
(www.youtube.com/user/gpsessentialsapp).

Also write down the GPS points at the corners of the land to be irrigated to give a hard copy backup.

As a check you can also measure the land with a tape measure, this can then also be used to estimate the
area. This provides a backup to the estimate using the IrriTrack or GPS essentials apps.

Take pictures of the land to be irrigated from North, South, East and West.

Things to check:
The land area to be irrigated must be less than 2.5 acres. If the area is more than 2.5 acres then you will
need to discuss with the farmer how to reduce the area as the Micro-Scale Irrigation Program is limited a
maximum area of 2.5 acres per farmer.

Check the distance of the land from any rivers. The regulations state that there can be no development or
works within 100m of the highest watermark of scheduled rivers without a permit. For non-scheduled
rivers there should be no development within 30m of the highest watermark without a permit. Therefore,
the Microscale Irrigation program cannot allow irrigation development within these zones.

Check the distance of the land from any lakes. The regulations state that here can be no development or
works within 200m of the edges of scheduled lakes without a permit. For non-scheduled lakes there should
be no development within 100m without a permit. The edge is where the water or beach if there is a beach
merges with the vegetation. Therefore, the Microscale Irrigation program cannot allow irrigation
development within these zones.

Is the land within a wetland? Farming in a wetland is not permitted, therefore the Microscale Irrigation
program cannot allow irrigation development within a wetland.

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Water source location

Use the “tracking” function in IrriTrack or GPS essentials to track the pathway the pipe will take from the
water source to the land to be irrigated. You can also make a check estimate by counting your number of
footsteps. Then see how many footsteps you take over a 10m distance measured with a tape measure to
convert your footsteps to meters.

For the water source take pictures and get the GPS location, again also write down a hard copy.

10.2. Measuring elevation

Elevation change
To determine the height difference between the water source and the land to be irrigated use the Hand
Sight Level as described below:

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A Builders Level tool will be used to The builders level has a level vial and a bubble, Look along the level whilst a colleague Whatever objects you can see
measure the elevation change. which when in the middle gives you a checks that the bubble is in the middle along the top of the level when
Measure the distance from the horizontal line of sight. so that the level is horizontal. You are the bubble is lined up is level
ground to your eye height. This now looking along a horizontal line. with your eye height.
gives you a base number to use in
your calculations.

Start at the level of the water Then move to point A. Repeat the same Repeat the same process. You can repeat this process as
source. Look towards the field along process. Look along the level. Choose an object Look along the level. Choose an object many times as is needed until
the level. Choose an object that you that you can see is level with your eye height on that you can see is level with your eye you reach the level of the field
can see is level with your eye height the slope. Think of this as point B. Move to height on the slope. Think of this as to be irrigated.
on the slope. Think of this as point A. point B. This is your next measurement point C. When you move to point C Add up the number of eye
This is your first measurement complete. The elevation is now 2 x your eye the elevation will now be 3 x your eye heights together to calculate
complete. The elevation change so height. height. the elevation from the water
far is whatever your eye height is. source to the field.
Elevation change = A + B + C
(i.e. 3 x eye height).
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Notes:
1) For the last sighting, if this is less than a full eye-height, then just estimate the height.
2) If the slope is every steep e.g. a steep sided river bank, or you need the depth of water in a well, just use a tape measure to estimate the height and
then add that measurement onto the elevation calculation.

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11. Soil assessment

The SAE can use the following to help in their site assessments

11.1. Introduction
Since soils are literally the basis for crop production, it is important to make an initial assessment of the
suitability of the soils for irrigation. For an initial assessment, the most important soil properties for
irrigation suitability are:

- Soil texture that determines the water storage and infiltration and drainage

- Soil depth and presence of rocks and hard layers in the profile

- Soil chemical properties such as pH and salinity that influence the soil nutrient balance

Soil texture is the relative proportion of sand, silt and clay present in a soil. Water can be stored in the
spaces (soil pores) between these soil particles.

Apart from some exceptions (very sandy soils, salinized soils etc.), the assessment of the characteristics of
soils is not critical. Suitability for irrigation can be assessed easily by observing the crops that are grown in
the area, interviews with farmers and by doing some basic in-field soil tests. These tests give information on
soil texture, the presence of hard layers and the depth of the groundwater table.

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11.2. Step 1 – Refer to soil maps and online information

What Type of Tool Accessible via

SoilGrids Web viewer for https://soilgrids.org

soil info

USDA Soil texture https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/

calculator survey/?cid=nrcs142p2_054167

Map of soils of Uganda

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The following properties can be noted:

• pH;

• Sand, silt and clay content;

• Volumetric water content at wilting point.

11.3. Step 2 – Dig a hole

By digging a hole or using an auger one can easily determine:

1. the depth of the soil (if bedrock is close to the surface, e.g. closer than 1 meter)
2. the depth of the water table (if the hole fills up with water)
3. compacted layers

For this a measuring tape is necessary as well. If an auger is not available a shovel, hoe or other
digging tool can be used.

11.4. Step 3 – Soil texture

A simple test to determine soil texture can be done by hand: grab a good handful of soil, wet it until just
moist and try to roll it into a different shape. The image below gives an indication of soil texture depending
on the shape you can get:

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Figure 36 Assessing soil texture by feel (source: FAO)

A related but slightly more elaborate method (the ribbon test) is explained in this video; a ribbon chart for
detailed soil structure classification can be found here.

Soil texture can also be determined with the jar test (video). For this you fill about 1/2 of a clean jar with
soil, add water, shake for some time until all particles are in suspension, and leave the jar for 2 or 3 days for
the sediment to settle. The different layers (sand, silt and clay) are then separated, and the relative height
represents the division of particle sizes in the soil. The soil texture can then be determined using the soil
texture triangle (Figure 37) or this calculator.

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Figure 37 Soil texture triangle

Other basic in-field soil tests can be found on the FAO website.

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11.5. Step 4 – Suitability assessment for irrigation

In this step the suitability of the soil for irrigation is assessed; in most cases, however, irrigation is possible,
and only some soils will have serious limitations regarding irrigation. In this stage it will only be assessed if
soil depth, pH and soil texture are limiting factors.

Soil depth
For irrigation the soil needs a minimum depth of 50 cm until bedrock or another hard / compacted layer.
Moreover, if the water table is closer than 1 meter from the surface, irrigation is not recommended since
roots can then take up water directly from the groundwater and there will be a risk of soil salinity.

Soil texture
Soil texture determines how water is retained in the soil (for plant availability) and the drainage capacity.
Table 37 can be used for an indication of these soil characteristics for general soil types:

Table 37 Texture effects on soil properties relating to irrigation (Schroeder et al., 2007; from sugarresearch.com.au)

For irrigation, it is important that the soil is not too sandy (maximum percentage sand = 85%), otherwise
irrigation water will infiltrate and drain too fast, leaving less water available for the crops. Likewise, soils
can be not too clayey (maximum percentage clay = 90%), or irrigation water cannot leave the soil too
slowly, causing saturation and related problems (asphyxiation of roots).

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Water in the soil

Soils can have different states regarding soil water content (expressed with the Greek letter θ). At
saturation, all the pores are filled with water, and if the soil below is not saturated water will move
downwards because of gravity. At field capacity excess water is drained away, and part of the pores is now
filled with air. This usually takes place 2-3 days after rain or irrigation in most soils. (Permanent) wilting
point is defined as the minimum amount of water in the soil that a plant requires not to wilt: if soil
moisture becomes lower, roots are no longer able to suck out the water.

Figure 38 Different states of soil water content

More information
The FAO guide on irrigation design (Module 2, Chapter 3) provides more background information on soil properties
and surveys for irrigation development.

