Third In-Class Exam

Math 246, Professor David Levermore

Thursday, 14 November 2019

Your Name:
UMD SID:
Discussion Instructor (circle one): Sam Potter Nathan Yu David Russell
Discussion Time (circle one): 9:00 11:00 12:00
No books, notes, calculators, or any electronic devices. If you need more space to
answer a problem then use the back of one of these pages. Do not separate the pages!
Indicate where the answer to each part of each problem is located. Cross out work that you
do not want considered. Your reasoning must be given for full credit! Good luck!
Please copy and sign the University Honor Pledge below.
Please print your name on each page.
University Honor Pledge: I pledge on my honor that I have not given or received any
unauthorized assistance on this examination.

Signature:

Problem 1: /6 Problem 2: /10

Problem 3: /6 Problem 4: /10

Problem 5: /8 Problem 6: /8

Problem 7: /8 Problem 8: /8

Problem 9: /10 Problem 10: /8

Problem 11: /10 Problem 12: /8

Total Score: /100 Grade:

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(1) [6] Recast the ordinary differential equation y 0000 − ey y 000 + et y 00 − sin(t + y 0 ) = 0 as a
first-order system of ordinary differential equations.

   t
t2 e
(2) [10] Consider the vector-valued functions x1 (t) = , x2 (t) = t .
−1 e
(a) [2] Compute the Wronskian Wr[x1 , x2 ](t).
(b) [3] Find C(t) such that x1 , x2 is a fundamental set of solutions to the system
x0 = C(t)x wherever Wr[x1 , x2 ](t) 6= 0.
(c) [2] Give a general solution to the system found in part (b).
(d) [3] Compute the Green matrix associated with the system found in part (b).
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(3) [6] Given that 2 is an eigenvalue of the matrix
 
4 0 −4
C = 0 3 3  ,
2 2 4
find all the eigenvectors of C associated with 2.

(4) [10] Solve the initial-value problem

        
d x −5 −4 x x(0) 0
= , = .
dt y 1 −1 y y(0) 2
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(5) [8] Two interconnected tanks are filled with brine (salt water). At t = 0 the first tank
contains 17 liters and the second contains 28 liters. Brine with a salt concentration
of 8 grams per liter flows into the first tank at 6 liters per hour. Well-stirred brine
flows from the first tank into the second at 7 liters per hour, from the second into
the first at 5 liters per hour, from the first into a drain at 3 liter per hour, and from
the second into a drain at 4 liters per hour. At t = 0 there are 21 grams of salt in
the first tank and 14 grams in the second.
(a) [6] Give an initial-value problem that governs the amount of salt in each tank
as a function of time.
(b) [2] Give the interval of definition for the solution of this initial-value problem.

(6) [8] A 4 × 4 matrix K has the eigenpairs

           
1 1 1 1
 1   1   −1  −1
0 ,   , 1 ,   , 4 ,   , 9 ,   ,
 1  −1   1   −1
1 −1 −1 1
(a) Give an invertible matrix V and a diagonal matrix D such that etK = VetD V−1 .
(You do not have to compute either V−1 or etK !)
(b) Give a fundamental matrix for the system x0 = Kx.
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(7) [8] Find a real general solution of the system
    
d x −7 −4 x
= .
dt y 2 −3 y

(8) [8] Find a real general solution of the system

    
d x 1 5 x
= .
dt y 3 3 y
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(9) [10] Find the natural fundamental set of solutions associated with the initial-time 0
for the operator D4 + 17D2 + 16.

(10) [8] Compute the Laplace transform of f (t) = u(t − 5) e−3t from its definition.
(Here u is the unit step function.)
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(11) [10] Consider the following MATLAB commands.
>> syms t x(t) s X
>> f = tˆ2 + heaviside(t − 2)*(4 − tˆ2);
>> diffeqn = diff(x, 2) + 4*diff(x, 1) + 20*x(t) == f;
>> eqntrans = laplace(diffeqn, t, s);
>> algeqn = subs(eqntrans, ...
[laplace(x(t), t, s), x(0), subs(diff(x(t), t), t, 0)], [X, 2, −3]);
>> xtrans = simplify(solve(algeqn, X));
>> x = ilaplace(xtrans, s, t)
(a) [2] Give the initial-value problem for x(t) that is being solved.
(b) [8] Find the Laplace transform X(s) of the solution x(t). (Just solve for X(s)!
DO NOT take the inverse Laplace transform of X(s) to find x(t)!)
You may refer to the table on the last page.

(12) [8] Find the inverse Laplace transform L−1 [Y (s)](t) of the function
s+8
Y (s) = e−2s 2 .
s − 8s + 25
You may refer to the table on the last page.
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Workspace (Give the number of the problem being worked!)

Table of Laplace Transforms

n!
L[tn eat ](s) = for s > a .
(s − a)n+1
s−a
L[eat cos(bt)](s) = for s > a .
(s − a)2 + b2
b
L[eat sin(bt)](s) = for s > a .
(s − a)2 + b2
L[j 0 (t)](s) = sJ(s) − j(0) where J(s) = L[j(t)](s) .
L[tn j(t)](s) = (−1)n J (n) (s) where J(s) = L[j(t)](s) .
L[eat j(t)](s) = J(s − a) where J(s) = L[j(t)](s) .
L[u(t − c)j(t − c)](s) = e−cs J(s) where J(s) = L[j(t)](s), c ≥ 0,
and u is the unit step function.
L[δ(t − c)j(t)](s) = e−cs j(c) where c ≥ 0 and δ is the unit impulse.