SYLLABUS

CBSE Class - 12th

Unit III: Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism 22 Periods
Chapter– 4: Moving Charges and Magetism
Concept of magnetic field, Oersted's experiment , Biot - Savart law and its application to current carrying
circular loop, ampere's law and its applications to infinitely long straight wire, straight and toroidal solenoids
(only qualitative treatment), force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields, cyclotron, force
on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field, force between two parallel current-carrying
conductors-definition of ampere, torque experienced by a current loop in uniform magnetic field; moving coil
galvanometer-its current sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter.
Chapter–5: Magnetism and Matter
Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment, magnetic dipole moment of a revolving
electron, magnetic field intensity due to a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) along its axis and perpendicular to its
axis, torque on a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) in a uniform magnetic field; bar magnet as an equivalent
solenoid, magnetic field lines; earth's magnetic field and magnetic elements. Para-, dia- and ferro - magnetic
substances, with examples. Electromagnets and factors affecting their strengths, permanent magnets.

Unit IV: Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents 20 Periods

Chapter–6: Electromagnetic Induction
Electromagnetic induction; Faraday's laws, induced EMF and current; Lenz's Law, Eddy currents. Self and
mutual induction.

Chapter–7: Alternating Current

Alternating currents, peak and RMSvalue of alternating current/voltage; reactance and impedance; LC
oscillations (qualitative treatment only), LCR series circuit, resonance; power in AC circuits, wattless current.
AC generator and transformer.
Unit V: Electromagnetic waves 04 Periods
Chapter–8: Electromagnetic Waves
Basic idea of displacement current, Electromagnetic waves, their characteristics, their Transverse nature
(qualitative ideas only). Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-
rays, gamma rays) including elementary facts about their uses.

ISC Class - 12th

3. Magnetism
(i) Magnetic field B, definition from magnetic force on a moving charge; magnetic field lines; magnetic field
and magnetic flux density; the earth's magnetic field and magnetic elements; Magnetic field of a magnetic
dipole. (ii) Properties of dia, para and ferromagnetic substances; susceptibility and relative permeability,
hysteresis.

4. Electromagnetism
(i) Oersted's experiment; Biot-Savart law, the tesla; magnetic field near a long straight wire, at the centre of a
circular loop, and at a point on the axis of a circular coil carrying current. Amperes circuital law and its
application to obtain magnetic field due to a long straight wire and a solenoid. (ii) Force on a moving charge in
a magnetic field; force on a current carrying conductor kept in a magnetic field; force between two long and
parallel current carrying wires; definition of ampere based on the force between two current carrying wires.
Cyclotron. (iii) A current loop as a magnetic dipole; magnetic dipole moment; torque on a current loop
(magnetic dipole); moving coil galvanometer. (iv) Electromagnetic induction, magnetic flux and induced
emf; Faraday's laws and Lenz's law, motional emf; eddy currents. (v) Mutual and self inductance: the henry.
Growth and decay of current in LR and RC circuits (dc) (graphical approach), time constant. Transformer. (vi)
Simple a.c. generators. Basic differences between a.c. and d.c.

5. Alternating Current Circuits

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(i) Change of voltage and current with time, phase; peak and rms values of voltage and current; their relation in
sinusoidal case. (ii) Variation of voltage and current in a.c. circuits consisting of only a resistor, only an inductor
and only a capacitor (phasor representation), phase lag and phase lead. (iii) The LCR series circuit: phasor
diagram, expression for V or I; phase lag/lead; impedance of a series LCR circuit (arrived at by phasor
diagram); Special cases for RL and RC circuits. (iv) Power P associated with LCR circuit = ½VoIo cosφ =VrmsIrms
2
cosφ = Irms R; power absorbed and power dissipated; choke coil (choke and starter); electrical resonance;
bandwidth of signals and Q factor; oscillations in an LC circuit (ω = 1/√LC).

AIPMT
UNIT III: Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism
Concept of magnetic field, Oersted's experiment. Biot-Savart law and its application to current carrying
circular loop. Ampere's law and its applications to infinitely long straight wire, straight and toroidal solenoids.
Force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields. Cyclotron. Force on a current-carrying
conductor in a uniform magnetic field. Force between two parallel current-carrying conductors-definition of
ampere. Torque experienced by a current loop in a magnetic field; moving coil galvanometer-its current
sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter. Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole
moment. Magnetic dipole moment of a revolving electron. Magnetic field intensity due to a magnetic dipole
(bar magnet) along its axis and perpendicular to its axis. Torque on a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) in a uniform
magnetic field; bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid, magnetic field lines; Earth's magnetic field and magnetic
elements. Para-, dia-and ferro-magnetic substances, with examples. Electromagnetic and factors affecting their
strengths. Permanent magnets.

UNIT IV: Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents

Electromagnetic induction; Faraday's law, induced emf and current; Lenz's Law, Eddy currents. Self and
mutual inductance. Alternating currents, peak and rms value of alternating current/ voltage; reactance and
impedance; LC oscillations (qualitative treatment only), LCR series circuit, resonance; power in AC circuits,
wattles current. AC generator and transformer.

UNIT V: Electromagnetic Waves

Need for displacement current. Electromagnetic waves and their characteristics (qualitative ideas only).
Transverse nature of electromagnetic waves. Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared,
visible, ultraviolet, x-rays, gamma rays) including elementary facts about their uses.

W.B. JEE

Magnetic effect of current : Concept of magnetic field, Oersted's experiment, Biot – Savart law & its
application to current carrying circular loop; Ampere's law & its applications to infinitely long straight wire,
straight and toroidal solenoids; force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic & electric fields, cyclotron
frequency; force on a current – carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field, force between two parallel
current – carrying conductors– definition of ampere. Torque experienced by a current loop in a uniform
magnetic field; moving coil galvanometer-its current sensitivity & conversion to ammeter & voltmeter, Inter-
conversion of voltmeter & ammeter & change of their ranges.
Magnetics : Current loop as a magnetic dipole & its magnetic dipole moment, magnetic dipole moment of a
revolving electron, magnetic field intensity due to a magnetic dipole bar magnet along its axis & perpendicular
to its axis, torque on a magnetic dipole ( bar magnet ) in a uniform magnetic field; magnet as an equivalent
solenoid, magnetic field lines; Earth's magnetic field & its magnetic elements. para-, dia- & ferro- magnetic
substances, with examples. Electromagnets & the factors affecting their strengths, permanent magnets.
Electromagnetic induction & alternating current : Electromagnetic induction; Faraday's laws, induced emf
& current; Lenz's Law, eddy currents, self & mutual induction, alternating currents, peak and rms value of
alternating current and voltage; reactance and impedance; LR & CR circuits, phase lag & lead, LCR series
circuit, resonance; power in AC circuits, wattless current.
Electromagnetic waves : Electromagnetic waves and their characteristics ( qualitative ideas only ), transverse
nature of electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic spectrum, applications of the waves from the different parts
of the spectrum.

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad 9334350306, 9431502119 P-2

 IIT JEE
Mains

UNIT 13: Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism

Biot - Savart law and its application to current carrying circular loop. Ampere's law and its applications to
infinitely long current carrying straight wire and solenoid. Force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and
electric fields. Cyclotron. Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field. Force between
two parallel current-carrying conductors-definition of ampere. Torque experienced by a current loop in
uniform magnetic field; Moving coil galvanometer, its current sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and
voltmeter. Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment. Bar magnet as an equivalent
solenoid, magnetic field lines; Earth's magnetic field and magnetic elements. Para-, dia- and ferro- magnetic
substances. Magnetic susceptibility and permeability, Hysteresis, Electromagnets and permanent magnets.
UNIT 14: Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents
Electromagnetic induction; Faraday's law, induced emf and current; Lenz's Law, Eddy currents. Self and
mutual inductance. Alternating currents, peak and rms value of alternating current/ voltage; reactance and
impedance; LCR series circuit, resonance; Quality factor, power in AC circuits, wattless current. AC generator
and transformer.
UNIT 15: Electromagnetic Waves
Electromagnetic waves and their characteristics. Transverse nature of electromagnetic waves.
Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, Xrays, gamma rays).
Applications of e.m. waves.

Advance
Biot–Savart's law and Ampere's law; Magnetic field near a current-carrying straight wire, along the axis of a
circular coil and inside a long straight solenoid; Force on a moving charge and on a current-carrying wire in a
uniform magnetic field. Magnetic moment of a current loop; Effect of a uniform magnetic field on a current
loop; Moving coil galvanometer, voltmeter, ammeter and their conversions. Electromagnetic induction:
Faraday's law, Lenz's law; Self and mutual inductance; RC, LR and LC circuits with D.C. and A.C. sources.

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad 9334350306, 9431502119 P-3

 SECTION - A r
1. (i) A particle of charge 2C andrmass 4kg , was moving in an uniform magnetic field B = (2î + 3ĵ + 4k̂).T
If velocity of particle was V = (-î + ĵ - k̂) m/s , find force and acceleration of particle.

(ii) A charge particle was moving in x-y plane. If velocity of particle was (2î + 3ĵ) m/s and
acceleration was (aî - ĵ) m/s2, then find a.

(iii) A charge particle having charge q0 and mass m, is moving in gravitational as will as magnetic
field . If a constant magnetic field B0 is present in east direction, then find minimum speed and
its direction for which charge particle will move in a straight line, with uniform velocity.

2. (i) A charge particle of charge 3C , has given a velocity of 10 m/s, in uniform magnetic field 15 T,
perpendicular to magnetic field. Find (a) path of particle (b) Radius, time period and angular
velocity of particle (c) Side wise deflection of particle , when particle will move 4p / 36m.
Mass of particle is 2kg.

(ii) A charge of particle of charge 2C, mass 2kg, has given a velocity 10m/s, in a magnetic field of
10T. If angle between magnetic field and initial velocity is 30° , find (a) Path of particle (b)
Radius of circle (c) Time period (d) Pitch length .
r
(iii) A particle of charge 2C, has given a velocity V = (2î + 3 ĵ + 5k̂) m/s , in an uniform magnetic
r
field B = (-î - ĵ + k̂) T . If mass of particle is 2kg. Find (a) Path of particle (b) Radius of circle
(c) Angular velocity of particle (d)Time period of rotation.
r
(iv) A particle of charge 1C and mass 1kg has given a velocity V = (2î + ĵ + k̂) m/s . In an uniform
r
magnetic field B = (2î - ĵ + k̂) T . Find (a) Path of particle (b) Time period for rotation (c)
Radius of circle (d) Pitch length of rotation.

(v) A particle of charge 2C and mass 2kg has given a velocity V r

r = (î + 2 ĵ + 2k̂) m/s in magnetic
field B = (- î - ĵ - k̂) T (a) Path of particle (b) Time period of particle (c) Radius of circle (d)
Pitch length.

3. (i) A uniform magnetic field B = B0 T is acting inside the plane of paper

as shown in figure. Three charge particles q0, 2q0 and -3q0 having Ä B0.
mass m, 2m and 2m respectively, given a velocities, v0, 2v0 and 3v0
from point A. (a) Draw trajectory of charge particles (b) Which
charge particle will come back to point A initially (c)Find radius of
circle covered by charge particles (d) Time period of circle. A

(ii) A charge particle q, having mass m has given a velocity v0,at an angle P
q, as shown in figure. An uniform magnetic field B0 , is present right Ä B0.
side of long line PK. (a) Draw trajectory of particle (b) Find angle
between final velocity and initial velocity (c) Total distance covered q A
by particle in region of magnetic field (d) Time, for which particle >
will be in magnetic field . v0
K

(iii) A charge particle q, having mass m, has given a velocity v0 at A L D

point O, in a magnetic field of region AB CD. Magnetic field has
constant magnitude B0, inside the plane of paper. If L = mv0 / 2qB0, P
find (a) Angle q, at which particle will leave the field (b) If L is just v0 q
O
greater than mv0 / qB0 , find time taken by particle for which it will Ä
inside the field (c) In part (b) find angle between emergent velocity B0. C
B
and incident velocity.
q v0
(iv) A uniform magnetic field B = B0 T, is acting outside the plane of B0
paper q0 as shown in the figure. Two identical +ve charge particles, a
having charge q, mass m are projected simultaneously with velocity v0 q
a

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 v0 , as shown in figure. Find maximum value of ‘a’ for which, charge particles
just collide with each other.

(v) From an electron gun, electrons are projected at a speed V0, at an a

angle q from axis, as shown in figure. A constant magnetic field B0
is present along axis of gun. Calculate (a) Minimum distance ‘a’, at EG B0
> T
which target T is placed, to hit by electrons (b) If electrons are q v0
projected at different angle q, then prove that, all the electron which
are ejected at very small angle q , will refocus at one point on axis, a
and also calculated that refocus distance from electron gun.

(vi) A charge particle q0 is projected with a velocity v0, in a narrow

v0 q
region of uniform magnetic field B0, as shown in figure. Find angle
q at which charge particle will, leave the field. Ä
B0.
4. (i) A current carrying straight wire, having current 4A and length 2m, is placed is an uniform
magnetic field of 10 T. Find force acting on wire, if (a) Wire is placed along the magnetic field
(b) Wire is placed at an angle of 30° with field (c) Wire is perpendicular to field.

(ii) In a straight wire, having initial and final points at (1, 2, 3) and (6, 5, 4) respectively, have a
current of 4A. The given wire is placed in an uniform magnetic field B r
= 2 î + 3ĵ + 4k̂ T . Find
force acting on wire.

(iii) In a straight wire having current 2A and initial and final points at (2, 4, 6) and (3, 2, -4), is
placed in uniform magnetic field Br
= (î - ĵ + k̂) T . Find force acting on the wire.
5. (i) A circular wire, having radius 1m and have a current of 2A, is placed perpendicular to magnetic
field of B0= 10T. Find net force acting on wire.

(ii) A close wire of arbitrary shape and have a current I0 = 2A, is placed in uniform magnetic field
B0 = 5T. Find net force acting on wire.

(iii) A semicircular wire of diameter 4m, is placed in uniform magnetic field of B0 = 5T , as shown
in figure. Find net force acting on wire.

(iv) A wire of circular shape (radius 2m), have a current of I1 = 2A and I2 = 4A, is placed in uniform
magnetic field of B = 15T as shown in figure. Find net force acting on wire.

(v) A wire of radius R = 2m, is placed in uniform magnetic field of 10T, as shown in figure. If
current I1 = 3A and I2= 4A is flowing in wire, find net force acting on wire.

> I = 2A >
2A
I = 2A
Ä B0. Ä B0
>

ÄB
4m
Fig 5-(i) Fig 5-(ii)
Fig 5-(iii)
> I1
ÄB . 0
>

I1 300
> Ä >
> B0.
I2 >
>

I1+I2
>

I1+I2 I2
Fig 5-(v) Fig 5-(iv)

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad 9334350306, 9431502119 P-5

 (vi) A wire is placed along the complete line AB - BC - CD - DH , with A F
length of each side as 2m. The entire frame is placed in an uniform G E
magnetic field, with magnitude as 10T and directed along AD. Find 2A

force acting on (a) AB (b) BC (c) CD (d) DH and (e) on entire shape. B H
Consider current in the loop as 2 A.
C D
(vii) A wire having parabolic shape, with initial and final coordinate at (1, -1, 2) and (8, 9, 10). This
r
frame is placed in an uniform magnetic field B = 2î + 3 ĵ + 4k̂ . Find net force acting on the
wire. B= B 0

(viii) A circular wire of radius ‘a’, is placed in a magnetic field , having

intensity B0 and its direction is radially out ward , as shown in figure.

>
Find tension in the wire. I

6. (i) A charge particle q , is moving along the circle of radius R in anti-clock wise sense , with
angular velocity w. Find magnetic moment associated with the point charge.

(ii) Consider a uniformly charged circular wire , having charge per unit length l and radius R . The
wire is rotated with angular velocity w, about cylindrical axis. Find magnetic moment
associated with the wire.

(iii) Consider a uniformly charged disc , having charge per unit area s and radius R. The disc is
rotated about cylindrical axis , with angular velocity w. Find magnetic moment associated with
the disc. y

b
(iv) Consider a rectangular wire frame , having side length a and b
a

>
respectively, and current in the frame is I , as shown in the figure. Find I
magnetic moment vector associated with the frame. x
q

Y F
A
(v) Consider a wire frame ABCDEFA , with current I, as shown in I
>
figure. Find magnetic moment associated with the frame. B E
X

C D
Y H
(vi) Consider a three dimensional wire frame ABCDEFGHA ,with A
current as I. Find magnetic moment associated with the frame . D
E
>

I
Given that length of each segment as ‘a’ .
G X
B

C F
Z I = 4A
Y
7. (i) Consider a rectangular loop , having length 2m and 3m respectively. >
I
there are 5 turns in the loop and loop is placed in an uniform magnetic
>

>

field of 10T towards +ve x direction. Find net torque acting on the loop 3m
, about y-axis , by basic method. X
2m

(ii) Consider a current carrying circular loop , having radius 3m, current I = Z Y
5A and 6 turns. Loop is placed in x-y plane, with center at origin. Find
torque acting on the loop, if it is placed in an uniform magnetic field of > I
10T along x-axis. X

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad 9334350306, 9431502119 P-6

 (iii) Consider a circular wire loop , having radius 2m, current 3A and 4 number of terns in the loop.
(iˆ + ˆj + kˆ)
If unit vector , along area vector of loop , is and loop is placed in an uniform magnetic
r 3
field B = (2iˆ + 3 ˆj + 4kˆ) T . Find net torque acting on the loop.

8. (i) In a region , an uniform electric and magnetic field was present , along same direction and
having magnitude E0 and B0 , respectively. A charged particle q0 , has given a velocity V0,
opposite to magnetic field. Find (a) Path of charged particle (b) Acceleration of charged
particle (c) Velocity of charged particle after time t.

(ii) Consider a region of uniform electric and magnetic field , 9N/c and 1.5T respectively, along

same direction. A charged particle æç having m = 9 kg/c has

ö given an initial speed Ö29 m/s,
÷÷
ç q 4π
-1
è ø
at an angle q = tan (2/5) , from electric field. Find (a) Path of particle (b) 2nd and 8th pitch
length of helix made by particle.

(iii) Consider a region of uniform electric and magnetic field , (6/p) N/C and 4 T , respectively
along same direction. A charged particle (having m/q = 4/pkg/c) has given an initial speed
10m/s , at and angle 37° with the electric field. Find (a) Path of particle (b) 3rd, 7th and 9th
pitch length of helix made by particle.

(v) Consider a region of uniform electric and magnetic field , 6/p N/c and 3T , respectively along
same direction. A charged particle (having m/q =3/2p kg/c)has given an initial speed
(100/3)m/s , at an angle of 127° with electric field. Find (a) Path of particle (b) 2nd and 4th
pitch length (c) Which pitch length will be 10m ?

(vi) In all the problems , from 8 (ii) to 8 (v), consider electric field and magnetic field along Z-
axis, particle is moving in anti-clock wise sense and particle was initially on -ve Y- axis. Also
consider , center of all circular path on Z- axis. Find velocity vector and position vector of
particle at time t. Also frame the equation for work energy theorem from time 0 to t.
r r
(vii) In an region , there was a uniform electric and Emagnetic = E 0 ˆi and B = B0 ˆj ,
field
, respectively . A charged particle , having charge q0 and mass m, has given an initial
r ˆ ˆ ˆ
vvelocity
i = v1 i + v 2 j + v 3 k
Find (a) Speed of particle after time t , when its coordinate will be (x, y,
z). (b) Frame all the differential equation. (c) Find velocity of particle , along y axis after time t.
(d) Find relation between vx and vz , where vx and vz are speed of particle after general time t ,
along x - axis and z - axis , respectively. Assume , particle was at origin, initially.
r
(viii) A charged r r
E = E1ˆi +particle
E 2 ˆj + Eof3 kˆ charge
and B =q Band
ˆ mass m is moving in electric
0j v i = v1ˆiand
+ v 2magnetic
ˆj + v kˆ
3
field . Initial velocity of particle is .
Find (a) Velocity of particle after time t. (b) Speed of particle when , it will be at (x, y, z) (c)
Frame all differential equation.