10.6 Form for Soil assessment:

Basic information

Date Location coordinates

Location

Information from Soilgrids website and maps

Clay (%) Depth to bedrock (m)

Silt (%) pH in H2O

Sand (%) Volumetric water content

at wilting point (%)
Texture (from triangle):

Basic soil tests

Hole method Soil texture by feel

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Depth to bedrock (m)

Depth to water table (m) Soil texture by jar test

Presence of hard / compacted layers, rocks Type height (cm) %

(description + depth)
Sand

Silt

Clay

Total:

Texture (from triangle):

Plant available water (mm/m)

Sources of information
No. Author Title Type of Topic covered Description/Comments
Document

1 FAO Introduction to Website Basic info on soil & http://www.fao.org/3/r408

irrigation. Chapter irrigation 2e/r4082e03.htm
2: soil & water

2 Sugarresea Soil and irrigation: Info sheet Soil and irrigation: soil https://sugarresearch.com.
rch.com.au soil texture and texture and structure au/wp-
structure content/uploads/2017/02/I
S14022-Soils-and-irrigation-
soil-texture-and-
structure.pdf

3 Oklahoma Soil Type and YouTube Basics on soil & https://www.youtube.com/

Gardening Irrigation video irrigation watch?v=yMMvh6k3zXQ

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12. Water resource assessment

The SAE can use the following to help in their site assessments.

What Type Accessible via

ClimWat Climate data http://www.fao.org/land-water/databases-and-software/climwat-

for-cropwat/en/ for the program

Tools for fieldwork: • GPS, stopwatch (or a mobile phone with both functions)

• Measuring tape (at least 10 meters)

• Floating object (piece of fruit / water bottle etc.)

• Bucket (minimum 10 litres)

• Mechanical current meter with propeller (if available)

• Field test kit for water quality / EC meter (if available)

Table 38 Software and field tools

12.1. Identify local water sources for irrigation

The next step in the initial water assessment is to give a first estimation of the available water sources
within an area. Potential water sources for irrigation are:

• Rivers and streams

• Lakes

• Wetlands

• Springs

• Groundwater, hand dug wells

• Dams, storage reservoirs, valley tanks

In the initial water assessment, it is important to get to know the capacity of these sources – that is, how
much water is available for irrigation, but also in which time of year. Rivers, for example, contain a lot of
water after rainy seasons but may run dry soon afterwards.

Map the identified water sources using the IrriTrack App.

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12.2. Characterization of water sources: rivers and streams

To characterize a stream you have to walk alongside the channel and describe the following aspects:

Stream type: brief description regarding the stream type and its environment, e.g. ‘small, steep, fast-
flowing mountain stream in between rocks’ or ‘broad, slowly flowing lowland stream with lots of reed on
the banks’.

Channel dimensions: (average) channel width and depth.

12.3. Quantification of water sources: rivers and streams

For an initial assessment of the capacity of rivers and streams, analysis of streamflow is needed.
Streamflow is expressed as the amount of water that flows through the stream in a certain amount of time
(typically per second); this is also called the discharge of a stream.

Discharge can be measured by the float method. With the float method the discharge in a stream is
determined by multiplying the cross sectional area of water by the average velocity of the water.

1. Select a suitable channel section for float measurement. Criteria are:

• Straight with more or less uniform cross-section along the entire section;

• Uniform and steady flow (no turbulence or stagnant water);

• Minimum length of 10 meters.

2. Measure and mark the length of the section.

3. Measure a representative width of the section.

4. Measure the depth at three points along the width and take the average.

5. Calculate the section area: width * average depth.

6. Release the float a little distance from the reach (so it has the stream’s velocity at the beginning of the
reach) and time how long it takes for it to reach the end of the section.

7. Repeat 3 times and take the average value.

8. Calculate the float velocity: section length / average time.

9. Calculate the stream discharge: velocity * section area * correction factor.

A correction factor needs to be applied since the measured velocity is not the average velocity in the
whole cross section; flow is obstructed at the sides of the channel and also slower towards the bottom.
For most small streams a correction factor of 0.85 is suitable.

The FAO provides a complete manual for the float method, and a video example can be found here. It is
important to note that the used float needs to be partially submerged, so it is less influenced by the wind. A
stick or leave is thus not a good float in this case; a piece of fruit (orange, lemon etc.) or a partly filled bottle
are suitable floats.

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An example for calculating discharge using the float method:

The stream velocity is measured with the time it takes an orange to travel 10 meters in a stream.
3 timings are taken: 40.24, 39.76 and 39.04 seconds. The width of the stream is 0.6 meters and
the 3 measured depths are 0.30, 0.58 and 0.47 meters. What is the stream discharge?

Q=v*A*k in which Q = discharge (m3/s), v = velocity (m/s), A = cross sectional area (m2) and
k is a correction factor;

v=d/t in which d = distance (m) and t = time (sec).

The average time is 39.68 seconds, the distance is 20 meters, so v = 10 / 39.68 = 0,25 m/s.

Average depth 0.45 meters. The cross sectional area A is then: A = 0.6 * 0.45 = 0.27 m 2.

Total discharge Q is then: 0.25 m/s * 0.27 m2 * 0.85 = 0.057 m3/s = 57 litres per second.
Typical discharge values for small streams are between 10 and about 200 litres per second; however, after
rains this can easily become over 1,000 litres per second.

12.4. Quantification of streamflow variability

In addition to measuring the discharge, it is important to know the variability of the streamflow. E.g, streams
that are primarily fed by rainwater can run dry rather quickly a few days after a storm, while streams that are
primarily fed by groundwater have a more stable baseflow throughout the year. To get an idea of this
variability, it is important to talk to the local people and ask them about water levels throughout the year
and if anything changed in comparison to other years. Flood levels and whether rivers have run dry in the
past are also important pieces of information which can be obtained from the community.

12.5. First indication of stream irrigation capacity

Once the variability of the stream is known, a first assessment of the irrigation water availability from the
stream can be made. It is important to take into consideration that the discharge on which the irrigation
system will be designed depends on the purpose of irrigation. For example, if the purpose of irrigation is to
overcome dry spells during the rainy season, the design discharge is higher (since streamflow is higher)
than if the purpose of irrigation is crop production during the dry season, when streamflow is lower.

With the first assessment of irrigation water availability from the stream one can also make an estimation
of the area. An irrigation amount of 1 l/s/ha or 0.4 l/s/acre is used as a rule of thumb, which means in this
case that with the water from the stream in the float example 57 / 0.4 = 142 acres can be irrigated. This is
off course dependent on the specific crop, but is a good first estimation of the irrigation capacity of a
stream.

12.6. Quantification of other water sources: lakes, swamps and other reservoirs
Small lakes and other reservoirs may also be used as a source of irrigation water. To estimate the volume, it
is necessary to know the area (in m2) and the average depth of the reservoir. The area can be measured by

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walking around the lake with a GPS, or from satellite imagery. To make a conservative estimate of the
volume, half the measured depth should be taken for calculation of the volume.

An example for calculating the volume of a small lake:

The area of a small lake is 200 m2, and the measured depth in the middle is 0.9 m. The estimated
volume is then 200 * 0.9 * 0.5 = 90 m3

However, the volume of a lake may not be the same as the capacity for irrigation water. For example, if the
90 m3 from the lake is used within just one dry season, the inflow during the following rainy season may not
be enough to bring the water in the lake back to the same level.

Pumping test
Another possibility is to place a pump with a known capacity (in litres per second) in a pond, stream, bore
or well and see what happens if it is pumping for at least 12 hours. If the water level visibly drops, note the
height difference and amount of time the pump was active. If possible, also visit the source the following
day to check if its water level is back to normal again. In case the water level does not visibly drop, recharge
is probably sufficient for the source to be used for the proposed scale of irrigation systems.

To measure the capacity of pumps, the bucket method can be used, in which the total time it takes to fill a
bucket with a known volume is measured. The bucket method can also be used to measure the discharge of
small canals, for example if there is an elevation drop or where they are converted through hollow trees. A
video example of how to measure flow with the bucket method can be found here.

An example for calculating pump capacity with the bucket method:

A bucket with a volume of 20 liters is filled 3 times from a pump, and the number of seconds it takes to
fill the bucket is 8.43, 8.62 and 8.31 seconds. What is the capacity of the pump?

The average time it takes to fill the 20 liter bucket is 8.45 seconds. The capacity is then:

Q=V/t in which Q = capacity (l/s), V = volume (l) and t = time (sec).

Q = 20 / 8.45 = 2.37 l/s

More information on potential surface water sources can be found in the FAO
Irrigation Design Manual: Module 2 – Chapter 4

Boreholes and hand dug wells

Another potential source of irrigation water is groundwater. During the participatory mapping exercise,
locations in which groundwater naturally comes to the surface (groundwater wells) or boreholes may be
identified. For more background information on the functioning of both shallow and deep groundwater
wells, see this FAO chapter on groundwater use for irrigation. The capacity of boreholes and wells can also
be quantified with the bucket method.
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More information on groundwater resources can be found in the FAO Irrigation Design
Manual: Module 2 – Chapter 5

Depth of water
For the types of surface pumps used in this program the difference between the pump inlet and the water
source (the Vertical suction lift) should be less than 6m vertical difference.

