Lect-04
10.10 Magnetic Field due to a Current : Biot-Savart Law
Q. State and explain Biot-Savart law.
Statement: According to Biot-Savart's law, the magnitude of the magnetic field dB is proportional to the
current I and the element length dl, and inversely proportional to the square of the distance 𝑟.
(i) Current in a straight, long wire
Q. Derive expression of magnetic field at a point near infinitely long straight wire.
10.11 Force of Attraction between two Long Parallel Wires
Q. Derive expression for force per unit length b/w two long current carrying parallel wires separated by small distance.
10.12 Magnetic Field Produced by a Current in a Circular Arc of a Wire
Example 10.5: A wire has 2 straight sections and one arc as shown in the figure. Determine the
direction and magnitude of the magnetic field produced at the centre O of the semicircle by the three
sections individually and the total.
10.13: Axial Magnetic Field Produced by Current in a Circular Loop
Q. Derive an expression for axial magnetic field produced by current in a circular loop. Using the derived expression,
obtain equation of field at centre of loop as a special case.
10.14 Magnetic Lines for a Current Loop
Q. Explain how upper part of loop carrying current in anticlockwise direction behaves like north pole while lower
part as south pole of a bar magnet.
Circular loop carrying a current as a magnetic dipole:
Q. Discuss magnetic field due to a circular current loop at large distances in terms of magnetic moment (m).
Example 10.6: Consider a closely wound 1000 turn coil, having radius of 1m. If a current of 10A passes
through the coil, what will be the magnitude of the magnetic field at the centre?
10.15 Ampere's Law
Q. State and explain Ampere's law.
Statement: The line integral of the magnetic field (𝐵) around any closed path is equal to 𝜇0 times the total
current (I) passing through that closed path.
Expression For The Magnetic Induction Near A Current-carrying Straight Infinitely Long Wire
Q.Obtain expression for magnetic field at a distance 𝑟 from straight current conducting wire using Ampere's law.
Example 10.7: A coaxial cable consists of a central conducting core wire of radius a and a coaxial cylindrical
outer conductor of radius 𝑏 (see figure). The two conductors carry an equal current 𝐼 in opposite directions in
and out of the plane of the paper. What will be the magnitude of the magnetic field 𝐵 for
(i) 𝑎 < 𝑟 < 𝑏 and (ii) 𝑏 < 𝑟 ? What will be its direction?
10.16 Magnetic Field of a Solenoid and a Toroid: (a) Solenoid
Q. Define solenoid.
Definition: A solenoid is a long, insulated copper wire closely wound on
a hollow cylindrical glass or plastic tube in the form of a helix.
Q.
Q. Using Ampere's law, obtain an expression for magnetic field due to the axis of an ideal long straight solenoid.
10.16 Magnetic Field of a Solenoid and a Toroid: (b) Toroid
Q. What is a toroid?
Definition: A toroid is a solenoid of finite length bent into a hollow circular tube.
Q. Obtain an expression for magnetic induction along the axis of toroid on the basis of Ampere's circuital law.
Example 10.8: A solenoid of length 25 cm has inner radius of 1 cm and is made up of 250 turns of copper wire.
For a current of 3A in it, what will be the magnitude of the magnetic field inside the solenoid?
1. Choose the correct option.
i) A conductor has 3 segments; two straight and of length 𝐿 each and a semicircular with radius 𝑅. It
carries a current 𝐼. What is the magnetic field 𝐵 at point P ?
𝝁 𝑰
(A) 𝟒𝝅𝟎 𝑹
𝝁 𝑰
(B) 𝟒𝝅𝟎 𝑹𝟐
𝝁𝟎 𝑰
(C) 𝟒 𝑹
𝝁𝟎 𝑰
(C) 𝟒𝝅
ii) Figure 𝑎, 𝑏 show two Amperian loops associated with the conductors carrying current 𝐼 in the sense shown.
The ∮ 𝐵. 𝑑𝑙 in the cases a and b will be, respectively,
(A) −𝝁𝟎 𝑰, 𝟎
(B) 𝝁𝜽 𝑰, 𝟎
(C) 𝟎, 𝝁𝟎 𝑰
(D) 𝟎, −𝝁𝟎 𝑰
iii) A proton enters a perpendicular uniform magnetic field 𝐵 at origin along the positive 𝑥 axis with a velocity
v as shown in the figure. Then it will follow the following path. [The magnetic field is directed into the paper].
(A) It will continue to move along positive 𝑥 axis.
(B) It will move along a curved path, bending towards positive 𝑥 axis.
(C) It will move along a curved path, bending towards negative 𝑦 axis.
(D) It will move along a sinusoidal path along the positive 𝑥 axis.
(iv) A conducting thick copper rod of length
(iv) A conducting thick copper rod of length 1 m carries a current of 15 A and is located on the Earth's equator.
There the magnetic flux lines of the Earth's magnetic field are horizontal, with the field of 1.3 × 10−4 T, south to
north. The magnitude and direction of the force on the rod, when it is oriented so that current flows from west to
east, are
(A) 𝟏𝟒 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟒 𝐍, downward.
(B) 𝟐𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟒 𝐍, downward.
(C) 𝟏𝟒 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟒 𝐍, upward.
(D) 𝟐𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟒 𝐍, upward.
v) A charged particle is in motion having initial velocity 𝑣 when it enter into a region of uniform magnetic field
perpendicular to 𝑣. Because of the magnetic force the kinetic energy of the particle will
(A) remain uncharged.
(B) get reduced.
(C) increase.
(D) be reduced to zero.
1. A piece of straight wire has mass 20 g and length 1 m. It is to be levitated using a current of 1 A flowing
through it and a perpendicular magnetic field B in a horizontal direction. What must be the magnetic of B ?
2. Calculate the value of magnetic field at a distance of 2 cm from a very long straight wire carrying a current
of 5 A (Given: 𝜇0 = 4𝜋 × 10−7 Wb/Am ).
3. An electron is moving with a speed of 3.2 × 106 m/s in a magnetic field of 6.00 × 10−4 T perpendicular to its
path. What will be the radius of the path? What will be frequency and the kinetic energy in keV ? [Given: mass of
electron = 9.1 × 10−31 kg, charge 𝑒 = 1.6 × 10−19 C, 1eV = 1.6 × 10−19 J
4. Two wires shown in the figure are connected in a series circuit and the same amount of current of 10 A passes
through both, but in apposite directions. Separation between the two wires is 8 mm. The length AB is S = 22 cm.
Obtain the direction and magnitude of the magnetic field due to current in wire 2 on the section 𝐴𝐵 of wire 1. Also
obtain the magnitude and direction of the force on wire 1. 𝜇0 = 4𝜋 × 10−7 T.m/A]
5. A toroid of narrow radius of 10 cm has 1000 turns of wire. For a magnetic field of 5 × 10−2 T along its axis,
how much current is required to be passed through the wire?
6. A moving coil galvanometer has been fitted with a rectangular coil having 50 turns and dimensions
5 cm × 3 cm. The radial magnetic field in which the coil is suspended is of 0.05 Wb/m2 . The torsional
constant of the spring is 1.5 × 10−9 Nm/ degree. Obtain the current required to be passed through the
galvanometer so as to produce a deflection of 30∘ .