9. (i) Find force acting , per unit length , between following two infinite wires.

d d d d
(a) I (b) I (c) I (d) I
>
>
>
>

I2
>
>

I2
>

>

1 I2 1 1 I2 1

(ii) Find force acting per unit length in the infinite will, which is in plane of take .

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad 9334350306, 9431502119 P-7

 10 (i) The given circular wire is uniform. Radius of circular is R. Current I is
going in to circle and coming out from circle. Find net magnetic field 0
intensity at circle of centre. q

>
I

>
(ii) A current flows along a thin wire shaped as a regular polygon with n sides, which can be in
scribed into a circle of radius R. Find the magnitude field intensity at the centre of the
polygon.

(iii) Find the magnetic induction at the centre of a rectangular wire frame whose diagonal is equal
to d = 16 cm and the angle between the diagonals is equal to j = 30°, the current flowing in the
frame equals I = 5.0 A.

(iv) A current I = 5.0 A flows along a thin wire shaped as shown in Fig (a) . The radius of a curved
part of the wire is equal to R = 120 mm. The angle 2j = 90°. Find te magnetic induction of the
field at the point 0.

(v) Find the magnetic induction of the field at the point of a loop with current I, whose shape is
illustrated of the field at the point of a loop with current I, whose shape is illustrated (a) In
the given figure (b) the radii a and b, as well as the angle j are know.

(vi) In the given figure (c) the radius a and the side b are know. b
>

>
I
>
>

>
b
(a) (b) (c)
>

0 j a
>

>
a 0
>
2j R 0
>
(vii) A current I flows in the long straight wire with cross-section having 0
the form of a thin half-ring of radius F in the given figure. Find the R
induction of the magnetic field at the point 0.

(viii) Find the magnetic induction of the field at the point 0 if a current - carrying wire has the
shape shown in figure. The radius of the curved part of te wire is R, the linear parts are
assumed to be ver long. R R >
R R R
>
0
> 0
> 0
> >
>

(ix) A very long wire carrying a current I = 5.0 A is bent at right angles. Find the magnetic
induction at a point lying on a perpendicular to the wire, drawn through the point of bending,
at a distance I = 35 cm from t.

(x) Find the magnetic induction at the point 0 if the wire carrying a current I = 8.0 A has the shape
shown in figure. The radius of the curved part of the wire is R = 100 mm, the linear parts of te
wire are very long.
Z Z
Z

R 0 R 0
x x
R 0
x
>
>

>

>
>

>

I I
I

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad 9334350306, 9431502119 P-8

 SECTION - B
1. (i) An experimenter' s diary reads as follows : " a charged particle is projected in a magnetic field of
r r r r
(7.0 i - 3.0 j ) ´ 10- 3 T. The aceleratiion of the particle is found to be (x i + 7.0 j ) ´ 10- 6 m/s 2 .¢¢
r
The number to the left of i in the last expression was not readable. What can this number be?
(ii) When a proton is released form rest in a room, it starts with an initial acceleration a0 towards west. When
it is projected towards north with a speed V0 , it moves with an initial acceleration 3a0 towards west.
Find the electric field and the maximum possible magnetic field in the room.

(iii) A uniform magnetic field of magnitude 0.20 T exists in space from east to west. With what speed should
a particle of mass 0.010 g and having a charge 1.0 ´ 10-5 C be projected from south to north so that it
moves with a uniform velocity?

2. (i) A 10 g bullet having a charge of 4.00mC is fired at a speed of 270 m/s in a horizontal direction. A vertical
magnetic field of 500 mT exists in the space. Find the deflection of the bullet due to the magnetic field
as it travels through 100 m. Make appropriate approximations.

(ii) An electron is projected horizontally with a kinetic energy of 10 keV. A magnetic field of strength 1.0 ´
-7
10 T exists in the vertically upward direction. (a) Will the electron deflect towards right or towards left
of its motion? (b) Calculate the sideways deflection of the electron in travelling through 1 m. Make
appropriate approximations.

(iii) A narrow beam of singly-charged potassium ions of kinetic energy

32 keV is injected into a region of width 1.00 cm having a magnetic ´ ´

field of strength 0.500 T as shown in figure. The ions are collected at ´ ´

a screen 95.5 cm away from the field region. If the beam contains
isotopes of atomic weights 39 and 41, find the separation between ´B ´

the points where these isotopes strike the screen. Take the mass of a ´ ´
potassium ion = A (1.6 ´ 10-27 ) kg where A is the mass number. 1cm 95.5 cm

3. (i) A wire of length l carries a current i along the X - axis . A magnitic field exists which is given
r r r
as B = B0 ( i + j + k) T. Find the magnetidue of the magnetic force acting on the wire.
. . . . .
(ii) A current of 2 A enters at the corner d of a square frame abcd of side d c
20 cm and leaves at the opposite corner b. A magnetic field B = 0.1 T . . . . .
exists in the space in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the
frame as shown in figure. Find te magnitude and direction of the . . . . .
magnetic forces on the four sides of the frame. a b.
. . . .
(iii) A straight horizontal wire of mass 10 mg and length 1.0 m carries a current of 2.0 A. What minimum
magnetic field B should be applied in the region so that the magnetic force on the wire may balance its
weight ?

(iv) A straight wire of length l can slide on two parallel plastic rails kept in a horizontal plane with a
separation d. The coefficient of friction between the wire and the rails is m. If the wire carries a current i,
what minimum magnetic field should exist in the space in order to slide the wire on the rails.
. . . . .
(v) Two metal strips, each of length l, are clamped parallel to each
other on a horizontal floor with a separation b between them. A
wire of mass m lies on them perpendicularly as shown in figure. A s
. . . . .
b
vertically upward magnetic field of strength B exists in the space
. The metal strips are smooth but the coefficient of friction . . . . .
l

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 between the wire and the floor is m. A current i is established when the switch S is closed at the instant t
= 0. Discuss the motion of the wire after the switch is closed . How far away from the strips will the wire
reach?

4. (i) A circular loop of radius a, carrying a current i, is placed in a two-

dimensional magnetic field. The centre of the loop coincides with the
centre of the field as shown in the given figure . The strength of the i
a
magnetic field at the periphery of the loop is B. Find the magnetic force on B
the wire.

r r
(ii) A hypothetical magnetic field existing in a region is given by B = Bu er , where er denote the
unit vector along the radial direction. A circular loop of radius a, carrying a current i, is placed
with its plane parallel to the X - Y plane and the centre at (0, 0, d). Find the magnitude of the
magnetic, force acting on the loop.

5. (i) Prove that the force acting on a current-carrying wire, joining two fixed points a and b in a uniform
magnetic field, is independent of the shape of the wire.

æ 2π ö
(ii) A wire , carrying a current I, is kept in the X-Y plane along the curve y = A sin ç x ÷. A magnetic
è λ ø
field B exists in the z-direction . Find the magnitude of the magnetic force on the portion of the wire
between x = 0 and x = l.
´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

(iii) A rigid wire consists of a semicircular portion of radius R and two

´ ´ ´ R´ ´ ´
straight sections as shown in figure. The wire is partially immersed in a
perpendicular magnetic field B as shown in the figure. Find the magnetic
force on the wire, if it carries a current i. ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
i

´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

´ ´ ´ ´
6. (i) The given figure shows, a circular wire-loop of radius a, carrying a current i,
placed in a perpendicular magnetic field B. (a) Consider a small part dl of the ´ ´ ´ ´
wire . Find the force on this part dl of the wire exerted by the magnetic field . (b) a
i
Find the force of compression in the wire. ´ ´ ´ ´

B´ ´ ´ ´

(ii) Suppose that the radius of cross-section of the wire used in the previous problem is r. Find the increase
in the radius of the loop if the magnetic field is switched off. The young’s modulus of the material of the
wire is Y.

7. (i) A rectangular wire-loop of width ‘a’ is suspended from the insulated

pan of a spring balance, as shown in figure . A current i exists in the
anticlockwise direction in the loop. A magnetic field B exists in the
lower region. Find the change in the tension of the spring, if the ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
current in the loop is reversed.
´ ´ ´ ´ ´ B

´ ´ ´ ´ ´
a
´ ´ ´ ´ ´

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad 9334350306, 9431502119 P-10

 r x ör
(ii) The magnetic field existing in a region is given by B = B0 æç1 + ÷k . A square loop of edge l and
è lø
carrying a current i, is placed with its edge parallel to the X-Y axes. Find the magnitude of net magnetic
force experience by the loop.

8. (i) A conducting wire of length l , lying normal to a magnetic field B, moves with a
´ ´ ´ ´
velocity v as shown in figure. (a) Find the average magnetic force on a free
electron of the wire. (b) Due to this magnetic force, electrons concentrate at one ´ ´l ´
v ´
end resulting in an electric field inside the wire. The redistribution stops when the
electric force on the free electrons balances the magnetic force. Find the electric ´ ´ ´ ´B
field developed inside the wire when the redistribution stops. (c) What potential
difference is developed between the ends of the wire ?
´ ´ ´ ´ ´
(ii) A current i is passed through a silver strip of width d and area of
cross-section A. The number of free electrons per unit volume is n. ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
(a) Find the drift velocity v of the electrons (b) If a magnetic field B d
i
exists in the region as shown in figure , what is the average magnetic ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
force on the free electrons ? (c) Due to the magnetic force , the free
´ ´ ´ ´ ´
electrons get accumulated on one side of the conductor
along its length . This produces a transverse electric field in the conductor which opposes the magnetic
force on the electrons. Find the magnitude of the electric field which will stop further accumulation of
electrons. (d) What will be the potential difference developed across the width of the conductor due to
the electron-accumulation ? The appearance of a transverse emf, when a current-carrying wire is
placed in a magnetic field, is called Hall effect.

9. (i) A proton describes a circle of radius 1 cm in a magnetic field of strength 0.10 T. What would be the
radius of the circle described by an a-particle moving with the same speed in the same magnetic field?

(ii) A charged particle is accelerated through a potential difference of 12 kV and acquires a speed of 1.0 ´
106 m/s . It is then injected perpendicularly into a magnetic field of strength 0.2 T. Find the radius of the
circle described by it.

(iii) A particle of mass m and positive charge q, moving with a uniform v

q
velocity v, enters a magnetic field B as shown in figure. (a) Find the ´ ´ ´ ´
radius of the circular arc it describes in the magnetic field. (b) Find the
angle subtended by the arc at the centre. (c) How long does the particle ´ ´ ´B ´
stay inside the magnetic field? (d) Solve the three parts of the above
problem if the charge q on the particle is negatives. ´ ´ ´ ´

(iv) Two particles, each having a mass m are placed at a separation d in a ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

uniform magnetic field B as shown in figure. They have opposite
charges of equal magnitude q. At time t = 0 , the particles are projected ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
q v v -q
towards each other, each with a speed v. Suppose the Coulomb force
´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
between the charges is switched off. (a) Find the maximum value vm of
d
the projection speed so that the two particles do not collide. (b) What ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
would be the minimum and maximum separation between the
particles if v = vm/2? (c) At what instant will a collision occur between the particles, if v = 2vm? (d)
Suppose v = 2vm and the collision between the particles is completely inelastic. Describe the motion
after the collision.

(v) The given figure shows , a convex lens of focal length 12 cm lying in a
B
uniform magnetic field B of magnitude 1.2 T parallel to its principal
axis. A particle having a charge 2.0 ´ 10-3C and mass 2.0 ´ 10-5 kg is
projected perpendicular to the plane of the diagram with a speed of 4.8 P
m/s. The particle moves along a circle with its centre on the principal

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad 9334350306, 9431502119 P-11

 axis at a distance of 18 cm from the lens . Show that the image of the particle goes along a circle and find
the radius of that circle.

(vi) A particle of mass m and charge q is projected into a region having a d

perpendicular magnetic field B. Find the angle of deviation (in the ´ ´ ´ q
figure) of the particle as it comes out of the magnetic field if the
´ ´ ´
width d of the region is very slightly smaller than .
mv mv 2mv ´B ´ ´
(a) (b) (c)
qB 2qB qB

(vii) A narrow beam of singly - charged carbon ions, moving at a constant ´ ´ ´

velocity of 6.0 ´ 104 m/s , is sent perpendicularly in a rectangular
region having uniform magnetic field B = 0.5 T (in the figure) . It is ´ ´ ´

found that two beams emerge from the field in the backward direction
´ ´ ´
, the separations from the incident beam being 3.0 cm and 3.5 cm.
Identify the isotopes present in the ion beam. Take the mass of an ion ´ ´ ´
= A (1.6 ´ 10-27) kg. where A is the mass number.

(viii) Electrons emitted with negligible speed from an electron gun are accelerated through a potential
difference V along the x-axis . These electrons emerge from a narrow hole into a uniform magnetic
field B directed along this axis . However , some of the electrons emerging from the hole make slightly
divergent angles as shown in figure. Show that these paraxial electrons are refocused on the x-axis at a
2
distance 8π mV
eB2 x-axis
B
V

10. (i) A proton goes undeflected in a crossed electric and magnetic field (the fields are perpendicular to each
other) at a speed of 2.0 ´ 105 m/s . The velocity is perpendicular to both the fields. When the electric
field is switched off, the proton moves along a circle of radius 4.0 cm. Find the magnitudes of the
-27
electric and the magnetic fields. Take the mass of the proton = 1.6 ´ 10 kg.

(ii) A particle having mass m and charge q is released from the origin in a region in which electric field and
magnetic field are given by
r r
B = - B0 Ĵ and E = E 0 k̂.
Find the speed of the particle as a function of z. coordinate.
´ ´ ´ ´ ´
(iii) An electron is emitted with negligible speed from the negative plate of
a parallel plate capacitor charged to a potential difference V. The ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
separation between the plates is d and a magnetic field B exists in the d
´ ´ ´ ´ ´
space as shown in figure. Show that the electron will fail to strike the
upper plate if. B
1 ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
æ 2m e V ö 2
d > çç 2 ÷
÷
è eB0 ø
11. (i) A rectangular coil of 100 turns has length 5 cm and width 4 cm . It is placed with its plane parallel to a
uniform magnetic field and a current of 2 A is sent through the coil . Find the magnitude of the magnetic
field B, if the torque acting on the coil is 0.2 N - m.

(ii) A circular coil of radius 2.0 cm has 500 turns in it and caries a current of 1.0 A . Its axis makes an angle of
30° with the uniform magnetic field of magnitude 0.40 T that exists in the space. Find the torque acting
I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad 9334350306, 9431502119 P-12
on the coil :

(iii) A circular loop carrying a current i, has wire of total length L. A uniform magnetic field B exists parallel
to the plane of the loop (a) Find the torque on the loop. (b) If the same length of the wire is used to form a
square loop, what would be the torque ? Which is larger?

12. (i) Consider the nonconducting ring of radius r and mass m which has a total charge q distributed
uniformly on it. The ring is rotated about its axis with an angular speed w. (a) Find the equivalent
q
electric current in the ring. (b) Find the magnetic moment m of the ring. (c) Show that μ = l .
2m
Where l is the angular momentum of the ring about its axis of rotation.

(ii) Consider a nonconducting plate of radius r and mass m which has a charge q distributed uniformly over
it. The plate is rotated about its axis with an angular speed w. Show that the magnetic moment m and the
q
angular momentum l of the plate are related as μ = l.
2m
(iii) Consider a solid sphere of radius r and mass m , which has a charge q distributed uniformly over its
volume. The sphere is rotated about a diameter with an angular speed w. Show that the magnetic
q
moment m and the angular momentum l of the sphere are related as μ = l.
2m

13. (i) A copper wire ®of diameter 1.6 mm. caries a carries of 20 A. Find the maximum magnitude of the
magnetic field B due to this current.

(ii) A long, straight wire of radius r carries a current i and is placed horizontally in uniform magnetic field B
pointing vertically upward. The current is uniformly distributed over its cross-section . (a) At what
points will the resultant magnetic field have maximum magnitude? What will be the maximum
magnitude ? (b) What will be the minimum magnitude of the resultant magnetic field?

(iii) A long , vertical wire carrying a current of 10 A in the upward direction is placed in a region where a
-3
horizontal magnetic field of magnitude 2.0 ´ 10 T exists from south to north. Find the point where the
resultant magnetic field is zero.

(iv) A long , cylindrical tube of inner and outer radii a and b carries a current i distributed uniformly over its
cross-section. Find the magnitude of the magnetic field at a point (a) just inside the tube (b) just outside
the tube.
A4
14. (i) The given figure shows, two parallel wires separated by a distance of
4.0 cm and carrying equal currents of 10 A along opposite 2 cm
directions. Find the magnitude of the magnetic field B at the points
A1, A2, A3 and A4. ´
A1 A2 A3
1cm
2cm 2cm

(ii) Four long, straight wires, each carrying a current of 5.0 A, are placed in a Q1 Q2
plane as shown in figure . The points of intersection form a squar of side 5.0
cm. (a) Find the magnetic field at the centre P of the square. (b) Q1, Q2, Q3
and Q4 are points situated on the diagonals of the square and at a distance
P
from P that is equal to the length of the diagonal of the square. Find the
magnetic fields at these points.
Q4 Q3

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad 9334350306, 9431502119 P-13

 (iii) A long , straight wire carries a current i. Let B1 be the magnetic field at a point P at a distance d from the
wire . Consider a section of length l of this wire such that the point P lies on a perpendicular bisector of
the section. Let B2be the magnetic field at this point due to this section only . Find the value of d/l so that
B2 differs from B1 by 1%.
B
15. (i) The given figure shows a square loop ABCD with edge length a.
The resistance of the wire ABC is r and that of ADC is 2r. Find the i i
> A >
magnetic field B at the centre of the loop assuming uniform wires. C

D
(ii) The given figure shows a square loop of edge a made of a uniform wire. A D C >i
current i entres the loop at the point A and leaves it at the point C. Find the
magnetic field at the point P which is on the perpendicular bisector of AB at
a distance a/4. from it. i a/4
> A B
(iii) Consider the situation described in the previous problem. Suppose the current i enters the loop at the
point A and leaves it at the point B. Find the magnetic field at the centre of the loop.

(iv) A long wire carrying a current i is bent to form a plane angle a. Find the magnetic field B at a point on
the bisector of this angle situated at a distance x from the vertex.

16. (i) A regular polygon of n sides is formed by bending a wire of total length 2pr which carries a current i. (a)
Find the magnetic field B at the centre of the polygon. (b) By letting n ® ¥ , deduce the expression for
the magnetic field at the center of a circular current.

(ii) A circular loop of radius r carries a current i. How should a long, straight wire carrying a current 4i, be
placed in the plane of the circle so that the magnetic field at the entre becomes zero?

17. Each of the batteries shown in figure, has an emf equal to

5 V. Show that the magnetic field B at the point P is zero P
for any set of values of the resistances.

18. (i) Three coplanar parallel wires, each carrying a current of 10 A along the same direction, are placed with
a separation 5.0 cm between the consecutive ones. Find the magnitude of the magnetic force per unit
length acting on the wires.

(ii) Two parallel wires separated by a distance of 10 cm carry currents of 10 A and 40A along the same
direction. where should a third current be placed so that it experiences no magnetic force?

2 cm
S R
(iii) A square loop PQRS carrying a current of 6.0 A is placed near a long wire
carrying 10 A as shown in figure . (a) Show that the magnetic force acting on
the part PQ is equal and opposite to that on the part RS . (b) Find the magnetic A
force on the square loop.
P Q
1 cm
6
19. (i) An electron makes 3 ´ 10 revolutions per second in a circle of radius 0.5 angstrom. Find the magnetic
field B at the centre of the circle.

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad 9334350306, 9431502119 P-14

 (ii) A charge of 3.14 ´ 10-6 C is distributed uniformly over a circular ring of radius 20.0 cm. The ring rotates
about its axis with an angular velocity of 60.0 rad/s. Find the ratio of the electric field to the magnetic
field at a point on the axis at a distance of 5.00 cm from the centre.