Figure 25 Vertical suction lift

This is because if the difference is greater than 6m then the suction of the pump will cause air in the water
to form bubbles and cause cavitation. This means the pump will not be able to pump the full flow of water
and after time will damage the pump.

With groundwater from a well or borehole there will be drawdown with pumping therefore there needs to
be an extra allowance of 2-4m for this drawdown. Therefore, the starting water level can only be 0-2m
below the inlet of the pump.

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Figure 26 Drawdown

Borehole pumps that sit at the bottom of the

borehole or well are under the water so there
is no suction component to worry about. Also,
drawdown is not a problem unless the
borehole or well runs dry due to pumping at
too high a rate.

To estimate how much water a bore or well

may provide conduct a pump test as outlined
above.

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Water quality
Besides water quantity, it is also important to know the quality of the water to be used for irrigation.
Irrigation water comes from a number of different sources and so its quality varies. Water from various
sources may be of an unsuitable quality for its intended use for irrigation, stock, household or other farm
activities. It is important to identify and correct water quality problems that may affect on-farm use and
productivity.

Problems with water quality may have a chemical basis (for example, acidic or alkaline water or
concentrations of certain elements) or be of a physical nature (for example, plant growth such as algae).
Some problems may be more obvious than others, and some may require more extensive treatment than
others.

Water quality can affect plants, soils, irrigation equipment, stock and domestic use.

pH

The pH balance of a water supply describes how acidic or alkaline it is. The acidity (or alkalinity) of a water
supply can affect plant growth, irrigation equipment, pesticide efficiency and drinking water.

Water with a pH below 7 is acid and water with a pH above 7 is alkaline. Most natural waters are between
pH 5 and 8.

The generally accepted pH for irrigation water is between 5.5 and 7.5, but some problems can occur within
this range.

Alkaline water may contain high concentrations of bicarbonate (generally in water of pH 8 and above) and
carbonates (generally pH 9 and above). This can cause calcium and magnesium to precipitate from the soil,
this can affect plant growth. Some trace elements, like copper and zinc, will also be less available to the
plant in this situation.

A pH greater than 7.5 is likely to reduce the effectiveness of chlorine disinfection.

Acidic water can also have a detrimental effect on plant growth, particularly causing nutritional problems,
while strongly acidic water (below pH 4) can contribute to soil acidification. A pH less than 6 indicates
corrosiveness, which can lead to damage to metal pipes, tanks and fittings.

Iron

Soluble iron and iron-loving bacteria can cause blockages in pipes, drippers and sprinklers and can damage
equipment such as pressure gauges. If water with high soluble iron is applied by spray, it can discolour
leaves and reduce the efficiency of transpiration and photosynthesis. High levels of soluble iron are usually
associated with deep bores and dams where oxygen supply is limited. Aeration oxidises the iron, forming
solid particles that can then settle out of solution. Iron is soluble in water where there is little or no oxygen.
Oxidising the iron makes it form solid particles that can then settle out of solution or be caught in a filter.

Hardness

Water that contains high levels of dissolved calcium or magnesium salts, or both, is described as being
‘hard’. Other cations such as iron, manganese, aluminium and zinc can also contribute to hardness. Water

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hardness is defined in terms of calcium carbonate (CaCO3, also known as ‘lime’). The level of hardness
(Table 39) is expressed as the total amount of CaCO3 in milligrams per litre of water (mg/L).

Description of water Hardness expressed as mg/L

of CaCO3
Soft less than 50
Moderately soft 50–75
Slightly hard 75–150
Hard 150–300
Very hard greater than 300
Table 39 Classification of water hardness

Salinity

Salinity is the concentration of all soluble salts in water or in the soil. Plants are adversely affected by
salinity in several ways. The most important of these is that it limits the ability of plants to take up water. If
the soil water salt concentration is too high the plant will not be able to absorb water: it will wilt and begin
to die. The point at which this happens depends on the type of plant, some crops are more tolerant to salts
than others. Tolerance also varies with the stage of growth, especially at germination and at the seedling
stage when plants are most susceptible.

In water, salinity is usually measured by its electrical conductivity (EC), which is a measure of the
concentration of ions in water or in the soil solution. The international standard for measuring salinity is
deci-Siemens per metre (dS/m), but several other units of measurement are still in use.

For most crops more than 2 dS/m will cause reductions in crop yield.

EC readings are a general indicator of the salt concentration. They do not tell you the type of salts or their
relative concentrations. Plants can also be affected by the toxicity of some elements in saline water,
especially chloride, sodium and boron.

Basic water quality (pH and electrical conductivity (EC) can be tested with a portable meter.

MORE INFORMATION
FAO’s Water quality for agriculture (1985) presents an extensive guide on water quality for
irrigation purposes.

Technical Guidelines Version 2, June 2022 Page 183 of 220

UgIFT Micro-Scale Irrigation Program

Field form: Water Assessment

Basic information

Date Location coordinates

Location

Climatic data Available water sources

Month P Peff ET0 Rivers and streams

(mm) (mm) (mm/d)

1 Stream
description
2

3 Stream width (m)

4 Average stream depth (m)

5 Channel form

6 Stream discharge (l/s)

7 Notes on variability: time of year of measurement,

before or after rains, high water level signs etc.
8

10

11 Irrigated acres (0.4 l/s/acre)

12 Other sources

Groundwater table Y/N Type: Capacity:

< 1 m deep?
Rate = mm/day Location coordinates:

Technical Guidelines Version 2, June 2022 Page 184 of 220

UgIFT Micro-Scale Irrigation Program

Situation sketch including sources & proposed area to irrigate & depth to groundwater table

Water Quality

EC (dS/m) pH

TDS (mg/L) Other (specify)

Technical Guidelines Version 2, June 2022 Page 185 of 220

UgIFT Micro-Scale Irrigation Program

No. Author Title Type of Topic covered Description/Comments

Document

3 FAO Measurement of stream Manual Discharge measurement – www.fao.org/3/ac061e/AC061E07.htm

velocity by floats and float method
determination of discharge

4 Arizona Measuring the Flow of a YouTube Discharge measurement – youtu.be/W1lUdxE5BGU

Department Stream | The Float Method video float method
of
Environment
al Quality

5 USBR Water measurement manual Manual Discharge measurement – www.usbr.gov/tsc/techreferences/mands/wmm/

float method WMM_3rd_2001.pdf

Chapter 13, page 5 for correction factors (page 235

in total document)

9 FAO Water sources and water Background Groundwater http://www.fao.org/3/U5835E/u5835e03.htm#2.4

availability – Chapter 2.4 information %20groundwater
Groundwater

Ministry of Design guidelines for water manual All aspects of water supply https://www.mwe.go.ug/sites/default/files/library
Water and supply design /Water%20Supply%20Design%20Manual%20v.v1.1
Environment .pdf
(MWE)

FAO Irrigation manual manual Participatory irrigation http://www.fao.org/3/ai596e/ai596e.pdf

design

Table 40 Sources of information

Technical Guidelines Version 2, June 2022 Page 186 of 220

UgIFT Micro-Scale Irrigation Program

13. Measurement of vertical height from water source to field

The measurement of the vertical height from the water source to the field is a critical factor in getting a
correct pump size and also in getting an accurate cost estimate from the Irritrack App. The approach below is
a simple way of estimating the vertical height. It is sufficiently accurate for the purposes of this program.

NOTE: If you do not have a spirit level you can just use your eyes and best estimates of what is level.
UgIFT Micro-Scale Irrigation Program

NOTE: If you do not have a spirit level you can just use your eyes and best estimates of what is level.
UgIFT Micro-Scale Irrigation Program
UgIFT Micro-Scale Irrigation Program
UgIFT Micro-Scale Irrigation Program

14. Estimating the cost of irrigation equipment

During the farm visit, IrriTrack is used to calculate the approximate total cost of the irrigation equipment.

