Task-based language teaching emphasizes:

A) Learning through memorization

B) Completing meaningful tasks
C) Grammar drills
D) Individual study
Answer: B

Sociolinguistics studies the relationship between:

A) Language and mental processes

B) Language and social factors
C) Language and culture
D) Language and intelligence
Answer: B

The "monitor hypothesis" is associated with which linguist?

A) Chomsky
B) Krashen
C) Skinner
D) Swain
Answer: B

Communicative competence includes all the following except:

A) Grammatical competence
B) Sociolinguistic competence
C) Discourse competence
D) Memorization competence
Answer: D

Which of the following is NOT a feature of a task in task-based learning?

A) Clear outcome
B) Authenticity
C) Focus on form
D) Meaningful context
Answer: C

The term "interlanguage" refers to:

A) A blend of two languages

B) The evolving language system of a learner
C) A dialect
D) The native language
Answer: B

The "silent way" method teaches language through:

A) Teacher talk
B) Student autonomy
C) Multimedia resources
D) Grammar explanations
Answer: B

"Scaffolding" in language learning refers to:

A) Building vocabulary
B) Support provided to learners
C) A classroom setup
D) Teaching grammar rules
Answer: B

Critical period hypothesis suggests:

A) Language can be learned at any age

B) There is an optimal time for language acquisition
C) Language is innate
D) Early exposure is unimportant
Answer: B

The natural approach to language acquisition emphasizes:

A) Grammar instruction
B) Comprehensible input
C) Vocabulary memorization
D) Formal assessment
Answer: B

A formative assessment is primarily used to:

A) Assign grades
B) Evaluate final outcomes
C) Monitor student progress
D) Compare students to each other
Answer: C
For which function is the "gerund" most commonly used?

A) Subject of a sentence
B) Direct object
C) Adjective
D) All of the above
Answer: D

The principles of constructivism in language teaching include:

A) Passive learning
B) Active engagement
C) Rigid structure
D) Sole focus on tests
Answer: B

Which of the following is an example of a discourse marker?

A) Because
B) Table
C) Run
D) Quickly
Answer: A

"Blended learning" combines:

A) Traditional methods and technology

B) Grammar and vocabulary focus
C) Speaking and writing
D) None of the above
Answer: A

A cooperative learning strategy in language teaching encourages:

A) Individual work
B) Student collaboration
C) Competition
D) Teacher-led instruction
Answer: B

Phonetics primarily studies:

A) Sentence structure
B) Sound production
C) Vocabulary use
D) Language variation
Answer: B

Which of the following represents a pragmatic act?

A) Asking for directions

B) Defining a word
C) Summarizing a text
D) Analyzing grammar rules
Answer: A

The use of visuals in language teaching is aimed at:

A) Reducing errors
B) Enhancing comprehension
C) Memorizing vocabulary
D) None of the above
Answer: B

The term "register" refers to:

A) Type of language use

B) A dialect
C) A language family
D) Language errors
Answer: A

The "total physical response" (TPR) method is effective for:

A) Advanced learners
B) Younger learners
C) Written language
D) Grammar-focused lessons
Answer: B

Which assessment type is focused on determining proficiency?

A) Diagnostic assessment
B) Formative assessment
C) Summative assessment
D) Informal assessment
Answer: C
"Code-switching" occurs when:

A) A speaker changes their accent

B) Multiple languages are used in conversation
C) Vocabulary is merged
D) Grammar rules are confused
Answer: B

The primary goal of language socialization is to:

A) Teach language rules

B) Develop conversational skills
C) Encourage cultural understanding
D) Study linguistic diversity
Answer: C

Inductive learning involves:

A) Direct instruction
B) Rule formulation based on examples
C) Memorization of rules
D) None of the above
Answer: B

How does cultural context impact language use?

A) It doesn't have an impact

B) It shapes meaning and interpretation
C) It only affects vocabulary
D) It only pertains to pronunciation
Answer: B

Which of the following represents a morpheme?

A) Cat
B) Cats
C) Running
D) All of the above
Answer: D

The term "lingua franca" refers to a language that is:

A) Used for cultural purposes

B) A native language
C) Used as a common means of communication
D) An endangered language
Answer: C

Which term describes a language that is at risk of extinction?

A) Dominant language
B) Minority language
C) Endangered language
D) Creole language
Answer: C

The "critical period" in language acquisition suggests:

A) There is no limit to learning languages

B) A specific time is critical for optimal learning
C) Age has no bearing on language learning
D) Only children learn languages easily
Answer: B

The distinction between "speech" and "writing" can be characterized by:

A) Formality
B) Structure
C) Use of grammar
D) All of the above
Answer: D

The term "phoneme" refers to:

A) A unit of sound
B) A unit of meaning
C) Syntax
D) A morpheme
Answer: A

Which is an example of a non-verbal communication method?

A) Email
B) Eye contact
C) Phone call
D) Written document
Answer: B
"Communicative language teaching" emphasizes:

A) Accuracy over fluency

B) Real-life communication
C) Teacher-centered instruction
D) Traditional grammar exercises
Answer: B

The "Lexical Approach" emphasizes the importance of:

A) Grammar rules
B) Vocabulary and phrases
C) Writing skills
D) Pronunciation
Answer: B

Which of the following is a component of phonology?

