17

SONA COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY (AUTONOMOUS), SALEM – 636 005

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS
QUESTION BANK – U19MAT401A / NUMERICAL AND REGRESSION ANALYSIS
UNIT – II / INTERPOLATION AND NUMERICAL DIFFERENTIATION

FILL IN THE BLANKS

1 The estimation of values between well-known discrete points are called _____
2 _____is used to denote the process of finding the values outside the interval.
3 The interpolating polynomial will be otherwise called as _____
4 Gregory-Newton backward interpolation formula is used for _____
5 Newton backward interpolation formula is used for the _____intervals.
6 The process of finding a value of 𝑥 for the corresponding value of 𝑦 is called _____
7 _____ formula is used for unequal intervals.
8 Newton’s divided difference formula will be otherwise called _____
9 The forward and backward interpolation formula of Newton can be used only when the values of
independent variable 𝑥 are _____
10 The values of independent variable are not equally spaced and the differences of dependent variable
are not small then we will use _____
11 The process of finding 𝑥 given 𝑦 is called _____
12 Newton’s interpolation formulae are not suited to estimate the value of the function near the _____
13 Newton’s forward and Newton’s backward interpolation formulae is applicable for interpolation near
the _____and _____ respectively of tabulated values.
14 The technique for computing the value of the function inside the given argument is called _____
15 The value of 𝑢 is _____where 𝑥0 = 40, 𝑥 = 43 & ℎ = 10 by using Newton’s forward method.
16 The value of 𝑢 is _____where 𝑥0 = 1991 & 𝑥 = 1976 & ℎ = 10 by using Newton’s backward
method.
17 The value of 𝑢 is _____ where 𝑥0 = 1941 & 𝑥 = 1946 & ℎ = 10 by using Newton’s forward
method.
18 The value of u is _____ where 𝑥0 = 90 & 𝑥 = 84 & ℎ = 10 by using Newton’s backward method.
19 The 𝑛𝑡ℎ divided difference of a polynomial of the 𝑛𝑡ℎ degree are _____
20 The divided differences are _____in all their arguments.
21 If 𝑓(3) = 5 & 𝑓(5) = 3 , then the form 𝑓(𝑥) by Lagrange formula is _____
22 If 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 2 for the arguments 1,3 then the divided difference values _____
23 If 𝑓 (𝑥) = 1 then the divided difference value 𝑓(2,3) is _____
𝑥2
24 Newton’s forward difference formula to find (𝑑𝑦 )𝑥=𝑥 is ______
𝑑𝑥 0
25 State Newton’s backward difference formula to find (𝑑𝑦)𝑥=𝑥 is ______
𝑑𝑥 𝑛

PART – A (2 Marks)
1 State Lagrange’s interpolation formula. R
2 Construct the divided difference table for 𝑥 2 5 10 Ap
𝑦 5 29 109
 18

3 What is meant by interpolation? R

4 What are the advantages of Lagrange’s interpolation over Newton’s backward interpolation? R
1
5 Find 𝑓 (𝑎, 𝑏) by using divided difference table if (𝑥) = ? Ap
𝑥

6 Write the formula for inverse Lagrange interpolation. R

7 Write the formula for Newton’s forward difference. R
8 Write the formula for Newton’s backward difference. R
9 Write the formula for Newton’s divided difference interpolation. R
10 𝑑𝑦 𝑑 2𝑦 R
Write the formula for ( )𝑥=𝑥0 and ( 2)𝑥=𝑥0 using Newton’s forward difference formula.
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
11 Construct the divided difference table for the following data. Ap

𝑥 2 3 5
𝑦 0 14 102
12 Find a polynomial for the following data by Newton’s backward difference formula. Ap
𝑥 0 1 2 3

𝑓(𝑥) −3 2 9 18

13 Construct the divide difference table for the following data. Ap

𝑥 −1 0 2 3
𝑓(𝑥) −8 3 1 12

14 Find the polynomial which takes the following values Ap

𝑥 0 1 2
𝑦 1 2 1

1
15 Compute 𝑓 (𝑎, 𝑏) and 𝑓(𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐) by using divided difference if 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2. Ap
16 What is the nature of the 𝑛𝑡ℎ divided difference of a polynomial of 𝑛𝑡ℎ degree? U
17 Find the polynomial through (0, 0), (1, 1), (2, 2) using Lagrange’s interpolation. Ap
PART – B (8 / 16 MARKS)
CLASS WORK PROBLEMS
1 find the value of 𝑦 when x =10 from the following data. Ap
𝑥 5 6 9 11
𝑓(𝑥) 12 13 14 16
2 Apply Lagrange’s formula to find 𝑓 (5), if 𝑓(1) = 2, 𝑓(2) = 4 , 𝑓(3) = 8, 𝑓(7) = 128. Ap
3 Estimate 𝑒1.85 from the following table using Newton’s forward formula. Ap