20. A circular loop of radius 20 cm carries a current of 10 A . An electron crosses the plane of the loop with a
speed of 2.0 ´ 106 m/s . The direction of motion makes an angle of 30° with the axis of the circle and
passes through its center. Find the magnitude of the magnetic force on the electron at the instant it
crosses the plane.

21. (i) A circular loop of radius R carries a current i. Another circular loop of radius r (<< R) carries a current i
and is placed at the centre of the larger loop. The planes of the two circles are at right angle to each other
. Find the torque acting on the smaller loop.

(ii) A circular loop of the radius r carrying a current i is held at the centre of another circular loop of radius R
(>> r) carrying a current I. The plane of the smaller loop makes an angle of 30° with that of the larger
loop. If the smaller loop is held fixed in is position by applying a single force at a point on its periphery,
what would be the minimum magnitude of this force?

22. (i) Sometimes we show an idealised magnetic field which is uniform in a

P Q
given region and falls to zero abruptly. One such field is represented in
B
figure . Using Ampere’s law over the path PQRS, show that such a field
is not possible. S R

· P
(ii) Two large metal sheets carry surface currents as shown in figure . The
current through a strip of width dl is kdl where K is a constant . Find the · Q
magnetic field at the points P, Q and R.
R ·
23. (i) The magnetic field B inside a long solenoid , carrying a current of 5.00 A, is 3.14 ´ 10-2 T. Find the
number of turns per unit length of the solenoid.

(ii) A tightly-wound solenoid of radius a and length l has n turns per unit length. It carries an electric current
i . Consider a length dx of the solenoid at a distance x from one end. This contains n dx turns and may be
approximated as a circular current i n dx (a) Write the magnetic field at the centre of the solenoid due to
this circular current. Integrate this expression under proper limits to find the magnetic field at the
centre of the solenoid. (b) Verify that if l > > a, the field tends to B = m0 ni and if a >> l, the field tends

μ 0 nil
to B = . Interpret these results.
2a
(iii) A copper wire having resistance 0.01 ohm in each metre is used to wind a 400 turn solenoid of radius 1.0
cm and length 20 cm. Find the emf of a battery which when connected across the solenoid will cause a
-2
magnetic field of 1.0 ´ 10 T near the cente of the solenoid.

(iv) A tightly-wound , long solenoid has n turns per unit length , a radius r and carries a current i. A particle
having charge q and mass m is projected from a point on the axis in a direction perpendicular to the axis.
What can be the maximum speed for which the particle does not strike the solenoid?

24. (i) The given figure shows , a long U-shaped wire of width l placed in a ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
perpendicular magnetic field B. A wire of length l is slid on the U-shaped
´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
wire with a constant velocity v towards right. The resistance of all the l v
wires is r per unit length . At t = 0, the sliding wire is close to the left edge ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
of the U-shaped wire. Draw an equivalent circuit , diagram , showing the ´ ´ ´
´ ´ ´
induced emf as a battery. Calculate the current in the circuit.

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad 9334350306, 9431502119 P-15

(ii) Consider the situation of the previous problem. (a) Calculate the force needed to keep the sliding wire
moving with a constant velocity v. (b) If the force needed just after t = 0 is F0, find the time at which the
force needed will be F0/2.

(iii) Consider the situation shown in figure . The wire PQ has mass m, resistance r
and can slide on the smooth, horizontal parallel rails separated by a distance ´ ´ p ´ ´
l. The resistance of the rails in negligible. A uniform magnetic field B exists
in the rectangular region and a resistance R connects the rails outside the ´ ´ ´ ´
field region. At t = 0, the wire PQ is pushed towards right with a speed v0. ´ ´ ´ ´
Find (a) The current in the loop at an instant when the speed of the wire PQ is
´ ´ q ´ ´
v, (b) The acceleration of the wire at this instant , (c) The velocity v as a
function of x and (d) The maximum distance the wire will move.

(iv) The given figure shows a metallic wire of resistance 0.20 W sliding on a
horizontal , U-shaped metallic rail. The separation between the parallel arms is
20 cm. An electric current of 2.0mA passes through the wire when it is slid at a
rate of 20 cm/s. If the horizontal component of the earth’s magnetic field is 3.0 ´
10-5T, calculate the dip at the place.
´ ´ P1 ´ P2 ´ ´ ´
(v) Consider the situation shown in figure . The wires P1Q2 and P2Q2 are
made to slide on the rails with the same speed 5 cm/s. Find the electric ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
4 cm 2W 2W 18W
current in the 19 W resistor if (a) Both the wires move towards right ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
and (b) If P1Q1 moves towards left but P2Q2 moves towards right.
´ ´ Q1 ´ Q2 ´ ´ ´
B = 1.0 T

(vi) Consider the situation shown in figure . The wire PQ has a ´ ´ P ´ ´ ´ ´ 10W
negligible resistance and is made to slide on the three rails
2 cm ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
with a constant speed of 5 cm/s. Find the current in the 10W
resistor when the switch S is thrown to (a) the middle rail (b) 2 cm ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ S
the bottom rail. B = 1.0 T
´ ´ Q ´ ´ ´ ´

(vii) A wire ab of length l , mass m and resistance R slides on a smooth,

thick pair of metallic rails joined at the bottom as shown in figure. a
B b
The plane of the rails makes an angle q with the horizontal. A
vertical magnetic field B exists in the region. If the wire slides on the q
rails at a constant speed v, show that
mg R sin θ
B=
v l 2cos 2θ

(viii) The current generator Ig, shown in figure , sends a constant current i, ´ ´ d ´ a ´ ´
through the circuit. The wire cd is fixed and ab is made to slide on the ´
i
´ ´ ´ ´
smooth, thick rails with a constant velocity v towards right. Each of Ig v
´ ´ ´ ´ ´
these wires has resistance r. Find the current through the wire cd.
´ ´ c ´ b ´ ´

(ix) The system containing the rails and the wire of the previous problem is kept . . . .
Ig
vertically in a uniform horizontal magnetic field B that is perpendicular to . . . .
the plane of the rails . It is found that the wire stays in equilibrium. If the
wire ab is replaced by another wire of double its mass, how long will it take . . . .
b a
in falling through a distance equal to its length? . . . .

. . . .

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad 9334350306, 9431502119 P-16

 (x) The rectangular wire-frame , shown in the figure has a width ´ ´
´
d, mass m, resistance R and a large length . A uniform magnetic
field B exists to the left of the frame . A constant force F starts ´ ´ ´
pushing the frame into the magnetic field at t = 0 (a) Find the F
d ´ ´ ´
acceleration of the frame when its speed has increases to v. (b)
Show that after some time the frame will move with a constant ´ ´ ´
velocity till the whole frame enters into the magnetic field.
´ ´ ´
Find this velocity v0. (c) Show that the velocity at time t is
given by : v = v0(1-e-Ft/mv0 )

(xi) A conducting wire ab of length l, resistance r and mass m starts sliding at t = 0

down a smooth, vertical, thick pair of connected rails as shown in figure. A . . .
uniform magnetic field B exists in the space in a direction perpendicular to the . .
.
plane of the rails. (a) Write the induced emf in the loop at an instant t when the
speed of the wire is v. (b) What would be the magnitude and direction of the . . .
a b
induced current in the wire? (c) Find the downward acceleration of the wire at . .
.
this instant. (d) After sufficient time, the wire starts moving with a constant
velocity. Find this velocity vm. (e) Find the velocity of the wire as a function of . . .
time. (f) Find the displacement of the wire as a function of time (g) Show that
the rate of heat developed in the wire is equal to the rate at which the
gravitational potential energy is decreased after steady state is reached.
b B
(xii) A right - angled triangle abc, made from a metallic wire, moves at a uniform
speed v in its plane as shown in figure . A uniform magnetic field B exists in the v
perpendicular direction. Find the emf induced (a) in the loop abc. (b) in the
segment bc, (c) in the segment ac and (d) in the segment ab. a c

B = 0.6 T
´ ´ ´ ´ ´
(xiiiA) The given figure shows a square loop of side 5 cm being moved
towards right at a constant speed of 1 cm/s. The front edge enters ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
the 20 cm wide magnetic field at t = 0. Find the emf induced in the 5 cm
loop at (a) t = 2s. (b) t = 10 s , (c) t = 22 s and (d) t = 30 s. ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

´ ´ ´ ´ ´
(xiiiB) Find the total heat produced in the loop of the previous problem
during the interval 0 to 30 s if the resistance of the loop is 4.5 mW. ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
20 cm
B
(xiv) The magnetic field in a region is given by B = k̂ 0 y where L is a fixed length . A conducting rod of
L
length®L lies along the Y-axis between the origin and the point (0, L, 0). If the rod moves with a velocity
v = v0 i , find the emf induced between the ends of the rod.

(xv) The given figure shows a straight, long wire carrying a current i and a rod of
length l coplanar with the wire and perpendicular to it. The rod moves with i v
a constant velocity v in a direction parallel to the wire. The distance of the
wire from the centre of the rod is x. Find the motional emf induced in the
rod. l
x

(xvi) The given figure shows a square frame of wire having a total resistance r placed a
coplanarly with a long, straight wire . The wire caries a current i given by i = i0 sin wt.
Find (a) The flux of the magnetic field through the square frame, (b) The emf induced in
the frame and (c) the heat developed in the frame in the time interval 0 to 20p/w. i
b

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad 9334350306, 9431502119 P-17

 (xvii) A wire of mass m and length l can slide freely on a pair of smooth, vertical rails (in ´ ´ C ´ ´

´ ´
the figure) A magnetic field B exists in the region in the direction perpendicular to ´ ´

the plane of the rails. The rails are connected at the top end by a capacitor of ´ ´ ´ ´

capacitance C. Find the acceleration of the wire neglecting any electric resistance. ´ ´ ´ ´

´ ´ ´ ´

´ ´ ´ ´

(xviii) A rectangular metallic loop of length l and width b is placed coplanarly

with a long wire carrying a current i (in the figure) . The loop is moved
perpendicular to the wire with a speed v in the plane containing the wire i
and the loop. Calculate the emf induced in the loop when the rear end of the b
v
loop is at a distance a from the wire. Solve by using Faraday’s law for the l
flux through the loop and also by replacing different segments with a
equivalent batteries.

7
(xix) A 10 m wide spacecraft moves through the interstellar space at a speed 3 ´ 10 m/s . A magnetic field B =
3 ´ 10-10 T exists in the space in a direction perpendicular to the plane of motion. Treating the spacecraft
as a conductor, calculate the emf induced across its width.

(xx) The two rails of a railway track, insulated from each other and from the ground, are connected to a
millivoltmeter. What will be the reading of the millivoltmeter when a train travels on the track at a
-4
speed of 180 km/h? The vertical component of earth’s magnetic field is 0.2 ´ 10 T and the rails are
separated by 1 m.

(xxi) A copper wire bent in the shape of a semicircle of radius r translates in its plane with a constant velocity
v. A uniform , magnetic field B exists in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the wire. Find the
emf induced between the ends of the wire if (a) the velocity is perpendicular to the diameter joining free
ends. (b) the velocity is parallel to this diameter.

(xxii) A circular copper ring of radius r translates in its plane with a constant velocity v. A uniform magnetic
field B exists in the space in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the ring. Consider different pairs
of diametrically opposite points on the ring (a) Between which pair of points, is the emf maximum ?
What is the value of this maximum emf? (b) Between which pair of points is the emf minimum ? What
is the value of this minimum emf?

25. (i) A bicycle is resting on its stand in the east -west direction and the rear wheel is rotated at an angular
speed of 100 revolutions per minute. If the length of each spoke is 30.0 cm and the horizontal
component of the earth’s magnetic field is 2.0 ´ 10-5 T, find the emf induced between the axis and the
outer end of a spoke . Neglect centripetal force acting on the free electrons of the spoke.

(ii) A conducting disc of radius r rotates with a small but constant angular velocity w about its axis. A
uniform magnetic field B exists parallel to the axis of rotation. Find the motional emf between the
centre and the periphery of the disc.
´ ´
R
(iii) The given figure shows a conducting disc rotating about its axis in a w´
perpendicular magnetic field B. A resistor of resistance R is connected ´
between the centre and the rim. Calculate the current in the resistor . Does it ´ ´
enter the disc or leave it at the centre ? The radius of the disc is 5.0 cm,
´ ´
angular speed w = 10 rad/s . B = 0.40 T and R = 10 W.
´ ´ ´ ´
(iv) The given figure shows a conducting circular loop of radius a placed in a
uniform, perpendicular magnetic field B. A thick metal rod OA is pivoted at ´ ´ ´ ´
the centre O. The other end of the rod touches the loop at A. The centre O and ´ ´ C ´
´
a fixed point C on the loop are connected by a wire OC of resistance R. A
A
force is applied at the middle point of the rod OA perpendicularly, so that the ´ ´ O ´F ´
rod rotates clockwise at a uniform angular velocity w. Find the force . ´ ´ ´ ´

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad 9334350306, 9431502119 P-18

26. (i) The flux of magnetic field through a closed conducting loop changes with time according to the
2
equation F = at + bt + c. (a) Write the SI units of a, b anc c (b) If the magnitudes of a, b and c are 0.20,
0.40 and 0.60 respectively, find the induced emf at t = 2 s.

(ii) A conducting circular loop having a radius of 5.0 cm , is placed perpendicular to a magnetic field of 0.50
T. It is removed from the field in 0.50 s. Find the average emf produced in the loop during this time.

(iii) A square - shaped copper coil has edges of length 50 cm and contains 50 turns . It is placed
perpendicular to a 1.0 T magnetic field . It is removed from the magnetic field in 0.25 s and restored in
its original place in the next 0.25 s . Find the magnitude of the average emf induced in the loop during
(a) its removal . (b) its restoration and (c) its motion.

(iv) A conducting circular loop of area 1 mm2 is placed coplanarly with a long , straigh wire at a distance of
20 cm from it. The straight wire caries an electric current which changes from 10 A to zero in 0.1 s. Find
the average emf induced in the loop in 0.1 s.

(v) A conducting loop of face-across A and resistance R is placed perpendicular to a magnetic field B . The
loop is withdrawn completely form the field . Find the charge which flows through any cross-section of
the wire in the process. Note that it is independent of the shape of the loop as well as the way it is
withdrawn.

(vi) A long solenoid of radius 2 cm has 100 turns/ cm and carries a current of 5 A. A coil of radius 1 cm
having 100 turns and a total resistance of 20 W is placed inside the solenoid coaxially. The coil is
connected to a galvanometer. If the current in the solenoid is reversed in direction, find the charge
flown through the galvanometer.

(vii) The given figure shows a metallic square frame of edge a

in a vertical plane. A uniform magnetic field B exists in the
space in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the figure ¬F F®
. Two boys pull the opposite corners of the square to
deform it into a rhombus. They start pulling the corners at t
= 0 and displace the corners at a uniform speed u.
(a) Find the induced emf in the frame at the instant when the angles at these corners reduce to 60° (b)
Find the induced current in the frame at this instant if the total resistance of the frame is R. (c) Find the
total charge which flows through a side of the frame by the time the square is deformed into a straight
line.
2
(viii) A conducting loop of area 5.0 cm is placed in a magnetic field which varies sinusoidally with time as B
-1
= B0 sin wt , where B0 = 0.20 T and w = 300 s . The normal to the coil makes an angle of 60° with the
field . Find (a) the maximum emf induced in the coil, (b) the emf induced at t = (p/900)s and (c) the
emf induced at t = (p/600) ?

(ix) The magnetic field in the cylindrical region shown in figure increases at
´ ´
a constant rate of 20.0 mT/s . Each side of the square loop abcd and defa
e´ ´ d ´ ´c
has a length of 1.00 cm and a resistance of 4.00 W. Find the current ´
S1 ´ ´ ´ S2
(magnitude and sense) in the wire ad if (a) The switch S1 is closed but S2
´ ´ ´ ´b
is open (b) S1 is open but S2 is closed , (c) both S1 and S2 are open and (d) f´ ´
a
´ ´
both S1 and S2 are closed. ´ ´

(x) The given figure shows a circular coil of N turns and radius a, connected
to a battery of emf e through a rheostat. The rheostat has a total length L e
and resistance R. The resistance of the coil is r. A small circular loop of
radius a¢ and resistance r¢ is placed coaxially with the coil. The centre of
the loop is at a distance x from the centre of coil. In the beginning , the

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad 9334350306, 9431502119 P-19

 sliding contact of the rheostat is at the left end and then onwards it is moved towards right at a constant
speed v. Find the emf induced in the small circular loop at the instant (a) the contact begins to slide and
(b) it has slid through half the length of the rheostat.

(xi) Figure shows a circular wheel of radius 10.0 cm whose upper half, shown dark
´ ´ ´ ´ ´
in the figure, is made of iron and the lower half of wood . The two junctions are Iron
joined by an iron rod. A uniform magnetic field B of magnitude 2.00 ´ 10-4 T ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
exists in the space above the central line as suggested by the figure . The wheel ´ ´ ´ ´
is set into pure rolling on the horizontal surface. If it takes 2.00 seconds for the
wood
iron part to come down and the wooden part to go up, find the average emf
induced during this period.

(xii) A uniform magnetic field B exists in a cylindrical region, shown dotted in ´ ´

´ a pb
figure . The magnetic field increases at a constant rate dB/dt. Consider a circle ´ ´
´

of radius r coaxial with the cylindrical region . (a) Find the magnitude of the ´
´ ´
´

electric field E at a point on the circumference of the circle. (b) Consider a ´

´
´
d ´ c
point P on the side of the square circumscribing the circle. Show that the ´
´
´
´
component of the induced electric field at P along ba is the same as the
magnitude found in part (a).

(xiii) The current in an ideal, long solenoid is varied at a uniform rate of 0.01 A/s. The solenoid has 2000
turns/m and its radius is 6.0 cm. (a) Consider a circle of radius 1.0 cm inside the solenoid with its axis
coinciding with the axis of the solenoid. Write the change in the magnetic flux through this circle in 2.0
seconds. (b) Find the electric field induced at a point on the circumference of the circle . (c) Find the
electric field induced at a point outside the solenoid at a distance 8.0 cm from its axis.

27. (i) A closed coil having 100 turns is rotated in a uniform magnetic field B = 4.0 ´ 10-4 T about a diameter
which is perpendicular to the field. The angular velocity of rotation is 300 revolutions per minute. The
area of the coil is 25 cm2 and its resistance is 4.0 W. Find (a) The average emf developed in half a turn
from a position where the coil is perpendicular to the magnetic field. (b) The average emf in a full turn
and (c) the net charge displaced in part (a).

(ii) A coil of radius 10 cm and resistance 40 W has 1000 turns. It is placed with its plane vertical and its axis
parallel to the magnetic meridian. The coil is connected to a galvanometer and is rotated about the
vertical diameter through an angle of 180°. Find the charge which flows through the galvanometer if
the horizontal component of the earth’s magnetic field is BH = 3.0 ´ 10-5 T.

28. (i) An average emf of 20 V is induced in an inductor when the current in it is changed from 2.5 A in one
direction to the same value in the opposite direction in 0.1 s. Find the self-inductance of the inductor.

(ii) A magnetic flux of 8 ´ 10-4 weber is linked with each turn of a 200 - turn coil when there is an electric
current of 4 A in it. Calculate the self-inductance of the coil.

(iii) The mutual inductance between two coils is 2.5 H. If the current in one coil is changed at the rate of 1
A/s. What will be the emf induced in the other coil?
a
(iv) Find the mutual inductance between the straight wire and the square loop of figure.
i
b

(v) Find the mutual inductance between the circular coil and the loop shown in figure.

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad 9334350306, 9431502119 P-20

 2
(vi) A solenoid of length 20 cm , area of cross-section 4.0 cm and having 4000 turns is placed inside another
solenoid of 2000 turns having a cross-sectional area 8.0 cm2 and length 10 cm. Find the mutual
inductance between the solenoids.