Remember that this cost is indicative. The actual cost of the irrigation equipment will be confirmed after
irrigation equipment suppliers provide quotes and the District selected the lowest one on your behalf. For
this reason, IrriTrack gives a lower range and a upper range of the approximate total cost.

IrriTrack will then calculate the approximate Government co-payment and farmer co-payments. Also in this
case, IrriTrack gives a lower range and a upper range of the approximate co-payments.

The Government co-payment is calculated based on the subsidy formula provided in the Micro-scale
Irrigation Grant, Budget and Implementation guidelines FY 2020/2021 by MAAIF, which you can find in Annex
1 of the Technical guidelines of the Micro-scale Irrigation Program. The Government co-payment is calculated
as per below.

To calculate the Government co-payment, there is need to:

1. Calculate the Government co-payment as a percentage of the total cost:
• In case of solar power, the percentage of the Government co-payment is 75%.
• In case of solar power, the percentage of the Government co-payment is 25%.
2. Calculate the Government co-payment cap (which means the maximum contribution provided by
the Government):
• In case of solar power, the cap of the Government co-payment is 18,000,000 UGX for 2.5 acres:
this is proportionally reduced in case the farmer is introducing irrigation over an area smaller
than 2.5 acres.
For example, if the farmer introduces irrigation over 2 acres choosing a solar pump,
Government co-payment would be a maximum of 18,000,000 / 2.5 * 2 = 14,400,000
• In case of petrol power, the cap of the Government co-payment is 5,000,000 UGX for 2.5 acres:
this is proportionally reduced in case the farmer is introducing irrigation over an area smaller
than 2.5 acres.
For example, if the farmer introduces irrigation over 1.5 acres choosing a petrol pump,
Government co-payment would be a maximum of 5,000,000 / 2.5 * 1,5 = 3,000,000

The Government co-payment the number calculated as a

percentage of the total cost, up to the cap.

The Farmer co-payment is the difference between the

total cost and the Government co-payment.
EXAMPLE

Let’s assume you are doing a farm visit, for a farmer who
wants to introduce irrigation over 1 acre, using a solar
pump.
UgIFT Micro-Scale Irrigation Program

As the farmer has selected a solar pump, the Government co-payment will be 75% of the total costs, with a
cap of 18 million for 2.5 acres (or proportionally reduced for a smaller area).

Approximate total cost is calculated at 22,2 million UGX, with a lower range of 18,9 million and a upper range
of 26,6 million.

This means:

1. Government co-payment as a percentage of the

total cost:
• Lower range:
18,9 million * 75% = 14,2 million
• Upper range:
• 26,6 million * 75% = 19,9 million

2. Government co-payment cap

• 18 million / 2.5 * 1 = 7,2 million

The Government co-payment calculated as a percentage of

the total cost is much above the cap, which means that the
maximum the Government can contribute is 7,2 million.

The Farmer co-payment is the difference between the total cost and the Government co-payment:
• Lower range: 18,9 million – 7,2 million = 11,7 million
• Upper range: 26,6 million – 7,2 million = 19,4 million
UgIFT Micro-Scale Irrigation Program

15. Agreement to proceed for quotation

AGREEMENT TO PROCEED FOR QUOTATION

The next steps in the Micro-scale Irrigation Program are:

10. The District will request pre-qualified irrigation equipment suppliers to provide quotations for the
irrigation equipment according to the design-choices made during the farm visit.
11. The District will select the lowest priced technically responsive quotation and notify the Farmer.
12. If the Farmer agrees with the selected quotation:
a) The Farmer will make the co-payment to the District.
b) The Farmer will provide proof of land tenure.
13. The Farmer and the District will sign a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU). This will need to be done
within ______ weeks from the notification by the District to the Farmer of the lowest priced technically
responsive quotation.
The Farmer has read the above and accepts the District to share data collected during the farm visit with
irrigation equipment suppliers to request quotations.

allows
The Farmer the District to share data collected during the farm visit with Financial
does not allow Institutions.
Delete what NOT applicable

District Government Farmer

Name ____________________ Name ____________________
Position ____________________ Farmer Unique ID ____________________
Signature ____________________ Signature ____________________
Date ____________________ Date ____________________

Wife of Farmer (optional)

Name ____________________
Signature ____________________
Date ____________________
UgIFT Micro-Scale Irrigation Program

16. Water Permit Application Procedure

1. Applicant requests for application forms. Application forms can be obtained from the Ministry of Water
and Environment website via: https://www.mwe.go.ug/library/manuals-guidelines-and-forms or
https://www.mwe.go.ug/library/water-resource-planning-regulation-department

2. The permit application form is completed (filled-in on line) but if completed in hard copy 3 copies are
filled in.

3. The Applicant is issued with a Bank Payment Advice Form (BPAF) whose requirements are e-mailed to
[email protected] or communicated by calling 0779800020:

a. Tax Identification Number(TIN) or Name of District, County, Village and Sub county

b. Type of permit (Surface water abstraction, Ground water abstraction, Drilling, Wastewater
discharge, Construction, Easement)

c. Reason for payment (Processing or New, Renewal or Annual)

d. Mode of payment (Cash, EFT, cheque, etc.)

e. Bank in which payment will be made

Note that:

• TIN must be in the names that will appear on the application forms and therefore the
Permit.

• Annual fees vary depending on the rate of water abstraction or the discharged load of
wastewater into the environment

4. After payment in the Bank, the applicant submits or e-mails a copy of the Payment Slip to the above
given address. The applicant will then receive a URA confirmation Receipt for his or her payment.

5. The Applicant then submits a copy of a URA receipt, PLUS two sets of a completed permit application
forms to the Director, DWRM.

Further clarifications can be sought from the Commissioner, Water Resources Planning and Regulation on Tel
No 0414 699486 or by e-mail: [email protected]
UgIFT Micro-Scale Irrigation Program
UgIFT Micro-Scale Irrigation Program
UgIFT Micro-Scale Irrigation Program
UgIFT Micro-Scale Irrigation Program
UgIFT Micro-Scale Irrigation Program

17. Tender data for irrigation equipment suppliers

Important notes:

1. All measurements and evaluations are approximations.

2. Government of Uganda are not responsible for any errors or inaccuracies in this data.
3. It is recommended that equipment suppliers verify this data for themselves.

1. Farmer details:
a. Name and Last name

b. NIN or refugee number

c. Unique Farmer ID

d. Phone number

e. Wife name and last name

f. Wife phone number

2. Location of the farm:

a. District

b. Sub-county

c. Parish

d. Village

3. Contact details of the District and sub-county staff who carried out the farm visit:
a. Name

b. Designation

c. Telephone numbers

4. Farm details:
a. Date that the farm visit was carried out

b. Area to be irrigated (acres)

c. The three main dry season crops expected to be irrigated

d. The area of each crop (acres)

e. Flow rate for each crop area (m3/hr)

f. Total flow rate (m3/hr)

g. Soil type

h. Is land steeply sloping (yes/no)

5. Water source details

UgIFT Micro-Scale Irrigation Program

a. Height difference between area to be irrigated and water source (metres), Above or Below

b. Height difference between pump location and water source (metres), Above or below

c. Distance from farm to water source (metres)

d. Type of water source – river, stream, pond, lake, well, borehole

e. Submersible or not submersible pump

f. Name of water source, if known

g. Diameter and depth of borehole or well, water depth in dry season (metres)

h. Flow rate of river/stream (m3/hr)

i. Volume of the water source when full (m3)

j. Visual quality of the water source

6. Irrigation system equipment

a. Type of pump (surface or submersible)

b. Type of power source

c. Type of irrigation method – drip, sprinkler (solid set or rain gun), hosepipe

d. Tank size if required (litres)

7. Comments
a. Any comments noted by the sub-county and district staff

8. Photos
a. Photos of the area to be irrigated
b. Photos of the water source
UgIFT Micro-Scale Irrigation Program

18. Bidding document cover page

The Republic of Uganda

Republic of Uganda
Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and
Fisheries in collaboration with selected Local
Governments
Bidding Document for the Procurement

of works

UNDER SELECTIVE/RESTRICTEDBIDDING
Subject of Procurement: DESIGN, SUPPLY AND
INSTALLATION OF MICRO-
SCALE IRRIGATION
SYSTEMS IN 40 SELECTED
DLGS
Procurement Reference Number: (………………………….……)
Date of Issue: (……………………………….)
Micro-Scale Irrigation Program

19. Quotation requirements

The supplier needs to provide this minimum information in its quotation:

1. Farmer (and in case of a married male farmer, also the wife) name and contact details and Farmer
Unique ID number.

2. Complete set of design drawings and a site layout plan. Site layout plan must indicate where the solar
panels and pump will be located.