𝑥 1.7 1.8 1.9 2 2.1 2.2 2.3

𝑒𝑥 5.474 6.050 6.686 7.389 8.166 9.025 9.974
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4 From the table below, find the number of students who secured marks between 40 and 45. Ap
Marks 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80
No.of students 31 42 51 35 31
5 The population of a town in the census is given below. Estimate the population in the year 1895 and Ap
1925. Also estimate increase in the population during this period.
𝑥 1891 1901 1911 1921 1931
𝑓(𝑥) 46 66 81 93 101
6 Find the cubic polynomial which takes the value 𝑦(0) = 1, 𝑦(1) = 0, 𝑦(2) = 1 &𝑦(3) = 10. Ap
Hence obtain 𝑦(4).
7 Find 𝑠𝑖𝑛28°24′ from the following table. Ap
𝜃 25° 26° 27° 28° 29° 30°
sin 𝜃 0.4226 0.4384 0.4540 0.4695 0.4848 0.5000
8 Find tan 0.26 from the following values of tan 𝑥 for 0.10 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 0.30. ℎ = 0.05 Ap
9 Using Newton’s divided difference formula, find the value of 𝑓(2)𝑓(6)𝑓(8)𝑓(9) & 𝑓(15) Ap
given the following data.
𝑥 4 5 7 10 11 13
𝑓(𝑥) 48 100 294 900 1210 2028
10 Find the polynomial equation 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) passing through (-1,3), (0,-6),(3,39), (6,822) and (7,1611) and Ap
hence find 𝑦 when 𝑥 = 2.
1
11 If 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥, find the divided difference of 𝑓(𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑) 𝑜𝑟 ∆3 (𝑎1). Ap

12 Find the value of 𝑥 corresponding to 𝑦 = 100 from the following data Ap

𝑥 1891 1901 1911 1921 1931
𝑓(𝑥) 46 66 81 93 101
13 Find the 1st and 2nd derivatives of the function tabulated below, at the point 𝑥 = 1.5 and 𝑥 = 4. Ap
𝑥 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0
𝑦 3.375 7.000 13.625 24.000 38.875 59.000
HOME WORK PROBLEMS
1. Using Lagrange’s interpolation formula . fit a polynomial to the following data Ap

𝑥 −1 0 2 3
𝑓(𝑥) −8 3 1 12
2 Using Lagrange’s interpolation method from the following data find the value of 𝑥 at 𝑦 = 20 Ap
𝑥 1 2 3 4 7
𝑓(𝑥) 2 4 8 16 128
 20

3 Using Newton’s divided difference formula find the value of 𝑓 (8) and 𝑓(12). Ap
𝑥 4 5 7 10 11 13
𝑓(𝑥) 48 100 294 900 1210 2028
4 Using Newton’s divided difference formula, find 𝑢 (3) given 𝑢 (1) = −26; 𝑢 (2) = 12; Ap
𝑢 (4) = 256; 𝑢 (6) = 844.
5 Estimate the premium for policies maturing at age 46 and 63, given that the half yearly premium for Ap
policies maturing at different ages is,
Age x 45 50 55 60 65
Premium y 114.84 96.16 83.32 74.48 68.48
6 Find the value of 𝑥 at 𝑥 = 5, using Newton’s Backward method from the following data Ap
𝑥 1 2 3 4 7
𝑓(𝑥) 2 4 8 16 128
TUTORIAL PROBLEMS

1 Using Newton’s divided difference, find a polynomial that satisfies this data Ap
𝑓 (0) = 𝑓 (1) = 𝑓(2) = −12; 𝑓(4) = 0, 𝑓(5) = 600 and 𝑓 (7) = 7308 and hence evaluate 𝑓 (6).
2 Find the missing term in the following table using Newton’s forward interpolation formula. Ap
𝑥 0 1 2 3 4
𝑓(𝑥) 1 3 9 − 81
3 Evaluate the values of 𝑦 at 𝑥 = 21 and 𝑥 = 28 from the following data. Ap
𝑥 20 23 26 29
𝑓(𝑥) 0.3420 0.3907 0.4384 0.4848
4 Fit a polynomial using Lagrange’s interpolation formula to the following data Ap

𝑥 −1 0 2 3

𝑓(𝑥) −8 3 1 12

5 Compute 𝑓 ′ (3.5) & 𝑓 " (4) given that 𝑓(0) = 2, 𝑓(1) = 3, 𝑓(2) = 12 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓(5) = 147. using Newton’s Ap
divided difference formula.