(vii) The current in a long solenoid of radius R and having n turns per unit length is given by i = i0 sin wt. A
coil having N turns is wound around it near the centre. Find (a) the induced emf in the coil and (b) the
mutual inductance between the solenoid and the coil.

29. The current in a solenoid of 240 turns, having a length of 12 cm and a radius of 2 cm, changes at a rate of
0.8 A/s. Find the emf induced in it.

30. (i) An inductor-coil carries a steady-state current of 2.0 A when connected across an ideal battery of emf
4.0 V. If its inductance is 1.0 H, find the time constant of the circuit.

(ii) A coil having an inductance L and a resistance R is connected to a battery of emf e. Find the time taken
for the magnetic energy stored in the circuit to change from one fourth of the steady-state value to half
of the steady -state value.

31. (i) An L-R circuit with emf e is connected at t = 0 (a) Find the charge Q which flows through the battery
during 0 to t. (b) Calculate the work done by the battery during this period. (c) Find the heat developed
during this period (d) Find the magnetic field energy stored in the circuit at time t. (e) Verify that the
results in the three parts above are consistent with energy conservation.

(ii) Consider the circuit shown in figure. (a) Find the current through the R2
battery a long time after the switch S is closed . (b) Suppose the switch is
again opened at t = 0. What is the time constant of the discharging circuit
R1 L
? (c) Find the current through the inductor after one time constant.

32. (i) A current of 1.0 A is established in a tightly wound solenoid of radius 2 cm

e s
having 1000 turns/metre. Find the magnetic energy stored in each metre
of the solenoid.
3
(ii) Consider a small cube of volume 1 mm at the centre of a circular loop of radius 10 cm carrying a current
of 4 A. Find the magnetic energy stored inside the cube.

(iii) A long wire carries a current of 4.00 A. Find the energy stored in the magnetic field inside a volume of
3
1.00 mm at a distance of 10.0 cm from the wire.

33. (i) Find the time required for a 50 Hz alternating current to change its value from zero to the rms value.

(ii) The household supply of electricity is at 220 V (rms value) and 50 Hz . Find the peak voltage and the
least possible time in which the voltage can change from the rms value to zero.

(iii) A bulb rated 60 W at 220 V is connected across a household supply of alternating voltage of 220 V.
Calculate the maximum instantaneous current through the filament.

(iv) An electric bulb is designed to operate at 12 volts DC. If this bulb is connected to an AC source and
gives normal brightness, what would be the peak voltage of the source?

6 2
(v) The dielectric strength of air is 3.0 ´ 10 V/m . A parallel -plate air -capacitor has area 20 cm and plate
separation 0.10 mm. Find the maximum rms voltage of an AC source which can be safely connected to
this capacitor.

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad 9334350306, 9431502119 P-21

 (vi) The current in a discharging LR circuit is given by i = i0 e-t/t where t is the time constant of the circuit.
Calculate the rms current for the period t = 0 to t = t.

(vii) A capacitor of capacitance 10 mF is connected to an oscillator giving an output voltage e = (10 V) sin wt.
Find the peak currents in the circuit for w = 10 s-1, 100 s-1, 500 s-1, 1000 s-1.

(viii) A coil has a resistance of 10 W and an inductance of 0.4 henry. It is connected to an AC source of 6.5 V,
30/p Hz. Find the average power consumed in the circuit.

(ix) In a series RC circuit with an AC source, R = 300 W, C = 25 mF, e0 = 50 V and v = 50/p Hz. Find the peak
current and the average power dissipated in the circuit.

(x) An electric bulb is designed to consume 55 W when operated at 110 volts. It is connected to a 220 V, 50
Hz line through a choke coil in series. What should be the inductance of the coil for which the bulb gets
correct voltage?

(xi) In a series LCR circuit with an AC source, R = 300 W, C = 20 mF, L = 1.0 henry, e0 = 50 V and n = 50/p Hz
. Find (a) the rms current in the circuit and (b) the rms potential differences across the capacitor, the
resistor and the inductor. Note that the sum of the rms potential differences across the three elements is
greater than the rms voltage of the source.

(xii) Consider the situation of the previous problem . Find the average electric field energy stored in the
capacitor and the average magnetic field energy stored in the coil.

(xiii) An inductance of 2.0 H, a capacitance of 18 mF and a resistance of 10 kW are connected to an AC source

of 20 V with adjustable frequency. (a) What frequency should be chosen to maximise the current in the
circuit ? (b) What is the value of this maximum current?

(xiv) An inductor-coil, a capacitor and an AC source of rms voltage 24 V are connected in series . When the
frequency of the source is varied, a maximum rms current of 6.0 A is observed. If this inductor coil is
connected to a battery of emf 12 V and internal resistance 4.0 W. What will be the current?

(xv) A transformer has 50 turns in the primary and 100 in the secondary. If the primary is connected to a 220
V DC supply, what will be the voltage across the secondary?

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad 9334350306, 9431502119 P-22

 SECTION - ‘C’ z
y
®
B
1. (i) If the magnitude field is parallel to the positive y-axis and the charged ´´´´´´´´´´´
particle is moving along the positive x-axis . Which way would the ´´´´´´´´´´´
´´´´´´´´´´´
Lorentz force be for (a) An electron (negative charge ). (b) A proton ´´´´´´´´´´´
´´´´´´´´´´´
(positive charge) ´´´´´´´´´´´
x
´´´´´´´´´´´
´´´´´´´´´´´
®
(ii) Answer the following questions : v®
(a) A magnetic field that varies in magnitude from point to point but has a constant direction (east to
west) is set up in a chamber. A charged particle enters the chamber and travels unreflected along a
straight path with constant speed. What can you say about the initial velocity of the particle?

(b) A charged particle enters an environment of a strong and non-uniform magnetic field varying from
point to point both in magnitude an direction, and comes out of it following a complicated trajectory.
would its final speed equal the initial speed if it suffered no collisions with the environment.

(iii) A monoenergetic (18 keV) electron beam initially in the horizontal direction is subjected to a horizontal
magnetic field of 0.04 G normal to the initial direction. Estimate the up or down deflection of the beam
-31
over a distance of 30 cm (me = 9.11 ´ 10 kg). [Note : Data in this problem are so chosen that the answer
will give you an idea of the effect or earth’s magnetic field on the motion of the electron beam from the
electron gun to the screen in a TV set.]

2. (i) In a chamber , a uniform magnetic field of 6.5 G (1 G = 10-4 T) is maintained. An electron is shot into the
6 -1
field with a speed of 4.8 ´ 10 m s normal to the field. Explain why the path of electron is a circle.
Determine the radius of the circular orbit (e = 1.6 ´ 10-19 C, me = 9.1 ´ 10-31 kg)

(ii) In the problem 2(ii) obtain the frequency of revolution of the electron in its circular orbit. Does the
answer depend on the speed of the electron? Explain.

(iii) An electron emitted by a heated cathode and accelerated through a potential difference of 2.0 kV , enters
a region with uniform magnetic field of 0.15 T. Determine the trajectory of the electron if the field (a) is
transverse to its initial velocity. (b) makes an angle of 30° with the initial velocity.

(iv) What is the radius of the path of an electron (mass 9 ´ 10-31 kg and charge 1.6 ´ 10-19 C) moving at a speed
7 -19
of 3 ´ 10 m/s in a magnetic field ? Calculate its energy in KeV. (1 eV = 1.6 ´ 10 J)

3. (i) The horizontal compound of the earth’s magnetic field at a certain place is 3.0 ´ 10-5 T and the direction
of the field is from the geographic south to the geographic north. A very long straight conductor is
carrying a steady current of 1 A. What is the force per unit length on it when it is placed on a horizontal
table and the direction of the current is (a) east to west (b) south to north?

(ii) What is the magnitude of magnetic force per unit length on a wire carrying a current of 8 A and making
an angle of 30° with the direction of a uniform magnetic field of 0.15 T?

(iii) A 3.0 cm wire carrying a current of 10 A is placed inside a solenoid perpendicular to its axis. The
magnetic field inside the solenoid is given to be 0.27 T. What is the magnetic force on the wire?

(iv) A uniform magnetic field of 1.5 T exists in a cylindrical region of radius 10.0 cm, its direction parallel to
the axis along east to west. A wire carrying current of 7.0 A in the north to south direction passes
through this region. What is the magnitude and direction of the force on the wire if .
(a) The wire intersects the axis.
(b) The wire is turned from N-S to northeast-northwest direction.
(c) The wire in the N-S direction is lowered from the axis by a distance of 6.0 cm?

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad 9334350306, 9431502119 P-23

 (v) A straight horizontal conducting rod of length 0.45 m and mass 60 g is suspended by two vertical wires
at its ends . A current of 5.0 A is set up in the rod through the wires.
(a) What magnetic field should be set up normal to the conductor in order that the tension in the wires is
zero?
(b) What will be the total tension in the wires if the direction of current is reversed keeping the magnetic
-2
field same as before? (Ignore the mass of the wires). g = 9.8 m s .

(vi) A straight wire of mass 200 g and length 1.5 m carries a current of 2 A. It is suspended in mid air by a
uniform horizontal magnetic field B (in the given figure). What is the magnitude of magnetic field ?

(vii) (a) A current carrying circular loop lies on a smooth horizontal plane. Can a uniform magnetic field be
set up in such a manner that the loop turns around itself (i.e. turns about the vertical axis)

(b) A current carrying circular loop is located in a uniform external magnetic field. If the loop is free to
turn, what is its orientation of stable equilibrium ? Show that in this orientation, the flux of the total field
(external field + field produced by the loop) is maximum.

(c) A loop of irregular shape carrying current is located in an external magnetic field. If the wire is
flexible, why does it change to a circular shape?

(viii) A square coil of side 10 cm consists of 20 turns and carries a current of 12 A . The coil is suspended
vertically and the normal to the plane of the coil makes an angle of 30° with the direction of a uniform
horizontal magnetic field of magnitude 0.80 T. What is the magnitude of torque experienced by the
coil?

(ix) (a) A circular coil of 30 turns and radius 8.0 cm carrying a current of 6.0 A is suspended vertically in a
uniform horizontal magnetic field of magnitude 1.0 T. The field lines make an angle of 60° with the
normal of the coil. Calculate the magnitude of the counter torque that must be applied to prevent the coil
from turning.
(b) Would your answer change, if the circular coil in (a) were replaced by a planar coil of some irregular
shape that encloses the same area? (All other particulars are also unaltered).

(x) A uniform magnetic field of 3000 G is established along the positive z-direction . A rectangular loop of
sides 10 cm and 5 cm carries a current of 12 A. What is the torque on the loop in the different cases
shown in the figure. What is the force on each case? Which case corresponds to stable equilibrium?
z
z z
B
B B
I I
y
y I y

(a) (b) (c)

x x
x

z
z z

B B
B
I
y I
y y
60°

x (e) I (f)
(d)
x x

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad 9334350306, 9431502119 P-24

 (xi) A circular coil of 20 turns and radius 10 cm is placed in a uniform magnetic field of 0.10 T normal to the
plane of the coil. If the current in the coil is 5.0 A. What is the
(a) Total torque on the coil.
(b) Total force on the coil
(c) Average force on each electron in the coil due to the magnetic field?
-5 2
(The coil is made of copper wire of cross-sectional area 10 m , and the free, electron density in copper
is given to be about 1029 m-3.)

-2 2
(xii) In the figure, magnetic needle has magnetic moment 6.7 ´ 10 Am N
and moment of inertia I = 7.5 ´ 10-6 kg m2. It performs 10 complete q B
oscillations in 6.70 s. What is the magnitude of the magnetic field ?

(xiii) A circular coil of 16 turns and radius 10 cm carrying a current of 0.75 A rests with its plane normal to an
-2
external field of magnitude 5.0 ´ 10 T. The coil is free to turn about an axis in its plane perpendicular to
the field direction . When the coil is turned slightly and released , it oscillates about its stable
-1
equilibrium with a frequency of 2.0 s . What is the moment of inertia of the coil about its axis of
rotation ?

(xiv) A magnetic dipole is under the influence of two magnetic fields. The angle between the field directions
-2
is 60°, and one of the fields has a magnitude of 1.2 ´ 10 T . If the dipole comes to stable equilibrium at
an angle of 15° with this field, what is the magnitude of the other field.

4. A cyclotron’s oscillator frequency is 10 MHz. What should be the operating magnetic field for
accelerating protons? If the radius of its ‘dees’ is 60 cm, what is the kinetic energy (in MeV) of the
proton beam produced by the accelerator.
Given e = 1.6 ´ 10-19 C , mp= 1.67´ 10-27kg , 1 MeV = 1.6 ´ 10-13 J. y

P
Ù
5. (i) An element Dl = Dx i is placed at the origin and carries a large current I 0.5m
= 10 A , in the figure . What is the magnetic field on the y-axis at a
distance of 0.5 m. Dx = 1 cm.
x
Dx

(ii) A straight wire carrying a current of 12 A is bent into a semi-circular arc of radius 2.0 cm as shown in
figure .
Consider the magnetic field B at the center of the arc. (a) What is the magnetic field due to the straight
segments?
(b) In what way the contribution to B from the semicircle differs from that of a circular loop and in what
way does it resemble?
(c) Would your answer be different if the wire were bent into a semi-circular arc of the same radius but
in the opposite way as shown in figure.

(a)
(b)

(iii) Consider a tightly wound 100 turn coil of radius 10 cm, carrying a current of 1 A. What is the magnitude
of the magnetic field at the centre of the coil?
P
r
(iv) Shows a long straight wire of a circular cross-section (radius a) carrying
steady current I. The current I is uniformly distributed across this cross- I
section. Calculate the magnetic field in the region r < a and r > a. a r1

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad 9334350306, 9431502119 P-25

 (v) A 100 turn closely wound circular coil of radius 10 cm carries a current of 3.2 A
(a) What is the field at the center of the coil ?
(b) What is magnetic moment of this coil?
The coil is placed in vertical plane and is free to rotate about a horizontal axis which
coincides with its diameter. A uniform magnetic field of 2T in the horizontal direction exists such that
initially the axis of the coil is in direction of the field. The coil rotates through an angle of 90° under the
influence of the magnetic field. (c) What are the magnitude of the torques on the coil in the initial and
final position? (d) What is the angular speed acquired by the coil when it has rotated by 90°? The
moment of inertia of the coil is 0.1 kg m2.

(vi) A circular coil of wire consisting of 100 turns , each of radius 8.0 cm carries a current of 0 .10 A. What is
the magnitude of the magnetic field B at the center of the coil?

(vii) A long straight wire carries a current of 35 A. What is the magnitude of the field B at a point 20 cm from
the wire?

(viii)A long straight wire in the horizontal plane carries a current of 50 A in north to south direction. Give the
magnitude and direction of B at a point 2.5 m east of the wire.

(ix) A horizontal overhead power line carries a current of 90 A in east to west direction. What is the
magnitude and direction of the magnetic field due to the current 1.5 m below the line?

(x) Two concentric circular coils X and Y of radii 16 cm and 10 cm , respectively , lie in the same vertical
plane containing the north to south direction . coil X has 20 turns and carries a current of 16 A; coil Y has
25 turns and carries a current of 18 A. The sense of the current in X is anticlockwise, and clockwise in Y,
for an observer looking at the coils facing west. Give the magnitude and direction of the net magnetic
field due to the coils at their centre.

(xi) For a circular coil of radius R and N turns carrying current I, the magnitude of the magnetic field at a
point on its axis at a distance x from its centre is given by.
μ 0 IR 2 N
B= .
2(x 2 + R 2 )3/2
(a) Show that , this reduces to the familiar result for field at the center of the coil.
(b) Consider two parallel co-axial circular coils of equal radius R , and number of turns N, carrying
equal currents in the same direction , and separated by a distance R. Show that the field on the axis
around the mid-point between the coils is uniform over a distance that is small as compared to R, and is
μ 0 NI
given by B = 0.72 , approximately.
R
[Such an arrangement to produce a nearly uniform magnetic field over a small region is known as
Helmholtz coils]

(xii) A solenoid of length 0.5 m has a radius of 1 cm and is made up of 500 turns. It carries a current of 5 A.
What is the magnitude of the magnetic field inside the solenoid?

(xiii) A closely wound solenoid 80 cm long has 5 layers of windings of 400 turns each. The diameter of the
solenoid is s1.8 cm. If the current carried is 8.0 A, estimate the magnitude of B inside the solenoid near
its centre.

-4
(xiv) A magnetic field of 100 G (1 G = 10 T) is required which is uniform in a region of linear dimension
about 10 cm and area of cross-section about 10-3 m2. The maximum current carrying capacity of a given
coil of wire is 15 A and the number of turns per unit length that can be wound round a core is at most
1000 turns m-1. Suggest some appropriate design particulars of a solenoid for the required purpose.

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad 9334350306, 9431502119 P-26

Assume the core is not ferromagnetic.

(xv) A solenoid 60 cm long and of radius 4.0 cm has 3 layers of windings of 300 turns each. A 2.0 cm long
wire of mass 2.5 g lies inside the solenoid (near its center) normal to its axis; both the wire and the axis
of the solenoid are in the horizontal plane. The wire is connected through two leads parallel to the axis
of the solenoid to an external battery which supplies a current of 6.0 A in the wire. What value of current
(with appropriate sense of circulation) in the windings of the solenoid can support the weight of the
-2
wire? (g = 9.8 m s . )

(xvi) A toroid has a core (non -ferromagnetic) of inner radius 25 cm and outer radius 26 cm, around which
3500 turns of a wire are wound . If the current in the wire is 11 A , what is the magnetic field ?
(a) Outside the toroid.
(b) Inside the core of the toroid, and
(c) In the empty space surrounded by the toroid.

6. (i) Two long and parallel straight wires A and B carrying currents of 8.0 A and 5.0 A in the same direction
are separated by a distance of 4.0 cm. Estimate the force on a 10 cm section of wire A.

(ii) The wires which connect the battery of an automobile to its starting motor carry a current of 300 A (for a
short time). What is the force per unit length between the wires if they are 70 cm long and 1.5 cm apart?
Is the force attractive or repulsive?

(iii) A magnetic field set up using Helmholtz coils (described in problem 5 (xi) is uniform in a small region
and has a magnitude of 0.75 T. In the same region , a uniform electrostatic field is maintained in a
direction normal to the common axis of the coils. A narrow beam of (single species) charged particles
all accelerated through 15 kV enters this region in a direction perpendicular to both the axis of the coils
and the electrostatic field. If the beam remains undeflected when the electrostatic field is 9.0 ´ 10-5 V m-
1
, make a simple guess as to what the beam contains. Why is the answer not unique?

7. (i) In the circuit (in the figure) the current is to be measured. What is the value of the current if the ammeter
shown A
(a) Is a galvanometer with a resistance RG= 60.00 W
(b) Is a galvanometer described in (a) but converted to an ammeter by a shunt
3.00 W
resistance rs = 0.02 W
(c) an ideal ammeter with zero resistance?
3.00 V
(ii) Two moving coil meters M1 and M2 have the following particulars
R1 = 10W, N1 = 30
A1 = 3.6 ´ 10-3 m2, B1 = 0.25 T
R2 = 14 W, N2 = 42
-3 2
A2 = 1.8 ´ 10 m , B2 = 0.50 T
(The spring constants are identical for the two meters)
Determine the ratio of (a) current sensitivity and (b) voltage sensitivity of M2 and M1.

(iii) A galvanometer coil has a resistance of 12 W and the metre shows full scale deflection for a current of 3
mA . How will you convert the metre into a voltmeter of range 0 to 18 V?

(iv) A galvanometer coil has a resistance of 15 W and the metre shows full scale deflection for a current of 4
mA. How will you convert the metre into an ammeter of range 0 to 6 A?

