ASIAN INSTITUTE OF MARITIME STUDIES

Asian Institute of Maritime Studies

Pasay City
THE IMPACT OF CONDUCTING SAFETY DRILLS ONBOARD VESSELS ON
THE IMPROVEMENT OF EMERGENCY RESPONSE AND PREPAREDNESS
OF FILIPINO SEAFARERS

A Research Paper Presented to the

Faculty of Marine Transportation Department
Asian Institute of Maritime Studies

In Partial Fulfilment of the

Requirements for the Program
Bachelor of Science in Marine Transportation

By

CORPUZ, ALDOUS LORENCE C.

DIRAIN, ELWIN DALE A.
FABUL, IVANREI JAVIER
MEDINA, KURT C.
NALAM, REIN JOHN O.
PENILLA, REGAN N.

Thesis Adviser

Prof. Charity T. Manuel

June 2024

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INSTRUCTOR’S RECOMMENDATION SHEET

THE IMPACT OF CONDUCTING SAFETY DRILLS ONBOARD VESSELS ON

THE IMPROVEMENT OF EMERGENCY RESPONSE AND PREPAREDNESS
OF FILIPINO SEAFARERS

By

CORPUZ, ALDOUS LORENCE C.

DIRAIN, ELWIN DALE A.
FABUL, IVANREI JAVIER
MEDINA, KURT C.
NALAM, REIN JOHN O.
PENILLA, REGAN N.

This thesis has been examined and is recommended for acceptance and
approval for ORAL EXAMINATION.

Prof. Charity T. Manuel

Thesis Adviser

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APPROVAL SHEET

This thesis entitled “THE IMPACT OF CONDUCTING SAFETY DRILLS

ONBOARD VESSELS ON THE IMPROVEMENT OF EMERGENCY RESPONSE
AND PREPAREDNESS OF FILIPINO SEAFARERS” prepared and submitted by
ALDOUS LORENCE CORPUZ, ELWIN DALE DIRAIN, IVANREI JAVIER FABUL,
KURT MEDINA, REINJOHN NALAM, and REGAN PENILLA, in partial fulfilment of the
requirements for the course MARITIME RESEARCH (MARRES2 333), has been
examined and is recommended for acceptance and approval of ORAL
EXAMINATION.

PROF. CHARITY T. MANUEL

Research Adviser

PANEL OF EXAMINERS

Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination with a grade of ____.

PROF. CHARITY T. MANUEL

Research Adviser

Accepted and approved in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the

course Maritime Research (MARRES 2 333).

C/O Marion Penales Ms. Jeane Galero Dr. Priscilla Coligado

Panelist Panelist Panelist

Dr. Edgardo P. Geguiento

Date: June 5, 2024 Dean, School of Merchant Marine

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PERMISSION TO PUBLISH

I hereby grant the Asian Institute of Maritime Studies (AIMS), a non-

exclusive, worldwide royalty-free license to reproduce, publish and publicity
distribute copies of this thesis in whatever form subject to the provisions of
applicable laws, the provisions of the AIMS Intellectual Property Right (PR) policy
and any contractual obligations, as well as more specific permission marking on
the Title Page.

Specifically, I grant the following rights to the institution:

To upload a copy of the work in the thesis database of the academic

institution and in any other database available on the public internet;

To publish the work in the school research journal, both in print and
electronic or digital format and online; and

To give open access to above-mentioned work, thus allowing “fair use” of

the work in accordance with the provisions of the Intellectual Property Code of
Philippines (Republic Act No.8293) especially for teaching, scholarly and research
purposes.

CORPUZ, ALDOUS LORENCE C. 06/15/2024

Signature over Student Name and Date

DIRAIN, ELWIN DALE A. 06/15/2024

Signature over Student Name and Date

FABUL, IVANREI JAVIER 06/15/2024

Signature over Student Name and Date

MEDINA, KURT C. 06/15/2024

Signature over Student Name and Date

NALAM, REIN JOHN O. 06/15/2024

Signature over Student Name and Date

PENILLA, REGAN N. 06/15/2024

Signature over Student Name and Date

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The group four researchers from MT 33-A4 wishes to express their

profound appreciation to all persons who provided assistance in whatever way they

could, and who gave their time, effort, and expertise to ensure the successful

completion of this research.

The researchers would like to offer their deepest gratitude to God Almighty,

our Lord and Savior, for bestowing knowledge, determination, guidance, and

expertise in the pursuit of wisdom and exploration in this research. They are

thankful for His direction in assisting the researchers in overcoming the challenges

faced throughout the process of developing this academic work. From formulating

the title to finishing Chapter Five, God's presence was ever-present. Additionally,

God provided the motivation for the researchers to continue their study and ensure

its practicability and applicability for other advantageous purposes, regardless of

the achievements and outcomes of any challenges. Without His presence, this

thesis would have been unattainable.

The researchers wish to acknowledge and express their gratitude to the

following persons for their significant contributions to the success of this study:

The researchers express their utmost appreciation to Professor Charity T.

Manuel for her significant contributions and direction during the completion of this

research work. Professor Manuel served as the researchers' adviser and mentor.

They are grateful for her unwavering support in their study, as well as for her

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guidance, patience, encouragement, proactiveness, and extensive expertise. Her

continuous mentoring assisted the maritime students throughout the period of their

study and thesis writing. They could not have pictured a more outstanding adviser

and mentor for their research. The assistance and sacrifices of their instructor were

fundamental for the successful completion of this thesis.

To the researchers' professors and faculty at the School of Merchant

Marine, as well as their validators. The researchers express their appreciation to

2/O Alvin Eric Barbato, 3/E Warren P. Rosal, Mr. Perfecto Tagura, and Ma’am

Charity Manuel for their valuable contribution in validating the researchers' work.

The researchers express their gratitude for the assistance, recommendations, and

motivation provided by others, which enabled them to produce this thesis paper

with accuracy and refinement. Also, Ma'am Sheena Gwendolyn Valdez for

proofreading and checking the grammar of the researcher’s final manuscript for

book bind. The grammarian meticulously checks and edit the paper from chapter

1 to 5.

To Mr. Melvin Macuha, the statistician responsible for evaluating and

interpreting the outcomes of the research survey questionnaires. The researchers

would like to express their gratitude to the statistician for his statistical knowledge

and guidance in the presentation, interpretation, and analysis of data. Without his

assistance, the researchers would struggle to examine and understand the data

obtained from the survey. The attention to detail and exactness of the interpretation

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of the research instrument have enabled them to get the results they needed and

offer their study to the community.

The researchers would like to extend their utmost appreciation to the AIMS

Center for Research and Institutional Development, under the leadership of Dr.

Victor M. Cajala and Dean Dr. Franco Quodala for their unwavering support and

effort. In addition, they would like to express their gratitude to Mr. Dhuff Mattheus

Ortiz for assisting and endorsing the gathered data to the statistician. Their

contributions were significant to the successful completion of this study.

To the highly respected members of the panel, C/O Marion Penales, Ms.

Jeane Galero, and Dr. Priscilla Coligado, the researchers express their gratitude

for their invaluable contributions in analyzing, assessing, and providing

suggestions and guidance to enhance the quality and impact of their

thesis. Furthermore, the researchers would like to extend their utmost gratitude to

all the significant individuals who have played a crucial role in their research,

contributing to its success. This would be unachievable without their presence and

pieces of advice. This research paper is dedicated to all of the readers.

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ABSTRACT

This study explored the effectiveness of mandatory safety drills on

Filipino seafarers' emergency preparedness and response. International Maritime

Organization's first pillar, the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), mandates these drills

and their frequency which are believed to enhance crew competency when

emergencies occur onboard the ship. However, the repetitive nature of some drills

and the potential for human error during emergencies raise questions about their

overall effectiveness. Frequent safety drills take their rest time and make them

degrading interest to those. To investigate Filipino seafarers' perspective on this

topic, the researchers employed snowball sampling to survey fifty (50) seafarers

from three Manila shipping companies. The target population comprised seafarers

between the ages of twenty (20) and sixty (60) with one (1) to thirty (30) years of

experience at sea. Subsequently, the result of firefighting, enclosed space, and

rescue, and abandon ship drills have a positive impact on Filipino seafarers' safety

skills. It shows that frequent drills absolutely improve and make them more

competent. Using it mainly in emergencies is highly life-saving and saves others'

lives by cultivating teamwork efficiency and collaboration during drills. The result

shows that there is a significant relationship between the impact of conducting

safety drills and the emergency response and preparedness of Filipino seafarers.

Therefore, this research aimed to generate valuable insights into the efficacy of

safety drills for Filipino seafarers, with potential benefits for shipping companies,

maritime training institutions, maritime students, and policymakers.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Preliminaries

Title ………………………………………………………………………… i
Instructor’s Recommendation ……………………….…………………… ii
Approval Sheet ……….…………………………………………………… iii
Permission to Publish ……………………………………………………. iv
Acknowledgement ………………………………………………………... v
Abstract …………………………………………………………………… vii
Table of Contents ………………………………………………………... ix
List of Figures and Tables ……………………………………………… xi

Chapter 1. THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction ………………………………………... 1
Background of the Study ……………………………. 3
Theoretical Framework ……………………………. 6
Conceptual Framework ……………………………. 8
Statement of the Problem ……………………………. 9
Hypothesis ……………………………………………. 10
Scope and the Limitation of the Study ……………. 10
Significance of Study ……………………………. 11
Definition of Terms …………………………….. 13

Chapter 2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Legal Basis …….……………………………………… 15
Foreign Literature………………………………………. 16
Local Literature ……………………………………. 19
Foreign Studies ……………………………………. 21
Local Studies ……………………………………. 23

Chapter 3. METHODOLOGY
Research Design …………………………………….. 27
Population, Sample Size, and Sampling Technique ... 28
Research Instrument …………………………………… 29
Data Gathering Procedure ……………………… 31
Statistical Treatment Data ………………………. 33

Chapter 4. PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND

INTERPRETATION OF DATA ………………… 35

Chapter 5. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 62

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REFERENCES ……………………………………………………………… 74
APPENDICES
Appendix A: Proposed Questionnaire ………………………….. 85
Appendix B: Letter for Validation …………………………….... 92
Appendix C: Certificate for Statistical Derivation ………………… 96
Appendix D: Grammarian’s Certification………………………….. 97
Appendix E: Data Gathering …………….………………………… 98
Appendix F: Raw Data from Statistician …………………………. 109
Appendix G: Curriculum Vitae …………………………. 118
Appendix H: Documentation …………………………. 130

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LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES

Figure No. Description Page No.

1 Conceptual Framework of the Study ….. 7

LIST OF TABLES

Table No. Description Page No.

4.1 Frequency Table of the Participants’ Age and Gender …… 35

4.2 Frequency Table of the Ships’ Trade and Types of Ships of the
Participants …………………………………..……………….. 37

4.3 Descriptive Statistics of the Participants’ Perception on the Impact

of Onboard Safety Drills on the Improvement of the Emergency
Response and Preparedness in terms of Firefighting…..... 39

4.4 Descriptive Statistics of Participants’ Perception on the Impact of

Onboard Safety Drills on the Improvement of the Emergency
Response and Preparedness in terms of Enclosed Space and
Rescue ………………………………...………………………. 42

4.5 Descriptive Statistics of the Participants’ Perception on the Impact

of Onboard Safety Drills on the Improvement of the Emergency
Response and Preparedness in terms of Abandon Ship….. 45

4.6 Descriptive Statistics of the Participants’ Preparedness in

Response to Emergencies after Participating in Frequent Onboard
Safety Drills in terms of Firefighting………………………… 48

4.7 Descriptive Statistics of the Participants’ Preparedness in

Response to Emergencies after Participating in Frequent Onboard
Safety Drills in terms of Enclosed Space and Rescue ……. 51

4.8 Descriptive Statistics of the Participants’ Preparedness in

Response to Emergencies after Participating in Frequent Onboard
Safety Drills in terms of Abandon Ship ……………………… 54

4.9 Pearson Correlation (r) Analysis of the Relationship between the

Impact of Conducting Safety Drills and the Emergency Response
and Preparedness of Filipino Seafarer.…………………….. 58

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ASIAN OF OF
INSTITUTE MARITIME STUDIES
MARITIME STUDIES

CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

The sea has not changed even though life at sea has evolved significantly

over the years, and safety drills are now more comprehensive, and practical. At

the present time, maritime laws are mandatory when it comes to safety and

especially the safety of life at sea convention (SOLAS). The regulations of it require

Filipino seafarers to conduct safety drills and simulations onboard the ship. Hence,

those drills help them to improve their safety skills but sometimes, there are

tendencies that they forget the proper procedures of the safety drills. Therefore,

the result may lead to the risk of accidents in actual emergency situations. That is

why safety drills are frequently conducted in order to refine or improve the

preparedness and emergency response of the crew.

This research aimed to estimate the impact of conducting safety drills on

Filipino seafarers’ emergency response and preparedness onboard vessels, as

measured by survey results. These drills included firefighting, abandoning ship,

and enclosed space and rescue procedures.

Frequent safety drills are believed to enhance the safety skills of Filipino

seafarers, such as emergency response, preparedness, prior knowledge,

situational awareness, resourcefulness, and teamwork, in case of a real crisis.

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These skills potentially crucial during real-world situations like firefighting,

enclosed space rescues, and abandoning ship.

By fostering these skills, safety drills can help Filipino seafarers avoid

human injuries, loss of life, and onboard stress, both local and global. Drills can

prepare crews for real emergencies, such as abandoning ship, by minimizing panic

and preventing stampede. The crew does these three (3) drills every month and

every two (2) months, respectively.

The requirement to conduct drills is mandated by the SOLAS convention,

which all ships must follow. As outlined in the convention (Sharma, 2021), “each

crew member is required to participate in at least one abandon ship drill and one

fire drill each month”. Also, according to Skuld (2019), “SOLAS chapter 3

regulation 19 mandated that enclosed space entry and rescue drills be performed

every two (2) months commencing at the start of this year”. Therefore, the interval

of performing those drills onboard the vessel is valuable to certainly improve the

safety skills of Filipino seafarers which is their emergency response and

preparedness that can apply when actual emergency occurs.

In addition, participating in emergency drills equips crew members with

valuable knowledge and skills for handling real emergencies. By familiarizing

themselves with proper procedures and equipment, the crew becomes more

reliable in dangerous situations. In accordance with Raunek (2019), the objective

of conducting any form of drill onboard the vessels is to acquaint the personnel

with the various procedures that must be adhered to in situations of emergencies.

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Therefore, the ship's crew can develop and enhance their emergency

response when conducting various drills onboard the ship. However, there were

many accident reports that were caused by crew negligence despite conducting

safety drills. According to Majan (2019), fires thrive on negligence. This study

suggests that early detection failures often stem from inadequate training and crew

unawareness caused by heavy workloads. Despite participating in safety drills,

accidents still occur due to crew negligence, most commonly leading to onboard

fire incidents. This negligence might be caused by forgetting procedures under

pressure or due to excessive workload.

This research aimed to investigate whether Filipino seafarers believe that

safety drills significantly improve their emergency response and preparedness.

The study hypothesized that safety drills are a key factor in developing

competence to handle emergencies like fires and enclosed space accidents. It

further explored whether the current frequency of safety drills onboard is sufficient

to enhance emergency response. Additionally, the research examined the

seafarers' flexibility in performing drills, considering that some crew members

might require adjustments to ensure successful execution. Finally, the study

assessed the seafarers' adherence to proper procedures outlined in the safety

management system during drills.

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Background of the Study

Conducting safety drills is an integral part of working aboard the vessel to

give seafarers an idea when an actual emergency arises. Many studies have been

published that aim to evaluate and assess the effectiveness of safety drills for

ship’s crews. These studies investigate whether frequent emergency simulation

exercises or drills are effective in improving crew preparedness. According to

Dragomir and Utureanu (2016), a well-trained workforce reduces transport

hazards and improves service safety. Therefore, drills and training aboard ships

(or on land) are an integral component of the job process for seafarers. Drills are

regulated, guided exercises that train ship crews for emergencies like fire, severe

weather, and abandoning ship. In addition, regular or frequent safety drills assist

seafarers to enhance their safety skills, such as their preparedness, and

emergency response, and increase their situational awareness.

Safety drills onboard, in which Filipino seafarers participate, are mandatory

due to established safety regulations. However, some seafarers can still be

negligent during actual emergencies, even though they practice drills and

simulations diligently onboard. On the fourteenth of August the year 2018, when

the cargo was being unloaded, the apprentice became oxygen-deprived

throughout the Australian ladder stem of Cargo Hold. Then the Chief mate, in trying

to save the apprentice, lost consciousness (Safety for Sea, 2020). The report

emphasized that the tragic event was partially attributable to a lack of acquaintance

with established protocols. Regrettably, the analysis observed that occurrences

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involving improper entry and rescue procedures in confined areas are frequently

observed.