3. Full specifications of the solar modules including quantity, make (manufacturer) and model number or
the petrol pump.

4. Full specifications of any controllers/inverters and drawings and specifications of the solar array
mounting structure.

5. Effective irrigated area

6. Full specifications of the pump also including the pump curve and design point.

7. System capacity

8. Pumping rate

9. Pump operating head

10. Full specifications of suction and delivery systems including pipe materials/sizes and any valves and
filters.

11. Full specifications of the irrigation system including any tanks, filters, hoses, sprinklers, drippers.

12. Full specifications of the soil water and nutrient measurement tools to support irrigation and fertiliser
management.

13. The design data and assumptions including:

a) Irrigation requirement calculation covering: crop, time of year, area, plant water
requirement, number of irrigating days and hours of irrigation per day to give a minimum
flowrate
b) Hydraulic design showing the details of how the head and flowrate was calculated to meet
the irrigation requirement and how the pump meets this requirement
c) The design of the irrigation system including flow rates and uniformity.
14. The expected performance of the system and how it will meet the irrigation requirements, explicitly
indicating any periods in the year when crop water requirement over the full area may not be met

15. Description of how the solar panels, pump and irrigation equipment will be kept secure from vandalism
and theft
Micro-Scale Irrigation Program

16. A complete description of system operation procedures

17. A complete listing of the regular maintenance requirements

18. Labour to operate the system

19. Energy costs of the system

20. Maintenance costs

21. A bill of quantities listing each item

22. A firm price, which shows the installed cost of the complete system, valid for 90 days

23. The maximum time period for installation

24. Warranty information relating to each of the items of equipment and the overall system performance

25. Description of the after sales service.

26. The quotation must have 6 months validity

20. Tender evaluation guide

# Element Evaluation criteria Criteria
met
Yes/No
1. Farmer (and in case of a married male Correct Name and ID
farmer, also the wife) name and contact
details and Farmer Unique ID number.
2. Supplier is on the pre-approved Check supplier against approved supplier list
irrigation equipment supplier list

3. Eligibility of all items Check items against eligibility tables

4. Complete set of design drawings and a Location of field and water source and
site layout plan. Site layout plan must distances clearly indicated.
indicate where the solar panels and For portable type pumps just an indicative
pump will be located. layout.
5. Full specifications of the solar panels Specifications are clear and the panel output
including quantity, make match with the pump requirements. This
(manufacturer) and model number and should be shown as flow, head and kW
controllers/inverters and drawings and required pump curve. With operating point
specifications of the solar array indicated.
mounting structure and relevant Compare the flow and head with the pump
Ugandan, International standards or requirement in element 5 below
quality criteria. Quality standards are sufficient

6. Effective irrigated area (Acres) Same as the total area given in the IrriTrack
farm data.
7. Full specifications of pump and relevant Pump is type requested in tender
Micro-Scale Irrigation Program

Ugandan, International standards or Specifications are clear and match with the
quality criteria. requirements. This should be shown as flow,
head and kW required pump curve. With
operating point indicated. The flowrate and
head as calculated by IrriTrack is the
minimum requirement.
Quality standards are sufficient.

8. Pumping rate (m3/s) Same as or greater than the total flow rate
given in the Irritrack farm data
9. Pump operating head (m) This should be greater than the height
difference + water depth + value for type of
irrigation system + 20% (for friction etc) in
the IrriTrack farm data
10. Full specifications of suction and Clear specifications and match with the
delivery systems including pipe requirements
materials/sizes and any valves and Length of delivery pipe equal or greater than
filters and relevant Ugandan, that given in the IrriTrack farm data.
International standards or quality Quality standards are sufficient
criteria.
11. Full specifications and number of the Type of irrigation system is as per tender
irrigation system including any tanks, Clear specifications and match with the
filters, hoses, sprinklers, drippers and requirements as per IrriTrack farm data.
relevant Ugandan, International Tank size as per tender
standards or quality criteria. Tank stand or platform is adequate
Quality standards are sufficient

12. Full specifications of the soil water and Clear specifications and match with the
nutrient measurement tools to support requirements
irrigation and fertiliser management Quality standards are sufficient
and relevant Ugandan, International
standards or quality criteria.
11. The design data and assumptions These may be the same as IrriTrack supplied
including: data or varied dependent whether a supplier
has made a farm visit. Where there is a large
difference form IrriTrack then reasons need to
be understood and the basic
a) Irrigation requirement calculation These may be the same as IrriTrack supplied
covering: crop, time of year, area, plant data or varied dependent whether a supplier
water requirement, number of has made a farm visit.
irrigating days and hours of irrigation
per day to give a minimum flowrate
b) Hydraulic design showing the details of
how the head and flowrate was
calculated to meet the irrigation
requirement and how the pump meets
this requirement
12. Guidance to the farmer of how the solar Guidance provided
panels, pump and irrigation equipment
will be kept secure from vandalism and
theft
Micro-Scale Irrigation Program

13. A complete description of system Clear description suitable for farmers.

operation procedures – user manual
14. A complete listing of the regular Clear description suitable for farmers.
maintenance requirements – user
manual
15. Energy costs of the system Shillings/m3 Reasonable cost estimate
at pump design point
16. Annual maintenance costs Reasonable cost
(Ushillings/year)
17. A bill of quantities listing each item Checklist of items that should be on any
quote
18. Firm price, which shows the cost of Compare the cost with the figures calculated
equipment and cost of installation by IrriTrack. If above the upper level boundary
separately of the complete system, then examine closely. Overall the quotation
valid for 90 days? (Ushillings) should offer good value for money based on
the current market.

The cost of installation must be included

19. Timing:
The maximum time period between Time indicated is 90 - days or less
receiving contract and installation Work programme provided
(days) – 90 days
Work programme to be provided
showing the key tasks and milestones
to complete the tasks
20. Warranty information relating to each Clear warranty terms per 6 equipment
of the items of equipment and the categories, duration should be as per market
overall system performance
21. Description of the after sales service After sales service is clearly described
Minimum after sales service = one phone call
to farmer after 15 days to check for any
problems
During the defects liability period, a farm visit
to be arranged and carried if major issues
arise and to address any issues raised.

Eligible items
The table below shows broad descriptions of the eligible materials in the Micro-scale Irrigation Program.

No. Description Use Comment

Pumping

1 Solar power:

• Panels • Provide electricity for pumps

Micro-Scale Irrigation Program

• Frame for solar panels • Mount solar panels

• Controller/regulator • Control supply of power

• Electricity cables • Connect solar panels to

controller to pump

2 Electric pump Pumping water Can be above ground or

submersible type

3 Petrol pump (up to 4HP Pumping water Above ground only

only)

Suction and delivery

4 Suction line Suction hose and foot valve to

supply water to pump

5 Delivery line Pipe to take water to the field Up to 700 meters

6 Distribution network Pipe network within field

7 Valves Control flow of water

8 Pipe fittings Joining of pipes together, to This includes elbows,

pump, to sprinklers, drip, hoses tees, nipples, bushes,
etc adaptors and all similar
fittings

9 Filters Remove solid particles Only for drip and micro-

sprinkler systems

10 Water tank Store water Tank stand is not

eligible
Micro-Scale Irrigation Program

No. Description Use Comment

Irrigation

11 Flexible hosepipe with Apply water to plants

spray nozzle and delivery
pipework

12 Sprinklers (all types, Apply water to plants

including Rain guns)
including risers/stakes and
delivery pipework

13 Drippers/dripline(all types) Apply water to plants

and delivery pipework

Management

14 Soil moisture monitor Check wetness/dryness of the

soil

15 Soil nutrient monitor Check level of soil nutrients

Maintenance

16 User/maintenance Inform farmer on the use and Any manuals associated

manuals maintenance of equipment with the equipment
listed above

17 Spare parts and Maintenance and repair of the Any spares and tools
maintenance equipment items above associated with the
and tools equipment listed above

Ineligible items
All items outside the eligible list, and notably some items that could be associated with this type of
installation, are explicitly excluded, see Table below.

