Fundamentals of
Communication
Communication
The word communication is derived from the Latin
word “communis” which means common.
We spend most of our life communicating.
Therefore it needs proper understanding and
application for sophistication of our activities.
Communication is meeting of minds, for transfer of
ideas.
COMMUNICATION
“It is the process of transferring of
thoughts or an idea so that the mental
picture perceived by the receiver is the
same as that envisioned by the sender.”
- Robbins
Need for communication
For information availability
For better decision making
For better interpersonal relationships
Generates
a greater sense of organizational
commitment & involvement
Experts’ opinion
Robert Hall International: 1000 employers in the United States
revealed that 96% of the executives voiced the need of effective
communication skills to excel in career (Fisher, 1998).
Asian countries, consider English proficiency as one of the major
criteria for the recruitment purpose (Ayokanmbi,2011; Pratoomrat
& Rajprasit, 2014; Marina & Rajprasit, 2014).
The Wall Street Journal: Leadership and communication are most
in demand and necessary to stand our in competition (Perry, 2002)
The skill to communicate effectively is a precondition for success
and this becomes more crucial between people from different
cultures (Limaye & Victor, 1991).
COMMUNICATION MODEL
Elements in the Communication Process
SOURCE \ SENDER ( ideation) - A PERSON OR THING OR
EVENT WHICH PROVIDES VERBAL OR NON VERBAL CUES
MESSAGE- A SET OF VERBAL OR NON VERBAL CUES SENT
BY A SOURCE. IT IS THE PHYSICAL FORM OF THE IDEA OR
THE INFORMATION.
ENCODING- THE PROCESS OF SELECTING SYMBOLS, SIGNS
OR WORDS TO EXPRESS IDEAS
CHANNEL- THE CHANNEL IS THE MEANS USED TO CONVEY
THE STIMULI
RECEIVER - A PERSON WHO INTERPRETS A MESSAGE.
DECODING - RECEIVER TRANSLATES THE SYMBOLS OR
WORDS AND ATTACHES MEANING TO THE MESSAGE.
FEEDBACK - RESPONSE A RECEIVER GIVES TO SENDER.
(Destructive Feedback ; Constructive Feedback)
BARRIERS – ANY THING THAT INTERFERES WITH PROPER
TRANSMISSION OF THE MESSSAGE.
COMMUNICATION CONTEXT
COMMUNICATION TAKES PLACE WITHIN A
CONTEXT: THE CONTEXT HAS FOUR
DIMENSIONS
PHYSICAL (WHERE THE COMMUNICATION IS TAKING
PLACE THE ROOM , HALLWAY OR PARK)
SOCIAL ( WHO ARE INVOLVED IN COMMUNICATION ?
WHAT STATUS RELATIONSHIP EXISTS BETWEEN THEM? ETC,)
▪ PSHYCHOLOGICAL ( IS THE ENVIRONMENT
CHARACTERIZED BY FORMALITY OR INFORMALITY ,
FRIENDLINESS OR INFRIENDLINESS?)
▪ TEMPORAL ( AT WHAT TIME OF THE DAY AS WELL AS THE
TIME IN HISTORY IT TAKES PLACE)
Communication in different
situations
The most powerful communication is not
what you say or what you write but what
others perceive of it and believe.
CHARACTERISTICS 0F
COMMUNICATION
Two- way process
Continuous
Essential
Has an objective or purpose
Pervasive across organizational levels
IS NOT JUST GETTING
THE MESSAGE ACROSS
BUT ITS ACCEPTANCE
FROM ITS INTENDED RECEIVERS
WHICH CAUSES
THE EXPECTED BEHAVIOUR
FROM THE RECEIVERS
OF THE MESSAGE
ONLY THEN, THE RECEIVERS
WILL BE WILLING TO
CONVERT THE COMMUNICATION
INTO ACTION
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Constructive feedback Destructive Feedback
▪ Feedback in which you try to ▪ Derogatory and does more
improve the current situation with damage than good to the
the right tone, style and approach.
receiver.
▪ Doesn’t highlight the negative
areas too much ▪ Criticizes the person directly
▪ Looks at the areas that can be ▪ Focuses only at the flaws.
improved upon
Feedback
While giving feedback
Avoid criticizing the person directly
Look at the areas that can be improved
Do not highlight the negative areas too
much
Do not settle your personal scores
Explain your limitations
Take time to give feedback
While receiving feedback
Be open minded
Avoid giving justifications
Focus on key areas where you can
improve
Ask for advice
Suspend judgment
Say thank you