The study also found that frequent drills using the same procedures can be

tedious for seafarers. However, the researchers aimed to demonstrate that safety

drills are still necessary and effective in improving emergency response onboard

vessels. Regular drills ensure familiarity with procedures during actual

emergencies, which is crucial for the crew to perform effectively and utilize

lifesaving equipment properly.

According to Gard (n.d.), drills increase their capacity to respond to and

manage complicated events and give a chance to make sure that all life-saving

appliances and related equipment are in place, operational, and ready for use.

This research investigated the impact of safety drills on Filipino seafarers' safety

skills, particularly their emergency response and preparedness, through a survey

to assess their perceived effectiveness and practicality. As mandated by SOLAS

(2020), Crew members engage in a minimum of one abandon ship and

firefighting exercise per month. Enclosed space entry and rescue drills are carried

out on board a minimum every two months. The study aimed to determine whether

these mandated drill intervals are effective in cultivating the seafarers' safety

skills. Specifically, the researchers sought to estimate the percentage of Filipino

seafarers who believe that safety drills enhance their emergency response and

preparedness.

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Theoretical Framework

The study utilized Kirkpatrick's model to determine and analyze the impact

of safety drills conducted by Filipino seafarers at sea. This technique, employing

four (4) distinct levels of learning evaluation, assessed the seafarers' safety

abilities. By analyzing the collected data, the researchers sought to understand

how effectively Filipino seafarers learned about safety drills through their

participation and how their emergency response and preparedness were

enhanced by frequent firefighting, abandon ship, enclosed space, and rescue

drills.

According to Kirkpatrick's Model of Evaluation Explained (2022), “Sir

Donald Kirkpatrick first published his ideas on training assessment in 1959”.

However, it wasn't until 1975 with his book, Evaluating Training Programs, that his

views gained significant attention in the business world. By examining each stage

of the model, personnel can determine the effectiveness of a training program and

identify areas for improvement to enhance its future impact.

This study aimed to investigate whether shipboard safety drills significantly

enhance the safety skills of Filipino seafarers. The research was anchored on the

findings of Dragomir & Utureanu (2016), who identified safety drills as essential for

developing crew skills in emergency response and preparedness. It also explored

the relationship between the frequency of different safety drills onboard and the

crew's knowledge and ability to utilize life-saving appliances and follow proper

procedures. As highlighted by Dragomir & Utureanu (2016), conducting drills and

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training onboard a vessel offers several advantages, including reduced response

times in real emergencies, improved crew making decisions under stress and

increased familiarity in regards to the vessel's equipment and protocols.

In addition, as stated in Ocean Time Marine (2017), realistic safety drills are

the ideal preparation for emergency survivability. These can save lives, and aid

mariners survive the unpredictable if they perform diligently and consistently. That

is also a vital component of personnel SMS. This study was also guided by a safety

management system (SMS). SMS outlines proper procedures for safety drills and

raises awareness of workplace hazards. Shipping corporations design and

implement SMS to ensure a safe working environment onboard vessels and

protect the maritime environment (Runek, 2021). Safety drill procedures are

anchored in the SMS, which is mandated by SOLAS Chapter IX. This alignment

with SMS supported the researchers' identification of proper procedures for

simulating actual drills.

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Conceptual Framework

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE DEPENDENT VARIABLE

The impact of conducting safety The improvement of the

drills: emergency response and
preparedness of Filipino
• Firefighting;
seafarers in terms of:
• Enclosed space and
rescue; and • Firefighting skills;
• Abandon Ship drill. • Enclosed space and
rescue safety skills; and
• Abandon ship
preparedness

Figure 1: Research Paradigm

The aforementioned research paradigm illustrates the potential relationship

between two (2) distinct variables. The researchers of this study determined if

there is a significant relationship between the independent variable, which is the

impact of conducting safety drills and frequent safety drills onboard in terms of

firefighting, enclosed space and rescue, and abandon ship, and the dependent

variable, which is the improvement of Filipino seafarers' safety skills in terms of

firefighting, enclosed space and rescue, and abandon ship. Therefore, this

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relationship paradigm explains if there is an important connection between the

independent and dependent variables.

Statement of the Problem

The main concern of this study was focused on the extent of the impact of

conducting safety drills onboard vessels on the improvement of the emergency

response and preparedness of Filipino seafarers. This study intended primarily to

address the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the Filipino seafarers in terms of:

1.1 Age;

1.2 Gender;

1.3 Years of experience;

1.4 Ship’s trade; and

1.5 Type of ship?

2. What is the impact of onboard safety drills on the improvement of the

emergency response and preparedness of Filipino seafarers in terms of:

2.1 Firefighting;

2.2 Enclosed space and rescue; and

2.3 Abandon Ship?

3. How prepared the Filipino seafarers with regards in response to

emergencies after participating in frequent onboard safety drills in terms of:

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3.1 Firefighting;

3.2 Enclosed space and rescue; and

3.3 Abandon Ship?

4. Is there a significant relationship between the impact of conducting safety

drills and the emergency response and preparedness of Filipino seafarers?

Hypothesis

H0: There is no significant relationship between the impact of conducting

safety drills and the emergency response and preparedness of Filipino seafarers.

Scope and Limitation of the Study

This quantitative research aimed to know if there is a significant value in

Filipino seafarers' satisfaction with the impact of mandatory safety drills in

improving their emergency response and preparedness. This research has also

shown how they view the effectiveness of these safety drills.

Snowball sampling was employed to recruit participants for this study. Data

will be collected from fifty (50) Filipino seafarers with experience onboard ships.

The target population comprised Filipino seafarers currently working for at least

three different shipping companies located on Kalaw Avenue, Ermita, Manila,

encompassing both international and domestic companies. The researchers aim

to generalize the findings to the broader population of Filipino seafarers based on

the experiences of these 50 respondents.

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The target respondents’ range in age from twenty (20) to sixty (60) or above.

Filipino seafarers can work onboard vessels as long as they are physically fit and

capable of handling shipboard duties. There will likely be a variation in years of

experience onboard, with some having one year and others exceeding thirty. This

range ensures that the participants possess a variety of experience levels and

familiarity with onboard safety drills.

This study focused specifically on Filipino seafarers currently working

onboard vessels and excluded any data unrelated to the research topic. The

research was conducted within the target population itself, at their workplaces. To

gain a wider range of perspectives on safety drills, the researchers also included

Filipino seafarers from the same location who are currently pursuing master's

degrees but have prior onboard experience. These seafarers, having recently

completed their contracts and continuing their education, can provide valuable

insights based on their practical experience with safety drills.

Significance of the Study

This study aimed to provide vital information on the impact of conducting

safety drills onboard vessels on the improvement of emergency response and

preparedness of Filipino seafarers in the actual emergency in the field of the

maritime industry. Then, the result of this research benefits the following

beneficiaries.

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Seafarers. Regular safety drills conducted onboard vessels can

significantly enhance Filipino seafarers' safety skills. These drills allow seafarers

to practice using lifesaving equipment and procedures in a controlled environment,

fostering familiarity that can be critical during real emergencies. As a result, Filipino

seafarers may be more prepared to respond effectively and potentially save lives

in emergency situations.

Marine environment. It is still in good condition and can produce what

humans need because the ship is also safe and one of the reasons why the domain

is all right. Because of the Filipino seafarers working onboard who have knowledge

related to safety drills, their seafaring skills keep developing. Therefore, the risk of

accidents and environmental damage is minimized.

Shipping companies. Despite needing repairs, the shipping company can

continue operating due to its responsible and skilled seafarers who are proficient

in safety drills. Because of the safety skills of seafarers, the crew onboard can

minimize the ship's damage and have a safe voyage.

Maritime students. This study may help maritime students be skilled

seafarers, especially in safety. The marine students already have an idea and

knowledge, and the naval students can be ready onboard and accept the

challenges willingly with no fear. Because of this study, maritime students can be

quality seafarers.

Future researchers. The maritime sector can utilize this study as a

foundation or secondary source for their research endeavors. By citing this

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research and including its data in their papers, researchers in the maritime sector

can gain valuable insights and strengthen their own work.

Definition of Terms

Abandon ship. According to Tufigno and De Caro (2020), the purpose of

such drills is to prepare all crew on board for any emergency evacuation that may

occur in the case of a fire or abandon ship order.

Enclosed space. It is defined as enclosed areas as those with restricted

entry and exit points, insufficient ventilation, and that are not suitable for

continuous worker occupation.

Emergency response. It refers to a seafarer’s essential skill because they

know how to handle the situation and think about how to solve the particular

problem, such as how they safely manage the fire and extinguish it quickly.

Firefighting drill. It is conducted to prepare the crew for emergency

situations that may occur in the event of a shipboard fire (Raunek, 2019).

Kirkpatrick Model. According to mind tool (n.d.), “the Kirkpatrick Model is

a globally renowned evaluation and analysis technique for educational, training,

and learning initiatives. It has four evaluation levels: Reaction, Learning, Behavior,

and Results”.

Negligence. According to Meriam Webster (n.d.), it is the failure to take the

caution that a reasonably prudent person would apply in like situations.

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Preparedness. It is a significant skill that a crew must have at all times

because they know exactly what action must be taken to be safe in actual

emergencies.

Regulation. It is a rule or order with the force of law issued by an executive

authority or regulatory agency of a government (Meriam Webster, n.d.).

Safety Drills. Drills are implemented in maritime transportation to simulate

the manner in which a vessel's crew or individual should react in the event of an

emergency on board the vessel, which can refer to fires, explosions, attacks by

pirates, ship drowning, aground, and capsizing of ship (Dragomir & Simona, 2016).

Safety Management System. "SMS is a structured, established procedure

that shipping companies implement to ensure the safety of the maritime

environment and the ships" (Raunek, 2021).

SOLAS. According to IMO (n.d.), “the Safety of Life at Seas Convention is

to specify minimum standards for the construction, equipment, and operation of

ships, compatible with their safety. Then it is concerned with the safety of the crew,

cargo, and vessel”.

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CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter contains a discussion of some legal basis, literature, and

studies gathered from various publications and papers that have aided in

comprehending the significance of this study.

Legal Basis

On board the ship, safety drills are performed once a month or every two

(2) months to ensure the safety of the seafarer. In those drills, the crew familiarize

themselves with the life-saving appliances and proper procedures, and they can

improve their safety skills during an emergency. These are the legal basis

implemented in foreign and local that are related to the researcher’s study.\

Foreign Legal Basis

MSC.1/Circ.1578 (2021) stated that "The objective of drill and training is to

develop appropriate crew competencies, enabling effective and safe utilization of

the equipment required by the 1974 SOLAS Convention, as amended (SOLAS)".

The Maritime Safety Committee is the highest sector of the International Maritime

Organization, which focuses on maritime safety and updating the Safety of Life at

Sea convention. Then MSC provides a memorandum including updates or

adjustments on various drills onboard, such as fire drills, abandon ship, and

enclosed space and rescue drills. The organization focuses on improving

seafarers' safety skills by conducting safety drills onboard the ship. Routines

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provide the opportunity to develop expertise with the cooperative usage of safety

equipment. Frequent exercises enhance the capacity to respond to and manage

an emergency crisis (MSC, 2021). Experience has shown that repetitions of drills

will be able to familiarize the crew with the life-saving equipment on board their

ships and raise their trust that the equipment will function and be effective in an

emergency.

Local Legal Basis

According to MARINA memorandum circular 2021-03 specific provision

number 7, " Companies should develop plans for drills (Fire & Abandon Ship) and

exercises to train their vessel's crew for an emergency response using the Fire

Safety System (FSS) and the Fire Fighting Equipment onboard. Fire drills must be

conducted in line with Section 19.3 of the rules." The Maritime Industry Authority

is responsible for the growth and promotion of the maritime industry and the

regulation of shipping companies. Then the agency "addresses the safety

concerns about vessel construction, and the enforcement of maritime law" (DOTr,

n.d.). Therefore, the MARINA is the agency in the Philippines that is in charge of

implementing a memorandum circular about safety drills onboard the vessel for

domestic shipping and improving the safety skills of Filipino seafarers.

Related Literature

Foreign Literature

The purpose of ship exercises is to acquaint the ship's crew with the multiple

emergency procedures that must be followed. It acquaints the personnel with the
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equipment and tactics utilized during an emergency. Various drills onboard are a

significant way to familiarize the crew with life-saving appliances such as fire

extinguishers, lifeboats, and portable gas detectors for enclosed spaces.

Moreover, to prevent improper procedures or to be negligent in emergencies.

Raunek (2019) stated that onboard ships, the fire drill is one of the important drills.

It trains the ship's crew in the fundamentals of fire prevention and prepares them

for any situation that may develop due to a fire on board. Therefore, those drills

are the key to improving their safety skills, especially working as a team in

emergencies. This teamwork ensures that no one is left behind onboard in the

event of an emergency.

The SOLAS Consolidated Edition 2020, Chapter 3 Regulation 19,

"Emergency training and drills, stated that every crew member must engage in at

least one ship abandonment and one fire drill every month”. Personnel actions

must be conducted within twenty-four (24) hours of the ship's departure from the

port if more than twenty-five (25) percent of the personnel have not participated in

abandon ship and fire exercises on board the ship over the preceding month.

These drills must be conducted before departure when a vessel comes to service

for the first time, following extensive repair, or when a new crew is hired. For

classes of vessels for which this is impractical, the Administration may accept other

arrangements that are at least similar. Therefore, all crew must participate in

various drills regarding their safety onboard, and they can get many safety skills

such as preparedness and emergency response during those drills.

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According to SOLAS Consolidated Edition, Chapter Three (3) Regulation 19,

"Crew members with enclosed space entry or rescue duties should participate at

least once every two (2) months in an enclosed space entry and rescue exercise

on board the ship."

In addition, "crew members with enclosed space entry or rescue duties

should engage at least once every two (2) months in an enclosed space entry and

rescue practice on board the ship" (SOLAS Chapter 3 Regulation 19, 2020).

SOLAS is a maritime safety convention. In its several versions, the SOLAS

Convention is widely recognized as the most significant international treaty about

merchant ships and their crews. In response to the loss of the RMS Titanic, the

pact's initial version was adopted in 1914. It specified the number of lifeboats,

additional safety equipment, and precautionary actions. In 1929, 1948, 1960, 1974,

and 1988, a more recent form of the phrase was used.

Moreover, the exercise training manual should include direction on Risk

management standards and best practices. This Training Manual may be

distributed aboard following International Safety Management Code Drill

Requirements for Training Purposes. This Training Manual under IMO Guidelines

and standard maritime practice is created. This instruction handbook is not subject

to approval, although it will be inspected by any third party conducting a vessel

inspection. It includes the correct procedures, such as abandon ship and fire drills

(SQE Marine Group, n.d.).

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ISM Code Implementation on Ship is Emergency readiness to address

onboard incidents. The organization should implement drill and exercise programs

to prepare for emergency responses. “ISM code is the International Safety

Management code approved by the IMO assembly for the safe operation of ships

and the avoidance of pollution” (ISM code, n.d.).

Local Literature

The ISM code is also known as the International Management Code for the

Safe Operation of Vessels and Pollution Prevention (princeokporu, 2022). It

concerns safety at sea and includes the safety of the crew and the ship. Then it

required the company to work on improving its crew's safety skills on board and

provide a safety management system manual. According to IMO (n.d.) “The

International Safety Management (ISM) Code establishes an international

standard for the safe management and operation of vessels at sea and pollution

avoidance, which includes the utilization of ISM Safety Management Systems

(SMS)”.

According to MARINA circular no. 2015-11, every shipping company

operating a covered ship must establish, adopt, and implement a Safety

Management System in accordance with the revised Guidelines for the

Implementation of the International Safety Management (ISM) Code by Shipping

Companies (MSC-MEPC.7/Circ). Companies and vessels certified under NSM

and ISM must adhere to the Circular Document of Compliance/Safety

Management Certificate expiry specified below.

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Also, the DOC/SMC Safety Management Certificate (SMC) is a certification

that is issued to a ship to confirm that the company and its onboard management

adhere to the relevant SMS. The A Document of Compliance (DOC) is an official

record that is given to an organization to show compliance with the requirements

of this Circular and its relevant standards; when another company or entity

acquires operational authority and responsibility for a ship covered by this Circular,

the registered or despondent owner shall notify the Administration. Foreign vessels

navigating Philippine waters must have an SMS compatible with the ISM. A

company possessing an authorized SMS Manual for MC No. 143 is not required

to update it. Within three (3) months following the expiration date of its present

DOC, a corporation having an authorized SMS Manual according to MC No. 159

must resubmit it for document review and approval and apply for a new DOC.