No. Description Use Comment

1 Enclosure such as fence and/or shed

2 Mobilization of the water source

(digging of well, construction of a
storage reservoir)

3 Tank stand

4 Fences, security items

5 Land preparation
Micro-Scale Irrigation Program

21. Farmer Field School

DRAFT TRAINING MANUAL FOR THE FFS

FACILITATOR IN IRRIGATED FARMING
UNDER THE MICRO-SCALE IRRIGATION
PROGRAMME

MODULE 1
THE FARMER FIELD SCHOOL TRAINING APPROACH

Prepared by: SANDRA NDAGIRE KAMENYA

Date: 25/02/2022
Micro-Scale Irrigation Program

HISTORY AND EVOLUTION OF THE FFS APPROACH

This topic introduces the FFS, its history and evolution. It builds on the fact that the farmer field school is a
participatory approach for learning, building on the principles of non-formal adult education. This is a
school without walls that takes place in a field where a crop is grown and where farmers meet regularly to
develop their capacities to analyze and solve their individual and shared problems FFS are essentially
schools without walls.

Session 1.1.1: History and Background of the FFS

Learning Objectives
At the end of this session, the participants should be able to
• Understand the history and background of FFS
• Understand what FFS is
• Define the key principles and features of FFS
• Understand the main and specific objectives of the FFS
• Define the methodologies of the FFS
• Outline the key features of a FFS
Technical Content

History and Evolution of the FFS

Farmer field schools (FFSs) were first developed in 1989 in Indonesia, focusing on integrated pest
management (IPM) in rice. They bring together groups of farmers to strengthen their knowledge of and
skills in agro-ecosystems, in order that they may make informed decisions on field management. They
provide a space for hands-on practical learning in the field for the duration of a cropping season. Following
the early experiences in Indonesia, the FFS approach spread to other countries and a broader range of
topics were covered. FFSs came to Africa in the
mid-1990s and are used in an increasing number of countries. FFSs help farmers to validate and test local
knowledge, as well as scientific knowledge generated outside the community. A process of sharing and
critical analysis helps farmers to adapt new information and technologies to their local situation. The FFS
approach places emphasis on group work and aims to strengthen collaboration within and between groups;
it focuses on interaction with extension services and research. Since FFSs began over 20 years ago, more
than a million farmers worldwide have joined FFSs covering an increasing range of topics. Many countries
have since adopted the FFS approach for a broad range of topics and in a variety of contexts.

Impacts of FFS include policy change, better and more cost-effective production, improved livelihoods, and
stronger farmer organizations and networks. FFSs in Africa cover a broad range of topics, ranging from
including soil and water management, Integrated Production and Pest Management, cassava and cassava-
based farming systems and disease control among others. Overcoming production constraints at farmer
and community level is a major entry point for these FFSs.

FFS in Uganda
The farmer field school approach in Uganda was introduced in 1999 and to date just over 4 000 FFS have
been implemented in a variety of contexts, such as: integrated production and pest management (IPPM)
for different crops (e.g. cotton, sweet potato, tomato and cabbage); land and water management; disease
Micro-Scale Irrigation Program

control (e.g. banana bacterial wilt [BBW] and late blight in potatoes); food security (farmer innovation,
livestock management, self-reliance of refugees); and rehabilitation of agriculture in post-conflict
communities.

What is a Farmer Field School?

An FFS is a capacity building method based on adult education principles using groups of farmers. It is best
described as a ‘school without walls’, where farmers learn through observation and experimentation in
their own fields. This allows them to improve their management skills and become knowledge experts on
their own farms.

The approach empowers farmers using experiential and participatory learning techniques rather than
advising farmers what to do. Farmers are encouraged to handle their own on-farm decisions in which they
apply previous experiences and test new technologies. An FFS usually comprises a group of 20–30 farmers
who meet regularly over a defined period of time, a crop production season for example, to validate (new)
production options with the help of a facilitator. Management decisions are made at the end of every
meeting on what action to take. After the training period, farmers continue to meet and share information
with less facilitator contact.

An FFS is a process, not a goal. It aims to increase the capacity of farmers to test new technologies in their
own fields and assess results and their relevance to particular circumstances. Farmers interact with
researchers and extension workers on a demand driven basis, only asking for help where they are unable to
solve a problem themselves. As an extension methodology, an FFS is a dynamic process that is practiced,
controlled and owned by the farmers to help them transform their observations to create a better
understanding of their crop system.

Objectives of the FFS

FFS is not about technology but about people development. It brings farmers together for them
to assess their problems and seek ways of addressing them.

Specific Objectives of the FFS

• empower farmers with knowledge and skills to make them experts in their own context
• provide platforms where farmer groupings and extension and research workers jointly test and
adapt options withinthe specific local conditions
• facilitate farming communities to learn new ways to solve problems and adapt to change
• the ability of farmers to make critical and informed decisions that strengthen their coping
mechanisms
• help farmers learn how best to organize themselves and their communities
• enable farmers‘ livelihoods to become more resilient and less vulnerable to disasters, such as
drought and other climate change factors.

What are the Core Principles of FFS?

The following are the core principles and components of the FFS approach:
Micro-Scale Irrigation Program

The field is the learning place. Learning takes place in the field, usually on a host farm where a PCE is
established and all learning sessions are held. Participants observe and learn from the field work instead of
from textbooks and lectures from extension workers. Improved farm practices must be suitable for the
local context, which is usually influenced by local ecological and socio economic conditions as well as
farmers’ preferences.

Facilitation, not teaching. The role of the facilitator is crucial for successful learning and empowerment
because FFS does not focus on teaching but on guiding FFS members through the
learning process. To foster the learner centered process, the facilitator remains in the background, listening
attentively and reflectively, asking questions and encouraging participants to explore more in the field and
present their ideas. The facilitator must stimulate FFS members to think, observe, analyze and discover
answers by themselves.

Hands-on and discovery-based learning. The process of learning adheres to principles of adult education
and “learning by doing”. Adults tend not to learn and change behavior by passive listening, but as a
consequence of experience. Through learning by doing in a discovery based manner, group members
cherish ownership over their knowledge and gain confidence in what they have learned.

The farmer as expert. The FFS approach recognizes community members as the experts within their
particular contexts, and considers indigenous and local knowledge an important source of information to
be used within the FFS learning process. Through the process, FFS members learn how to improve their
own abilities to observe and analyse problems, and to develop practical and
relevant solutions. The approach inspires members to learn continuously by exploring and educating
themselves on issues and topics that affect their livelihoods.

Equity and no hierarchy. An FFS is designed for all to participate on an equal basis. FFS supports no
hierarchy between farmers and facilitators, group leaders and ordinary members, diploma holders and
those who do not read and write. All are equal partners in the FFS learning experience.

Integrated and learner-defined curriculum. The FFS curriculum is defined by the learners and is unique for
each group, though much of learning enterprises are pre designed under the mandate of FFS implementing
agencies. The basic principle for any FFS is that all topics must be related to what is important to the group
members and aim to fill their particular gaps in knowledge.

Comparative experiments. Knowledge is gained through practical experiments where different options are
compared with each other. The trials are regularly observed and analyzed. Issues are
discussed as they occur in reality.

FFS Methodology

FFSs are knowledge intensive – they merge science-generated information with farmer know- how. The FFS
is a space to test and validate new ideas, and to debate, analyse and understand underlying knowledge to
enhance decision-making skills. The above principles guide the learning. The content of the training
depends on the problems arising and thus evolve over time and space in line with the local ecology.
Farmers’ knowledge and experiences are valued and essential inputs for learning in the FFS.
Micro-Scale Irrigation Program

Agro-ecosystem analysis. The agro ecosystem analysis (AESA) is one of the cornerstones of the FFS
approach. AESA is practiced by all FFS members through all stages of the FFS cycle. It involves observation,
analysis and presentation for synthesis and discussion. This activity enhances participants’ analyzing skills
as well as their presentation, thereby improving knowledge based decision making in addition to their
communication capabilities.

Special topics. The focus of special topics is decided on by the group and plays a central role in FFS. Special
topics can cover a wide range of topics and can be multissectoral. It is part of the FFS curriculum and
learning experiments. The selection of special topics should be demand driven, usually addressing wider
livelihood issues. These special topics can also be facilitated by external resource persons rather than by
the FFS group facilitator.