PEER TEACHING PROBLEMS

1 Obtain the root of 𝑓(𝑥) = 0 by Lagrange Inverse interpolation if Ap
𝑓 (30) = −30, 𝑓(34) = −13, 𝑓(38) = 3, 𝑓(42) = 18
2 Given 𝑢0 = −4, 𝑢1 = −2, 𝑢4 = 220, 𝑢5 = 546, 𝑢6 = 1148 find 𝑢2 and 𝑢3 Ap
3 Using Newton’s divided difference formula, find 𝑢(3) given 𝑢(1) = −26, Ap
𝑈(2) = 12, 𝑢(4) = 256 and 𝑢(6) = 844
4 Find the value of sec 31° using the following table. Ap
𝑥° 31° 32° 33° 34°
tan 𝑥 0.6008 0.6249 0.6494 0.6745
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5 From the following table, find the area bounded by the curve and the 𝑋 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 from 𝑥 = 7.47 to 𝑥 = Ap
7.58
𝑥 7.47 7.48 7.49 7.50 7.51 7.52
𝑦 1.93 1.95 1.98 2.01 2.03 2.06
6 Find 𝑦(0.96) and 𝑦(0.96) from Ap
𝑥 0.96 0.98 1 1.02 1.04
𝑦 0.7825 0.7739 0.7651 0.7563 0.7473
7 Find 𝑦(0.5), given Ap
𝑥 0 1 2 3 4 5
𝑦 4 8 15 7 6 2
8 The velocity 𝑣 (𝑘𝑚/𝑚𝑖𝑛) of a moped which starts from rest is given that fixed intervals of time ‘𝑡’ Ap
(minutes) as followed
𝑡 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
𝑣 10 18 25 29 32 20 11 5 2 0
Estimate the distance covered in 20 minutes by Simpson’s rule.
HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS (HOTS) PROBLEMS
1 If 𝑦(75) = 246, 𝑦(80) = 202, 𝑦(85) = 118, 𝑦(90) = 40, find 𝑦(79). Ap
2 From the following table of half-yearly premium for policies maturing at different ages, Ap
estimate the premium for policies maturing at age 46 and 63.
𝑥(𝐴𝑔𝑒) 45 50 55 60 65
𝑦(𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑢𝑚) 114.84 96.16 83.32 74.48 68.48
3 𝑑𝑦 𝑑 2𝑦 Ap
Find 𝑑𝑥 and 𝑑𝑥 2 at 𝑥 = 1.1 given
𝑥 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6
𝑦 7.989 8.403 8.781 9.129 9.451 9.75 10.031

Answers for fill in the blanks

1. Interpolation 2. Extrapolation 3. Polynomial function
4. X near end of the table 5. Equal 6. Inverse interpolation
value
7. Newton’s divided 8. Divided difference 9. Equal interval
difference / Lagrange’s
10. Lagrange’s 11. Inverse interpolation 12. Middle
interpolation
13. Beginning & end 14. Interpolation 15. 0.3
16. -1.5 17. 0.4 18. 0.6
19. Constant 20. Independent / 21. 4x-18
symmetrical
22. 1 24. 1 ∆2 𝑦0 ∆3 𝑦0
[∆𝑦0 − + + ⋯]
ℎ 2 3
2 3
23. -5/36 25. 1 ∇ 𝑦𝑛 ∇ 𝑦𝑛
[∇𝑦𝑛 + + +⋯]
ℎ 2 3
 22

SONA COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY (AUTONOMOUS), SALEM – 636 005

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS
QUESTION BANK – U19MAT401A / NUMERICAL AND REGRESSION ANALYSIS
UNIT – III / NUMERICAL INTEGRATION