When the company receives its DOC, any vessel with an existing SMC under MC

No. 159 must be certified. The DOC and SMS for this Circular are valid for five

years (MARINA circular no. 2015-11).

Maritime Industry Authority adheres to the Auditor's Manual. MARINA is the

agency in the Philippines accountable for Enabling shipping companies to attain

and maintain high standards of safety and marine environment protection by

implementing security measures against identified risks and adhering to safety

protocols in ship operation and the work environment; and continual enhancement

of safety management skills of Filipino seafarers ashore and aboard ships,

including preparation for safety and marine environment emergencies.

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Therefore, domestic commercial vessels should also comply with the

regulations of MARINA that adopted the mandatory ISM code which is the safety

management system. In SMS, the proper procedures of safety drills are

established to prepare Filipino seafarers for actual emergencies. Therefore,

frequent safety drills are essential for familiarizing and preparing Filipino seafarers,

especially those who may lack experience, for serious situations. These drills play

a significant role in improving their overall safety skills.

Related Studies

Foreign Studies

According to the Tacs' (2020) case study, priority should be given to

addressing inadequate firefighting practice and training, the absence of crew

members and officer, and incorrect placement of carried out tools, equipment, or

materials in the firefighting unit. These factors have the potential to create fires

within the vessel and thus call for effective readiness. Therefore, if the safety drill

onboard is insufficient, mariners will not become acquainted with the correct

method and life-saving equipment, resulting in neglect. In addition, the absence of

a culture of safety and control in using crew protection or firefighting equipment

and procedures, crew dependability, and crew weariness on board must be

prioritized due to the negative effects they have caused during emergencies.

In addition, as reported by Kamis (2020), the respondents' data successfully

demonstrated the effects of basic training and safety drills on the Knowledge,

Attitude, and Behavior (KAB) theory, revealing its significance in enhancing the

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KAB of seafarers. Therefore, expecting that the factors identified in this study will

be adopted in nautical colleges, given that the basic training syllabus includes

domains meant to educate seafarers on the correct attitudes.

The knowledge-attitude-behavior (KAB) paradigm suggests that health

knowledge and information are the basis for forming active and correct beliefs and

attitudes toward disease; such attitudes are the driving factors for influencing

patient behavior (Liu, 2016).

Hence, the objective of drills is to simulate how crews or individuals should

react during a vessel emergency (such as a fire, explosion, pirate attack, ship

sinking, ship grounding, or ship capsizing). Drills and training exercises are

synonyms, with the shipping sector being the most well-known for their use

(Dragomir & Simona, 2018). The purpose of this drill is to ensure the safety of the

ship, its crew, and its passengers. This study examined the legal basis and

strategic significance of actual maritime safety drills and training (De Miguel &

Diez, 2015).

At that point, the performance, safety, and competitiveness in maritime

transportation may be achieved by early crew training. A workforce with proper

training decreases transportation hazards and enhances service safety.

Consequently, exercises and training on ships are a vital part of the job process

for seafarers (Surugiu et al., 2010) noted by the Seafarers International Union

(Dragomir & Simona, 2018). Hence, a drill is a standardized, professionally

designed drill that trains the crew for emergency situations such as fire, adverse

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weather, flooding, accidents, ship groundings, injuries, man overboard, and

terrorist threats. Conducting drills and exercises onboard the vessel has numerous

advantages and benefits, such as shortening emergency response times,

improving decision-making under tension, and getting the crew to the ship's

safety equipment and course of action. Adopting the finest methods gained during

training exercises and drills can enhance crew performance (Barsan et al., 2011,

p.91), as mentioned by Dragomir and Simona (2018).

According to Pamplona (2016), the effective plan to assess crew

preparedness, reaction behaviors, and coping stress activities is to simulate real-

world conditions as closely as possible during training. Drill scenarios must be

thoroughly created, and the crew team must be appropriately trained. At that point,

being prepared is a significant skill to have at all times in order to identify the

hazards on the particular emergency.

In addition, a worthwhile and skill-building exercise must engage every

member of the crew, who must comprehend the rationale beyond the acts

conducted and be mindful of the risks accompanying them. Not only should drills

and warnings be a convention-mandated responsibility, but also an opportunity to

enhance the crew's abilities, knowledge, and the vessel's safety (Pamplona, 2016).

Local Studies

According to Fontalera et al. (2017), “Department Order 132 Series of 2013,

Guidelines on Maritime Occupational Safety and Health”, was issued by the

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Department of Labor and Employment and Health Center (Section 2.6). These

should be carried out in accordance with OSH policy and programs. Every shipping

company must develop emergency protocols, including ship evacuation protocols,

in compliance with the Emergency Drills outlined in relevant treaties and escape

ways, or chapter 8 regulation 3 of PMMRR and related International maritime

conventions.

Furthermore, the contents of the ship's emergency protocols must be

displayed in prominent locations accessible to all crew members. Then, every

seafarer must be taught and informed about emergency protocols as well as the

position, usage, and functioning of fire prevention and emergency equipment

supplied by the vessel possessor (Fontalera et al., 2017).

Fontalera et al. (2017) highlight that fires are preventable emergencies. By

analyzing current fire prevention, protection, and control measures on both

national and international levels, we can gain valuable insights to improve onboard

safety. Regular participation in safety drills, which raise awareness of fire causes,

plays a crucial role in keeping crew members safe.

Determine the efficacy of the safety measures on board based on the

research conducted by Akindehin (2015). The main objective was to assess the

effectiveness and extent of safety measures used on board boats, as well as to

identify the challenges faced by seafarers and the initiatives taken to increase

safety measures. Their research employed descriptive research methodology. The

results indicate that the safety measures implemented onboard ships are quite

efficient. At the point, to ensure crew safety, seafarers are required to comply with

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the rules as follows: Safety exercises, meetings, films, circulars, task awareness,

avoidance of hazardous behaviors, intervention with others, effective

communication, and continuous monitoring (Marine Insight, 2013; as cited by

Akindehin, 2015).

In addition, a crucial component of every shipping operation is safety

because there are people involved and significant monetary outlays. Most maritime

mishaps involve crashes and grounding in Batangas Bay. The oil spill events were

primarily caused by small manufacturers, freight vessels, or tankers (Javier &

Aguado, 2012; as cited by Akindehin, 2015).

Furthermore, as indicated by Susan (2012; as cited by Bolaños et al., 2016)

seafarers at the present time fitted prior going aboard and onboard a vessel.

Training exercises are available to provide firefighting, personal Safety, basic

safety training knowledge, enclosed space, rescue drills, abandon ship, crowd

control, and familiarization. Additionally, ship familiarization is a component of the

safety drills onboard to familiarize them with equipment used when an emergency

occurs. A group of knowledgeable instructors and resource people was assembled

in a thorough training program to equip the trainers. Workers on a ship should be

aware of the rules governing the crew's security and safety.

The “International Maritime Organization's (IMO) International Safety

Management (ISM) Code”, 1993 adoption, establishes a framework for ensuring

safety at sea. Its objectives encompass protecting human life, preventing injuries

and casualties, and minimizing environmental and ship damage. Akindehin (2015)

emphasizes that “personal safety, or Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), is the top

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priority, as no loss is considered greater than the loss of crew lives”. To achieve

these objectives, SOLAS mandates various safety drills, including those for

firefighting, abandoning ship, operating in enclosed spaces, and conducting

rescue operations. Implementing these drills is crucial for guaranteeing seafarers'

safety onboard vessels and enhancing their critical skills, such as situational

awareness and emergency preparedness.

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CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

This chapter discusses the study methods and procedures that have aided in

achieving this study's objectives. It contains various elements, notably the research

design, population, samples, sampling technique, research instrument used,

procedures for data gathering, and tools for statistical purposes, which are briefly

discussed in this chapter.

Research Design

The researchers used a descriptive-correlational research design for this

study to seek the relationship between the impact of conducting safety drills

onboard the ship and the emergency response and preparedness of Filipino

seafarers. The research subsequently found that participation in safety drills

enhanced Filipino seafarers' safety skills, which in turn assists them in responding

effectively during emergencies.

According to Business Research Methodology: Descriptive Research (n.d.),

Descriptive research seeks to illuminate current challenges or issues by gathering

data that allows researchers to provide a more detailed explanation of the

circumstances than would be possible without this approach. It stated that

descriptive studies would characterize a phenomenon's different features. Usually,

it refers to the characteristics or conducts of a representative group of individuals.

It is an efficient way to gather data to formulate hypotheses and propose

correlations. In addition to being a common data-gathering strategy for descriptive

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studies, surveys are also frequently utilized. Therefore, this approach enabled

researchers to interpret or explain the theoretical relevance of the data and to

create hypotheses for future studies.

The descriptive-correlational research approach is a non-experimental

research design used to evaluate the link between two (2) or more variables. Such

variables include anything measurable, including behaviors, attitudes, and ideas.

Thus, it was performed to determine the existence and strength of a connection

between two or more variables. This research has forecast future behavior or

determine the causes of specific actions (Hassan, n.d.). The researchers were able

to interpret the data of the main variables by the descriptive-correlational research

design approach because this study interpreted the impact of conducting safety

drills onboard to the enhancement of emergency response and preparedness of

Filipino seafarers.

Population, Sample Size, and Sampling Technique

The target respondents of this study were Filipino seafarers who

experienced safety drills onboard the ship. The total number of respondents in this

consisted of fifty (50) Filipino seafarers in at least three (3) shipping companies in

Ermita, Manila.

The researchers chose these respondents because these Filipino seafarers

experienced various safety drills onboard, such as firefighting, abandon ship, and

enclosed space and rescue drills. In addition, the researchers included in the

general respondents the alumni seafarers who are taking master's degrees and

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had experience onboard the vessel. The researchers assured that they are the

best representatives that contributed to this study.

This study employed a non-probability sampling method called snowball

sampling to recruit participants. As Zach (2020) describes, snowball sampling

involves initially recruiting a small group of participants and then asking them to

refer others who meet the study criteria.

In this study, the researchers identified the initial respondents and then

asked them if they knew other Filipino seafarers with onboard experience,

particularly those located along Kalaw Avenue, Ermita, Manila. They also inquired

about seafarers' connections to individuals who had participated in onboard safety

drills. This approach was chosen because the target population can sometimes be

difficult to access directly. Through snowball sampling, the researchers were able

to obtain data from qualified respondents who could provide valuable insights for

the study.

Research Instrument

To collect data, the researchers developed a survey questionnaire. This

researcher-made instrument was validated by maritime and research experts to

ensure its content validity. Additionally, the questionnaire's reliability was assessed

using Cronbach's Alpha (SPSS, 2019) by a certified statistician. The initial test

results indicated "good to excellent" internal consistency (α = .957), demonstrating

a strong correlation between the survey items. This high reliability was further

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supported by the subscales measuring specific emergency drills: Firefighting (α =

.850), Enclosed Space and Rescue (α = .871), and Abandon Ship (α = .890), all

exhibiting good internal consistency. Similar results were found for the third

research question. The instrument measuring preparedness in response to

emergencies after participating in frequent onboard safety drills also demonstrated

excellent internal consistency (α = .974). This high reliability was again evident in

the subscales: Firefighting (α = .924), Enclosed Space and Rescue (α = .934), and

Abandon Ship (α = .956). These findings suggest that all questionnaire items were

reliable and effectively captured the intended constructs. As Bobbit (2024)

notes, Cronbach's Alpha ranges from 0 to 1, with higher values indicating greater

reliability of a survey or questionnaire.

The set of questionnaires consisted of close-ended questions and was

divided into three (3) parts. The first section included questions designed to

establish the demographic profile of the respondents, while the second section

consisted of close-ended questions inquiring about the impact of safety drills on

the improvement of the respondents' emergency response and preparedness on

board regarding firefighting, enclosed space and rescue, and abandon ships. The

last section was composed of close-ended questions on the preparedness of

Filipino seafarers in response to emergencies after participating in frequent

onboard safety drills in terms of firefighting, enclosed space and rescue, and

abandon ships. Likewise, in the third statement of the problem, the consistencies

were evident in the tool measuring the preparedness in response to emergencies

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after participating in frequent onboard safety drills (α= .974). These were observed

in all subscales, specifically those measuring the: Firefighting (α= .924); Enclosed

Space and Rescue (α= .934); and Abandon Ship (α= .956). At that point, all the

items were reliable and resulted in excellent consistency. According to Bobbit

(2024), “Cronbach’s Alpha ranges between 0 and 1, with higher values indicating

that the survey or questionnaire is more reliable.”

Moreover, for the questions asked in the survey questionnaire, the following

Likert 5-point scales were applied. A Likert scale is a rating system utilized to

assess attitudes, actions, and view-in-response statements. Participants selected

the choice that aligns most closely with their feelings toward the statement or

question (Bhandari & Nikolopoulou, 2020).

Strongly Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly

Agree Disagree

5 Points 4 Points 3 Points 2 Points 1 Point

Data Gathering Procedure

To inform potential participants about the study's objectives and

procedures, the researchers prepared a letter that also included an informed

consent form to address privacy concerns. After finalizing the letter, it was sent to

the researcher's advisor for review.

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To ensure the survey instrument's validity, the researchers sought feedback

during their free time from a research advisor, a grammarian, and a maritime

professor with research expertise. Once the questionnaire received approval, it

was converted into a Google Form and the introductory letter was placed at the

beginning.

The researchers then visited at least three shipping companies on Kalaw

Avenue, Ermita, Manila, to recruit Filipino seafarers with onboard safety drill

experience.

The researchers also complied with the health and safety regulations on the

data gathering site. Then the researchers explained the study's objective and

respectfully asked first if they had spare time to take the survey. After they

completed the survey, the researchers stated that their responses were protected

because privacy is important.

Upon collecting all the data, the researchers compiled the necessary

documentation based on the survey responses and carefully tallied the data

retrieved from respondents. Subsequently, after the data was organized, the

researchers sent it to a professional statistician for statistical treatment. However,

the researchers also inquired about the Center for Research and Institutional

Development (CRID) office for statisticians for endorsement of their collected data.

The researchers went to Kalaw, Manila two times to complete the data

gathering. On the first visit, the researchers collected ten (10) initial responses from

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the respondents. Afterward, the result was submitted to the statistician for a

reliability test. Subsequently, upon computation of the reliability scores of the

instrument, the statistician informed the researchers that the result was good to

excellent reliability test. That was the signal to proceed to full data collection. Then,

on the second visit, the researchers successfully collected fifty respondents for

reliability results and statistical analysis results. Then the researchers evaluated

and interpreted the data following the study's results after receiving the tables from

the statistician.

Statistical Treatment Data

The researchers collected data through a Google Forms survey

questionnaire. The questionnaire employed a Likert scale, allowing respondents

to indicate their level of satisfaction with various safety drills. This method

successfully yielded fifty reliable responses from Filipino seafarers in Kalaw,

Ermita, Manila.

To analyze the respondents' profiles, the researchers used descriptive

statistics, including percentages and frequencies. This approach provided insights

into characteristics such as age, years of experience, ship's trade, and type of ship.

The researchers employed a weighted mean to assess the impact of safety

drills on Filipino seafarers' emergency response and preparedness onboard

vessels. This statistical method was also used to analyze preparedness and

response to emergencies in general. As Andale (2014, cited in Delfin, 2018)

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explains, a weighted mean is a type of average where specific data points have a

greater influence on the final result compared to others.

The researchers utilized the Pearson r correlation, and they determined the

relationship between the impact of conducting safety drills and the emergency

response and preparedness of Filipino seafarers. “The most frequent method for

assessing linear correlations is the Pearson correlation coefficient (r). A number

ranging from –1 and 1 measures the intensity and direction of the link between two

variables” (Turney, 2022).

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CHAPTER 4

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents the quantitative data collected for this study, including

a detailed analysis and interpretation of the results. The findings are organized

according to the research questions with descriptive statistics employed to

analyze, interpret, and further elaborate table results.