8. (i) (a) What happens if a bar magnet is cut into two pieces (i) transverse to its length (ii) along its length?
(b) A magnetised needle in a uniform magnetic field experiences a toque but no net force. An iron nail
near a bar magnet, however, experiences a force of attraction in addition to a torque. Why?

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad 9334350306, 9431502119 P-27

 (c) Must every magnetic configuration have a north pole and a south pole? What about the field due to a
toroid ?
(d) Two identical looking iron bars A and B are given , one of which is definitely known to be
magnetised (we do not know which one) . How would one ascertain whether or not both are
magnetised? If only one is magnetised, how does one ascertain which one ? [Use nothing else but the
bars A and B].

(ii) What is the magnitude of the equatorial and axial fields due to a bar magnet of length 5.0 cm at a
2
distance of 50 cm from its mid-point ? The magnetic moment of the bar magnet is 0.40 A m , the same as
in problem 8(vii).

(iii) A short bar magnet has a magnetic moment of 0.48 JT-1 . Give the direction and magnitude of the
magnetic field produced by the magnet at a distance of 10 cm from the center of the magnet on (a) the
axis (b) the equatorial lines (normal bisector) of the magnet.

(iv) A short bar magnet placed with its axis at 30° with a uniform external magnetic field of 0.25 T
-2
experiences a torque of magnitude equal to 4.5 ´ 10 J. What is the magnitude of magnetic moment of
the magnet?

-1
(v) A short bar magnet of magnetic moment m = 0.32 JT is placed in a uniform magnetic field of 0.15 T. If
the bar is free to rotate in the plane of the field, which orientation would correspond to its (a) stable, and
(b) unstable equilibrium ? What is the potential energy of the magnet in each case?

(vi) A bar magnet of magnetic moment 1.5 J T-1 lies aligned with the direction of a uniform magnetic field of
0.22 T.
(a) What is the amount of work required by an external torque to turn the magnet so as to align its
magnetic moment (i) normal to the field direction, (ii) opposite to the field direction?

(b) What is the torque on the magnet in cases (i) and (ii).

(vii) A short bar magnet placed with its axis at 30° with an external field of 800 G experiences a torque of
0.016 Nm.
(a) What is the magnetic moment of the magnet?
(b) What is the work done in moving it from its most stable to most unstable position?
-4 2
(c) The bar magnet is replaced by solenoid of cross-section area 2 ´ 10 m and 1000 turns, but of the
same magnetic moment. Determine the current flowing through the solenoid.

(viii)In the given figure shown , a small magnetised needle P placed at a point O. The arrow shows the
direction of its magnetic moment. The other arrows show different positions (and orientations of the
magnetic moment of another identical magnetised needle Q. Q4
(a) in which configuration the system is not in equilibrium?
(b) In which configuration is the system in (i) stable, and (ii) unstable
equilibrium?
(c) Which configuration corresponds to the lowest potential energy Q3
among all the configurations shown? Q5 O P Q
Q1 2

Q6

9. (i) Many of the diagram given in figure , show magnetic field lines (thick lines in the figure) wrongly.
Point out what is wrong with them. Some of them may describe electrostatic field lines correctly. Point
out which ones.

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad 9334350306, 9431502119 P-28

 Energy Space
(a) (b)
(c)

N S

(d) (e) (g)

(f)

(ii) (a) Magnetic field lines show the direction (at every point) along which a small magnitised needle
aligns (at the point). Do the magnetic field lines also represent the lines of force on a moving charged
particle at every point?
(b) Magnetic field lines can be entirely confined within the core of a toroid , but not within a straight
solonoid . Why?

(c) If magnetic monopoles existed ,how would the Gauss’s law of magnetism be modified?

(d) Does a bar magnet exert a torque on itself due to its own field? Does one element of a current -
carrying wire exert a force on another element of the same wire?

(e) Magnetic field arises due to charges in motion. Can a system have magnetic moments even though
its net charge is zero?

(iii) Answer the following questions regarding earth’s magnetism:

(a) A vector needs three quantities for its specification . Name the three independent quantities
conventionally used to specify the earth’s magnetic field.

(b) The angle of dip at a location in southern India is about 18°. Would you expect a greater or smaller
dip angle in Britian?

(c) If you made a map of magnetic field lines at Melbourne in Australia, would the lines seem to go into
the ground or comes out of the ground.

(d) In which direction would a compass free to move in the vertical plane point to, if located right on the
geomagnetic north or south pole?

(e) The earth ‘s field , it is claimed , roughly approximates the field due to a dipole of magnetic moment
22 -1
8 ´ 10 J T located at its center. Check the order of magnitude of this number in some way.

(f) Geologists claim that besides the main magnetic N-S poles , there are several local poles on the
earth’s surface oriented in different directions. How is such a thing possible at all?

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad 9334350306, 9431502119 P-29

 (iv) Answer the following questions :
(a) The earth’s magnetic field varies from point to point in space. Does it also change with time? If so,
on what time scale does it change appreciably?

(b) The earth ‘s core is known to contain iron . Yet geologists do not regard this as source of the earth’s
magnetism. Why?

(c) The charged currents in the outer conducting regions of the earth’s core are thought to be responsible
for earth’s magnetism. What might be the ‘battery’ (i.e. the source of energy) to sustain these currents ?

(d) The earth may have even reversed the direction of its field several times during its history of 4 to 5
billion years. How can geologists know about the earth’s field in such distant past?

(e) The earth’s field departs from its dipole shape substantially at large distances (greater than about
30,000 km). What agencies may be responsible for its distortion?

-12
(f) Interstellar space has an extremely weak magnetic field of the order of 10 T. Can such a weak field
be of any significant consequence? Explain.

(v) Answer the following questions :

(a) Why does a paramagnetic sample display greater magnetisation (for the same magnetising field )
when cooled?

(b) Why is diamagnetism , in contrast , almost independent of temperature?

(c) If a toroid used bismuth for its core, will the field in the core be (slightly) greater or (slightly) less
than when the core is empty?

(d) Is the permeability of a ferromagnetic material independent of the magnetic field? If not, is it more
for lower or higher fields?

(e) Magnetic field lines are always nearly normal to the surface of a ferromagnet at every point. (This
fact is analogous to the static electric field lines being normal to the surface of a conductor at every
point)? Why?

(f) Would the maximum possible magnetisation of a paramagnetic sample be of the same order of
magnitude as the magnetisation of a ferromagnet?

(vi) Answer the following questions

(a) Explain qualitatively on the basis of domain picture the irreversibility in the magnetisation curve of
a ferromagnet.
(b) The hysteresis loop of a soft iron piece has a much smaller area than that of a carbon steel piece. If
the material is to go through repeated cycles of magnetisation, which piece will dissipate greater heat
energy?
(c) A system displaying a hysteresis loop such as a ferromagnet, is a device for storing memory?
Explain the meaning of this statement.
(d) What kind of ferromagnetic material is used for coating magnetic tapes in a cassette player, or for
building ‘memory stores’ in a modern computer?
(e) A certain region of space is to be shielded from magnetic fields. Suggest a method.

10. (i) The earth’s magnetic field at the equator is approximately 0.4 G . Estimate the earth’s dipole moment.

(ii) In the magnetic meridian of a certain place, the horizontal component of the earth’s magnetic field is
0.26 G and the dip angle is 60°. What is the magnetic field of the earth at this location?

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad 9334350306, 9431502119 P-30

 (iii) A magnetic needle free to rotate in a vertical plane parallel to the magnetic meridian has its north tip
pointing down at 22° with the horizontal. The horizontal component of the earth’s magnetic field at the
place is known to be 0.35 G. Determine the magnitude of the earth’s magnetic field at the place.

(iv) At a certain location in Africa, a compass points 12° west of the geographic north. The north tip of the
magnetic needle of a dip circle placed in a plane of magnetic meridian points 60°above the horizontal .
The horizontal component of the earth’s field is measured to be 0.16 G. Specify the direction and
magnitude of the earth’s field at the location.

(v) A long straight horizontal cable carries a current of 2.5 A in the direction 10° south of west to 10° north
of east. The magnetic meridian of the place happens to be 10° west of the geographic meridian. The
earth ‘s magnetic field at the location is 0.33 G, and the angle of dip is zero . Locate the line of neutral
points (ignore the thickness of the cable). (At neutral points, magnetic field due to a current carrying
cable is equal and opposite to the horizontal component of earth’s magnetic field.)

(vi) A telephone cable at a place has four long straight horizontal wires carrying a current of 1.0 A in the
same direction east to west. The earth’s magnetic field at the place is 0.39 G, and the angle of dip is 35 .
The magnetic declination is nearly zero. What are the resultant magnetic fields at points 4.0 cm below
the cable?

(vii) A compass neddle free to turn in a horizontal plane is placed at the centre of circular coil of 30 turns and
radius 12 cm. The coil is in a vertical plane making an angle of 45° with the magnetic meridian. When
the current in the coil is 0.35 A, the needle points west to east.
(a) Determine the horizontal component of the earth’s magnetic field at the location
(b) The current in the coil is reversed, and the coil is rotated about its vertical axis by an angle of 90° in
the anticlockwise sense looking from above. Predict the direction of the needle. Take the magnetic
declination at the places to be zero

(viii) A short bar magnet placed in a horizontal plane has its axis aligned along the magnetic norht -south
direction. Null points are found on the axis of the magnet at 14 cm from the centre of the magnet. The
earth’s magnetic field at the place is 0.36 G and the angle of dip is zero. What is the total magnetic field
on the normal bisector of the magnet at the same distance as the null- point (i.e. 14 cm) from the centre
of the magnet? (AT null points, field due to a magnet is equal and opposite to the horizontal component
of earth’s magnetic field)

(ix) If the bar magnet in problem 10(viii) is turned around by 180° , where will the new null points be
located?

-2 -1
(x) A short bar magnet of magnetic moment 5.25 ´ 10 J T is placed with its axis perpendicular to the
earth’s field direction. At what distance from the centre of the magnet, the resultant field is inclined at
45° with earth’s field on (a) its normal bisector and (b) its axis. Magnitude of the earth’s field at the
place is given to be 0.42 G. Ignore the length of the magnet in comparison to the distances involved.

11. (i) A solenoid has a core of a material with relative permeability 400. The windings of the solenoid are
insulated from the core and carry a current of 2A. IF the number of turns is 1000 per metre. Calculate (a)
H, (b) M, (c) B and (d) the magnetising current Im.

-4 2
(ii) A closely wound solenoid of 800 turns and area of cross section 2.5 ´ 10 m carries a current of 3.0 A.
Explain the sense in which the solenoid acts like a bar magnet. What is its associated magnetic
momentum?

(iii) If the solenoid in problem 11(ii) is free to turn about the vertical direction and a uniform horizontal
magnetic field of 0.25 T is applied . What is the magnitude of torque on the solenoid when its axis
makes an angle of 30° with the direction of applied field?

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad 9334350306, 9431502119 P-31

 (iv) A closely wound solenoid of 2000 turns and area of the cross-section 1.6 ´ 10-4 m2, carrying a current of
4.0 A, is suspended through its center allowing it to turn in a horizontal plane.
(a) What is the magnetic moment associated with the solenoid?
-2
(b) What is the force and torque on the solenoid if a uniform horizontal magnetic field of 7.5 ´ 10 T is
set up at an angle of 30° with the axis of the solenoid?

12. (i) A domain in ferromagnetic iron is in the form of a cube of side length 1mm. Estimate the number of iron
atoms in the domain and the maximum possible dipole moment and magnetisation of the domain . The
molecular mass of iron is 55 g / mole and its density is 7.9 g/ cm3. Assume that each iron atom has a
dipole moment of 9.27 ´ 10-24 Am2.

(ii) A Rowland ring of mean radius 15 cm has 3500 turns of wire wound on a ferromagnetic core of relative
permeability 800. What is the magnetic field B in the core for a magetising current of 1.2 A?

(iii) A sample of paramagnetic salt contains 2.0 ´ 1024 atomic dipoles each of dipole moment
1.5 ´ 10-23 J T-1. The sample is placed under a homogeneous magnetic field of 0.64 T and cooled to a
temperature of 4.2 K. The degree of magnetic saturation achieved is equal to 15% . What is the total
dipole moment of the sample for a magnetic field of 0.98 T and a temperature of 2.8 K ? [Assume
Curie’s law)

(iv) The magnetic moment vectors m2 and m1 associated with the intrinsic spin angular momentum S and
orbital angular momentum L, respectively , of an electron are predicted by quantum theory (and
verified experimentally to a high accuracy) to be given by :
m2= - (e/m)S.
m1 = -(e/2m)L
which of these relations is in accordance with the result expected classically? Outline the derivation of
the classical result

13. (i) Consider experiment NCERT 6.2 (a) What would you do to obtain a large deflection of the
galvanometer? (b) How would you demonstrate the presence of an induced current in the absence of a
galvanometer?

d
´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
a c
´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ a´
(ii) The given figure shows, planar loops of different shapes (i) b
moving out of or into a region of a magnetic field which is ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ c
(ii)
directed normal to the plane of the loop away form the ´
a
´ ´ b´ ´ ´ b ´
reader. Determine the direction of induced current in each ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
loop using Lenz’s law. ´ ´ ´c ´ ´ ´ ´

d (iii)

(iii) A rectangular loop and a circular loop are moving out of a uniform magnetic field region in the figure, to
a field free region with a constant velocity v. In which loop do you expect the induced emf to be
constant during the passage out of the field region? The field is normal to the loops.
´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
v v
´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
+A
(iv) Predict the polarity of the capacitor in the -A
situation described by in the given figure. S N S N

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad 9334350306, 9431502119 P-32

 (v) Predict the direction of induced current in the situation described by the following figure (a) to (f)

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

(e) (f)

(vi) Use Lenz’s law to determine the direction of induced current in the situations described by the
following figure
(a) A wire of irregular shape turning into a circular shape.
(b) A circular loop being deformed into a narrow straight wire.
· · · · · · · · ·
´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ · · · · · · · · ·
´ ´ ´ ´ c ´ ´ · · · ·
c
· · · · ·
´ ´ o´ ´d ´ ´ · · · · ·c¢ · · · ·
b¢ b d d¢
´ ´ ´ a ´ ´ ´ · · · · ·
a¢ · · · ·
´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ · · · · a· · · · ·
´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ · · · · · · · · ·
(a) · · · · · · · · ·
(b)

(vii) A square loop of side 10 cm and resistance 0.5 W is placed vertically in the east-west plane. A uniform
magnetic field of 0.10 T is set up across the plane in the north-east direction. The magnetic field is
decreased to zero in 0.70 s at a steady rate. Determine the magnitudes of induced emf and current
during this time - interval.
2
(viii) A long solenoid with 15 turns per cm has a small loop of area 2.0 cm placed inside the solenoid normal
to its axis. If the current carried by the solenoid changes steadily from 2.0 A to 4.0 A in 0.1 s, what is the
induced emf in the loop while the current is changing?

14. (i) A rectangular wire loop of sides 8 cm and 2 cm with a small cut is moving out of a region of uniform
magnetic field of magnitude 0.3 T directed normal to the loop. What is the emf developed across the cut
if the velocity of the loop is 1 cm/s in a direction normal to the (a) longer side (b) shorter side of the
loop? For how long does the induced voltage last in each case?

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad 9334350306, 9431502119 P-33

 (ii) A square loop of side 12 cm with its sides parallel to X and Y axes is moved with a velocity of 8 cm s-1 in
the positive x-direction in an environment containing a magnetic field in the positive z-direction . The
field is neither uniform in space nor constant in time. It has a gradient of 10-3 T cm-1 along the negative
-3 -1
x-direction (that is it increases by 10 T cm as one moves in the negative x-direction ) and it is
-3 -1
decreasing in time at the rate of 10 T s . Determine the direction and magnitude of the induced current
in the loop if its resistance is 4.50 mW.

(iii) (a) Obtain an expression for the mutual inductance between a long straight wire and a square loop of
side ‘a’ as shown in figure .
(b) Now assume that the straight wire carries a current of 50 A and the loop I
is moved to the right with a constant velocity v = 10 m/s . Calculate the x a
a a v
induced emf in the loop at the instant when x = 0.2 m, Take a = 0.1 m and a
assume that the loop has a large resistance.

15. (i) Refer to figure, The arm PQ of the rectangular conductor is · · ·

K
· · · · · ·
M
L
moved from x = 0 , outwards . The uniform magnetic field is · ·S · · · · · · ·
perpendicular to the plane and extends from x = 0 to x = b · · · · · · P· · ·
and is zero for x > b .Only the arm PQ possesses substantial · · · · · · · · ·
resistance r. Consider the situation when, the arm PQ is l v
· · · · · · · · ·
pulled outwards from x = 0 to x = 2b , and then moved back Q
to x = 0 with constant speed v. Obtain expressions for the · ·
R
· · · · · · ·

flux, the induced emf, the force necessary to pull the arm · · · · · · · · ·
and the power dissipated as joule heat. Sketch the variation · · · · · · · · ·
of these quantities with distance. x=0 x=b x = 2b

-1
(ii) A horizontal straight wire 10 m long extending from east to west is falling with a speed of 5.0 m s , at
right angles to the horizontal component of the earth’s magnetic field 0.30 ´ 10-4 Wb m-2.
(a) What is the instantaneous value of the emf induced in the wire?
(b) What is the direction of the emf?
(c) Which end of the wire is at the higher electrical potential? ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ Q´ ´ ´
(iii) A metallic rod of 1 m length is rotated with a frequency of 50 rev/s, ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
with one end hinged at the centre and the other end at the R
´ ´ ´ w´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
circumference of a circular metallic ring of radius 1 m, about an axis q = wt
´ ´ ´ ´O ´ ´ ´ ´P ´
passing through the centre and perpendicular to the plane of the ring
(as in the given figure). A constant and uniform magnetic field of 1 T ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
parallel to the axis is present everywhere. What is the emf between ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
the centre and the metallic ring? ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

-1
(iv) A 0.1 m long metallic rod is rotated with an angular frequency of 400 rad s about an axis normal to the
rod passing through its one end. The other end of the rod is in contact with a circular metallic ring. A
constant and uniform magnetic field of 0.5 T parallel to the axis exists everywhere. Calculated the emf
developed between the centre and the ring.

(v) A wheel with 10 metallic spokes each 0.5 m long is rotated with a speed of 120 rev/min in a plane
normal to the horizontal component of earth’s magnetic field HE at a place . If HE = 0.4 G at the place ,
what is the induced emf between the axle and the rim of the wheel? [Note that 1 G = 10-4 T.]

(vi) Kamla peddles a stationary bicycle the pedals of the bicycle are attached to a 100 turn coil of area 0.10
2
m . The coil rotates at half a revolution per second and it is placed in a uniform magnetic field of 0.01 T
perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the coil. What is the maximum voltage generated in the coil?

(vii) A jet plane is travelling towards west at a speed of 1800 km /h. What is the voltage difference developed
between the ends of the wing having a span of 25 m , if the Earth’s magnetic field at the location has a
I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad 9334350306, 9431502119 P-34
magnitude of 5 ´ 10-4T and the dip angle of 30°.

16. (i) A circular coil of radius 10 cm, 500 turns and resistance 2 W is placed with its plane perpendicular to the
horizontal component of the earth’s magnetic field. It is rotated about its vertical diameter through 180°
in 0.25 s. Estimate the magnitudes of the emf and current induced in the coil. Horizontal component of
the earth’s magnetic field at the place is 3.0 ´ 10-5 T.

(ii) A circular coil of radius 8.0 cm and 20 turns is rotated about its vertical diameter with an angular speed
-1 -2
of 50 rad s in a uniform horizontal magnetic field of magnitude 3.0 ´ 10 T. Obtain the maximum and
average emf induced in the coil. If the coil forms a closed loop of resistance 10 W , calculate the
maximum value of current in the coil. Calculate the average power lose due to joule heating. Where
does this power come from?

17. (i) A closed loop is held stationary in the magnetic field between the north and south poles of two
permanent magnets held fixed . Can we hope to generate current in the loop by using very strong
magnets?