A) Sentence structure
B) Word formation
C) Sound patterns
D) None of the above
Answer: C

In a language learning context, scaffolding refers to:

A) A physical structure
B) Providing temporary support
C) Strict rules
D) Memorization techniques
Answer: B

"Basic Interpersonal Communicative Skills" (BICS) are:

A) Skills needed for academic success

B) Everyday conversational skills
C) Written communication skills
D) Specialized vocabulary
Answer: B

The term "affordances" in linguistics refers to:

A) Features that allow language use

B) Limitations in language
C) Incorrect language use
D) None of the above
Answer: A

Semantic mapping is an effective strategy for:

A) Assessing pronunciation
B) Learning vocabulary
C) Understanding syntax
D) Teaching grammar
Answer: B

Code-mixing refers to:

A) Switching between languages within a conversation

B) Mixing dialects
C) Incorrect grammar use
D) Losing fluency
Answer: A

A holistic approach to language learning focuses on:

A) Isolated skills
B) Language as a whole system
C) Grammar only
D) Vocabulary memorization
Answer: B

A learner-centered approach emphasizes:

A) Teacher's agenda
B) Individual needs of students
C) Standardized tests
D) Rigid teaching methods
Answer: B

The vocabulary "lexicon" refers to:

A) A dictionary
B) A unit of language
C) The mental repository of vocabulary
D) Grammar rules
Answer: C
The "input hypothesis" suggests that:

A) Comprehensible input is crucial for language acquisition

B) Only formal instruction matters
C) Output is more important than input
D) Vocabulary is the only focus
Answer: A

Authentic materials are defined as:

A) Textbook exercises
B) Real-world resources meant for native speakers
C) Simplified language texts
D) Teacher-created materials
Answer: B

Which type of discourse involves a single speaker addressing an audience?

A) Dialog
B) Monolog
C) Group discussion
D) Interactive discourse
Answer: B

In sociolinguistics, "diglossia" refers to:

A) The use of multiple languages in a community

B) Different varieties of the same language used in different contexts
C) Language shift
D) Learning barriers in language acquisition
Answer: B

"Language transfer" occurs when:

A) Learners apply rules from their native language to the target language
B) Learners forget their native language
C) Learners create new languages
D) None of the above
Answer: A

B) Direct Method
B) Drills and Repetitions
B) Emphasis on grammar rules
B) Grammar-Translation Method
C) Communicative Language Teaching (CLT)
A) Native language interference
B) Incorrect application of rules within the target language
B) Applying rules too broadly
A) Words are translated directly without context
B) A detailed plan for teaching and learning
B) Outcomes and competencies
C) Integration of language skills
D) All of the above
B) Flexibility in learning paths
B) Understanding the learner's thought process
B) Compare linguistic structures between languages
B) Harmer
B) Interaction and real-life tasks
B) Behavioral learning
B) Consideration of learners' needs
B) Various methods and principles

Theories of Language Learning

Which method emphasizes the direct association between language and meaning?

A) Grammar-Translation Method
B) Direct Method
C) Audio-lingual Method
D) Eclectic Approach
The Audio-lingual Method primarily utilizes:

A) Reading and Writing

B) Drills and Repetitions
C) Translation
D) Group Discussion
The Grammar-Translation Method is characterized by:

A) Speaking practice
B) Emphasis on grammar rules
C) Contextual learning
D) Pronunciation drills
The term "GTM" stands for:

A) General Teaching Method

B) Grammar-Translation Method
C) Group Teaching Model
D) Goal-Task Method
Which approach focuses on fluency and communication?

A) Behavioral Approach
B) Constructivist Approach
C) Communicative Language Teaching (CLT)
D) Audio-lingual Method

Errors in Language Learning

In error analysis, inter-lingual errors originate from:

A) Native language interference

B) Misunderstanding of the target language
C) Incomplete learning
D) Lack of practice
Intra-lingual errors occur due to:

A) Transfer from the first language

B) Incorrect application of rules within the target language
C) Cultural misunderstandings
D) Poor teaching methods
Overgeneralization in language learning refers to:

A) Misuse of vocabulary
B) Applying rules too broadly
C) Lack of grammatical accuracy
D) Ignoring syntax
A literal translation error happens when:

A) Words are translated directly without context

B) Cultural references are ignored
C) Syntax is altered
D) Grammar rules are misapplied

Syllabus Design and Implementation

The definition of a syllabus can be best described as:

A) A textbook
B) A detailed plan for teaching and learning
C) A list of vocabulary
D) A grammatical outline
A product-oriented syllabus focuses on:

A) Learning processes
B) Outcomes and competencies
C) Learner engagement
D) Sociocultural contexts
The analytic syllabus is characterized by:

A) Focus on language structures

B) Emphasis on communicative activities
C) Integration of language skills
D) Task-based learning
The dichotomy between process-oriented and product-oriented syllabuses is important
because:

A) It determines teaching methods

B) It affects student motivation
C) It influences assessment styles
D) All of the above
Which of the following is a characteristic of a process-oriented syllabus?

A) Predefined outcomes
B) Flexibility in learning paths
C) Rigid structure
D) Standardized testing

Contextual Understanding

The mentalistic attitude to errors emphasizes:

A) The need for correction immediately

B) Understanding the learner's thought process
C) Memorization of rules
D) Ignoring errors
Contrastive analysis is used to:

A) Identify common errors

B) Compare linguistic structures between languages
C) Develop teaching materials
D) Assess language proficiency

Suggested Readings
Which author is associated with the practice of English language teaching?

A) Chomsky
B) Harmer
C) Johnson
D) Skinner
The contextual focus in communicative teaching is highlighted by:

A) Grammar focus
B) Interaction and real-life tasks
C) Rote memorization
D) Instructor-led lectures
Skinner's theory in language acquisition emphasizes:

A) Nativism
B) Behavioral learning
C) Cognition
D) Social interaction
An important aspect of syllabus design is:

A) Strict adherence to grammar

B) Consideration of learners' needs
C) Focus solely on vocabulary
D) Teaching in isolation

Additional Topics

The eclectic approach to language teaching combines:

A) Only one teaching method
B) Various methods and principles
C) Theoretical perspectives
D) Historical approaches