SOP 1 Demographic Profile of the Respondents

Table 4.1 Frequency Table of the Participants’ Age and Years of Experience

(N=50)

Profile Frequency Percentage

20-25 years old 7 14
26-30 years old 2 4
31-35 years old 7 14
36-40 years old 7 14
Age
41-45 years old 1 2
46-50 years old 11 22
51-59 years old 11 22
60 years old and up 4 8
1-5 years 9 18
6-10 years 10 20
11-15 years 13 26
Years of
16-20 years 9 18
Experience
21-25 years 5 10
26-30 years 3 6
31 years and up 1 2

The survey participants consisted of 50 Filipino seafarers (all male). The

age distribution was as follows: 46-50 years old (f = 11, 22%), 51-59 years old (f =

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11, 22%), 20-25 years old (f = 7, 14%), 31-35 years old (f = 7, 14%), and 36-40

years old (f = 7, 14%). Less frequent age groups included those aged 60 and above

(f = 4, 8%) and 26-30 years old (f = 2, 4%). Only one participant (f = 1, 2%) fell

within the 41-45 age range. The findings suggest that the most frequent age group

among Filipino seafarers encountered in Kalaw, Manila was 46-59 years old,

followed by the 31-40 age group.

According to Chibana (2023), in the Philippines, the occupation of ocean-

going Filipino seafarers has gained popularity due to their resourcefulness and

intelligence. The average age of seafarers is approximately twenty-five (25) years

old. Around the age of twenty (20) to twenty-two (22) years old they are considered

as cadets for onboard training. Then the distribution of seafarers' workforce reveals

that those in managerial positions are predominantly between the ages of thirty

(30) and fifty (50). On the other hand, operational-level seafarers are primarily in

their 30s, with a growing proportion in their 20s. At that point, those are a statistic

about the Filipino seafarer’s deployment around the world.

Moreover, these participants have worked for several years, mostly for

about 11-15 years (f= 13, 26%), 6-10 years (f= 10, 20%), 1-5 years (f= 9, 18%),

and 11-15 years (f= 9, 18%). Some have been in the service for 21-25 years (f= 5,

10%) and 26-30 years (f= 3, 6%). On the other hand, at least one (f= 1, 2%)

participant has been working for 31 years and up. In the data gathering place, while

the researchers were conducting the survey, sometimes, the respondents also told

their longevity on shipboard works. According to Fideli (2016), "As expected, senior

officers possessed the highest level of professional expertise, with an average of

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seventeen years of service. Junior officers, on the other hand, had an average of

fifteen years of experience, while ratings had an average of nine years of service

at seas." At that point, they are well-experienced and molded by long years of

service onboard the ship. As a result, they can accurately respond to the survey

questionnaire by their enhanced capabilities when participating in various safety

drills.

The researchers ensured that the participants recruited in Kalaw, Manila,

corresponded to the target population defined by the study's scope and limitations.

This included factors like age and years of Filipino seafaring experience.

Table 4.2 Frequency Table of the Ships’ Trade and Types of Ships of the

Participants (N=50)

Profile Frequency Percentage

Domestic 5 10
Ships’ Trade
International 45 90
Bulk Carrier 11 22
Chemical Tanker 2 4
Container Ship 12 24
Gas Carrier 2 4
Types of Ships
General Cargo 7 14
Off-shore 4 8
Oil Tanker 10 20
Ro-Ro Ship 2 4

Furthermore, most of the 50 participants (f= 45, 90%) are involved in

international trade, and only a few of the respondents (f= 5, 10%) are from

domestic trade. Additionally, many of them are working in vessels or ships, such

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as Container Ships (f= 12, 24%), Bulk Carriers (f= 11, 22%), Oil Tankers (f= 10,

20%), and General Cargos (f= 7, 14%). Some of them are Off-shore (f= 4, 8%);

and few are in Chemical Tankers (f= 2, 4%), Gas Carriers, (f= 2, 4%), and Ro-Ro

Ships (f= 2, 4%). Based on the response, the greatest number of seafarers are on

container ships, bulk carriers, and oil tankers. Based on the statistics by Statista

(2020), bulk carrier vessels were the most popular choice, employing over 56,000

Filipinos. Passenger ships followed closely with more than 31,000 Filipino

seafarers. Container ships and oil/product tankers also employed a significant

number, exceeding 20,000 Filipino seafarers each. And the general cargo is about

10,030. Other vessel types including offshore, is around 40,419 Filipino seafarers.

While this data highlights the crucial role Filipino seafarers play in global trade.

Every type of vessel has modifications on standard drills onboard because it varies

on safety procedures and company policy of their vessel.

Based on the option ships trade, seafarers working in international trade are

more dominant than domestic trade. Since 1987, the Philippines has been

recognized by the Philippine Overseas Employment Administration (POEA) as the

primary source of sea-based workers globally, earning the country the title of the

world's leading provider of maritime labor. At any given moment, approximately

229,000 Filipino seafarers are employed on merchant shipping vessels worldwide

(Filipino Seafarers, the Modern Foundation of the Maritime Industry, 2022). This

suggests that the percentage of Filipino seafarers in domestic shipping might be

lower compared to those working internationally.

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SOP 2 Respondents' experience on the impact of onboard safety drills on

the improvement of their emergency response and preparedness

Table 4.3 Participants’ Perception on the Impact of Onboard Safety Drills on the

Improvement of the Emergency Response and Preparedness in Terms of

Firefighting (N= 50)

Firefighting M SD Interpretation
1. Firefighting drills has expanded my Strongly
4.62 0.49
understanding of fire preventive measures. Agree
2. Participating in firefighting drills has guided me
Strongly
to better understand the significance of 4.66 0.48
Agree
teamwork during fire onboard.
3. I feel more confident in my skills and make the
Strongly
right decisions after attending the firefighting 4.66 0.56
Agree
drills.
4. I become competent in operational fixed
Strongly
firefighting equipment correctly after taking part 4.46 0.61
Agree
in drills.
5. The drills have equipped me with the skills
needed to proficiently communicate and Strongly
4.50 0.61
collaborate with fellow crew members in a fire Agree
emergency.
Strongly
Firefighting 4.58 0.43
Agree
Legend: 1.00-1.80= Strongly Disagree 1.81-2.60= Disagree
2.61-3.40= Neutral 3.41-4.20= Agree
4.21-5.00= Strongly Agree

The results of the descriptive analysis show that the participants strongly

agree on the impact of onboard safety drills on the improvement of emergency

response and preparedness in terms of firefighting (M= 4.58, SD= 0.43). They

strongly agree that the firefighting drills have expanded the participants'

understanding of fire preventive measures (M= 4.62, SD= 0.49), and that

participating in firefighting drills has guided them to better understand the

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significance of teamwork during fire onboard (M= 4.66, SD= 0.48), and they feel

more confident in their skills and make the right decisions after attending the

firefighting drills (M= 4.66, SD= 0.56).

To add, they strongly agree that they become competent in operational fixed

firefighting equipment correctly after taking part in drills (M= 4.46, SD= 0.61) and

that the drills have equipped them with the skills needed to proficiently

communicate and collaborate with fellow crew members in a fire emergency (M=

4.50, SD= 0.43).

The respondents strongly believe that the safety drills they go through on

the ship are absolutely helpful in getting them ready to fight fires. These drills have

taught them a lot about preventing fires from happening in the first place. At that

point, they have learned how to identify things that could cause a fire and how to

stop that from occurring. But even more importantly, the drills have shown them

just how significant it is for everyone to work together as a team if a fire does break

out. During an emergency like that, having the whole crew coordinated and

communicating well can make all the difference in bringing the situation under

control quickly and safely. " A significant proportion of the respondents hold the

belief that conducting training exercises primarily focused on fire drills fosters a

sense of camaraderie and enhances communication, cooperation, and

collaboration among the crew members." (Emma & Dafni, 2021). The subject of

their study is the crew members' fire safety training onboard the vessel.

Generally, throughout a firefighting drill, the crew is separated into smaller

fire teams, with each team being entrusted with various duties in accordance with

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the selected scenario. Effective execution of these responsibilities requires that the

personnel collaborate and communicate with one another. As a result, the crew

becomes more acquainted with one another during a fire exercise, and

collaborating towards a common objective promotes team cohesion and

communication skills. Dafni and Emma (2021, page 64) stated, "Regarding social

skills, it is important to focus on communication, teamwork, and leadership.

Notably, there have been interesting discoveries about how these abilities can be

improved throughout drills for fires. Additionally, there is a connection between

these skills and their influence on training for fire safety". Thus, Filipino seafarers

strongly agree that the drills have equipped them with the skills needed to

proficiently communicate and collaborate with fellow crew members in a fire

emergency.

Participating in realistic firefighting drills empowers crew members with

greater confidence in their ability to make sound decisions and take appropriate

actions during an actual onboard fire. These drills alleviate worries about panic

and low self-esteem by preparing both minds and muscle memory. The ability to

handle and practice with firefighting equipment during drills significantly improves

the crew's proficiency in its proper use. Additionally, communication skills are

sharpened as crew members learn to clearly relay information and instructions

during emergencies. The findings of Tac et al. (2020), conducting drills and training

sessions that simulate real-life situations allows them to familiarize themselves

with firefighting apparatus which would be utilized during a real-life crisis.

Additionally, it provides them with a chance to train on making

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appropriate decisions and responding to challenging and actual emergencies, as

highlighted by Dragomir and Simona (2016).

Therefore, the crew truly values the firefighting drill and obtained numerous

essential skills from it. Respondents also believe that the preparation has made

them a professional firefighting team capable of responding seamlessly if duty calls

them onboard the ship. Hence, the drills have given everyone onboard the critical

knowledge and confidence to respond effectively in the terrifying situation of a

shipboard fire.

Table 4.4 Participants’ Perception on the Impact of Onboard Safety Drills on the

Improvement of the Emergency Response and Preparedness in Terms of

Enclosed Space and Rescue (N= 50)

Enclosed Space and Rescue M SD Interpretation

1. I feel confident in using (e.g., portable gas
Strongly
detector, multi-gas detector, SCBA etc.) 4.46 0.61
Agree
correctly after participating in these drills.
2. The drills have sufficiently equipped me to carry Strongly
4.50 0.58
out rescue operations with safety and efficiency. Agree
3. The enclosed space and rescue drills have
developed my situational awareness regarding Strongly
4.36 0.63
the potential dangers and risks associated with Agree
confined spaces on board.
4. The drills have expanded my knowledge of the
Strongly
different gases on confined space and the 4.52 0.65
Agree
appropriate safety protocol for each.
5. The drills have equipped me with the necessary
skills to proficiently communicate and integrated Strongly
4.48 0.61
with the rescue team outside the enclosed space Agree
in case of a trapped person.
Strongly
Enclosed Space and Rescue 4.46 0.49
Agree
Legend: 1.00-1.80= Strongly Disagree 1.81-2.60= Disagree
2.61-3.40= Neutral 3.41-4.20= Agree
4.21-5.00= Strongly Agree

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Likewise, results have shown that the participants strongly agree on the

impact of onboard safety drills on the improvement of emergency response and

preparedness in terms of enclosed space and rescue (M= 4.46, SD= 0.49). They

stated that they strongly agree that they feel confident in using a portable gas

detector, multi-gas detector, or self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA)

correctly after participating in these drills (M= 4.46, SD= 0.61); the drills have

sufficiently equipped them to carry out rescue operations with safety and efficiency

(M= 4.50, SD= 0.58); the enclosed space and rescue drills have developed their

situational awareness regarding the potential dangers and risks on board (M=

4.36, SD= 0.63); the drills have expanded their knowledge of the different gases

on confined space and the appropriate safety protocol for each (M= 4.52, SD=

0.65); and, the drills have equipped me with the necessary skills to proficiently

communicate and integrated with the rescue team outside the enclosed space in

case of a trapped person (M= 4.48, SD= 0.61).

Most respondents strongly agree with the positive effect of enclosed space

and rescue drills. This means that they absorb all the essential aspects of learning

after drills to avoid fatalities inside the confines of the ship. It is an unfortunately

common subject for enclosed space fatalities that also the first rescuer loses their

life, not because of safety equipment failure but rather the neglect to identify an

enclosed space. However, most respondents strongly believe the drills have

expanded their knowledge, especially when engaging with different gases in

confined spaces. These drills have taught them plenty of lessons about the proper

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procedure of rescuing in enclosed spaces when there is an emergency onboard a

ship.

Therefore, in an emergency, Filipino seafarers must learn the dangers and

how to act or rescue safely in enclosed space areas. Reports from the National

Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), around sixty percent of

deaths that take place in enclose spaces are of the people who are trying to rescue

others. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) additionally

stated that in cases where several fatalities happen throughout a rescue operation,

most of the victims are individuals who were attempting to rescue others (Koester,

2018). That is why the respondents train on drills to be rigorously prepared and

cultivate their situational awareness, especially of types of gases in confined

spaces, such as methane, fumes, hydrogen sulphide, and other hazardous gases.

Consequently, when neglected, it can harm their health and result in

unconsciousness.

According to Uski (2021), the exercises should be organized this way with

preparation and purpose. Clearly defining the objectives for the crew members is

essential, and achieving maximum effectiveness requires the implementation of

an assertive scenario. Then, the exercise coordinator is required to seek

assistance from another officer if they are unable to conduct exercises featuring

scenarios that accurately represent the dangers and risks associated with entering

an enclosed space and rescuing an unconscious individual. At that point, smooth

coordination and collaboration between the rescuer and the outside rescue

personnel are emphasized during the drill. This integration ensures a cohesive

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effort, where the rescuer's actions within the enclosed space complement.

Moreover, it aligns with the rescue team's strategies and protocols, ultimately

enhancing the chances of a successful rescue operation. Hence, most Filipino

seafarers strongly agree that they equipped them with the necessary skills to

proficiently communicate and integrate with the rescue team, which was developed

on drills.

However, practical exercises should be incorporated into the enclosed

space entry and rescue drills to familiarize participants with the functionality of

emergency apparatus required for rescuing an individual from such a space and

the competencies required to administer medical treatment to said individual.

Safety drills need not be quickly executed, and failing to debrief after an enclosed

space entry and rescue exercise correctly renders the exercise ineffective. That is

why some Filipino seafarers agree and do not strongly agree; sometimes, they are

unsatisfied with how it is delivered.

In conclusion, enclosed space entry and rescue drills are most effective

when they are well-planned, have clearly defined objectives, and utilize realistic

scenarios. Drills should focus on the practical skills needed for rescue, including

emergency equipment and medical care for the rescued person. Time should be

allowed for a proper debriefing to ensure everyone learns from the experience.

Table 4.5 Participants’ Perception on the Impact of Onboard Safety Drills on the

Improvement of the Emergency Response and Preparedness in Terms of

Abandon Ship (N= 50)

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Abandon Ship M SD Interpretation

1. The abandon-ship drills have expanded my
Strongly
knowledge regarding the proper procedures for 4.56 0.61
Agree
safely evacuating the vessel.
2. It has enhanced my knowledge regarding the
significance of following the approved muster list Strongly
4.46 0.65
and embarkation procedures (going to muster Agree
station).
3. The drill has sufficiently prepared me to board Strongly
4.66 0.59
and operate various type of lifeboats safely. Agree
4. It made me aware of the potential dangers and
Strongly
hazards associated with abandoning a vessel at 4.54 0.65
Agree
sea (e.g., debris on sea, getting stuck, etc.).
5. It trained me to effectively communicate and
Strongly
cooperate diligently with my crew members 4.56 0.64
Agree
when an abandon-ship declare.
Strongly
Abandon Ship 4.56 0.53
Agree
Legend: 1.00-1.80= Strongly Disagree 1.81-2.60= Disagree
2.61-3.40= Neutral 3.41-4.20= Agree
4.21-5.00= Strongly Agree

Furthermore, results also revealed that the participants strongly agree on

the impact of onboard safety drills on the improvement of the emergency response

and preparedness in terms of abandon ship (M= 4.56, SD= 0.53). Participants

have strongly agreed that the abandon-ship drills have expanded their knowledge

regarding the proper procedures for safely evacuating the vessel (M= 4.56, SD=

0.61), that it enhanced their knowledge regarding the significance of following the

approved muster list and embarkation procedures (M= 4.46, SD= 0.65), that the

drill has sufficiently prepared them to board and operate various type of lifeboats

safely (M= 4.66, SD= 0.59), that it made them aware of the potential dangers and

hazards associated with abandoning a vessel at sea (M= 4.54, SD= 0.65), and, it

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trained them to effectively communicate and cooperate diligently with my crew

members when an abandon-ship declare (M= 4.56, SD= 0.64).

Based on the result, the respondents strongly agree with the abandon ship

drill because, in their experience, this drill was very effective for their emergency

response. At that point, it saved many lives because the respondents were trained

to handle the situation during critical situations. Pamplona (n.d.) states that this

type of drill was frequently carried out, and every crew member was well-informed

regarding their responsibilities and the proper protocols for launching a lifeboat.

However, the operation of this lifesaving device, while lowered, revealed an

issue that could place the crew members in dangerous circumstances during an

emergency. Thus, the respondents gained fundamental knowledge of mustering

and became acquainted with the proper procedure for boarding the lifeboat. At that

point, drills recall in their minds the use of personal lifesaving appliances in case

of emergency. Hence, the respondents' safety skills help them evacuate safely and

help other crew members when their lives are on the line.