(ii) A closed loop moves normal to the constant electric field between the plates of a large capacitor. Is a
current induced in the loop (i) When it is wholly inside the region between the capacitor plates. (ii)
When it is partially outside the plates of the capacitor? The electric field is normal to the plane of the
loop.

(iii) (a) Obtain the expression for the magnetic energy stored in a solenoid in terms of magnetic field B, area
A and length l of the solenoid (b) How does this magnetic energy compare with the electrostatic energy
stored in a capacitor?

(iv) A line charge l per unit length is lodged uniformly onto the rim of a wheel of
mass M and radius R. The wheel has light on-conducting spokes and is free to
rotate without friction about its axis (in the figure) A uniformly magnetic field ´´´
´´´ ´
extends over a circular region within the rimn. It is given by ´ ´ ´´
® Ù ´ ´´
B = -B0 k (r £ a; a < R)
=0 (otherwise)
What is the angular velocity of the wheel after the field is suddenly switched off.
a
R
2
(v) An air -cored solenoid with length 30 cm, area of cross-section 25 cm and number of turns 500, carries
a current of 2.5 A . The current is suddenly switched off in a brief time of 10-3 s. How much is the
average back emf induced across the ends of the open switch in the circuit? Ignore the variation in
magnetic field near the ends of the solenoid .

(vi) It is desired to measure the magnitude of field between the poles of a powerful loud speaker magnet. A
2
small flat search coil of area 2 cm with 25 closely wound turns , is positioned normal to the field
direction , and then quickly snatched out of the field region . Equivalently, one can give it a quick 90°
turn to bring its plane parallel to the field direction). The total charge flown in the coil (measured by a
ballistic galvanometer connected to coil) is 7.5 mC. The combined resistence of the coil and the
galvanometer is 0.50 W . Estimate the field strength of magnet.

(vii) In the given figure, a metal rod PQ resting on the smooth rails AB
and positioned between the poles of a permanent magnet. The rails,
the rod and the magnetic field are in tihree mutual perpendicular
directions. A galvanometer G connectes the rails through a switch
K, Length of the rod = 15 cm, B = 0.50 T, resistance of the closed
loop containing the rod = 9.0 mW . Assume the field to be uniform.
(a) Suppose K is open and the rod is moved with a speed of 12 cm s-1 in the direction shown. Give the

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad 9334350306, 9431502119 P-35

polarity and magnitude of the induced emf.
(b) Is there an excess charge built up at the ends of the rods when K is open? What if K is closed?
(c) With K open and the rod moving uniformly , there is no net force on the electrons in the rod PQ even
though they do experience magnetic force due to the motion of the rod. Explain.
(d) What is the retarding force on the rod when K is closed?
(e) How much power is required (by an external agent ) to keep the rod moving at the same speed (=12
-1
cm s ) when K is closed? . How much power is required when K is open?
(f) How much power is dissipated as heat in the closed circuit? What is the source of this power?
(g) What is the induced emf to the moving rod if the magnetic field is parallel to the rails instead of
being perpendicular?

(viii) Suppose the loop in problem14(i) is stationary but the current feeding the electromagnet that produces
the magnetic field is gradually reduced so that the field decreases from its initial value of 0.3 T at the
rate of 0.02 T s-1. If the cut is joined and the loop has a resistance of 1.6 W , how much power is
dissipated by the loop as heat? Why is the source of this power?

18. (i) Two concentric circular coils, one of small radius r1 , and the other of large radius r2, such that r1 << r2, are
placed co-axially with centres coinciding . Obtain the mutual inductance of the arrangement.

(ii) Current in a circuit falls from 5.0 A to 0.0 A in 0.1 s . If an average emf of 200 V induced, give an
estimate of the self-inductance of circuit.

(iii) A pair of adjacent coils has a mutual inductance of 1.5 H . If the current in one coil changes from 0 to 20
A in 0.5 s, what is the change of flux linkage with the other coil?

19. (i) A 15.0 mF capacitor is connected to a 220 V, 50 Hz source. Find the capacitive reactance and the current
(rms and peak) in the circuit. If the frequency is doubled, what happens to the capacitive reactance and
the current?

(ii) A 100 W resistor is connected to a 220 V, 50 Hz ac supply.

(a) What is the rms value of current in the circuit?
(b) What is the net power consumed over a full cycle?

(iii) (a) The peak voltage of an ac supply is 300 V . What is the rms voltage?
(b) The rms value of current in an ac circuit is 10 A. What is the peak current ?

(iv) A 44 mH inductor is connected to 220 V, 50 Hz ac supply . Determine the rms value of the current in the
circuit.

(v) A 60 mF capacitor is connected to a 110 V, 60 Hz ac supply . Determine the rms value of the current in the
circuit.

(vi) In problem 19(iv), 19(v) , what is the net power absorbed by each circuit over a complete cycle. Explain
your answer.

(vii) Obtain the resonant frequency wr of a series LCR circuit with L = 2.0H, C = 32 mF and R= 10W. What is
the Q-value of this circuit?

(viii) A pure inductor of 25.0 mH is connected to a source of 220 V. Find the inductive reactance and rms
current in the circuit if the frequency of the source is 50 Hz.

(ix) In the figure shows, a series LCR circuit connected to a variable frequency 230 V source, L = 5.0 H, C =
80mF, R = 40 W.

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad 9334350306, 9431502119 P-36

 R

(a) Determine the source frequency which drives the circuit in C

~e
resonance.
(b) Obtain the impedance of the circuit and the amplitude of L
current at the resonating frequency.
(c) Determine the rms potential drops across the three elements of the circuit. Show that the potential
drop across the LC combination is zero at the resonating frequency.

(x) A coil of inductance 0.50 H and resistance 100 W is connected to a 240 V, 50 Hz ac supply.
(a) What is the maximum current in the coil?
(b) What is the time lag between the voltage maximum and the current maximum?

(xi) Obtain the answers (a) and (b) in problem 19(x) . If the circuit is connected to a high frequency supply
(240 V, 10 kHz) . Hence , explain the statement that at very high frequency, an inductor in a circuit
nearly amounts to an open circuit. How does an inductor behave in a dc circuit after the steady state?

(xii) A light bulb is rated at 100 W for a 200 V supply. Find (a) The resistance of the bulb (b) the peak voltage
of the source ; and (c) the rms current through the bulb.

20. (i) A series LCR circuit with R = 20W, L = 1.5 H and C = 35mF is connected to a variable - frequency 200 V
ac supply. When the frequency of the supply equals the natural frequency of the circuit , what is the
average power transferred to the circuit in one complete cycle?

(ii) A series LCR circuit with L = 0.12 H, C = 480 nF , R = 23 W is connected to a 230 V variable frequency
supply.
(a) What is the source frequency for which current amplitude is maximum. Obtain this maximum
value.
(b) What is the source frequency for which average power absorbed by the circuit is maximum . Obtain
the value of this maximum power.
(c) For which frequencies of the source is the power transferred to the circuit half the power at resonant
frequency ? What is the current amplitude at these frequencies?
(d) What is Q-factor of the given circuit?

(iii) Obtain the resonant frequency Q-factor of a series LCR circuit with L = 3.0 H, C = 24 mF and R = 7.4 W.
It is desired to improve the sharpness of the resonance of the circuit by reducing its ‘full width at half
maximum’ by a factor of 2. Suggest a suitable way.

(iv) A circuit containing a 80 mH inductor and a 60 mF capacitor in series is connected to a 230 V, 50 Hz

supply. The resistance of the circuit is negligible.
(a) Obtain the current amplitude and rms values.
(b) Obtain the rms values of potential drops across each element.
(c) What is the average power transferred to the inductor?
(d) What is the average power transferred to the capacitor?
(e) What is total average power absorbed by the circuit? [Average’ implies averaged over one cycle’.]

(v) A 100 mF capacitor in series with a 40 W resistance is connected to a 110 V, 60 Hz supply.

(a) What is the maximum current in the circuit?
(b) What is the time lag between the current maximum and the voltage maximum?

(vi) Obtain the answers (a) and (b) in problem20(v) if the circuit is connected to a 110 V, 12 kHz supply ?
Hence , explain the statement that a capacitor is a conductor at very high frequencies . Compare this
behaviour with that of a capacitor in a dc circuit after the steady state.

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad 9334350306, 9431502119 P-37

 (vii). Keeping the source frequency equal to the resonating frequency of the series LCR circuit, if the three
elements , L, C and R are arranged in parallel, show that the total current in the parallel LCR circuit is
minimum at this frequency . Obtain the current rms value in each branch of the circuit for the elements
and source specified in problem 7.11 for this frequency.

(viii) Suppose the circuit in problem 20(iv) has a resistance of 15W obtain the average power transferred to
each element of the circuit, and the total power absorbed.

(ix) A resistor of 200 W and a capacitor of 15.0 mF are connected in series to a 220 V, 50 Hz ac source . (a)
Calculate the current in the circuit (b) Calculate the voltage (rms) across the resistor and the capacitor.
Is the algebraic sum of these voltages more than the source voltage? If yes, resolve the paradox.

(x) A sinusoidal voltage of peak value 283 V and frequency 50 Hz is applied to a series LCR circuit in
which R = 3W, L = 25.48 mH, and C = 796 mF. Find (a) the impedance of the circuit; (b) the phase
difference between the voltage across the source and the current (c) the power dissipated in the circuit ;
and (d) the power factor.

(xi) Suppose the frequency of the source in the previous problem can be varied (a) What is the frequency of
the source at which resonance occurs? (b) Calculate the impedance , the current and the power
dissipated at the resonant condition.

21. (i) A power transmission line feeds input power at 2300 V to a step -down transformer with its primary
windings having 4000 turns . What should be the number of turns in the secondary in order to get output
power at 230 V?

(ii) A small town with a demand of 800 kW of electric power at 220 V is situated 15 km away from an
electric plant generating power at 440 V. The resistance of the two wire line carrying power is 0.5 W per
km. The town gets power from the line through a 4000-220 V step-down tranformer at a sub-station in
the town.
(a) Estimate the line power loss in the form of heat
(b) How much power must the plant supply, assuming there is negligible power loss due to leakage?
(c) Characterise the step up transformer at the plant.

(iii) Do the same problem as above with the replacement of the earlier transformer by a 40,000-220 V step-
down transformer [Neglect , as before , leakage losses thought this may not be a good assumption any
longer because of the very high voltage transmission involved). Hence , explain why voltage
transmission is preferred?

(iv) At a hydroelectric power plant, the water pressure head is at a height of 300 m and the water flow
3 -1
available is 100 m s . If the turbine generator efficiency is 60% , estimate the electric power available
from the plant (g = 9.8 ms-2)

22. (i) Answer the following questions

(a) In any a.c circuit , is the applied instantaneous voltage equal to the algebraic sum of the
instantaneous voltages across the series elements of the circuit? Is the same true rms voltage?
(b) A capacitor is used in the primary circuit of an induction coil.
(c) An applied voltage signal consists of a superposition of a dc voltage and an ac voltage of high
frequency . The circuit consists of an inductor and a capacitor in series. Show that the dc signals will
appear across C and the ac signal across L.
(d) A choke coil in series with a lamp is connected to a dc line. The lamp is seen to shine brightly.
Insertion of an iron core in the choke causes no change in the lamp’s brightness. Predict the
corresponding observations if the connection is to an ac line.
(e) Why is choke coil needed in the use of fluorescent tubes with ac mains? Why can we not use an

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad 9334350306, 9431502119 P-38

ordinary resistor instead of the choke coil.

(ii) (a) Four circuits used for transporting electric power, a low power factor implies large power loss in
transmission. Explain . (b) Power factor can ofter be improved by the use of a capacitor of appropriate
capacitance in the circuit. Explain.

(iii) At an airport , a person is made to walk through the doorway of a metal detector , for security reasons. If
she/ he carrying anything made of metal, the metal detector emits a sound. On what principle does this
detector work?

(iv) A lamp is connected in series with a capacitor, predict your observations for dc and ac connections.
What happens in each case if the capacitance of the capacitor is reduced?
(v) A light bulb and an open coil inductor are connected to an ac
source through a key as shown in figure. The switch is closed and
after sometime an iron rod is inserted into the interior of the
inductor. The glow of the light bulb (a) increases (b) decreases (c)
is unchanged as the iron rod is inserted. Give your answer with
reasons.
~
23. (i) Show that in the free oscillation of an LC circuits, sum of energies
stored in the capacitor and the inductor is constant in time.

(ii) A charged 30 mF capacitor is connected to a 27 mH inductor. What is the angular frequency of free
oscillations of the circuit?

(iii) Suppose the initial charge on the capacitor in problem 23(ii) is 6 mC. What is the total energy stored in
the circuit initially? What is the total energy at later time?

(iv) An LC circuit contains a 20 mH inductor and a 50mF capacitor with an initial charge of 10 mC. The
resistance of the circuit is negligible . Let the instant the circuit is closed be t = 0.
(a) What is the total energy stored initially? Is it conserved during LC oscillations?
(b) What is the natural frequency of the circuit?
(c) At what time is the energy stored (i) completely electrical (i.e. stored in the capacitor)? (ii)
Completely magnetic (i.e. is stored in the inductor)?
(d) At what times is the total energy shared equally between the inductor and the capacitor?
(e) If a resistor is inserted in the circuit, how much energy is eventually dissipated as heat?

(v) A radio can tune over the frequency range of a portion of MW broadcast band : (800 kHz to 1200 kHz).
If its LC circuit has an effective inductance of 200 mH, what must be the range of its variable capacitor?
[Hint : For tuning , the natural frequency i.e. , the frequency of free oscillations of the LC circuit should
be equal to the frequency of the radio wave.]

24. (i) The magnetic field in a plane electromagnetic wave is given by By = 2 ´ 10-7 sin (0.5 ´ 103 x + 1.5 ´ 1011
t)T.
(a) What is the wavelength and frequency of the wave?
(b) Write an expression for the electric field.

(ii) A plane electromagnetic wave of frequency 25 MHz travels in free space along the x-direction. At a
® Ù ®
particular point in space and time, E = 6.3 J V/m. What is B at this point?

(iii) Suppose that the electric field amplitude of an electromagnetic wave is E0 = 120 N/C and that its
® ®
frequency is n = 50.0 MHz (a) Determine B0 , w, k and l (b) Find expressions for E and B .

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad 9334350306, 9431502119 P-39

 (iv) The amplitude of the magnetic field part of a harmonic electromagnetic wave in vacuum is B0 = 510 nT.
What is the amplitude of the electric field part of the wave?
9
(v) A charged particle oscillates about its mean equilibrium position with a frequency of 10 Hz. What I the
frequency of the electromagnetic waves produced by the oscillator?
®
(vi) Suppose that the electric field part of an electromagnetic wave in vacuum is E = ((3.1 N/C) cos ((1.8
Ù
rad /m) y + (5.4 ´ 106 rad/s) t))i .
(a) What is the direction of propagation?
(b) What is the wavelength l?
(c) What is the frequency n ?
(d) What is the amplitude of the magnetic field part of the wave ?
(e) Write an expression for the magnetic field part of the wave.

10
(vii) In a plane electromagnetic wave, the electric field oscillates sinusoidally at a frequency of 2.0 ´ 10 Hz
and amplitude 48 V m-1.
(a) What is the wavelength of the wave?
(b) What is the amplitude of the oscillating magnetic
®
field? ®
(c) Show that the average energy density of the E field equals the average energy density of the B
field. [c = 3 ´ 108 m s-1]

(viii)A parallel plate capacitor with circular plates of radius 1 m has a

capacitance of 1 nF. AT t = 0, It is connected for charging in
series with a resistor R = 1MW across a 2V battery (in the
figure) . Calculate the magnetic field at a point P, halfway O P OP = 0.5 m
-3
between the centre and the periphery of the plates , after t = 10 1 MW
s. (The charge on the capacitor, at time t is , q (t) = CV [ 1 - exp
(-t / t) ], where the time constant t is equal to CR] 2V

25. (i) Calculate the electric and magnetic fields produced by the radiation coming from a 100 W bulb at a
distance of 3 m. Assume that the efficiency of the bulb is 2.5% and it is a point source.
2
(ii) Light with an energy flux of 18 W/cm falls on a non reflecting surface at normal incidence . If the
surface has an area of 20 cm2, find the average force exerted on the surface during a 30 minute time
span.

(iii) About 5% of the power of a 100 W light bulb is converted to visible radiation. What is the average
intensity of visible radiation.
(a) At a distance of 1m from the bulb?
(b) At a distance of 10 m? Assume that the radiation is emitted isostropically and neglect reflection.

26. (i) Answer the following questions :

(a) Long distance radio broadcasts use short-wave bands. Why?
(b) It is necessary to use satellites for long distance TV transmission. Why?
(c) Optical and radiotelescopes are built on the ground but X-ray astronomy is possible only from
satellites orbitting the earth. Why?
(d) The small ozone layer on top of the stratosphere is crucial for human survival. Why?
(e) If the earth did not have an atmosphere, would its average surface temperature be higher or lower
than what it is now?
(f) Some scientists have predicted that a global nuclear war on the earth would be followed by a severe
‘nuclear winter’ with a devastating effect on life on earth. What might be the basis of this prediction?

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad 9334350306, 9431502119 P-40

 (ii) Given below are some famous numbers associated with electromagnetic radiations in different
contexts in physics . State the part of the electromagnetic spectrum to which each belongs.
(a) 21 cm (wavelength emitted by atomic hydrogen in interstellar space).
(b) 1057 MHz (frequency of radiation arising from two close energy levels in hydrogen ; know as Lamb
shift).
(c) 2.7 K (temperature associated with the isotropic radiation filling all space-thought to be a relic of the
‘big-bang’ origin of the universe)
(d) 5890 A° - 5896 A° [double lines of sodium]
(e) 14.4 keV [energy of a particular transition in 57Fe nucleus associated with a famous high resolution
spectroscopic method (Mossbauer spectroscopy)].

(iii) A plane electromagnetic wave travels in vacuum along z-direction . What can you say about the
directions of its electric and magnetic field vectors? If the frequency of the wave is 30 MHz, what is its
wavelength?

(iv) A radio can tune in to any station the 7.5 MHz to 12 MHz band . What is the corresponding wavelength
band?

°
(v) What physical quantity is the same for X-rays of wavelength 10-10m, red light of wavelength 6800A
and radiowaves of wavelength 500 m ?

(vi) A parallel plate capacitor as shown in the figure, made of circular

plates each of radius R = 6.0 cm has a capacitance C = 100 pF .
The capacitor is connected so a 230 V ac supply with a (angular )
frequency of 300 rad s-1.
(a) What is the rms value of the conduction current?
(b) Is the conduction current equal
®
to the displacement current ?
(c) Determine the amplitude of B at a point 3.0 cm from the axis
between the plates.
~
(vii) Figure shows a capacitor made of two circular plates each of
radius 12 cm, and separated by 5.0 cm. The capacitor is being
charged by an external source (not shown in the figure) . The
charging current is constant and equal to 0.15 A.
(a) Calculate the capacitance and the rate of charge of
potential difference between the plates.
(b) Obtain the displacement current across the plates.
(c) Is Kirchhoff’s first rule (junction rule) valid at each plate of the capacitor? Explain.

(viii)The terminology of different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum is given in the text. Use the formula
E = hn (for energy of a quantum of radiation ; photon) and obtain the photon energy in units of eV for
different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. In what way are the different scales of photon energies
that you obtain related to the sources of electromagnetic radiation?

(ix) Use the formula lm T = 0.29 cm K to obtain the characteristic temperature ranges for different parts of
the electromagnetic spectrum. What do the numbers that you obtain tell you?