FILL IN THE BLANKS

1 Error in the Trapezoidal rule is of the order _______
2 Truncation Error in the Simpson’s 1/3 rd rule is _______
3 Simpson’s 1/3 rule is also called a ________ formula.
4 ________number of subintervals must be needed to apply Simpson’s 1/3 rule.
5 Simpson’s 3/8 rule can be applied only if the number of subintervals is a ________
6 In Trapezoidal formula the error for an interval of size h is ________
7 Gauss- Two point formula is exact for polynomials of degree_______
8 Gauss –Three point formula is exact for polynomials of degree ________
9 Simpson’s rule will give exact result when we are ______ the interval h.
10 Trapezoidal rule for evaluating double integral is _______
11 Simpson’s rule for evaluating double integral is _________
12 Romberg’s formula is _______
13 Order of error in Simpson’s formula is ______
14 Trapezoidal rule is_______
15 The Simpson’s 1/3 rule is ________
16 The Simpson’s 3/8 rule is ________

PART – A (2 MARKS)
11 Ap
1 Evaluate ∫1 𝑑𝑥by Trapezoidal rule, dividing the range into 4 equal parts.
2 𝑥

2 Find the forward and backward differences of 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟑, by considering the values of 𝒚 at Ap
𝒙 = 𝟎, 𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟑, 𝟒, 𝟓.
4 Ap
3 Using Simpsons rule, find ∫0 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 given that 𝑒 0 = 1, 𝑒1 = 2.72, 𝑒 2 = 7.39, 𝑒 3 =
20.09, 𝑒 4 = 54.6.
𝑥
What are the limitations on the number of intervals while evaluating∫𝑥 𝑛 𝑓 (𝑥)𝑑𝑥 by Simpson’s Ap
4 0
1/3-rule as well as by Simpson’s 3/8- rule?
5 Why Simpson’s one third rule is called a closed formula? U
6 Explain the geometrical significance of trapezoidal rule. U
𝑏 R
7 State Simpson’s 1/3rd and 3/8 th rule to evaluate ∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 .
𝑥 ℎ R
8 State Romberg’s method to find the value of ∫𝑥 𝑛 𝑓 (𝑥)𝑑𝑥, using ℎ and 2 .
0

10 Write the Simpson’s 3 rule to evaluate ∫𝑎 𝑓 (𝑥)𝑑𝑥 .

𝑏 R
8
11 What are the errors in Trapezoidal and Simpson’s rules of numerical integration? R
1 R
12 State two point Gaussian quadrature formula to evaluate ∫−1 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥.
1
13 Find the value of ∫0 𝑒 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 by using two point Gaussian Quadrature formula. Ap
 23

4 Ap
Evaluate ∫1 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 from the following table by Simpson’s 3/8 rule.
14 𝑥 1 2 3 4
𝑓(𝑥) 1 8 27 64
1 1 Ap
15 Apply Gaussian two point formula to evaluate ∫−1 1+𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥.
1 Ap
16 Apply Gaussian two point formula to evaluate ∫−1 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥.

PART - B (8 MARKS)
CLASS WORK PROBLEMS
1 5.2 Ap
Evaluate ∫ 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 by using (i) Trapezoidal rule (ii) Simpson’s 1/3 rule and (iii) Simpson’s
4
3/8th rule given that
𝑥 4 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.8 5.0 5.2
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 𝑥 1.386 1.435 1.482 1.526 1.569 1.609 1.649
𝜋
2 Evaluate ∫0 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 by dividing the interval into 8 strips using (i) Trapezoidal rule (ii) Ap
Simpson’s 1/3 rule
3 1 𝑑𝑥
Use Romberg’s method to compute ∫0 1+𝑥 2
correct to 4 decimal places (h=0.5, 0.25 and 0.125). Ap
Hence find an approximate value of π.
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
4 Use Romberg’s method to evaluate ∫0 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥, correct to 3 decimal places with ℎ = 2 , 4 , 8 . Ap
5 1 𝑑𝑥 Ap
Evaluate 𝐼 = ∫−1 1+𝑥 2 by two point and three point Gaussian formula and compare with the
exact value.
6 1 𝑑𝑡 Ap
Evaluate 𝐼 = ∫0 1+𝑡
by Gaussian two point and 3 point formula.
𝜋
7 Ap
Evaluate 𝐼 = ∫02 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥, using Gaussian two point formula.
8 1 2 2𝑥𝑦 Ap
Evaluate ∫0 ∫1 (1+𝑥 2)(1+𝑦 2 )
𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 by trapezoidal rule with ℎ = 𝑘 = 0.25.
𝜋 𝜋
9 Ap
Evaluate ∫02 ∫02 √sin(𝑥 + 𝑦) 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 , by numerical double integration using Trapezoidal and
Simpson’s rule with ℎ = 𝑘 = 𝜋⁄4.
10 1.4 2.4 1 Ap
Evaluate ∫1 ∫2 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 using Trapezoidal and Simpson’s rule. Verify your result by actual
𝑥𝑦
integration ℎ = 𝑘 = 0.1.
HOME WORK PROBLEMS
𝜋
1 Find the approximate value of ∫0 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥 by dividing the range into 10 equal parts using Trapezoidal Ap
rule.
2 2 𝑑𝑥 Ap
Evaluate ∫0 4+𝑥 2
using Romberg’s method with ℎ = 1 .
3 1 Ap
Evaluate ∫−1 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 using Gaussian two point and three point formula.
𝜋 𝜋
4 Ap
Evaluate ∫0 ∫0 sin(𝑥 + 𝑦) 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 using Simpson’s rule taking ℎ = 𝑘 = 𝜋/4.
2 2