At that point, these drills aim to familiarize crew members with the

proper procedures to be followed during a command to leave the vessel and the

designated muster stations at which they should gather (Abandon Ship Protocols,

2024). Therefore, these drills are designed to enhance the level of preparedness

and assure instantaneous and appropriate actions when a critical situation arises.

Moreover, Filipino seafarers gain effective communication and collaboration

skills with other crew members. In view of the fact that communication is the key

to executing efficient evacuation while prioritizing safety, the respondents

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developed proper communication and teamwork with their crew mates in this drill.

At that point, the drill is essential because it enhances the respondents'

communication skills and getting familiar with each other. Subsequently, the

crewmembers have different nationalities onboard the ship. Thus, Filipino

seafarers use the international language English, which is developed more during

drills. Therefore, the respondents strongly agreed because this drill effectively

improves situational awareness and other emergency skills.

SOP 3 Respondents' experience on how prepared the Filipino seafarers with

regards in response to emergencies after participating in frequent onboard

safety drills

Table 4.6 Participants’ Preparedness in Response to Emergencies after

Participating in Frequent Onboard Safety Drills in terms of Firefighting (N= 50)

Firefighting M SD Interpretation
1. During a fire emergency on board, I have been
Strongly
able to apply the firefighting techniques 4.48 0.54
Agree
effectively learned from the firefighting drills.
2. I have been able to maintain calmness and make
Strongly
the appropriate decisions during actual fire 4.40 0.67
Agree
emergencies.
3. I have been able to coordinate and work
Strongly
effectively as part of a team during actual fire 4.54 0.54
Agree
emergencies, as practiced during the drills.
4. The firefighting drills have enabled me to follow
Strongly
proper survival techniques and locate fire exit 4.48 0.58
Agree
safely.
5. The overall impact of the frequent firefighting
drills has significantly improved my ability to Strongly
4.62 0.53
respond effectively during actual fire Agree
emergencies on board.
Strongly
Firefighting 4.50 0.42
Agree

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Legend: 1.00-1.80= Strongly Disagree 1.81-2.60= Disagree

2.61-3.40= Neutral 3.41-4.20= Agree
4.21-5.00= Strongly Agree

This study also examined the level of preparedness in response to

emergencies after participating in frequent onboard safety drills in terms of

firefighting and the results reveal that the participants strongly agreed (M= 4.50,

SD= 0.42). They strongly agreed that they have been able to: apply the firefighting

techniques effectively learned from the firefighting drills (M= 4.48, SD= 0.54);

maintain calmness, and make the appropriate decisions during actual fire

emergencies (M= 4.40, SD= 0.67); coordinate and work effectively as part of a

team during actual fire emergencies, as practiced during the drills (M= 4.54,

SD=0.54); follow proper survival techniques and locate fire exit safely (M= 4.48,

SD= 0.58); and, respond effectively during actual fire emergencies onboard (M=

4.62, SD= 0.53).

The result examined how often safety drills impact respondents' perceptions

of readiness for onboard fire emergencies. The outcomes suggest that drills

significantly affected the respondent's application safety skills during emergencies.

After taking part in these drills, respondents expressed vital preparation in several

essential areas (ranging from "agree" to "strongly agree"). Then Filipino seafarers

felt comfortable applying the firefighting skills they had acquired in the drills,

remaining composed under pressure, cooperating well as a team, locating

escapes, and handling a fire emergency efficiently. However, the procedure and

frequency of the drills differ depending on the company and vessel. Despite that,

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regular safety drills significantly increase crewmembers' confidence in managing

a fire onboard the ship.

However, it would be even more beneficial to determine whether these

techniques are applicable in real-life scenarios; this provides compelling evidence

in favor of prioritizing routine drills for the time being. According to Maib (2016),

The analysis suggested that the organization should offer more targeted onboard

firefighting drills or exercises to enhance the collaboration of management and

command and increase awareness of risks related to vessel design along with

dangers.

Moreover, the respondents participated in regular firefighting drills while on

board the ship, receiving comprehensive training on various firefighting techniques

and procedures. The officers manage these drills to equip them with the necessary

skills and knowledge to respond effectively in a fire emergency on board. Emma

and Dafni (2021) found that their participants recommended that the Master and

officers on board should possess advanced theoretical skills. This is because their

responsibilities frequently involve developing and implementing processes and

procedures that must adhere to the applicable regulations. Subsequently, when an

actual or given scenario about a fire incident occurred, the respondents found

themselves in a critical situation where they had to put the firefighting training into

practice. As a result, Filipino seafarers strongly agreed that the firefighting

techniques they learned during those drills proved highly effective and significant

in combating the fire emergency.

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Furthermore, by utilizing drills, the crewmembers could recall and apply the

proper firefighting techniques confidently and precisely. The drills produced

essential skills, such as operating firefighting equipment, implementing fire

containment strategies, and sticking to safety protocols, enabling them to respond

safely and efficiently to emergencies. Thus, the practical experience gained during

the drills played a crucial role in the respondents' ability to remain calm and

focused under pressure, allowing them to effectively coordinate with their fellow

crew members and execute the necessary firefighting procedures. The hands-on

training during drills provided them with the muscle memory and situational

awareness required to tackle the fire emergency effectively.

Table 4.7 Participants’ Preparedness in Response to Emergencies after

Participating in Frequent Onboard Safety Drills in terms of Enclosed Space and

Rescue (N= 50)

Enclosed Space and Rescue M SD Interpretation

1. I have developed confidence in my knowledge
that obtained on drills to identify and recognize Strongly
4.52 0.61
the potential hazards confined spaces onboard Agree
ship.
2. Frequent enclosed space and rescue drills have
equipped myself with the proper knowledge and Strongly
4.38 0.64
skills to safely enter and navigate in confined Agree
spaces.
3. This drill has reminded me the significance of the
following equipment portable gas detector, multi- Strongly
4.50 0.61
gas detector, and SCBA when working in Agree
confined spaces.
4. Frequent enclose space and rescue drills have
sufficiently prepared me to respond effectively in Strongly
4.46 0.71
case of an emergency involving confined spaces Agree
on board.

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5. Participating in regular enclosed space and

rescue drills has significantly enhanced my
Strongly
overall preparedness to manage emergencies 4.52 0.65
Agree
and problems that occur in confined areas on
board.
Strongly
Enclosed Space and Rescue 4.48 0.55
Agree
Legend: 1.00-1.80= Strongly Disagree 1.81-2.60= Disagree
2.61-3.40= Neutral 3.41-4.20= Agree
4.21-5.00= Strongly Agree

In addition, the results of this research show that the participants strongly

agree on the level of response and preparedness to emergencies after

participating in frequent onboard safety drills in terms of enclosed space and

rescue (M= 4.48, SD= 0.55). They strongly agreed that they have developed

confidence in their knowledge obtained on drills to identify and recognize the

potential hazards of confined spaces onboard ship (M= 4.52, SD= 0.61), and that

the drills have equipped them with the proper knowledge and skills to safely enter

and navigate in confined spaces (M= 4.38, SD= 0.64), and that it has reminded

them of the significance of the equipment like portable gas detector, multi-gas

detector, and SCBA when working in confined spaces (M= 4.50, SD= 0.61).

They also strongly agreed that the drills have sufficiently prepared me to

respond effectively in case of an emergency involving confined spaces on board

(M= 4.46, SD= 0.71) and drills have significantly enhanced their overall

preparedness to manage emergencies and problems that occur in confined areas

on board (M= 4.52, SD= 0.65).

The results from respondents reported feeling highly prepared and

confident after participating in frequent enclosed space and rescue drills. This

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suggests that the drills effectively communicated the procedures, hazards, and

skills needed for confined space emergencies. This indicates that seafarers

become prepared and confident after participating in frequent drills in enclosed

spaces. Then, the enclosed space and rescue drill is likely to give enough idea to

seafarers identifying potential hazards in confined spaces onboard ships,

especially when someone gets trapped or becomes unconscious inside the tanks.

The high mean score proposes that participants felt conviction in recognizing these

dangers.

Thus, drills give them actual scenarios when someone needs to be rescued

inside the tanks. To enhance the authenticity of the drill, they select a victim,

particularly a dummy, who is very likely to be present in the specific confined area.

In this particular instance, the individual in question is the Chief Officer. This

enhances the scenario's reality and evaluates the emergency team's reaction

since the Chief mate, who is typically in command at the scene, may require

someone to act as a deputy. It is important to include the assignment of essential

individuals as deputies on the muster list (Southham, 2020).

Therefore, the respondents absolutely improved their knowledge of present

hazards in enclosed spaces. They became acquainted with entering and

navigating in enclosed spaces such as cargo tanks, ballast tanks, cofferdams, etc.

At that point, the drills involved practicing safe entry procedures and maneuvering

within confined spaces. The results indicate that participants felt equipped to

handle these tasks.

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Afterward, the drills likely emphasized the importance of using equipment

like gas detectors and breathing apparatus (SCBA) in confined spaces. The high

score suggests that participants understood this equipment's critical role in safety.

Hence, drills will likely be very effective in impacting assigned rescuers' emergency

response. According to Southham (2020), the comprehensive enclosed space and

rescue drill will enable to consolidate the numerous procedures previously

practiced, including the utilization of SCBA, rescue methods, device assessment,

emergency strategy verification, and emergency medical treatment.

Moreover, regarding the descriptive question "feeling confident in

responding to confined space emergencies after the drill," this question measured

how well the participants felt the drills had trained them on emergency protocols

and procedures. As such, the drills likely touched on a broad aspect of confined

space emergencies and solutions. Thus, the high score may suggest that many

participants thought they were well equipped to handle most confined space

problems and rescue on board the ship.

Table 4.8 Participants’ Preparedness in Response to Emergencies after

Participating in Frequent Onboard Safety Drills in Terms of Abandon Ship (N= 50)

Abandon Ship M SD Interpretation

1. Frequent drills have equipped me with the proper
knowledge and skills to effectively use lifesaving Strongly
4.60 0.64
appliances, such as life jackets and immersion Agree
suits in the preparation of abandoning the ship.
2. I understand the importance of following
Strongly
established embarkation procedures and 4.58 0.61
Agree
boarding survival craft in an orderly manner.

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3. I understood the need to remain vigilant and

Strongly
followed the emergency leadership team's 4.52 0.61
Agree
instructions during frequent abandon ship drills.
4. The drills have equipped me with the necessary
safety skills to handle an actual emergency Strongly
4.52 0.61
circumstance of abandoning the ship while Agree
onboard the ship.
5. The frequent abandon ship drills have increased
Strongly
my overall preparedness to handle situations 4.54 0.61
Agree
requiring abandoning the vessel.
Strongly
Abandon Ship 4.55 0.54
Agree
Legend: 1.00-1.80= Strongly Disagree 1.81-2.60= Disagree
2.61-3.40= Neutral 3.41-4.20= Agree
4.21-5.00= Strongly Agree

Moreover, the results revealed that the participants strongly agreed on the

level of response and preparedness for emergencies after participating in frequent

onboard safety drills in terms of abandon ships (M= 4.55, SD= 0.54). The

respondents strongly agreed that the drills have equipped them with the proper

knowledge and skills to effectively use lifesaving appliances, such as life jackets

and immersion suits in preparation of abandoning the ship (M= 4.60, SD= 0.64),

that the participants understand the importance of following established

embarkation procedures and boarding survival craft in an orderly manner (M =

4.58, SD= 0.61), and that they understood the need to remain vigilant and followed

the emergency leadership team's instructions during frequent abandon ship drills

(M= 4.52, SD= 0.61).

Moreover, they strongly agreed that the drills have equipped them with the

necessary safety skills to handle an actual emergency circumstance of abandoning

the ship while onboard the ship (M= 4.52, SD= 0.61) and have increased their

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overall preparedness to handle situations requiring abandoning the vessel (M=

4.54, SD= 0.61).

Most respondents strongly agree with frequent drills' impact on their

emergency response and preparedness. Frequent and regular abandon ship drills

are the most effective strategy for ensuring that mariners are well-acquainted with

the working and operation of the lifesaving appliances (LSA) located aboard their

vessels. The drills enhance their capacity to manage and deal with complicated

situations and offer a chance to confirm the functionality of LSA and the presence,

proper functioning, and preparedness of all necessary equipment. (Abandon ship

drill anytime soon, 2022).

Furthermore, the findings indicated that the participants agreed regarding

their increased readiness and responsiveness to emergencies after engaging in

regular onboard safety exercises, emphasizing abandon-ship procedures. The

participants expressed high satisfaction that the drills provided them with the

essential knowledge and abilities required to utilize life-saving equipment (e.g.,

immersion suits and life jackets) in preparation for the ship's abandonment. This

practical instruction fosters self-assurance in their capacity to effectively operate

these critical safety apparatuses in emergencies.

In addition, the participants showed an in-depth awareness of the

significance of sticking to established protocols during embarkation and boarding

survival craft in an organized manner, such as recognizing mustering. It was

understood that compliance with these procedures is crucial to guaranteeing a

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secure and effective evacuation procedure, thereby reducing the possibility of

injuries and fatalities.

It is worth mentioning that a significant majority of the respondents

expressed complete agreement regarding their comprehension of the imperative

nature of maintaining vigilance and adhering to the directives of the emergency

leadership team throughout regular abandon ship exercises. This emphasizes

their awareness of its importance and is attributed to proficient communication and

adherence to the proper emergency procedures, wherein quick, efficient decision-

making and coordinated operations are essential.

Subsequently, all participants were in total agreement that the frequent

safety drills had provided them with the knowledge and abilities required to

evacuate the ship while on board in the event of an emergency. In stressful

circumstances, this practical training strengthens crew members' theoretical

understanding and cultivates muscle memory and instinctive responses, which are

of the utmost significance.

In simple terms, the participants agreed that frequent abandon ship drills

have significantly improved their preparedness for handling circumstances

requiring vessel abandonment. Thus, an increased level of readiness can enhance

the capability and adaptability of the crew members, enabling them to respond

more effectively to any emergencies that may result in abandoning the ship while

prioritizing the safety of lives at sea.

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SOP 4 Is there a significant relationship between the impact of conducting

safety drills and the emergency response and preparedness of Filipino

seafarers?

Using SPSS version 26 (IBM, 2019), the researchers computed for Pearson

Correlation Statistical Analysis to examine the significant relationship between the

impact of conducting safety drills and the emergency response and preparedness

of Filipino seafarers.

Table 4.9 Pearson Correlation (r) Analysis of the Relationship between the Impact

of Conducting Safety Drills and the Emergency Response and Preparedness of

Filipino Seafarers (N= 50)

Impact of Conducting Safety Drills

Enclosed
Preparedness in Firefighting Space and Abandon Ship
Response to Emergencies Rescue
0.457** .434** .421**
Firefighting
(p= .001) (p= .002) (p= .002)

Enclosed Space and 0.570** .792** .806**

Rescue (p= .000) (p= .000) (p= .000)

.478** .707** .804**

Abandon Ship
(p= .000) (p= .000) (p= .000)
** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

The results in Table 4.9 indicate that there are significant associations at

0.05 p-value, such as the impacts of conducting safety drills in terms of firefighting

are significantly and positively correlated to the level of preparedness and

response to emergencies in areas of: firefighting (r= .457, p= <.01), enclosed

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space and rescue (r= .570, p= <.01), and abandon ship (r= .478, p= <.01). These

suggest that the skills acquired from the training related to safety drills can predict

the level of preparedness and response they have about various areas like

firefighting, enclosed space and rescue, and abandon ship.

Similarly, the results reveal that the skills acquired in the impacts of

conducting safety drills about enclosed space and rescue are significantly and

positively correlated to the level of preparedness and response to emergencies in

areas of: firefighting (r= .434, p= <.01), enclosed space and rescue (r= .792, p=

<.01), and abandon ship (r= .707, p= <.01), which indicate that the skills acquired

from the training related to enclosed space and rescue safety drills can predict the

level of preparedness and response they have about various areas like firefighting,

enclosed space and rescue, and abandon ship.

Lastly, the statistical results also show that the skills acquired in the impacts

of conducting safety drills about abandon ship are significantly and positively

correlated to the level of preparedness and response to emergencies in areas of:

firefighting (r= .421, p= <.01), enclosed space and rescue (r= .806, p= <.01), and

abandon ship (r= .804, p= <.01). These mean that as their skills acquired from

safety drills, their preparedness to emergencies such as firefighting, enclosed

space and rescue, and abandon ship may also increase.