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad 9334350306, 9431502119 P-41

 ANSWER (Section - B)
ma 0 2ma 0
1. (i) 3.0 (ii) towards west , downward (iii) 49 m/s
e ev0
-6
2. (i) 3.7 ´ 10 m (ii) (a) Left (b) »1.5 cm (iii) 0.75 mm

3. (i) Ö2 B0 il (ii) 0.02 N on each wire , on da and cb towards left and on dc and ab downward.
μ mg i l bB
(iii) 4.9 ´ 10-5T (iv) (v)
il μ mg

2 π a 2i B0
4. (i) 2paiB perpendicular to plane of figure going in to it. (ii)
a 2 + d2
5. (ii) ilB (iii) 2iRB, upward in the figure

ia 2 B
6. (i) (a) idlB towards the centre (b) iaB (ii) 7. (i) 2iBa (ii) iB0l
πr 2Y

8. (i) (a) evB (b) vB (c) lBv (ii) (a) i (b) iB

upwards in the figure
Ane An
iB i Bd
(c) (d)
Ane Ane
9. (i) 2 cm (ii) 12 cm
mv m mv m
(iii) (a) (b) p - 2q (c) (π - 2 θ) (d) , π + 2 θ, (π + 2 θ)
qB qB qB qB
qBd d 3d πm
(iv) (a) (b) , (c)
2m 2 2 6qB
(d) The particles stick together and the combined mass moves with constant speed vm along the
straight line drawn upward in the plane of figure through the point of collision.
12 14
(v) 8 cm (vi) (a) p/2 (b) p/6 (c) p (vii) C and C

10. (i) 1.0 ´ 104 N/C, 0.05 T (ii) 2qE 0 z

m

11. (i) 0.5 T (ii) 0.13 N-m i L2(a)

(iii) B i L2(b)
B
4π 16
qω q ω r2
12. (i) (a) (b)
2π 2

13. (i) 5.0 mT

(ii) (a) looking along the current, at the leftmost points on the wire’s surface , B + μ 0 i .
2πr
μ0 i μ0 i μ0 i
(b) zero if r £ ,B- if r >
2π B 2π r 2π B
μ0 i
(iii) 1.0 mm west to the wire (iv) (a) zero (b)
2π b

14. (i) (a) 0.67 ´ 10-4 T (b) 2.7 ´ 10-4 T (c) 2.0 ´ 10-4 T (d) 1.0 ´ 10-4 T
-4 -4
(ii) (a) zero (b) Q1 : 1.1 ´ 10 T, € , Q2 : zero, Q3 : 1.1 ´ 10 T, Ä, and Q4 : zero
(iii) 0.07

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad 9334350306, 9431502119 P-42

 2μ 0 i 2μ 0 i æ 1 1 ö
15. (i) ,Ä (ii) ç - ÷, € (iii) zero
3 πa πa è 5 3 3 ø
μ0 i α
(iv) , cot
2π x 4

π π
μ 0 in 2 sin tan
16. (i) (a) n n
2π 2 r
(ii) At a distance of 4r/p from the centre in such a way that the direction of the current in it is opposite to
that in the nearest part of the circular wire.
-4
18. (i) zero on the middle wire and 6.0 ´ 10 N towards the middle wire on each of the rest two.
(ii) 2 cm from the 10 A current and 8 cm from the other
-5
(iii) (b) 1.6 ´ 10 N towards right
-10 15 -19
19. (i) 6 ´ 10 T (ii) 1.88 ´ 10 m/s 20. 16p ´ 10 N
2 μ0 π i I r
21. (i) μ 0 π i I r (ii)
2R 4R

22. (ii) 0, m0 K towards right in the figure, 0

μ 0ni
23. (i) 5000 turns/m (ii) (a) (iii) 1V (iv) μ 0 q r n i
2
æ 2a ö 2m
1+ ç ÷ 2 2
Blv è l ø B l v
24. (i) (ii) (a) (b) l/v
2r ( l + vt) 2r ( l + vt )

Bl v B2 l 2 v B2 l 2 x m v0 (R + r )
(iii) (a) (b) towards left (c) v = v 0 - (d)
R+r m(R + r) m ( R + r) B2 l 2

-1
(iv) tan (1/3) (v) (a) 0.1 mA (b) zero (vi) (a) 0.1mA (b) 0.2 mA

2 2
(viii) ir - Bl v (ix) 2 l / g (x) (a) R F- vl B (b) R F
2r mR l 2 B2

(xi) (a) vBl vBl B2 l 2 mgr

(b) , b to a (c) g - v (d)
r mr B2 l 2
- gt / v m v 2m
(e) v m (1 - e ) (f) v m t - (1 - e - gt / v m )
g
(xii) (a) zero (b) vB(bc) , positive at c (c) zero (d) vB(bc), positive at a
-4 -4 -4
(xiiiA) (a) 3 ´ 10 V, (b) zero (c) 3 ´ 10 V and (d) zero , (xiiiB) 2 ´ 10 J

(xiv) B0 v 0 l (xv)
μ 0 iv æ 2x + l ö
ln ç ÷
2 2π è 2x - l ø

μ 0 ia æ a ö μ 0 ai0 ω cos ωt æ a ö 5μ 0 2a 2i 0 2ω 2æ a ö
(xvi) (a) ln ç1 + ÷ (b) In ç1 + ÷ (c) ln ç1 + ÷
2π è bø 2π è bø 2πr è bø

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad 9334350306, 9431502119 P-43

 mg μil vb
(xvii) (xviii) (xix) 0.09 V
m + CB 2 l 2 2π a(a + l )

(xx) 1 mV (xxi) (a) 2rvB (b) zero

(xxii) (a) At the ends of the diameter perpendicular to the velocity, 2 rvB.
(b) At the ends of the diameter parallel to the velocity, zero.

1 2 ωa 3 B2
25. (i) 9.4 ´ 10-6V (ii) ωr B (iii) 0.5 mA, leaves (iv) to the right of OA in the figure.
2 2R
-3
26. (i) (a) volt/sec, volt , volt-sec (or weber) (b) 1.2 V (ii) 7.8 ´ 10 V
-10 -4
(iii) (a) 50 V (b) 50 V (c) zero (iv) 1 ´ 10 V (v) BA / R (vi) 2 ´ 10 C
2 -3
(vii) (a) 2Bav (b) 2Bav/R (c) a B/R (viii) (a) 0.015 V (b) 7.5 ´ 10 V (c) Zero
-7 -7
(ix) (a) 1.25 ´ 10 A, a to d (b) 1.25 ´ 10 A, d to a (c) zero (d) zero

πμ 0 Na 2 a ¢2 ε Rv
(x) where R ¢ = R for part (a) and R/2 for part (b).
2L(a 2 + x 2 ) 3/2 (R ¢ + r) 2

-6 r dB
(xi) 1.57 ´ 10 V (xii)
2 dt
-8 -7 -7
(xiii) (a) 1.6 ´ 10 weber (b) 1.2 ´ 10 V/m (c) 5.6 ´ 10 V/m
-3 -5 -5
27. (i) (a) 2.0 ´ 10 V (b) zero (c) 5.0 ´ 10 C (ii) 4.7 ´ 10 C

-2 μ0 a æ a ö
28. (i) 0.4 H (ii) 4 ´ 10 H (iii) 2.5 V (iv)ln ç1 + ÷
2π è b ø
μ 0 πa 2a ¢2
(v) N (vi) 2.0 ´ 10-2 H (vii) (a) pm0i0 nNwR2 cos wt (b) pm0 nNR2
2(a 2 + x 2 ) 3/2
-4
29. 6 ´ 10 V
1
30. (i) 0.50 s (ii) τ ln
2- 2

εì L ü ε2 ì L ü ε2 ì L ü
31. (i) (a) ít - (1 - x)ý (b) ít - (1 - x)ý (c) ít - (3 - 4x + x 2 )ý
Rî R þ Rî R þ R î 2R þ
Lε 2
(d) (1 - x) 2 where x = e - Rt/L
2R 2
ε (R 1 + R 2 ) L ε
(ii) (a) (b) (c)
R1 R 2 R1 + R2 R 1e
-4 -14 -14
32. (i) 7.9 ´ 10 J (ii) 8p ´ 10 J (iii) 2.55 ´ 10 J

33. (i) 2.5 ms (ii) 311 V, 2.5 ms (iii) 0.39 A (iv) 17 volts

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad 9334350306, 9431502119 P-44

 i0
(v) 210 V (vi) (e 2 - 1)/2 -3
(vii) 1.0 ´10 A, 0.01A, 0.05A, 0.1 A
e
(viii) 5/8 W (ix) 0.10 A, 1.5 W (x) 1.2 H (xi) (a) 0.10 A (b) 50 V, 30 V, 10 V

(xii) 25 mJ, 5 mJ (xiii) (a) 27 Hz (b) 2 mA (xiv) 1.5 A (xv) Zero

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad 9334350306, 9431502119 P-45

 ANSWER (Section - C)
1. (i) (a) Along -ve z-axis. (b) Along +ve z-axis
® ®
(ii) (a) Initial v is either parallel or anti parallel to B .
®
(b) Yes, because magnetic force can change the direction of v , not its magnitude.

me V 2me ´ kinetic energy

(iii) R = = = 11.3 m
eB eB
Up or down deflection = R (1 - cos θ) where sin θ = 0.3 /11.3. We get deflection = 4mm.
2. (i) 4.2 cm (ii) 18MHz ®
(iii) (a) Circular trajectory of radius 1.0 mm normal to B (b) Helical trajectory of radius 0.5 mm with
®
velocity component 2.3 ´ 107 m s-1 along B .
(iv) 26 cm, 2MHz, 2.5 KeV

3. (i) (a) 3 ´ 10-5 N/m (b) 0 (ii) 0.6 Nm-1

(iii) 8.1 ´ 10-2 N; direction of force given by Fleming’s left hand rule.
(iv) (a) 2.1 N vertically downwards (b) 2.1 N vertically downwards (true for angle between
®
current direction and B since l sin q remains fixed, equal to 20 cm) (c) 1.68 N vertically downwards.
(v) (a) A horizontal magnetic field of magnitude 0.26 T normal to the conductor in such a direction that
Fleming’s left-hand rule gives a magnetic force upward.
(b) 1.176 N.
(vi) 0.65 T (viii) 0.96 NM
® ® ®
(ix) (a) 3.1 Nm . (b) No, the answer is unchanged because the formula t = NIA ´ B is true for a
planar loop of any shape.
® ® ® ® ® ®
(x) Use t = IA ´ B and F = IL ´ B
(a) 1.8 ´ 10-2 N m along -y direction (b) same as in (a)
-2
(c) 1.8 ´ 10 N m along -x direction (d) 1.8 ´ 10-2 N m at an angle of 240° with the +x
direction
(e) zero (f) zero force is zero in each case. Case (e) corresponds to stable, and case (f)
corresponds to unstable equilibrium.
-25
(xi) (a) zero (b) zero (c) force on each electron is evB = IB/(nA) = 5 ´ 10 N.
2 2 -4 2
(xii) 0.01T (xiii) Use I = mB /( 4p v ); m = NIA to get I = 1.2 ´ 10 kg m .
-2
(xiv) Magnitude of the other field = 1.2 ´ 10 ´ sin 15° = 4.4 ´ 10- 3 T
sin45°
-8
5. (i) 4 ´ 10 T along +ve z-direction
(ii) (a) zero (b) it will be half of circular loop (c) magnitude will be same but direction
opposite
æ μI æ μI ö ö
ç B = 0 for r > a and B = ç 0 2 ÷ r for r < a ÷
ç ç ÷ ÷
(iii) 6.28 ´ 10-4T è (iv)2 πr è 2πa ø ø

(v) (a) 2 ´ 10-3 T (b) 10Am (c) ti = 0, tf= 20Nm (d) 20 s-1 (vi) p ´ 10-4T » 3.1 ´ 10-4T
(vii) 3.5 ´ 10-5T (viii) 4 ´ 10-6 T , vertical up (ix) 1.2 ´ 10-5 , towards south
(xi) (b) In a small region of length 2d about the mid-point between the coils.
-3/2 -3/2
μ 0 I R 2 N éêïìæ R ü ù
2 2
ö ü
2ï
ìïæ R ö 2ï
B= ´ íç + d ÷ + R ý + íç - d ÷ + R ý ú
2 êïîè 2 ø ïþ ïîè 2 ø ïþ ú
ë û

(x) 5p ´ 10-4T = 1.6 ´ 10-3 T towards west.

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad 9334350306, 9431502119 P-46

 -3/2 -3/2 -3/2
μ 0 IR 2 N æ 5R 2 ö éæ 4d ö æ 4d ö ù
= ´ çç ÷÷ ´ êç1 + ÷ + ç1 - ÷ ú
2 è 4 ø ëêè 5R ø è 5R ø ûú
3/2
μ IR 2 N æ 4 ö é 6d 6d ù
= 0 3 ´ ç ÷ ´ ê1 - +1+
2R è5ø ë 5R 5R úû
where in the second and third steps above, terms containing d 2 /R 2 and higher powers of
d
d/R are neglected since << 1. The terms linear in d/R cancel giving a uniform field B in a
R
3/2
æ4ö μ 0 IN μ IN
small region : B = ç ÷ = 0.72 0
è5ø R R
-3 -3 -2
(xii) 6.28 ´ 10 T (xiii) 8 p ´ 10 T » 2.5 ´ 10 T
(xiv) Length about 50 cm, radius about 4 cm, number of turns about 400 , current about 10 A . These
particulars are not unique. some adjustment with limits is possible.
(xv) 108 A (xvi) B for a toroid is given by the same formula as for solenoid B = m0 nI, where n in
this case is given by n = N/2pr. The field is non zero only inside the core surrounded by the windings. (a)
-2
Zero (b) 3.0 ´ 10 T . (c) zero. Note , the field varies slightly across the cross-section of the toroid as r
varies from the inner to outer radius. Answer (b) corresponds to the mean radius r = 25.5 cm.

6. (i) 2 ´ 10-5N; attractive force normal to A towards B

-1
(ii) 1.2 N m repulsive. Note , obtaining total force on the wire as 1.2 ´ 0.7 = 0.84 N, is only
approximately correct because the formula F = (m0/2pr) I1 I2 for force per unit length is strictly valid for
infinitely long conductors.
(iii) Deuterium ions or deuterons; the answer is not unique because only the ratio of charge to mass is
++ +++
determined. Other possible answers are He , Li , etc.

7. (i) (a) 0.048A (b) 0.99A (c) 1.00A

(ii) (a) 1.4 (b) 1
(iii) Resistance in series = 5988W.
(iv) shunt resistance = 10 mW.

8. (ii) BEQ = 3.2´ 10-7 T, BAX = 6.4 ´ 10-7 T

(iii) (a) 0.96 G along S-N direction (b) 0.48 G along N-S direction
-1
(iv) 0.36 JT
® ® -2
(v) (a) M parallel to B; U = -MB = -4.8 ´ 10 J; stable
® ® -2
(b) M anti parallel to B; U = +MB = +4.8 ´ 10 J; unstable.
(vi) (a) (i) 0.33 J (ii) 0.66 J (b) (i) Torque of magnitude 0.33 J in a direction
®
that tends to align the magnetic moment vector along B. (ii) Zero
2
(vii) (a) 0.4 Am (b) 0.064 J (c) 2A

9. (iii) (a) magnetic declination, angle of dip, horizontal component of earth’s magnetic field
(b) Greater in Britain (It is about 70°) , because Britain is closer to the magnetic north pole
®
(c) Field lines of B due to the earth’s magnetism would seem to come out of the ground
(d) A compass is free to move in a horizontal plane, while the earth’s field is exactly vertical at the
magnetic poles. So the compass®can pont in any direction there. ®
(e) Use the formula for field B on the normal bisector of a dipole of magnetic moment M, BE = - μ 0 M
4π r 3
® 22 -1 6
Take M = 8 ´ 10 J T , r = 6.4 ´ 10 m; one gets B = 0.3 G, which checks with the order of
magnitude of the observed field on the earth. (f) Why not? The earth’s field is only approximately a
dipole field. Local N-S poles may arise due to, for instance, magnetized mineral deposits.

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad 9334350306, 9431502119 P-47

 (iv) (a) Yes, it does change with time. Time scale for appreciable change is roughly a few hundred
years. But even on a much smaller scale of a few years, its variations are not completely negligible.
(b) Because molten iron (which is the phase of the iron at the high temperatures of the corel) is not
ferromagnetic.
(c) One possibility is the radioactivity in the interior of the earth. But nobody really knows. You
should consult a good modern text on geomagnetism for a proper view of the question.
(d) Earth’s magnetic field gets weakly ‘recorded’ in certain rocks during solidification. Analysis of
this rock magnetism offers clues to geomagnetic history
(e) At large distances, the field gets modified due to the field of ions in motion (in the earth
ionosphere). The latter is sensitive to extra-terrestrial disturbances such as , the solar wind.
(f) From the relation R = mv/eB , an extremely minute field bends charged particles in a circle of
very large radius. Over a small distance, the deflection due to the circular orbit of such large R may not
be noticeable, but over the gigantic interstellar distances, the deflection can significantly affect the
passage of charged particles for example , cosmic rays.

(v) (a) The tendency to disrupt the alignment of dipoles (with the magnetising field) arising from
random thermal motion is reduced at lower temperatures.
(b) The induced dipole moment in a diamagnetic sample is always opposite to the magnetising field,
no matter what the internal motion of the atoms is.
(c) Slightly less, since bismuth is diamagnetic.
(d) No, as it evident from the magnetisation curve. From the slope of magnetisation curve, it is clear
that m is greater for lower fields.
(e) Proof
®
of®this important fact (of much practical use) is based on boundary conditions of magnetic
fields (B and H) at the interface of two media. (When one of the media has m >>1, the field lines meet
this medium nearly normally) Details are beyond the scope of our syllabus.
(f) Yes, Apart from minor differences in strength of the indicidual atomic dipoles of two different
materials, a paramagnetic sample with saturated magnetisation will have the same order of
magnetisation. But of course, saturation requires impractically high magnetising fields.

(vi) (b) Carbon steel piece, because heat lost per cycle is proportional to the area of hysteresis loop.
(c) Magnetisation of a ferromagnet is not a sinle-valued function of the magnetising field. Its value
for a particualar field depends both on the field and also on history of magnetisation (i.e. , how many
cycles of magnetisation it has gone through, etc). In other words ,the value fo magnetisation is a record
or memory of its cycles of magnetisation. If information bits can be made to correspond to these cycles,
the system displaying such a hysteresis loop can act as a device for storing information.
(d) Ceramics (specially treated barium iron oxides) also called ferrites
(e) Surround the region by soft iron rings. Magnetic field lines will be drawn into the rings and the
enclosed space will be free of magnetic field. But his shielding is only approximate, unlike the perfect
electric shielding of a cavity in a conductor placed in an external electric field.

10. (i) 1.05 ´ 1023 Am2 (ii) 0.52 G (iii) B = 0.35 sec 22°» 0.38 G
(iv) The earth’s lies in the vertical plane 12° west of the geographic meridian making an angle of 60°
(upwards) with the horizontal (magnetic south to magnetic north ) direction. Magnitude = 0.32 G.
(v) Parallel to and above the cable at a distance at 1.5 cm.
(vi) below the cable
R h = 0.39 cos35° - 0.2 = 0.12 G
R V = 0.39 sin35° = 0.22G, R = R 2h + R 2v = 0.25G
RV
θ = tan -1 = 62°
Rh
Above the cable :
R h = 0.39 cos 35° + 0.2 = 0.52 G
R v = 0.224 G, R = 0.57 G, θ » 23°
I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad 9334350306, 9431502119 P-48
 (vii) (a) Bh = (m0IN/2r)cos 45° = 0.39 G
(b) East to west (i.e. the needle will reverse its original direction).
(viii) 0.54 G in the direction of earth’s field.
-1/3
(ix) At 14 ´ 2 = 11.1 cm on the normal bisector.
3 -4
(x) (a) (m0m)/(4pr ) = 0.42 ´ 10 which gives r = 5.0 cm
(b) (2m0m)/(4pr1 )=0.42 ´ 10-4 i.e., r1 = 21/3 r = 6.3 cm.
3

11. (i) (a) H = 2 ´ 103 A/m (b) M = 8 ´ 105 A/m (c) B =1 T (d) Im = 794 A
-1
(ii) 0.60 JT along the axis of the solenoid determined by the sense of flow of the current.
-2
(iii) 7.5 ´ 10 J
2
(iv) (a) 1.28 A m along the axis in the direction related to the sense of current via the right-handed
screw rule.
(b) Force is zero in uniform field; torque = 0.048
®
Nm in a direction that tends to align the axis of the
solenoid (i.e. its magnetic moment vector) along B.