Team building and social animation. Aspects of team building, group dynamics and social animation are
important components of learning sessions. Through song, dance and drama people share knowledge and
culture, build cohesion, and learn communication and leadership skills. This also creates a platform for
dealing with difficult subjects such as abuse, gender and HIV/AIDS.

Participatory monitoring and evaluation. While preparing the FFS curriculum, participants develop a plan
for monitoring and evaluating progress to later assess whether they are achieving the agreed objectives.

Features of a farmer field school

i. Farmer participation (from problem analysis, to study plot, monitoring, decision making and
evaluation)
ii. Based on hands-on experience sharing
iii. Centered on capacity building and empowerment.
iv. Ownership of the process by stakeholders
v. Entails a whole production cycle (annual and perennial crops or even extended over a crop
rotation).
vi. Location-specific.
vii. Group-based.

Factors for a successful farmer field school

i. Besides a skilled facilitator
ii. An organized dedicated, committed and willing community.
iii. A well-defined problem analysis and prioritization.
iv. Adequate resources and logistical support.
v. A clear understanding of the farmer field school concept and procedure by all stakeholders.
vi. Support and goodwill of the authorities at various levels.
vii. Appropriate technologies available to test and adapt.
viii. A consideration of gender issues.

Farmer field schools in the Micro-scale Irrigation Program

Micro-Scale Irrigation Program

In order to make optimal use of their irrigation investments, all micro-scale irrigation program beneficiaries
will be provided with additional agricultural extension support. These farmers will receive extension
support on on-farm water management, irrigated farming, farming as a business, value addition and
marketing through the implementation of an intensive FFS programme. The training will be done by
Facilitators.

Formation of farmer Field School groups

The identified farmers who expressed interest and met the requirements for support under the Program
will be supported to acquire irrigation equipment and enroll in the FFS. The beneficiary farmers will be
mapped and mobilized with support of the Senior Agricultural Officer (DLG) and the Agricultural Extension
Officers (Sub county) into small learning groups with a minimum of 20 and a maximum of 30 members for
each Farmer Field School Group to ensure maximum participation in group learning activities. The groups
should comprise of both male, female and youth participants. Women should be encouraged to be part and
participate in the FFS.

The group members may be drawn from nearby villages or parishes but should not be more than 15 km
from the FFS site for convenience of access to the training sites. For each group, two skillful farmers, one
female and one male, will be selected to become lead farmers responsible for facilitating the extension
services to the members in their groups. The lead farmers will be trained by Master Trainers alongside the
extension workers to become MIP FFS facilitators provide regular extension service to their group
members.

Notes to the facilitator

• FFS is not simply about engaging few individuals either because of their level of influence, education,
income status etc. FFS rather is about involving all the members of the FFS.
• FFS is not about telling people what to think and do but rather providing a platform for members to
share, learn and use their experiences to inform decision making.

Resource Materials
• FAO. (2013). Cassava farmer field schools: Resource material for facilitators in sub-Saharan Africa.
Rome.
• FAO.(2014). Farmer Field Schools: Key Practices for DRR Implementers
• FAO/IIRR. (2006). Discovery-based learning on land and water management: A practical guide for
farmer field schools. Rome.
• FAO, JICA & KFS. (2011). Farmer field school implementation guide: Farm forestry and livelihood
development (available at http://www.fao.org/docrep/016/i2561e/i2561e00.pdf).
• Groeneweg, K., Buyu, G., Romney, D. and Minjauw, B. (2006). Livestock Farmer Field Schools –
Guidelines for Facilitation and Technical Manual. International Livestock Research Centre: Nairobi,
Kenya.

Session 1.1.2: Understanding Farmer Field School Facilitation

By the end of the session, participants should be able to:

• Appreciate the role of a FFS Facilitator.

• Acquire tips on how to be a good facilitator.
Micro-Scale Irrigation Program

• Appreciate the tips and principles for adult learning and use them to engage community members
during meetings so as to ensure maximum participation.
• Understand Selection of farmer field school facilitators in the MIP FFS context

What is Facilitation?

Facilitation refers to the process of supporting the ability of individuals or a group of people to
conceive and appreciate an idea, identify issues and priorities for action. It involves working to
promote group problem-solving, idea generation, education, and various actions related to knowledge
creation.

Who is a Facilitator?

The success of a farmer field school largely depends on the ability of thefacilitator. The FFS facilitator puts
the FFS principles into practice in a farmer field school. He or she:
• Guides the process of discovery-based learning.
• Ensures an effective flow of information within the group so that participants can share
information and arrive at decisions.
• Moderates the participatory learning process.
• Assists in sharing of information in a participatory way.

The FFS facilitation approach is participatory in nature. It develops the farmers’ capacity through
facilitation and collaboration, which work best through group work, practical work and role play (folk
media).

• Facilitation. A trained facilitator helps the learners (farmers or herders)discover the relevance of a topic
to their own situation and to learn how to experiment and adapt to change. It uses dialogue, group
discussion and exhibits.
• Collaboration. This involves working together and works well where everyone has a stake or interest in
finding a solution to a selected problem. It requires that everyone is equal, including the facilitator, and
demands a high level of trust.
Group work. Group work stimulates independent thinking (and thereby reduced dependency) and
activates learners to take part in a two-way discussion and sharing of ideas. The participants learn how to
work together in finding solutions. Learners who are shy or unable for cultural reasons to speak out and
contribute in a larger setting, often prove to be useful contributors in small groups.
• Working in the field with farmers. Practical work in the field (such as testing and comparing methods to
restore organic matter to the soil, or building and testing water harvesting structures) is an excellent way of
learning. Fieldwork can be combined with group discussion on a particular
subject matter, for example, to compare ways of managing resources, or how to optimize household and
community benefits.
• Role-play. Role-plays allow the learners – the actors – to share their experiences with other farmer field
school members and with non-members. It can include local songs, dances, poems, proverbs, stories, tales,
legends and drama. Role-plays help farmer field school members to analyze and understand their mistakes,
and perhaps suggest better ways of doing things.

What are the attributes/qualities of a good FFS facilitator?

Micro-Scale Irrigation Program

A good facilitator should possess the following attributes:

• Is well prepared and can firmly grasp the subject.

• Is a good listener.
• Is open-minded and respects others’ opinions.
• Is cheerful.
• Maintains eye contact.
• Knows the audience in advance.
• Dresses appropriately.
• Is well mannered.
• Is composed and confident.
• Is in control of the group.
• Conveys acceptance.
• Manages time well.
• Is impartial.

Principles of Adult learning in the FFS

Learning occurs inside the learner, and is activated by the learner.

The facilitator must recognize that farmers have Here are six principles of adult learning to follow:

Learning occurs inside the learner, and is activated by the learner. The FFS facilitator must recognize that
farmers have knowledge gained from many years of farming experience. This should be blended with the
new technologies.
Learning is a discovery of meaning and relevance. People more readily internalize and implement ideas
that are relevant to their needs and problems. For example, it is easier to explain drip irrigation to farmers
who already do bucket irrigation, than to a pastoralist.
Learning (behavioral change) is a consequence of experience. Farmers’ experience guides them to do
certain things – for example, to accept or reject a new practice. People do not change their behavior just
because someone tells them what to do.
Learning is a cooperative process. Two heads are better than one. People enjoy working by themselves,
but they also enjoy working together. Group dynamics and team building exercises encourage them to
collaborate and to learn as a group.
Learning is sometimes painful. Change often means giving up old, comfortable ways of thinking. It can be
uncomfortable to share ideas openly, to put ones ideas under the scrutiny of a group, and to confront other
people. Experience makes this easier.
One of the richest resources for learning is the learner him- or herself: When so much emphasis is on
instructional media, books and speakers as resources for learning, we should not overlook the richest
source of all – the learner him- or herself. Each person is a rich source of material for problem solving and
learning in terms of a wide range of experiences, ideas, feelings and attitudes.

Selection of farmer field school facilitators in the MIP FFS

Micro-Scale Irrigation Program

The Program shall utilize the robust extension system in place to deliver on the farmer field schools in the
respective LGs. The farmer field school facilitators shall be selected from the extension officers responsible
for the sub-counties in which the farmer field schools will be located.