The tabulation results show strong positive correlations, which means that

as the respondent's safety drill skills improved, so did their ability to be ready for

and handle different emergencies. It has strong positive correlations across

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several descriptive questions, showing a clear connection between the skills

learned in safety drills and the respondent's preparedness for and ability to handle

different emergencies. In particular, the skills crew members learned in firefighting

drills were strongly and positively linked to how ready they were and how quickly

they could respond in firefighting, rescue in confined spaces, and abandon ship

emergencies.

Moreover, this tabulation shows how firefighting drills prepare Filipino

seafarers in multiple ways. They improve their ability to fight fires and teach them

essential safety skills that they can use in other emergency scenarios, especially

using different types of firefighting equipment safely and effectively to put out fires.

Teamwork, communication, and making efficient decisions under pressure are just

some valuable skills and experiences that respondents learn from these drills.

In addition, the skills learned in enclosed space, rescue, and abandon ship

drills enormously improved the participants' ability to be ready for and respond to

all three types of emergencies. These results also show how the training and

familiarization that come with different safety drills are linked. This shows how

important it is to teach seafarers safety in a comprehensive and

integrated approach.

In particular, the skills that participants learned in firefighting, limited space

and rescue, and abandon ship drills were strongly linked to how ready and able

they were to respond in all three emergencies. Wanga (2024) states, "Regular

onboard safety drills are integral to every vessel's safe performance. Safety

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training helps crews be more prepared, work together better, and learn useful skills

they can use in emergencies." This means that the thorough training these drills

provide improves the seafarers' skills in their specific areas and makes them better

prepared to handle various emergencies.

Furthermore, the null hypothesis is concluded to be untrue. Conducting

drills onboard vessels significantly improves safety skills, specifically

preparedness and emergency response. Because of that, the independent

variable greatly affected the dependent variable, and the results are directly

significant. Hence, the rejection of the null hypothesis provides strong evidence

that conducting drills has a significant positive impact on enhancing the emergency

response and preparedness of Filipino seafarers.

The correlation emphasizes the importance of implementing

comprehensive and multifaceted safety drills, as they equip seafarers with the

necessary knowledge, safety skills, and confidence to respond effectively in

emergencies, ultimately enhancing maritime safety and crisis management

capabilities. Therefore, conducting safety drills and improving their safety skills

have a strong relationship, precisely Filipino seafarers' emergency response and

preparedness towards critical situations.

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CHAPTER 5
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter comprehensively summarizes the significant findings and

conclusions drawn from the research study. It offers recommendations based on

the study's outcomes, suggesting practical applications, directions for future

research, and potential strategies to address any limitations or challenges

encountered during the research process.

Summary Findings

The collected data in the whole study answers the following questions, and

based on the analysis and interpretation of data, the following findings are hereby

summarized:

1. What is the profile of the Filipino seafarers in terms of:

1.1 Primarily, the study involved 50 male participants, with the majority

falling into two age groups: 46-50 years old and 51-59 years old. Other

age groups represented were 20-25 years old, 31-35 years old, and

36-40 years old. There were fewer participants aged 60 years and

above and 26-30 years old. Then, the least represented age group was

41-45, with only one participant.

1.2 Next, regarding the gender distribution of the 50 responders, the vast

majority were male seafarers.

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1.3 In addition, the respondents in the study had varying lengths of work

experience. The majority had been working for 11-15 years, with 13

participants falling into this category. Another significant portion had 6-

10 years of experience, with 10 participants. There were also two

groups of equal size, with 9 participants each, representing those who

had worked for 1-5 years and those who had worked for 16-20 years.

Additionally, some participants had more extensive work experience

onboard the ship, with 5 participants having worked for 21-25 years

and 3 participants having worked for 26-30 years. Additionally, there

was at least one participant who had an exceptionally long tenure,

having worked for 31 years or more.

1.4 Furthermore, the results indicate that the majority of Filipino seafarers

(45 out of 50 participants) are involved in international trade.

Conversely, only a small number (5 out of 50) are engaged in domestic

trade.

1.5 The analysis of Filipino seafarer distribution across vessel types

reveals a diverse representation. The majority (12 out of 50

participants) work on container ships. Bulk carriers, oil tankers, and

general cargo vessels also employ a significant number of participants.

Offshore operations involve a smaller proportion of seafarers. The

remaining participants are scattered across chemical tankers, gas

carriers, and Ro-Ro ships. This distribution highlights a concentration

in the container, bulk, and tanker sectors of the shipping industry.

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2. What is the impact of onboard safety drills on the improvement of the

emergency response and preparedness of Filipino seafarers in terms of:

2.1 Primarily, most participants strongly agree that firefighting drills

enhance emergency response and preparedness. The drills have

notably expanded their understanding of fire preventive measures and

instilled a better appreciation for teamwork importance during onboard

fire emergencies. Participants reported feeling more confident in their

skills and ability to make the right decisions after attending these drills.

The firefighting drills have effectively equipped crew members with the

competence to operate fixed firefighting equipment correctly and the

necessary skills to communicate and collaborate efficiently with fellow

crew members during a fire emergency. The results emphasize

firefighting drills' crucial role in enhancing Filipino seafarers'

preparedness, knowledge, confidence, and competence.

2.2 The findings reveal that Filipino seafarers strongly indicate the

effectiveness of enclosed space and rescue drills in enhancing their

emergency response capabilities and preparedness. During

emergencies, these drills significantly boost their confidence in

operating critical equipment such as portable gas detectors, multi-gas

detectors, and self-contained breathing apparatus. The research

emphasize that the drills effectively equip crew members with the

requisite skills and knowledge to conduct rescue operations safely and

efficiently. Additionally, the drills sharpen crew members' situational

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awareness of potential onboard hazards, broaden their understanding

of various gases in confined spaces, and reinforce appropriate safety

protocols. Moreover, the drills cultivate essential communication and

coordination skills, enabling crew members to seamlessly collaborate

with external rescue teams in scenarios involving trapped personnel in

enclosed spaces. It shows the valuable role of these drills in developing

a strengthened sense of safety awareness and promoting effective

communication and teamwork in confined spaces.

2.3 Furthermore, abandon ship drills improved respondents' emergency

response and preparedness. Then, Filipino seafarers strongly agreed

that the abandon-ship drills had expanded their knowledge regarding

the proper procedures for safely evacuating the vessel. It also

enhanced their knowledge of the significance of following the approved

muster list and embarkation procedures and sufficiently prepared them

to safely board and operate various lifeboats. Additionally, it made

them aware of the potential dangers and hazards associated with

abandoning a vessel at sea. It also trained them to effectively

communicate and cooperate diligently with crew members when an

abandon-ship situation is declared. Hence, abandon ship drills

enhance Filipino seafarers' competence, knowledge, and readiness to

respond effectively to various emergency scenarios requiring

evacuating the ship at sea.

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3. How prepared the Filipino seafarers with regards in response to

emergencies after participating in frequent onboard safety drills in terms of:

3.1 The findings demonstrate that Filipino seafarers who frequently

participate in onboard firefighting drills exhibit a high level of

preparedness for fire emergencies. They effectively apply learned

firefighting techniques, maintain composure, and make good decisions

during fires. The research reveals that these drills significantly enhance

their ability to coordinate and function cohesively as a team, adhere to

proper survival techniques, safely locate fire exits, and respond

efficiently to onboard fire emergencies. Hence, it indicates that regular

participation in firefighting drills markedly improves seafarers'

emergency preparedness and response, equipping them with essential

skills, decision-making capabilities, teamwork, and confidence to

manage fire-related crises effectively.

3.2 Next, frequent participation in enclosed space and rescue drills

exhibits high emergency preparedness of Filipino seafarers. The result

significantly increased the confidence in identifying potential hazards

in confined spaces, showing proficiency in safely entering and

navigating these areas, and recognizing the importance of equipment

such as portable gas detectors, multi-gas detectors, and SCBA. The

research shows that these drills prepare seafarers to respond to

confined space emergencies and substantially enhance their overall

preparedness to manage such crises. Therefore, regular participation

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in enclosed space and rescue drills markedly improves seafarers'

hazard identification, equipment utilization, and emergency response

capabilities, upgrading their competence in managing critical confined

space situations.

3.3 Moreover, it indicates that Filipino seafarers who frequently participate

in onboard abandon ship drills exhibit high emergency preparedness.

The result revealed that they have the knowledge and skills to use

lifesaving appliances such as life jackets and immersion suits. The

research reveals that these drills implanted in them a strong

understanding of the importance of following established embarkation

procedures, boarding survival craft in an orderly manner, and

remaining vigilant under the guidance of the emergency leadership

team. Seafarers strongly agree that the drills have provided them with

essential safety skills to handle actual ship abandonment emergencies

and have significantly increased their overall preparedness for such

situations. Then, regular participation in abandon ship drills markedly

enhances seafarers' proficiency in utilizing lifesaving appliances,

adherence to established procedures, and responding appropriately in

abandon ship situations.

4. Is there a significant relationship between the impact of conducting safety

drills and the emergency response and preparedness of Filipino seafarers?

4.1 The impacts of firefighting drills were positively correlated with

preparedness in firefighting, enclosed space and rescue, and abandon

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ship emergencies, suggesting skills from these drills predict

preparedness in those areas. Similarly, enclosed space and rescue

drill impacts positively correlated with preparedness across those

emergency types, indicating skills from those drills predict

preparedness. Abandon-ship drill impacts are also positively correlated

with preparedness in firefighting, enclosed space and rescue, and

abandon ship, which means that increased skills from abandon ship

drills relate to higher preparedness. It is proven that there is a presence

of strong positive relationships between participating in safety drills and

enhanced preparedness and emergency response capabilities of

Filipino seafarers.

Conclusion

The researchers were able to draw the following conclusions based on the

logical implications of their findings:

1. This study engaged fifty (50) male Filipino seafarers, reflecting the male-

dominated demographics of the maritime profession. The researchers

distributed the participants across diverse age groups, with the majority

falling within the 46-50 and 51-59-year-old ranges, suggesting that the

maritime field demands considerable experience and maturity. In

shipboard experience, the study revealed that most participants had

accumulated 11-15 years of experience, indicating that a substantial

proportion of the Filipino seafarer population possesses extensive safety

skills developed by frequent safety drills over their careers at sea. Notably,
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ninety (90) percent of participants was involved in international trade

operations, highlighting Filipino seafarers' significant role in global maritime

activities, likely due to more opportunities and benefits associated with

international trade. The majority of vessels last boarded by seafarers are

container ships, bulk carriers, oil tankers, and general cargo vessels. This

diverse participant profile enabled the study to gather valuable

demographic and professional insights regarding the ship's safety drills.

2. This study's findings revealed a strong agreement among respondents on

the pivotal role of onboard safety drills in enhancing their emergency

response and preparedness capabilities. It broadened Filipino seafarers'

understanding of fire preventive measures and teamwork during

emergencies. They also strengthened their various capabilities after drills,

such as competence in operating equipment and collaborating efficiently

with the crew. Regarding enclosed space and rescue drills, participants

agreed on the positive impact of the drills and the improvement of various

aspects of their abilities. Where necessary, rescue skills and knowledge

are adequately provided. Then, the abandon-ship drills expanded Filipino

seafarers' knowledge, such as safe evacuation procedures and mustering,

and prepared them to operate lifeboats safely. Therefore, the high mean

scores proved that these safety drills enhance their safety skills and

essential knowledge and cultivate a sense of safety and teamwork in

unpredictable shipboard emergencies.

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3. This study emphasizes the significant role of frequent safety drills in

ensuring Filipino seafarers' preparedness and emergency response during

various emergencies onboard ships. The findings reveal strong agreement

among respondents that regular drills significantly improved their

confidence and skills in handling fire emergencies, enclosed space

emergencies, and abandon ship situations. Hence, these drills provide

essential training on procedures, hazards, and the use of lifesaving

equipment, enabling muscle memory and critical decision-making abilities

in emergencies. Therefore, the high mean scores emphasized that the

safety skills and essential knowledge gained from these safety drills are

highly utilized in shipboard emergencies. At that point, Filipino seafarers

applied a sense of safety and teamwork in those situations. The

researchers conclude that frequent onboard safety drills are proven

essential for Filipino seafarers to maintain preparedness in responding to

emergencies.

4. The strong positive relationships found in the study indicate that

participation in safety drills enhances Filipino seafarers' preparedness and

emergency response capabilities. This implies that regular and

comprehensive safety drills could be a critical factor in improving safety

skills among seafarers, potentially leading to safer and more effective

operations at sea. Filipino seafarers participating in frequent drills have a

significant boost in confidence and perceived skills for handling onboard

emergencies. This increased confidence likely originates from the practical

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application and reinforcement of knowledge gained through safety drills.

Then, the study also identified a vital link between the type of drill

conducted and preparedness for that specific emergency. Subsequently,

frequent firefighting drills directly translated to increased preparedness for

fire situations, and similarly for enclosed space rescue and abandon ship

procedures. These findings highlight the effectiveness of targeted drills in

equipping seafarers with the necessary skills to address specific shipboard

emergencies. Definitively, a strong positive correlation is proven between

frequent safety drills and Filipino seafarers' preparedness and emergency

preparedness.

Recommendation

Based on the conclusions and findings, the following recommendations are

offered:

1. To the seafarers, the researchers recommend that they continue

participating in various shipboard safety drills to continuously improve their

safety skills and recall all the essential procedures. Given the proven

effectiveness of drills, seafarers should approach them with the same

seriousness as real emergencies. Taking notes during drills and regularly

reviewing them can significantly improve recall of key aspects. As a result,

they will be prepared to respond efficiently to critical situations onboard the

ship.

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2. To the shipping companies, drills have been demonstrably effective in

enhancing emergency response and preparedness skills among seafarers.

Companies are encouraged to continue implementing these drills as

mandated by the SOLAS regulations. Integrating them into a well-structured

SMS will provide a robust framework for conducting onboard drills.

Furthermore, strict auditing by designated persons ashore (DPAs) is

essential to ensure that officers follow correct drill procedures.

3. To the ships officer, the researchers respectfully recommend that the ship's

officers conduct drills efficiently and frequently in accordance with SOLAS

Chapter 3 Regulation 19. Then, they should monitor the learnings and

progress by drill reports to identify gaps that need to be improved next time.

Also, officers must guide and demonstrate to the crewmembers when they

struggle to follow the proper drill procedure or handle various life-saving

appliances onboard the ship.

4. To the cadets, the researchers advise to familiarize themselves with and

research various safety drills onboard regarding their procedures and

critical aspects. Thus, they can have advanced knowledge when they board

the ship and only require minimal adjustment.

5. To future researchers, this study serves as a useful reference for future

researchers who plan to conduct any related study precisely about the

positive impact of various drills onboard the ship. This study would help

them include additional knowledge and ideas in the future. The study design

limited the researchers to gathering data from a small number of people,

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specifically Filipino seafarers. Future research could explore other

seafarers' nationality by using snowball sampling. Expanding research

using another method can be made with the researcher's research.

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VEMENT_OF_THE_VESSELS_SAFETY

Raunek (2019). The Importance Of Fire Drills On Ships. Marine Insight.

Retrieved

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October 9, 2022 from https://www.marineinsight.com/marine-s

afety/the-importance-of-fire-drills-on-ships-2

Raunek. (2021). What Is Safety Management System (SMS) On Ships?.

Marine Insight. Retrieved October 1, 2022 from

https://www.marineinsight.com/marine-safety/what-is-safety-

management-system-sms-on-ships/

RMI investigation: Cadet’s death in enclosed space associated with failure

to identify hazard (2020). Safety4Sea. Retrieve October 9, 2022 from

https://safety4sea.com/rmi-investigation-cadets-death-in-enclosed-

space-associated-with-failure-to-identify-hazard/

Southham, J. (2020). Drill Bits: Enclosed Spaces (Part Two). North

Standard. Retrieve on May 03, 2024 from

https://www.nepia.com/articles/drill-bits-enclosed-spaces-part-two/

Tabogoc, D. (2013). Frequency and Percentage Distribution. Slideshare.

Retrieved October 23, 2022 from

https://www.slideshare.net/DarylTabogoc/statistical-treatment

Tac et. al. (2020). Analysis of performance influence factors on shipboard

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drills to improve ship emergency preparedness at sea. Insider

science online. Retrieve on May 03, 2024 from

https://www.inderscienceonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1504/IJSTL.2020.10

5865

Turney, S. (2022). Pearson Correlation Coefficient (r) | Guide & Examples.

Scribbr. Retrieved October 23, 2022 from

https://www.scribbr.com/statistics/pearson-correlation-coefficient/

SOLAS CONSOLIDATED EDITION (2020). Maritime Downloads.