12. (i) 8.65 ´ 1010 atom, 8.0 ´ 10-13 Am2, 8.0 ´ 105 A/m
(ii) Use the formula B = mrm0NI/2pR where mr (relative permeability) to get B = 4.48 T.
(iii) Initially , total dipole moment
-23 24
= 0.15 ´ 1.5 ´ 10 ´ 2.0 ´ 10
-1
= 4.5 JT
Use Curie;s law M µ B/T to get the final dipole moment
= 4.5 ´ (0.98/0.84) ´ (4.2 /2.8)
= 7.9 JT-1
® ®
(iv) of the two, the relation mt = - (e/2m)1 is in accordance with classical physics. It follows easily from
® ®
the definitions of me and 1 :
2 2
ml= IA = (e/T) pr , l = mvr = m2pr /T
Where r is the radius of the circular orbit which the electron of mass m and charge (-e) complets in time
T. Clearly ml /l = e/2m.
® ®
Since charge of the electron is negative (= - e), it is easily seen that m and 1 are antiparallel, both normal
to the plane of the orbit. ®
®
Therefore , m1 = -(e/2m)1. Note ms/S in contrast to ml / l is e/m , i.e. twice the classically expected value.
This latter result (verified experimentally) is an outstanding consequence of modern quantum theory
and cannot be obtained classically.

13. (v) (a) Along qrpq (b) Along prq. along yzx (c) Along yzx
(d) Along zyx (e) Along xry
(f) No induced current since field lines lie in the plane of the loop
(vi) (a) Along abcd (flux through the surface increases during shape change , so induced current
produces opposing flux)
(b) Along a¢ d¢ c¢ b¢ (flux decrease during the process) (vii) 1.0 mv, 2 mA
-6
(viii) 7.5 ´ 10 V

-4 -4
14. (i) (a) 2.4 ´ 10 V, lasting 2 s (b) 0.6 ´ 10 V, lasting 8 s
(ii) Rate of change of flux due to explicit time variation in B
= 1.44 ´ 10-4 m2 ´ 10-3 Ts-1
= 1.44 ´ 10-5 Wb s-1
Rate of change of flux due to motion of the loop in a non-uniform B
-4 2 -3 -1 -1
= 144 ´ 10 m ´ 10 T cm ´ 8 cm s

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad 9334350306, 9431502119 P-49

 = 11.52 ´ 10-5 Wb s-1
The two effects add up since both cause a decrease in flux along the positive z-direction . Therefore ,
induced emf = 12.96 ´ 10-5 V; induced current = 2.88 ´ 10-2A. The direction of induced current is such
as to increase the flux through the loop along positive z-direction. If for the observer the loop moves to
the right, the current will be seen to be anti-clockwise. A proper proof of the procedure above is as
follows :
a
φ(t) = ò aB(x.t)dx
0
a
dφ dB(x.t)
= a ò dx
dt 0
dt
dB ¶B ¶B ¶x
Using = + ´
dt ¶t ¶x ¶t
é ¶B ¶B ù
=ê +v ú
ë ¶t ¶x û
a
dφ é ¶B(x, t) ¶B(x, t) ù
we get = a ò dx ê +v
dt 0 ë ¶t ¶x úû
é ¶B ¶B ù
=Aê +v ú
ë ¶t ¶x û
2
where A = a

æ ¶B ö æ ¶B ö
The last step follows because ç ÷ , ç ÷ and v are given to be constants in the problem. Even if you
è ¶t ø è ¶x ø
do not understand this formal proof (which requires good familiarity with calculus). You will still
appreciate that flux change can occur both due to the motion of the loop as well as time variations in the
magnetic field.
μ 0a æ a ö
(iii) M = Inç1 + ÷
2π è x ø
ε = 1.7 ´ 10- 5 V

15. (ii) (a) 1.5 ´ 10-3 V, (b) West to East. (c) Eastern end.
(iii) 157 V
-5
(iv) 100 V (v) 6.28 ´ 10 V
(vi) 0.314 V ®
(vii) Vertical component of B
-4
= 5.0 ´ 10 sin 30°
-4
= 2.5 ´ 10 T
e=Blv
e = 2.5 ´ 10-4 ´ 25 ´ 500
= 3.125 V
The emf induced is 3.1 V (using significant figures) The direction of the wing is immaterial (as long as
it is horizontal) for this answer.

16. (i) 3.8 ´ 10-3V and 1.9 ´ 10-3 A

(ii) Flux through each turn of the loop = p r2B cos (wt)

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad 9334350306, 9431502119 P-50

 e = -N wp r2B sin wt Þ emax = -N wp r2B = 20 ´ 50 ´ p ´ 64 ´ 10-4 ´ 3.0 ´ 10-2 =0.603 V
eavg is zero over a cycle
Imax = 0.0603 A
Paverage = ½ emax Imax= 0.018W
The induced current causes a torque opposing the rotation of the coil. An external agent (rotor) must
supply torque (and do work) to counter this torque in order to keep the coil rotating uniformly .Thus, the
source of the power dissipated as heat in the coil is the external rotor.
2
17. (iii) (a) 1 2 (b) 1 B
B Al
2μ 0 2 2μ 0

(iv) B π a2 λ
- k̂
MR
(v) μ 0 NI
B=
l
(Inside the solenoid away from the ends)
μ NI
φ= 0 A
l
μ 0 N 2A
Total flux linkage = NΦ , = I (Ignoring end variations in B)
l
d
| ε | = (N Φ)
dt
total change in flux
| ε |av =
total time
4π ´ 10 -7 ´ 25 ´ 10 -4
| ε |av = ´ (500) 2 ´ 2.5 , = 6.5 V
0.3 ´ 10 -3
tf
(vi)
Q = ò Idt
ti
t
1 f
= ò εd t
R ti
Φ
N f
= - ò dΦ
R Φi
N
= (Φ i - Φ f )
R
for N= 25, R = 0.50 Ω , Q = 7.5 ´ 10 -3 C
Φ f = 0, A = 2.0 ´ 10 - 4 m 2 , Φ i = 1.5 ´10 - 4 Wb
B = Φ i /A = 0.75T

(vii) (a) | e | = vBl = 0.12 ´ 0.50 ´ 0.15 = 9.0 mV; p positive end and Q negative end.
(b) Yes, When k is closed, the excess charge is maintained by the continuous flow of current.
(c) Magnetic force is cancelled by the electric force set up due to the excess charge of opposite signs
at the ends of the rod.

(d) Retarding force = IBl = 9mV ´ 0.5T ´ 0.15m = 75 ´ 10 -3 N

9mΩ
I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad 9334350306, 9431502119 P-51
 (e) Power expended by an external agent against the above retarding force to keep the rod moving
-1
uniformly at 12 cm s
-3 -2 -3
= 75 ´ 10 ´ 12 ´ 10 = 9.0 ´ 10 W
When K is open , no power is expended.
(f) I3R = 1´ 1 ´ 9´10-3 = 9.0´ 10-3 W . The source of this power is the power provided by the external
agent as calculated above.
(g) Zero, motion of the rod does not cut across the field lines. [Note: length of PQ has been
considered above to be equal to the spacing between the rails]
-4 -5
(viii) Induced emf = 8 ´ 2 ´ 10 ´ 0.02 = 3.2 ´ 10 V
-5
Induced current = 2 ´ 10 A
-10
Power loss = 6.4 ´ 10 W
Source of this power is the external agent responsible for changing the magnetic field with time.
μ 0 π r12
18. (i) (ii) 4 H (iii) (a) 30 WB
2r2

19. (i) 212 W, Irms = 1.04 A, Imax = 1.47A

(ii) (a) 2.20 A (b) 484 W
300
(iii) (a) = 212.1V (b) 10 2 = 14.1 A (iv) 15.9 A (v) 2.49 A
2
-1
(vi) Zero in each case (vii) 125 s ; 25 (viii) 7.85N, 28A

(ix) (a) 50 rad s-1 (b) 40W, 8.1A

æ 1 ö
(c) VLCrms = 1437.5 V, VCrms = 1437.5V, VRrms = 230V, VLC rms = I rms çç ω0 L - ÷=0
è ω0 C ÷ø

(x) For an LR circuit , if V = V sin ωt

0

V0
I= sin (ω t - φ), where tan φ = (ω L/R).
R + ω 2 L2
2

(a) I 0 = 1.82A
(b) V is maximum at t = 0, I is maximum at t = (φ / ω).
2 πn L
Now, tan φ = = 1.571 or, φ » 57.5°
R
57.5 π 1
Therefore , time lag = ´ = 3.2ms
180 2π ´ 50
-2
(xi) (a) I0 = 1.1 ´ 10 A
(b) Tan f = 100 p, f is close to p/2. I0 is much smaller than the low frequency case (Q. No. 19 (x) )
showing thereby that at high frequencies L nearly amounts to an open circuit in a dc circuit (after steady
state) w = 0, so here L acts like a pure conductor.

(xii) (a) 484 N (b) 311 V (C) 0.450A

20. (i) 2,000 W

(ii) (a) w0 = 4167 rad s-1; n0 = 663 Hz, Imax
0 = 14.1 A
(b) P = (1/2) I20 R which is maximum at the same frequency (663 Hz) for which I0 is maximum Pmax =
2
(1/2) (Imax) R = 2300 W.

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad 9334350306, 9431502119 P-52

 (c) At w = w0 ± Dw[Approximation good if (R/2L) <<w0]. Dw = R/2L = 95.8 rad s-1; Dn = Dw/2p =
15.2Hz. Power absorbed is half the peak power at n = 648 Hz and 678 Hz.
max
At these frequencies, current amplitude is (1/Ö2) times I 0 i.e. current amplitude (at half the peak
power points) is 10 A.
(d) Q = 21.7
(iii) w0 = 111 rad s-1; Q = 45, To double Q without changing w0, reduce R to 3.7 W.
(iv) (a) For V = V0 sin wt.
V0 æ πö
I= sin ç ωt + ÷ ; if R = 0
1 è 2ø
ωL -
ωC
where - sign appears if wL > 1/wC, and + sign appears if wL < 1/wC, I0 = 11.6A, Irms = 8.24 A
(b) VLrms = 207V, VCrms = 437 V
(Note : 437 V - 207 V = 230V is equal to the applied rms voltage as should be the case. The
voltage across L and C gets subtracted because they are 180° out of phase)
(c) Whatever be the current I in L, actual voltage leads current by p/2. Therefore , average power
consumed by L is zero.
(d) For C , voltage lags by p/2 . Again , average power consumed by C is zero.
(e) Total average power absorbed is zero.

(v)
For a RC circuit , if V = V0 sin ωt
V0 1
I= sin (ω t + f ) where tan f =
R 2 + (1/ ω c) 2 ω CR
(a) I 0 = 3.23A (b) f = 33.5°
f
Time lag = = 1.55 ms
ω
(vi) (a) I0 = 3.88 A
(b) f » 0.2 and is nearly zero at high frequency. Thus, at high frequency, C acts like a conductor. For
a dc circuit, after steady state , w = 0 and C amounts to an open circuit.

(vii) Effective impedance of the parallel LCR circuit is given by

2
1 1 æ 1 ö
= 2
+ ç ωC - ÷
Z R è ωL ø
1
which is minimum at ω = ω0 =
LC
Therefore , |z| is maximum at w = w0 , and the total current amplitude is minimum.
In R branch , IRrms = 5.75 A
In L branch , ILrms = 0.92 A
In C branch , ICrms = 0.92A
Note : Total current Irms = 5.75 A, since the currents in L and C branch are 180° out of phase and add to
zero at every instant of the cycle.

(viii) Irms = 7.26 A

2
Average power to R = I rmsR=791W
Average power to L = Average power to C = 0
Total power absorbed = 791 W

I.I.T. CIRCLE, Dhanbad 9334350306, 9431502119 P-53

 (ix) (a) 0.755A (b) VR = 151V, VC = 160.3V
(x) (a) 5W (b) -53.1° (c) 4800w (d) 0.6
(xi) 35.4Hz (b) 3W (c) Irms = 66.7A, 13.35 kw.

21. (i) 400

(ii) Line resistance = 30 ´ 0.5 = 15W

800 ´ 1000 W
rms current in the line = = 200A
4000V
(a) Line power loss = (200 A)2 ´ 15 Ω = 600kW
(b) Power supply by the plant = 800 kW + 600 kW = 1400 kW
(c) Voltage drop on the line = 200 A ´ 15 Ω = 3000V.The step - up transformer at the plant
is 440 V - 7000 V.

(iii) Current = 800 ´ 1000 W = 20A

40,000V
(a) Line power loss = (20 A)2 ´ (15 W) = 6kW
(b) Power supply by the plant = 800 kW + 6KW = 806 kW
(c) Voltage drop on the line = 20A ´ 15 W = 300 V. The step up transformer is 440 V - 40.300 V . It is
clear that percentage power loss is greatly reduced by high voltage
transmission. In (Q. No. 21(ii)) , this power loss is (600/1400) ´ 100 = 43%. In this exercise , it is
only (6/806) ´ 100 = 0.74%

(iv) Hydroelectric power = hrg ´ A ´ v = h r g b, where b = Av is the flow (volume of water flowing per
second across a cross-section). Electric power available = 0.6 ´ 300 ´ 103 ´ 9.8 ´ 100W = 176 MW

22. (v) Decrease

3 -1
23. (ii) 1.1 ´ 10 s (iii) 0.6 J, same at later times.
(iv) (a) 1.0 J, yes sum of the energies stored in L and C is conserved if R = 0.
3 -1
(b) w = 10 rad s , v = 159 Hz
(c) q = q0 cos wt
T 3T
(i) Energy stored is completely electrical at t = 0, , T, ,......
2 2
(ii) Energy stored is completely magnetic (i.e. electrical energy is zero) at
T 3T 5T 1
t = , , ....., where T = = 6.3ms.
4 4 4 v
(d) T 3T 5T ωT π q
At t = , , ,..., because q = q 0 cos = q 0 cos = 0 .
8 8 8 8 4 2
2 2
q 1æ q ö
Therefore , electrical energy = = çç 0 ÷÷ which is half the total energy.
2C 2 è 2C ø
(e) R damps out the LC oscillations eventually . The whose of the initial energy (= 1.0 J) is eventually
dissipated as heat.

1 1 1
(v) n = i.e., C = 2 2 Þ For L = 200 μ H,n = 1200 kHz, C = 87.9 pF
2π LC 4π n L
For L = 200 μ H,n = 800 kHz, C = 197.8 pF
The variable capacitor should have a range of about 88 pF to 198 pF.

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24. (i) (a) 1.26 cm ,Ùf = 23.9 GHz (b) Ez = 60 sin (0.5 ´ 103 x + 1.5 ´ 1011 t)V/m
(ii) 2.1 ´ 10-8 T k
8
(iii) (a) 400 nT, 3.14 ´ 10 rad/s, 1.05 rad/m, 6.00 m.
®
(b) E = {(120 N/C) sin [(1.05 rad/m]x - (3.14 ´ 108 rad/s)t]}
® 8 Ù
B = {(400 nT) sin [(1.05 rad /m)]x - (3.14 ´ 10 rad/s)t]] k
9
(iv) 153 N/C
Ù
(v) 10 Hz
(vi) (a) -j (b) 3.5 m (c) 86 MHz
Ù
(d) 100 nT
6
(e) {(100 nT) cos [(1.8 rad/m)y + (5.4 ´ 10 rad/s)t]} k
-2 -7
(vii) (a) l = (c/v) = 1.5 ´ 10®
m (b) B0 = (E0/c) = 1.6 ´ 10 T ®
(c) Energy density in E field : uE = (1/2)e0 E2, Energy density in B field : uB = (1/2m0)B2
1
Using E = cB , and c = .u E = u B
μ 0ε 0
(viii) (0.74 ´ 10-13 T)
-9
25. (i) Erms = 2.9v/m, Brms = 9.6´ 10 T
-6
(ii) 1.2 ´ 10 N
2 2
(iii) (a) 0.4 W/m (b) 0.004 W/m

26. (i) (a) Ionosphere reflects waves in these bands.

(b) Television signals are not properly reflected by the ionosphere . Therefore, reflection is effected
by satellites.
(c) Atmosphere absorbs X-rays, while visible and radiowaves can penetrate it.
(d) It absorbs ultraviolet radiations from the sun and prevents it from reaching the earth’s surface and
causing damage to life.
(e) The temperature of the earth would be lower because the Greenhouse effect of the atmosphere
would be absent.
(f) The clouds produced by global nuclear war would perhaps cover substantial parts of the sky
preventing solar light from reaching many parts of the globe. This would cause a ‘winter’

(ii) (a) Radio (short wavelength end) (b) Radio (short wavelength end)
(c) Microwave (d) Visible (Yellow)
(e) X-rays (or soft g-tays) region
® ®
(iii) E and B in x-y plane and are mutually perpendicular , 10 m.

(iv) Wavelength band : 40 m - 25 m

8 -1
(v) The speed in vacuum is the same for all c = 3 ´ 10 m s .

(vi) (a) Irms = Vrms wC = 6.9mA

(b) Yes, The derivation in Q. No. 26 (vii) (b)) is true even if t is oscillation in time.

(c) μ0 r
Time formula B = id
2π R 2
goes through even if id (and therefore B) oscillates in time. The formula shows they oscillate in

phase. Since id = i, we have μ 0 r , where B0 and I0 are the amplitudes of the oscillating
B0 = i0
2π R 2
magnetic field and current, respectively i0 = Ö2Irms = 9.76 mA. For r = 3cm, R = 6 cm,
B0 = 1.63 ´ 10-11 T.

(vii) dQ dV
(a) C = ε 0 A/d = 801pF Þ =C
dt dt
dV 0.15
= = 1.87 ´ 109 Vs -1
dt 80.1´ 1012
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 d
(b) i d = ε 0 Φ E . Now across the capacitor Φ E = EA , ignoring end corrections.
dt
dΦ
Therefore , i d = ε 0 A E
dt
Q dE i
Now, E = .Therefore, = , which implies i d = i = 0.15 A.
ε 0A dt ε 0 A
(c) Yes, provided by ' current' we mean the sum of conduction and displacement currents.

(viii) Photon energy (for l = 1m)

6.63 ´ 10-34 ´ 3 ´ 108
= eV = 1.24 ´ 10- 6 eV
1.6 ´ 10-19
Photon energy for other wavelengths in the figure for electromagnetic spectrum can be obtained by
multiplying approximate powers of ten. Energy of a photon that a source produces indicates the
spacings of the relevant energy levels of the source. For example, l = 10-12 m corresponds to photon
6
energy = 1.24 ´ 10 eV = 1.24 MeV. This indicates that nuclear energy levels (transition between
which causes g-ray emission) are typically spaced by 1 MeV or so. Similarly, a visible wavelength
l = 5 ´ 10-7 m, corresponds to photon energy = 2.5 eV. This implies that energy levels (transition
between which gives visible radiation) are typically spaced by a few eV.

(ix) A body at temperature T produces a continuous spectrum of wavelengths. For a black body, the
wavelength corresponding to maximum intensity of radiation is given according to Planck’s law
by the relation : l0 = 0.29 cm K/T . For lm = 10-6 m, T = 2900 K. Temperatures for other wavelengths
can be found. These numbers tell us the temperature ranges required for obtaining radiations in
different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. Thus, to obtain visible radiation , say l = 5 ´ 10-7 m
, the source should have a temperature of about 6000 K.
Note : a lower temperature will also produce this wavelength but not the maximum intensity.

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