TUTORIAL PROBLEMS
 24

1 1 𝑑𝑥 1 1 1 Ap
Find the approximate value of ∫0 1+𝑥
by Trapezoidal rule taking h = 1, , ,
2 4 8
and then use Romberg’s method to get more accurate result.
2 1 Ap
Evaluate ∫0 𝑥𝑑𝑥 by Gaussian three point formula.
3 1 1 Ap
Evaluate ∫0 ∫0 e𝑥+𝑦 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 using Trapezoidal and Simpson’s rules with ℎ = 𝑘 = 0.5
4 2 2 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 Ap
Evaluate ∫1 ∫1 𝑥+𝑦
using Trapezoidal rule with ℎ = 𝑘 = 0.5 and ℎ = 𝑘 = 0.25

PEER TEACHING PROBLEMS

1 Calculate cos 1.74 from the following data : Ap
𝑥 1.7 1.74 1.78 1.82 1.86
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 0.9916 0.9857 0.9781 0.9691 0.9584
2 0.8 2
Ap
Evaluate ∫0 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑥 using Romberg’s method with ℎ = 0.1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ℎ = 0.2.
3 1 1 Ap
Evaluate ∫0 ∫0 e𝑥+𝑦 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 using the Trapezoidal and Simpson’s rules with h = k = 0.25
HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS (HOTS)
𝜋
1 Ap
Evaluate ∫02 √𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥, using Trapezoidal rule.
2 0.75 1 Ap
Evaluate ∫0.5 𝑒 −𝑥 √𝑥 𝑑𝑥,taking 5 ordinates, by simpson’s rule.
3
Answers For Fill in the blanks
1. ℎ2 2. ℎ4 3. Simpson’s formula
4. Even 5. Multiples of 3 6. 2
7. Upto 3 8. Upto 5 9. Reduce the interval h
𝑦2 𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑥2
10. 11. 12. Using trapezoidal rule with two
∫ ∫ 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 ∫ ∫ 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 different sub-intervals.
𝑦0 𝑥0 𝑦0 𝑥0
𝐼 −𝐼1
𝐼 = 𝐼2 + ( 2 )
= ℎ𝑘⁄4 [(𝑓00 + 𝑓02 + 𝑓20 + 𝑓22 ) 𝑓00 2

= ℎ𝑘⁄9 [( +𝑓02 + ) 13. ℎ 4

+ 2(𝑓01 + 𝑓10 +𝑓12 + 𝑓21 ) 𝑓20 + 𝑓22
+ 4(𝑓11 )]
+ 4(𝑓01 + 𝑓10 +𝑓12 + 𝑓21 )
+ 16(𝑓11 )]
𝑥𝑛
14.
∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = ℎ⁄2 [(𝑦0 + 𝑦𝑛 ) + 2(𝑦1 + 𝑦2 + ⋯ + 𝑦𝑛−1 )]
𝑥0
𝑥𝑛
15.
∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = ℎ⁄3 [(𝑦0 + 𝑦𝑛 ) + 4(𝑦1 + 𝑦3 + ⋯ + 𝑦𝑛−1) + 2(𝑦2 + 𝑦4 + ⋯ + 𝑦𝑛−2)]
𝑥0
𝑥𝑛
16.
∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = 3ℎ⁄8 [(𝑦0 + 𝑦𝑛 ) + 3(𝑦1 + 𝑦2 + 𝑦4 + ⋯ ) + 2(𝑦3 + 𝑦6 + 𝑦9 … )]
𝑥0