Retrieved October 9, 2022 from

https://www.libramar.net/news/solas_consolidated_edition_2020/20

22-03-31-4362

SOLAS (n.d.). IMO. Retrieved October 9, 2022 from

https://www.imo.org/en/KnowledgeCentre/ConferencesMeetings/Pa

ges/SOLAS.aspx

Wanga, I. (2024). FIRE DRILLS AND PROTECTION ONBOARD A SHIP.

Samk. Retrieve on May 04, 2024 from

https://www.theseus.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/823847/Wanga_Ina

ncio_Wanga.pdf

Zach (2020). Snowball Sampling: Definition + Examples. Statology.

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Retrieved October 23, 2022 from

https://www.statology.org/snowball-sampling/

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APPENDICES

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APPENDIX A

PROPOSED QUESTIONNAIRE

A survey on the Impact of Conducting Safety Drills Onboard Vessels on the

Improvement of Emergency Response and Preparedness of Filipino Seafarers

Dear Respondent,

Greetings!

We are the Asian Institute of Maritime Studies maritime researchers enrolled

in the Bachelor of Science in Marine Transportation (BSMT). In partial completion

of course requirements, the researchers behind this study request your

cooperation in responding to the questions for this research proposal. Currently,

the researchers are conducting a study entitled "The Impact of Conducting Safety

Drills Onboard Vessels on the Improvement of Emergency Response and

Preparedness of Filipino Seafarers." This study intends to find if the safety drills

significantly enhance Filipino Seafarers' emergency response and preparedness

by conducting safety drills onboard the ship. In this respect, we humbly request

your spare time and attention to respond to all of the essential and beneficial

questions in the survey questionnaire, which are requisite for the fulfillment of the

study. Safely assure that researchers will use any information collected from the

respondents with the utmost confidentiality. Then strictly follows the law, which is

the Republic Act 10173 or the Data privacy act of 2012.

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Your favorable contribution to this request will be an essential addition to the

study's achievement, and those in the maritime field will be truly thankful.

Thank you very much, and the researchers appreciate your participation.

Sincerely,

The Researchers

Part 1 Respondent’s Profile

Respondents Profile

Name:
______________________________________________________(Optional)

Gender:

Male Female

Age:

20-25 years old 26-30 years old 31-35 years old

36-40 years old 41-45 years old 46-50 years old 51-59
years old 60 years old & up

Years of experience:

1-5 years 6-10 years 11-15 years 16-20 years

21-25 years 26-30 years 31 years and up

Ship’s trade:

International Domestic

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Type of Ship:

Container Bulk Carrier Gas Carrier Chemical Tanker Oil

Tanker General Cargo Ro-Ro Off-Shore

Instruction: Please use the following scales to evaluate each question in

accordance with your personal experience or perspective. There are no correct

or incorrect responses.

Likert Scale

Scale Description

5 Strongly Agree

4 Agree

3 Moderately Agree

2 Disagree

1 Strongly Disagree

5 – STRONGLY AGREE; 4 – AGREE; 3 – MODERATELY AGREE;

2 – DISAGREE; 1 – STRONGLY DISAGREE

I. Questionnaire Proper

Part 2. This second part will be the close-ended questions about the

most impact of safety drills on your emergency response and preparedness.

The Instruction: rate the following by checking the corresponding box. There

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is no wrong response. Check the checkboxes corresponding to your level

of agreement on the scale. Please rate each question using the following

scales, based on your experience or opinion.

Scale
2.1 FIRE FIGHTING
5 4 3 2 1
Firefighting drills has expanded my
understanding of fire preventive
1 measures.
Participating in firefighting drills has
guided me to better understand the
significance of teamwork during fire
2 onboard.
I feel more confident in my skills and
make the right decisions after attending
3 the firefighting drills.
I become competent in operational fixed
firefighting equipment correctly after
4 taking part in drills.
The drills have equipped me with the
skills needed to proficiently
communicate and collaborate with fellow
5 crew members in a fire emergency.
ENCLOSED SPACE AND Scale
2.2
RESCUE 5 4 3 2 1
I feel confident in using (e.g., portable
gas detector, multi-gas detector, SCBA
etc.) correctly after participating in these
1 drills
The drills have sufficiently equipped me
to carry out rescue operations with
2 safety and efficiency.
The enclosed space and rescue drills
have developed my situational
awareness regarding the potential
dangers and risks associated with
3 confined spaces on board.
The drills have expanded my knowledge
of the different gases on confined space
and the appropriate safety protocol for
4 each.

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The drills have equipped me with the

necessary skills to proficiently
communicate and integrated with the
rescue team outside the enclosed space
5 in case of a trapped person.
Scale
2.3 ABANDON-SHIP
5 4 3 2 1
The abandon-ship drills have expanded
my knowledge regarding the proper
procedures for safely evacuating the
1 vessel.
It has enhanced my knowledge
regarding the significance of following
the approved muster list and
embarkation procedures (going to
2 muster station).
The drill has sufficiently prepared me to
board and operate various type of
3 lifeboats safely.
It made me aware of the potential
dangers and hazards associated with
abandoning a vessel at sea (e.g., debris
4 on sea, getting stuck, etc.).
It trained me to effectively communicate
and cooperate diligently with my crew
members when an abandon-ship
5 declare.

Part 3. This part will be the close-ended questions about how

prepared the Filipino seafarers with regards in response to emergencies

after participating in mandatory frequent onboard safety drills. If they

significantly applied their improve safety skills on actual emergencies or

given a scenario.

The Instruction: rate the following by checking the corresponding box.

There is no wrong response. Check the checkboxes corresponding to

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your level of agreement on the scale. Please rate each question using the

following scales, based on your experience or opinion.

Scale
3.1 FIRE FIGHTING
5 4 3 2 1
During a fire emergency on board, I have
been able to apply the firefighting
techniques effectively learned from the
1 firefighting drills.
I have been able to maintain calmness
and make the appropriate decisions
2 during actual fire emergencies.
I have been able to coordinate and work
effectively as part of a team during actual
fire emergencies, as practiced during the
3 drills.
The firefighting drills have enabled me to
follow proper survival techniques and
4 locate fire exit safely.
The overall impact of the frequent
firefighting drills has significantly
improved my ability to respond
effectively during actual fire
5 emergencies on board.
ENCLOSED SPACE AND Scale
3.2
RESCUE 5 4 3 2 1
I have developed confidence in my
knowledge that obtained on drills to
1
identify and recognize the potential
hazards confined spaces onboard ship.
Frequent enclosed space and rescue
drills have equipped myself with the
proper knowledge and skills to safely
2 enter and navigate in confined spaces.
This drill has reminded me the
significance of the following equipment
portable gas detector, multi-gas
detector, and SCBA. when working in
confined spaces.
3

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Frequent enclose space and rescue

drills have sufficiently prepared me to
respond effectively in case of an
emergency involving confined spaces on
4 board.
Participating in regular enclosed space
and rescue drills has significantly
enhanced my overall preparedness to
manage emergencies and problems that
5 occur in confined areas on board.
Scale
3.3 ABANDON-SHIP
5 4 3 2 1
Frequent drills have equipped me with
the proper knowledge and skills to
effectively use lifesaving appliances,
such as life jackets and immersion suits
in the preparation of abandoning the
1 ship.
I understand the importance of following
established embarkation procedures
and boarding survival craft in an orderly
2 manner.
I understood the need to remain vigilant
and followed the emergency leadership
team's instructions during frequent
3 abandon ship drills.
The drills have equipped me with the
necessary safety skills to handle an
actual emergency circumstance of
abandoning the ship while onboard the
4 ship.
The frequent abandon ship drills have
increased my overall preparedness to
handle situations requiring abandoning
5 the vessel.

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APPENDIX B

LETTER FOR VALIDATION

2/O Alvin Eric C. Barbato

Assistant Dean, SMM

Sir;

Greetings!

The adherents are third-year students of Asian Institute of Maritime Studies

who are taking up a Bachelor of Science in Marine Transportation and the

researchers undertaking research for this semester entitled "The Impact of

Conducting Safety Drills Onboard Vessels on the Improvement of Emergency

Response and Preparedness of Filipino Seafarers."

In this study, the researchers aim to know the relationship between

conducting safety drills and the emergency response and preparedness of Filipino

seafarers onboard the vessel. The study instrument that the researchers will utilize

is a survey questionnaire. At that point, this set of questionnaires will be input on

google forms and paper type. And will be given to the seafarers on Kalaw Avenue,

Ermita, Manila.

The questions are formulated about:

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The main concern of this study is to focus on the extent of the impact of conducting

safety drills onboard vessels on the improvement of the safety skills of Filipino

Seafarers. Specifically, this study sought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the Filipino seafarers in terms of:

1.1 Age;

1.2 Gender; and

1.3 Years of experience?

2. What is the impact of onboard safety drills on the improvement of the

emergency response and preparedness of Filipino seafarers in terms of:

2.1 Firefighting;

2.2 Enclosed space and rescue; and

2.3 Abandon Ship?

3. How prepared the Filipino seafarers with regards in response to

emergencies after participating in frequent onboard safety drills in terms of:

3.1 Firefighting;

3.2 Enclosed space and rescue; and

3.3 Abandon Ship?

4. Is there a significant relationship between the impact of conducting safety

drills and the emergency response and preparedness of Filipino

seafarers?

Hypothesis

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H0: There is no significant relationship between the impact of conducting

safety drills and the emergency response and preparedness of Filipino seafarers.

Regarding this topic, the researchers will want assistance and direction regarding

validating their relevant survey questionnaires for the research study. The

adherents have selected technical personnel to serve as the evaluator because

they believe you are the most qualified and capable professional to perform the

task. The researchers would want your permission.

The researchers patiently await your acceptance of this topic.

Thank you very much, and the researchers appreciate the assistance you may

provide.

Sincerely yours,

Corpuz, Aldous Lorence C.

Dirain, Elwin Dale A.

Fabul, Ivanrei Javier

Medina, Kurt C.

Nalam, Rein John O.

Penilla, Regan N.

Researchers

Noted by:

Prof. Charity T. Manuel

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Research Adviser

Approved:

2/O Alvin Eric C. Barbato

SMM Assistant Dean

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APPENDIX C

CERTIFICATE OF STATISTICAL DERIVATION

TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:

This is to certify that the graduating students of the Asian Institute of Maritime
Studies submitted their completed thesis with the title: "THE IMPACT OF
CONDUCTING SAFETY DRILLS ONBOARD VESSELS ON THE
IMPROVEMENT OF EMERGENCY RESPONSE AND PREPAREDNESS OF
FILIPINO SEAFARERS."

The statistical tools used were Reliability Analysis (Cronbach’s Alpha) to analyze
the internal consistency and reliability of the researcher-made questionnaire, and
the use of Pearson Correlation Analysis to analyze if there are significant
relationship between the impact of conducting safety drills and the emergency
response and preparedness of Filipino seafarers in areas such as firefighting,
enclosed space and rescue, and abandon ship. The statistical interpretations were
properly done based on the data gathered and presented in the table forms in the
completed research manuscript.

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APPENDIX D

GRAMMARIAN’S CERTIFICATION
GRAMMARIAN’S CERTIFICATION

This is to certify that the undersigned has reviewed and gone through the thesis

titled “THE IMPACT OF CONDUCTING SAFETY DRILLS ONBOARD VESSELS ON

THE IMPROVEMENT OF EMERGENCY RESPONSE AND PREPAREDNESS OF

FILIPINO SEAFARERS” by Aldous Lorence C. Corpuz, Elwin Dale A. Dirain, Ivanrei

Javier Fabul, Kurt C. Medina, Rein John O. Nalam, and Regan N. Penilla, aligned with

the set of structural rules that govern the composition of sentences, phrases, and

words in the English language.

This certification is issued to them for whatever legal purpose it may serve them

best.

Issued this 12th day of June 2024.

Signed:

SHEENA GWENDOLYN D. VALDEZ, LPT, MAEd

Grammarian
09496009292
[email protected]

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APPENDIX E

DATA GAHERING

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APPENDIX F
RAW DATA FROM STATISTICIAN
SOP 1

Age

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

Valid 20-25 years old 7 14.0 14.0 14.0

26-30 years old 2 4.0 4.0 18.0

31-35 years old 7 14.0 14.0 32.0

36-40 years old 7 14.0 14.0 46.0

41-45 years old 1 2.0 2.0 48.0

46-50 years old 11 22.0 22.0 70.0

51-59 years old 11 22.0 22.0 92.0

60 years old and up 4 8.0 8.0 100.0

Total 50 100.0 100.0

Experience

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

Valid 1-5 years 9 18.0 18.0 18.0

6-10 years 10 20.0 20.0 38.0

11-15 years 13 26.0 26.0 64.0

16-20 years 9 18.0 18.0 82.0

21-25 years 5 10.0 10.0 92.0

26-30 years 3 6.0 6.0 98.0

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31 years and up 1 2.0 2.0 100.0

Total 50 100.0 100.0

Trade

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

Valid Domestic 5 10.0 10.0 10.0

International 45 90.0 90.0 100.0

Total 50 100.0 100.0

Ship

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

Valid Bulk Carrier 11 22.0 22.0 22.0

Chemical Tanker 2 4.0 4.0 26.0

Container Ship 12 24.0 24.0 50.0

Gas Carrier 2 4.0 4.0 54.0

General Cargo 7 14.0 14.0 68.0

Off-shore 4 8.0 8.0 76.0

Oil Tanker 10 20.0 20.0 96.0

Ro-Ro Ship 2 4.0 4.0 100.0

Total 50 100.0 100.0

SOP 2

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Perception of Skills and Knowledge

DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS: PER ITEM OF THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE

EMERGENCY RESPONSE AND PREPAREDNESS IN TERMS OF
FIREFIGTHING

DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS:

Descriptive Statistics

N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation

I_Firefighter1 50 4.00 5.00 4.6200 .49031

I_Firefighter2 50 4.00 5.00 4.6600 .47852

I_Firefighter3 50 3.00 5.00 4.6600 .55733

I_Firefighter4 50 3.00 5.00 4.4600 .61312

I_Firefighter5 50 3.00 5.00 4.5000 .61445

I_Firefighter 50 3.60 5.00 4.5800 .43000

Valid N (listwise) 50

DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS: PER ITEM OF THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE

EMERGENCY RESPONSE AND PREPAREDNESS IN TERMS OF
ENCLOSED SPACE AND RESCUE

I_Space1 50 3.00 5.00 4.4600 .61312

I_Space2 50 3.00 5.00 4.5000 .58029

I_Space3 50 3.00 5.00 4.3600 .63116

I_Space4 50 3.00 5.00 4.5200 .64650

I_Space5 50 3.00 5.00 4.4800 .61412

I_Space 50 3.00 5.00 4.4640 .48896

Valid N (listwise) 50

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DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS: PER ITEM OF IMPROVEMENT OF THE

EMERGENCY RESPONSE AND PREPAREDNESS IN TERMS OF ABANDON
SHIP

I_Abandon1 50 2.00 5.00 4.5600 .61146

I_Abandon2 50 2.00 5.00 4.4600 .64555

I_Abandon3 50 2.00 5.00 4.6600 .59281

I_Abandon4 50 2.00 5.00 4.5400 .64555

I_Abandon5 50 2.00 5.00 4.5600 .64397

I_Abandon 50 2.00 5.00 4.5560 .53190

Valid N (listwise) 50

SOP 3
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS: IMPACT ON PREPAREDNESS IN RESPONSE
TO EMERGENCIES AFTER PARTICIPATING IN FREQUENT ONBOARD
SAFETY DRILLS IN TERMS OF FIREFIGTHING

Descriptive Statistics

N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation

P_Firefighting1 50 3.00 5.00 4.4800 .54361

P_Firefighting2 50 3.00 5.00 4.4000 .67006

P_Firefighting3 50 3.00 5.00 4.5400 .54248

P_Firefighting4 50 3.00 5.00 4.4800 .57994

P_Firefighting5 50 3.00 5.00 4.6200 .53031

P_Firefighting 50 3.40 5.00 4.5040 .42232

Valid N (listwise) 50

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DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS: IMPACT ON PREPAREDNESS IN RESPONSE

TO EMERGENCIES AFTER PARTICIPATING IN FREQUENT ONBOARD
SAFETY DRILLS IN TERMS OF ENCLOSE SPACE AND RESCUE

P_Space1 50 2.00 5.00 4.5200 .61412

P_Space2 50 2.00 5.00 4.3800 .63535

P_Space3 50 2.00 5.00 4.5000 .61445

P_Space4 50 2.00 5.00 4.4600 .70595

P_Space5 50 2.00 5.00 4.5200 .64650

P_Space 50 2.00 5.00 4.4760 .55238

Valid N (listwise) 50

DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS: IMPACT ON PREPAREDNESS IN RESPONSE