FFS facilitators will be responsible for each FFS group (FFSG) established. For each FFSG, two skillful
farmers, one female and one male, will be selected to become lead farmers responsible for facilitating the
extension services to the members in their group. The lead farmers will be trained to provide regular
extension service to their group members alongside the extension workers.

Facilitators should understand FFS principles and have good oral, listening and facilitation skills. They must
have charisma and understand participatory learning processes, although some of these skills are also
strengthened in training.

Training of FFS Facilitators

FFS facilitators should have a profound knowledge on a wide range of technical, methodological, facilitation
and organizational skills. Training of Facilitators (ToF) covers a range of topics that equip the FFS facilitator
to adapt the given FFS curriculum with FFS participants, local context and needs throughout the growing
season of the chosen enterprise based on what is happening in the field and in the group, rather than
proposing the same standardized training everywhere.

Resource Materials

• FAO/IIRR. (2006). Discovery-based learning on land and watermanagement: A practical guide for
farmer field schools. Rome.
• Groeneweg, K., Buyu, G., Romney, D. and Minjauw, B. (2006). Livestock Farmer Field Schools –
Guidelines for Facilitation and Technical Manual. International Livestock Research Centre: Nairobi,
Kenya.
Micro-Scale Irrigation Program

22. Memorandum of Understanding (MOU)

MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING (MOU)

THIS MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING is made the _____________day of __________, 20________

BETWEEN:

_______________________________________________ (Name of Local Government) hereinafter

referred to as the ‘Local Government’, of the one part,

and

_______________________________________________ (Name of the Farmer),

with ______________ (Farmer Unique ID number) hereinafter referred to as the ‘Approved Farmer’ of the
other part.

WHEREAS: the Local Government is participating in the Micro-scale Irrigation Program by the Ministry of
Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries (MAAIF) under the Intergovernmental Fiscal Transfers Reforms
Program (IFTRP) that provides micro-scale irrigation development grants and complementary services to
support farmers willing to move from mostly subsistence to more commercial agriculture; and the
Approved Farmer signed a Commitment with the Local Government, made the co-payment, and provided
documentary proof of land tenure.

The Local Government and Approved Farmer agree as follows:

1. The Approved Farmer agrees to:

a) Witness the contract that the Local Government and the irrigation equipment supplier will sign. The
contract will stipulate the obligation of the irrigation equipment supplier to the Approved Farmer
including warranty and service period.

b) Be present during delivery, installation, training and testing of the irrigation equipment on her/his
farm; and to promptly inform the District Agriculture Engineer of any issues (if any);

c) Sign off an Acceptance Form after installation confirming that irrigation equipment is properly
functioning.

d) As owner of the irrigation equipment, sustain all charges related to running costs other than the
package specified in the Supplier Contract and taxation, and water charges, and to sustainably operate,
maintain and manage the irrigation technologies, and provide security for the installations.

e) To participate in trainings, studies, research by MAAIF and LG as and when required.

f) To manage and keep records regarding production and performance of the irrigation equipment.
Micro-Scale Irrigation Program

2. The Local Government agrees to:

a) Sign a contract with the irrigation equipment supplier.

b) Supervise the irrigation equipment supplier as contract manager.
c) Oversee on-site certification and commissioning; test the functionality of the installed equipment;
training and formal hand-over1 to the Approved Farmer.
d) As Procuring and Disposing Entity, the Local Government shall effect payment of the irrigation
equipment supplier subject to the presence of the Approved farmer’s signed acceptance form.
e) Oversee technical training & support to the Approved Farmer to achieve servicing and maintenance
during the warranty period.
f) To activate the Grievance Redress Mechanism where complaints arise including: (i) quality of
supplies delivered by suppliers, associated user training etc; (ii) lack of responsiveness of supplier(s)
to agreed actions; and (iii) issues relating to behaviour of Local Government staff, Approved
Farmers representatives, suppliers and other relevant persons or entities. The grievance redress
mechanism is detailed in the local government micro-scale irrigation guidelines, which should be
made available at the district headquarters, the sub-county and town councils, and MAAIF and
Local Government website (where available). Each district is required to display details of the
avenues to address grievance prominently in multiple public areas.
g) To undertake environmental, social and climate risk screening

3. Termination and suspension

The MoU will be suspended and/or terminated if:

a) The Approved Farmer ceases to meet any of the criteria that made him/her to be eligible;
b) The Local Government does not receive the micro-scale irrigation grant from GoU;
c) The contract between the irrigation equipment supplier and Local Government becomes invalid.
In case of termination, the Local Government will reimburse the co-payment by the Approved Farmer made
to the Local Government General Fund Account in full and within three (3) months.

4. Force Majeure

The term Force Majeure as employed herein, shall mean any event of an unpredictable, inevitable and
irresistible character that hinders, the performance of obligations under the MOU, and justifies the
postponement, interruption or termination of such MOU. If at any time during the course of this MOU it
shall become impossible for any party to perform any of its obligations for reason of Force Majeure, that
party shall notify the other party of the existence of such Force Majeure within 14 days of its appearance,
whereupon both parties will be relieved from such obligations and reciprocal obligations. The party to
which notice is given shall have the possibility to dispute the existence and/or applicability of Force
Majeure in the conditions set forth in this MOU

1
The supplier has to provide a delivery note and the approved farmer to sign a goods received/acceptance form.
Micro-Scale Irrigation Program

5. Communication

Any formal communication between the two parties relating to this MOU shall be in writing to the
addresses below giving a copy to MAAIF for noting:

For Local Government For the Approved Farmer

Chief Administrative Officer/Town Clerk:

Local Government:
P.O. Box: P.O. Box:
Telephone: Telephone:
Email: Email:

6. Authorisation

On behalf of the said party I represent, I wish to sign this MOU and oblige to its implementation.

Done at ________________________ Local Government with three (3) originals in English language;

• One (1) original for Local Government

• One (1) original for the Approved Farmer
• One (1) original for MAAIF.

Please sign below and initial all pages of this MOU:

For Local Government For the Approved Farmer
Chief Administrative Officer / Town Clerk Approved Farmer
Signature: Signature:
Name: Name:
Date: Date:

Witnessed by:
Sub-County (Chairperson) Wife of Approved Farmer (if married)
Signature: Signature:
Name: Name:
Date: Date:

Attachments:

1. Screenshot from the MIS that proves eligibility

2. Receipt for Co-payment
3. Documentary proof of land tenure.
 Micro-Scale Irrigation Program

23. Acceptance / Non-acceptance of irrigation system

Farmer unique ID number _____________________________________________

The DLG officer to ENSURE that the following KEY ACTIONS have been achieved prior to farmer acceptance.

(Tick or a cross) - (All should be ticked to proceed).

➢ The farmer has witnessed/been present during the installation of the Microscale Irrigation
project.
➢ The irrigation system components are as per the tender
➢ The irrigation system is fully operational, and the operation of the system has been
demonstrated to the farmer
➢ The soil monitoring tools, if any, are fully operational, and their use has been demonstrated to
the farmer
➢ The farmer (together with his or her spouse) has received training on the operation and
maintenance of the installed equipment.
➢ Appropriate documentation has been provided to the farmer during the installation. (Design,
User manual for all the system components, specifications, Operation and Maintenance
Manual).
➢ That before the farmer signs this form, interpretation has been done for the farmer in a
language they understand
➢ The farmer has not been coerced into signing the document.
accepts
➢ The farmer the does not accept installation of all equipment in accordance
to the designs, drawings and equipment specifications.

accepts
➢ The District Local Government the does not accept installation of all
equipment in accordance to the designs, drawings and equipment specifications.
(If does not accept; please indicate the reasons for not accepting below)

NOTES
_____________________________________________________________________________________

District Local Government Equipment supplier representative

Name: ……………………………….................... Name of company:………………………………….
Position: …………………………………………… Name: ………………………………………………….
Signature: ……………………………….............. Position: …………………………………….................
Date: ……………………………………………… Signature: ………………………………...……..........
Date: ……………………………………………..........
Farmer Farmer’s spouse
Name: ………………………………................... Name: ………………………………………………….
NIN: ……………………………………………….. NIN: ……………………………………………………..
Farmer unique ID:………………………………. Phone No: ……………………………………………..
Phone No:………………………………………... Signature:………………………………………………
Signature: ………………………………... ……... Date: ………………………………………..................
Date: ……………………………………… ………