TO EMERGENCIES AFTER PARTICIPATING IN FREQUENT ONBOARD
SAFETY DRILLS IN TERMS OF ABANDON SHIP

P_Abandon1 50 2.00 5.00 4.6000 .63888

P_Abandon2 50 2.00 5.00 4.5800 .60911

P_Abandon3 50 2.00 5.00 4.5200 .61412

P_Abandon4 50 2.00 5.00 4.5200 .61412

P_Abandon5 50 2.00 5.00 4.5400 .61312

P_Abandon 50 2.00 5.00 4.5520 .53538

Valid N (listwise) 50

SOP 4

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SIGNIFICANT RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE IMPACT OF CONDUCTING

SAFETY DRILLS AND THE EMERGENCY RESPONSE AND
PREPAREDNESS OF FILIPINO SEAFARERS

CORRELATIONS

Correlations

P_Aban
I_Firefighter I_Space I_Abandon P_Firefighting P_Space don

I_Firefighter Pearson 1 .763** .496** .457** .570** .478**

Correlation

Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .001 .000 .000

N 50 50 50 50 50 50

I_Space Pearson .763** 1 .733** .434** .792** .707**

Correlation

Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .002 .000 .000

N 50 50 50 50 50 50

I_Abandon Pearson .496** .733** 1 .421** .806** .804**

Correlation

Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .002 .000 .000

N 50 50 50 50 50 50

P_Firefightin Pearson .457** .434** .421** 1 .413** .521**

g Correlation

Sig. (2-tailed) .001 .002 .002 .003 .000

N 50 50 50 50 50 50

P_Space Pearson .570** .792** .806** .413** 1 .860**

Correlation

Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .003 .000

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N 50 50 50 50 50 50

P_Abandon Pearson .478** .707** .804** .521** .860** 1

Correlation

Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000 .000

N 50 50 50 50 50 50

**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

RELIABILITY STATISTICS

Reliability Statistics:
Impact on Firefighting

Cronbach's N of
Alpha Items

.850 5

Reliability Statistics:
Impact on Enclosed
Space and Rescue

Cronbach's N of
Alpha Items

.871 5

Reliability Statistics:
Impact on Abandon
Ship

Cronbach's N of
Alpha Items

.890 5

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Reliability Statistics:
Impact

Cronbach's N of
Alpha Items

.957 15

Reliability Statistics:
Preparedness on
Firefighting

Cronbach's N of
Alpha Items

.924 5

Reliability Statistics:
Preparedness on
Enclosed Space and
Rescue

Cronbach's N of
Alpha Items

.932 5

Reliability Statistics:
Preparedness on
Abandon Ship

Cronbach's
Alpha N of Items

.956 5

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Reliability Statistics:
Preparedness

Cronbach's
Alpha N of Items

.974 15

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APPENDIX G

CURRICULUM VITAE

Aldous Lorence C. Corpuz

172 old 224 new Int. 11 F. Roxas St. 5th Ave.
1406 Caloocan City
+(63) 968 481 9564
[email protected]

OBJECTIVES:

• To increase my experience and add more ideas on my existing knowledge.

• To be more competent on my chosen profession.
• To avoid negligent during work and contribute success to the company.

Knowledge/Skills/Competencies:

• Flexible and able to adapt on changes

• Team work mentality
• Able to perform basic maintenance
• Able to understand and speak English and Filipino Language
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND:

Tertiary: Asian Institute of Maritime Studies

Bachelor of Science in Marine Transportation
S.Y. (2021-PRESENT)

Secondary: Manila Central University

S.Y. (2015-2021)

Elementary: Cecilio Apostol Elementary School

S.Y. (2010-2015)

Grace Park Elementary School

S.Y. (2009-2010)
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ACHIEVEMENTS, CERTIFICATIONS, AND SEMINARS ATTENDED:

• Ship Security Awareness Training and Seafarers with Designated Security

Duties (SDSD)- 2023
• Basic Training- 2023
• Health Promotion: An Effective Guide During Pandemic- 2021
• SafePH Disaster Prepared Caravan-2021
• Introduction To Maritime Industry- 2021
• Cybercrime Law- 2021
• With high honors (senior high school)
• Fire Prevention: Fire Extinguisher- 2019

PERSONAL INFORMATION:

Date of Birth: September 05, 2002

Age: 21
Civil Status: Single
Birthplace: Manila
Citizenship: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
Height: 170 cm
Weight: 65 kg

CHARACTER REFERENCE:

Asian Institute of Maritime Studies

A. Arnaiz Ave. cor. Roxas Blvd., Pasay City

(088) 834 5783

I hereby certify that the aforementioned information is true to the best of my

knowledge.

Aldous Lorence C. Corpuz

BSMT 33-A4

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Elwin Dale A. Dirain

San Juan 1, Ternate, Cavite
09380433198
[email protected]

OBJECTIVES:

• Cadet who will use everything he has learned at the AIMS and will do
anything for the company’s success.
• All work in the desired position will be accepted without reservation, and I
will do everything in my power to get better

Knowledge/Skills/Competencies:

• Capable to work with Teams

• Resourceful in everything
• Time management

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND:

Tertiary: Asian Institute of Maritime Studies

Bachelor of Science in Marine Transportation
S.Y. (2021-PRESENT)

Secondary: Integrated School of Science

2019-2021
Bucal National High School
2014-2019

Elementary: San Juan Elementary School

2009-2014

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ACHIEVEMENTS, CERTIFICATIONS, AND SEMINARS ATTENDED:

• Ship Security Awareness Training and Seafarers with Designated Security

Duties (SDSD)- 2023
• Basic Training- 2023
• SafePH Disaster Prepared Caravan-2021

PERSONAL INFORMATION:

Date of Birth: June 9, 2003

Age: 20
Civil Status: Single
Birthplace: Naic, Cavite
Citizenship: Filipino
Religion: Iglesia Filipina Independiente
Height: 167 cm
Weight: 65kg

CHARACTER REFERENCE:

Asian Institute of Maritime Studies

A. Arnaiz Ave. cor. Roxas Blvd., Pasay City

(088) 834 5783

I hereby certify that the aforementioned information is true to the best of my

knowledge.

Elwin Dale A. Dirain

BSMT 33-A4

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Kurt Ztnon C. Medina

Lancaster New City, Cavite
09385284232
[email protected]

OBJECTIVES:

• Eager cadet that will give help to marine industry with goal in mind to
improve in every position that I take
• To give contribution to the company by the skills acquired on AIMS and use
skill to the extent to help the company.

Knowledge/Skills/Competencies:

• Problem solving skill

• Eagerness to improve
• Responsible and punctual

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND:

Tertiary: Asian Institute of Maritime Studies

Bachelor of Science in Marine Transportation
S.Y. (2021-PRESENT)

Secondary: Integrated School of Science

S.Y. 2019-2020

Elementary: Marikina Elementary School

S.Y. 2009-2014

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ACHIEVEMENTS, CERTIFICATIONS, AND SEMINARS ATTENDED:

• Ship Security Awareness Training and Seafarers with Designated Security

Duties (SDSD)- 2023
• Basic Training- 2023
• SafePH Disaster Prepared Caravan-2021

PERSONAL INFORMATION:

Date of Birth: June 2, 2003

Age: 20
Civil Status: Single
Birthplace: Quezon City
Citizenship: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
Height: 164cm
Weight: 71kg

CHARACTER REFERENCE:

Asian Institute of Maritime Studies

A. Arnaiz Ave. cor. Roxas Blvd., Pasay City

(088) 834 5783

I hereby certify that the aforementioned information is true to the best of my

knowledge.

Kurt C. Medina
BSMT 33-A4

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Ivanrei J. Fabul
Laiya-Aplaya, San Juan, Batangas
09507849095
[email protected]

OBJECTIVES:

• To obtain a difficult position with a recognized firm in order to expand my

education, expertise, and experience.
• To contribute significantly to the success of the company

Knowledge/Skills/Competencies:

• Time Management
• Effective communication capabilities in both English and Filipino
• Responsible and determined

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND:

Tertiary: Asian Institute of Maritime Studies

Bachelor of Science in Marine Transportation
S.Y. (2021-PRESENT)

Secondary: Laiya Integrated National High School

S.Y. 2015-2020

Elementary: Aplaya Elementary School

S.Y. 2009-2015

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ACHIEVEMENTS, CERTIFICATIONS, AND SEMINARS ATTENDED:

• Ship Security Awareness Training and Seafarers with Designated Security

Duties (SDSD)- 2023
• Basic Training- 2023
• SafePH Disaster Prepared Caravan-2021

PERSONAL INFORMATION:

Date of Birth: December 24, 2001

Age: 22
Civil Status: Single
Birthplace: San Juan, Batangas
Citizenship: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
Height: 172cm
Weight: 65kg

CHARACTER REFERENCE:

Asian Institute of Maritime Studies

A. Arnaiz Ave. cor. Roxas Blvd., Pasay City

(088) 834 5783

I hereby certify that the aforementioned information is true to the best of my

knowledge.

Ivanrei Javier Fabul

BSMT 33-A4

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Rein John O. Nalam

Blk 19 Lot 20 Phase 1a Mabuhay Homes
Darangan Binangonan, Rizal
+(63)9672048725
[email protected]

OBJECTIVES

To expand my knowledge, expertise, and skills by gaining practical experience

with a credible organization.

KNOWLEDGE/SKILLS/COMPETENCIES:

• Capable to work in Microsoft Word

• Ability to learn and provide quality patient care
• Time management

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND:

Asian Institute of Maritime Studies

Bachelor of Science in Marine Transportation
5 November 2022 – Present

High School

Philippine Best Training System Colleges Inc.

2012 – 2016

Elementary

Maries Christian School

2007 - 2012

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ACHIEVEMENTS, CERTIFICATIONS, AND SEMINARS ATTENDED

• Ship Security Awareness Training and Seafarers with Designated Security

Duties (SDSD)- 2023
• Basic Training- 2023
• MIDSHIPMAN OFFICER CANDIDATE COURSE BATCH 2024
• SafePH Disaster Preparedness Caravan

PERSONAL INFORMATION:

Date of Birth: November 02, 2002

Age: 21
Civil Status: Single
Birthplace: Angono, Rizal
Citizenship: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
Height: 170 cm
Weight: 63kg

CHARACTER REFERENCES

Asian Institute of Maritime Studies

A. Arnaiz Ave. cor, Roxas Blvd., Pasay, City
(02) 831-2467

I hereby certify that the aforementioned information is true to the best of my

knowledge.

Rein John O. Nalam

BSMT 33-A4

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Regan Jr. N. Penilla

Bagong Barrio, Caloocan city
[email protected]
09507848095
[email protected]

OBJECTIVES

• To execute safely the given challenging task according to my position.

• To give my excellent service to have a safety voyage from point A to point
B.

KNOWLEDGE/SKILLS/COMPETENCIES:

• Capable to finish the task perfectly

• Excellent communication abilities in both English and Filipino
• Responsible and Flexible

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND:

Tertiary

Asian Institute of Maritime Studies

Bachelor of Science in Marine Transportation

November 2021-Present

Secondary

Manila Central University

2015-2021

Elementary

Morning Breeze Elementary School

2009-2014

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ACHIEVEMENTS, CERTIFICATIONS, AND SEMINARS ATTENDED

• Ship Security Awareness Training and Seafarers with Designated Security

Duties (SDSD)- 2023
• Basic Training- 2023
• Seminar for saving life technique – 2022
• Seafarer task basic training – 2022
• Seminar for fire drill – 2019

PERSONAL INFORMATION:

Date of Birth: January 21, 2003

Age: 21
Civil Status: Single
Birthplace: Manila
Citizenship: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
Height: 169cm
Weight: 70kg

CHARACTER REFERENCES

Asian Institute of Maritime Studies

A. Arnaiz Ave. cor, Roxas Blvd., Pasay, City
(02) 831-2467

I hereby certify that the aforementioned information is true to the best of my

knowledge.

Regan N. Penilla
BSMT 33-A4

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APPENDIX H
DOCUMENTATION

MARES 1

DOCUMENTATION OF GROUP COLLABORATION:

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CHAPTER 1,2, AND 3 FINAL DEFENSE

SUBMISSION OF CHAPTER 1,2, AND 3 THESIS PROPOSAL RINGBIND

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MARES 2
EVERYDAY DOCUMENTATION AND PROGRESS FROM THE FIRST WEEK
WEEK 1

1.) 04/01/2024 (1ST MEETING)

Discussion of flow of midterms and required documents to be revise or submit.

2.) 04/03/2024 (2ND MEETING)

After online meeting, the researchers have a briefing and recalling regarding the plan.

3.) 04/04/2024 (SIGNING OF VALIDATION LETTER) (RESEARCH ADVISER)

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Ma’am Charity sign the researcher’s validation letter and allow them to proceed of
finding maritime professor

4.) 04/05/2024

Having a group discussion regarding the signing of validation letter for maritime
professors.
5.) 04/06/2024 (SIGNING OF VALIDATION LETTER) (PROFESSOR)

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With Sir Barbato signing of validation letter and give advice integrating with Safety of Life
At Sea (SOLAS). He approved the researchers survey questionaire and give advice
regarding the SOP 3.

With Sir Perfecto signing of validation letter and give some grammatical corrections. Sir
approved the researcher’s questionnaire and help to select best five (5) survey
questions each sub-variable.

With Sir Rosal signing and make suggestions that need to be fix in order to
reduce the coverage; in short making it simple but effective. However, upon
signing our validation letter, Sir ask first the research adviser if she is agreeing on
the changes. Then after the researchers and research adviser agree to the
changes, Sir Rosal approved the research proposal.

WEEK 2
5.) 04/08/2024

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(Creating google survey forms)

6.) 04/10/2024

(Group discussion)
7.) 04/12/2024

(Checking of survey questionnaire in google forms)

04/14/2024

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(Preparation for Monday Survey)

WEEK 3
7.) 04/15/2024

The researchers successfully gathered ten (10) initial survey responses from
respondents at Kalaw Ave. Manila. After that the researchers quickly emailed it to
Sir Dhuff for the statistician form.

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8.) 04/17/2024

Online meeting and breakout room discussion regarding the possible result of
initial survey for reliability test
9.) 04/19/2024

Payment for stat package is successful and all of the researchers are
contributed.
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10.) 04/20/2024

Reliability test was result successful; the results indicate good to excellent
reliability. With this, the researcher/s may proceed using the questionnaire for
data collection.
WEEK 4
11.) 04/22/2024

Ma’am Charity conducted a consultation checking the progress of data gathering.

After that the researchers proceed to Kalaw for the continuation of data gathering

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CONTINUATION OF DATA GATHERING IN KALAW, MANILA FOR FULL DATA

COLLECTION TO COMPLETE FIFTY (50) RESPONSES
11.) 04/24/2024

Discussion of chapter 4 data interpretation and analysis in order to know what is

the correct way of making it.
11.) 04/26/2024

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The researchers consulted by the research adviser to know the current progress.
Then at night, Mr. Macuha emailed the tabulations with his analysis and
certificate.
WEEK 5
11.) 04/29/2024

Monday consultation was conducted to know what is the updates. Then the
leader delegate task to all members to prepare the first draft of chapter 4.
13.) 05/03/2024

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Breakout room after Friday consultation to monitor the progress. Then checking
the progress of each member on delegated tabulation for further elaboration and
preparing the first draft of chapter 4 to be submitted. In addition, they also put
work on the midterm requirements which are the narrative report, weekly
documentation, and attendance file.

WEEK 6

14.) 05/06/2024

“Breakout room with members regarding the plan for chapter 5”

15.) 05/08/2024

“Discussing the revisions for chapter 4 and need to fix minor problems on chapter
3. Acknowledgement must include the dean of research”.
16.) 05/10/2024

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“Discussing the few revisions left on chapter 3 and 4”.

WEEK 7

16.) 05/13/2024

Polishing chapter 4 and discussion regarding how to start chapter 5.

17.) 05/15/2024

Finalizing chapter 4 and addition to documentation.

17.) 05/17/2024

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The manuscript has returned and checking the revisions of chapters 1 to 4.

WEEK 8

17.) 05/20/2024

“Finalizing the whole draft of manuscript”

WEEK 9

20.) 05/27/2024

“Finalizing PowerPoint presentation for defense”

21.) 05/29/2024

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“Mock defense”
22.) 05/31/2024

“General orientation regarding the result of mock defense”

23.) 06/03/2024

“Group preparation and rehearsal for final defense”

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“FINAL DEFENSE”

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“Grammarian consultation”

“Returned final manuscript and polished some minor revisions. Then ready for book bind
and to be submit next week”

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